title: Predictive equations for total lung capacity and residual volume calculated from radiographs in a random sample of the Michigan population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Published predicted values for total lung capacity and residual volume are often based on a small number of subjects and derive from different populations from predicted spirometric values. Equations from the only two large studies gave smaller predicted values for total lung capacity than the smaller studies. A large number of subjects have been studied from a population which has already provided predicted values for spirometry and transfer factor for carbon monoxide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total lung capacity was measured from standard posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs and forced vital capacity by spirometry in a population sample of 771 subjects. Prediction equations were developed for total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV) and RV/TLC in two groups--normal and total. Subjects with signs or symptoms of cardiopulmonary disease were combined with the normal subjects and equations for all subjects were also modelled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prediction equations for TLC and RV in non-smoking normal men and women were square root transformations which included height and weight but not age. They included a coefficient for duration of smoking in current smokers. The predictive equation for RV/TLC included weight, age, age and duration of smoking for current smokers and ex-smokers of both sexes. For the total population the equations took the same form but the height coefficients and constants were slightly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These population based prediction equations for TLC, RV and RV/TLC provide reference standards in a population that has provided reference standards for spirometry and single breath transfer factor for carbon monoxide.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kilburn
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Warshaw
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D011897:Random Allocation; D012015:Reference Standards; D012115:Residual Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012907:Smoking; D013147:Spirometry; D014109:Total Lung Capacity / Q000502:physiology*; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology