Evidence for efficacy of drugs affecting bone metabolism in preventing hip fracture.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of taking drugs affecting bone metabolism on the risk of hip fracture in women aged over 50 years.


METHODS
Retrospective, population based, case-control study by questionnaire.


METHODS
14 centres in six countries in southern Europe.


METHODS
2086 women with hip fracture and 3532 control women matched for age.


METHODS
Number of drugs affecting bone metabolism taken and length taken for.


RESULTS
Women taking drugs affecting bone metabolism had a significantly decreased risk of hip fracture. After adjustment for differences in other risk factors, the relative risk of hip fractures was 0.55 (95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.85) in women taking oestrogens, 0.75 (0.60 to 0.94) in those taking calcium, and 0.69 (0.51 to 0.92) in those taking calcitonin. The fall in risk was not significant for anabolic steroids (0.6 (0.29 to 1.22)). Neither vitamin D nor fluorides were associated with a significant decrease in the risk of hip fracture. The effect on hip fracture risk increased significantly with increasing duration of exposure (risk ratio 0.8 (0.61 to 1.05) for less than median exposure v 0.66 (0.5 to 0.88) for greater than median exposure). Drugs were equally effective in older and younger women, with the exception of oestrogen.


CONCLUSIONS
Oestrogen, calcium, and calcitonins significantly decrease the risk of hip fracture. Short term intervention late in the natural course of osteoporosis may have significant effects on the incidence of hip fracture.
Kanis
J A
JA
Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Sheffield Medical School.
Johnell
O
O
Gullberg
B
B
Allander
E
E
Dilşen
G
G
Gennari
C
C
Lopes Vaz
A A
AA
Lyritis
G P
GP
Mazzuoli
G
G
Miravet
L
L
D000368:Aged; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use
D045930:Anabolic Agents; D004967:Estrogens; D014807:Vitamin D; D002116:Calcitonin; D002118:Calcium