title: Effect of growth hormone administration on human ovarian function and steroidogenic gene expression in granulosa-luteal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of growth hormone (GH) in combination with an ultrashort-term gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) regimen in ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based IVF program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four normally cycling women (27 control and 27 GH-treated) participated in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human recombinant GH (24 IU)/placebo was given intramuscularly on alternate days starting on cycle day 4 until the day of last hMG injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) concentrations were slightly lower in the GH group than in the placebo group on the day of hCG injection and 1 day thereafter (P < 0.01 to 0.001). Serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, testosterone (T), and sex hormone-binding globulin did not differ between the groups. The follicular fluid (FF) concentration of T was higher in the GH group than in the placebo group (15.9 +/- 6.0 nmol/L versus 10.2 +/- 4.9 nmol/L, P < 0.005), and no differences were observed in the FF concentrations of E2, P, and insulin-like growth factor I between the groups. In granulosa cells isolated from patients who received GH treatment, the levels of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and aromatase messenger ribonucleic acid were significantly higher than in the patients receiving placebo. The number of hMG ampules needed for follicular development and the number of follicles and oocytes recovered were similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that GH administration modifies ovarian steroidogenic response to gonadotropins in IVF patients, suggesting a role for GH in the regulation of human ovarian function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tapanainen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martikainen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Voutilainen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orava
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruokonen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rönnberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D008183:Luteal Phase; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D011388:Prolactin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D013006:Growth Hormone