title: Retrograde coronary sinus cardioplegia in the presence of persistent left superior vena cava.
abstract: Administration of retrograde cardioplegia is hampered by the presence of a persistent left superior vena cava, which results in excessive runoff of solution into the persistent left superior vena cava and the right atrium. Technical modifications are described that permitted aortic valve replacement to be performed in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava using only retrograde cardioplegia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Lahey Clinic Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts 01805.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Shahian
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities*