title: Antioxidant activity of the pyridoindole stobadine. Pulse radiolytic characterization of one-electron-oxidized stobadine and quenching of singlet molecular oxygen.
abstract: Antioxidant properties of stobadine, a pyridoindole derivative described to exhibit cardioprotective properties, were characterized. The radical scavenging potential of stobadine was evaluated using pulse radiolysis with optical detection, by which it is shown that one-electron oxidation of stobadine with radicals such as C6H5O., CCl3O2., Br2.-, and HO. (reaction rate constants approximately 5 x 10(8)-10(10) M-1 s-1) leads to the radical cation (absorbance maxima at 280 and 445 nm) which deprotonates from the indolic nitrogen (pKa = 5.0) to give a nitrogen-centered radical (absorbance maxima at 275, 335, and 410 nm), probably bearing a positive charge at the pyrido nitrogen. The radical of stobadine reacts with Trolox (i.e., 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chromane-2-carboxylic acid) with a rate constant of 1.2 x 10(7) M-1 s-1 at pH 7.0 by one-electron oxidation to yield the phenoxyl-type radical of Trolox. This reaction is reversible (k = 2 x 10(5) M-1 s-1). The redox potential of stobadine at pH 7 is 0.58 V/NHE. Stobadine is also a quencher of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) with an overall quenching rate constant of 1.3 x 10(8) M-1 s-1, determined with the endoperoxide of 3,3'-(1,4-naphthylene)dipropionate (NDPO2) as 1O2 source and by monitoring 1O2 photoemission with a germanium diode.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologische Chemie I, Universität Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steenken
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sundquist
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Jovanovic
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crockett
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sies
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002243:Carbolines / Q000737:chemistry*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002243:Carbolines; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; C100106:dicarbine