title: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems for restoration of motor function of paralyzed muscles--versatile systems and a portable system.
abstract: Multichannel functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems were developed to restore the motor functions of the paralyzed muscles, i.e. two kinds of versatile systems for laboratory use and a practical portable system were developed. The first microcomputer-based FES system was composed of an 8 bit microcomputer (PC-8801mkII) with a voice recognition board and 30 stimulation outputs, in which the voice commands were used for selecting a motion pattern, and for executing (start), (hold), (restart) and (stop) commands. In combination with the voice commands, a proportional control command detected from a head angle sensor was used for volitional control of motion. The second microcomputer-based FES system was composed of a 16 bit microcomputer (PC-9801 UV or compatible) with flexible control capabilities (e.g. respiratory sensors) for volitional control and with 64 stimulation outputs. An originally designed practical portable FES system was 89 x 145 x 31 mm in dimension and 380 g in weight. This paper describes the system configurations, the control methods of these FES systems and three examples of the clinical applications of the FES systems.
authors: Department of Anatomy and Advanced Medical Science, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Handa
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Handa
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ichie
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Murakami
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Hoshimiya
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ishikawa
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ohkubo
mesh_terms: D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008838:Microcomputers; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012984:Software; D012985:Software Design; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted