2D crystallization: from art to science.
The techniques as well as the principles of the 2D crystallization of membrane and water-soluble proteins for electron crystallography are reviewed. First, the biophysics of the interactions between proteins, lipids and detergents is surveyed. Second, crystallization of membrane proteins in situ and by reconstitution methods is discussed, and the various factors involved are addressed. Third, we elaborate on the 2D crystallization of water-soluble proteins, both in solution and at interfaces, such as lipid monolayers, mica, carbon film or mercury surfaces. Finally, techniques and instrumentations that are required for 2D crystallization are described.
Jap
B K
BK
Cell and Molecular Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Zulauf
M
M
Scheybani
T
T
Hefti
A
A
Baumeister
W
W
Aebi
U
U
Engel
A
A
D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D002244:Carbon; D003460:Crystallization; D003461:Crystallography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003902:Detergents; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008055:Lipids; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008628:Mercury; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011506:Proteins / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D016626:Shadowing Technique, Histology; D012996:Solutions; D013499:Surface Properties
D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D003902:Detergents; D008055:Lipids; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012996:Solutions; D002244:Carbon; D008628:Mercury; C011934:mica