title: The muscularis mucosae of the human urinary bladder. Implications for tumor staging on biopsies.
abstract: The human urinary bladder wall is traditionally described as being without a muscularis mucosae. A consecutive one year material of 772 bladder biopsies from 171 patients were examined for the proposed presence of lamina muscularis mucosae (MM). MM was observed in 15% of the biopsies and in 35% of the patients and graded into three patterns according to its continuity. Biopsies with transitional cell carcinomas were reviewed in order to find out whether MM-positive biopsies had been staged correctly. The data are discussed in relation to earlier studies on the subject.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anagnostaki
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Braendstrup
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D006801:Humans; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*