title: Cardiac surgery: moving away from intensive care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate outcome in patients managed outside an intensive care unit after open heart surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The high cost of cardiac surgery is mainly due to the needs of traditional postoperative care. The requirements for intensive care and treatment has decreased with improvements in techniques of cardiac surgery and anaesthesia. In this setting the need to continue to depend on intensive care units for the recovery of cardiac surgical patients is questionable on clinical and economic grounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postoperative outcome in 245 patients over a four month period was studied prospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean age of the patients was 63.2 years. They underwent a wide variety of operative procedures. Ninety percent of them recovered in a dedicated three bed cardiac surgical recovery area where the management protocol led to rapid extubation and step down in dependency care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median time for ventilatory support was 90 minutes after transfer to the area. Only five patients were subsequently admitted to the general intensive care unit for prolonged respiratory and cardiac support. Ten patients were electively admitted to the general intensive care unit. Two deaths occurred in hospital in this group (0.8%). Four patients were ventilated for 24 hours in the recovery area itself and made an uncomplicated recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that over 90% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery would recover safely and be treated effectively in a more economical area than intensive care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pillai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grebenik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Westaby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D003422:Critical Care; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D016896:Treatment Outcome