title: Normal range of motion of the cervical spine: an initial goniometric study.
abstract: The purposes of this study were (1) to determine normal values for cervical active range of motion (AROM) obtained with a "cervical-range-of-motion" (CROM) instrument on healthy subjects whose ages spanned 9 decades, (2) to determine whether age and gender affect six cervical AROMs, and (3) to examine the intratester and intertester reliability of measurements obtained. Measurements were made on 337 subjects (171 females and 166 males) whose ages ranged from 11 to 97 years. Measurements were taken by five physical therapists with 7 to 30 years of clinical and teaching experience. Among male and female subjects of the same age, females had a greater AROM than did males for all AROMs except neck flexion. Among both males and females, each of the six cervical AROMs decreased significantly with age. From two pilot studies separate from the acquisition of the normal database, we determined our intratester and intertester reliabilities for making neck AROM measurements with the CROM instrument. We concluded that AROM measurements on the cervical spine with the CROM instrument demonstrated good intratester and intertester reliability, because the intraclass correlation coefficients were generally greater than .80.
authors.affiliation: Physical Therapy Program, Mayo School of Health-Related Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Youdas
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Suman
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bogard
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Hallman
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Carey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics