title: The role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in induction of monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells: synergistic interaction with 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and interferon-gamma in inducing interleukin-1 beta.
abstract: 1 alpha, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (D3) (100 nM) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (100 U/ml) cooperatively inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells, and synergistically induced their monocytic differentiation. The growth-promoting effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (10 ng/ml) was inhibited appreciably by D3 and slightly by IFN-gamma. Despite the clear difference in their effects on growth of HL-60 cells, both IFN-gamma and GM-CSF in combination with D3 induced cell cycle changes, decreasing the number of cells in the S phase and increasing their percentage in the G1/0 phase. GM-CSF alone had no effect on differentiation, but enhanced differentiation induced by D3 distinctly though to a limited extent, and also enhanced monocytic differentiation, including morphological changes of HL-60 cells in the presence of D3 and IFN-gamma. GM-CSF as well as D3 and IFN-gamma induced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) production by the HL-60 cells, clearly indicating their importance in differentiation of these cells. IFN-gamma and GM-CSF had mutually potentiating effects and induced maximum IL-1 beta production in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of D3. Thus despite its growth-promoting effect, GM-CSF is a potential inducer of monocytic differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells, because in cooperation with IFN-gamma it induced monocyte-macrophage differentiation of HL-60 cells in the presence of D3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomoyasu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuruoka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hozumi
mesh_terms: D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D002117:Calcitriol