title: Problems associated with mechanical heart valve sounds.
abstract: A cross-sectional study of 50 randomly selected patients 12-36 months following mechanical heart valve replacement with Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valves was undertaken to investigate the factors which affect perception of, and reaction to, sounds generated by mechanical heart valves implanted in patients. Numerous problems were generated by the valves, including annoyance (68%), sleep disturbance (52% in patients; and 46% in patients' partners), interference with concentration (36%) and social embarrassment (28%). These findings are not affected by the measured level of sound or any variation in the number or anatomical position of the valve(s), though age and sex do seem to matter, more problems being reported by younger patients and those of the female sex. Aspects of the patient's personality did not seem to alter the difficulties experienced, though a high level of psychological morbidity was identified in the group as a whole. Most patients experience problems due directly to the noise generated by their valve and should be adequately warned of this before operation. This should also be taken into consideration in designing and evaluating new valve prostheses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Limb
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Murday
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D005260:Female; D006347:Heart Sounds; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008144:Loudness Perception; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012803:Sick Role