title: Tryptophan fortification of adapted formula increases plasma tryptophan concentrations to levels not different from those found in breast-fed infants.
abstract: Several recent studies have demonstrated significantly lower plasma total tryptophan concentrations in formula-fed than in breast-fed infants. We have measured preprandial plasma amino acid concentrations in infants breast-fed or fed a formula with a protein concentration of 1.57 g/dl and with a whey/casein ratio of 60:40 or a formula with a protein concentration of 1.37 g/dl and a whey/casein ratio of 40:60 and fortified with 10 mg/dl (15 mg/100 kcal) of tryptophan. Healthy term infants (10 per group) were either breast-fed from birth or randomly assigned to one of the two study formulas. At 4 and 12 weeks of age, anthropometric measurements were performed and blood samples were obtained. During the study period of 12 weeks, all infants showed normal growth (weight, length, and head circumference) and there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. The plasma concentrations of the essential amino acids phenylalanine, threonine, valine, and lysine were significantly lower in the breast-fed group than in both formula-fed groups. For tyrosine, methionine, leucine, histidine, isoleucine, and arginine, no significant differences could be found between the feeding groups. Concentration of total plasma tryptophan was significantly higher in the breast-fed group than in the group fed the tryptophan-unfortified formula, but no statistically significant difference could be found between the plasma tryptophan concentration in the breast-fed group versus the group fed the tryptophan-fortified formula. The results indicate that tryptophan fortification of adapted formula is necessary to achieve plasma total tryptophan concentrations similar to those found in breast-fed infants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fazzolari-Nesci
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Domianello
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sotera
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Räihä
mesh_terms: D000601:Amino Acids, Essential / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001827:Body Height; D001942:Breast Feeding; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000097:blood*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000097:blood*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D000601:Amino Acids, Essential; D014364:Tryptophan