title: Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of adolescent self-esteem.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the self-esteem of adolescents over three years of high school. The study was designed to allow for cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of adolescent self-esteem, including the effects of gender and socioeconomic status. Two hundred seventy ninth graders completed the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory for each of three years. Grade level was found to be significantly related to self-esteem in the longitudinal but not the cross-sectional design. The mediational effects of gender and socioeconomic status were found to be minimal. Theoretical implications of these results are discussed, and implications for future research are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of 4-H and Other Youth Programs, University of Florida.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mullis
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Mullis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Normandin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010553:Personality Development; D010555:Personality Inventory; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology