title: Electrolyte disturbances caused by intravenous contrast media.
abstract: The changes in serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, ionized calcium, and total calcium) produced by high-dose (3 ml/kg) intravenous contrast media were investigated in Japanese white rabbits. The test solutions included sodium/meglumine diatrizoate (370 mgI/ml), sodium/meglumine ioxaglate (320 mgI/ml), iohexol (350 mgI/ml), iopamidol (370 mgI/ml), 20% mannitol, and isotonic saline. The alterations in serum ionized calcium were relatively small and transient, and correlated with changes in the hematocrit. Diatrizoate caused a significant decrease in ionized calcium in comparison with other contrast media and mannitol. The ratio of ionized calcium to total calcium showed no significant decrease in any group. The changes in potassium did not correlate with those in hematocrit. Diatrizoate caused a smaller decrease in potassium than low-osmolality contrast media, which may suggest that diatrizoate caused a shift in potassium from extravascular space to intravascular space. In conclusion, intravenous infusion of high doses of low-osmolality contrast media did not cause clinically significant alterations in serum electrolytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kyoto City Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torizuka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Misaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003973:Diatrizoate / Q000009:adverse effects; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007472:Iohexol / Q000009:adverse effects; D007477:Ions; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000009:adverse effects; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000009:adverse effects; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011817:Rabbits; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D004573:Electrolytes; D007477:Ions; D003973:Diatrizoate; D008353:Mannitol; D007472:Iohexol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012964:Sodium; D007479:Iopamidol; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid