title: Effects of snake venom phospholipase A2 toxins (beta-bungarotoxin, notexin) and enzymes (Naja naja atra, Naja nigricollis) on aminophospholipid asymmetry in rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes.
abstract: The effects of snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) toxins (beta-bungarotoxin, notexin) and PLA2 enzymes (Naja nigricollis, Naja naja atra) on aminophospholipid asymmetry in rat cerebrocortical synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) were examined. Incubation of intact synaptosomes with 2 mM 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) for 40 min, under non-penetrating conditions, followed by SPM isolation, allowed us to calculate the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer leaflet of the SPM, while incubation with disrupted synaptosomes provided total labeling values with the difference representing labeling of the inner leaflet. We found that 30% of the PE and 2% of the PS were in the outer leaflet, with 54% of the PE and 80% of the PS in the inner leaflet; 16% of the PE and 18% of the PS was inaccessible to TNBS. PLA2 toxins and enzymes increased in a concentration-dependent manner the percentage of PS and, to a lesser extent, the percentage of PE in the outer leaflet of the SPM, due to a redistribution from the inner to the outer leaflet. There was no correlation between the PLA2 enzymatic activities and the increased percentage of PS in the outer leaflet of the SPM induced by the PLA2 toxins and enzymes. Alteration of aminophospholipid asymmetry does not explain the greater presynaptic specificity and potencies of the PLA2 toxins as compared to the PLA2 enzymes, but may be associated with the increased acetylcholine release from synaptosomes induced by both the toxins and enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Connecticut, School of Pharmacy, Storrs 06269-2092.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghassemi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002038:Bungarotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004546:Elapid Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007536:Isomerism; D008297:Male; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid
chemical_list: D002038:Bungarotoxins; D004546:Elapid Venoms; D009498:Neurotoxins; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; C005082:notexin; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2