Pediatric and adolescent gynecologic endocrinology.
Best described as a transformation from the infantile state to an accentuated dimorphic adult state, puberty is a sequence of events characterized by the secretion of gonadal hormones leading to the development of secondary sexual characteristics, gametogenesis, and reproductive function. In girls, the first signs of puberty may be evident at age 8, with the process largely completed by age 16; in boys, puberty commonly begins between ages 10 and 12 and is largely completed by age 18. Adrenarche, the secretion of adrenal androgens, starts between ages 6 and 8 and is clinically accompanied by pubarche. Premature pubarche should be diagnosed as either typical or atypical. In atypical premature pubarche, corticotropin testing is recommended to determine nonclassical adrenal enzyme deficiency of steroidogenesis. Children with either type of premature pubarche should be under continued follow-up throughout puberty. The trigger of the onset of puberty is still unknown. The presence of gonadotropin activity and possible circadian rhythm in the prepubertal years allows for new understanding in possible triggering mechanisms of puberty. Precocious puberty, which is associated with significant psychologic implications and possible pathology, must be categorized as complete precocious puberty with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis or incomplete precocious puberty without activation of the central axis as effective therapies are so different. The categorization does not yield diagnoses, as there are multiple etiologies within each category. The treatment of central precocious puberty with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists will postpone pubertal progression to a more appropriate age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Morales
A J
AJ
University of California, School of Medicine, Department of Reproductive Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103.
Holden
J P
JP
Murphy
A A
AA
D000293:Adolescent; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology*; D011629:Puberty, Precocious / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone