title: Mechanisms that determine the transmembrane disposition of proteins.
abstract: The final orientation that a protein assumes in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum is determined by a few types of signal sequences and their respective interactions with the membrane insertion complex. Membrane insertion occurs via a series of discrete steps, some of which are regulated by GTP- and ATP-binding proteins. Analysis of the protein components in proximity to nascent secretory and membrane proteins has revealed novel proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum that may form part of the membrane insertion complex.
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: High
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dobberstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins