title: Specific inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by antisense oligonucleotides: an in vitro model for treatment.
abstract: We have developed a culture system, simulating in vivo conditions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, to evaluate the long-term efficacy of antisense oligonucleotide treatment. Five oligonucleotide phosphorothioates (28-mers), complementary to different regions of HIV-1 RNA, blocked replication of the virus in a sequence-specific manner at 1 microM concentration. Variations in antiviral activity were seen among the different oligonucleotides, revealing an effect of target selection. Mismatched or random oligonucleotide phosphorothioates delayed, but did not completely inhibit, HIV-1 replication. In the case of inhibition by a splice-acceptor-site antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, a break-through phenomenon occurred after 25 days of treatment, suggesting the development of an "escape mutant." This result did not occur when the inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotides were complementary to the primary-sequence areas of the rev-responsive element and rev-1 genes. Sequential treatment of HIV-1-infected cells with a combination of different antisense oligonucleotides, each administered once, also prevented the development of escape mutants. Our results suggest that chemotherapy based on specifically targeted antisense-oligonucleotide phosphorothioates may be an effective method for reducing the viral burden in HIV-1-infected individuals at clinically achievable oligonucleotide concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lisziewicz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klotman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zamecnik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense