title: The association of drinking levels and drinking attitudes among Japanese in Japan and Japanese-Americans in Hawaii and California.
abstract: This study examined cross-cultural differences in drinking attitudes and drinking levels and their correlation among Japanese in Japan and Japanese-Americans in Hawaii or California. In most situations, an increase in drinking levels was associated with more tolerant drinking attitudes in all three groups. Abstainers were less likely to say that getting drunk is sometimes all right, whereas the reverse was true for heavier drinkers. Drinking levels among Japanese, especially among Japanese women, were not highly associated with how much drinking was perceived as acceptable in each situation, whereas among Japanese-Americans, drinking levels were highly associated with drinking attitudes. Although the Japanese had generally tolerant attitudes toward drinking, they indicated higher abstention rates before driving than Japanese-Americans regardless of their drinking levels. This may reflect the impact of public education on drunken driving in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System, CSR, Incorporated, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Parrish
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Stinson
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Towle
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Harford
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D001290:Attitude; D002140:California; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006254:Hawaii; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012931:Social Environment