title: Blood-derived macrophages produce IL-1, but not TNF-alpha, after infection with HIV-1 isolates from patients at different stages of disease.
abstract: Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) are not constitutively produced by human mononuclear phagocytes. In the present study we have investigated the production of these cytokines in human blood-derived macrophages (BDM) after infection with 16 primary HIV-1 blood isolates obtained from individuals at different stages of disease. In addition, we monitored the replicative capacity of these primary isolates in blood-derived macrophages over a 3-month period. Production of IL-1 alpha was detected in two cultures, IL-beta was positive in two other cultures, and both IL-1 alpha and IL-beta were present in three additional macrophage cultures. IL-1 alpha production was also detected in BDMs infected with the laboratory strain HIV-1 IIIB. In contrast, TNF-alpha was not found in any of the culture supernatants tested. All primary HIV-1 isolates used in these experiments were able to infect BDM productively irrespective of the clinical stage of the patients at the time of virus isolation. The production of IL-1 was mostly found in chronically infected cultures displaying low levels of HIV-1 replication. These results indicate that macrophages tropism is a general feature of all HIV-1 isolates. Furthermore, release of IL-1 by mononuclear phagocytes upon HIV-1 infection may contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV-1 related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valentin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Svenson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Asjö
mesh_terms: D001773:Blood Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha