title: Response to 35% CO2 in patients with chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several interview studies have suggested that panic disorder (PD) exists in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries (NCA). Interview studies require corroboration by other studies in order to validate them. The purpose of this study is to test whether response to the inhalation of 35% CO2 reliably discriminates between PD and non-panic disorder patients in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups were studied: six with NCA and PD, five with NCA and no PD, and ten in the control group. All subjects breathed room air, then 35% CO2 in a single-blind fashion. Each completed the Acute Panic Inventory (API) before and during the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NCA-panic group scored significantly higher than the other two groups on the Acute Panic Inventory from baseline to post-inhalation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite several methodological limitations including a relatively small number people in each cells, 35% CO2 was shown to trigger more intense responses in panic patients, thus helping to validate the interview findings.
authors: University of California, Irvine.
authors: B D
authors: BD
authors: Beitman
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Logue
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Thomas
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Bartels
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide