title: Ethnic identity and self-esteem: an exploratory longitudinal study.
abstract: Recent models of ethnic identity formation in minority youth suggest a progression over time from an unexamined or diffuse stage to an achieved ethnic identity. To examine changes with age in ethnic identity and self-esteem, eighteen adolescents from three ethnic groups (Asian American, Black, and Hispanic) were assessed at age 16 and three years later. Results of this exploratory study showed a significant change to higher stages of ethnic identity over the three-year period. Self-esteem and ethnic identity were significantly related to each other at each time period and across the three-year time span.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles 90032.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Phinney
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chavira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D001213:Asian; D003469:Culture; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010553:Personality Development; D012649:Self Concept; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology