title: Prospective analysis of possible myocardial damage or hemolysis occurring as a result of prolonged autoperfusion angioplasty in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to further explore the procedural safety of prolonged (15-min) dilation using an autoperfusion coronary angioplasty balloon by assessing the degree of myocardial damage or hemolysis, if any, occurring as a result of the procedure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Prolonged balloon inflation periods may be beneficial during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The duration of standard balloon angioplasty is often limited by the occurrence of myocardial ischemia due to loss of anterograde blood flow. Autoperfusion angioplasty allows continued myocardial perfusion during balloon inflation and has previously been shown to reduce but not totally eliminate acute myocardial ischemia during prolonged (up to 15 min) balloon inflation. The risk of intravascular hemolysis as a result of autoperfusion angioplasty has not yet been fully delineated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two consecutive patients (76% men; mean age 58 years) undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of a single lesion were studied. Serial electrocardiographic and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme data were examined to detect evidence of myocardial damage. Tests for hemolysis (plasma free hemoglobin, serum haptoglobin and serum lactate dehydrogenase) were obtained in the 1st 24 consecutive patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inflation time was 14 +/- 4 min (mean +/- SD) and the procedure was successful (less than or equal to 50% residual lesion stenosis) in 59 patients (95%). Electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction (greater than 1 mm persistent ST segment depression, greater than 1 mm ST segment elevation or new Q waves) was not observed in any patient. Cardiac enzyme assays were within the normal range in all patients. No evidence of hemolysis was found in the 24 consecutive patients studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that prolonged autoperfusion angioplasty can be performed in patients without clinical evidence of myocardial damage or hemolysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Muhlestein
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Quigley
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ohman
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sketch
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tcheng
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Behar
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Krucoff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003402:Creatine Kinase