title: Comparison of combined therapies in treatment of secondary failure to glyburide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of alternative combined treatments in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with secondary failure to sulfonylureas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A crossover study was carried out by randomly assigning 16 NIDDM patients to a combined treatment with the addition of either a single low-dose bedtime injection of 0.2 U/kg body wt NPH insulin or an oral three times a day administration of 1.5 g/day metformin to the previously ineffective glyburide treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both combined therapies significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG) and percentage of HbA1. The addition of metformin was more effective than the addition of insulin (P less than 0.01) in improving PPPG in the 8 patients with higher post-glucagon C-peptide levels. In contrast, the efficacy of neither combined therapy was related to patient age, age of diabetes onset, duration of the disease, percentage of ideal body weight, and FPG. The addition of insulin but not metformin caused a significant (P less than 0.01) increase of mean body weight. Neither combined treatment caused changes in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. No symptomatic hypoglycemic episode was reported in any of the 16 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of bedtime NPH insulin or metformin was effective in improving the glycemic control in most NIDDM patients with secondary failure to glyburide. The combination of metformin and sulfonylurea was more effective in reducing PPPG and did not induce any increase of body weight.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Endocrinologia, Università di Catania, Ospedale Garibaldi, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trischitta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Italia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazzarino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buscema
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rabuazzo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sangiorgio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Squatrito
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vigneri
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004435:Eating; D005215:Fasting; D005905:Glyburide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D005905:Glyburide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D008687:Metformin