title: Transfer of Timentin (ticarcillin and clavulanic acid) across the in vitro perfused human placenta: comparison with other agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In vitro perfusion of human placentas was used to quantify the net placental transfer of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placentas were obtained from uncomplicated pregnancies at term. The maternal and fetal circulations were reestablished at flow rates of 17.5 ml/min and 5 ml/min, respectively. Open circulations were used to evaluate steady-state pharmacodynamics and transplacental gradient formation. Drug levels were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clearance index of ticarcillin was 0.037 +/- 0.004. The fetal/maternal ratio was 0.91. Therapeutic concentrations of clavulanate (2 to 6 micrograms/ml) in the maternal media resulted in undetectable transfer to the fetal compartment. By using higher levels of clavulanate, a clearance index of 0.061 +/- 0.001 (mean +/- SEM) and 1:1 fetal/maternal gradient was obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data correspond to relatively low transfer of ticarcillin with a cord/maternal ratio of < 1. Clavulanate transfer is slightly greater. Agents with similar activity and superior transfer would optimize intrauterine treatment.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112.
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Fortunato
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Bawdon
authors: K F
authors: KF
authors: Swan
authors: E C
authors: EC
authors: Bryant
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sobhi
mesh_terms: D019818:Clavulanic Acid; D002969:Clavulanic Acids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010477:Perfusion; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013982:Ticarcillin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D065093:beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
chemical_list: D002969:Clavulanic Acids; D065093:beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; D019818:Clavulanic Acid; C043215:ticarcillin-clavulanic acid; D013982:Ticarcillin