title: Synthesis and conformational properties of the lanthionine-bridged opioid peptide [D-AlaL2,AlaL5]enkephalin as determined by NMR and computer simulations.
abstract: We report the synthesis and conformational analysis by means of NMR and computer simulations of a novel opioid peptide with the sequence [formula: see text], which we write as [formula: see text], abbreviated [D-AlaL2,L-AlaL5]EA, where AlaL denotes each of the lanthionine amino acid ends linked by a monosulfide bridge and EA indicates enkephalinamide. Data from 2D NMR (HOHAHA and ROESY) provide short-range NOEs that are used as constraints in molecular modeling; measurement of coupling constants shows that chi 1 (D-AlaL2) is predominantly in either the t or g- conformation, and temperature coefficient data suggest the participation of the AlaL5 amide proton in an intramolecular hydrogen bond. The use of NOE and hydrogen-bond constraints in a distance-geometry program yields a large number of initial conformations compatible with the data. Energy minimization of these structures using CHARMM results in three families of backbone ring conformations, labled A1, A2, and B. The torsion chi 1 in D-AlaL2 remains close to trans for all three conformations. Molecular dynamics in vacuo at 300 K show that these three families of conformers interconvert, with concerted shifts in two of the three torsions psi(Phe), phi(AlaL5), and chi(AlaL5). The [D-AlaL2,L-AlaL5]EA is superactive in the guinea pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) in vitro tests and also in the rat hot plate test in vivo. At the same time, this analog with a constrained 13-membered ring shows virtually no selectivity with a ratio IC50 (MVD)/IC50 (GPI) of 0.882.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polinsky
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toy-Palmer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Osapay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goodman
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000700:Analgesics / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004745:Enkephalins; C077718:enkephalinamide, Ala(2,5)-