title: Eosinophil transendothelial migration induced by cytokines. I. Role of endothelial and eosinophil adhesion molecules in IL-1 beta-induced transendothelial migration.
abstract: IL-1 beta promotes adhesiveness in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HuVEC) for eosinophils through expression of adhesion molecules including intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Using an in vitro endothelial monolayer system, we examined whether IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha can promote eosinophil transendothelial migration. We also evaluated the contributions of ICAM-1, E-selectin, VCAM-1, leukocyte adhesion complex (CD11/18), and very late Ag-4 (CD11b/18) (VLA-4) in this process using blocking mAb, and determined the changes in expression of CD11b and L-selectin on eosinophils that had undergone transmigration. IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha treatment of HuVEC (4 h, 5 ng/ml) induced significant transendothelial migration of eosinophils (a 4.1 +/- 0.4-fold (IL-1 beta) and 2.0 +/- 0.9-fold (TNF-alpha) increase from the spontaneous value of 3.2 +/- 0.3%). Increased CD11b expression and shedding of L-selectin were observed on eosinophils following IL-1 beta-induced eosinophil transendothelial migration. Studies with mAb revealed that blockade of either ICAM-1 or CD11/18 inhibited transmigration, while antibodies against VCAM-1 and VLA-4 had no inhibitory effect. Among antibodies which block beta 2 integrins, anti-CD18 mAb had the best inhibitory effect (88% inhibition). The combined inhibitory effect of anti-CD11a mAb and anti-CD11b mAb was roughly equal to that of anti-CD18, although anti-CD11a (31% inhibition) and anti-CD11b (52% inhibition) were less effective individually. Anti-ICAM-1 by itself inhibited IL-1 beta-induced eosinophil transendothelial migration (24% inhibition) whereas neither anti-E-selectin nor anti-VCAM-1 were effective inhibitors. Interestingly, the combination of anti-E-selectin and anti-VCAM-1 with anti-ICAM-1 inhibited IL-1 beta-induced eosinophil transendothelial migration significantly better (53% inhibition) than anti-ICAM-1 alone. These results suggest that although the initial attachment of eosinophils to IL-1 beta-activated endothelial cells involves VCAM-1, E-selectin, and ICAM-1, the subsequent transendothelial migration process relies heavily on ICAM-1 and CD11/18. Finally, the changes that eosinophils have been observed to undergo during infiltration in vivo, namely increased expression of CD11/18 and shedding of L-selectin, appear to take place as a direct result of the interaction between eosinophils and endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD 21224.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebisawa
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Bochner
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Georas
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Schleimer
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000502:physiology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000502:physiology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha