title: Clinical characteristics of IDDM in Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. Little evidence of heterogeneity by ethnicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical characteristics of IDDM in HD and NHWD subjects in order to evaluate potential heterogeneity of IDDM by ethnicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  HD subjects (n = 73) and NHWD subjects (n = 97) were recruited from the Colorado IDDM Registry. The registry included individuals who were Colorado residents, less than 18 yr old at diagnosis, placed on insulin within 2 wk of diagnosis, and had diabetes not secondary to other conditions. Residual beta-cell function was measured as the 1-h C-peptide response to a Sustacal challenge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HD subjects were similar to NHWD subjects in insulin dose, HbA1, HLA-DR antigens, ICAs, and family history of IDDM. HD subjects were more likely to have a family history of NIDDM than NHWD subjects (11 vs. 3%, P = 0.03). HD girls had higher C-peptide levels (0.27 vs. 0.11 nm/L [0.83 vs. 0.33 ng/ml], P = 0.01), BMI (22.7 vs. 20.9 kg/m2 P = 0.04), subscapular skinfold thickness (18.9 vs. 15.0 mm, P = 0.04), and WHR (0.81 vs. 0.77, P = 0.03) than NHWD females. After controlling for diabetes duration, BMI, sex, and family history of NIDDM, residual beta-cell function was associated significantly with Hispanic ethnicity, although the term accounted for just 3% of the overall variability in C-peptide levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Little evidence of heterogeneity by ethnicity of IDDM patients in the Colorado IDDM Registry was found. Ethnic differences in C-peptide levels may be related to differences in body fat distribution in females rather than heterogeneity of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80262.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Kostraba
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cruickshanks
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lawler-Heavner
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Klingensmith
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hamman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D002096:C-Peptide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; C024211:islet cell antibody