title: Directed atraumatic coronary sinus cannulation for retrograde cardioplegia administration.
abstract: A simple method of coronary sinus cannulation for retrograde cardioplegia administration is described that reduces cardiac manipulation. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography is used to direct atraumatic coronary sinus cannulation, confirm the depth of insertion of the cannula tip in relation to the ostium, and reduce overall cannulation time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Massachusetts 02118-2398.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Aldea
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Connelly
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fonger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dobnick
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shemin
mesh_terms: D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004452:Echocardiography; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions