title: Prevention of tissue calcification on bioprosthetic heart valve by using epoxy compounds: a study of calcification tests in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Calcification is the principal cause of the clinical failures of the bioprosthetic heart valves fabricated from glutaraldehyde pretreated porcine aortic valves or bovine pericardium. In this paper, we compared the calcification on various types of bovine pericardiums pretreated with two hydrophilic epoxy compounds adding GA post-treatment (EP 1 and EP 2), glutaraldehyde (GA)- and nontreated pericardium (Fresh), respectively, by in vitro and in vivo tests. Significant decrease of calcification was found by pretreatment with both epoxy compounds rather than with glutaraldehyde: 0.250 +/- 0.001 (Fresh), 0.276 +/- 0.058 (EP 1), 0.302 +/- 0.071 (EP 2), and 0.478 +/- 0.172 (GA) micrograms (Ca)/mg (dried tissue), respectively, after 20 days dipping in a simulating serum solution in vitro; 115.13 +/- 60.11 (Fresh), 129.84 +/- 51.08 (EP 1), 167.39 +/- 20.81 (EP 2), and 205.19 +/- 16.86 (GA) micrograms/mg, respectively, after 3 months subcutaneous implantation in rabbits. The in vitro method for evaluating calcification designed by us gave the similar order among four samples with that obtained by in vivo test. Because the bovine pericardium pretreated with the epoxy compounds adding GA post-treatment possesses the greater tenacity than that pretreated only with epoxy compounds or GA, meanwhile the calcification is also significantly decreased with this pretreatment, it may be expected that the bovine pericardium with this pretreatment will have the greater anticalcification and durability in dynamic stress.
authors.affiliation: Center of Medical Devices, National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002417:Cattle; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010496:Pericardium; D013552:Swine; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D014867:Water