title: Survival response of a human glioma cell line to hyperthermia associated with rhein.
abstract: The effect of association of hyperthermia with the anti-inflammatory drug rhein (RH), 4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, on the clonogenic activity of human glioma cells has been examined. RH inhibits neoplastic growth mainly through an ATP depletion, but thermal cell killing is not mediated by the drug-induced changes in the energy status of the cell. The analysis of the interaction between RH and hyperthermia, performed with the isobolar method, demonstrates an additivity of the response so that the effectiveness of the combined treatment is the result of two independent effects. Although the effect of this combination is purely additive, RH allows us to achieve a pre-established cell killing with exposure times at 42 degrees C, which is generally accepted to be clinically achievable. RH might, therefore, be employed to reduce the side effects of hyperthermia without impairing its therapeutic effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Regina Elena Institute for Cancer Research, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Floridi
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delpino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iacobini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benassi
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C020491:rhein