title: Pharmacokinetics in rat of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a drinking water mutagen, after a single dose.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) was evaluated after a single oral or intravenous administration in the rats using 14C-labelled compound. Twenty to 35% of the dose was absorbed into circulation from the gastrointestinal tract as assessed from the excretion in urine. The mean elimination half-life of the radioactivity in blood (T1/2 k10) was 3.8 hr. Traces of radioactivity remained in the blood for several days. The tissues lining the gastrointestinal and urinary tract, kidneys, stomach, small intestines and urinary bladder contained the highest radioactivity. The activity declined slowest in the kidneys. Urine was the main excretion route. Seventy-seven % of the total amount excreted appeared in urine in 12 hr and 90% in 24 hr. No radioactivity was exhaled in air suggesting that elimination through respiration did not occur. After an intravenous administration of 14C-MX, the T1/2 k10, was much longer, 22.9 hr, and the total elimination half-life (T1/2 beta), 42.1 hr. The results indicate that MX is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract to a considerable degree and it is excreted in urine very rapidly. A fraction of MX or its metabolites is retained in blood for a longer period of time. The pharmacokinetics of MX does not suggest extensive cumulation of MX in tissues after continuous exposure.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Institute, Department of Environmental Hygiene and Toxicology, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komulainen
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Vaittinen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vartiainen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lötjönen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paronen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomisto
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005663:Furans / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009153:Mutagens / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D005663:Furans; D009153:Mutagens; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C054121:3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone