title: Retinal hemorrhages in newborn piglets following cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation causes retinal hemorrhages in piglets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonrandomized observations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal physiology laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six 3.5- to 4.5-kg piglets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty minutes of conventional, closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intrathoracic venous pressure (right atrium) and intracranial venous pressure (sagittal sinus) were directly measured. At 5 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the mean (+/- SEM) sagittal sinus pressure was 41 +/- 8 mm Hg and the mean right atrial pressure was 58 +/- 9 mm Hg. The pressures were sustained throughout the 50 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. At autopsy, there was no gross or microscopic evidence of retinal hemorrhages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the conclusion that cardiopulmonary resuscitation does not cause retinal hemorrhages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fackler
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D013552:Swine