title: Factitious disorders with psychological symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Factitious disorders with psychological symptoms have been underdiagnosed and hence undertreated. Historically, the literature has focused on factitious disorder with physical symptoms, particularly Munchausen's syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors report three cases of factitious disorder with psychological symptoms that had diverse clinical presentations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two of the patients had features of a psychiatric Munchausen's syndrome--being middle-aged, aggressive men who falsified their symptoms, treatments, and backgrounds. The third patient was a younger woman with comorbid substance abuse, dysthymia, and borderline personality disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors feel that there is a need for refinement of diagnostic criteria, greater awareness, and evaluation of treatment approaches for this condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Health Science Center, Syracuse 13210.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Popli
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Masand
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dewan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005162:Factitious Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009110:Munchausen Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales