title: American nursing: 100 years of conflicting ideas and ideals.
abstract: Based on historical research about nursing sponsors, actors, activities, preparation, and location of work, this paper identifies divisive themes that have recurred in American nursing throughout its history. The conflictive areas discussed are: ideals, gender, the search for status and the use of exclusion, the merger of training and practice, and the differences between ordinary nurses and nursing leaders.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Baer
mesh_terms: D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000266:history; D005260:Female; D006676:History of Nursing; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D009726:Nurses; D014481:United States; D014933:Women's Rights