title: Rearrangement of upstream regulatory elements leads to ectopic expression of the Drosophila mulleri Adh-2 gene.
abstract: The Adh-2 gene of Drosophila mulleri is expressed in the larval fat body and the adult fat body and hindgut, and a 1500-bp element located 2-3 kb upstream of the Adh-2 promoter is necessary for maximal levels of transcription. Previous work demonstrated that deletion of sequences between this upstream element and the Adh-2 promoter results in Adh-2 gene expression in a novel larval tissue, the middle midgut. In this study we show that the upstream element possesses all of the characteristics of a transcriptional enhancer: its activity is independent of orientation, it acts on a heterologous promoter, and it functions at various positions both 5' and 3' to the Adh-2 gene. Full enhancer function can be localized to a 750-bp element, although other regions possess some redundant activity. The ectopic expression pattern is dependent on the proximity of at least two sequence elements. Thus, tissue-specific transcription can involve complex proximity-dependent interactions among combinations of regulatory elements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Falb
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maniatis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D017344:Genes, Insect; D007422:Intestines / Q000201:enzymology; D011544:Pseudogenes; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger