title: Use of reinforcement to increase independence in physical fitness performance of profoundly mentally retarded youth.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of verbal praise and verbal praise plus music or vibratory reinforcement on the level of independent performance on abdominal strength and endurance, lower back and hip flexibility, and upper body strength/endurance exercises of 12 profoundly mentally retarded, ambulatory youth, ages 10 to 18 years. A single-subject AB design with a control group was used to assess the difference in performance of physical fitness under the baseline condition of no reinforcement and under the two experimental conditions of verbal praise and verbal praise plus music or vibratory reinforcement. In contrast to previous results reported in the literature, verbal praise and verbal praise plus music or vibratory reinforcement were not effective in increasing the level of independence in performing selected physical fitness tasks.
authors.affiliation: Texas Woman's University, Denton 76204.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rogers-Wallgren
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ben-Ezra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology