title: Tissue reaction after intramuscular injection of liposomes in mice.
abstract: Liposomes are effective carrier systems for prolonged drug release. As all other drug formulations for parenteral use, the safety of liposomal formulations should be established before clinical application. In this study, some safety aspects of intramuscularly injected (single dose) "gel-state" type liposomes and the ability of liposome encapsulation to diminish irritating effects of intramuscularly applied drugs were studied by histopathological analysis over a period of 14 days in mice. Injection of saline solution showed no tissue reaction at the injection site. Intramuscular injection of liposomes alone showed an infiltrative reaction consisting of a population of macrophages. Within this population fat cells were present. In time, the population of macrophages present at the injection site was largely replaced by loose connective tissue. Novaminsulfon (NS) injected intramuscularly in "free" form is a strongly irritating drug, causing hemorrhage, cell necrosis, inflammatory reactions and eventually fibrosis. However, NS being encapsulated in liposomes was hardly more irritating than liposomes alone. The same was true for liposome-encapsulated chloroquine and free chloroquine. When sustained-release of a drug is therapeutically desirable, the parenteral application of a liposome-encapsulated formulation can be considered for drugs, in particular for those drugs causing tissue injury at the injection site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, The Netherlands, University of Utrecht.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kadir
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Eling
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abrahams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zuidema
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Crommelin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004177:Dipyrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007509:Irritants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007866:Leg; D008081:Liposomes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D007509:Irritants; D008081:Liposomes; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D004177:Dipyrone; D002738:Chloroquine