title: Pneumocystis carinii induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by alveolar macrophages: modulation by pentamidine isethionate.
abstract: Pneumocystis carinii, and the inflammatory response it provokes, together contribute to irreversible lung damage in immunocompromised patients. P. carinii cysts were found to be capable of inducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) release from alveolar macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. At physiologically achievable concentrations, pentamidine isethionate (pentamidine) substantially reduces such production. Pretreatment of alveolar macrophages (AM phi) with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) synergizes with P. carinii to produce increased levels of TNF, a condition which pentamidine was also able to antagonize. Pentamidine treatment did not interfere with the phagocytic ability of AM phi. Considering clinical reduction of TNF could lessen P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) induced inflammation, the efficacy of pentamidine in the treatment of PCP may be partially associated with its ability to inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF.
authors: Immunotoxicology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Corsini
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Dykstra
authors: W A
authors: WA
authors: Craig
authors: R R
authors: RR
authors: Tidwell
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Rosenthal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D011010:Pneumocystis / Q000276:immunology*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010419:Pentamidine; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase