title: The effect of elbow flexion and time of assessment on the measurement of grip strength in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Grip strength is one of the traditional outcome measures commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis trials. This study evaluated the degree of morning variation and the effect of elbow flexion in the assessment of grip strength in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Grip strength was measured in 37 patients (1987 American Rheumatism Association criteria) at 8, 10, and 12 AM with a sphygmomanometer cuff folded on itself, taped permanently, and inflated to 20 mm Hg, with the elbow flexed at 90 degrees. At 10 AM grip strength was also measured with the elbow flexed at 30 and 130 degrees. Mean values for grip strength at 8, 10, and 12 AM were, respectively, 69, 79, and 83 mm Hg. Mean grip strength values with the elbow flexed at 30, 90, and 130 degrees were, respectively, 78, 79, and 75 mm Hg. There was a statistically significant correlation between grip strength and morning stiffness, grip strength and hand function, and grip strength and number of active joints. In rheumatoid arthritis trials, grip strength should be assessed at the same time of the day. Elbow flexion does not play a role in grip strength measurement.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ciconelli
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Atra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004550:Elbow / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors