title: Physiological changes in male competitive cyclists after two weeks of intensified training.
abstract: To study the physiological response to heavy training, seven male competitive cyclists intensified their normal training program for two weeks (IIT) in order to achieve a state of short-term overtraining. The subjects underwent a graded cycle ergometer test to exhaustion, an outdoor 8.5 km time trial and a computerized test to study reaction time and visual perception, before, during and after the two weeks of intensified training and after two weeks of recovery. Furthermore subjects kept a daily log in the form of a questionnaire. After two weeks of IIT all subjects showed symptoms of overtraining: the general state of well being declined as indicated by the questionnaire while performances on time trial (mean +/- SEM: 830 +/- 14 sec-871 +/- 19 sec), contests and maximal power output (mean +/- SEM: 336 7 watt-310 +/- 5 watt) declined significantly. Maximal (mean +/- SEM 11.8 +/- 1.1 mmol.l-1-5.9 +/- 0.5 mmol.l-1) and submaximal lactate values were significantly lowered during ergometer test after the IIT, while the workload at the 4 mmol point increased significantly (mean +/- SEM 234 +/- 10 watt-267 +/- 13 watt). Sleeping heart rate increased significantly (mean +/- SEM 49.5 +/- 9.3 BPM-54.3 +/- 8.8 BPM). Maximal heart rate (mean +/- SEM 185 +/- 3 BPM-178 +/- 2 BPM, mean heart rate during the time trial (mean +/- SEM 178 +/- 2 BPM-169 +/- 2 BPM) and VO2max (mean +/- SEM 4801 +/- 121 ml.min-1-4409 +/- 101 ml.min-1) were all significantly lowered by the IIT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physiology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Jeukendrup
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hesselink
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuipers
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Keizer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D005221:Fatigue; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid