Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a review of its mechanics, advantages, complications, and areas of controversy.
OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of this article is to review the mechanics, advantages, complications, pharmacokinetics, and future trends of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) as they pertain to pharmacotherapy.


METHODS
Pertinent articles were obtained from an English-language literature search using MEDLINE (1980-1991), Index Medicus (1987-1990), and bibliographic reviews of review articles. Indexing terms included peritoneal dialysis, pharmacokinetics, peritonitis, vancomycin, and fluoroquinolones.


RESULTS
All clinical studies comparing organism recovery methods and treatment of peritonitis have methodologic limitations (e.g., comparison of disparate patient groups, different definitions of peritonitis, lack of follow-up, lack of control for sterile cultures) that may affect the reported results.


CONCLUSIONS
CAPD is an alternative to hemodialysis for the treatment of endstage renal disease and has many complications, leading to significant morbidity. This indicates that CAPD is not appropriate for all patients. Using blood-culturing techniques to culture for dialysate is most productive, but also the most costly. There are few data to indicate exactly the drugs, doses, and durations of choice for peritonitis. Both intraperitoneal and oral administration appear to be appropriate.
Bailie
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Albany College of Pharmacy, NY 12208.
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D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D014640:Vancomycin