title: Color flow imaging in children with clinically suspected testicular torsion.
abstract: 32 boys with symptoms of an acute scrotum had testicular sonography with color flow imaging (CFI). Patients ranged in age from 4-15 years (avg = 11 yrs). Symptoms were present from 12 h to 5 days (avg = 42 hrs). CFI correctly predicted presence or absence of testicular perfusion in 11 boys who had surgical exploration of the scrotum. 8 of these 11 patients had hemorrhagic infarction of the testicle, 1 had torsion of the appendix epididymis, 1 had epididymitis, and 1 had bilateral incomplete torsions with normal testicular perfusion. The remaining 21 patients did not have an operation. At least a 1 year follow-up of all patients has shown no clinical evidence of testicular atrophy to suggest a missed diagnosis of torsion. Absence or markedly decreased testicular flow was easily identified and indicates testicular ischemia/infarction. Conversely, hyperemia of the testis and/or epididymis is usually associated with trauma or infection. However, incomplete torsion or spontaneous detorsion may demonstrate normal testicular flow on CFI. Only close correlation of clinical symptomatology and gray scale findings with CFI can identify these patients, who remain at high risk for subsequent complete torsion and infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Meza
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Amundson
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Aquilina
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reitelman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply; D014463:Ultrasonography