title: Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: comparison of 22-gauge and 25-gauge Whitacre needles with 26-gauge Quincke needles.
abstract: We have studied 150 women undergoing elective Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. They were allocated randomly to have a 22-gauge Whitacre, a 25-gauge Whitacre or a 26-gauge Quincke needle inserted into the lumbar subarachnoid space. The groups were compared for ease of insertion, number of attempted needle insertions before identification of cerebrospinal fluid, quality of subsequent analgesia and incidence of postoperative complications. There were differences between groups, but they did not reach statistical significance. Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) was experienced by one mother in the 22-gauge Whitacre group, none in the 25-gauge Whitacre group and five in the 26-gauge Quincke group. Five of the six PDPH occurred after a single successful needle insertion. Seven of the 15 mothers in whom more than two needle insertions were made experienced backache, compared with 12 of the 129 receiving two or less (P < 0.001). We conclude that the use of 22- and 25-gauge Whitacre needles in elective Caesarean section patients is associated with a low incidence of PDPH and that postoperative backache is more likely when more than two attempts are made to insert a spinal needle.
authors: Sir Humphry Davy Department of Anaesthesia, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol.
authors: L E
authors: LE
authors: Shutt
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Valentine
authors: M Y
authors: MY
authors: Wee
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Page
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Prosser
authors: T A
authors: TA
authors: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001416:Back Pain / Q000209:etiology; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles / Q000009:adverse effects