title: Effects of light sources and the presence or absence of males on reproduction of female breeder turkeys.
abstract: The effects of sodium vapor (SV), daylight fluorescent (DF), and incandescent (IN) light sources and the influence of the presence or absence of males on reproduction of female turkeys were evaluated. Hens under SV and DF lights consistently laid more eggs than those under IN lights. There were no significant differences in hen-day egg production among hens in the physical presence of males and hens allowed visual and vocal contact with males. However, hen-day egg production was significantly lower for females in pens in which males were absent. Fertility, hatchability, days to first egg, egg weight, and egg specific gravity were unaffected by light source treatments or by the presence or absence of males in pens of females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061-0332.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Felts
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Leighton
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Denbow
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hulet
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004531:Eggs; D005260:Female; D008029:Lighting; D008297:Male; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014422:Turkeys / Q000502:physiology*