title: The origin of water and urea sampled at bronchoalveolar lavage in asthmatic and control subjects.
abstract: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) urea has been advocated as a denominator that might allow for the dilution of the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid sampled at BAL, and so provide a meaningful method of expressing BAL data. We investigated the origin of water and urea sampled at BAL in five asthmatic and five control subjects using radiolabeled urea injected intravenously 5 min before BAL. Labeled BAL urea was found to be fully equilibrated with that in the bloodstream. A strong relationship was found between influx of radiolabeled water and radiolabeled urea from blood to BAL fluid, suggesting that urea sampled at BAL may be derived predominantly from an acute movement from the bloodstream into the BAL aspirate. We conclude that urea is an inappropriate denominator for the expression of BAL results, and that the fluid and solute dynamics that occur during BAL are both complex and variable.
authors: Department of Medical Physics, Newcastle General Hospital, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Ward
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Duddridge
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Fenwick
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Williams
authors: P V
authors: PV
authors: Gardiner
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Hendrick
authors: E H
authors: EH
authors: Walters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001834:Body Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D004848:Epithelium; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D008875:Middle Aged; D014316:Tritium; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D014316:Tritium; D014508:Urea