title: Alterations in human enamel surface morphology following vital bleaching.
abstract: Extracted intact human teeth (n = 4) were treated for 30 days by three protocols: Home 1 (Proxigel, n = 4) for 8 hours daily, Home 2 (White & Bright, n = 4) for 24 hours with 3 minutes of stannous fluoride gel, or an Office protocol (n = 4) using 30% hydrogen peroxide (Superoxol) warmed by a high-intensity light while the controls remained untreated. "Home" bleaching agents contain approximately 10% carbamide peroxide. After treatment, the coronal surfaces were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 2000 power magnification, and the surface topography was measured by a profilometer. The SEM photomicrographs of the controls and office-treated groups were similar to previously reported descriptions, while the home bleached surfaces appeared similar to each other. Profilometric analysis was used to examine surface roughness and surface waviness. Mean surface roughness in microns was: control, 1.9; Home 1, 0.6; Home 2, 0.9; and Office, 0.6. Surface waviness was ranked control > office > Home 1 = Home 2. Enamel surface alterations were evident after the three bleaching methods. The differences between the office and home-treated surfaces were unrelated to the pH of the bleaching agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occlusion and Fixed Prosthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McGuckin
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Babin
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D003745:Dental Enamel Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010545:Peroxides / Q000009:adverse effects; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D014002:Tin Fluorides; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D014508:Urea / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D005782:Gels; D010545:Peroxides; D014002:Tin Fluorides; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide