title: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-1 receptor antagonist, and TNF alpha production in whole blood.
abstract: The ability of an individual to mount defense responses to infection depend in part on the capacity to produce cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The specialized equipment, labor intensity, and sterile practice required for the standard in vitro evaluation of cytokine production can make such evaluation impractical in some clinical situations. We report a method for stimulating whole blood to produce cytokines that can be implemented in laboratories without tissue culture facilities and requires minimal sample preparation. IL-1 beta and TNF alpha production in whole blood samples was stimulated with endotoxin and/or phytohemagglutinin in standard EDTA-containing vacuum collection tubes. After incubation, plasma was removed and frozen for later assay. Comparison of this whole blood method with isolated mononuclear cell cultures indicated a significant correlation for IL-1 beta production (r = 0.746, P = 0.005). This technique also produced the newly described cytokine, IL-1 receptor antagonist. We conclude that the whole blood method is an acceptable alternative to isolated cell culture methods for measuring IL-1 beta in situations that preclude the standard in vitro approach.
authors: Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Nerad
authors: J K
authors: JK
authors: Griffiths
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Van der Meer
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Endres
authors: D D
authors: DD
authors: Poutsiaka
authors: G T
authors: GT
authors: Keusch
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bennish
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Salam
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Dinarello
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Cannon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D013696:Temperature; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha