title: Immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIVs) and other adjuvants for improved presentation of small antigens.
abstract: Synthetic peptides, purified subunits or inactivated small virus particles require immunopotentiation if they are to be effective vaccines. A large range of procedures to enhance immunogenicity has evolved over the last decades: aluminium salts, proteosomes, immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs), liposomes, conjugation with bacterial products or derivatives, combination with surface-active agents or application of cytokines have been the most described classes of adjuvants. We describe here the design of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine adjuvanted with immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIVs). The formalin-inactivated hepatitis A particles are attached to reconstituted protein-lipid complexes consisting of a mixture of phospholipids and influenza virus glycoproteins. With this new vaccine design we combined different immunostimulating effects: immunopotentiation by phospholipid vesicles, recognition of the haemagglutinin (HA) epitopes by the immune system, binding capacity of HA to sialic acid-containing receptors of macrophages and immunocompetent cells and mediation of entry into the cytoplasm of macrophages by a membrane-fusion event triggered by HA. Hepatitis A seronegative human volunteers received one intramuscular injection with this new vaccine. There were only few mild local reactions and 14 days after vaccination 100% of the subjects were seropositive. Among the individuals (control group) who received an alum-adsorbed vaccine, 88% developed local reactions. The seroconversion rate was 44%. We conclude from these results that the IRIVs provide a new approach to the future design of adjuvanted vaccines.
authors: Department of Virology, Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute, Berne.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Glück
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines; D006801:Humans; D016882:ISCOMs; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D008081:Liposomes; D014612:Vaccines; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D016207:Cytokines; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines; D016882:ISCOMs; D008081:Liposomes; D014612:Vaccines; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines