title: Platypus envenomation--a painful learning experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe in detail for the first time, the clinical course and medical management of a significant human envenomation by the Australian platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 57-year-old man was envenomated via two spur wounds to the right hand from each hind leg of a male platypus. Pain was immediate, sustained, and devastating; traditional first aid analgesic methods were ineffective.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On admission to hospital, narcotics administered intravenously, both intermittently and by infusion, provided inadequate analgesia. A right wrist block was dramatically effective. After the blockade narcotic analgesic support was required for several days. The patient spent six days in hospital, and the envenomated area remained painful, swollen and with little movement for three weeks. Significant functional impairment of the hand persisted for three months, the cause of which is uncertain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male platypus venom remains largely unstudied. It produces savage local pain and marked local swelling, but no apparent tissue ischaemia. No antivenom is available; in its absence the only effective analgesia appears to be regional nerve blockade, when the envenomation site and available skills permit. Immobilisation assists.
authors.affiliation: Ambrose Medical Group, North Mackay, Qld.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fenner
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications*; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology*; D005383:Finger Injuries; D006225:Hand; D006230:Hand Injuries; D006801:Humans; D006941:Hyperesthesia / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010987:Platypus; D014688:Venoms / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D014688:Venoms