title: A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability.
abstract: The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has a submodel that predicts rates of feedstuff degradation in the rumen, the passage of undegraded feed to the lower gut, and the amount of ME and protein that is available to the animal. In the CNCPS, structural carbohydrate (SC) and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) are estimated from sequential NDF analyses of the feed. Data from the literature are used to predict fractional rates of SC and NSC degradation. Crude protein is partitioned into five fractions. Fraction A is NPN, which is trichloroacetic (TCA) acid-soluble N. Unavailable or protein bound to cell wall (Fraction C) is derived from acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIP), and slowly degraded true protein (Fraction B3) is neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIP) minus Fraction C. Rapidly degraded true protein (Fraction B1) is TCA-precipitable protein from the buffer-soluble protein minus NPN. True protein with an intermediate degradation rate (Fraction B2) is the remaining N. Protein degradation rates are estimated by an in vitro procedure that uses Streptomyces griseus protease, and a curve-peeling technique is used to identify rates for each fraction. The amount of carbohydrate or N that is digested in the rumen is determined by the relative rates of degradation and passage. Ruminal passage rates are a function of DMI, particle size, bulk density, and the type of feed that is consumed (e.g., forage vs cereal grain).
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sniffen
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Van Soest
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D005285:Fermentation; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007700:Kinetics; D012417:Rumen / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins