title: [A clinical study on non-verbal psychotherapy in childhood and adolescence: a proposed classification and psychopathological considerations].
abstract: The author examined the therapeutic sequence of 37 child and adolescent cases of neurotic disorder in whom the non-verbal approach was successively taken for more than 6 months. The cases could be classified into two types, according to their choice of non-verbal methods: "simple type" cases, who chose only one method at all their therapeutic sessions and "mixed type" cases, who took various combinations of non-verbal methods during the period of psychotherapy. In "simple type" cases, premorbid character was usually introverted and emotionally stable. As for their family situations, their fathers were rather asthenic and their mothers often lacked emotional communication in child-rearing. Patients showed one or only few clinical symptoms. The therapeutic relationship with them was superficially calm and stable, and it was often difficult to deepen the emotional commitment further. In "mixed type" cases, on the other hand, premorbid character was emotionally often unstable. Their fathers tended to be away from home, and mothers were conspicuously overprotective and meddlesome. Their clinical symptoms were varied. In the therapeutic sessions, they often became dependent on therapists and, at the same time, ambivalent and unstable in certain conditions, showing dissatisfactions and reacting strongly against their therapists. The characteristics of these two types can be observed in relation to other clinical disorders. Regarding the development of interpersonal relationship and personality, it can be seen that the two types is derived from the different quality of the "sense of basic trust" of each patient acquired in early childhood. Based on the above findings, the author discussed a few psychopathological issues on his proposed classification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Denda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009497:Neurotic Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*