Creatine kinase and enolase: intracellular enzymes serving as markers of central nervous system damage in neuropsychiatric disorders.
A frequently used method to assess cellular dysfunction and damage in humans is to document the presence of uniquely intracellular proteins in extracellular spaces. Thus, increased plasma levels of transaminases generally reflect hepatocellular damage (Lieber 1978), increases in the cardiac fractions of creatine kinase (CK, or CPK for creatine phosphokinase) or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are diagnostic for myocardial infarction (Armstrong et al. 1979; 1982), and increases of skeletal muscle fractions of CK may indicate myopathy (Goto 1974; Ford 1984). Similarly, a number of enzymes and proteins serve as tumor markers in a variety of malignant cancer (e.g., Concannon et al. 1974; Foti et al. 1977).
el-Mallakh
R S
RS
Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Neuropsychiatric Research Hospital, Washington, DC.
Egan
M
M
Wyatt
R J
RJ
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000523:psychology; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000502:physiology; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000523:psychology; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood*
D015415:Biomarkers; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase