title: A novel method for fat suppression in RARE sequences.
abstract: Rapid acquisition relaxation-enhanced (RARE) sequences (Hennig et al., Magn. Reson. Med. 3, 823 (1986)) utilize one or several Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) echo trains to sample a number of k-space lines each repetition time TR. The technique can rapidly generate multislice T2-weighted images which, as a rule, are strikingly similar in contrast to conventional T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) images. An exception to this rule is the appearance of very bright signal from fat in T2-weighted RARE images as compared to conventional T2-weighted SE images. To reduce this fat signal, we introduce a time delay, tau c, between the 90 degrees x and first 180 degrees y pulse of each echo train such that a phase angle of pi/2 develops between fat and the reference (water) line at echo maxima. The technique leads to single-acquisition fat suppression without the use of frequency-selective saturation pulses and concomitant loss of slices per TR. A Bloch equation analysis is used to identify two major mechanisms contributing to suppression of off-resonance spins such that w tau c = pi/2. Namely, the CPMG sequence becomes a CP sequence with no self-correction properties for imperfect 180 degrees pulses leading to enhanced signal decay, and the raw k-space data matrix become segmented into blocks alternately multiplied by +/- i, leading to signal dispersion following Fourier transformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Mulkern
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000096:Acetone; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008055:Lipids; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008961:Models, Structural; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D014867:Water; D000096:Acetone