title: Freezing and calcium chloride marination effects on beef tenderness and calpastatin activity.
abstract: Because freezing samples decreases calpastatin activity and the application of exogenous calcium activates the calpain proteolytic system, thereby improving tenderness, the objective of this study was to determine whether freezing would enhance the effects of CaCl2 marination on the tenderness of beef steaks. Longissimus steaks were obtained from 10 beef steers 6 d postmortem. One-half of the steaks were frozen at -30 degrees C for 6 wk. The remaining steaks were treated fresh; one-half were subjected to a 150 mM CaCl2 marinade for 48 h. Frozen steaks were thawed and subjected to the same treatment. Treatments consisted of 1) fresh control, 2) fresh marinated, 3) frozen control, and 4) frozen marinated. Samples were taken before and after treatment (6 and 8 d) for calpastatin activity determination and d 8 for SDS-PAGE. Warner-Bratzler shear force values were measured 8 d postmortem. Data were analyzed using a paired comparison t-test procedure. Results showed that freezing and marination significantly decreased calpastatin activity. A .35-kg improvement (P = .07) in Warner-Bratzler shear force was observed with freezing, whereas a .78-kg improvement (P less than .01) in tenderness was observed with marination. However, prior freezing enhanced the effects of marination. Therefore, the decrease in calpastatin activity seemed to allow greater proteolysis by the calpains with the application of Ca2+. The SDS-PAGE of myofibril preparations indicated that more small polypeptide fragments (28 to 32 kDa) appeared and a 95-kDa fragment was more intense in the marinated samples than in control samples, indicating that proteolysis was enhanced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Whipple
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koohmaraie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002154:Calpain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005519:Food Preservation; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D011180:Postmortem Changes
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C033668:calpastatin; D002154:Calpain; D002122:Calcium Chloride