title: A common set of nuclear factors bind to promoter elements regulated by the retinoblastoma protein.
abstract: A 30-base pair element within the c-fos promoter, termed the RCE (retinoblastoma control element), has previously been shown to be the target of transcriptional regulation by the product of the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene. We have identified three nuclear proteins [retinoblastoma control proteins (RCPs)] that complex with this promoter element in vitro. The Rb gene does not appear to encode the RCPs as the expression of Rb in vivo does not correlate with RCE-RCP complex formation in vitro. A single binding site for the RCPs within the c-fos RCE was identified, and the nucleotides required for protein-DNA complex formation were defined. Similar sequences are found in the promoters of two additional genes that are regulated by Rb (c-myc and TGF-beta 1), and binding assays demonstrate that the RCPs also interact with these elements. Linkage of the c-fos RCE to the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter led to a 4-fold stimulation of expression in transient transfection assays. Mutations within the RCP binding site that abrogate stable interaction of the RCPs with the RCE in vitro block RCE transcriptional activity in vivo. Our results suggest a role for the RCPs in RCE-dependent transcription and the regulation of transcription by the Rb protein.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cell Growth, Regulation and Oncogenesis, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Udvadia
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Horowitz
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016762:Genes, fos; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors