title: Induction of synthesis and release of interleukin-8 from human articular chondrocytes and cartilage explants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The activation of neutrophils in the joint space may contribute to the destruction of cartilage matrix observed in rheumatoid arthritis. The capacity of articular chondrocytes to synthesize and secrete interleukin-8 (IL-8) and GRO alpha, two potent neutrophil chemoattractant peptides, was investigated to determine whether cartilage itself could serve as a source of these small cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Induction of IL-8 and GRO protein was studied both at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and the protein level by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction and metabolic labeling, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strong induction of IL-8 was observed in primary cultures of articular chondrocytes as well as in cartilage explants stimulated with IL-1 beta. The increased secretion of the IL-8 protein was accompanied by corresponding increases in mRNA levels. In contrast to other connective tissue cells, a peptide corresponding in molecular size to the GRO proteins was only weakly induced in cartilage explants or primary chondrocyte cultures. However, mRNA for all 3 members of the GRO family was easily detectable in cultured chondrocytes following stimulation with IL-1 beta. In explanted cartilage, mRNA for only GRO gamma was found to be induced. Newly synthesized IL-8 was slowly released from cartilage explants over a prolonged time in culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that synthesis and secretion of the diverse members of the IL-8/GRO family is regulated in a tissue-specific or cell-specific manner. The slow release of IL-8 from articular cartilage following induction by IL-1 beta could establish a chemotactic gradient toward the articular surface and mediate the migration and attachment of neutrophils and lymphocytes to this tissue.
authors: Joint Diseases Laboratory, Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Recklies
authors: E E
authors: EE
authors: Golds
mesh_terms: D001345:Autoradiography; D001483:Base Sequence; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004247:DNA