title: Long-term orthodontic tooth movement response to short-term force in the rat.
abstract: Both the amount of force applied and the duration of the application affect tooth movement. To study the effect of duration, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fitted with orthodontic appliances delivering a 40-gm initial mesial tipping force to the maxillary molars. The animals were divided into two longitudinal groups (I: 1 hour and II: 24 hours; N = 15). Sham-treated control (III) and 14 day (IV) continuous cross-sectional force tooth movement data were also included for comparison (72 rats per group). Extraoral cephalometric radiographs were obtained at appliance placement and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, & 14 days. Tooth movement was determined with respect to palatal implants. ANOVA indicated significant differences existed over time in each group (p = 0.0001). Continuous force applied for 14 days generated a classic three-part tooth movement curve. Short-term forces were characterized by initial mesial movement, a distal relapse period (d3-d5), and a late mesial movement period (d7-d14). The results suggest short-term forces of 1 and 24 hours initiate remodeling events, which result in tooth movement 7 to 14 days later and that the minimum effective duration of a 40-gm activation is less than 1 hour in this animal model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Keeling
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D000818:Animals; D002508:Cephalometry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D014070:Tooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation