title: Calmodulin-specific monoclonal antibodies inhibit DNA replication in mammalian cells.
abstract: The involvement of calmodulin in the proliferation of Chinese hamster embryo fibroblast cells has been studied with a specific monoclonal antibody to calmodulin. We observed that calmodulin levels increase 2-fold in the late G1 period in these cells, and this coincides with the increase in DNA polymerase alpha activity as the cells progress synchronously from a quiescent state in the G1 to the S phase. However, there is a concurrent 10-fold enhancement of thymidine kinase activity, which is tightly coupled to the entry of cells into the S phase. Incubation of permeabilized S-phase cells with calmodulin-specific murine monoclonal antibody resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of DNA replication. This inhibitory effect of anti-calmodulin antibodies on DNA replication is completely reversed by the addition of exogenously purified calmodulin. These observations provide evidence for the involvement of calmodulin in DNA replication and, therefore, in cell proliferation during the S phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Gynecological Oncology), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Sacks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004257:DNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016196:S Phase / Q000502:physiology; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002147:Calmodulin; D013937:Thymidine Kinase; D004257:DNA Polymerase II