Effectiveness and duration of intramuscular antimotion sickness medications.
Motion sickness inhibits gastric motility, making the oral route ineffective for medications. The intramuscular route is an effective alternative. The rotating chair was used to produce the M 111 level of motion sickness on the Graybiel Symptom Scale. The intramuscular medications given 30 minutes before rotation were compared with placebo (saline, 1 mL) for effectiveness and duration in increasing the number of tolerated head movements. Average placebo number of head movements was 294. Promethazine 25 mg increased head movements by 78% (P < .05), with a duration of 12 hours. Scopolamine 0.2 mg increased head movements by 91% (P < .05), with a duration of 4 hours. The effect of caffeine 250 mg and ephedrine 25 mg was not significant. When combined with scopolamine, ephedrine produced an 32% additive effect. Scopolamine 0.08 mg, 0.1 mg, and 0.2 mg and also promethazine 12.5 mg and 25 mg were significant (P < .05). Promethazine appears to be the drug of choice for intramuscular use because of a longer duration and a high level of effectiveness. Scopolamine was of high effectiveness, but had a duration of 4 hours. It was eight times as potent by the intramuscular as by the oral route.
Wood
C D
CD
Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130.
Stewart
J J
JJ
Wood
M J
MJ
Mims
M
M
D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D009041:Motion Sickness / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011398:Promethazine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
D002110:Caffeine; D012601:Scopolamine; D011398:Promethazine; D004809:Ephedrine