title: The mucus-hypersecreting tumor of the pancreas. Development and extension visualized by three-dimensional computerized mapping.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mucus-hypersecreting tumor of the pancreas appears as dilated ducts and cystic spaces filled with mucus. To determine where such tumors arise and how they extend, computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction was done of the ductal system. This also was used to visualize the spatial relationships among epithelial hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ (CIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgically removed pancreases were studied from 12 patients with mucus-hypersecreting tumors. The specimens were fixed in buffered formaldehyde solution 10%, embedded in paraffin and semiserially sectioned at 3 microns at an interval of 60 microns. The ductal contours were differentiated among ducts lined by ordinary epithelia, hyperplastic epithelia, dysplastic cells, or CIS and were inputted into a computer system that integrated a three-dimensional image of ducts in the display.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) The tumors arose in the main pancreatic duct or its subbranches, and the cysts corresponded to segments expanded by the superficial growth of tumor cells; (2) areas of CIS arose in zones of preceding dysplasia, suggesting a dysplasia-carcinoma sequence; and (3) dysplastic or cancerous cells often extended intraductally over the dilated segments of ducts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003196:Computer Graphics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*