Venezuelan equine encephalitis-specific immunoglobulin responses: live attenuated TC-83 versus inactivated C-84 vaccine.
Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)-specific immunoglobulin responses to the two vaccines, TC-83 (a live attenuated vaccine) and C-84 (a formalin inactivated vaccine derived from the TC-83 strain of virus) were evaluated using an antigen and isotype-specific enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). The VEE-specific ELISA for IgG, IgG subclasses, IgA and IgM were developed and standardized using sera from vaccine-exposed and unexposed human subjects. Paired human sera (before and 28 days after immunization) were tested from laboratory workers vaccinated with either TC-83 (Group A: 20 paired sera from subjects receiving a single TC-83 vaccine and with no prior history of vaccination) or C-84 in varying schedules (Group B: 19 paired sera from subjects who had a distant vaccination history to TC-83 but no evidence of neutralizing antibody; Group C: 19 paired sera from subjects receiving their first C-84 vaccination and no prior documented history of vaccination; Group D: 15 paired sera from subjects receiving a C-84 booster vaccination with prior history of C-84 but no TC-83 exposure). Sera were all tested for viral neutralization in vitro using a Vero cell monolayer for culturing virus and establishing 80% plaque reduction for each serum tested. All pre-sera tested demonstrated no plaque reduction neutralization at a level of 80% for a dilution of 1:10. ELISA antibody titers for all pre-sera with no prior VEE exposure through vaccination or possible environmental factors were negative at a titer of 1:160 for IgM, 1:80 for IgG, IgA, and G subclasses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Engler
R J
RJ
Allergy-Immunology Service, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research/Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C.
Mangiafico
J A
JA
Jahrling
P
P
Ksiazek
T G
TG
Pedrotti-Krueger
M
M
Peters
C J
CJ
D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D004666:Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / Q000276:immunology*; D004685:Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines