title: Studies of the amplification of carbaryl toxicity by various oximes.
abstract: The administration of 2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride (2-PAM Cl) is a standard part of the regimen for treatment of human overexposure to many organophosphorus pesticides and nerve agents. However, some literature references indicate that poisoning by carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methyl carbamate), an insecticide in everyday use, is aggravated by the administration of 2-PAM Cl. This effect has been reported in the mouse, rat, dog and man. We have found that the inhibition of both eel acetylcholinesterase (eel AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) and human serum cholinesterase (human BuChE, EC 3.1.1.8) by carbaryl was enhanced by several oximes. Based on 95% confidence limits the rank order of potentiation with eel AChE was TMB-4 = Toxogonin > HS-6 = HI-6 > 2-PAM Cl. By the same criterion, the rank order of potentiation with human BuChE was TMB-4 > Toxogonin > HS-6 = 2-PAM Cl. Carbaryl-challenged mice also reflected a potentiation since TMB-4 exacerbated the toxicity more than 2-PAM Cl. Our hypothesis is that certain oximes act as allosteric effectors of cholinesterases in carbaryl poisoning, resulting in enhanced inhibition rates and potentiation of carbaryl toxicity.
authors.affiliation: US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010.
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Lieske
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Zoeffel
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Sultan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012721:Carbaryl / Q000633:toxicity*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004524:Eels; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010091:Oximes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014289:Trimedoxime / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D010091:Oximes; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds; D014289:Trimedoxime; D002802:Cholinesterases; C028797:pralidoxime; D012721:Carbaryl