title: Renal function and blood pressure in patients receiving long-term, low-dose cyclosporine therapy for idiopathic autoimmune uveitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the renal side effects of long-term, low-dose cyclosporine therapy (initial dose, 5 mg/kg body weight per day) in patients with autoimmune idiopathic uvetis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study with at least 2 years of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A teaching hospital in Paris, France (Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with idiopathic autoimmune uveitis who were normotensive and had normal renal function before treatment. Cyclosporine was administered orally for at least 2 years at an initial dosage of 5 mg/kg body weight per day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 2 years of treatment, the serum creatinine level increased by 35 +/- 5 mumol/L (0.40 +/- 0.06 mg/dL) (95% CI, 25 to 46 mumol/L, [73 +/- 4 to 108 +/- 4 mumol/L]). Creatinine clearance decreased significantly from 120 +/- 5 mL/min to 75 +/- 4 mL/min. Glomerular filtration rate decreased from 116 +/- 8 mL/min to 75 +/- 3 mL/min, and effective renal plasma flow decreased from 455 +/- 24 mL/min to 338 +/- 30 mL/min (P less than 0.05). Cyclosporine induced a significant increase in serum uric acid, total cholesterol, and serum potassium levels. Blood pressure was normal in all patients before treatment; 81% (95% CI, 64% to 98%) of these patients developed hypertension after 24 months of treatment. Blood pressure was controlled with a single drug in all but two patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with healthy native kidneys, long-term cyclosporine therapy, even at a low dose (5 mg/kg per day), is nephrotoxic and is associated with a high incidence of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deray
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benhmida
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Le Hoang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maksud
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aupetit
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baumelou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D014605:Uveitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D014527:Uric Acid; D016572:Cyclosporine; D002784:Cholesterol; D003404:Creatinine; D011188:Potassium