title: Effects of Beauveria bassiana on embryos of the inland silverside fish (Menidia beryllina).
abstract: A chemical toxicity and teratogenicity test was adapted to assess potential adverse effects of a microbial pest control agent on a nontarget fish. Developing embryos of the inland silverside, Menidia beryllina, were exposed to conidiospores of the insect-pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Embryo rupture and death were observed. Embryo rupture did not always result in death, nor was death always associated with embryo rupture. Adherence of spores to the chorion, followed by germination and penetration by the germ tube, probably caused the embryos to rupture. Statistically significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) responses were observed in tests in which conidiospore concentrations were greater than or equal to 8.3 x 10(4) or less than or equal to 1.5 x 10(6)/ml. Conidiospores treated with a dispersant (biological detergent) showed significantly less binding (P less than or equal to 0.01) to embryos than did untreated spores. Both detergent-treated and heat-killed spores failed to cause significant adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Genthner
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Middaugh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000382:microbiology*; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000196:embryology / Q000382:microbiology*; D007300:Insect Control; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D009181:Mycoses / Q000196:embryology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013723:Teratogens
chemical_list: D013723:Teratogens