title: Biological and chemical studies of Pera benensis, a Bolivian plant used in folk medicine as a treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
abstract: The stem barks of Pera benensis are employed by the Chimane Indians in the Bolivian Amazonia as treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by the protozoan Leishmania braziliensis. The chloroform extracts containing quinones were found active against the promastigote forms of Leishmania and the epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi at 10 micrograms ml-1. The activity guided fractionation of the extract by chromatography afforded active compounds. Their structures were elucidated, by spectral and chemical studies, as known naphthoquinones, plumbagin, 3,3'-biplumbagin, 8-8'-biplumbagin, and triterpene, lupeol. The activity in vitro of each compound was evaluated against 5 strains of Leishmania (promastigote), 6 strains of Trypanosoma cruzi (epimastigote) and the intracellular form (amastigote) of Leishmania amazonensis. The baseline drugs used were Glucantime and pentamidine (Leishmania spp.), nifurtimox and benznidazole (T. cruzi). Plumbagin was the most active compound in vitro. This study has demonstrated that Pera benensis, a medicinal plant used in folk medicine, is an efficient treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
authors.affiliation: Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération (ORSTOM), Département Santé, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fournet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angelo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roblot
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hocquemiller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavé
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001838:Bolivia; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D007891:Leishmania / Q000187:drug effects; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D051379:Mice; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009285:Naphthoquinones; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents