title: Cryptococcal osteomyelitis and cellular immunodeficiency associated with interleukin-2 deficiency.
abstract: We describe an unusual example of cellular immunodeficiency associated with interleukin-2 deficiency in an otherwise healthy 15-year-old boy who had isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis of the scapula at 10 years of age. His previous medical history was remarkable only for prolonged, severe varicella infection at 6 years of age. He had persistent moderate lymphopenia, anergy, and absent lymphocyte blastogenic responses to mitogens, antigens, or monoclonal T cell antibodies. Subnormal blastogenic responses were seen after exposure to high concentrations of phorbol esters. Immunoglobulin levels and specific antibodies were normal. The patient has been in good health since treatment of his osteomyelitis. However, his lymphocyte blastogenic responses to mitogens have remained absent during 4 years of observation; investigation of the cause revealed a specific interleukin-2 deficiency resulting from defective generation of interleukin-2 messenger ribonucleic acid. Secretion of interleukin-1 by monocytes was normal, suggesting that the abnormal blastogenic response and interleukin-2 production were due to a problem intrinsic to T lymphocytes. The generation of messenger ribonucleic acid for interleukin-4 was not affected. Interferon-gamma was produced at subnormal levels. The addition of recombinant interleukin-2 restored lymphocyte blastogenic responses and increased the expression of interleukin-2 receptors. The clinical findings and immunologic abnormalities present in this patient differ from other primary and secondary immunodeficiencies associated with interleukin-2 deficiency. Thus our observations in this patient extend the spectrum of immunodeficiencies associated with abnormalities in the production of this important cytokine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70112.
authors.forename: R U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005437:Flucytosine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000172:deficiency*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D012540:Scapula
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D007376:Interleukin-2; D000666:Amphotericin B; D005437:Flucytosine