title: Menstrual function after tubal sterilization.
abstract: More than 10 million women in the United States have undergone tubal sterilization. There has been concern that this procedure may increase the risk of later menstrual dysfunction. The Collaborative Review of Sterilization (CREST) is a large, multicenter, prospective study of tubal sterilization in the United States. This report describes CREST participants who were interviewed immediately before sterilization and again in annual poststerilization interviews for up to 5 years between 1978 and 1988. The authors analyzed reported changes in six menstrual cycle characteristics for 5,070 women undergoing interval sterilizations. Longitudinal, multivariate regression was used to adjust for baseline menstrual function and other potential confounders. Five years after sterilization, 35% of the CREST participants reported high levels of menstrual pain, 49% reported heavy or very heavy menstrual flow, and 10% reported spotting between periods. In contrast to the fifth year, the first year of follow-up was similar to presterilization menstrual function; in the first year, 27% of participants reported high menstrual pain, 41% reported heavy menstrual flow, and 7% reported spotting. These findings may be affected by aging of the cohort and other study limitations, but they suggest that if tubal sterilization leads to changes in menstrual function, such changes may take some time to develop.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martinez-Schnell
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000009:adverse effects*