title: Physiology of rate-responsive pacing.
abstract: The search for a pacemaker that accurately and easily mimics normal physiology is a continuing effort. There have been many achievements in the past, including sensing of the pacing chamber and programming of the pacing rate, sensitivity, and output. Present pacing developments include atrioventricular synchrony and rate adaptiveness. Results of studies on activation sequence and circadian variations will impact future pacing. The usefulness, cost effectiveness, and clinical value of some of the new pacing features remain unclear. Further clinical trials are necessary to clarify the value of new pacing techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Helguera
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Woscoboinik
mesh_terms: D000219:Adams-Stokes Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*