title: Kinetics of hydration and effect of liquid uptake on specific gravity of small hay and silage particles.
abstract: Kinetics of hydration of ground hay and silage particles (2-mm screen), determined by a pycnometric technique, was best described by a two- and one-pool exponential model, respectively. Fractional rates of hydration of the large pool, detected in hay particles only, and of the small pool present in both hay and silage particles averaged .135 and .021 min-1, respectively. When hydration was complete, liquid associated with particles averaged 1.16, 1.90, and .83 g/g of insoluble DM for bromegrass hay, alfalfa hay, and alfalfa silage, respectively. Functional specific gravity, which accounts for the effect of associated gas volume, averaged 1.54, 1.46, and 1.54, but unit specific gravity, calculated to include the effect of gases and liquid of hydration, averaged 1.22, 1.14, and 1.26 for bromegrass hay, alfalfa hay, and alfalfa silage, respectively. Preservation of forage as silage not only lowered gas volume, but also reduced water-holding capacity, both of which contribute to greater unit specific gravity and faster rate of escape from the rumen. In addition, estimates of unit specific gravity of approximately 1.2 indicate that even in the absence of associated gas, hydrated forage particles would tend to escape the rumen at a slower rate than that achieved by more dense particles.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Madison.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wattiaux
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mertens
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Satter
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D012417:Rumen / Q000502:physiology*; D012820:Silage; D013046:Specific Gravity; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water