title: Effects of head-down tilt and saline loading on body weight, fluid, and electrolyte homeostasis in man.
abstract: We studied the effects of head-down tilt bedrest (HDT) on body weight, fluid and sodium homeostasis. A fluid load session with rapid intravenous infusion of 22 ml/kg body weight (BW) isotonic saline was performed before, during and after HDT. During the pre- and post HDT periods the test subjects were given a diet containing 2600 kcal/day. The energy intake was reduced to 2000 kcal/day during HDT. Water intake was kept constant at 40 ml/kg BW, sodium intake was 2.2 mmol/kg BW and protein intake was 1.4 g/kg BW, while the daily fat and carbohydrate intake was reduced during the HDT period. As expected plasma volume and BW changed rapidly in the beginning of HDT and during early recovery. A total body water loss of 0.6 l was observed within the second day after tilting. Plasma volume was reduced by 16% during HDT-bedrest. The time course of the body fluid loss paralleled a decrease in body sodium that then remained fairly constant during the HDT-bedrest period (except for the interference caused by the fluid loading on day S06). A restoration of body fluid and body sodium content occurred early in the recovery period. Fluid loading caused a negative fluid balance of 0.6-0.9 l over a 48 hr period following infusion regardless of the phase of the HDT study. These results demonstrate that under our strictly controlled conditions 1) HDT alters body fluid and sodium balances, 2) a standard fluid loading causes a net negative 3-day fluid balance during all phases of the study.
authors.affiliation: DLR-Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drummer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baisch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maass
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gerzer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kropp
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Blomqvist
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001810:Blood Volume; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D010953:Plasma Volume; D012964:Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013026:Space Flight; D016683:Supine Position / Q000502:physiology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium