title: A mathematical integration of energy and amino acid metabolism of lactating sows.
abstract: A dynamic mathematical model of energy and protein metabolism of lactating sows is described in this article. The model is designed to contribute to a systematic and quantitative understanding of the biological connection between diet and reproduction. It traces the flow of energy-containing nutrients from absorption through intermediary metabolism, into and out of body stores, and into milk. State variables (pools) include lysine, other amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, acetate, propionate, acetyl-coenzyme A, ATP, oxygen, carbon dioxide, urea, lean-body protein, visceral protein, storage triacylglycerol, milk protein, milk triacylglycerol, and milk lactose. The rate of each transaction is a function of substrate and inhibitor concentrations, assuming saturable kinetics. Protein and fat turnover, substrate cycles, and the energy cost of membrane transport are explicitly considered. Dynamic simulation of a complete lactation is accomplished by iterating the numerical integration of 16 first-order, nonlinear differential equations, each associated with a pool. Most kinetic parameters were estimated indirectly. Preliminary tests suggest the model is sound. It promises to be useful as a research tool and, with further development, as a guide to practical feeding strategies.
authors: Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul 55108.
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Pettigrew
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gill
authors: J
authors: J
authors: France
authors: W H
authors: WH
authors: Close
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D008239:Lysine