title: Horner's syndrome: a retrospective analysis of 90 cases and recommendations for clinical handling.
abstract: The records of 90 cases of oculosympathetic paresis (1982-1991), 39 women and 51 men aged between 3 months and 82 years, were evaluated. The mean baseline anisocoria was 0.92 mm but did not exceed 2.4 mm. The mean difference in the position of the upper eyelid was 2.3 mm. Enophthalmus of 1 mm or more was found in only 25% and exophthalmus of 1 mm or more, in 18%. Exophthalmus or enophthalmus of more than 2 mm was not encountered. The cocaine test (5% solution in most cases) was performed in 85 cases and could be quantified in 65 cases. The average dilation of the involved pupil was 0.52 mm, whereas the normal pupil dilated 2.14 mm. The average postcocaine anisocoria was 2.54 mm. Hydroxyamphetamine 1% dilated the involved pupil in cases with presumed preganglionic lesions slightly more than the normal fellow pupil (2.39 mm and 2.09 mm respectively). The difference was significant (P < 0.05). In postganglionic lesions, the hydroxyamphetamine dilation was 0.57 mm. The hydroxyamphetamine test had a specificity of 90% for postganglionic lesions and 88% for preganglionic. An underlying acquired disease could be identified in 53 cases; 6 cases were congenital. In 37 cases (including the congenital ones), no cause was found. Among the 33 preganglionic lesions, only one malignant tumor was found, whereas 6 malignant tumors were encountered among the 20 postganglionic cases. Additional ocular motor palsies or other local signs were present in these 6 cases. Goiter was frequently associated with preganglionic Horner's syndrome.
authors: Abteilung für Pathophysiologie des Sehens und Neuroophthalmologie, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Wilhelm
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ochsner
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Kopycziok
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Trauzettel-Klosinski
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Schiefer
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Zrenner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015875:Anisocoria / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003042:Cocaine; D005260:Female; D006732:Horner Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007498:Iris / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D010136:p-Hydroxyamphetamine
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010136:p-Hydroxyamphetamine; D003042:Cocaine