title: Phytochemicals potentiate interleukin-2 generated lymphokine-activated killer cell cytotoxicity against murine renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: The success of adoptive immunotherapy using recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in several cancers has been hampered by severe toxicity associated with high doses of rIL-2. Methods that reduce the dosage of rIL-2 without loss of clinical efficacy are needed. In this study we determined the in vitro effect of a phytochemical immune modulator, Astragalus membranaceus (AM), and two fractions isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography on the cytotoxicity of rIL-2-generated LAK cells against a murine renal cell carcinoma. Our results indicated a 10-fold potentiation of rIL-2-generated LAK cell cytotoxicity manifested by tumor cell lysis of 88% in the group with 100 U/ml of rIL-2 plus AM versus 86% in the group with 1,000 U/ml of rIL-2 alone. Potentiation was obtained with the purified fractions as well. A significantly reduced number of LAK cells was required to achieve the tumor cytotoxicity after LAK cell generation with rIL-2 plus the phytochemicals as compared with rIL-2 alone. Our data indicate that AM is an effective immune modulator, capable of potentiating in vitro the antitumor activity of rIL-2-generated LAK cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA 92350.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Hadley
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lau
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D027885:Astragalus propinquus; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011994:Recombinant Proteins