title: Effect of including parents in a school-based exercise and nutrition program for children.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parental involvement in a school-based program about exercise and nutrition. One fifth grade and one sixth grade class were randomly assigned to each of the three different treatment conditions, a school-and-home condition (n = 45), a school-only condition (n = 43), and a control condition (n = 44). In the school-and-home condition, the children's parents were also asked to participate in nutritional and exercise activities at home as a family "home team." A multivariate analysis of variance on change scores was completed on the following variables: height, weight, skinfold, sit-and-reach, sit-ups, mile run, exercise knowledge, saturated fat, cholesterol, percent calories from fat, percent calories from carbohydrates, and nutrition knowledge. There was a significant difference among groups. The school-and-home and school-only groups showed significantly greater improvement than the control group but were not significantly different from each other. Univariate analyses on posttest scores indicated that the school-and-home children scored significantly higher than the control group on sit-and-reach flexibility and nutrition knowledge. The results indicate that including the family was primarily effective in facilitating children's improvements in flexibility and nutrition knowledge rather than in diet and exercise behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hopper
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Herb
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D015444:Exercise; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D010290:Parents; D010809:Physical Fitness