title: Degradation of azo dyes by the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
abstract: Under nitrogen-limiting, secondary metabolic conditions, the white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium extensively mineralized the specifically 14C-ring-labeled azo dyes 4-phenylazophenol, 4-phenylazo-2-methoxyphenol, Disperse Yellow 3 [2-(4'-acetamidophenylazo)-4-methylphenol], 4-phenylazoaniline, N,N-dimethyl-4-phenylazoaniline, Disperse Orange 3 [4-(4'-nitrophenylazo)-aniline], and Solvent Yellow 14 (1-phenylazo-2-naphthol). Twelve days after addition to cultures, the dyes had been mineralized 23.1 to 48.1%. Aromatic rings with substituents such as hydroxyl, amino, acetamido, or nitro functions were mineralized to a greater extent than unsubstituted rings. Most of the dyes were degraded extensively only under nitrogen-limiting, ligninolytic conditions. However, 4-phenylazo-[U-14C]phenol and 4-phenylazo-[U-14C]2-methoxyphenol were mineralized to a lesser extent under nitrogen-sufficient, nonligninolytic conditions as well. These results suggest that P. chrysosporium has potential applications for the cleanup of textile mill effluents and for the bioremediation of dye-contaminated soil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, Beaverton 97006.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Spadaro
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Renganathan
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D008903:Minerals; D008031:Lignin