title: Growth inhibition of estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent MXT mammary cancers in mice by the bombesin and gastrin-releasing peptide antagonist RC-3095.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many breast cancers are estrogen independent, and even in patients who initially respond to estrogen suppression therapy, the regression is often temporary. We have recently shown that antagonists of bombesin and gastrin-releasing peptide, including RC-3095, inhibit the growth of pancreatic, colonic, and prostatic cancers in experimental animals. This effect was associated with a substantial decrease in epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor levels in pancreatic and colon cancers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In view of these findings, we investigated the effects of our synthetic bombesin and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonist D-Tpi6,Leu13 psi (CH2NH)-Leu14 bombesin(6-14) (RC-3095) on the growth of hormone-dependent and hormone-independent MXT mouse mammary cancers in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female (C57BL x DBA/2)F1 mice bearing estrogen-dependent or estrogen-independent MXT mammary carcinomas were treated with small doses (20 micrograms/d) of RC-3095 administered from osmotic minipumps. Separate groups of mice with estrogen-independent tumors received RC-3095, bombesin, or gastrin-releasing peptide(14-27) at 20 micrograms/d. We determined tumor volume and weight, mitotic index, apoptosis (programmed cell death), and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions, an indicator of tumor cell proliferation. Levels of receptors for EGF and bombesin were measured in tumor membrane fractions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Growth of both estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent MXT breast cancers was significantly inhibited by RC-3095. Bombesin or gastrin-releasing peptide had no effect on the growth of estrogen-independent tumors. Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation was indicated by a 45%-65% reduction in tumor volume, a 35%-58% reduction in tumor weight, and statistically significant decreases in argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region counts after treatment with RC-3095. In estrogen-independent cancers, tumor inhibition was associated with a decrease in the capacity of EGF receptors from 0.21 +/- 0.016 pmol/mg membrane protein in controls to 0.03 +/- 0.003 pmol/mg membrane protein in the RC-3095-treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first demonstration of inhibitory effects of bombesin and gastrin-releasing peptide antagonists on the growth of breast cancers in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that bombesin antagonists should be considered for breast cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, La.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szepeshazi
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Schally
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Halmos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Groot
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radulovic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001839:Bombesin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D019886:Gastrin-Releasing Peptide; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010455:Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004967:Estrogens; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; C071363:bombesin (6-14), Tpi(6)-Leu(13)-psi(CH2NH)-Leu(14)-; D019886:Gastrin-Releasing Peptide; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D001839:Bombesin