title: In vivo demonstration of insulin-receptor defect with 123I-labeled insulin and scintigraphic scanning in severe insulin resistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin-receptor function in humans is usually studied in vitro on readily available cells, e.g., erythrocytes and fibroblasts. Although these cells are not metabolically important targets for insulin action, information derived from them are often taken as representative of other tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate insulin receptors in vitro on erythrocytes and in vivo on one of the main insulin-target organs, the liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 16-yr-old girl affected by severe insulin resistance was identified. Insulin receptor binding was measured on the erythrocytes of the patient and of 6 nondiabetic volunteers. The biodistribution of 123I-labeled insulin was studied in vivo by scintigraphic scanning in the insulin-resistant patient and in 10 nondiabetic volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Erythrocytes of this patient displayed a markedly reduced [125I]insulin binding. In vivo 123I-insulin biodistribution was characterized by lack of hormone uptake by the liver (4 vs. 21% of the injected dose in control subjects) contrasting with intense accumulation of radioactivity in the kidneys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our studies show that defects of insulin binding can be directly demonstrated in vivo on liver receptors with a noninvasive technique with low radiotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dozio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Micossi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galimberti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pozza
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dosio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savi
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Gerundini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiumello
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; C008147:insulin, iodo-; D011972:Receptor, Insulin