title: Prevalence of raised sodium-lithium countertransport activity in type 1 diabetic patients.
abstract: The prevalence of raised Na+/Li+ countertransport (CT) activity (greater than 0.41 mmol/liter RBC/hr) was assessed in 185 consecutive insulin-dependent diabetic patients attending an outpatient diabetic clinic. Normoalbuminuria was defined as an overnight albumin excretion rate (AER) of less than 20 micrograms/min (N = 121), microalbuminuria as AER between 20 and 150 micrograms/min (N = 35) and macroalbuminuria as AER greater than or equal to 150 micrograms/min (N = 29). The prevalence of elevated Na+/Li+CT (greater than 0.41 mmol/liter RBC/hr) was 21.5, 42.8 and 51.7% (P = 0.0005), in patients with normo-, micro- and macroalbuminuria, respectively. In the whole group, Na+/Li+CT was significantly related to mean blood pressure (MBP; rs = 0.37, P less than 0.001) and AER (rs = 0.38, P less than 0.001). In a multiple regression analysis the significant correlates of AER, as a continuous variable, or of proteinuria (micro + macroalbuminuria), as a categorical variable, were Na+/Li+CT, MBP, duration of diabetes and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1). The frequency of normoalbuminuric patients with high Na+/Li+CT activity fell with duration of diabetes. The risk of proteinuria was significantly greater in patients with raised Na+/Li+CT compared to those with Na+/Li+CT within the normal range (odds ratio 3.8, 95% CI, 1.9 and 7.8). A relative excess of patients with proteinuria (micro + macroalbuminuria) was found in the group with elevated Na+/Li+CT and HbA1 above the median value (8.05%) of the whole population (chi 2 = 9.7, P less than 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Unit for Metabolic Medicine, United Medical School, Guy's Hospital, London, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lopes de Faria
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tariq
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Viberti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology; D017920:Antiporters; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017920:Antiporters; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C045885:sodium-lithium countertransporter