title: A quartz crystal biosensor for measurement in liquids.
abstract: The detection of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies by means of synthetic HIV peptide immobilized on a piezoelectric quartz sensor is demonstrated. The measurement set-up consists of an oscillator circuit, a suitably modified AT-cut thickness-shear-mode quartz crystal with gold electrodes, which is housed in a special reaction vessel, and a computer-controlled frequency counter for the registration of the measured frequency values. The quartz crystal is adapted for a steady operation in liquids at a frequency of 20 MHz. In phosphate-buffered saline solution the oscillator reaches a stability of about 0.5 Hz within a few seconds, of about 2 Hz within 10 min and about 30 Hz within 1 h. The frequency shift due to the adsorption of various proteins to the uncoated sensor surface has been investigated. It can be shown that a stable adsorptive binding of proteins to an oscillating gold surface is feasible and can be used for the immobilization of a receptor layer (e.g. HIV peptide). Specific binding of the anti-HIV monoclonal antibody to the HIV peptide immobilized on the quartz sensor is demonstrated. Control experiments show, however, additional unspecific binding. According to the experiments, the Sauerbrey formula gives a sufficiently accurate value for the decrease of the resonant frequency due to adsorption or binding of macromolecular proteins on the quartz crystal surface.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer-Institut für Festkörpertechnologie, München, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kösslinger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Drost
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aberl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Woias
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001709:Biotechnology; D003460:Crystallization; D004581:Electronics; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D015488:HIV Antigens; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D007163:Immunosorbent Techniques; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D011791:Quartz
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015488:HIV Antigens; D010455:Peptides; D011791:Quartz