title: Characterization of acetylcholine- and endothelin-induced calcium entry in cultured human ciliary muscle cells.
abstract: We characterized the effects of acetylcholine and endothelin on cultured human ciliary muscle cells, using the calcium-sensitive dye fura-2 to measure intracellular calcium and intracellular microelectrodes to measure the membrane potential. Both agonists, endothelin and acetylcholine, had a typical biphasic effect on the intracellular calcium concentration. Calcium peaked initially, because of its release from intracellular stores, and then reached a plateau, owing to entry of extracellular calcium. Endothelin-induced calcium entry was almost completely blocked by addition of extracellular La3+ (50 mumol/l) and Ni2+ (1 mmol/l). Acetylcholine-induced calcium entry was likewise almost completely abolished by La3+ and Ni2+. Both endothelin and acetylcholine led to an initial transient hyperpolarization with a subsequent depolarization. The hyperpolarization of the membrane potential had a time course similar to the initial calcium peak, while the depolarization occurred parallel to the calcium plateau. The depolarization induced by both agonists was reduced in the presence of La3+ and Ni2+. Verapamil (10 mumol/l) had no effect on either the calcium entry or the depolarization. Acetylcholine did not induce a [Ca2+]i peak when it was applied during the endothelin-induced [Ca2+]i plateau and vice versa. The [Ca2+]i plateau was not higher with concomitant than with single application of acetylcholine or endothelin. Thus, calcium entry and membrane depolarization induced by acetylcholine and endothelin seem to be mediated by a common La(3+)- and Ni(2+)-sensitive but verapamil-insensitive mechanism.
authors: Institut für Klinische Physiologie, Klinikum Steglitz, Freien Universität Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Stahl
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Gebauer
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lepple-Wienhues
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Langenbeck-Groh
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Berweck
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Wiederholt
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D016232:Endothelins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D016232:Endothelins; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002118:Calcium