title: Digital path-dependent recompensation of contrast-enhanced echocardiographic images.
abstract: The regional video intensity of two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonographic images is directly affected by energy losses from the ultrasonic beam propagating between the transducer and the specific region of interest (ROI). These losses are mainly dependent on the scattering and absorption properties of the more proximal tissues. The commonly utilized automatic time-gain compensation (TGC) procedures, based on the assumption of uniform scattering and energy conversion throughout the investigated tissues and organs, seem to be largely inadequate in the contrast echocardiographic studies which attempt to quantitate the contrast enhancement of myocardial tissue. We hereby present an algorithm for the non-linear adaptive path-dependent recompensation of the ultrasonographic video intensity for the non-uniform scattering and absorption in images obtained using automatic TGC. The variable energy losses are estimated in our technique according to the reflections from the different points along the acoustic beam. The proposed algorithm is a post-processing function. It was developed considering beam attenuation by scattering and absorption and comparing correction procedures necessary with and without the assumption of uniform attenuation. We hereby present the results obtained by applying this algorithm to contrast enhanced echocardiographic images of canine hearts. The artifacts produced by the inadequate automatic TGC are essentially reduced by the recompensation procedure. The recompensation allows the observation of the changes in video intensity induced in the myocardial tissue by contrast-enhancing media, which are otherwise severely obscured by contrast transit altering the propagation effects.
authors: School of Physics, Sackler Faculty of the Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Mor-Avi
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Akselrod
authors: D
authors: D
authors: David
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Keselbrener
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D004285:Dogs; D004452:Echocardiography; D007089:Image Enhancement; D014159:Transducers
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; C060687:Albunex; D003287:Contrast Media