title: The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in 15-16-year-old children residing in three districts (natural fluoride, adjusted fluoride, low fluoride) in the north east of England.
abstract: Developmental defects of enamel were assessed in 15-year-old children born and continuously resident in three communities in the north east of England. In naturally fluoridated Hartlepool (F = 1.0-1.3 ppm), artificially fluoridated Newcastle (F = 1.0 ppm) and non-fluoridated Middlesbrough (F < 0.2 ppm) 361, 356 and 376 children respectively were examined. Conventional clinical recording and a photographic technique where colour slides are assessed at random were used and compared. Scoring in both assessments was done by using a modified version of both the Murray and Shaw index and the developmental defects of enamel index. In the clinical assessment more white lines and diffuse opacities were found in the fluoridated areas than in the non-fluoridated area. More opacities were recorded using the photographic assessment than with the clinical assessment, but a similar trend of an increased prevalence of white lines and diffuse opacities was observed using the photographic method. Overall, there was only a small increase in the prevalence of milder forms of enamel defects in fluoridated compared with non-fluoridated areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Dental Health, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nunn
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tabari
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Breckon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005457:Fluoridation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D015588:Observer Variation; D010781:Photography; D015995:Prevalence; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014100:Toothpastes