title: A new method for rate of analgesic onset: two doses of intravenous morphine compared with placebo.
abstract: A new method of frequent early pain assessments for 1 hour only was used to determine time of onset of analgesia after intravenous administration of 10 mg morphine, 5 mg morphine, or placebo in a double-blind study; 79 patients were randomized if they required parenteral analgesia in the early postoperative period. Pain intensity was determined by a four-point categoric verbal rating scale and on a verbal ordinal scale from 0 to 100 (0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain imaginable) during the first hour after analgesic administration. The onset time of analgesia, assessed by 50% of patients achieving 25% reduction from their baseline pain assessment, was significantly faster for 10 mg morphine compared with 5 mg morphine (p = 0.02) and placebo (p less than 0.01). More familiar analgesic efficacy measures, including the sum of pain intensity differences and time to next analgesic dose, similarly showed the superiority of 10 mg morphine to placebo in the first hour, confirming sensitivity according to the conventional paradigm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bullingham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000698:Analgesia; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D020910:Ketorolac; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D010919:Placebos; D013997:Time Factors; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D009020:Morphine; D014046:Tolmetin; D020910:Ketorolac