title: Origin of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in amniotic fluid.
abstract: A large amount of M-CSF and G-CSF exists in human amniotic fluid and both are considered to have some physiological affect on maintaining pregnancy. We therefore examined the source of M-CSF and G-CSF found in the amniotic fluid. The average level of M-CSF in the amniotic fluid of patients without complications was 17.3 +/- 8.5 ng/ml and that of G-CSF 1.85 +/- 1.72 ng/ml, both being high values. In neonatal urine, the average level of M-CSF was also very high, 144.3 +/- 97.0 ng/ml, but that of G-CSF was below the determination limit of 60 pg/ml. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that production of M-CSF and G-CSF was localized in the epithelial cells of fetal membrane. On the basis of the above observations, M-CSF was found to derive from neonatal urine and the epithelial cells of fetal membrane, and G-CSF from the epithelial cells of fetal membrane.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Prefectural Habikino Hospital, Japan.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Saito
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Saito
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nakagawa
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ichijo
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Motoyoshi
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor