title: Tissue suction of the male and female breast.
abstract: Liposuction has been used either alone or combined with resection for the correction of male and female breast deformities. The majority of the 32 patients in our study were treated for gynecomastia (69%). Other indications were Madelung's disease, gender dysphoria, asymmetry, hypertrophy, postburn and postreconstruction deformities. In 54% of the gynecomastia cases, suction alone gave a satisfactory result. In all but one male patient suction permitted us to avoid incisions other than periareolar incisions. Thirteen aspirates from gynecomastias and three glands resected secondarily after suction were examined histologically. All aspirates included glandular tissue. We conclude that breast tissue is accessible to the suction cannula, and that this is a valuable tool for correcting gynecomastia and for use in many aesthetic procedures on female patients.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Plastische Chirurgie, Kliniken der Stadt Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grandel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spilker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015187:Lipectomy; D008297:Male; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*