title: Endogenous urinary 3-hydroxyproline has 96% specificity and 44% sensitivity for cancer screening.
abstract: A method for determining the endogenous urinary excretion levels of both 3-hydroxyproline and 4-hydroxyproline that may be useful for cancer screening of the general population and at the workplace is evaluated in this report. The excretion levels of 3-hydroxyproline and 4-hydroxproline were estimated in 97 patients with cancer and in 99 patients with various nonmalignant diseases and were compared with those of 211 healthy persons. Measurable 3-hydroxyproline peaks (by amino acid autoanalyzer) were absent from 93 samples from 211 healthy persons (44%), 50 of 99 patients with nonmalignant disease (50%), and 10 of 96 patients with cancer (10%). The levels of both 3-hydroxyproline and 4-hydroxyproline in cancer patients were significantly higher than those in healthy persons (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) and those in patients with nonmalignant diseases (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Cancer patients were classified into three groups according to grade of cancer growth and invasion. The sensitivity of 3-hydroxyproline was 44% and higher than that of 4-hydroxyproline for the detection of stage II cancers (no distant metastasis); the sensitivities of both hydroxyprolines for the detection of stage I (very early cancer) were low. The specificity of these assays for healthy persons and patients with nonmalignant disease was 96% and 92% for 3-hydroxyproline, and 97% and 79% for 4-hydroxyproline, respectively. Urinary 3-hydroxyproline level should be further investigated as a cancer screening method for healthy persons in the community or the workplace, but appears unlikely to detect many cancers in the earliest stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maruta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubochi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C026215:3-hydroxyproline; D003404:Creatinine; D006909:Hydroxyproline