title: Pentoxifylline preserves small-intestine microvascular blood flow during bacteremia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal mucosal ischemia with subsequent mucosal dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ongoing sepsis and multiple systems organ failure. We have previously reported vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion in the intestinal microcirculation during sepsis. Efforts to improve microcirculatory blood flow during sepsis may lead to more effective treatment or prevention of multiple systems organ failure. Pentoxifylline improves survival and visceral organ perfusion in experimental sepsis and hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pentoxifylline would improve microvascular blood flow in the small intestine during bacteremia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo videomicroscopy was used to quantitate alterations of the small-intestine microcirculation during Escherichia coli bacteremia in rats pretreated with either intravenous pentoxifylline or saline solution. Systemic hemodynamic and microvascular variables were measured every 15 minutes for 2 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tachycardia and increased cardiac output developed in bacteremic rats while they remained normotensive. Intestinal vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion occurred in bacteremic rats treated with saline solution. Microvessel diameters and blood flow remained within 5% to 10% of baseline in bacteremic rats pretreated with pentoxifylline. Pentoxifylline in nonbacteremic rats resulted in intestinal vasodilation and increased blood flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pentoxifylline prevented small-intestine vasoconstriction and preserved microvascular blood flow during hyperdynamic sepsis. Pentoxifylline in nonbacteremic rats increased microvascular blood flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, KY 40292.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Steeb
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Garrison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010431:Pentoxifylline