title: Effects of exogenous emulsifiers and fat sources on nutrient digestibility, serum lipids, and growth performance in weanling pigs.
abstract: Three experiments were conducted to determine whether emulsifiers improve utilization of fat from diets for early-weaned pigs. In Exp. 1, 96 weanling pigs (17 d old) were used in metabolism cages, with main effects of fat source (soybean oil, tallow, lard, and coconut oil) and emulsifier treatment (no emulsifier, lecithin, and lysolecithin as 10% of the added fat). Soybean oil and coconut oil were more digestible than tallow and lard (P < .001). Tallow was more digestible when lecithin and lysolecithin were added (P < .007), and pigs fed lecithin had lower serum triglycerides and cholesterol than pigs fed lysolecithin (P < .03). In Exp. 2, 270 weanling pigs (21 d old) were used in a growth assay. Treatments were 1) control diet; 2) Diet 1 with soybean oil; 3) Diet 1 with tallow; 4, 5, and 6) Diet 3 with lecithin replacing 5, 10, and 30% of the tallow, respectively; and 7, 8, and 9) Diet 3 with lysolecithin replacing 5, 10, and 30% of the tallow, respectively. At d 14 of the experiment, digestibility of tallow was improved more by lecithin than lysolecithin (P < .008). For the total experiment (d 0 to 35), the control pigs had poorer gain:feed ratio than did the pigs fed the fat sources (P < .002). In Exp. 3, 420 weanling pigs (21 d old) were used. Treatments were 1) control diet with soybean oil; 2) Diet 1 with tallow; and 3, 4, and 5) Diet 2 with 10% of the added fat as soybean oil, lecithin, or monoglyceride, respectively. Adding soybean oil, lecithin, and monoglyceride to tallow increased digestibility of total fat (P < .07). From d 0 to 14, pigs fed soybean oil gained weight faster than pigs fed the other treatments (P < .06), and pigs fed tallow without emulsifiers had the lowest ADG. Considering all experiments, addition of emulsifiers increased digestibility of nutrients but had minimal effect on growth performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D003059:Cocos; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D004435:Eating; D005079:Excipients / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005223:Fats / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014886:Weaning; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005079:Excipients; D005223:Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; D013024:Soybean Oil; D002784:Cholesterol; C013698:tallow; D000074263:Coconut Oil; C029310:lard