title: Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with non-absorbable antibiotics.
abstract: Hepatic encephalopathy represents a well known neuropsychiatric syndrome in patients with either acute or chronic impaired liver function and is characterized by disturbance of consciousness, personality and intellectual capacity, altered neuromuscular activity and electroencephalographic abnormalities. The pathogenesis of the syndrome is still unknown, although important roles are ascribed to circulating gut-derived toxins of nitrogenous origin and to changing in central neurotransmission. Therefore, treatment is aimed to reduce the production and absorption of gut-derived toxins and to modify central neurotransmission balance. Among the different therapeutic approaches proposed for the management of hepatic encephalopathy, antimicrobial agents, alone or in combination with non-absorbable disaccharides, represent an important step, being able to reduce the production and absorption of ammonia, a compound of key importance in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.
authors: Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, Università di Bologna, Italy.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Festi
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Mazzella
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Parini
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ronchi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Cipolla
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Orsini
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sangermano
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Bazzoli
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Aldini
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Roda
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009355:Neomycin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012294:Rifamycins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000078262:Rifaximin
chemical_list: D012294:Rifamycins; D008795:Metronidazole; D000667:Ampicillin; D009355:Neomycin; D000078262:Rifaximin