title: Dysphoric distress in childbearing women.
abstract: Previous research on depression in childbearing women has focused on the presence or absence of clinical depression. Little attention has been paid to the distress caused by the presence of depressive symptoms in the absence of the full syndrome of clinical depression. A convenience sample of 202 healthy, married, primigravid women who were free of psychiatric symptoms were assessed at 10 to 14 weeks and 30 to 32 weeks of pregnancy and at 1 to 2 weeks and 14 weeks post partum. Depression symptoms were measured by using the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, the standardized clinical interview for research and depression of The National Institute of Mental Health. Data from the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia indicated that only 5% of the women met criteria for clinical depression but approximately 50% of the sample reported clinical levels of three or more depressive symptoms. Anger, fatigue, psychic anxiety, and worry were the most frequently endorsed symptoms at each assessment point. The implications of these findings for symptom management and health promotion for childbearing women are discussed.
authors: Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco 94143.
authors: D D
authors: DD
authors: Affonso
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Lovett
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Paul
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sheptak
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Nussbaum
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Newman
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology