title: The effect of placental management at cesarean delivery on operative blood loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of alternative methods of placental delivery at cesarean section on blood loss has not been reported. The hypothesis of this study was that spontaneous expulsion of the placenta would reduce operative blood loss, compared with that of manual extraction during cesarean delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively randomized and compared outcomes of 62 gravid women with manual (n = 31) or spontaneous (n = 31) placental delivery at cesarean section. Operative blood loss was measured directly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood loss measured at cesarean delivery was greater in the manually delivered group (967 +/- 248 ml) than in the spontaneously delivered group (666 +/- 271 ml, p < 0.0001). The incidence of postpartum endometritis was sevenfold greater in the manual than the spontaneous group (23% vs 3%, respectively; p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that spontaneous expulsion of the placenta at cesarean delivery results in less operative blood loss and a lower incidence of postoperative endometritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Naval Hospital Camp LeJeune, North Carolina.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: McCurdy
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Magann
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McCurdy
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Saltzman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000379:methods*; D004716:Endometritis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010920:Placenta / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D011897:Random Allocation