title: [Anal dynamic plastic surgery of the gracilis muscle; a new surgical technique for the treatment of fecal incontinence].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical outcome of anal dynamic graciloplasty (gracilis muscle transposition and implantation of electric stimulation device) in a consecutive series of 12 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maastricht University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with incapacitating faecal incontinence were treated using anal dynamic graciloplasty because they were not amenable to other medical management. The data were analysed with emphasis on the clinical outcome, anal manometry, and gracilis muscle composition before and after electric stimulation. Results were considered significant if p < or = 0.05, using the paired Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients achieved complete faecal continence, one patient still has a previously constructed colostomy and in three patients no faecal incontinence could be achieved, due to infections. Median follow-up is now over 18 months (range 16 weeks-5 years). Anal manometry demonstrated an anal pressure increased from 39 mmHg (without stimulation) to 66 mmHg with electric stimulation (mean increase 27 mmHg (CI: 19-35; n = 12, p < 0.01). Gracilis muscle composition showed an increase of type I relatively fatigue-resistant fibres, capable of prolonged contractions, from 45% before stimulation to 64% afterwards (mean increase 19% (CI: 14-21; n = 8, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dynamic graciloplasty is capable of replacing the function of damaged or absent anal sphincters. The construction of a colostomy in patients with incapacitating faecal incontinence can be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Afd. Algemene Heelkunde, Academisch Ziekenhuis, Maastricht.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Konsten
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Baeten
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spaans
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Havenith
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Soeters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004576:Electromyography; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009132:Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods
vernacular_title: Anale dynamische M. gracilis-plastiek; een nieuwe chirurgische techniek voor de behandeling van fecale incontinentie.