title: Orbicular muscle akinesia: a comparison, using electromyography, of three techniques.
abstract: Ninety patients scheduled for elective cataract extraction under local anesthesia received an inferolateral intraconal injection of 4 mL of etidocaine mixed with hyaluronidase. They were divided into three groups of 30 patients each according to the method used to provide orbicular akinesia. Those in group I had a nasal, intraorbital injection; those in group II underwent electrostimulation to locate branches of the facial nerve in the eyelids; and those in group III had the anesthetic agent injected subcutaneously into the lids. Ten minutes after the regional blockade, orbicular muscle activity of the upper eyelid, as measured by electromyography, was found to be higher in group I than in the other two groups. The muscular activity of the lower lid at 10 minutes, or of either of the lids at 20 minutes, was similar in all three groups. The use of electrostimulation did not yield better orbicular akinesia than the infiltration technique alone. Nasal injection improved globe akinesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ropo
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D004576:Electromyography; D005041:Etidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005143:Eyelids / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007267:Injections; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; D005041:Etidocaine