title: Comparison of silastic rings and electrocoagulation for laparoscopic tubal ligation under local anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare objectively the pain associated with tubal occlusion by Silastic rings versus electrocoagulation during laparoscopic tubal ligation under local anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients scheduled for laparoscopic tubal ligation under local anesthesia were randomized to Silastic rings (N = 50) or electrocoagulation (N = 52) as the method of tubal occlusion. Sterilization was performed under local anesthesia in a standard fashion. Bupivacaine 0.5% was used as the local anesthetic agent. Operative pain was measured based on intraoperative anesthesia requirements and a modified McGill pain questionnaire. This questionnaire was used to assess pain at 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographics were similar for the two groups. Operative time was shorter in the Silastic-ring group (16.7 versus 21.8 minutes; P = .001), and this group also required less intraoperative anesthesia (P = .004). There were no statistical differences between the groups in self-reported pain intraoperatively or postoperatively. No patient in either group required antiemetics or pain medication in the recovery room.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silastic rings appear preferable to bipolar electrocoagulation for laparoscopic tubal sterilization under local anesthesia when long-acting local agents are used for tubal anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee, Memphis.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lipscomb
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Stovall
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005187:Fallopian Tubes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D002045:Bupivacaine