title: Three dimensional imaging and computer-designed prostheses in the evaluation and management of orbitocranial deformities.
abstract: Three dimensional images reconstructed from two dimensional CT scans allow improved analysis of complex orbitocranial bony deformities. This evaluation may be useful in patients with defects resulting from trauma, tumor, congenital abnormalities, or developmental disorders. Diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term follow-up evaluation may be aided by improved understanding of bony contour and volume analysis. Computer designed prostheses can be fabricated to precisely match bony defects and may be used as an alloplastic implant or as a model to aid intraoperative contouring of an autogenous bone graft. The limitations of three dimensional imaging include artifacts in the reconstructed images, increased radiation exposure, and increased cost. The technology is still evolving and the indications and benefits remain undefined at the present time.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed