title: Variability of venous anatomy of rat testis: application to experimental testicular surgery.
abstract: The venous drainage of the testis of the laboratory rat was observed in 31 animals. The right testicular (internal spermatic) vein drained directly into the right common iliac vein in 77.4%, and into the inferior vena cava in 22.6% of the animals.  The left testicular vein drained into the left common iliac vein in all animals, but in 90.3% there was also an accessory branch of the testicular vein draining into the left renal vein. These observations suggest that in the rat the exact anatomy of the venous drainage of each testis should be identified prior to undertaking any surgical procedure on the testis where the venous vasculature plays a major role such as testicular transplantation or the creation of an experimental varicocele.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Torrance.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lemmi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rajfer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007084:Iliac Vein / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D017208:Rats, Wistar / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery*; D014680:Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000033:anatomy & histology