title: Tumor necrosis factor-beta induces sleep, fever, and anorexia.
abstract: The enhanced sleep, fever, and anorexia experienced during general infections are attributed to the increased production of cytokines. Cytokines such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have characteristic somnogenic, pyrogenic, and anorectic effects. TNF-beta is closely related to TNF-alpha, and they share common receptors. The effects of TNF-beta on sleep-wake activity, brain temperature (Tbr), and food intake were, however, heretofore unknown. We injected 0.5-200 ng TNF-beta into rabbits intracerebroventricularly (icv) in the light period, and the electroencephalogram, movement, and Tbr were recorded for 6 h from rabbits. The highest dose, 200 ng TNF-beta, induced increases in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep and decreases in rapid-eye-movement sleep accompanied with biphasic febrile responses. Icv injection of 100 ng TNF-beta at dark onset suppressed 12-h and 24-h food intake in rats. These data suggest to us that TNF-beta may belong to the group of endogenous pyrogens/sleep factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kapás
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Krueger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000855:Anorexia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003624:Darkness; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha