title: Magnetic susceptibility artifact in spin-echo MR imaging of the pituitary gland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the magnetic susceptibility effect on spin-echo MR images of the pituitary gland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Air-in-water phantom experiments and studies in normal volunteers were performed using various sampling bandwidth (8.3-33.3 kHz) spin-echo sequences with the polarity of the readout gradient normal or reversed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attachment of a sphenoid septum to the sellar floor was the major factor in the appearance of the inferior surface of the pituitary gland. Patterns of distortion and/or artifactual signal intensities, related to the presence or absence of the attachment, were accentuated on the images with narrower bandwidth. A "spearhead shape" deformity of the sphenoid sinus was observed both in the air-in-water phantom experiment, and when no sphenoid septum was present. When a sphenoid septum was present, two spearhead shapes side by side were present. High-intensity artifacts were seen where the sellar floor was misplaced into the pituitary gland.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of the patterns of distortion and high-intensity artifact is important in the diagnosis of pituitary lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kozuka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013100:Sphenoid Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology