title: Cardiac effects of 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid, a thyroid hormone analog with inotropic selectivity.
abstract: Thyroid hormone exerts a strong positive inotropic action on the heart and induces alpha-myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene expression. 3,5-Diiodothyropropionic acid (DITPA), a carboxylic acid analog with low metabolic activity, was observed to induce alpha-MHC mRNA in heart cell culture with EC50 approximately 5 x 10(-7) M. To determine if the compound has positive inotropic actions, the effects of DITPA and L-thyroxine on heart rate, left ventricular pressures, left ventricular dP/dt, myosin isoenzymes and hepatic alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase activity were compared in hypothyroid rats. Binding affinities of DITPA and triiodothyronine for bacterially expressed alpha-1 and beta-1 thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) also were determined. Over the dosage range of 150 to 1500 micrograms/100 g, DITPA produced increases in left ventricular dP/dt comparable to those obtained with L-thyroxine at dosages of 1.5 to 15 micrograms/100 g, but with significantly less tachycardia. The increase in alpha-MHC mRNA was about the same with both compounds whereas alpha-MHC protein content and GPDH activity increased less with DITPA. These differences could not be explained by preferential binding of DITPA to TR subtypes. Because heart rate is a major determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption, DITPA is able to achieve increased cardiac performance at lower myocardial oxygen costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tucson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Arizona.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Pennock
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Raya
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bahl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004104:Diiodothyronines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009218:Myosins / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004104:Diiodothyronines; D009218:Myosins; D013974:Thyroxine