title: Morning or bedtime NPH insulin combined with sulfonylurea in treatment of NIDDM.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of morning and bedtime NPH insulin combined with daytime sulfonylurea on glycemic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients no longer responding to treatment with sulfonylureas alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four NIDDM patients who fulfilled these criteria were randomized to treatment with Protaphan human insulin in the morning or at bedtime (22 +/- 1 IU) plus 3.5 mg glibenclamide twice a day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morning and bedtime NPH insulin resulted in equal reduction of HbA1 (from 13.5 +/- 0.3 to 9.4 +/- 0.1 and 9.6 +/- 0.2%, respectively) and mean self-monitored blood glucose (9.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 10.1 +/- 0.4 mM). Bedtime insulin resulted in lower morning blood glucose (7.8 +/- 0.5 vs. 9.1 +/- 0.4 mM; P less than 0.01), whereas morning insulin resulted in lower evening blood glucose (10.1 +/- 0.6 vs 12.1 +/- 0.6 mM, P less than 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morning and bedtime NPH insulin combined with glibenclamide are equipotent in the treatment of NIDDM patients with secondary failure to sulfonylurea. However, this treatment regimen normalizes blood glucose only in a small group of patients. Therefore, more intensified insulin therapy seems to be required to achieve this goal.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Groop
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Widén
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekstrand
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saloranta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franssila-Kallunki
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schalin-Jäntti
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D005905:Glyburide