title: Differential antinociceptive effects of morphine and methylmorphine in the formalin test.
abstract: The antinociceptive activities of morphine, and its quaternary analogue methylmorphine, have been compared after intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular administrations in the mouse paw formalin test. Systemic morphine inhibited both the early and late phases of the formalin-induced licking response and this activity was naloxone sensitive. In contrast, systemic methylmorphine inhibited only the late phase, and this activity was blocked by pre-treatment with methylnaloxone. Central administration of either morphine or methylmorphine inhibited the early phase of the licking response partially and the late phase completely. Systemic naloxone inhibited the central action of both opioids, whilst systemic methylnaloxone did not affect the central action of methylmorphine. The results indicate that the early phase of the response to formalin in the mouse may be inhibited by stimulation of central opioid receptors whilst inhibition of the late phase may involve both peripheral and central opioid receptors.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Group, Biomedical Sciences Division, King's College, London SW3 6LX UK British Technology Group, London SE1 6BU UK.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Oluyomi
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003061:Codeine / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009020:Morphine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010111:Oxymorphone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D005557:Formaldehyde; D009020:Morphine; D010111:Oxymorphone; D003061:Codeine