title: Predictions of energy intake and energy allowance of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and their validity.
abstract: Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are so malnourished that energy supplementation is crucial. Their degree of energy deficiency was assessed as difference between their energy intake and their energy allowance, which were deduced from easily measured parameters. A significant, negative relationship was found between the basal metabolic rate (BMR) (Y, %, BMR/standard BMR) and body weight (X, %, body weight/standard body weight) in the patients, from which the formula for the BMR was deduced to be Y = -1.116X + 174.5 (n = 202, r = -0.72, p less than 0.001). Thus, it is possible to estimate the energy allowance for individual patients by a factorial procedure from the presumed BMR and a factor for physical activity. In addition, their energy intake was calculated from a constant protein-energy % (14.6%) in their diet and nitrogen intake which was deduced from a significant positive correlation between their nitrogen intake (Y, mg/kg/day) and their nitrogen excretion in 24 h urine samples (X, mg/kg/day). This correlation conformed to the equation Y = 1.053X + 32.4 (n = 267, r = +0.76, p less than 0.001). The validities of the above predictions for energy intake and allowance were examined by plotting the degree of energy deficiency (% ratio of presumed intake/presumed allowance) against the concentrations of retinal binding protein, prealbumin and transferrin in the serum, because rapid turnover proteins are sensitive to energy deficiency. Significant positive correlations were obtained with both variables, suggesting that these predictions were valid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niiyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000652:urine; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen