title: Short- and long-term retention of a nursing home education program on metered-dose inhaler technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate an education program on metered-dose inhaler (MDI) technique designed for nurses and trained medication aides (TMAs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The education program included a handout, a lecture incorporating a videotape on correct inhaler and device technique, and hands-on experience with placebo inhalers. The participants' ability to verbalize and demonstrate correct MDI technique was assessed by the same two-person teams before, immediately after, and two months after the program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five nursing homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six nurses and TMAs practicing in nursing homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Learning and retention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participants' mean (+/- SD) verbal and demonstration scores increased immediately after the program by 68 +/- 18 points for verbalization and 47 +/- 16 points for demonstration. The participants were always better at demonstrating than verbalizing MDI technique. The participants' baseline verbal and demonstration scores correlated with the amount learned. Learning was influenced by the individual nursing home (verbal and demonstration) and personal use (demonstration only), but not by academic degree, previous training, past instruction of a patient, or current care of a patient who was receiving inhaler therapy. After two months, the scores were lower than immediately after the program test by 0-92 points for verbalization and 10-80 points for demonstration; however, the mean scores were still significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than the baseline scores. Retention of knowledge on the correct technique was greater for the demonstration component. Retention was influenced only by the nursing home in which the participant worked, and not any of the other variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our structured education program significantly improved inhaler technique; however, to maintain retention of the material, the program should be frequently repeated.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Lackner
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pastor
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000592:standards*; D011939:Mental Recall; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000592:standards*; D009735:Nursing Homes; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000193:education*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors