title: Induction of swelling, synovial hyperplasia and cartilage proteoglycan loss upon intra-articular injection of transforming growth factor beta-2 in the rabbit.
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional homodimeric polypeptide with potent actions upon many target cells, including those of mesenchymal and haemopoietic lineage. The recent reports of high levels of the cytokine in rheumatoid synovium and synovial fluid, prompted this study into the effect of intra-articular injection of TGF beta-2 into rabbit knee-joints. Four daily injections of 1 microgram caused swelling, probably as a consequence of prostaglandin E2 production, synovial fibroblastic hyperplasia and a striking loss of femoral condyle proteoglycan. Using the polymerase chain reaction, no evidence could be obtained for the induction of interleukin-1 alpha gene expression in either synovial tissue or synovial fluid cells. These findings suggest that the TGF-beta present in the rheumatoid joint may contribute directly to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bone and Joint Disease, Sandoz Research Institute, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Elford
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graeber
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohtsu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aeberhard
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Legendre
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wishart
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D015232:Dinoprostone