title: Coping with the threat of AIDS: the role of social support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There has been relatively little clinical research on how asymptomatic HIV-positive men cope with the threat of AIDS. The present study was intended to 1) describe the coping strategies used by asymptomatic HIV-positive homosexual men, 2) examine the relationship of coping to dysphoria and self-esteem, and 3) explore how race and social support correlate with coping.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group was composed of 52 asymptomatic HIV-positive homosexual men. A group of 53 HIV-negative homosexual men was used for descriptive comparison. Data on coping, social support, dysphoria, and self-esteem came from self-report measures; depression was also determined by interviews with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors found that 1) subjects primarily coped with the threat of AIDS by adopting a fighting spirit, reframing stress to maximize personal growth, planning a course of action, and seeking social support; 2) more helpless coping, less fighting spirit, and less personal growth were related to dysphoria and poor self-esteem, whereas denial was related to more depression, anger, and helpless coping; 3) satisfaction with one's social support networks and participation in the AIDS community were related to more healthy coping strategies (e.g., fighting spirit, personal growth); and 4) black subjects expressed more denial, more helplessness, and less social support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that health professionals should encourage more adaptive coping strategies, help patients use existing sources of positive social support, and assist patients, particularly black patients, in finding community support networks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7160.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leserman
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000523:psychology; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000523:psychology*; D006716:Homosexuality / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support