title: The segmentation gene runt is needed to activate Sex-lethal, a gene that controls sex determination and dosage compensation in Drosophila.
abstract: In Drosophila, sex is determined by the relative number of X chromosomes to autosomal sets (X:A ratio). The amount of products from several X-linked genes, called sisterless elements, is used to indicate to Sex-lethal the relative number of X chromosomes present in the cell. In response to the X:A signal, Sex-lethal is activated in females but remains inactive in males, being responsible for the control of both sex determination and dosage compensation. Here we find that the X-linked segmentation gene runt plays a role in this process. Reduced function of runt results in female-specific lethality and sexual transformation of XX animals that are heterozygous for Sxl or sis loss-of-function mutations. These interactions are suppressed by SxlM1, a mutation that constitutively expresses female Sex-lethal functions, and occur at the time when the X:A signal determines Sex-lethal activity. Moreover, the presence of a loss-of-function runt mutation masculinizes triploid intersexes. On the other hand, runt duplications cause a reduction in male viability by ectopic activation of Sex-lethal. We conclude that runt is needed for the initial step of Sex-lethal activation, but does not have a major role as an X-counting element.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis