title: Effect of cigarette smoking and of a transdermal nicotine delivery system on glucoregulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The effect of nicotine absorbed transdermally from a patch (TNS) and from cigarette smoking on insulin secretion and action in Type 2 diabetes has been compared. Twelve Type 2 diabetic smoking patients, aged 51 y, with diabetes for 9 y, treated either with diet and/or oral hypoglycaemic agents, were studied on three occasions, according to a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. The subjects were investigated 12 h after their last cigarette or application of one patch of TNS 30 cm2 or TNS placebo, or whilst smoking their usual cigarette. Insulin secretion was assessed by a glucagon (1 mg IV) stimulation test. On a second occasion, insulin action was assessed by a hyperglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp, the spontaneous hyperglycaemia of the fasting state (8.61 mmol.l-1) being maintained during a 4 h insulin infusion (at 0.1 mU.kg-1.min-1 for the initial 2 h, and 1 mU.kg-1.min-1 during the last 2 h). TNS and the cigarette did not affect endogenous insulin secretion as compared to placebo. During the initial 2 h of the clamp study, plasma insulin increased from 88 to 155 pmol.l-1, hepatic glucose production (3-3H-glucose) was less suppressed after TNS (4.31 mumol.kg-1.min-1) than after placebo (2.5 mumol.kg-1.min-1), but was more suppressed than after cigarette smoking (5.61 mumol.kg-1.min-1). In the last 2 h of the clamp (plasma insulin 646 pmol.l-1), glucose utilization was less stimulated after TNS (36.1 mumol.kg-1.min-1) vs placebo (39.8 mumol.kg-1.min-1), but more than after cigarette smoking (33.6 mumol.kg-1.min-1), primarily because of a decrease in glucose storage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Medicina Interna e Scienze Endocrine e Metaboliche, Università, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Epifano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Vincenzo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fanelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Porcellati
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perriello
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Feo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motolese
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brunetti
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Bolli
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D007328:Insulin; D009538:Nicotine