Efficacy of milbemycin oxime against experimentally induced Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala infections in dogs.
Twenty-eight helminth-naive Beagles, 16 to 26 weeks old, were inoculated with 200 third-stage larvae each of Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala 5 times at weekly intervals. Dogs were randomly allocated to 4 groups of 7 on the basis of fecal egg counts, and treatments were randomly assigned. Groups 1 and 3 were given milbemycin oxime at a dosage of 500 micrograms/kg of body weight, PO, on day 0 and on days 0 and 30, respectively; groups 2 and 4 were nontreated controls. Fecal egg counts were evaluated before and after treatments. Feces were collected daily for 7 days after the final treatment for recovery of worms passed, and all dogs were euthanatized 7 days after the final treatment for recovery of worms retained. A 65.7% reduction from the pretreatment value for geometric mean hookworm egg count was found 7 days after the first treatment, and a 97.1% reduction 7 days after the second treatment. Although milbemycin oxime had 96.5% and 99.5% controlled efficacy against A caninum after 1 or 2 treatments, respectively, it lacked efficacy against U stenocephala. The geometric mean number of U stenocephala and the total number of hookworms retained after 1 or 2 treatments were not significantly different from the numbers retained by the corresponding control groups.
Niamatali
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S
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6008.
Bhopale
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V
Schad
G A
GA
D000722:Ancylostoma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000723:Ancylostomatoidea / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000724:Ancylostomiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006725:Hookworm Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000469:parasitology; D018942:Macrolides; D008297:Male; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation
D000871:Anthelmintics; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018942:Macrolides; C027837:moxidectin