title: Influenza vaccination in chronic hemodialysis patients. The effect of zinc supplementation.
abstract: Since influenza increases the mortality of chronically ill patients we decided to study the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Nineteen HD patients aged from 20 to 60 years, on unrestricted diet and with no febrile episode, were studied. Blood samples were collected before the intramuscular injection of 0.5 mL multivalent influenza vaccine (Inflexal Berna) and every 2 weeks thereafter. At the end of 4th week a second vaccination was done and a dosage of 200 mg of zinc acetate (60 mg elemental zinc) was given daily to each patient for at least 4 weeks. Before vaccination the antibody titers to influenza virus ranged from 1:10 to 1:80 and after vaccination from 1:20 to 1:640. Four weeks after vaccination 6/19 (31.5%), 8/19 (42%), and 10/19 (52.5%) patients showed a fourfold or greater increase at serum antibody titers to antigens A/Singapore, A/Sichuan, and B/Beijing, respectively. The zinc supplementation after the second vaccination induced a similar increase of serum antibody titers to the A/Singapore but some even greater increase of the antibody titers to the A/Sichuan and B/Beijing. Serum immunoglobulins and complement components C3/C4 were not changed during this study. It is suggested that about 50% of uremic patients respond to the influenza vaccination and that zinc treatment does not increase this responsiveness.
authors.affiliation: First Medical Department, University Hospital AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grekas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alivanis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kotzadamis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kiriazopoulou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pyrpasopoulos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tourkantonis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013997:Time Factors; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D015032:Zinc