title: Clinical evaluation of the effects of ketamine sedation on pediatric dental patients.
abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the dosages, treatment times and side effects of ketamine HCI with and without two benzodiazepines when used for sedation on a group of precooperative children at the UCLA Children's Dental Center. Ketamine was evaluated when used alone, and in conjunction with two benzodiazepines, diazepam or a new water-soluble midazolam. An anti-muscarinic, atropine or glycopyrrolate, and nitrous oxide-oxygen were included in all sedations. Mean treatment times were increased significantly when ketamine and a benzodiazepine were used in combination. Additionally, mean ketamine dosages were decreased significantly when ketamine was utilized in combination with a benzodiazepine. All children tolerated the sedation well and there were no severe adverse reactions. Side effects included nausea, vomiting, and a rise in post-operative temperatures.
authors.affiliation: U.C.L.A. School of Dentistry, Center for the Health Sciences.
authors.forename: G U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Duperon
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jedrychowski
mesh_terms: D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007649:Ketamine; D003975:Diazepam; D008874:Midazolam