title: Social networks and help-seeking experiences of pregnant teens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe low-income pregnant teens' perceptions of their social network characteristics and their prenatal help-seeking experiences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive, cross sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prenatal clinic of an urban hospital (n = 29) and two other sites (n = 2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one unmarried, low-income, pregnant teenage girls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Social network characteristics, including social support; relationships between social network characteristics and demographic variables; and help-seeking characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Length of pregnancy was negatively correlated with network size (-.45, p = .011), emotional support (-.40, p = .026), tangible support (-.38, p = .033), and prenatal support (-.41, p = .022). Compared with older teens (18-19 years old), younger teens (16-17 years old) perceived their families, relatives, or both as providing a larger proportion of their total support (t(28) = 2.64, p = .014) and prenatal support (t(25.55) = 2.93, p = .007), and friends as providing a smaller proportion of their total support. Types of help most often needed were emotional and financial. The resource most used was the teen's mother, followed by the father of the unborn child. Barriers to help were most often the unavailability of someone on whom the teen relied and financial inadequacies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The perception of less support as pregnancy progresses may indicate a gap between needs and resources. Differences in younger and older teens' support sources and the focus of help seeking on emotional and financial support have implications for nursing care.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: May
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000592:standards; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D016389:Maternal-Child Nursing / Q000379:methods; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000523:psychology*; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000592:standards*; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires