title: [Drug dependence, smoking and fetal growth retardation].
abstract: Illicit drug abuse, as well as smoking, are known risk factors in the development of intrauterine growth retardation. In an attempt to clarify the influence of these two aetiological factors, a retrospective analysis was carried out. 35 drug- and nicotine-addicted pregnant women were compared to 104 smokers and 101 non-smoking controls with regard to foetal outcome. Relative risk estimates for intrauterine growth retardation of the drug and nicotine group were 3.14 (95% confidence limits 1.88-5.25; p = 0.0001) whereas the smoking group had 1.39 (95% confidence limits 0.96-2.02; p = 0.0482) compared to non-smoking controls. The foetal outcome was best in the latter group: children of drug-addicted mothers had a considerably higher morbidity and mortality rate. This study shows an almost threefold risk for intrauterine growth retardation in drug-addicts who smoke, compared to nicotine abuse alone.
authors.affiliation: II. Univ. Frauenklinik Wien.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hanzal
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kölbl
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium / Q000187:drug effects; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D008691:Methadone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000139:chemically induced; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D008691:Methadone
vernacular_title: Drogensucht, Rauchen und fetale Wachstumsretardation.