title: Dimethylthiourea, an oxygen radical scavenger, protects isolated cardiac myocytes from hypoxic injury by inhibition of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange and not by its antioxidant effects.
abstract: Myocardial reoxygenation injury may be attenuated by oxygen free radical scavengers, arguing for a role of oxygen radicals in this process. To determine whether free radical scavengers affect reoxygenation injury in isolated cardiac myocytes, resting rat ventricular myocytes were exposed to hypoxic (PO2 less than 0.02 mm Hg) glucose-free buffer alone (n = 50) or with the addition of the oxygen radical scavengers 1,3-dimethyl-2-thiourea (DMTU, 25 mM, n = 46), human recombinant superoxide dismutase (SOD, 1,000 units/ml, n = 40), or the combination of these agents (n = 41). All cells responded by undergoing contracture to a rigor form. Hypoxia was then continued for a second period (T2), the duration of which correlates inversely with survival. After reoxygenation, cells either retained their rectangular shape (survival) or hypercontracted to a rounded form (death). For the group of cells with a T2 period greater than 30 minutes, no cell exposed to buffer alone (n = 20) or to SOD (n = 16) survived, in contrast to 15 of 24 (63%) cells exposed to DMTU. The addition of SOD to DMTU offered no advantage to DMTU alone. The protective effect of DMTU was not observed when it was added at reoxygenation, suggesting that this agent has an important effect during the hypoxic period when intracellular Ca2+ is known to rise, most likely because of the reversal of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange. Therefore, the effects of DMTU on Ca2+ regulation (indexed by indo-1 fluorescence) during hypoxia were studied. DMTU significantly blunted the [Ca2+] rise during the hypoxic period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Md.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ziegelstein
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zweier
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Mellits
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Younes
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Lakatta
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology; D013890:Thiourea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C038983:1,3-dimethylthiourea; D012964:Sodium; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D013890:Thiourea; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium