title: Ventilation in chronic heart failure: effects of physical training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of exercise training on ventilatory function in chronic heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observer blinded random allocation crossover training and detraining trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment in hospital based clinical laboratory; training home based.
  
  
  METHODS
  22 patients with chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II or III) recruited from a tertiary referral centre. All finished the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bicycle ergometer exercise for 20 minutes a day, five days a week for eight weeks at 70%-80% of maximum heart rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exercise capacity on graded incremental exercise test, minute ventilation, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide output.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak work load increased from 96 W to 112 W and peak oxygen consumption from 14.1 ml/kg/min to 15.4 ml/kg/min (p < 0.01). At submaximal workloads carbon dioxide excretion (VCO2) and minute ventilation (Vi) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) though oxygen consumption was unchanged. The relation between Vi and carbon dioxide excretion changed: the slope of the Vi to VCO2 plot decreased from 38.6 to 35.3, indicating an improvement in overall ventilary efficiency. The instantaneous carbon dioxide ventilatory equivalent (Vi/VCO2) decreased at submaximal workloads, and reached a lower minimum value after training, indicating that optimum ventilatory performance improved. The exercise capacity of patients was related to the optimum ventilatory performance. It is suggested that this may in part be mediated through changes in skeletal muscles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise training reduces the ventilatory abnormalities in chronic heart failure; thus some of these changes may be due to physical deconditioning.
authors: Department of Cardiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Davey
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Meyer
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Coats
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Adamopoulos
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Casadei
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Conway
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Sleight
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D011897:Random Allocation; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide