title: Acute phosphate depletion and in vitro rat proximal tubule injury: protection by glycine and acidosis.
abstract: The effects of phosphate (PO4) removal from Krebs Henseleit buffer on freshly isolated rat proximal tubules (rPT) were assessed by measuring Ca2+ uptake (nmol/mg protein), cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (nmol/mg), tissue K+ content (nmol/mg) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as an index of cell integrity. Ca2+ uptake increased by 50% in rPT incubated in zero PO4 medium as compared to control (2.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.19, P less than 0.001) and LDH release increased 2.5-fold from 14.2 +/- 0.6 to 31.6 +/- 1.6%, P less than 0.001. Neither verapamil (200 microM) nor mepacrine (50 microM) reduced Ca2+ uptake or decreased LDH release suggesting that the increased Ca2+ uptake was not occurring through potential operated channels and that phospholipase-induced cell injury was not the cause of increased LDH release. Either glycine (2 mM) or extracellular fluid acidosis (pH 7.06), however, significantly diminished rPT injury and Ca2+ uptake. Specifically, as compared to the increased LDH released in untreated. PO4-depleted rPT, LDH release was diminished significantly by glycine treatment (31.0 +/- 0.9 vs. 15.5 +/- 1.6%, P less than 0.001) or acidosis (30.3 +/- 0.04 vs. 19.2 +/- 0.9%, P less than 0.01). Ca2+ uptake did not increase in glycine treated tubules (2.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.2 nmol/mg, NS) or in the presence of acidosis (2.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.97 +/- 0.17 nmol/mg, NS). ATP concentrations were markedly reduced by PO4 depletion (2.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 4.8 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg, P less than 0.001) and remained at low levels during either acidosis or glycine-induced protection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wetzels
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bunnachak
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaimovitz
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Schrier
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005998:Glycine / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D014700:Verapamil; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D010740:Phospholipases; D005998:Glycine