title: Tissue concentrations of cefepime in acute cholecystitis patients.
abstract: Cefepime is a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, and the Enterobacteriaceae. The purpose of this study was to measure cefepime concentrations in plasma, peritoneal fluid, bile fluid and appendix tissue in patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either cefepime, 2 g intravenously in phosphate buffer (IVPB) q 12 h or gentamicin 1.5 mg/kg IVPB q 8 h plus mezlocillin 4 g IVPB q 6 h. During surgery, gall bladder tissue, plasma, peritoneal fluid, and bile fluid samples were obtained at approximately the same time. Thirty-three patients had data acceptable for analysis. Values are given as mean +/- standard deviation. The mean delta time (defined as the time between the administration of cefepime and the time the samples were obtained) was 8.58 +/- 3.53 h. The values for plasma, peritoneal fluid, bile fluid, and gall bladder tissue concentrations were 7.63 +/- 14.17 micrograms/ml, 5.66 +/- 6.80 micrograms/ml, 15.51 +/- 16.94 micrograms/ml, and 5.36 +/- 6.57 micrograms/gm, respectively. The peritoneal fluid/plasma ratio was 2.10 +/- 2.33, the bile fluid/plasma ratio was 14.44 +/- 31.99, and the gall bladder tissue/plasma ratio was 1.44 +/- 1.82. There was a significant correlation between peritoneal fluid and plasma concentration (r = 0.91, p less than 0.0005), and gall bladder tissue and plasma concentration (r = 0.90, p less than 0.0005). There was no correlation between bile fluid and plasma cefepime concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from previous in vitro studies indicate that cefepime concentrations achieved in this patient population would be adequate against typical biliary tract pathogens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Nakahiro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Yellin
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Berne
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sclar
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Knupp
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Heseltine
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Appleman
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D000077723:Cefepime; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011292:Premedication; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D000077723:Cefepime