title: Motorcycle crash injuries and costs: effect of a reenacted comprehensive helmet use law.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the effect of a reenacted comprehensive helmet use law on injuries and fatalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective before-and-after analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two urban counties representing 40% of Nebraska's population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred seventy-one patients reported as injured to the Nebraska Department of Roads in the period from one year before through one year after the reenactment on January 1, 1989.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The helmet use law was temporally associated with a 26% decrease in the reported rate of motorcycle crashes in Nebraska compared with five other midwestern states. There were sharp declines in the number (and rates) of reported injured, hospital transports, hospital admissions, severe nonhead injuries, severe head injuries, and deaths. Serious head injuries (Abbreviated Injury Score, 3 or higher) decreased 22%. The percentage of injured motorcyclists with serious head injuries was significantly lower among the helmeted motorcyclists (5%) than among the unhelmeted cyclists (14%) for the two years combined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reenactment of a helmet use law resulted in fewer crashes, fatalities, and severe head injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medical Services, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Muelleman
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mlinek
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Collicott
mesh_terms: D015998:Abbreviated Injury Scale; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005251:Fees, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009049:Motorcycles / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009329:Nebraska / Q000453:epidemiology; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014505:Urban Population