title: Synthetic approaches to vaccines for infectious and autoimmune diseases.
abstract: The development is outlined of some synthetic vaccines against infectious diseases, in particular cholera, shigella and influenza. In the last case, use of the synthetic adjuvant MDP in combination with a haemagglutinin peptide has led to a synthetic vaccine with built-in adjuvanticity. The production of vaccines both by chemical synthesis and genetic engineering is described. The successful use of the synthetic amino acid copolymer COP-1 as an immunomodulatory vaccine to suppress the onset of allergic encephalomyelitis in experimental animals has led to clinical trials with patients suffering from exacerbating remitting multiple sclerosis. T-cell vaccination is an alternative approach to immunization against autoimmune diseases.
authors: Department of Chemical Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sela
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Arnon
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000276:immunology; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000628:therapy; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000276:immunology; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation; D014611:Vaccination; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; C021759:(T,G)-A-L