title: Chronic hyponatremia due to resetting of the osmostat in a patient with gastric carcinoma.
abstract: A 54-year-old schizophrenic patient who presented with hyponatremia and nephrotic-range proteinuria was subsequently discovered to have a gastric adenocarcinoma. Psychogenic water drinking, sodium depletion, and cardiac, adrenal, hepatic, and thyroid disease were excluded as causes of hyponatremia. The serum creatinine concentration was normal, and, although renal biopsy showed changes consistent with immune complex glomerulopathy, proteinuria remitted without treatment. Moderately severe hyponatremia persisted, and the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma was made after the onset of early satiety 1 year later. Surgical exploration at the time of partial gastric resection revealed local metastatic lymph node involvement. Following the patient's uneventful recovery from surgery, studies of osmoregulation of vasopressin release and renal water handling were performed to determine the cause of chronic hyponatremia refractory to sodium chloride administration. Oral water loading studies revealed normal urinary diluting ability and appropriate suppression of plasma vasopressin concentrations. However, hypertonic sodium chloride infusion studies revealed a highly significant correlation between plasma osmolality and plasma vasopressin concentration, and a low osmotic threshold for vasopressin release based on linear regression analysis of the plasma vasopressin response to increasing plasma osmolality. Low osmotic threshold for vasopressin release was confirmed by exponential (log linear) and parabolic methods of data analysis. The findings in these studies are consistent with the typical features of the reset osmostat variant of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of this syndrome in association with gastric adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nephrology Section, Memphis, Tennessee 38104.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Crofton
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Share
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cooke
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007177:Inappropriate ADH Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology*