title: Percutaneous management of urolithiasis during pregnancy.
abstract: A total of 6 pregnant women with obstructing urinary calculi was managed by percutaneous nephrostomy drainage placed under ultrasound guidance with the patient under local anesthesia. All patients initially had relief of acute obstruction. However, occlusion of the percutaneous nephrostomy tubes with debris necessitated tube changes in 5 of 6 patients. In 2 patients recurrent nephrostomy tube obstruction, fever and pain led to percutaneous stone removal during pregnancy. In the remaining 4 patients the nephrostomy tubes were left indwelling through delivery. During the postpartum period 3 patients successfully underwent ureteroscopic stone extraction and 1 passed the stone spontaneously. Bacteriuria developed in each patient despite the use of preventive antibiotics. All 6 women had uncomplicated vaginal deliveries of healthy newborns and are currently asymptomatic with no evidence of obstruction. Percutaneous drainage of an acutely obstructed kidney in a pregnant woman is an effective temporizing alternative to ureteral stent placement until definitive treatment can be performed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kavoussi
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Albala
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Basler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apte
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Clayman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000601:surgery*