title: Ethically justified guidelines for family planning interventions to prevent pregnancy in female patients with chronic mental illness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article proposes ethically justified clinical guidelines for family planning interventions to prevent pregnancy in female patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed literature on family planning and consequences of pregnancy in patients with chronic mental illness and related that literature to ethical principles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with chronic mental illness are ethically unique because they have chronically and variably impaired autonomy. Existing guidelines and proposals for family planning interventions for mentally retarded patients are shown not to apply to such patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three sets of guidelines for three groups of patients, representing the continuum of chronically and variably impaired autonomy, are proposed: (1) a set of guidelines for patients who can achieve thresholds of autonomy, (2) a set of guidelines for patients irreversibly near thresholds of autonomy, and (3) a set of guidelines for patients irreversibly below thresholds of autonomy. These guidelines should contribute significantly to the quality of obstetric and gynecologic care for female patients with chronic mental illness.
authors.affiliation: Center for Ethics, Medicine, and Public Issues, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coverdale
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Chervenak
mesh_terms: D032882:Comprehension; D032981:Dehumanization; D030881:Disclosure; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders; D028642:Persons with Psychiatric Disorders; D026706:Paternalism; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D037841:Pregnant People; D012941:Social Responsibility