title: Intracranial ependymoma in children: analysis of prognostic factors.
abstract: Between 1955 and 1986, 25 children (aged 2 weeks to 15 years) were treated for intracranial ependymoma at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Nine patients had supratentorial primaries (5 high-grade, 4 low-grade), and 16 had infratentorial primaries (9 high-grade, 7 low-grade). Five patients had gross complete resection and 20 had incomplete resection. Seven patients received craniospinal irradiation (25-36 Gy to the neuro-axis, 45-55 Gy to tumor bed), 12 received local field irradiation (29-60 Gy, median 50 Gy). Five infants had adjuvant chemotherapy without radiotherapy, and 6 children had post-radiotherapy adjuvant chemotherapy, and 12 patients had salvage chemotherapy with various agents and number of courses. Eight patients are alive, disease-free and without relapse from 1 year to 12 1/2 years from diagnosis (median 42 months). The primary failure pattern was local recurrence. The data suggest that 1) the long-term cure rate of children with ependymoma is suboptimal; 2) histologic grade may be of prognostic importance for supratentorial tumors; 3) prognosis appears worse for girls and infants under 3 years of age; 4) in well-staged patients routine spinal irradiation could be omitted; 5) the role of adjuvant chemotherapy is unclear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiotherapy, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ater
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Connelly
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bruner
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Maor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Eys
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Oswald
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shallenberger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate