Phorbol ester reduces constitutive nuclear NF kappa B and inhibits HIV-1 production in mature human monocytic cells.
NF kappa B is a potent mediator of specific gene expression in human monocytes and has been shown to play a role in transcription of the HIV-1 genome in promonocytic leukemias. There is little information available on the response of NF kappa B to cytokines in normal human monocytes. We have used a 32P-labeled oligonucleotide derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) long terminal repeat, which contains a tandem repeat of the NF kappa B binding sequence, as a probe in a gel retardation assay to study this transcription factor. Using this assay, we have detected NF kappa B in extracts of nuclei from normal human monocytes. Treatment of normal monocytes with 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 4-24 h caused the complete disappearance of NF kappa B from nuclear extracts of monocytes. A similar result was obtained with the mature monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. The constitutive transcription factor SP1 was unaffected by addition of TPA. The disappearance of NF kappa B from the nucleus was concentration dependent between 10 and 50 ng/ml of phorbol ester. In THP-1 cells, TPA also induced a new, faster-migrating NF kappa B species not induced in monocytes. Protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine, but not cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitor HA-1004, also dramatically reduced constitutive levels of nuclear NF kappa B. Finally, TPA addition to monocytes infected with HIV-1 inhibited HIV-1 replication, as determined by reverse transcriptase assays, in a concentration-dependent manner. These results are in striking contrast to the increase in nuclear NF kappa B and HIV-1 replication induced by phorbol esters in promonocytic leukemia cells U937 and HL-60, and emphasize the importance of studying cytokine regulation of HIV-1 in normal monocytes.
Mufson
R A
RA
Cell Biology Department, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855.
Myers
C
C
Turpin
J A
JA
Meltzer
M
M
D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D019311:Staurosporine; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
D000470:Alkaloids; D007546:Isoquinolines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D010879:Piperazines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; C043204:N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019311:Staurosporine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate