title: Implantation of a dual chamber pacemaker in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava.
abstract: A patient underwent dual chamber pacemaker implantation by puncture of the left subclavian vein. During the procedure we observed persistence of the left superior vena cava. An active fixation atrial lead was required to prevent instability induced by the odd course of the electrode and produced excellent long term pacing and sensing.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Centre, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bellamy
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ramsdale
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006327:Heart Block / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D010690:Phlebography; D013350:Subclavian Vein; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging