title: Coefficients of relationship by isonymy among registrations for five common cancers in Scottish males.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to assess the relative importance of genetic factors in carcinoma of the stomach, colon, rectum, prostate, and bladder in Scottish males.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cancer cases and controls were compared in terms of the coefficient of relationship by isonymy (Ri).
  
  
  METHODS
  Surname distributions for cancer cases were derived from the Scottish Cancer Register for the years 1959-85. Control distributions were derived from all births, marriages and deaths in Scotland for 1976.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis was carried out on a total of 60,933 cancer registrations and 101,836 births, marriages, and deaths over the 12 local government regions of Scotland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparisons of Ri within and between regions indicated that inherited susceptibility was of greatest importance in carcinoma of the prostate and colon, of intermediate importance in carcinoma of the rectum and stomach, and of minimal importance in carcinoma of the bladder. Familial aggregation of cancers was most pronounced in Highland, Tayside, and Borders Regions. For Highland, this appeared to be the result of region-specific familial influences, while Tayside and the Borders shared genetic factors contributing to cancer aetiology with neighbouring regions in south east Scotland.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surname analysis is a simple but useful tool for studying population genetic structure and its relationship to disease incidence.
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sofaer
mesh_terms: D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005192:Family Health; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*