title: The equivalency of infrared tympanic membrane thermometry with standard thermometry in nursing home residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the equivalence of infrared tympanic membrane (TM) measure of body temperature with standard electronic oral (PO) and rectal (R) measures in a nursing home population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized repeated-measurement design.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the study, 82 randomly selected residents (mean age 79 +/- 10 years) of the Nursing Home Care Unit of the VAMC West Los Angeles had PO, R, and TM temperatures measured before arising (6-8 am). An otoscopic exam and the age, sex, presence of neurologic disease, and compliance with thermometry was noted. Also, repeated measures of PO and TM temperatures were performed three times to assess variability. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was determined for PO versus R and for TM versus R temperatures. Stepwise regression analysis was performed with the dependent variable of R temperature and the independent variables of the mean TM temperature, age, sex, presence of neurologic disease, position of the resident, and extent of ear canal occlusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The correlation of TM versus R (r = .39, P = .004) was better, though not significantly, than of PO versus R (r = .28, P = .04). TM had less variability than PO (pooled standard deviation .38 vs .45 degrees F, respectively) and TM was implemented successfully more often than PO or R (96% vs 81% vs 81%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, TM was at least equivalent or better than PO measures of temperature in this population. The efficacy of fever detection and the use and durability of long-term use by nursing staff needs to be studied.
authors.affiliation: Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, VAMC West Los Angeles.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Daskal
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Norman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011897:Random Allocation; D012007:Rectum; D013821:Thermometers; D014432:Tympanic Membrane