title: Normal polysomnographic values for children and adolescents.
abstract: Although polysomnography is routinely performed to evaluate children and adolescents with sleep-disordered breathing, normal polysomnographic values for the pediatric age group have not yet been established. We therefore performed overnight polysomnography in 50 normal children and adolescents (mean age 9.7 +/- 4.6 SD yr, range 1.1 to 17.4 yr). Of the children 56% were male. Chest wall motion, ECG, oronasal airflow, end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and electrooculogram were monitored. Children had 0.1 +/- 0.5 (range 0 to 3.1) obstructive apneas per hour of total sleep time, with only 18% of children having any obstructive apneas. No child had obstructive apneas > 10 s in duration. Of the children 30% had central apneas > or = 10 s in duration, and one child had a central apnea associated with SaO2 < 90%. Peak PETCO2 was 46 +/- 4 mm Hg (range 38 to 53 mm Hg), and hypoventilation (PETCO2 > 45 mm Hg) occurred for 7 +/- 19% total sleep time (range 0 to 91%). The SaO2 nadir was 96 +/- 2% (range 89 to 98%), with only one child desaturating below 90% in association with a central apnea. We conclude that polysomnographic results in the pediatric age group differ from those in adults. Recommendations for normal polysomnographic criteria are given.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California School of Medicine.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Omlin
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Basinki
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rachal
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Von Pechmann
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Keens
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001944:Breath Tests; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen