title: The hard metal diseases.
abstract: Hard metal is a mixture of tungsten carbide and cobalt, to which small amounts of other metals may be added. It is widely used for industrial purposes whenever extreme hardness and high temperature resistance are needed, such as for cutting tools, oil well drilling bits, and jet engine exhaust ports. Cobalt is the component of hard metal that can be a health hazard. Respiratory diseases occur in workers exposed to cobalt--either in the production of hard metal, from machining hard metal parts, or from other sources. Adverse pulmonary reactions include asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and interstitial fibrosis. A peculiar, almost unique form of lung fibrosis, giant cell interstitial pneumonia, is closely linked with cobalt exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cugell
mesh_terms: D000542:Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy; D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D003035:Cobalt / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008669:Metallurgy; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D003035:Cobalt