title: Emergence and control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a children's hospital and pediatric long-term care facility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After a 6-year quiescence, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was isolated from 30 patients in a children's hospital and a pediatric long-term care facility from November 1987 through April 1989. After six nosocomial cases had occurred at the children's hospital, increased infection control measures directed at MRSA were initiated in August 1988. Because MRSA had been identified in three patients in the pediatric long-term care facility within 24 hours of their admission to the children's hospital, other patients transferred from the pediatric long-term care facility to the children's hospital were isolated and screened for MRSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records of these patients and evaluated their response to therapy with rifampin alone or in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 8-month period after initiation of infection control measures, MRSA was identified in 10 residents of the pediatric long-term care facility; there was also one nosocomial children's hospital case. Phage typing showed that one MRSA strain predominated in patients at the pediatric long-term care facility but did not implicate this strain as the source for MRSA introduction into the children's hospital. Of 16 patients with MRSA who completed therapy and were available for follow-up, 13 (81%) had elimination of colonization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prompt institution of MRSA surveillance, barrier isolation, and therapy to eliminate colonization should be considered in hospitals with a new introduction of MRSA.
authors.affiliation: Kosair Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY 40232-5070.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Stover
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rabalais
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006744:Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D017053:Infection Control; D007629:Kentucky / Q000453:epidemiology; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D012866:Skilled Nursing Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification