title: [Atropine versus glycopyrrolate in eye surgery. A comparison of rhythm disorders and heart frequency using Holter-ECG].
abstract: Anticholinergics are indicated in ophthalmic surgery to inhibit oculocardiac reflexes (OCR). Although all anticholinergics exert an arrhythmic effect, comparative data on occurrence and severity of arrhythmias are not available. The aim of this investigation was to compare atropine (A) and glycopyrrolate (G) in adults undergoing ophthalmic surgery. One hundred patients (ASA class I and II, age range 20-60 yrs.) were given equipotent doses of either A (10 micrograms.kg-1) or G (5 micrograms.kg-1) in a randomized, double-blind fashion, before induction of anaesthesia. Continuous Holter monitoring was performed. The procedure was divided into the following phases: O (5 min before drug), I (5 min after drug), II (up to induction), III (induction until intubation), IV (intubation until operation), V (operation). Supraventricular, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias were analyzed. Severe arrhythmia was judged to be greater than 5 events per min, or ventricular beats Lown classes III-V. The beat to beat analog signal was digitalized. The heart rate (HR) and the occurrence rate of OCR (greater than 20% decrease in heart rate, arrhythmias) was calculated by a computerized program. Analysed were: 1. the frequency of OCR, 2. the mean HR for each phase, 3. the frequency of all the various arrhythmias during the whole period, 4. as well as for each phase. The number of patients with severe arrhythmias 5. either for all the time or 6. for the individual phase were registered separately. There were no differences 1. in the frequency of OCR and 2. in mean HR during all phases between A and G.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anaesthesiologie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schywalsky
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Naujoks
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Danner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hauschild
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001285:Atropine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012024:Reflex, Oculocardiac / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001285:Atropine; D006024:Glycopyrrolate
vernacular_title: Atropin versus Glycopyrrolat bei ophthalmochirurgischen Eingriffen. Vergleich der Rhythmusstörungen und der Herzfrequenz mit Holter-EKG.