title: Methodology in anti-emetic trials.
abstract: The most promising anti-emetic drugs are identified during preclinical testing. Phase I and II clinical studies are used to optimize doses and schedules for the various routes of administration. Most methodological issues arise in relation to phase III studies. A prospective, randomised, double-blind, parallel-subjects design is recommended. Stratification helps balance the factors influencing emesis between the 2 arms of a randomised study. The most important of these are the strength of the emetic stimulus, prior exposure to chemotherapy, age, sex and a history of chronic alcohol consumption. The evaluation of efficacy of an anti-emetic should include its efficacy in controlling acute post-chemotherapy nausea and vomiting as well as anticipatory and delayed emesis. The side effects of an anti-emetic must also be considered since they may negate any anti-emetic advantage. Patients and observers have reported successfully evaluating these parameters using both categorical and linear-analogue scales.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia.
authors.forename: I N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Olver
mesh_terms: D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004341:Drug Evaluation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009325:Nausea / Q000188:drug therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics