title: Correction of type II breast deformities following conservative cancer surgery.
abstract: Breast deformities following conservative cancer surgery are seen with increasing frequency and often represent difficult reconstructive problems. Type II deformities are characterized by localized tissue insufficiency, which can be due to skin insufficiency (type IIa), subcutaneous tissue insufficiency (type IIb), or both (type IIab). Correction of a locally damaged breast is a surgical challenge that can result in a fully restored breast if selection of the surgical procedure is properly carried out. A series of 37 patients who underwent correction of type II deformities from 1980 to 1989 was reviewed. Results obtained with different surgical procedures, including simple submuscular placement of traditional or expandable implants, breast reshaping, transposition of a latissimus dorsi muscle or musculocutaneous flap, TRAM flap, and reverse abdominoplasty, were evaluated. Aesthetic outcome was judged to be good or excellent in 78 percent of patients. Guidelines for selection of the most appropriate surgical procedure according to the defect's etiology, morphology, and location and to the breast's size and shape are presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Clinical Oncology, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berrino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campora
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015411:Mastectomy, Modified Radical; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D013524:Surgical Flaps