title: The biphasic effect of morphine on odor conditioning in neonatal rats.
abstract: Three experiments examined the dose-dependent biphasic effect of morphine on odor conditioning in neonatal rats. In Experiment 1, a single pairing of an odor and a low dose of morphine (0.5 mg/kg) in 5-day-old rats produced an odor preference, relative to an unpaired control group. In Experiment 2, pairing an odor with a high dose of morphine (2.0 mg/kg) produced an odor aversion, relative to an unpaired control group. A third experiment compared performance of a group given odor and morphine (2.0 mg/kg) paired to that of two unpaired groups: one given morphine 24 hr prior to and the other 24 hr after odor exposure. The paired group showed an odor aversion relative to both of the unpaired groups, which did not differ. The latter finding suggests that even if morphine metabolism is incomplete after 24 hr, behavior is unaffected. These results are discussed in reference to the functional development of the opioid system in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0044.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dose
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Carbary
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bardo
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001245:Association Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012903:Smell / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine