title: A cross-sectional study of echocardiographic indices, treadmill exercise capacity and microvascular complications in Nigerian patients with hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Associations between hypertension and cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus in Nigerians, were examined in a cross-sectional study. 20 hypertensive-diabetic patients, 16 hypertensive patients, 10 non-hypertensive diabetic patients and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, underwent M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiography, and Bruce-protocol treadmill exercise performance. Left ventricular (LV) mass indices (+/- SD) were significantly higher in hypertensive patients (164 +/- 12gm-2), diabetic (158 +/- 17gm-2) and hypertensive diabetic patients (125 +/- 129gm-2) compared with normal controls (111 +/- 17gm-2) p < 0.01. However, the LV mass index in the hypertensive-diabetic patients was significantly less than in hypertensive (p < 0.05) or normotensive diabetic patients (p < 0.05). Systolic cardiac contractility measured as fractional fibre shortening, was preserved in the hypertensive patients (24 +/- 4%) compared with the healthy controls (23 +/- 4%), but was depressed in diabetic patients (19 +/- 3%) and to a greater extent in the hypertensive-diabetic patients (15 +/- 4% p < 0.01). Treadmill exercise tolerance time was reduced independently in hypertension (309 +/- 73 seconds) or diabetes (321 +/- 119 seconds), p < 0.05, but was further impaired in hypertensive-diabetic patients (289 +/- 110 seconds) p < 0.01 compared to the healthy controls (490 +/- 156 seconds). The patients with hypertension and diabetes had a greater degree of proteinuria (p < 0.001) and a higher frequency of retinopathy (p < 0.001), in comparison to those with hypertension or diabetes alone.
authors: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
authors: R O
authors: RO
authors: Babalola
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Ajayi
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D013599:Systole