title: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery.
abstract: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) has emerged as a minimally invasive means of resecting rectal tumors. Developed in Germany and now being used with increasing frequency in the United States, TEM utilizes a 40-mm operating rectoscope, which is sealed with an airtight facepiece. Carbon dioxide is constantly infused, thereby distending the rectum and maintaining visibility. A variety of instruments, such as tissue graspers, a high-frequency knife, suction, and needle holders, are inserted through the facepiece. Adenomas that are small, large, or even circumferential, as well as selected carcinomas up to 24 cm, can be removed with TEM instrumentation. The optics provide sixfold magnification, and this, combined with the constantly distended operative field, allows for a precise excision of the tumor as well as closure of the wound. For lesions in the mid and upper rectum, TEM is an alternative to a transsacral or transabdominal approach, with subsequently shorter hospital stay and fewer complications.
authors: Department of General Surgery, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612.
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Saclarides
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Smith
authors: S T
authors: ST
authors: Ko
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Orkin
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Buess
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery; D001003:Anal Canal; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000601:surgery; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011300:Preoperative Care; D020700:Proctoscopes; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012005:Rectal Prolapse / Q000601:surgery; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology