title: Management of facial synkinesis with Clostridium botulinum toxin injection.
abstract: Associated movements after facial paralysis (synkinesis), due to unphysiological co-innervation of the facial muscles, often complicates the rehabilitation of patients following facial palsy. Clostridium botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of acetylcholine from motor nerve end plates, causing skeletal muscular paralysis. This paper concentrates on its clinical use in treating synkinesis affecting orbicularis oculi function and documents the results of treatment in 4 patients. Control of synkinesis, achieved in all 4 patients, was effective within a few days and lasted for 4-6 months. 2 patients developed transient diplopia and ptosis shortly after injection. However, no lasting complications or systemic side-effects were noted. All patients reported a significant improvement in their symptoms and reinjection at 7 months was carried out successfully.
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology Unit, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Mountain
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quaba
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005152:Facial Muscles; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D009915:Orbit
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins