title: Enhanced follicle regulatory protein levels accompany reinitiation of ovulatory function after parturition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the changes in follicle regulatory protein, estrone-3-glucuronide, pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, and luteinizing hormone levels in first-morning urine samples from postpartum, fully breast-feeding women to characterize the reemergence of these urinary hormones after pregnancy ovarian quiescence and early postpartum period and to determine whether follicle regulatory protein could be used prospectively to predict the return of fertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five hundred urine samples collected from six postpartum women were evaluated. Daily urine samples collected from normally cycling women were used to establish normal urinary hormone and hormone metabolite cyclicity. Luteinizing hormone, estrone-3-glucuronide, and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Follicle regulatory protein level was assayed with a double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although follicle regulatory protein levels were found to be very low or undetectable in early postpartum urine, they began to rise with episodes of estrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide secretion. A chi 2 analysis suggests that increasing urinary follicle regulatory protein levels are most closely associated with the luteal phase of the first menstrual cycles in postpartum women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that follicle regulatory protein is of little value in predicting either the onset of renewed ovarian activity or the fertile period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Albertson
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Tomai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nolan-Watson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zinaman
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: DiZerega
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004970:Estrone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000502:physiology*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000652:urine; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000652:urine*; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011276:Pregnanediol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010455:Peptides; C018355:intraovarian peptides; C022270:pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide; C015856:estrone-3-glucuronide; D004970:Estrone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D011276:Pregnanediol