title: Leucocyte migration: effects of in vitro exposure to anaesthetic agents: possible potentiation of effects by adrenaline.
abstract: The effect on in vitro migration of leucocytes and lymphocytes of various drugs used in anaesthesia have been determined in the concentration range 10(-2) to 10(-6) M. The drugs included, thiopentone, bupivacaine, lignocaine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, hydrocortisone, morphine (with and without preservative), lorazepam, suxamethonium, pancuronium and atropine. Toxicity and effect on random mobility after incubation for 1 and 18 h were also determined. Thiopentone depressed leucocyte function at a concentration of 10(-5) M which is comparable to clinical plasma concentrations. Increasing the duration of exposure of the cells to the drugs significantly lowered the concentrations at which depression of function was observed. At concentrations used during local infiltration in clinical practice, bupivacaine and lignocaine were toxic to both leucocytes and lymphocytes. Adrenaline, whilst having no direct effect on cell function, potentiated the effect of lignocaine. Morphine showed no effect at 10(-4) M, a level 1,000 times greater than the reported toxic plasma levels. However, this level falls within the range reported for drug addicts. No effects were found for the other drugs.
authors.affiliation: North East Wales Institute, Connah's Quay, Clwyd, UK.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Gower
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002464:Cell Migration Inhibition; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000494:pharmacology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010197:Pancuronium / Q000494:pharmacology; D013390:Succinylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013874:Thiopental / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D009020:Morphine; D001285:Atropine; D008012:Lidocaine; D013390:Succinylcholine; D010197:Pancuronium; D013874:Thiopental; D008140:Lorazepam; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine