title: Comparison of two new immobilization collars.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the limitation of movement of four cervical collars, with emphasis on two new extrication collars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ranges of motion permitted by four extrication collars, measured by two goniometric techniques, were compared. Times required to apply each collar were noted and compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a laboratory setting, volunteers were asked to flex, extend, laterally bend, and rotate their necks, first without restriction and then with each of the collars applied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were healthy volunteers who worked either in the Department of Physical Therapy or in the Emergency Department of Tulane Medical Center Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  The collars used were the Nec-Loc Extrication Collar, Philadelphia Collar, Philadelphia Red EM Collar with Immobilizer, and Vacuum Splint Cervical Collar.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements were performed first using the head goniometer and then the hand-held goniometer. Time required for application was measured in seconds. Statistical evaluation was performed using repeated measure analysis of variance and then Newman-Keuls multiple comparison procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Vacuum Splint Cervical Collar restricted range of motion of the cervical spine most effectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A cervical collar with design characteristics similar to the Vacuum Splint Cervical Collar (ie, a rigid collar that incorporates part of the thorax) will restrict movement of the neck more effectively than shorter, less rigid collars.
authors.affiliation: Tulane University Medical Center, Emergency Department, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: McSwain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mercer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D008297:Male; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013165:Splints