title: Genetics of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
abstract: Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in a clinical isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was shown to be due to the production of altered forms of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 2X and 1A. The cloned PBP2X gene from the resistant strain was able to transform a susceptible strain to an intermediate level of resistance. The resulting transformant could be transformed to the full level of resistance of the clinical isolate using the cloned PBP1A gene from the latter strain. Chromosomal DNA from the resistant strain (and from other resistant strains) could readily transform a susceptible strain to the full level of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (greater than 250-fold for cefotaxime; greater than 100-fold for ceftriaxone) in a single step (transformation frequency of about 10(-5)). The resistant transformants obtained with chromosomal DNA were shown by gene fingerprinting to have gained both the PBP1A and PBP2X genes from the DNA donor.
authors.affiliation: Microbial Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Dowson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hakenbeck
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Spratt
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006602:Hexosyltransferases; D002267:Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase / Q000235:genetics; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins; D010458:Peptidyl Transferases; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002511:Cephalosporins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins; D010458:Peptidyl Transferases; D006602:Hexosyltransferases; D002267:Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase