title: The association of hypopituitarism with small pituitary, invisible pituitary stalk, type 1 Arnold-Chiari malformation, and syringomyelia in seven patients born in breech position: a further proof of birth injury theory on the pathogenesis of "idiopathic hypopituitarism".
abstract: We report seven cases of hypopituitarism all having a history of breech delivery, asphyxia at birth, and syringomyelia. A small pituitary gland was found on MRI or CT in six cases, invisible pituitary stalk on MRI in five cases, and type 1 Arnold-Chiari malformation in six cases. A constellation of these abnormalities are best explained by traction of brain and spinal cord of the subjects exerted during breech delivery and further support the primary role of birth trauma in the genesis of "idiopathic hypopituitarism".
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itagane
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hibi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001139:Arnold-Chiari Malformation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000150:complications*; D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D001946:Breech Presentation; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013595:Syringomyelia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones