title: Cardiac operations during active endocarditis.
abstract: Between December 1982 and March 1990, 65 patients with active infective endocarditis underwent cardiac operations. Their mean age was 28.6 years (range 1 to 65 years). The most common infecting organisms were staphylococcus (33.8%), streptococcus (18.5%), and brucella (16.9%); 11 patients (16.9%) had cultures negative for infection. A rheumatic, native valve, most commonly the aortic, was involved in 40 patients, a prosthetic valve (with the mitral most common) in 18 patients, and in seven patients the infection involved a congenitally abnormal valve. Aortic root abscess developed in 21.5% of patients. In 30 patients operation was performed within 3 days of the start of intravenous antibiotic therapy, usually within 3 days of admission (group A); this resulted in fewer preoperative complications and a significantly lower postoperative complication rate than in those 35 patients who underwent operations more than 3 days after starting antibiotic therapy (group B). Preoperative embolic phenomena occurred in eight (12.3%) of the 31 patients who had large, mobile vegetations (2/16 [12.5%] in group A and 6/15 [40%] in group B). Overall there was no reinfection. No postoperative paravalvular leaks developed in group A. Nine patients died in the hospital (13.8%) (four in group A and five in group B); in all patients the infecting organism was staphylococcal or fungal. There was one late death. Early operation should always be considered in active infective endocarditis, especially when a prosthetic valve is involved or the infecting organism is staphylococcal or fungal. The disclosure of moderate to large vegetations by two-dimensional echocardiography is an indication for operation.
authors.affiliation: Riyadh Cardiac Centre, Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: al Jubair
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: al Fagih
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ashmeg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belhaj
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sawyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001021:Aortic Valve; D002006:Brucellosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery