title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children after cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  From August 1982 to May 1991, 65 children (32 boys), 1 day to 14 years old, received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) 0-50 hours after cardiac surgery. Forty-four (67.7%) were weaned, with 23 (35.4%) survivors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of 29 pre-ECMO factors including diagnosis, age, sex, blood gas data, systemic pressures, atrial pressures, ventricular function, and renal function was performed. Preoperative systemic ventricular shortening fraction was statistically less in survivors. The need for dialysis and length of support were predictors of survival once ECMO was initiated. There were five late deaths 6 days to 5 years after discharge; none were related to ECMO. The remaining 18 patients have been followed for a mean of 37.5 months (range, 1-85 months). Seventeen are New York Heart Association functional class I, with one patient still hospitalized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECMO allows for myocardial recovery in the majority of patients with refractory postcardiotomy failure and permits some patients to survive who would not have otherwise.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Louis University Medical Center, MO 63110-0250.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Raithel
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Pennington
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boegner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate