title: Fetal fibronectin: a method for detecting the presence of amniotic fluid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether fetal fibronectin is a sensitive test for the detection of amniotic fluid (AF) in women with rupture of the membranes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicenter clinical trial, pooling, ferning, and nitrazine tests were compared with fetal fibronectin in 339 women at term (study group) with a clinical history of rupture of the membranes and in 67 women at term receiving routine prenatal care (controls). Ruptured membranes was diagnosed if any two of the standard tests were positive. Fetal fibronectin in the cervicovaginal secretions was determined using a qualitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Fetal fibronectin was considered positive at 50 ng/mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity of fetal fibronectin in the women with ruptured membranes was 98.2%. No controls had ruptured membranes based on standard test results, but 13 women had fetal fibronectin present. The mean (+/- standard error) interval between sampling and delivery was significantly less in the women positive for fetal fibronectin (169.3 +/- 45.8 hours) than in those with no detectable fetal fibronectin (333.4 +/- 29.0 hours).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal fibronectin is a sensitive test for detection of AF in the vagina and compares favorably to standard tests. Its low specificity suggests that the assay may detect an alteration in membrane integrity. In addition, in patients without rupture of the membranes, the interval between sampling and delivery is significantly shorter if fetal fibronectin is present. We speculate that the presence of fetal fibronectin in cervicovaginal secretions may be a marker for impending labor in gravidas without gross rupture of the membranes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Medical School, Houston.
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Eriksen
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daoust
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Flamm
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Garite
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid; D002582:Cervix Mucus / Q000737:chemistry; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins