title: In vitro effects of three iron chelators on mitogen-activated lymphocytes: identification of differences in their mechanisms of action.
abstract: The effects of three iron chelators (ADR-529/ICRF-187; omadine/pyrithione; and a newly synthesized pyridoxal-based iron chelator, SAG-15) on cultured BALB/c murine lymph node cells stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin have been investigated. All three agents were found to inhibit [3H]-thymidine incorporation after 66-72 h incubation. Pretreatment of ADR-529 and omadine with Fe(III) or Fe(II) ions did not prevent their inhibitory effects. However, pretreatment of SAG-15 with Fe(II) or Fe(III) ions led to a significant increase in the ID50. Time-course studies of cell viability and thymidine incorporation demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of omadine was attributable to cell killing while for ADR-529 and SAG-15 there were both cytostatic and cytotoxic effects. Cell cycle analysis showed that treatment of cells with ADR-529 led to arrest in G2/M while treatment with SAG-15 led to a G0/G1 arrest. Iron has an obligatory role in T-lymphocyte activation that may be related to the formation of reactive oxygen species. SAG-15 is a new iron chelator that will help in the elucidation of the precise role of iron in lymphoproliferation. Since SAG-15 is an extremely effective iron chelator in vivo it has potential as an immunosuppressive agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: van Reyk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarel
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007501:Iron / Q000494:pharmacology; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011929:Razoxane / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006834:Hydrazines; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; C065491:CGP 43902A; D011929:Razoxane; D007501:Iron