title: The neuroprotective actions of 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline (NBQX) in a rat focal ischaemia model.
abstract: The neuroprotective effects of NBQX, a selective antagonist for the AMPA/kainate subtype of excitatory amino acid receptors, were investigated in a rat focal ischaemia model, involving permanent occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). NBQX (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg) was administered i.v. immediately after MCA occlusion and again 1 h later. The highest dose of NBQX (2 x 30 mg/kg) gave significant protection against hemispheric (24%) and cortical (27%) ischaemic damage. The lower doses of NBQX (2 x 3 or 2 x 10 mg/kg) were ineffective. No protection was seen against caudate damage for any of the doses of NBQX tested. NBQX has a t1/2 of 30 min, therefore, a second experiment was done in which a dose of 30 mg/kg was given as an i.v. bolus followed immediately by an infusion of 10 mg/kg/h for 4 h, dosing was started immediately after MCA occlusion. This dosing regimen resulted in a mean plasma level over the 4 h of 17 micrograms/ml, and significant protection against the volume of hemispheric (29%) and cortical (35%) ischaemic damage, which was slightly better than that achieved with two bolus doses of 30 mg/kg. Once again no protection was seen against caudate damage. We conclude that NBQX, an AMPA/kainate antagonist was neuroprotective in a focal ischaemia model in the rat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nordholm
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lodge
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D011810:Quinoxalines; C062865:2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline