title: Lacrimal drainage system injury in functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Incidence, analysis, and prevention.
abstract: Injury to the lacrimal drainage system with resultant epiphora is a complication of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. A study of 24 patients was conducted to determine the incidence and significance of lacrimal drainage system injuries during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Intraoperative testing demonstrated seven occult injuries (15%) in 46 endoscopic procedures. Postoperative testing demonstrated diversion of lacrimal drainage into the middle meatus in two patients and spontaneous healing of the injured lacrimal drainage system with restoration of normal drainage in three of the patients available for follow-up testing. In no patient did epiphora develop. It is concluded that the nasolacrimal drainage system is in close proximity to the dissection cavity during functional endoscopic sinus surgery and, hence, is at risk for inadvertent injury. Occult damage to the nasolacrimal drainage system would appear to be a common event during functional endoscopic sinus surgery; however, the complication of postoperative epiphora is rare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Wilford Hall US Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Tex.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Bolger
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mair
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Kuhn
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries*; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000601:surgery*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods*