title: Cellular and humoral immune responses in haemophiliacs after vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis.
abstract: The primary immune response to a viral antigen (tick-borne encephalitis, TBE) has been determined in haemophiliacs. Twelve HIV-negative and four clinically asymptomatic, HIV-positive haemophiliacs as well as 16 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Antibody responses after TBE vaccination were comparable in HIV-negative haemophiliacs and controls; however, antibody titres in HIV-infected haemophiliacs were significantly lower after completion of the three-dose vaccination schedule (geometric mean reciprocal antibody titres (SEM): controls, 193 (1.37), HIV-positive haemophiliacs, 13 (2.18), P < 0.005). TBE vaccination failed to induce a T cell proliferative response in the HIV-positive haemophiliacs. While in HIV-negative patients the antigen-specific lymphoproliferative responses after primary and one booster vaccination were comparable to those of the controls, cellular responses were decreased in HIV-negative haemophiliacs following a second booster immunization 19 months after primary immunization (3H-thymidine incorporation, delta dpm, mean +/- SEM: controls, 34662 +/- 7129, HIV-negative haemophiliacs, 14339 +/- 7420, P < 0.005). As the protective mechanisms for TBE infection are not yet completely understood, further work will be necessary to determine whether the decreased capacity to mount a sufficient long-term cellular memory response in HIV-negative haemophiliacs might be important for the protective effect of TBE vaccination in this population.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pum
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jáger
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: István
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mannhalter
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Eibl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004675:Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000276:immunology*; D002836:Hemophilia B / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D007136:Immunoglobulins