title: The effects of cold application and modified PNF stretching techniques on hip joint flexibility in college males.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of modified Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) flexibility techniques on hip flexion in college males and to determine if local cold application enhances the effectiveness of these techniques. Male subjects (N = 120), with an average age of 21.5 +/- 2.7 years, were randomly assigned to one of four different kinds of stretching treatments with cold or no cold application (15 per group). Range of motion (ROM) in degrees was determined following four stretching techniques: three modified PNF (PCP, 3-PIECP, 3-PIFCP) and a passive stretch (P). Data were analyzed using a 2 (conditions) x 4 (treatments) ANOVA. There were no significant differences in ROM between cold and no cold conditions. Significant differences existed among ROM techniques (p less than .05). Post hoc analyses revealed that the three modified PNF techniques resulted in greater ROM than the passive stretch technique. However, we conclude that cold application does not influence the effectiveness of selected stretching techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas.
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Cornelius
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ebrahim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003452:Cryosurgery; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology