In vitro and in vivo modulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine-, thyrotropin-releasing hormone- and calcitonin-gene related peptide-like immunoreactivities in adult rat sensory neurons.
In a previous work we have shown that culturing adult rat dorsal root ganglia neurons modifies their neurotransmitter phenotype in such a way that cultured neurons synthesize transmitters that are not found in situ, while several other transmitters are expressed in a much higher percentage of neurons in culture than in situ [Schoenen J. et al. (1989) J. Neurosci. Res. 22, 473-487]. The aim of the present study was to investigate the origin and the nature of the relevant environmental signals that allow this plasticity to be expressed, focusing on three neurotransmitters: 5-hydroxytryptamine, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and calcitonin-gene related peptide. The main results can be summarized as follows: (1) culturing cells in fetal calf serum or on feeder layers of astrocytes, Schwann cells or fibroblasts partially inhibits the serotoninergic phenotype of dorsal root ganglia neurons; (2) in vivo disconnection of dorsal root ganglia from their spinal targets but not from their peripheral or supraspinal targets induces a significant increase of the percentage of 5-hydroxytryptamine- and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-positive neurons in disconnected ganglia; (3) growth factors such as ciliary neuronotrophic factor or basic fibroblast growth factor but not nerve growth factor repress 5-hydroxytryptamine and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in cultured sensory neurons. In conclusion, neurotransmitter gene expression of adult dorsal root ganglia neurons is controlled by complex influences. Our data suggest that thyrotropin-releasing hormone and 5-hydroxytryptamine gene expression are tonically repressed in vivo by factors originating from the spinal segmental level and that growth factors such as ciliary neurotrophic factor or basic fibroblast growth factor could be potential vectors of this repressing effect.
Delree
P
P
Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Liège, Belgium.
Martin
D
D
Sadzot-Delvaux
C
C
Rogister
B
B
Leprince
P
P
Robe
P
P
Rigo
J M
JM
Lefebvre
P P
PP
Malgrange
B
B
Schoenen
J
J
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000378:metabolism*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology; D013127:Spinal Nerves / Q000502:physiology; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C063596:prepro-thyrotropin-releasing hormone; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D012701:Serotonin; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide