Mechanism of general adaptation.
An analysis of theories and results of corresponding studies indicate that the adaptive processes in organisms have to be discriminated to specific and nonspecific adaptive responses. The integrated sum of specific adaptive responses constitute homeostatic regulation in order to maintain a constant level of rigid constants of the body's internal milieu. The constancy of rigid constants (temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, and contents of ions, water and p0(2)) is necessary to ensure the optimal activity of enzymes. The nonspecific adaptive responses are directed towards the mobilization of the organism's reserves for energy and protein synthesis. Additionally, a general activation of the body's defence faculties is included into the nonspecific adaptive responses. The nonspecific adaptive responses constitute a coordinated mechanism of general adaptation. The mobilization of the reserve for protein synthesis is connected with induction of the adaptive synthesis of the enzyme and structural proteins in order to restore and develop the functional capacity of cellular structures that were highly active during acute influence of various stressors.
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Department of Exercise Biology, Tartu University, Estonia.
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology