title: Expression of a chimeric helix-loop-helix gene, Id-SCL, in K562 human leukemic cells is associated with nuclear segmentation.
abstract: We have designed a chimeric gene, Id-SCL, in which the 3' helix-loop-helix encoding portion of the presumptive oncogene SCL/tal is joined to the 5' coding portion of Id, an inhibitory helix-loop-helix gene. The predicted protein product of this chimeric gene contains the helix-loop-helix dimerization domain of SCL/tal, but, lacking a basic DNA binding domain, is predicted to have the inhibitory function of the Id product. Expression of the Id-SCL fusion gene in stably transfected K562 cells reproducibly resulted in nuclear segmentation and depressed growth rates; both of these phenotypic effects demonstrated a dosage dependence on the levels of Id-SCL mRNA and protein expressed in the various clones. Electron microscopy of cells expressing high levels of Id-SCL mRNA showed a significant increase in cytoplasmic perinuclear thin filaments and diminution of marginal heterochromatin in the nuclei. No other changes in hematopoietic differentiation status were observed in association with Id-SCL expression. Expression of intact Id and SCL/tal genes, as well as deletion mutants of Id and SCL/tal, independently transfected into K562 cells, indicated that the nuclear segmentation effect is dependent on the presence of a protein possessing a helix-loop-helix domain but lacking a basic domain. Our studies suggest that the balance of transcriptional inhibitory and stimulatory helix-loop-helix proteins in cells may be important determinants of proliferation and of structural organization within cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002678:Chimera / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic / Q000235:genetics*; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000235:genetics*; D011003:Ploidies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D006570:Heterochromatin; D012333:RNA, Messenger