title: Improved accuracy in diagnostic immunohistochemistry, lectin histochemistry and in situ hybridization using a gold-labeled horseradish peroxidase antibody and silver intensification.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Improvements in the use of the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex technique and direct as well as indirect labeled avidin-biotin methods for application in diagnostic immunohistochemistry, lectin histochemistry and in situ hybridization are reported. The new technology combines the advantages of immunoenzyme and immunogold silver staining techniques and can be performed on routinely fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  The basic modification of the labeling procedures was introduced at the final revealing step. The histochemical visualization of catalytic activity of horseradish peroxidase by the diaminobenzidine reaction was replaced by the detection of horseradish peroxidase immunoreactivity using anti-horseradish peroxidase-gold complexes and their intensification with silver acetate which is relatively light insensitive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of gold-labeled anti-horseradish peroxidase antibodies eliminates the need for quenching of endogenous peroxidase activity. Furthermore, the immunogold silver staining provides improved lateral resolution, higher contrast, and lower background staining as compared with the diaminobenzidine reaction. The new technology has been applied for the localization of different polypeptides in endocrine cells, cytoskeletal elements, cell surface receptors, basal lamina type IV collagen, endothelial cell marker, lectin binding sites, and DNA of various viruses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that the anti-horseradish peroxidase-gold complex is of general use in a variety of techniques applying horseradish peroxidase as a marker and should be a valuable alternative to existing enzyme substrate techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saremaslani
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Warhol
authors.forename: P U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Heitz
mesh_terms: D006046:Gold; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010340:Pathology, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase