title: Identification of infection of an Australian resident with the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the first confirmed case of human immunodeficiency virus infection type 2 (HIV-2) in an Australian resident.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-2 infection in a west African man resident in Sydney was diagnosed in 1992 at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, by serological testing. He was asymptomatic and the blood CD4 T-lymphocyte concentration was not significantly reduced. Infection was probably acquired before migration to Australia. The patient was initially tested for HIV-1 antibody as part of an application for permanent residency. He was in no obvious risk group or transmission category. His serum was repeatedly positive by Genetic Systems enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and borderline by Abbott EIA, was reactive to the HIV-2 peptide on a synthetic envelope peptide assay, and was strongly reactive to all HIV-2 specific viral protein bands on an HIV-2 western blot test. HIV-2 was isolated by co-cultivation of the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells and identified by hybridisation using HIV-2 specific oligonucleotide probes, with further confirmation by polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient was counselled regarding the clinical course and prognosis of HIV-2 infection, the possible indications for zidovudine therapy, modes of transmission of the virus and safer sex precautions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first documented case of HIV-2 infection diagnosed in Australia and raises the possibility of other undetected cases. The cost effectiveness of general testing for HIV-2 needs to be assessed and formal epidemiological sentinel programs should be established to monitor specific Australian populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Westmead Hospital, NSW.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Downie
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kazazi
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Dowton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Randle
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Dax
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D000354:Africa, Western / Q000208:ethnology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009517:New South Wales; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction