title: Successful pretreatment/therapy of soman, sarin and VX intoxication.
abstract: Chemical pretreatment is effective against a 2 LD50 challenge of soman, sarin or VX or a 5 LD50 challenge of tabun. Chemical pretreatment followed by post challenge therapy should be effective against greater levels of agent. Such tests in guinea pigs are reported here; pretreatment regimens (PRGs) consisted of physostigmine (0.15 mg/kg, im) and an adjunct. The adjuncts [mg/kg, im] used were aprophen [8], atropine (AT)[16], azaprophen (AZA)[5], benactyzine [1.25], benztropine (BT) [4], scopolamine [0.08] and trihexyphenidyl [2]. Pretreatment was given 30 min before, and atropine (16 mg/kg, im) and 2-PAM (25 mg/kg, im) therapy (T) at one min after, 5 LD50s of agent. Results indicate that, all of the PRG+T regimens, except BT-not tested with T, prevent lethality by soman; trihexyphenidyl and scopolamine (the only adjuncts used therein) regimens each prevent lethality by sarin and VX. Against soman, all PRG+T regimens (vs PRG only) may shorten the median recovery time to 2 hrs or less. Even without therapy, the PRGs containing AT, AZA or BT prevent lethality by 5 LD50s of soman; however, used alone, only the PRG containing AZA reduces the incidence of convulsions at this level of soman.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5425.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lennox
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Solana
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Murrow
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Wade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000506:poisoning*; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011041:Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy; D012524:Sarin / Q000506:poisoning*; D012999:Soman / Q000506:poisoning*; D014282:Trihexyphenidyl / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014326:Tropanes / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D010830:Physostigmine; D012524:Sarin; D012999:Soman; D014282:Trihexyphenidyl; D014326:Tropanes; C052339:azaprophen; C009680:VX-agent