title: Biochemical and galvanic skin responses to music stimuli by college students in biology and music.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine biochemical and physiological responses to musical stimuli. Specifically, university music and biology students' plasma levels of norepinephrine, endorphin, and cortisol, and their galvanic skin responses were measured before and after listening to two different musical selections in an anechoic chamber and during controlled silence. The results indicated that biochemical variables changed significantly in both groups during listening to music but were not different during the controlled silence. These data suggest that music majors may listen more analytically to music. GSR responses were significantly higher for music majors than biology majors, and plasma cortisol increased in music students but decreased in biology students. Music which elicits specific emotions induces physiological changes which may be beneficial to relaxation and behavioral therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Music, University of Akron, Ohio.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: VanderArk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ely
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001695:Biology / Q000193:education*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D004723:Endorphins / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004723:Endorphins; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine