title: Caudate hemorrhage with moyamoya-like vasculopathy from atherosclerotic disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Caudate hemorrhage usually results from hypertension, rupture of arteriovenous malformation or aneurysm, or rarely, moyamoya disease. Moyamoya-like changes related to severe atherosclerotic occlusive disease, usually causing ischemic stroke, have been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 51-year-old normotensive patient was admitted with headache due to a left caudate hematoma with ventricular extension. There was a history of smoking, leg claudication, elevated cholesterol, and coronary artery disease. Angiography demonstrated complete extracranial carotid occlusion on the left and atherosclerotic stenosis at the bifurcation on the right, with supraophthalmic occlusion distally. At the base of the brain, bilateral moyamoya-like vessels, presumed to be secondary to atherosclerotic occlusion, were evident, but neither aneurysm nor arteriovenous malformation was present. Cerebral blood flow and transcranial Doppler studies indicated severely impaired cerebral perfusion that improved after bilateral extracranial-to-intracranial bypass surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atherosclerotic occlusive carotid disease with moyamoya-like changes may be a rare cause of caudate hemorrhage. A decrease in moyamoya vessels with bypass surgery may reduce the risk of recurrent hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Steinke
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Tatemichi
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Massaro
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Prohovnik
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002421:Caudate Nucleus; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D014695:Cerebral Ventriculography; D006801:Humans; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography