title: Laboratory and field evaluation of five repellents against the black flies Prosimulium mixtum and P. fuscum (Diptera: Simuliidae).
abstract: Deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide), the lactone CIC-4 ([2-hydroxy-methyl-cyclohexyl] acetic acid lactone), the USDA Proprietary Chemicals AI3-37220 (1- [3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine) and ++[3-35765 (1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl] piperidine), and the U.S. military extended duration repellent formulation (EDRF) of deet were evaluated for repellency in the laboratory and field against the black flies Prosimulium mixtum and P. fuscum. CIC-4, AI3-37220, and AI3-35765 were as effective as deet at repelling P. mixtum and P. fuscum in laboratory and field experiments. Only the EDRF provided significantly longer protection than the deet standard against these black flies in the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20307-5100.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lapointe
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Edman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002867:Chromones; D003671:DEET; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007302:Insect Repellents; D010880:Piperidines; D012843:Simuliidae
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D007302:Insect Repellents; D010880:Piperidines; D003671:DEET; C075891:(2-hydroxymethylcyclohexyl)acetic acid lactone; C023423:AI 3-35765; C075892:1-(3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine