title: Ethanol effects on the stratum corneum lipid phase behavior.
abstract: The stratum corneum is considered to be the diffusional barrier of mammalian skin for water and most solutes. The intercellular lipid multilayer domains of the stratum corneum are believed to be the diffusional pathway for most lipophilic solutes. Fluidization of the lipid multilayers in the presence of ethanol is frequently conceived to result in enhanced permeation. Current investigations address the effect of ethanol on the phase behavior in terms of stratum corneum lipid alkyl chain packing, mobility and conformational order as measured by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Phospholipid multilamellar vesicles were also studied as model systems. There appeared to be no effect of ethanol on either the solid-solid phase transition or the gel phase interchain coupling of the stratum corneum lipids. However, there was a reduction in the mobility of the alkyl chains in the presence of ethanol. Possible mechanistic relationships between the current FTIR spectroscopic results with available literature data of ethanol induced lipophilic solute penetration enhancement through the skin are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Abbott Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Product Division, North Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Krill
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knutson
authors.forename: W I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Higuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003903:Deuterium; D004058:Diffusion; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008560:Membrane Fluidity / Q000187:drug effects; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids; D000431:Ethanol; D003903:Deuterium