title: Acute bacterial endocarditis. Optimizing surgical results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute bacterial endocarditis continues to be a condition with high morbidity. Although the majority of patients are treated by high-dose antibiotics, a high-risk patient group requires surgical intervention, which is the subject of this article.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1972 to 1991, 3,820 patients underwent heart valve replacement at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston. Of this group, 158 patients underwent surgery for acute bacterial endocarditis: 109 had native valve endocarditis (NVE), and 49 had prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). There were 108 men and 50 women with a mean age of 49 years (range, 16-79 years); 64% were New York Heart Association functional class IV before surgery, and 12% of the group had a history of intravenous drug abuse. In both NVE and PVE groups, Streptococcus was the predominant infecting agent. Uncontrolled sepsis, progressive congestive failure, peripheral emboli, and echocardiographically demonstrated vegetations were the most common indications for surgery. Eighty-five percent of patients had a single-valve procedure, 15% had a multivalve procedure, and 34 patients had other associated major cardiac procedures. The operative mortality was 6% in NVE and 22% in PVE. Long-term survival at 10 years was 66% for NVE and 29% for PVE. Freedom from recurrent endocarditis at 10 years was 85% for NVE and 82% for PVE. The main factors associated with decreased survival overall were PVE and nonstreptococcal infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The morbidity and mortality after surgical treatment of acute endocarditis depend on the site, the severity, and the subject infected. Early aggressive surgical intervention is indicated to optimize surgical results, especially in patients with nonstreptococcal infection or PVE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Larbalestier
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kinchla
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Aranki
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Couper
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Cohn
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve; D001900:Boston / Q000453:epidemiology; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000601:surgery; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors