title: Analysis of electromagnetic heating patterns inside a cryopreserved organ.
abstract: Computer analysis of the induced electromagnetic field and heating distribution inside cryopreserved organs subjected to electromagnetic illumination at frequencies of 84 MHz, 434 MHz and 2.45 GHz were carried out using a spherical model for the organ, with special reference to heating in a single-mode resonant cavity. The interaction between the frequency of the incident field and the size and dielectric properties of the sample was investigated. It is shown that uniform heating of organs is likely to be achieved at lower frequencies, as might be expected. However, the ratio between the power penetration depth for plane waves and the size of the organ is not a sufficient basis on which to judge quantitatively the uniformity of the power absorption. Hot or cold spots can occur within the organ even when this ratio is greater than unity; the wavelength in the material is also an important factor. The results from this study indicate that the use of a resonant cavity as a heating applicator has advantages over plane-wave illumination. A sharp upper limit can be set to the frequency suitable for rapid and uniform heating of a given organ.
authors.affiliation: MRC Medical Cryobiology Group, University Department of Surgery, Cambridge, England.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Pegg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Penfold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology*; D008433:Mathematics; D008954:Models, Biological; D011817:Rabbits; D013696:Temperature