title: A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of cataract surgery in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine prospectively the association between cigarette smoking and the risk of cataract extraction in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study beginning in 1980 with 8 years of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  United States, multistate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Registered nurses 45 to 67 years of age and free of diagnosed cancer. There were 50,828 women included in 1980 and others were added as they became 45 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of senile cataract extraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We documented 493 incident senile cataracts diagnosed and extracted during 470,302 person-years of follow-up. The age-adjusted relative risk (RR) among women who smoked at least 65 pack-years was 1.63 (95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.18 to 2.26; P for trend, .02). A similar increase in RR was noted when smoking was assessed in terms of number of cigarettes currently smoked or number of cigarettes smoked by past smokers. Results were also similar after adjusting for other potential risk factors for cataract. Smoking was also strongly associated with posterior subcapsular cataract specifically (RR, 2.59; 95% Cl, 1.49 to 4.50 for greater than or equal to 65-pack-year smokers relative to nonsmokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking appears to increase the risk of cataract extraction.
authors.affiliation: Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hankinson
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Colditz
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Seddon
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Speizer
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002386:Cataract / Q000209:etiology*; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*