title: Bipolar latissimus dorsi transposition and functional neuromuscular stimulation to restore elbow flexion in an individual with C4 quadriplegia and C5 denervation.
abstract: A bipolar latissimus dorsi transposition was performed on a 17-year-old male patient with a C4 spinal cord injury and complete peripheral denervation at C5. Electrical stimulation of the paralyzed but excitable latissimus dorsi provided elbow flexion that could not be achieved with the paralyzed and denervated elbow flexors. The muscle was attached from the coracoid to the ulna allowing the elbow to be flexed with the forearm and wrist maintained in the neutral position. Following a 6-week immobilization period, the transposed muscle was exercised daily with intramuscular stimulation to increase both strength and endurance. By the fourth month after surgery, the subject could control elbow flexion proportionally with contralateral shoulder elevation using a shoulder position transducer. Functionally, the subject was able to use the neuroprosthetic system to bring his hand to his mouth and feed himself with the aid of a universal cuff and a support to stabilize the shoulder.
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospitals for Crippled Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19152.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mulcahey
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Triolo
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moynahan
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Keith
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peckham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003714:Denervation; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005542:Forearm; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000637:transplantation*; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000601:surgery