title: Regulation of synovial cell growth. Coexpression of transforming growth factor beta and basic fibroblast growth factor by cultured synovial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) by cultured rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial cells and to investigate their role as synovial cell mitogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polypeptide growth factors were detected and identified by immunocytochemical staining and Western blot analysis. Messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts encoding TGF beta and bFGF were identified by polymerase chain reaction analysis. The influence of neutralizing growth factor monoclonal antibodies (MAb) on RA synovial cell growth was investigated. TGF beta bioactivity was determined by Mv1Lu assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lysates of RA, as compared with normal, synovial cells contained greater amounts of TGF beta and bFGF. Western blot analysis identified a single TGF beta band (MW approximately 25 kd) in each of the cell lysates examined. Western blot analysis using MAb DE6 identified a doublet of bFGF bands (MW approximately 18.0 kd) in normal synovial cell lysates and 4 bFGF bands (MW approximately 18.0, 22.0, 22.6, and 25.2 kd) in RA synovial cell lysates. RA and normal synovial cells expressed mRNA transcripts encoding TGF beta 1 but not TGF beta 2, and FGF-2 (basic FGF). Additional mRNA transcripts encoding FGF-5 and FGF-7 were expressed by RA, but not normal, synovial cells in culture. In contrast to MAb 1D11.16, which caused a dose-dependent decrease in RA synovial cell growth, MAb DG2 (up to 100 micrograms/ml) had no effect on cell growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RA and normal synovial cells cultured in serum-free medium express TGF beta 1 and native bFGF. However, only RA synovial cells in culture express higher molecular weight isoforms of bFGF. TGF beta 1 appears to regulate synovial cell growth in vitro through an external autocrine loop. Despite expression of high-affinity bFGF receptors on cultured synovial cells, the mechanisms by which bFGF modulates synovial cell growth are unknown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: W V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eidsvoog
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dasch
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000473:pathology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015335:Molecular Probes; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2