title: Adenine nucleotide analogues, including gamma-phosphate-substituted analogues, are metabolised extracellularly in innervated frog sartorius muscle.
abstract: The metabolism of adenine nucleotides and of their analogues by ecto-enzymes in the innervated frog sartorius muscle was investigated with HPLC. The breakdown of beta, gamma-methylene-ATP was also evaluated by studying the ability of the adenosine uptake inhibitor, dipyridamole, and of the adenosine receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX), to modify the effect of beta, gamma-methylene-ATP on nerve-evoked twitches. ATP-gamma-S at low (10 microM) but not at high (> or = 100 microM) concentrations was quickly metabolised into a compound with a higher negative charge. L-ATP, homo-ATP and 2-methylthio-ATP were metabolised into compounds with a lower negative charge. Beta-gamma-Imido-ATP and gamma-anilino-ATP were only metabolised slightly. As determined by HPLC, beta, gamma-methylene-ATP was not metabolised. In contrast, this ATP analogue inhibited nerve-evoked twitch responses, an effect which was potentiated by dipyridamole and antagonised by DPCPX. Alpha, beta-Methylene-ATP was dephosphorylated into alpha, beta-methylene-ADP, which was virtually resistant to metabolism in the absence of ATP. In the presence of ATP, alpha, beta-methylene-ADP was transiently phosphorylated into alpha, beta-methylene-ATP. Formation of ATP from ADP was observed even in the absence of an exogenous phosphate donor, and was prevented by the adenylate kinase inhibitor, P1P5-di-(adenosine-5')pentaphosphate (AP5A). AP5A caused only partial inhibition of AMP formation from ADP. The results suggest that some ATP analogues with substitutions in the gamma-phosphate, such as ATP-gamma-S and beta, gamma-methylene-ATP, are metabolised in the innervated frog sartorius muscle. The ADP analogue, alpha, beta-methylene-ADP, might be a substrate for an ecto-nucleoside diphosphate kinase. ADP, besides being dephosphorylated, is also a substrate for an ecto-adenylate kinase in innervated frog sartorius muscle.
authors: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal.
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Cascalheira
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Sebastião
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D011895:Rana ridibunda; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D014970:Xanthines; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C051360:1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine