title: Educational, occupational, and insurance status of childhood cancer survivors in their fourth and fifth decades of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Survivors of childhood cancer who are now greater than or equal to 30 years of age are available for study in significant numbers for the first time. An evaluation of their educational achievement, current employment status, frequency of problems in the work-place, and ability to obtain affordable health and life insurance was the aim of this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study of 219 childhood cancer survivors with individually matched controls from two tertiary-care pediatric centers. Telephone interviews were used and drew on a 356-item basic instrument for both subjects and controls. Medical (including intensity of therapy), marital, and psychosocial areas were included in the survey, but statistical comparisons concentrated on educational and economic issues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall current status of survivors and controls in the relevant areas, ie, education, employment, and insurance, was similar. A history of employment discrimination for entry into the uniformed services and in other special situations, and life insurance discrimination during the initial years after the completion of therapy was noted. Survivors experienced few problems in the work-place. Survivors of CNS tumors were unique, with problems in many of the areas studied, although there were notable individual exceptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the exception of those individuals with CNS tumor histories, survivors who were treated in the era of 1945 to 1975 had few economic sequelae of cancer or its therapy that extended beyond the first decades after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90054-0700.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hays
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Landsverk
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Sallan
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hewett
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Patenaude
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schoonover
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zilber
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruccione
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health; D007352:Insurance, Life; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000191:economics; D009790:Occupations; D011788:Quality of Life; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis