title: Inhibition by a novel azole antifungal agent with a geranyl group on lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase of yeast.
abstract: AFK-108 (1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-((2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6- dienyloxy)ethyl]-1H-imidazole) is a new imidazole derivative characterized by a geranyl substituent showing strong antifungal activity. Azole antifungal agents are known to be potent inhibitors of lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase (P450(14)DM) of fungi. The role of the geranyl group of AFK-108 on interaction of AFK-108 with the target was studied by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae P450(14)DM as the model enzyme. AFK-108 and some of its derivatives bound to oxidized P450(14)DM with one-to-one stoichiometry and inhibited the demethylase activity. AFK-108 derivatives having the longer farnesyl or the shorter prenyl group showed lower affinity than AFK-108 for the enzyme. AFK-108 caused 100% inhibition at the equivalent concentration to P450(14)DM in the reaction mixture (0.07 microM), while the farnesyl derivative inhibited the activity by 60% at the same concentration. AFK-108 interfered with the binding of CO to the ferrous P450(14)DM. However, the interfering effect of the prenyl derivative was lower than that of AFK-108. Another AFK-108 derivative having the saturated 3,7-dimethyloctyl group was also a weaker inhibitor than AFK-108. These experiments suggest that the geranyl group of AFK-108 interacts with the substrate binding site of P450(14)DM that recognises the side chain of the substrate. AFK-108 is the first example of an azole derivative interacting with the side chain recognising region of the substrate binding site of P450(14)DM.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kudoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D058886:Sterol 14-Demethylase; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; C078434:AFK 108; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D058886:Sterol 14-Demethylase