title: TNF alpha induces IL-6 production by astrocytes but not by microglia.
abstract: Astrocytes and microglia, both produced interleukin-6 (IL-6) in culture by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. IL-6 activity was detected 3-5 h after LPS stimulation and reached a maximum at 10 h. Microglia responded faster than astrocytes. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 also induced IL-6 mRNA and biological activity in astrocytes, but not in microglia. Among these stimuli, LPS was the most potent inducer of IL-6 production by astrocytes. Our results suggest that different regulatory mechanisms for cytokine production exist in glial cells. The possible roles of astrocytes and microglia in CNS immune responses are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzumura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marunouchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008648:Mesoderm; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha