Lead poisoning: II. Biological standards for occupational lead exposure--where do we stand now?
Lead poisoning is an occupational and environmental disease of great public health concern. During the past two decades major efforts have been made in many countries to minimize exposure to lead both in the occupational and general environment. Blood lead concentrations at which adverse effects can be detected have become progressively lower. Despite legislation concerning medical surveillance of lead-exposed workers and improvement in environmental control measures that took place during the 1980s, review of recent surveillance data indicates that excessive lead absorption among workers is still a problem in Israel. An approach is suggested for the reporting of surveillance data that will provide safety managers with the information necessary for introducing effective environmental control measures.
Richter
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ED
Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
Fischbein
A
A
D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000592:standards*; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D007854:Lead; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000097:blood*
D011524:Protoporphyrins; C017803:zinc protoporphyrin; D007854:Lead