The etiological role of diet, smoking, and drinking habits of patients with esophageal carcinoma in Turkey.
Esophageal cancer has a known high incidence in areas adjacent to the Caspian Sea and in northeastern Turkey. This study compares the incidence of esophageal cancer in Bursa (northwestern Turkey) with an age-matched control population. Factors associated with esophageal cancer and significantly at variance with controls include: age over 70, low income, smoking more than one pack of cigarettes per day, and low vegetable and fresh fruit intake.
Memik
F
F
Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Uludag University Medical School, Tip Fakultesi, Bursa, Turkey.
Gulten
M
M
Nak
S G
SG
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D004032:Diet; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014421:Turkey