title: New hydroxyethylamine HIV protease inhibitors that suppress viral replication.
abstract: The synthesis of analogues of AcSerLeuAsn[Phe-HEA-Pro]IleValOMe (1, JG-365; where HEA stands for the hydroxyethylamine unit 2), a tight-binding inhibitor of HIVP, are reported. Systematic modification of the P3 and P3' regions of the inhibitors has led to smaller HIVP inhibitors that inhibit viral replication in HIV-infected and SIV-infected cell cultures. Six aliphatic and/or aromatic derivatives were prepared by replacing residues in the P3 regions of BocLeuAsn[Phe-HEA-Pro]IleValOMe. Aromatic side chains at P3 gave better inhibitors than aliphatic side chains. The better inhibitors in this series contained a beta-naphthylalanine or a biphenyl unit at P3. A second series of HIVP inhibitors were obtained by converting the P3 group into acyl groups. CbzAsn[Phe-HEA-Pro]IlePheOMe and Qua-Asn-[Phe-HEA-Pro]-Ile-Phe-OMe (where Qua = quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl) are potent HIVP inhibitors with Ki values equal to 1.0 and 0.1 nM, respectively. The inhibition constants were determined by using the continuous fluorometric assay developed by Toth and Marshall. The activities of the protease inhibitors for inhibition of SIV replication were determined in vitro using CEM x 174 cells. Inhibition of HIV infection was determined essentially as reported by Pauwels and co-workers. The anti-HIV assay was carried out in culture using CEM cells (a CD4+ lymphocyte line) infected with virus strain HTLV-IIIb with a multiplicity of infection of 0.1. Several analogues inhibited the cytopathic effect at concentrations of 0.1-0.8 microgram/mL. These results establish that good inhibitors of HIV protease that inhibit viral replication in infected lymphocytes in in vitro cell assays can be obtained from JG-365 when the AcSerLeu unit is replaced by aromatic acyl derivatives.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: C Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Houseman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malkovsky
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; C066511:JG 365