title: Point-touch technique of botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia.
abstract: Intralaryngeal injections of botulinum toxin (Botox), under electromyographic guidance, have emerged as an effective treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia. To remain effective, these injections must be repeated every 3 to 9 months as the symptoms recur. One drawback to the current method is the need for electromyographic confirmation of needle placement into the thyroarytenoid muscle. This report describes an anatomic approach to Botox injection that requires only flexible nasopharyngeal endoscopy and careful evaluation of the anatomic landmarks. This technique has been used successfully on 13 patients, and objective pretreatment and posttreatment measures are reported.
authors.affiliation: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1624.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berke
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Gerratt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004576:Electromyography; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles; D007826:Laryngismus / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose; D010614:Pharynx; D013060:Speech; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins