title: Evaluation of the vertebrobasilar-posterior system by transcranial color duplex sonography in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The transcranial color duplex sonography technique was applied to the vertebrobasilar-posterior system to provide normal data for clinical application.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intracranial posterior circulation was studied in 49 healthy volunteers (mean +/- SD age, 35 +/- 12 years) by a transcranial and suboccipital approach with a 2.0-MHz sector transducer of a computed sonography system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The posterior cerebral artery and the vertebrobasilar system were depicted clearly in the color Doppler mode. Pulsed Doppler signals could be recorded in the posterior cerebral (100%), basilar (92%), and vertebral arteries (89%). The following normal values were provided for all vessels: systolic peak, end-diastolic maximum, time-averaged, and time-averaged maximum velocities; resistance and pulsatility indexes; and a spectral broadening index. Mean +/- SD values were 45.9 +/- 9.6, 45.5 +/- 10.8, and 39.2 +/- 10.6 cm/sec for time-averaged maximum velocity, and 28.3 +/- 6.5, 30.6 +/- 7.2, and 24.7 +/- 8.4 cm/sec for time-averaged velocity in the posterior cerebral, basilar, and vertebral arteries, respectively. In a reproducibility study, duplex measurements of the posterior cerebral arteries were repeated in 27 subjects. The correlation between the two examiners was high (r = 0.56, p less than or equal to 0.0001 for time-averaged maximum velocity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Color duplex sonography of the vertebrobasilar-posterior system is a new, noninvasive, bedside investigative technique. It permits visualization of artery flow in real time, relating these to adjacent brain and cranial structures, as well as angle-corrected duplex measurement of "true" flow velocities at defined sites of the vessels. Thus, it will open new diagnostic possibilities in disorders of the posterior circulation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropediatrics, Childrens' Hospital of the University of Tübingen, FRG.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schöning
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003116:Color; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012886:Skull; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology