title: Clean and sterile intermittent catheterization methods in hospitalized patients with spinal cord injury.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of urinary infection using clean intermittent catheterization with the incidence of infection using sterile intermittent catheterization in patients hospitalized with spinal cord injury who were not receiving prophylactic antibiotics. Forty-six patients were assigned randomly to a clean (n = 23) or sterile (n = 23) study group. Catheterizations were done at least every six hours. Infection was defined as bacteriuria greater than or equal to 100,000 organisms/mL or greater than or equal to 10,000 organisms per mL with fever of 100 degrees F or greater. Results of urinary dipslides were recorded daily. Twenty-eight subjects (60.9%) converted to greater than or equal to 100,000 organisms per mL. Method of catheterization was neither associated significantly with development of greater than or equal to 100,000 organisms per mL. (X2[1,46] = .36, p = .55) nor with symptomatic infections (X2[1,46] = .15, p = .70). Data support the use of clean intermittent catheterization under the conditions used in this study, including the use of a sterile catheter each day and careful monitoring of infection and technique. Before using this method with other diagnostic groups or in different clinical settings, further investigation is needed.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, IL 60611.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mervine
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Yarkony
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001207:Asepsis / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013242:Sterilization / Q000592:standards*; D013997:Time Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine