title: Immunolocalization of the vasoconstrictor endothelin in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle and in umbilical cord at birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine the localization of immunoreactive endothelin in human cyclic endometrium and in umbilical cord during normal delivery and after cesarean section.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fixed dated endometrial tissue (n = 41) and umbilical cord (n = 6) were subjected to immunohistochemistry with an antiserum cross reacting with endothelin-1, -2 and -3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low levels of stromal endometrial staining were seen throughout the cycle. The strongest staining was in luminal epithelium throughout the secretory phase and in glandular epithelium in the late-secretory phase. In umbilical cord the most intense immunoreactivity was present on the amnion cells on the outer cord, with some staining in intermittent cells in the Wharton's jelly and in umbilical vein cells. No differences were detected between cord from normal delivery or cesarean section.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A paracrine role is suggested for endothelin in regulation of endometrial function and a role in vasoconstriction in the umbilical cord at birth.
authors.affiliation: Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Salamonsen
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Butt
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Macpherson
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Findlay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004717:Endometrium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D016232:Endothelins / Q000032:analysis*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008598:Menstruation / Q000502:physiology*; D008985:Monensin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins; D008985:Monensin