title: Epidural analgesia in labor and fetal hyperthermia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of epidural analgesia on fetal temperature in labor, contrasting intrauterine with oral thermometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal skin and maternal uterine wall temperatures were measured with an intrauterine probe in 57 laboring women at term. Maternal oral temperatures were measured in the normal way by birth attendants unaware that their measurements would be examined. Maximum recorded fetal, uterine, and oral temperatures were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epidural analgesia resulted in a significant fetal temperature rise compared with other methods of analgesia. Duration of epidural analgesia correlated with the fetal temperature (R = 0.44, P = .012). Oral thermometry underestimated fetal temperature in 95% of the studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We estimate that 5% of fetuses reached a core temperature in excess of 40C in this study, all in association with epidural analgesia. We suggest that antipyretic measures be considered after 5 hours of epidural analgesia in ambient temperatures above 24C.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Macaulay
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Steer
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D013821:Thermometers; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects