title: Prevalence and causes of albuminuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
abstract: A prospective study of the prevalence and causes of persistent albuminuria (greater than 300 mg/24 hr) was conducted in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients, age less than 66 years, attending a diabetic clinic during 1987. All eligible patients (N = 370) were asked to collect at least one 24-hour urine sample for albumin analysis. Urine collection was obtained in 224 males and 139 females (98%). Fifty patients (7 women) suffered from persistent albuminuria (13.8%). The prevalence of albuminuria was significantly higher in males (19%) than in females (5%). A kidney biopsy was performed in 35 patients (70%). The kidney biopsies revealed diffuse and/or nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis in 27 patients (77%), while the remaining eight patients (23%) had a variety of non-diabetic glomerulopathies, such as minimal lesion and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Diabetic retinopathy was present in 15 of 27 patients (56%) with diabetic glomerulosclerosis, while none of the eight patients with a non-diabetic glomerulopathy had retinopathy. Our cross sectional study has revealed a high prevalence of albuminuria and of non-diabetic glomerulopathy as a cause of this complication in NIDDM patients. Presence of diabetic retinopathy strongly suggests that a diabetic glomerulopathy is the cause of albuminuria. Albuminuric non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients without retinopathy require further evaluation, that is, kidney biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Steno Memorial Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Parving
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gall
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skøtt
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Løkkegaard
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001706:Biopsy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity