title: Maximal exercise response of paraplegic wheelchair road racers.
abstract: The maximal metabolic responses of 11 paraplegic wheelchair road racers were evaluated with 2 wheelchair exercise protocols: increasing speed and increasing resistance. The maximal heart rates, minute ventilations and oxygen uptakes were similar for the 2 tests, indicating that either protocol is suitable for maximal wheelchair dynamometer exercise tests for groups. The resulting data were then compared to published data on maximal arm exercise by athletic and non athletic paraplegics and ambulatory males of the same age group. The combined mean values for both exercise tests of maximal oxygen consumption rate (VO2max = 37.4 ml/kg/min), minute ventilation (VE = 109.4 l/min), respiratory exchange quotient (RQmax = 1.18) and heart rate (187 beats/min) are in the mid range of reported data on wheelchair athletes. The mean RQ and heart rate values were similar to those achieved by ambulatory individuals performing maximal exercise tests. The mean VO2max of 37.4 ml/kg/min in our subjects is comparable to that achieved by sedentary ambulatory males of this age group. The data and the comparison to published data suggest several conclusions: in some parameters elite male paraplegic road racers have maximal values similar to those of ambulatory males, and in others they have maximal values substantially lower than might be expected; there is considerable variability among paraplegics in the metabolic responses to maximal exercise, most likely related to differences in cardiovascular fitness; and paraplegics can improve their cardiovascular fitness by training.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Program, California State University, Sacramento 95819-6019.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bedi
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Drechsler-Parks
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013177:Sports; D013546:Sweating / Q000502:physiology; D014910:Wheelchairs