title: Cross-cultural differences in rating hyperactive-disruptive behaviors in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent to which the reported variations across countries in the prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are due to cultural differences among raters, the authors examined the degree to which mental health professionals in four countries differed in their ratings of hyperactive-disruptive behaviors in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mental health professionals from China (N = 8), Indonesia (N = 12), Japan (N = 9), and the United States (N = 8) rated the presence and degree of hyperactive-disruptive behaviors in standardized videotape vignettes of four 8-year-old boys participating in individual and group activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chinese and Indonesian clinicians gave significantly higher scores for hyperactive-disruptive behaviors than did their Japanese and American colleagues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that perceptions of hyperactivity vary significantly across countries even if uniform rating criteria are applied. Without correction for these perceptual differences, cross-cultural prevalence rates of hyperactivity may not be comparable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96826.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Humris
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chin
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014743:Videotape Recording