title: Pharmacokinetics of cefepime in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of cefepime were studied in 10 male patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis therapy. Five patients received a single 1,000-mg dose and the other five received a single 2,000-mg dose; all doses were given as 30-min intravenous infusions. Serial plasma, urine, and peritoneal dialysate samples were collected; and the concentrations of cefepime in these fluids were measured over 72 h by using a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay with UV detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental methods. The peak concentrations in plasma and the areas under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve for the 2,000-mg dose group were twice as high as those observed for the 1,000-mg dose group. The elimination half-life of cefepime was about 18 h and was independent of the dose. The steady-state volume of distribution was about 22 liters, and values for the 1,000- and 2,000-mg doses were not significantly different. The values for total body clearance and peritoneal dialysis clearance were about 15 and 4 ml/min, respectively. No dose dependency was observed for the clearance estimates. Over the 72-h sampling period, about 26% of the dose was excreted intact into the peritoneal dialysis fluid. For 48 h postdose, mean concentrations of cefepime in dialysate at the end of each dialysis interval exceeded the reported MICs for 90% of the isolates (MIC90s) for bacteria which commonly cause peritonitis resulting from continuous peritoneal dialysis. A parenteral dose of 1,000 or 2,000 mg of cefepime every 48 h would maintain the antibiotic levels in plasma and peritoneal fluid above the MIC90s for the most susceptible bacteria for the treatment of systemic and intraperitoneal infections [corrected].
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Syracuse, New York 13221-4755.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Barbhaiya
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Knupp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfeffer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zaccardelli
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Dukes
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mattern
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Pittman
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hak
mesh_terms: D000077723:Cefepime; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000032:analysis; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D011897:Random Allocation; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D000077723:Cefepime