title: Regional interaction and its effect on patterns of myocardial segmental shortening and lengthening during different models of asynchronous contraction in the dog.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to examine the effect of asynchrony and regional myocardial interaction on the pattern of segmental contraction and relaxation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three models of asynchrony were produced. Firstly the left anterior descending artery was abruptly occluded for 60 s. Secondly, the same artery was gradually occluded to produce four degrees of ischaemia based on the severity of the mechanical dysfunction. Finally, asynchrony was created by infusing isoprenaline (0.04 microgram.ml-1) into the left circumflex artery. Twelve anaesthetised beagles, weighing 16-21 kg, were used for the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patterns of contraction and relaxation were characterised by analysing the phases of shortening and lengthening, the peak lengthening rate (dL/dt), and the timing from the onset of systole to minimum systolic length. A consistent pattern of shortening and lengthening was evident during all three models of asynchrony. There were reciprocal relations between the extent of isovolumetric shortening in the normal segment and in the abnormal segment, and on occasion between the extent of isovolumetric shortening in the normal segment and the extent of isovolumetric lengthening in the same segment. Normal segments that showed minimal shortening or even some lengthening during isovolumetric systole tended to shorten beyond ejection, while segments that shortened significantly during isovolumetric contraction, lengthened earlier. Despite no change in isovolumetric shortening, segments also shortened after ejection when the opposite segment lengthened in late systole and early diastole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of shortening and lengthening depends on the path of contraction or on its entire loading pattern throughout systole. It is also possible that during early isovolumetric systole a segment can either be unloaded or preloaded by an opposing segment.
authors.affiliation: Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foëx
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ryder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003971:Diastole; D004285:Dogs; D006339:Heart Rate; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013599:Systole; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D007545:Isoproterenol