title: Methotrexate in resistant juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Results of the U.S.A.-U.S.S.R. double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group and The Cooperative Children's Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The antimetabolite methotrexate has been shown in placebo-controlled trials to be effective in adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Methotrexate may also be effective in children with resistant juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, but the supporting data are from uncontrolled trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Centers in the United States and the Soviet Union participated in this randomized, controlled, double-blind trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of orally administered methotrexate. Patients received one of the following treatments each week for six months: 10 mg of methotrexate per square meter of body-surface area (low dose), 5 mg of methotrexate per square meter (very low dose), or placebo. The use of prednisone (less than or equal to 10 mg per day) and two nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs was also allowed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 127 children (mean age, 10.1 years) had a mean duration of disease of 5.1 years; 114 qualified for the analysis of efficacy. According to a composite index of several response variables, 63 percent of the children who received low-dose methotrexate improved, as compared with 32 percent of those in the very-low-dose group and 36 percent of those in the placebo group (P = 0.013). As compared with the placebo group, the low-dose group also had significantly larger mean reductions from base line in the number of joints with pain on motion (-11.0 vs. -7.1), the pain-severity score (-19 vs. -11.5), the number of joints with limited motion (-5.4 vs. -0.7), and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (-19.0 vs. -6 mm per hour). In the methotrexate groups only three children had the drug discontinued because of mild-to-moderate side effects; none had severe toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methotrexate given weekly in low doses is an effective treatment for children with resistant juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and at least in the short term this regimen is safe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuzmina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaikov
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maximov
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vorontsov
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Zemel
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D011241:Prednisone; D008727:Methotrexate