Effect of occupational and recreational activity on the risk of colorectal cancer among males: a case-control study.
Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that either occupational or recreational physical activity is protective against colon cancer. However, it is unclear whether recreational activity is similarly protective among those who engage in high or low occupational activity. We therefore compared 440 male cases of colorectal cancer with 1164 male hospital patients. Occupational activity was defined according to job title, while recreational activity was assessed by questionnaire for three different periods of life. Occupational activity was protective with respect to colorectal cancer irrespective of whether one engaged in recreational activity at any different period of life. In contrast, recreational activity, performed at 20-44 years of age appeared to decrease colon cancer risk by 10-25% irrespective of the intensity of job activity. The present results suggest that, although we observed a larger effect with occupational activity than with recreational activity, middle-aged men may reduce their risk of colorectal cancer if they exercise when they are not working. These findings need to be confirmed in other populations.
Markowitz
S
S
Department of Community Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029.
Morabia
A
A
Garibaldi
K
K
Wynder
E
E
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011998:Recreation; D012307:Risk Factors