title: The value of complement measurements in the assessment of lupus activity.
abstract: The complement system was studied prospectively in 29 patients, predominantly renal (25), with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to examine the value of complement assays in the distinction between active and inactive disease. Disease activity was evaluated primarily by clinical, biochemical and histological parameters which were obtained at the time of assessment. Fourteen patients had active disease, as assessed by clinical and laboratory criteria. C1q, C4, C4a, C2, C3, C3a, C5, total haemolytic activity (CH50) and complement inhibitors were measured in each patient. The ratios of C4a:C4 and C3a:C3 were also calculated. Values for all components except C5 were different between control subjects and active patients while only CH50 was different between inactive patients and controls. All parameters except C4a:C4 and C5 were different between active and inactive patients. There was a highly significant difference in the number of active patients with reduced levels of C2, C3 and C3a:C3 compared to inactive patients (i.e. p less than 0.001) whereas lesser or no difference was observed for other parameters. The concentration of complement inhibitors was elevated in both groups. We conclude that, among readily available complement parameters, C2 and C3 provide the best assessment of disease activity in patients with SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Prince Henry Hospital, Sydney NSW., Australia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Timmermans
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Pussell
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Charlesworth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000032:analysis; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000032:analysis; D015922:Complement C1q / Q000032:analysis; D003175:Complement C2 / Q000032:analysis; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000032:analysis; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000032:analysis; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D003175:Complement C2; D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4; D015922:Complement C1q; D003165:Complement System Proteins