title: Increase in the D-dimer levels during treatment in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia.
abstract: Plasma concentration of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), PAI-2, D-dimer complex and urokinase-plasminogen activator (u-PA) activity were studied in 30 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL), before and during antileukemic therapy. Fifteen patients showed signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 10 of them classified as M3, 2 as M2 and 3 as M5 subtypes. The initial levels of TAT complex were elevated in all ANLL patients. This increase was more pronounced in patients with DIC (p less than 0.05). TAT increased significantly during the treatment period in all cases. u-PA and PAI-1 levels were elevated but there were no statistically significant differences between patients with and without DIC. PAI-2 levels were below the limit of detection in controls and in patients. However, the initially elevated D-dimer complex levels were significantly higher in DIC cases (p less than 0.01) and they increased during the treatment period. A significant and positive correlation between D-dimer and TAT complex values was found in DIC patients (r = 0.68, p less than 0.001). The high TAT complex and D-dimer levels further increased during chemotherapy treatment strongly suggest a hypercoagulable state with secondary activation of fibrinolysis not severe enough to manifest itself as clinically evident DIC in the majority of cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Reina Sofia Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castillo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis*; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 / Q000032:analysis; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D003561:Cytarabine; D000990:Antithrombin III; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D003630:Daunorubicin