title: Children's relationships with maternal grandparents: a longitudinal study of family structure and pubertal status effects.
abstract: This longitudinal study assessed the effects of parents' marital transitions and pubertal development on grandparent-grandchild relationships. 9- to 13-year-old children, their mothers, and maternal grandparents from 186 Caucasian, middle-class families including 73 intact families, 64 mother-custody, single-parent families and 49 stepfamilies completed questionnaires focusing on the degree of children's "relationship involvement" (perceived closeness and frequency of contact) with maternal grandparents at 2 time periods 13 months apart. Children also completed questionnaires 9 months later during a third interview. Grandparents, and especially grandfathers, were more involved with grandchildren from single-parent families (supporting the "latent function" hypothesis). The pubertal status results supported the "emotional distancing" hypothesis for grandfather-granddaughter relationships (higher pubertal status, less involvement) and the "stress buffer" hypothesis for grandsons' relationships with both grandparents (greater change in physical development, more involvement and greater perceived closeness).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29501.
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Clingempeel
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Colyar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hetherington
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016901:Intergenerational Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D011627:Puberty / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires