title: HIV-1 infection among non-intravenous drug user female prostitutes in Spain. No evidence of evolution to pattern II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of HIV-1 infection among non-intravenous drug user (IVDU) female prostitutes in Spain and to determine risk factors for HIV-1 infection in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional seroepidemiological study of 519 non-IVDU prostitutes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four university hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants completed a questionnaire and provided a serum sample. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against HIV-1, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Treponema pallidum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve out of the 519 (2.31%) participants were HIV-1-seropositive. HIV-1 infection was associated with the presence of both HCV and T. pallidum antibodies, multiple sex partners, longer history of prostitution, history of genital ulcers and anal intercourse. Condom use was associated with HIV-1 seronegativity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HIV-1 infection in non-IVDU prostitutes in Spain remains relatively low. Risk increases with a higher rate of sexual exposure and practices such as anal intercourse and unprotected coitus.
authors: Viral Hepatitis and AIDS Study Group, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Pineda
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Aguado
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Rivero
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Vergara
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Hernández-Quero
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Luque
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Pino
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Abad
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Santos
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Cruz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D011477:Sex Work; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous; D013587:Syphilis / Q000150:complications