title: Effect of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-alpha on the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia.
abstract: In this study, we further established the role of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) as regulators of proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. AML cells from 8 of 15 patients incorporated high levels of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) in the absence of exogenous growth factors. The spontaneous DNA synthesis could be abrogated with monospecific antibodies directed toward IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, or TNF-alpha, as well as with antigranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Human recombinant GM-CSF reversed the inhibitory action of each of these antibodies and reinduced DNA synthesis in AML cells. Thus, in these cases, constitutively produced IL-1 or TNF-alpha had stimulated the synthesis of GM-CSF, which resulted in GM-CSF-dependent proliferation of AML blasts. Exogenous IL-1 up-regulated the endogenous production of GM-CSF, suggesting a positive regulation of autocrine growth factor production. We also present evidence that TNF-alpha may exert both stimulative as well as inhibitory effects on DNA synthesis in AML cells. The enhancing effect of TNF-alpha was mediated through the induction of GM-CSF production, as stimulation of DNA synthesis in AML blasts could be abrogated with anti-GM-CSF antibody. A concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of TNF-alpha on 3H-TdR incorporation into AML blasts was observed only when these cells were grown in the absence of GM-CSF. Finally, we show that human recombinant IFN-alpha is a potent inhibitor of AML cell proliferation in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Silvian-Draxler
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tatarsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001752:Blast Crisis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D014316:Tritium; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014316:Tritium; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D004247:DNA; D013936:Thymidine