title: Myocardial stretch alters twitch characteristics and Ca2+ loading of sarcoplasmic reticulum in rat ventricular muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to determine the influence of diastolic muscle length on force development and timing parameters of cardiac muscle twitch contraction and to determine whether a length dependency exists for the calcium loading capacity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Right ventricular papillary muscles and trabeculae were isolated from hearts of female Wistar rats weighing 220-280 g. Papillary muscles were stretched to diastolic lengths of 90, 95, and 100% Lmax and paced at 1.0 Hz. Individual twitch profiles were characterised by their peak force and the maximum rate (dF/dt) of the positive and negative force changes. Intrinsic timing was identified through waveform analysis that divided the twitch profile into time domains for the ascending limb (T0-T1; T1-T2) and the descending limb (T2-T3; T3-T4). Each domain was compared at three muscle lengths. The sarcoplasmic reticular calcium content at short (1.88 microns) and long (2.11 microns) sarcomere lengths was characterised by rapid cooling contractures after 1 s and 60 s of diastolic rest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak developed force and the maximum rate of positive and negative force development decreased as diastolic muscle length was reduced from Lmax to 90% Lmax. The intrinsic timing for the segment that reflects the relaxation phase of the twitch (T1-T4) was shortened as muscle length was reduced. The time domain that reflects the combined effects of calcium release and the early phase of contraction (T0-T1) was insensitive to diastolic muscle length. The fractional release of sarcoplasmic reticular calcium at different muscle lengths was approximately 32-35% of the total sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data on the intrinsic timing of the twitch characteristics coupled with rapid cooling contracture analysis suggests a fractional calcium release that is approximately 32-35% of the total sarcoplasmic reticular capacity at either long or short muscle lengths. However, the loading capacity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is greater when the muscle operates at a shorter diastolic length. This can be interpreted as meaning that diastolic muscle length differentially influences sarcoplasmic reticular calcium storage and release processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kenno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium