title: Luteinized unruptured follicle in the early stages of endometriosis as a cause of unexplained infertility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We attempted to clarify the relationship between luteinized unruptured follicle, which occurs in the early stages of endometriosis, and unexplained infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients who had unexplained infertility were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopic examination showed that 47 patients (67%) had endometriosis; of these, 40 (85%) had minimal or mild disease. The incidence of luteinized unruptured follicle was higher (p < 0.05) in patients who had endometriosis (35%/patient and 25%/cycle) compared with patients who did not have endometriosis (11%/patient and 7%/cycle). Degenerated oocyte cumuli were collected in 6 (43%) of 14 luteinized unruptured follicles diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that luteinized unruptured follicle is common in patients who have mild or minimal endometriosis and that it may be one of the causes of endometriosis-associated infertility. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular puncture of luteinized unruptured follicle during the mid luteal phase may be useful in establishing a definitive diagnosis of luteinized unruptured follicle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mio
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terakawa
mesh_terms: D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography