title: The effect of a commercial 2,4-D formulation on chemical- and viral-induced tumor production in mice.
abstract: Male CD-1 mice were exposed to a commercial formulation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), the amine derivative, in the drinking water at concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.163% of the formulated product, equivalent to approximately 0-50 mg kg-1 day-1 2,4-D content. The effect of 2,4-D on urethan-induced pulmonary adenoma formation was evaluated following a 105-day exposure. Urethan-induced sleeping times observed following an i.p. injection of urethan (1.5 mg g-1) after 3 weeks of 2,4-D exposure were not altered by 2,4-D, indicating that 2,4-D did not influence urethan elimination. Pulmonary adenoma production, which was evaluated 84 days after urethan injection, was enhanced by 2,4-D exposure but had no effect on tumor size. The effect of 2,4-D on the incidence of spontaneous murine lymphocytic leukemia was evaluated during the 365-day treatment period. Mortality associated with the leukemia virus was not altered by 2,4-D treatment. Exposure to this commercial 2,4-D product at moderately high levels of exposure may modify the development or expression of certain tumors in CD-1 mice. The mechanism of the co-carcinogenic or tumor-promoting activity associated with 2,4-D exposure remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiological Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Blakley
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Rousseaux
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000236:Adenoma / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000818:Animals; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007945:Leukemia, Lymphoid / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D014520:Urethane
chemical_list: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D014520:Urethane