Type A behavior pattern and emotion expression in younger and older adults.
Eighty younger (less than 50 years, M = 28 years) and 80 older (more than 50 years, M = 69 years) Type A and Type B Ss were evaluated for Type A behavior pattern using the Structured Interview (SI) and given personality tests for anxiety, depression, anger, aggression, hostility, and anger-in-anger-out. Ss also underwent an emotion induction procedure. Videotapes of the emotion induction procedure (N = 160) and the SI (N = 80) were coded for facial expression of emotion. Type As did not differ from Bs on anxiety or depression but did on anger and aggression. Type As showed anger inhibition and anger bound to shame, as predicted by emotion socialization theory. The greatest number of differential effects were observed between age groups. Older individuals, in general, were more emotionally expressive than younger Ss across a range of emotions. Women appeared more conflicted about anger expression than men, and Type A women more so than Type A men.
Malatesta-Magai
C
C
Department of Psychology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 11201.
Jonas
R
R
Shepard
B
B
Culver
L C
LC
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D000786:Anger; D001143:Arousal; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012094:Repression, Psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D012928:Social Desirability; D014434:Type A Personality; D014705:Verbal Behavior