title: Complications and early outcome of anterior craniofacial resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the complications of anterior craniofacial resection and correlate their impact with tumor control status.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of 32 consecutive, operable patients' records seen over a 6-year period, requiring 35 procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic tertiary referral medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients (81%) had malignant lesions (esthesioneuroblastoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and a group of miscellaneous malignant tumors). Six patients had various benign neoplasms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The surgical approach involved bifrontal craniotomy coupled with lateral rhinotomy in 19 cases (61%), facial degloving in 10 cases (32%), a total rhinectomy in one case, and endoscopic sinusectomy without facial incision in two cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinically noted complications and oncologic outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was one avoidable perioperative death indirectly associated with the patient's procedure. Nine patients suffered significant intracranial neurological complications such as tension pneumocephalus and delayed epidural abscess. All of these complications were managed successfully. Of patients with malignant tumors, 13 (52%) are alive with no evidence of disease and one is alive with recurrence after a mean follow-up period of 28.9 months. The 10 patients who succumbed to disease had a mean postoperative survival of 22.9 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to the perspective of only a decade ago, we conclude that craniofacial resection is a relatively safe, versatile, and effective procedure for surgical management of tumors involving the anterior skull base.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Richtsmeier
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Eisele
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Loury
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Mattox
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Carson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome