title: Plasma HIV-1 viremia in HIV-1 infected individuals assessed by polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: We established a method to estimate the amounts of HIV-1 particles in plasma from patients with HIV-1 infection by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) following reverse transcription (RT) of viral RNA (RNA-PCR) and assessed the potential usefulness of this approach to monitor the changes of viral load in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) receiving 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI). Plasma samples were obtained from 77 patients with HIV-1 infection (49 AIDS/ARC and 28 asymptomatic seropositives). Following ultracentrifugation of plasma, RNA was extracted from the pelleted virus and subjected to RT and PCR. The number of HIV-1 virus particles in each sample was determined using known amounts of HIV-1 DNA as reference control for PCR. The current plasma RNA-PCR technique quantitatively detected HIV-1 particles in plasma from 76 of 77 (98.7%) HIV-1-infected individuals examined. The numbers of HIV-1 particles in plasma from patients with AIDS or ARC were markedly higher than those in plasma from asymptomatic seropositive individuals (p less than 0.0001). Higher levels of plasma HIV-1 particle numbers were detected in individuals with lower CD4+ T cell counts. Patients (n = 10) who received oral ddI at doses greater than or equal to 6.4 mg/kg/day for 8 to 14 weeks had a profound decrease in plasma HIV-1 particle numbers (p = 0.0051). Patients (n = 7) receiving ddI for 45 to 71 weeks also had a decrease (p = 0.018). It should be noted, however, that more research is required to evaluate the usefulness of this technique in assessing the disease status and monitoring the activity of antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Retrovirology Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aoki-Sei
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yarchoan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Hoekzema
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pluda
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wyvill
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Broder
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitsuya
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral; D016049:Didanosine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000382:microbiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D014766:Viremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D012367:RNA, Viral; D016049:Didanosine