title: Changes in the bacterial flora of the upper and lower respiratory tracts and bronchoalveolar lavage differential cell counts in feedlot calves treated for respiratory diseases.
abstract: Serial nasopharyngeal swab and bronchoalveolar lavage cultures were used to estimate changes in the bacterial flora of the respiratory tracts of calves during the first month after arrival in the feedlot. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) differential cell counts served to evaluate pulmonary inflammatory changes during this period. Two groups of calves were studied, one consisting of clinically normal controls (n = 60), the other, of cases (n = 59) which received treatment for respiratory disease (penicillin +/- trimethoprimsulfadoxine). A variety of organisms, including Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella haemolytica, Haemophilus somnus, Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma bovirhinis, were present in the upper and lower airways of both groups during the postarrival period. With the exception of M. bovis, an overall decline in the prevalence of these organisms was observed during the course of the study. In cases, there was a marked decrease in the number of Pasteurella spp. and H. somnus isolates immediately following treatment. For the Pasteurella spp., however, this effect was shortlived as they often appeared to recolonize the respiratory tract within eight days of terminating antimicrobial therapy. Treatment did not appear to affect the frequency of isolating M. bovis. Its prevalence, in both groups of calves, increased to levels approaching 100% during the course of the study. All Pasteurella spp. isolates were tested for susceptibility to several commonly used antimicrobials. Resistance was only evident among P. haemolytica isolated from cases and in every instance this was to a combination of penicillin, ampicillin and tetracycline. Significantly more isolates were resistant after treatment than before. There were BAL differential cell count abnormalities indicative of inflammation in both cases and controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viel
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Bateman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosendal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D002452:Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006190:Haemophilus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D010325:Pasteurella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000382:microbiology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013413:Sulfadoxine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010406:Penicillins; C000301:trimethoprim, sulfadoxine drug combination; D013413:Sulfadoxine; D014295:Trimethoprim