title: MR proton spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the natural history of visualized MR abnormalities in patients with multiple sclerosis using proton spectroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR imaging and proton spectroscopy (1H spectroscopy) were performed on 16 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis. All patients received gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Decreased levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) were demonstrated in 17 out of 21 lesions. No correlation was found between decreased NAA and Gd-DTPA enhancement. In five out of seven enhancing lesions, abnormal 1H spectra with extra peaks (termed marker peaks) at 2.1-2.6 ppm (ranging in absolute concentration from 10-50 mM protons) were observed. In nine out of 14 unenhancing lesions, no elevated marker peaks were observed. In the five other unenhancing lesions, the levels of these marker peaks were generally lower than the enhancing group. No correlation was found between the NAA levels and the levels of the marker peaks. We suggest two distinct biochemical processes: 1) decreased NAA reflecting neuronal cell loss, and 2) elevated marker peaks reflecting ongoing demyelination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based upon these observations we infer that 1) the majority of enhancing lesions are demyelinating with extra peaks at 2.1-2.6 ppm representing a marker of this process, 2) enhancing lesions without this marker most likely represent edematous regions without significant demyelination, and 3) demyelination may be long in duration compared with transient blood-brain barrier disruption manifested by Gd-DTPA enhancement. Our results suggest that 1H spectroscopy has the ability to further categorize MR-demonstrated enhancing and unenhancing lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis and that it may be more sensitive than contrast enhancement in revealing the true time course of demyelination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Lenkinski
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Ramer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Scarano
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D004369:Pentetic Acid
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D004369:Pentetic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA