title: [Ultrasonic tissue characterization in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: analysis of three-layered appearance of the ventricular septum by apical approach].
abstract: In normal hearts, two-dimensional echocardiography from the apical window displays the left ventricular wall as a three-layered appearance (TLA): central bright layer and bilateral sonolucent zones. The TLA is considered to reflect the normal myocardial architecture: the predominant latitudinal fiber bundles of the midwall layer, and longitudinal or oblique ones on both sides. We analysed the TLA of the ventricular septum in 20 normal subjects, 20 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy due to pressure load (LVH), and 81 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Of the 81 HCM patients, the layering was often obscure or absent in 53 (65%), whereas LVH patients showed clear TLA as well as normal hearts. In patients with severe layering disorder (n = 30), the age at diagnosis was lower (40 +/- 15 vs 50 +/- 12, p less than 0.05), and familial occurrence (53 vs 11%, p less than 0.01) and severe functional limitation (NYHA greater than or equal to III) were more common (27 vs 4%) than in those with clear TLA (n = 28). The disturbed layering detectable by echocardiography may reflect the disorder of basic myocardial fiber architecture in the ventricular septum, and is likely to become a useful marker of the pathologic severity of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuribayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumuro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Narihara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katsume
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged