title: Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification in Alcaligenes faecalis strain TUD.
abstract: Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic and anaerobic denitrification by Alcaligenes faecalis strain TUD were studied in continuous cultures under various environmental conditions. Both nitrification and denitrification activities increased with the dilution rate. At dissolved oxygen concentrations above 46% air saturation, hydroxylamine, nitrite and nitrate accumulated, indicating that both the nitrification and denitrification were less efficient. The overall nitrification activity was, however, essentially unaffected by the oxygen concentration. The nitrification rate increased with increasing ammonia concentration, but was lower in the presence of nitrate or nitrite. When present, hydroxylamine, was nitrified preferentially. Relatively low concentrations of acetate caused substrate inhibition (KI = 109 microM acetate). Denitrifying or assimilatory nitrate reductase were not detected, and the copper nitrite reductase, rather than cytochrome cd, was present. Thiosulphate (a potential inhibitor of heterotrophic nitrification) was oxidized by A. faecalis strain TUD, with a maximum oxygen uptake rate of 140-170 nmol O2.min-1.mg prot-1. Comparison of the behaviour of A. faecalis TUD with that of other bacteria capable of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification established that the response of these organisms to environmental parameters is not uniform. Similarities were found in their responses to dissolved oxygen concentrations, growth rate and ammonia concentration. However, they differed in their responses to externally supplied nitrite and nitrate.
authors.affiliation: Kluyver Laboratory for Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: van Niel
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Braber
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kuenen
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000421:Alcaligenes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media; D019811:Hydroxylamine; D006898:Hydroxylamines / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009572:Nitrite Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D013885:Thiosulfates / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D006898:Hydroxylamines; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D013885:Thiosulfates; D019811:Hydroxylamine; D000641:Ammonia; D009572:Nitrite Reductases