title: A survey and review of hepatobiliary lesions in Australian macropods.
abstract: This report presents information on the range of diseases and lesions that occurred in sections of livers of macropods held in the Non-Domestic Animal Registry at Taronga Zoo. Of 142 affected livers, 52 were due to parasites, 24 to bacteria, nine to Macropod Herpesvirus, four to fungal agents and ten to tumours. In addition, 17 livers had acute degenerative or necrotic lesions, 22 were affected by fibrosis or other chronic lesions and four had miscellaneous degenerative lesions. Common parasitic diseases included toxoplasmosis, coccidial cholangitis, cestode cholangitis (Progamotaenia sp.), fascioliasis and capillarial hepatitis. Bacterial diseases were varied but lesions due to anaerobic bacteria or Mycobacteria spp. were most common. Many of the acute degenerative lesions were associated with cardio-respiratory disease. Chronic lesions were often of unknown origin, although it was speculated that parasitic and bacterial organisms contributed to the aetiology. There were four primary and six metastatic tumours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Canfield
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hartley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D006520:Hepatitis, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008100:Liver Abscess / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000662:veterinary; D007614:Macropodidae / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D010273:Parasitic Diseases, Animal; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary