title: Technical aspects of phosphorus reduction and mineral adaptation in infant formulae.
abstract: Adapted milk-based formulae are complex products which simulate the protein and mineral composition of breast milk. The desired casein-to-whey protein ratio (40:60) in these formulae could be obtained by mixing cow's milk and whey. Unfortunately, this would yield formulae with too high a mineral content and a very unfavourable Ca:P ratio. The adjustment of the mineral content and the Ca:P ratio is the most sophisticated step in manufacture of such formulae. For this purpose, whey is demineralized with ion-exchange resins, electrodialysis or a combination of both processes. The demineralized whey (DW) obtained must be standardized in minerals by the addition of well-selected salts. After the standardization, whey is pasteurized, concentrated and dried, to give finally, the demineralized and standardized whey powder (DWPS). Addition of this ingredient to whole milk or skim milk leads to the standard adapted milk-based formula. Partial replacement of milk in the standard formula by caseinate leads to a low-phosphate formula with a Ca/P ratio equivalent to that found in breast milk. Because DWPS is quantitatively the most important ingredient of adapted milk-based formulae, the second most important being cow's milk, the nutritional and processing quality of DWPS strongly affects the heat stability and the nutritional and final quality of such formulae.
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Centre, Lausanne.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berrocal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium