title: [Pathophysiological analysis of diabetes mellitus and complications from the urine of diabetic patients].
abstract: Of the many information obtainable from the urine of diabetic patients, urinary C-peptide (CPR), albumin and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) were representatively described using my clinical and experimental data. C-peptide excretion in 24h collection of urine is a good estimate of insulin secretion from the pancreas and thus low in IDDM patients and even in NIDDM patients at a later stage, but high in pathological conditions including Graves' disease, obesity, liver cirrhosis and Cushing's syndrome. Urinary albumin excretion in small amounts (microalbuminuria) is usually observed in diabetic patients who have been under a poor control state of diabetic hyperglycemia for over 5 years and provides a good tool for monitoring early diabetic nephropathy. The grade of microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/day) is positively correlated with the HbA1 level in diabetic patients, showing that microalbuminuria is reversible along with an improvement of diabetic control at least in an early phase of diabetic nephropathy. As the albumin level measured in a spot urine sample correlates well with the value in the 24h collection of urine, the albumin measurement is conveniently feasible with a spot urine sample at every patient's visit. The amount of ADH excreted in urine is 7-10% of that secreted from the posterior pituitary. The excretion of ADH in a day was in the urine of diabetic patients positively correlated with HbA1, urinary osmolarity and concentration of sodium in urine, although the pathological meaning of the observed ADH hypersecretion in the development of diabetic complications is currently unknown.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Medicine, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000503:physiopathology; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000652:urine; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D002096:C-Peptide; D014667:Vasopressins