title: [Nicotinamide coenzymes in the regulation of cellular metabolism in various types of diabetes].
abstract: Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of nicotinamide in insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent types of diabetes have been investigated. Hypoglycemic effect of nicotinamide in alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced diabetes resulted in activation of NAD+ biosynthesis and corresponding alterations in the redox state of free nicotinamide coenzymes. Increase in the free NAD+/NADH ratio was accompanied by inhibition of key gluconeogenic enzymes and by a decrease in the rate of 2-14C-incorporation into glucose in liver tissue and by inhibition of sorbitol formation in lens tissue. Nicotinamide exhibited hypolipidemic effect in db/db mice with noninsulin-dependent diabetes. The agent inhibited the enzyme of primary steps of lipogenesis, altered the structure of intercellular CoA pool and lowered the rate of lipid biosynthesis in liver tissue, thus normalizing blood lipoprotein compositions.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Velikiĭ
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Obrosova
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Efimov
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Babicheva
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Sokil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D009536:Niacinamide
vernacular_title: Nikotinamidnye kofermenty v reguliatsii kletochnogo metabolizma pri raznykh tipakh diabeta.