title: The magnetic immuno polymerase chain reaction assay for direct detection of salmonellae in fecal samples.
abstract: Direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection with fecal specimens is hampered by inhibitory compounds, such as bilirubin and bile salts. These fecal compounds showed significant inhibition of PCR at low concentrations (10 to 50 micrograms/ml). For direct PCR analysis, fecal samples must be diluted 500-fold to overcome inhibition. Therefore, the magnetic immuno PCR assay (MIPA), which combines immunomagnetic separation by using specific monoclonal antibodies and PCR, was used to directly detect salmonellae in feces from humans. Immunomagnetically extracted stool samples needed to be diluted only 10-fold when 1 microgram of T4 gene 32 protein was added to the PCR. The MIPA sensitivity obtained was 10(5) CFU/ml of feces. A panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for Salmonella serogroups A to E was used to extract salmonellae from clinical samples. MIPA detection of salmonellae occurred with 11 out of 14 stool samples stored at 4 degrees C for 2 months. MIPA detection of salmonellae in stool samples is a promising, fast method for detection and identification.
authors.affiliation: Eijkman Winkler Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Widjojoatmodjo
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Fluit
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torensma
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Verdonk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhoef
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012703:Serotyping
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal