title: Abdominal rescue after failed cephalic replacement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the introduction of cephalic replacement for shoulder dystocia, the management of failures has not been addressed. The purpose of this report is to describe abdominal hysterotomy as an alternative approach to the resolution of shoulder dystocia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 21-year-old woman, gravida 1, experienced severe shoulder dystocia following partial delivery of a 4320-g infant. Classical maneuvers as well as cephalic replacement were unsuccessful before and after general anesthesia. A low transverse hysterotomy permitted manual rotation of the anterior shoulder to the oblique diameter and further descent of the posterior shoulder. Delivery of the posterior arm was then completed without difficulty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persistent failed cephalic replacement, especially after general anesthesia, can be successfully resolved with a hysterotomy using a low transverse uterine incision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Luke's Hospital, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004420:Dystocia / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007746:Labor Presentation; D011247:Pregnancy; D012782:Shoulder