title: Variations in blood flow to and from the bovine mammary gland measured using transit time ultrasound and dye dilution.
abstract: Blood flow across the lactating bovine mammary gland was measured by two techniques. The use of transit time flow probes appeared to give flows which correlated well with dye dilution in only one of five cows, although the relative changes in flow were similar between the techniques in four of the cows. Further studies were made on the effect of posture on mammary blood flow using both techniques. The crossover of venous blood from one side of the mammary gland was also studied using the dye dilution technique, and revealed large differences between animals and also with posture. These observations suggest that particular care should be taken when sampling blood from the milk vein of cows, if a representative sample is required. Changes in blood flow with posture may be indicative of a repartitioning of flow within the body, and the physiology of such a mechanism would be of interest in itself. The control of this mechanism may be useful in modifying blood flow to the mammary gland and thus milk yield, since blood flow is related to the level of milk production.
authors.affiliation: AFRC Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Hurley Research Station, Maidenhead, Berkshire.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Metcalf
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sutton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004395:Dye Dilution Technique; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000098:blood supply*; D011187:Posture; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000662:veterinary*; D010130:p-Aminohippuric Acid
chemical_list: D010130:p-Aminohippuric Acid