title: [Delirium tremens. Recent neurophysiologic concepts and therapeutic outlook].
abstract: Delirium tremens is linked with a chronic depression of the central nervous system by alcohol and a compensatory hyperactivity of neurotransmitters. A sudden stoppage of alcohol intake induces excessive production of these transmitters. Firstly appearing is a noradrenergic hyperactivity which may be responsible not only for reducing the magnesium blood level but also for activating the other transmitter systems. A magnesium blood level lower than 1 mmol.l-1 involves a risk of seizures and requires IV magnesium sulfate. Noradrenergic hyperactivity can be prevented by IV alcohol associated with sedation best achieved by IV clomethiazole in alcoholic solution. Should these preventive measures fail, noradrenaline action in the central nervous system can be blocked by clonidine. Should hallucinations become manifest, linked to dopaminergic hyperactivity, haloperidol is indicated. Benzodiazepines may be useful, particularly carbamazepine, for their depressing effect on gaba-ergic hyperactivity.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation. Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Meignan
mesh_terms: D000430:Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002719:Chlormethiazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003000:Clonidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000431:Ethanol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D002719:Chlormethiazole; D002220:Carbamazepine; D000431:Ethanol; D006220:Haloperidol; D003000:Clonidine
vernacular_title: Le delirium tremens. Notions récentes de neurophysiologie et perspectives thérapeutiques.