title: External fixation of lower limb fractures in children.
abstract: Thirty-four tibial and femoral shaft fractures in 32 children between the ages of 3 and 15 years were treated by external fixation over a 5-year period. The indications were fractures occurring in association with other major injuries and failure of conservative treatment to maintain satisfactory reduction. There was one case of delayed union and one early refracture. The overall pin track infection rate was 6%, but the rate for the tibial pins (2.1%) was much lower than for the femoral pins (10.3%). Union was achieved at an average of 11.7 weeks in the femoral fractures and 10.0 weeks in the tibial fractures. The use of external fixation is recommended for childhood femoral and tibial fractures, particularly in children with multiple injuries.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England.
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Gregory
authors: T C
authors: TC
authors: Cubison
authors: I M
authors: IM
authors: Pinder
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D016267:External Fixators / Q000592:standards*; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D007870:Leg Length Inequality / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome