title: Altered tissue polyamine levels due to ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate in traumatized growing rats.
abstract: All cells contain significant amounts of polyamines (PA), and their concentrations are highly regulated. Metabolic activity within a tissue may be reflected in the amount of intracellular PA. Since trauma involves accelerated death and regeneration of tissues, the related levels of PA in extracellular and intracellular fluids may reflect altered protein metabolism. Trauma induces an increased excretion of urinary PA, and the tissues responsible for this whole-body activity are not known. During posttraumatic nutritional management, supplementation with ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) seems to improve nitrogen economy. The present study evaluates the significance of muscle, liver, and intestine PA responses in traumatized (bilateral femur fractures) rats to the feeding of an isonitrogenous liquid diet supplemented with or without OKG. Uninjured control rats were pair-fed with respective traumatized rats. After 2 days of starvation and 4 days of feeding, the traumatized and control rats were killed and the tissues were excised and analyzed. Starvation decreases and refeeding increases urinary PA excretion. Trauma-induced PA response is predominantly seen in muscle tissues, and this may be responsible for parallel increases in PA excretion. Liver PA responses show a varying tendency confirming the increased protein synthetic activity due to trauma. Intestine has the highest intracellular PA levels, and there is a general smaller (statistically insignificant) increase in all the individual PA contents due to trauma. OKG supplementation augments tissue and urine PA responses in control rats; however, in trauma rats muscle PA levels show very little change, although nitrogen retention is significantly better (88% to 77%). Mechanistic studies are needed to evaluate the significances of the time-dependent, injury-induced, individual intracellular PA levels.
authors.affiliation: Trauma Center, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeevanandam
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Holaday
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D005269:Femur / Q000293:injuries; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis; D007422:Intestines / Q000293:injuries; D008099:Liver / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D009952:Ornithine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D011700:Putrescine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013095:Spermidine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D011073:Polyamines; C002118:ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate; D009952:Ornithine; D013095:Spermidine; D011700:Putrescine