title: Effect of timolol versus pilocarpine on visual field progression in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Relatively few studies have been conducted linking decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP) to preservation of visual field. This investigation was conducted to determine if this link could be made and to compare the long-term effect of two ocular hypotensive agents on preservation of visual field.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an observer-masked study, 189 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma received either timolol or pilocarpine by random allocation. The dose of antiglaucoma agent was increased from 0.25% to 0.5% twice daily for timolol or from 2% to 4% four times daily for pilocarpine if the initial IOP response was inadequate. After an on-treatment baseline, visual fields were followed every 4 months for 2 years using the Octopus program 32.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with timolol, significantly more patients receiving pilocarpine discontinued use because of inadequate IOP control (P < or = 0.01). By comparing the mean visual field scores, it can be seen that the pilocarpine group had a significantly worse score at all timepoints from month 4 to month 24. The pilocarpine group also had a greater mean number of test loci with decreased sensitivity of 5 or more decibels (dB) at all timepoints. The mean within-patient regression slope for timolol was 0.01 dB/month and for pilocarpine was -0.06 dB/month (P < 0.01). The study has shown that over a 2-year period, patients treated with pilocarpine 2% or 4% four times daily experienced a significantly greater visual field deterioration than that seen in patients receiving either 0.25% or 0.5% timolol twice daily.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although these data do not support a link between lowering of IOP and visual field preservation, treatment with timolol was associated with significantly less visual field loss than treatment with pilocarpine.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Ophthalmology, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratory, West Point, PA 19486.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Crick
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sass
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Clineschmidt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tipping
mesh_terms: D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013999:Timolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010862:Pilocarpine; D013999:Timolol