title: Janusin: new molecular design for bispecific reagents.
abstract: It is well established that soluble CD4 (sCD4) inhibits HIV infection in vitro, regardless of the virus strain or genetic variant. Most effective molecules, thus far, based on sCD4 are those in which CD4 is combined with immunoglobulin constant regions (CD4-IgG or CD4-IgM). Such molecules maintained HIV-gp120 specificity mediated by CD4 and also antibody effector functions such as complement activation, Fc receptor binding, long serum half-life or transport across the placental barrier. We have now developed sCD4 molecules which are even more potent anti-HIV reagents. These molecules are based on the principle of bispecific antibodies and they have properties capable of retargeting cytotoxic T lymphocytes onto HIV-infected cells and inducing efficient killing. CD4 combined with anti-human CD3 (FvCD3) single-chain combining site has been produced (CD4-FvCD3-JANUSIN). This molecule shows the expected biological activities, namely, binding to the 2 ligands, human CD3 and gp120, also efficiently retargeting CTLs of any specificity onto HIV-infected cells. In addition, several advantages over classical bispecific antibodies can be achieved: only one polypeptide, not a mixture containing the desired product, is produced, thus simplifying the purification process. In addition, Janusin designs do not contain the Ig Fc portion, which could mediate illegitimate retargeting of T-cells. In addition to CD4-FvCD3-JANUSIN, receptor-Fv, Fv-Fv or ligand-Fv Janusins can be produced.
authors.affiliation: Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Traunecker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanzavecchia
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karjalainen
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001666:Binding Sites, Antibody; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology*; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D015195:Drug Design; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D012995:Solubility; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D017252:CD3 Complex; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D011961:Receptors, Fc; D011994:Recombinant Proteins