title: The contribution of gastroesophageal reflux to chest pain in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the effectiveness of investigating and treating the cause of refractory chest pain in patients with coronary artery disease who are receiving optimal antianginal therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1988 and December 1989, 34 patients were identified as having angiographically proven coronary artery disease and atypical chest pain symptoms despite their having received aggressive medical or surgical antianginal therapy, or both.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with confirmed acid-related symptoms were treated with high-dose histamine-2 (H2) blockers or omeprazole for 8 weeks in an open-label study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Esophageal manometry and simultaneous 24-hour pH and Holter studies; global improvement in or disappearance of chest pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 34 patients, 30 (88%) experienced their identical chest pain symptoms during the study. A total of 164 pain episodes was recorded: 38 (23.2%) correlated with acid reflux; 6 (3.7%) were related to cardiac ischemia; and the remaining 120 (73.2%) had no identifiable cause. Of these 30 patients, 20 (67%) had some of their episodes of chest pain (range, 14% to 100%) secondary to acid reflux. After 8 weeks of vigorous acid suppression, 13 of these 20 patients had marked improvement or resolution of chest pain. Four other patients had ischemia-related episodes of chest pain that responded to more aggressive antianginal therapy. No episodes of acid reflux were clearly followed by ischemic chest pain. One patient had both acid- and ischemic-related episodes of chest pain that were indistinguishable. Overall, 24 of 34 (71%) patients had a definite cause of chest pain identified by combined pH and Holter monitoring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common, treatable cause of chest pain in patients with coronary artery disease who have atypical symptoms and remain symptomatic despite aggressive antianginal therapy. Combined Holter and 24-hour esophageal pH studies are complementary investigations for elucidating the cause of chest pain in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Hewson
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Hackshaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000209:etiology; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence