title: Triadic instruction of chained food preparation responses: acquisition and observational learning.
abstract: This research examined whether constant time delay would be effective in teaching students with moderate mental retardation in triads to perform chained tasks and whether observational learning would occur. Three chained snack preparation tasks were identified, and each student was directly taught one task. The other 2 students observed the instruction. The instructed student told the observers to watch and to turn pages of a pictorial recipe book. The teacher provided frequent praise to the instructed student based on performance and to the observers for watching the instruction and turning pages. A multiple probe design across students and tasks was used to evaluate the instruction. The results indicated that each student learned the skill he or she was taught directly, and the observers learned nearly all of the steps of the chains they observed. The implications for classroom instruction and future research in observational learning are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Griffen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolery
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Schuster
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D003463:Cues; D003479:Curriculum; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004495:Education of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007100:Imitative Behavior; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule