title: Trends in anthropometric measurements among Mescalero Apache Indian preschool children. 1968 through 1988.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if there were trends in underweight, short stature, and obesity among 1- through 5-year-old Mescalero (NM) Apache Indian children from 1968 through 1988.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional review of hospital clinic charts for five cohorts.
  
  
  METHODS
  General pediatric outpatient clinic at the Mescalero Indian Health Service Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine patients aged 1 through 5 years in 1968, 1973, 1978, 1983, or 1988 for whom weight and height were recorded during a well-child visit that occurred in the respective year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Approximately half the charts were screened for eligibility through systematic sampling for all years except 1988; for 1988 all available charts were screened for eligibility for the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found trends of decreasing prevalence of both underweight (defined as weight-for-height below the fifth percentile) and short stature (defined as height-for-age below the fifth percentile) based on the Centers for Disease Control/World Health Organization growth reference. We found no secular trends in obesity (weight-for-height above the 95th percentile), although the prevalences throughout the 21-year period were as much as two to four times higher than expected when compared with the Centers for Disease Control/World Health Organization reference. There has been an upward shift in both weight-for-height and height-for-age distributions since 1968, indicating that Mescalero children today are, on average, heavier and taller.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Underweight and short stature decreased among Mescalero preschool children from 1968 through 1988, suggesting nutritional improvements. However, given the current high prevalence of obesity, it is recommended that surveillance of nutritional status be continued and appropriate interventions be developed to treat and prevent obesity in this population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Hauck
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gallaher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang-Oshida
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Serdula
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001827:Body Height; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D007223:Infant; D008403:Mass Screening; D009516:New Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D013851:Thinness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States; D016549:United States Indian Health Service