title: Comparison of the purity and efficacy of affinity purified avian antivenoms with commercial equine crotalid antivenoms.
abstract: Antivenoms were raised in laying hens by repeated immunizations with detoxified crotalid snake venoms and purified from egg yolks by affinity chromatography. While the affinity purified avian antivenoms were essentially pure IgG, commercial equine (Wyeth) and W.H.O. international reference antivenoms (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) contained several non-immunoglobulin contaminants. In standard mouse protection assays, the purified avian Crotalus atrox and T. flavoviridis antivenoms were 6.3 and 2.0 times as potent, respectively, as these equine antivenoms in neutralizing venom lethality. The purity, efficacy, and ease of manufacture of avian antivenoms, and their inability to fix mammalian complement, make them an attractive alternative to equine and other mammalian antivenoms.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Thalley
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Theakston
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D000997:Antivenins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001717:Birds / Q000276:immunology*; D002645:Chickens; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000633:toxicity; D006736:Horses / Q000276:immunology*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000997:Antivenins; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D011506:Proteins