title: Mechanisms for dominance: Adh heterodimer formation in heterozygotes between ENU or X-ray induced null alleles and normal alleles in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: To study mechanisms for dominance of phenotype, eight ENU- and four X-ray-induced mutations at the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) locus were analyzed for partial dominance in their interaction with normal alleles. All ENU and one of the X-ray mutations were single base substitutions; the other three X-ray mutations were 9-21 base deletions. All but one of the 12 mutant alleles were selected for this study because they produced detectable mutant polypeptides, but seven of the 11 producing a peptide could not form dimers with the normal peptide and the enzyme activity of heterozygotes was about half that of normal homozygotes. Four mutations formed dimers with a decreased catalytic efficiency and two of these were near the limit of detectability; these two also inhibited the formation of normal homodimers. The mutant alleles therefore show multiple mechanisms leading to partial enzyme expression in heterozygotes and a wide range of dominance ranging from almost complete recessive to nearly dominant. All amino acid changes in mutant peptides that form dimers are located between amino acids 182 and 194, so this region is not critical for dimerization. It may, however, be an important surface domain for catalyzation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Mutagenesis, Department of Zoology and Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70808.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea; D015870:Gene Expression; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005799:Genes, Dominant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D017344:Genes, Insect / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006579:Heterozygote; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea