title: Fluorescent in situ hybridization: use of whole chromosome paint probes to identify unbalanced chromosome translocations.
abstract: By identifying structural chromosome anomalies, the clinical cytogenetics laboratory can play a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with birth defects. Although many new staining techniques have been developed throughout the years to aid in the detection of anomalous chromosomes, some abnormalities still pose a special challenge to cytogeneticists. This difficulty is especially evident in patients with an abnormal chromosome that does not produce a recognizable banding pattern by conventional staining techniques. We describe a recently discovered method of identifying chromosomes by using whole chromosome-specific DNA probes and fluorescent in situ hybridization and provide examples of how this new procedure facilitated the identification of chromosome abnormalities in two patients with multiple birth defects.
authors.affiliation: Section of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kraker
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Borell
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Schad
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pennington
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Karnes
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Dewald
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002843:Chromatin; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics*; D015342:DNA Probes; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D015342:DNA Probes; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes