title: Immunohistochemical evidence for C3bi involvement in Graves ophthalmopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine by immunohistochemical methods if components of the complement system are present in Graves ophthalmopathy extraocular and periocular tissues compared with non-Graves ophthalmopathy ocular tissues, and, if so, whether a qualitative difference exists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orbital muscle, periorbital muscle, and adipose tissue from 10 Graves ophthalmopathy patients were studied with in situ assays using monoclonal antibodies for C3bi and C5b-9 (the terminal attack complex) complement components. Extraocular muscle, periocular muscle, and adipose tissue from 12 patients treated for unrelated orbital disorders were used as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All nine Graves extraocular and periocular muscle tissues exhibited C3bi positive staining in an intense, localized oval- to spindle-shaped reaction that appeared to represent cells on a diffuse staining background of the endomysial and perimysial connective tissues with no staining of the muscle fibers themselves. Some reactivity was seen in 6 of the 12 control muscles, but this was much less intense than that of Graves ocular muscle tissue. Only two Graves muscle samples stained minimally with the monoclonal antibody for the C5b-9 terminal attack complex while none of the control muscle samples demonstrated reactivity. Orbital fat from Graves and control patients did not demonstrate any reactivity for C3bi or C5b-9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C3bi and not C5b-9 (the terminal attack complex) is present in Graves ophthalmopathy extraocular and periocular tissues in a qualitatively greater way than in control non-Graves ophthalmopathy ocular tissue. Consequently, C3bi may contribute to the pathophysiology of Graves ophthalmopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Raikow
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Burde
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kennerdell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003179:Complement C3b / Q000032:analysis*; D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D003179:Complement C3b