title: 20 years of functional reconstructive surgery in bladder exstrophy--balance 10 years after a preliminary report.
abstract: This is an update of a consecutive series of 19 patients with bladder exstrophy presented as a preliminary report 10 years ago with a follow-up of 6 years. The average time of follow-up now is 14 years. In difference to the former report several additional procedures have been performed in most patients. 3 early "good" patients stay "good and continent". Only 3 out of 5 patients categorized as "fair" are now "good and continent" and only one without further intervention. 3 out of 6 patients who were classified as "poor" are now diverted. The overall rate of secondary diversions is 40% including 2 patients with ureterosigmoidostomies. All patients have normal renal function and normal blood pressures. These results show that an early "good" result generally remains "good" but additional surgery may be warranted. The initially "fair" results usually necessitate a secondary procedure, e.g. augmentation cystoplasty or/and bladder neck tightening to show an improvement. Patients with early "poor" results unfortunately remain "poor" and have a great chance to get diverted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sacher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwöbel
authors.forename: U G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Stauffer
mesh_terms: D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000601:surgery*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods; D014567:Urography