title: Methemoglobinemia induced by a benzocaine-based topically administered anesthetic in eight sheep.
abstract: Benzocaine-based anesthetic sprays are commonly used in sheep to anesthetize the nasal passages and glottis before intubation. Sprays containing benzocaine have been identified as causing methemoglobinemia in dogs, cats, and human beings. Diagnosis of benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia was made in 8 Dorset-Finn ewes exposed to a 2-second burst of (approx 56 to 112 mg of benzocaine) anesthetic spray. Venous blood samples taken 10 to 20 minutes after intranasal application of the spray revealed methemoglobinemia of 22.6 +/- 1.8% (mean +/- SD) in 9 samples from 8 ewes. Four other ewes intentionally exposed did not have methemoglobinemia. Topical use of benzocaine-containing anesthetics in sheep is not recommended. The high methemoglobin concentration induced by this product may substantially alter the cardiovascular and pulmonary function, blood gas analyses, and exercise capacity, thereby compromising animal health and/or research results. Although it appears that minimal clinical signs are induced in healthy animals, the risks of compromising a subclinically ill animal do not offset the benefits of this product.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lagutchik
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Mundie
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000336:Aerosols; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D001566:Benzocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D008708:Methemoglobinemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D001566:Benzocaine