title: The sonographic appearances in postpartum thyroiditis.
abstract: During the postpartum period about 50% of women with circulating thyroid autoantibodies develop a transient autoimmune thyroiditis. To determine the sonographic appearances in postpartum thyroiditis (PPT), serial ultrasound (US) scans of the thyroid were performed in 135 postpartum women who were divided into three clinical groups: Group 1, 37 antibody positive subjects who developed PPT; Group 2, 28 antibody positive subjects in whom thyroid function remained normal; Group 3, 70 antibody negative controls. Thyroid hypoechogenicity was observed in 14/31 patients (45%) who were scanned between 4 and 8 weeks postpartum and who subsequently developed PPT (Group 1) compared with 4/24 patients (17%) in Group 2 (P less than 0.05) and 1/65 patients (1.5%) in Group 3 (P less than 0.001). In antibody positive patients, the positive predictive value of an abnormal scan during this period was 78%. Between 15 and 25 weeks postpartum thyroid hypoechogenicity was present in 32/37 patients (86%) in Group 1 compared with 11/28 patients (39%) in Group 2 (P less than 0.001) and 2/70 patients (3%) in Group 3 (P less than 0.001). Sonographic abnormality persisted beyond 32 weeks postpartum in 36/41 antibody positive patients (87%) who had exhibited thyroid hypoechogenicity earlier during the study and who had late scans. The characteristic US appearance in PPT is thyroid hypoechogenicity. The role of sonography in the prediction, diagnosis and follow up of patients with PPT is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Llandough Hospital, Penarth, South Glamorgan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Parkes
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Richards
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000276:immunology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; C056626:thyroid microsomal antibodies; D013954:Thyroglobulin