title: Effects of oral and intramuscular vitamin K prophylaxis on vitamin K1, PIVKA-II, and clotting factors in breast fed infants.
abstract: A randomised clinical trial was conducted to establish the effects of oral and intramuscular administration of vitamin K at birth on plasma concentrations of vitamin K1, proteins induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKA-II), and clotting factors. Two groups of about 165 healthy breast fed infants who received at random 1 mg vitamin K1 orally or intramuscularly after birth were studied at 2 weeks and 1 and 3 months of age. Although vitamin K1 concentrations were statistically significantly higher in the intramuscular group, blood coagulability, activities of factors VII and X and PIVKA-II concentrations did not reveal any difference between the two groups. At 2 weeks of age vitamin K1 concentrations were raised compared with reported unsupplemented concentrations and no PIVKA-II was detectable. At 3 months vitamin K1 concentrations were back at unsupplemented values and PIVKA-II was detectable in 11.5% of infants. Therefore, a repeated oral prophylaxis will be necessary to completely prevent (biochemical) vitamin K deficiency beyond the age of 1 month.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cornelissen
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kollée
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: De Abreu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van Baal
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motohara
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Verbruggen
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Monnens
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D015415:Biomarkers; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000172:deficiency*; D014813:Vitamin K Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014812:Vitamin K; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D010837:Vitamin K 1; D011516:Prothrombin