title: Dystonic attacks related to sleep and exercise.
abstract: Two unrelated children displayed attacks of paroxysmal jerky 'puppet-like' movements lasting 2-3 min. The attacks were not kinesigenic and occurred during wakefulness precipitated by physical exercise and during NREM sleep, spontaneous or upon arousal and awakenings. Paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis was excluded by the absent family history, and paroxysmal kinesigenic dystonia by the absence of triggering effects by sudden movements and efficacy of anticonvulsants. Pattern and duration of involuntary movements were not those typical of nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia. Our cases emphasize that overlap exists among the different clinical categories of paroxysmal dyskinesia.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montagna
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cirignotta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giovanardi Rossi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lugaresi
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001264:Athetosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002819:Chorea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004421:Dystonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D013577:Syndrome; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology