title: Prolonged toxicity with intermediate syndrome after combined parathion and methyl parathion poisoning.
abstract: A prolonged type of organophosphate toxicity, previously characterized as the Intermediate Syndrome, has been recognized in 6 out of 7 prospectively studied patients poisoned by insecticide containing parathion and methyl parathion in equal proportions. The clinical characteristics included respiratory paresis, weakness in the territories of several motor cranial nerves, neck flexors and proximal limb muscles, and depressed tendon reflexes, all lasting for several days or weeks. Electromyography in the early stages disclosed diverse types of impaired neuromuscular transmission. EMG normalization preceded clinical recovery. Severe plasma butyrylcholinesterase and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibition persisted along with the occurrence of Intermediate Syndrome-related symptoms. We conclude that combined parathion and methyl parathion poisoning is more likely to induce Intermediate Syndrome than parathion poisoning alone. The mechanisms underlying this difference remain obscure. The Intermediate Syndrome shows clinical and electromyographic hallmarks of combined postsynaptic impairment of neuromuscular transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Bleecker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Den Neucker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Reuck
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vogelaers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001285:Atropine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000506:poisoning; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D004576:Electromyography; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008743:Methyl Parathion / Q000506:poisoning*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D010278:Parathion / Q000506:poisoning*; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012133:Respiratory Paralysis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds; D008743:Methyl Parathion; D010278:Parathion; D001285:Atropine; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D002802:Cholinesterases; C028797:pralidoxime