title: Preoperative risk factor assessment in liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the increasing success of liver transplantation, there is lack of objective data defining appropriate candidate suitability. This study was undertaken to determine preoperative risk factors that independently or in combination affected outcome after orthotopic liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed data on 229 consecutive adult liver transplant recipients. Thirty-one preoperative risk factors recorded at the time of listing and immediately before transplantation were analyzed. Outcome variables included hospital mortality rates, bacterial or fungal sepsis, and the need for renal support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall hospital mortality rate was 15.7%. Patients who were in the intensive care unit immediately before transplantation had the highest hospital mortality rate (32.6%; p = 0.006), incidence of bacterial sepsis (51%; p = 0.001), fungal infection rate (27.6%; p = 0.001), and need for renal support (38.7%; p = 0.001). Preoperative renal dysfunction was significantly associated with sepsis and was reflected in higher hospital mortality rates (29.5%; p = 0.011). Child-Pugh class C was associated with higher mortality rates (23.9%; p = 0.017), an increased incidence of bacterial (37.2%; p = 0.020) and fungal infection (20.3%; p = 0.049), and a 30.4% requirement for postoperative renal support (p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results emphasize the need for earlier referral and transplantation in patients with advanced liver disease. Further studies are needed to refine identified risk profiles and devise strategies to decrease morbidity and mortality rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0331.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baliga
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Merion
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Turcotte
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Henley
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lucey
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schork
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shyr
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000401:mortality; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000401:mortality*; D009017:Morbidity; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015996:Survival Rate