title: Quantification of percutaneous absorption of metronidazole and levamisole in the fire-bellied toad (Bombina orientalis).
abstract: Spot-on application has proved to be an effective way to reach therapeutic doses of metronidazole and levamisole in fire-bellied toads. The percutaneous absorption of metronidazole and levamisole was quantified, using an aqueous solution of 1.008 mg/ml of metronidazole and an aqueous solution of 3.767 mg/ml of levamisole. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the percutaneous absorption revealed that of the amount applied, 75% of metronidazole and 90% of levamisole was absorbed. This resulted during 3 days of application in dosages of 23 mg/kg BW of metronidazole and 94 mg/kg BW of levamisole. Of the absorbed substances, 48% of metronidazole and 9% of levamisole were excreted in urine and faeces as unmetabolised substances.
authors: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mombarg
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Claessen
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Lambrechts
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Zwart
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D007978:Levamisole / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D008795:Metronidazole; D007978:Levamisole