title: The self-defining critical group and its application to a measured check of the derived limit for 125I in drinking water.
abstract: Using a series of daily measurements of 125I in the drinking water of North Surrey, England, from November 1988 through May 1990, the accumulated activities in the thyroids of adults drinking such water were calculated on the assumption that the fraction of ingested iodine taken up by the thyroid was f = 0.3 and the tap water consumption was C = 600 L y-1. These figures were compared with measured values of 125I activities in 42 thyroids taken at necropsy from residents in the North Surrey area who were dying during this same time period. Eight thyroids (19%) had measured activities greater than predicted, so they were named the self-defining critical group. After comparing the thyroid with the drinking water activity, the current generalized derived limit for 125I in the drinking water may be too high by a factor of 2. The reason for this appears to be the use of f = 0.3 which is the mean value for the "normal" population. Models involving critical groups should use values of parameters different from the mean. In the present case, making f = 0.6 would remove the discrepancy between measurement and prediction and would be in reasonable accord with measured distributions of f.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Biology, Medical College of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bowlt
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Howe
mesh_terms: D004326:Drinking; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D011159:Population Surveillance; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014878:Water Pollution, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes