title: The emergence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains carrying the 4.9 kb (Toronto) plasmid in Denmark and of a novel large plasmid in two nonpenicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains.
abstract: This study comprised plasmid analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 712 out of a total of 730 penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and 744 random non-PPNG strains isolated in Denmark between 1985 and 1990. The rate of patients with PPNG infections rose from 1% to 2% during 1985-1987 to 6.9% in 1989, and then decreased to 4.8% in 1990. A decrease in cases of gonorrhea from 9,798 to 1,990 was seen during the same period. Strains harboring the 4.9 kb (Toronto) plasmid first appeared in 1987; in 1988-1990, 65% to 78% of strains from patients with PPNG infections acquired in Denmark contained this plasmid. The majority of these strains seemed to belong to a single clone. Tetracycline-resistant PPNG strains (MIC greater than 32 mg/L) first appeared in Denmark in 1989, and tetracycline-resistant non-PPNG strains carrying a 40 kb plasmid (tetM?) first appeared in 1990. A novel 41-42 kb plasmid appeared in one strain in 1987 and another in 1988. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline for these two strains was 4 mg/l. The significance of this plasmid is yet unknown.
authors.affiliation: Neisseria Department, Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reimann
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bollerup
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lind
mesh_terms: D002443:Ceftriaxone; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D003718:Denmark; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D010403:Penicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D010405:Penicillinase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010957:Plasmids; D013307:Streptomycin; D013753:Tetracycline Resistance / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002443:Ceftriaxone; D004247:DNA; D010405:Penicillinase; D013307:Streptomycin