title: Interdigital chondrogenesis and extra digit formation in the duck leg bud subjected to local ectoderm removal.
abstract: In the chick embryo the interdigital tissue in the stages previous to cell death exhibits in vitro a high chondrogenic potential, and forms extra digits when subjected in vivo to local ectodermal removal. In the present work we have analyzed the chondrogenic potential both in vivo and in vitro of the interdigital mesenchyme of the duck leg bud. As distinct from the chick, the interdigital mesenchyme of the duck leg bud exhibits a low degree of degeneration, resulting in the formation of webbed digits. Our results show that duck interdigital mesenchyme exhibits also a high chondrogenic potential in vitro until the stages in which cell death starts. Once cell death is finished chondrogenesis becomes negative and the interdigital mesenchyme forms a fibroblastic tissue. In vivo the interdigital mesenchyme of the duck leg bud subjected to ectoderm removal forms ectopic foci of chondrogenesis with a range of incidence similar to that in the chick. Unlike those of the chick the ectopic cartilages of the duck are rounded and smaller, and appear to be located at the distal margin of the interdigital mesenchyme. Formation of extra digits in the duck occurs with a lower incidence than in the chick. It is concluded that ectopic chondrogenesis and formation of extra digits is related to the intensity of interdigital cell death. The non-degenerating interdigital mesenchymal cells destined to form the interdigital webs of the duck appear to contribute very little to the formation of interdigital cartilages.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Morfologicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Macias
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gañan
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hurle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000196:embryology*; D004372:Ducks; D005528:Foot / Q000196:embryology*; D005532:Foot Deformities, Congenital / Q000209:etiology*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000502:physiology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques