title: Carbon regulation and the role in nature of the Escherichia coli penicillin acylase (pac) gene.
abstract: Quantitative analysis of specific pac mRNA and a lacZ fusion to the 5'-terminal region of the pac gene demonstrated that both phenylacetic acid induction and catabolite repression by glucose are involved, at the transcriptional level, in the regulation of the pac gene. The studies presented here suggest that this regulation is also present in Escherichia coli transformed strains in which the pac gene was not originally present. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 5'-terminal region of this gene, with a statistical algorithm, confirms that the putative promoter previously proposed by our group is the most feasible within this region. We demonstrate that penicillin acylase activity can confer on E. coli the ability to use penicillin G as a metabolic substrate, by detaching the phenylacetic group which can be used as a carbon source. Based on these data, the regulation properties of the pac gene studied in this work, and the specificity profile of the penicillin acylase enzyme we suggest a role for it in E. coli as a scavenger enzyme for phenylacetylated compounds.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balbás
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Recillas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Becerril
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bolivar
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010399:Penicillin Amidase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000737:chemistry; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D012984:Software; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D010648:Phenylacetates; D002244:Carbon; D010399:Penicillin Amidase; C025136:phenylacetic acid; D005947:Glucose; D010400:Penicillin G