title: The carcinogenicity of some antimalarial drugs using the Egyptian toad Bufo regularis as a biological test animal.
abstract: Feeding Egyptian toads (Bufo regularis) with chloroquine and primaquine separately induced tumor formation in 14% and 19% of the animals, respectively. When chloroquine and primaquine were given in combination, the tumor incidence increased to 23.5%. Chloroquine feeding resulted in tumors located in the liver (lymphosarcomas) and primaquine in tumors in the kidney (histiocytic sarcomas). Toads fed chloroquine plus primaquine developed tumors in the liver, kidney, lung, and urinary bladder, and all the tumors were diagnosed as histiocytic sarcomas. It is speculated that one or more metabolites of chloroquine and primaquine (e.g., quinone) may be responsible for tumor induction in the toads.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: el-Mofty
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Khudoley
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sakr
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Abdel-Gawad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000009:adverse effects; D002025:Bufonidae; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011319:Primaquine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012513:Sarcoma, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D004338:Drug Combinations; D002738:Chloroquine; D011319:Primaquine