title: Validation of real-time ultrasound technology for predicting fat thicknesses, longissimus muscle areas, and composition of Brangus bulls from 4 months to 2 years of age.
abstract: Sixty Brangus bulls were evaluated live using two real-time ultrasound instruments and four technicians to estimate longissimus muscle area (LMA) and 12th rib fat thickness (FT) every 4 mo beginning at 4 and 12 mo of age, respectively, and continuing until 24 mo of age. Ten bulls were slaughtered every 4 mo to determine actual LMA and FT, 9-10-11th rib chemical composition, yield grade (YG) factors, and empty body weight (EBW). Live animal traits were used to predict 9-10-11th rib composition, YG, and EBW. Scanned mean FT was accurate (P less than .05) at 16 mo and was not different (P = .09) from the actual mean FT (95% of the time the error in estimation was less than or equal to .33 cm). Scanned mean LMA was accurate (P less than .05) at 12 mo (95% of the time the error in estimation was less than or equal to 20.0 cm2). Absolute differences between scanned and actual mean FT and LMA were different (P less than .05) from zero for the main effects of month, operator and(or) interpreter, and instrument. Increased level of operator skill did not improve the accuracy of FT or LMA measurements, whereas increased level of skill of the interpreter of scans did improve the accuracy of LMA estimations. There was no difference (P greater than .05) between ultrasound instruments in accuracy of estimating FT or LMA. The most accurate prediction of YG occurred at 12 mo and incorporated LW, hip height (HH), and ultrasound LMA (R2 = .95, SD = .14). The most accurate prediction of EBW occurred at 16 mo and incorporated LW, HH, and ultrasound FT (R2 = .99, SD = 6.65 kg), whereas the most accurate equation for combined slaughter periods incorporated LW, HH, and ultrasound LMA (R2 = .99, SD = 20.71 kg). We conclude that scanning of LMA at 12 mo and of FT at 12 or 16 mo were sufficiently accurate to characterize groups of bulls; however, some individual measurements were quite inaccurate. Measurements at other months should not be considered accurate for either individuals or groups of bulls. Yield grade and EBW can be accurately estimated from live animal and ultrasound measurements, which may be useful in identifying Brangus cattle with superior cutability and may eliminate the need for serial slaughter in research projects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Waldner
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dikeman
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Schalles
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Unruh
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Corah
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000254:growth & development; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D008297:Male; D024510:Muscle Development; D009132:Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography; D015430:Weight Gain