title: Changes in coagulation and anticoagulation in women taking low-dose triphasic oral contraceptives: a controlled comparative 12-month clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of two triphasic oral contraceptives on coagulation and anticoagulation factors were compared in a 12-month open-label study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two women (mean age 26 years) were enrolled in and completed the study; 20 had been randomly assigned to receive levonorgestrel plus ethinyl estradiol, 24 had been randomly assigned to receive norethindrone plus ethinyl estradiol, and eight surgically sterile women acted as untreated controls. Coagulation and anticoagulation factors were measured at baseline and during the sixth and twelfth months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both oral contraceptives produced significant decreases from baseline in prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time; there were also significant changes in laboratory control times. Factor XII was significantly increased in both oral contraceptive groups after 6 and 12 months. Fibrinogen antigen was significantly increased for norethindrone plus ethinyl estradiol after 6 and 12 months and for levonorgestrel plus ethinyl estradiol after 12 months. Platelet counts were unchanged. There was a significant increase in antithrombin III activity with norethindrone plus ethinyl estradiol at 12 months. Antithrombin III antigen was unchanged with the oral contraceptives; however, significant increases existed for alpha 1-antitrypsin antigen and plasminogen antigen and activity after 6 and 12 months and for alpha 2-macroglobulin antigen after 12 months for both oral contraceptives. alpha 2-Antiplasmin antigen was significantly increased for norethindrone plus ethinyl estradiol at the 12-month evaluation. There were no significant differences between the oral contraceptives for any coagulation or anticoagulation factor, and mean values generally remained within reference ranges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levonorgestrel plus ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone plus ethinyl estradiol had equivalent, minimal effects on hemostasis, and changes in coagulation factors appeared to be balanced by changes in anticoagulation factors.
authors.affiliation: Center for Climacteric Studies, Inc., Gainesville, FL.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Notelovitz
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kitchens
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019304:Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D004338:Drug Combinations; C020416:norethindrone acetate, ethinyl estradiol, ferrous fumarate drug combination; D009644:Norgestrel; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D019304:Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination; D000990:Antithrombin III; D010958:Plasminogen; D009640:Norethindrone