title: A GC box in the bidirectional promoter is essential for expression of the human dihydrofolate reductase and mismatch repair protein 1 genes.
abstract: The human dihydrofolate reductase and mismatch repair protein 1 genes are organized in a head-to-head configuration separated by an 88 base-pair segment and directed by a bidirectional promoter. In vivo transient assays of the site directed mutant promoters using firefly luciferase as a reporter showed that an AT-rich sequence, ACAAATA, in the GC-rich promoter sequence is not required for transcription. However, two out of four GC boxes were shown to function as bidirectional positive regulatory elements. Among them, a GC box at the midpoint of the region between the two initiation sites is essential for supporting minimal bidirectional activity.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shinya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D051719:MutS DNA Mismatch-Binding Protein; D000074081:MutS Homolog 3 Protein; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D016385:TATA Box; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D008156:Luciferases; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D051719:MutS DNA Mismatch-Binding Protein; D000074081:MutS Homolog 3 Protein; D011506:Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; C078444:MSH3 protein, human; C497175:MutS protein, E coli; C421109:multidrug resistance-associated protein 1