title: Plasma concentration of furosemide versus specific gravity of urine in predicting dose of administration in race horses.
abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the applicability of plasma concentration of furosemide and specific gravity (SG) of urine in regulating the use of furosemide administered 4 hours prior to race time in Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) race horses. Nonbleeders (CTL) and certified bleeders (FUR) actively racing in Illinois (IL) and Pennsylvania (PA) were used in the study. Various doses (less than 250, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 500 mg) were administered either as a single intravenous (IV) dose or as a combination (IV-IM) of IV and intramuscular (IM) administrations 4 hours before race time. Plasma and urine samples were obtained post race for determination of furosemide concentration in plasma and measurement of SG of the urine in both CTL and FUR groups. Plasma samples were analyzed for furosemide using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. SG was measured using a digital refractometer. The results indicate a significant difference (p less than 0.0001) in the SG of the urine samples between the CTL and FUR groups irrespective of the route of administration (IV versus IV-IM). However, SG values of the urine in some CTL samples were lower than those in some FUR samples and vice versa. Thus, the use of SG alone is not reliable for predicting either the dose or the administration of furosemide to race horses. The plasma concentrations of furosemide following the administration (IV) of 250 mg or 500 mg 4 hours prior to race time were indistinguishable (25.91 +/- 4.45 versus 28.12 +/- 6.99 ng/ml, respectively); the majority of the horses in the groups had a plasma concentration of less than 40 ng/ml. When taken in total, plasma concentration of furosemide can only be used as a guide in regulating the administration of furosemide to race horses.
authors.affiliation: West Chester University, Department of Chemistry, PA 19383.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Uboh
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Soma
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rudy
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mengeringhausen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005665:Furosemide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine; D009288:Naproxen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012015:Reference Standards; D013046:Specific Gravity / Q000187:drug effects; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009288:Naproxen; D005665:Furosemide; C034451:desmethylnaproxen