title: Morphological proportionality in elite age group North American divers.
abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to describe the morphological parameters that characterize elite age group divers. Comparisons are made to normative age group data from the Coquitlam Growth Study and the constancy of important characteristics from age group to age group is examined. Data were collected on 27 male and 28 female elite divers who participated in the 1990 North American Age Group Diving Championships. Body build, body composition and skinfold corrected diameters were determined from 36 anthropometric parameters and analysed by ANOVA, t-test and Phantom z-scores procedures. All age groups except the 14- to 15-year-old males were significantly (P < or = 0.05) shorter than their norms but recorded higher androgyny index values. The estimated relative muscle mass increased significantly (P < or = 0.05) with age for males at all ages (40.8-46.3%). The 16- to 18-year-old females had a significantly (P < or = 0.05) larger relative muscle component compared to the younger age groups (40.1-38.4%). When normalized for height, active tissue development of the extremities was comparable between the sexes except in the forearm. The results indicate that at all age levels short stature is an important characteristic for divers. Analysis of regional active tissue development provides further insight into sport-specific prerequisites for success at elite levels.
authors.affiliation: Sport Anthropology Group, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sovak
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Plant
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D001827:Body Height; D002648:Child; D004242:Diving / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009656:North America; D012885:Skinfold Thickness