title: Metabolism of 2,6-dinitro[3-3H]toluene by human and rat liver microsomal and cytosolic fractions.
abstract: 1. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) metabolism by human liver and male Fischer F344 rat liver subcellular fractions under aerobic (100% oxygen) and anaerobic (100% nitrogen) incubation conditions was examined. Under aerobic conditions the major 2,6-DNT metabolite formed by hepatic microsomes was 2,6-dinitrobenzyl alcohol (2,6-DNBalc); under anaerobic conditions 2-amino-6-nitrotoluene (2Am6NT) was the major metabolite. 2. Rates of 2,6-DNBalc formation by human and rat liver microsomes under aerobic conditions were 247 and 132 pmol/min per mg protein, respectively. Rates of 2Am6NT formation by human and rat liver microsomes under anaerobic conditions were 292 and 285 pmol/min per mg protein, respectively. Anaerobic reduction of 2,6-DNT to 2Am6NT by rat and human liver microsomes was inhibited by carbon monoxide and metyrapone, which indicates that microsomal metabolism of 2,6-DNT to 2Am6NT is mediated by cytochrome P-450. 3. Liver cytosolic fractions also metabolized 2,6-DNT to 2Am6NT under anaerobic conditions. Formation of 2Am6NT by human and rat liver cytosols was supported by hypoxanthine, NADPH and NADH. Allopurinol inhibited the hypoxanthine-supported anaerobic metabolism of 2,6-DNT by rat, but not human, liver cytosol. Dicumarol inhibited the NADPH-supported anaerobic metabolism of 2,6-DNT by human, but not rat, liver cytosol. These results indicate that xanthine oxidase contributes to the hypoxanthine-supported anaerobic metabolism of 2,6-DNT by human liver cytosol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Michener
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Powis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D014316:Tritium; D009249:NADP; C023514:2,6-dinitrotoluene