title: Echocardiographic parameters and indices in the normal beagle dog.
abstract: M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements were made from the right sternal border of 50 healthy Beagles (25 males and 25 females) approximately 7 months old. The dogs were conscious and standing during the investigation. The following parameters, in systole and diastole, were measured on the echocardiographic images: left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVWT); intraventricular septum thickness (IST); left ventricular internal dimension (LVID); and circumference (LVC). Fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) were also calculated. Mean, standard deviation, range and coefficient of variation are reported for each echocardiographic parameter and for body weight. Males and females were considered separately and together. Each parameter was analysed statistically to check for differences between the sexes and for correlations with body weight. A statistically significant difference between the sexes was only observed for LVWT in systole and diastole. A linear regression with body weight was obtained only for LVID in systole and in diastole. The results show that morphofunctional cardiac homogeneity is independent of size in dogs of this breed and age.
authors.affiliation: Boehringer Mannheim Italia, Research Centre, Monza.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crippa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Melloni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brambilla
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cavalletti
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D003971:Diastole; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013599:Systole