Social inequities in cardiovascular disease risk factors in East and West Germany.
Social class related differences in prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Germany were investigated with special emphasis on comparisons between East and West Germany and on time trends. Databases for West Germany are the first and second National Health Survey (survey 1: N = 4794, survey 2: N = 5315), carried out in the framework of the German Cardiovascular Prevention Study, and for East Germany the first GDR-MONICA project (N = 6125). Different social class indices were applied to evaluate social inequities for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoking, obesity and predicted cardiovascular disease mortality. As a main result, it was found that very similar patterns in the relation between social class characteristics and cardiovascular disease risk factor prevalence occurred for both parts of Germany. Social class gradients were strongest for obesity and weakest for hypercholesterolemia. Analysis of time trends for the period from 1984 to 1988 (for West Germany only) revealed an increase in social inequalities for hypertension in males and cigarette smoking in females. These findings point to the need to focus more on social disadvantaged segments in the population when community based health promotion and disease prevention programs are brought into action.
Helmert
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Department of Epidemiology, Bremen Institute for Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Germany.
Mielck
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Classen
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D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005859:Germany, East; D005860:Germany, West; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012923:Social Class