title: Scapulothoracic motion in normal shoulders and shoulders with glenohumeral instability and impingement syndrome. A study using Moiré topographic analysis.
abstract: Qualitative visual inspection and manual muscle testing are traditional methods of evaluation that may overlook subtle weakness of the axioscapular musculature. A modification of the standard technique of Moiré topographic analysis of spinal deformity was applied to assess axioscapular muscle function in 51 subjects: 22 asymptomatic individuals, 22 with shoulder instability, and seven with impingement syndrome. Static Moiré evaluation demonstrated scapulothoracic asymmetry or increased topography in 14% of asymptomatic subjects, compared with 32% and 57% in the instability and impingement groups, respectively. The dynamic Moiré test demonstrated an abnormal Moiré pattern in 18% of asymptomatic individuals, compared with 64% and 100% in the instability and impingement groups, respectively. Axioscapular muscle dysfunction is common with both instability and impingement syndrome of the shoulder, although it remains to be determined whether this represents a primary or secondary phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Micheli
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Arslanian
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D015903:Moire Topography / Q000379:methods*; D009068:Movement; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology