title: Catecholamine response to laryngoscopy and intubation. The influence of three different drug combinations commonly used for induction of anaesthesia.
abstract: The haemodynamic response and changes in plasma catecholamine concentrations associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation were compared during anaesthesia employing three strictly standardised techniques with commonly used drug combinations. Thirty-six patients were investigated consecutively resulting in 12 patients in each of three study groups. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone 5 mg.kg-1 (group 1), fentanyl 6 micrograms.kg-1 with thiopentone 5 mg.kg-1 (group 2), or midazolam 0.2 mg.kg-1 with fentanyl 6 micrograms.kg-1 (group 3). Undesirable changes in haemodynamic effects and an elevation of plasma catecholamine concentrations during laryngoscopy and intubation occurred in group 1. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure increased significantly (34% and 23% respectively). Noradrenaline concentration increased by a maximum of 147%. The addition of fentanyl (groups 2 and 3) attenuated the adverse haemodynamic response and elevation of plasma catecholamine concentrations; heart rate and mean arterial pressure did not differ from pre-intubation values and plasma catecholamine concentrations decreased steadily. Substitution of thiopentone by midazolam in combination with fentanyl abolished the adverse haemodynamic response and modified the increase in plasma catecholamine concentrations. 'High-dose' opioid anaesthesia is not necessary to produce optimal conditions during laryngoscopy and intubation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chraemmer-Jørgensen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hertel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strøm
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Høilund-Carlsen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bjerre-Jepsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam; D008875:Middle Aged; D013874:Thiopental
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D013874:Thiopental; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl