Immune signalling at the maternal-fetal interface and trophoblast differentiation.
In this review the afferent and efferent signals involved in immune signalling at the maternal-fetal interface are highlighted in the light of recent information. MHC antigen expression is reviewed. Immunizing mothers against class I and II MHC antigens can prevent spontaneous fetal resorption in mice. In addition, the CSF family of cytokines is not only secreted in placental tissues, but also play a role in trophoblast proliferation and differentiation. GM-CSF in particular appears to promote trophoblast syncytialization and the synthesis of human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen. Recent knock-out experiments indicate that CSF-1 is essential for complete fertility. Finally, the fact that the CSF cytokines promote HIV release from macrophages indicates that the knowledge gained in this area could lead to a better understanding of the transmission of the HIV virus from the mother to the fetus through the trophoblast.
Wegmann
T G
TG
Department of Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Guilbert
L J
LJ
D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000276:immunology*; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000276:immunology*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000502:physiology*
D016207:Cytokines; D006680:HLA Antigens