title: In vitro susceptibilities of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to a number of antimicrobial combinations.
abstract: The in vitro susceptibilities of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to 14 antimicrobial combinations were studied by using the checkerboard titration technique. The results, expressed as the range of the fractional inhibitory concentration indices, were as follows: for metronidazole or its hydroxymetabolite combined with cefixime, 0.2 to 0.6; for moxalactam, 0.2 to 0.6; for penicillin G, 0.3 to 0.6; for tobramycin, 0.8 to 2.0; for erythromycin, 0.8 to 1.7; for ciprofloxacin, 0.2 to 0.6; for tetracycline, 0.8 to 1.2. Our observations indicated that the beta-lactam antibiotics as well as ciprofloxacin act synergistically with both metronidazole and its hydroxymetabolite against A. actinomycetemcomitans. Synergistic interactions were independent of the individual MICs of the antibiotics tested. Erythromycin, tobramycin, and tetracycline combined with either metronidazole or its hydroxymetabolite showed additive to indifferent effects against the five strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans, with the fractional inhibitory concentration indices ranging from 0.8 to 2.0. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found to be highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin (MIC of ciprofloxacin for 90% of strains tested, 0.010 micrograms/ml) and cefixime (MIC of cefixime for 90% of strains tested, 0.8 micrograms/ml). The results indicate that in patients who are allergic to penicillin, cefixime and ciprofloxacin may be useful alternative antibiotics in combination with metronidazole for the treatment of A. actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis.
authors: Department of Oral Microbiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Pavicić
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: van Winkelhoff
authors: J
authors: J
authors: de Graaff
mesh_terms: D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008795:Metronidazole