title: Measurement of mucociliary transport velocity in ventilated patients. Short-term effect of general anesthesia on mucociliary transport.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to evaluate a method for measuring BTV in ventilated patients and to study the short-term effect of general anesthesia with midazolam, Fentanyl, pancuronium and O2:N2O on BTV.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included phantom measurements on a bronchoscopy model and the determination of BTV in patients in a convenience sample trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study took place in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients undergoing major abdominal surgery with planned postoperative mechanical ventilation were included in the study. All patients gave their written informed consent to participate in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bronchial mucus transport velocity was measured with a small volume (0.05 to 0.08 ml) of technetium 99m-labeled albumin microspheres with an activity of 3 MBq. The radiolabeled bolus was deposited on the dorsal mucosal surface at the distal end of the right and left main bronchus via flexible bronchoscopy. The movement of the microspheres toward the trachea was visualized and recorded using a scintillation camera; quantitative evaluation utilized the condensed image.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technique was validated in a bronchoscopy model and in an intubated patient by moving a radioactive drop in a catheter through the main bronchi at velocities from 0 to 20 mm/min. The velocities determined by the image processing technique correlated well with the data by the model and patient determination (right bronchus, r = 1.0; left bronchus, r = 1.0). In seven ventilated patients, mechanical irritation by the fiberscope produced no significant effect on BTV. The BTV was measured preoperatively in seven conscious patients one day before surgery while they received local anesthesia with 10 ml of 1 percent lidocaine and postoperatively while they received intubation anesthesia. The preoperative and postoperative BTV values showed no significant differences (10.5; 5.7 to 13.7 mm/min; vs 9.7 (3.7 to 15.3) (median with range).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By this method, bronchial transport velocity can be determined in a relatively short time in ventilated patients. General anesthesia with midazolam, Fentanyl, pancuronium and O2:N2O does not influence BTV.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Anesthesiology, University of Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Konrad
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grünert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Ahnefeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001980:Bronchi / Q000502:physiology; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance / Q000187:drug effects; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D010197:Pancuronium / Q000494:pharmacology; D012121:Respiration, Artificial
chemical_list: D010197:Pancuronium; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl