title: Studies on teratological testing using chicken embryos--effects of solvents, injection sites and the age of the embryo.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of solvents, injection sites and embryo age when using chicken embryos for teratological testing. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Solvents: distilled water, physiological saline, sesame oil, 25% ethanol, 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose and 0.1% methylcellulose solution were not toxic in Day-4 embryos (eggs incubated for 4 days). 2) With 6-aminonicotinamide, air space injection more effectively induced malformations in chicken embryos. With boric acid, however, yolk sac injection was better. It was shown therefore that the appropriate injection site varied according to the test drug. 3) 6-aminonicotinamide induced characteristic malformations when injected into embryos of various ages ranging from 4 to 13 days of incubation. On the other hand, boric acid was teratogenetic only when injected into Day-3 or Day-4 embryos. It seems, therefore, that the age of the embryo at the time of administration is of critical importance and that the optimum time of administration varies according to the test drug.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Animal Science in Biochemistry and Toxicology, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masui
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D015120:6-Aminonicotinamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000473:pathology*; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001888:Boric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D015017:Yolk Sac
chemical_list: D001888:Boric Acids; D012997:Solvents; D013723:Teratogens; D015120:6-Aminonicotinamide; C032688:boric acid