Bone marrow microenvironment and the progression of multiple myeloma.
The BM microenvironment in MM, in terms of adhesive features, is well organized to entrap circulating precursors with BM-seeking properties and is able to produce cytokines that offer them the optimal conditions for local growth and final differentiation. Likewise, the malignant B cell clone is equipped with adhesion molecules which enable the cell to establish close contacts with BM stromal cells. Furthermore a number of cytokines are released including IL-1 beta and M-CSF activating BM stromal cells to produce other cytokines, such as IL-6, that stimulate the proliferation of plasma cells. Finally, most cytokines produced locally, including IL-1 beta, TNF-beta, M-CSF, IL-3 and IL-6, also have OAF properties, explaining why the expansion of the B cell clone parallels the activation and numerical increase of the osteoclast population.
Caligaris-Cappio
F
F
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università di Torino, Italy.
Gregoretti
M G
MG
Merico
F
F
Gottardi
D
D
Ghia
P
P
Parvis
G
G
Bergui
L
L
D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000473:pathology; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000473:pathology
D016207:Cytokines