Call nights and patients care: effects on inpatients at one teaching hospital.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the timing and number of patients admitted by internal medicine housestaff under a traditional call schedule affect the resource utilization and outcome of care for those patients.


METHODS
Retrospective cohort study, using existing computerized records.


METHODS
University-affiliated 340-bed city/county teaching hospital.


METHODS
22,112 patients discharged from the internal medicine service who had been admitted by an on-call first-year resident between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 1987.


RESULTS
Admission after 5:00 PM was associated with decreased hospital length of stay (8.1%, p less than 0.0001), but increased total charges (3.1%, p = 0.007). The relative risk of inpatient mortality for patients admitted at night was 1.21 (p = 0.03). Patients of busier housestaff, as indicated by a larger number of on-call admissions, had lower total charges (1.7% decreased per admission) and no change in risk of inpatient mortality. While no linear relation was found between number of admissions and length of stay, analysis of nonlinear effects revealed that length of stay first rises, then falls as interns receive more on-call admissions.


CONCLUSIONS
The number and timing of admissions by on-call internal medicine housestaff are significantly related to length of hospital stay, total charges, and likelihood of inpatient mortality at one teaching hospital. These variations should be considered in planning the reform of residency training programs.
Hillson
S D
SD
Department of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
Rich
E C
EC
Dowd
B
B
Luxenberg
M G
MG
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006748:Hospital Departments / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010343:Patient Admission; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload