title: Selective aortic arch perfusion during cardiac arrest: a new resuscitation technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the technique of selective aortic arch perfusion during cardiac arrest and to observe the hemodynamic effects of volume infusion and aortic epinephrine administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequential series, nonrandomized, noncontrolled.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen mongrel dogs weighing 21 to 36 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals had midaortic arch pressure, right atrial pressure, and descending aortic arch balloon occlusion catheters placed. After ten minutes of ventricular fibrillation, balloon inflation and aortic arch infusions were initiated as follows: group 1 (six), 30 mL/kg/min of 0.9% NaCl for two minutes; group 2 (four), 30 mL/kg/min of oxygenated lactated Ringer's with 2 mg/L epinephrine for two minutes, followed by CPR; and group 3 (four), 20 mL/kg/min of oxygenated perfluorochemicals with 4 mg/L epinephrine for one minute, then CPR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Midaortic arch pressure, right atrial pressure, and coronary perfusion pressure each rose significantly in all groups. Midaortic arch pressure and coronary perfusion pressure increases were greater in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1. In groups 1 and 2, right atrial pressure increases at end-selective aortic arch perfusion were excessive as midaortic arch pressure and right atrial pressure increased linearly and similarly after 20 to 30 seconds. In groups 2 and 3, CPR-diastolic midaortic arch pressure and coronary perfusion pressure after selective aortic arch perfusion were good and similar to midaortic arch pressure and coronary perfusion pressure at end-selective aortic arch perfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective aortic arch perfusion is technically feasible, but excessive right atrial pressure increases limit maximal infusion rates and volumes. Selective aortic arch perfusion infusates with epinephrine produce greater midaortic arch pressure and coronary perfusion pressure during infusion than infusate without epinephrine. Controlled studies are needed to determine if selective aortic arch perfusion improves resuscitation outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, School of Medicine.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hertz
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Perretta
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Norfleet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004837:Epinephrine