title: Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus. A differential diagnosis of neonatal seizures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe 10 infants with benign neonatal sleep myoclonus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient series, representing the experience of one pediatric neurologist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Referral-based Pediatric Neurology Service at a Children's Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequential sample of 10 neonates referred for assessment of seizures and found to have benign neonatal sleep myoclonus. Neonates who did not have the events of concern during electroencephalography or in whom electroencephalography was not done were excluded even if the clinical features suggested the entity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our patients met the criteria for the diagnosis. The myoclonus often increased with gentle restraint. The amplitude and duration of events mimicked convulsive status epilepticus and serial seizures in four neonates. In two of them the myoclonus worsened in spite of anticonvulsant therapy, decreasing substantially when such treatment was stopped.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus, an entity characterized by (1) neonatal onset, (2) myoclonic jerks only during sleep, (3) abrupt and consistent cessation with arousal, (4) absence of concomitant electrographic changes suggestive of seizures, and (5) good outcome must be included in the differential diagnosis of neonatal seizures.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daoust-Roy
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Seshia
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D004831:Epilepsies, Myoclonic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D012890:Sleep