title: A review of 100 closed head injuries associated with facial fractures.
abstract: One hundred closed head injuries associated with facial fractures treated over a 78-month period at a level I trauma center in Northeast Ohio were reviewed. The incidence of closed head injury in patients with facial fractures was 17.5%. Males suffered closed head injuries four times more often than females, and sustained severe intracranial injuries eight times as often. The 16- to 30-year age group predominated (59%). Although motor vehicle accidents were the most frequent cause of injury (61%), motorcycle accidents were associated with the most severe head injury. The mandible/midface fracture ratio (1.3:1) was almost half that of the non-head-injured population (2.1:1). Facial fracture complications were found to have a similar incidence (14%) as in the non-head-injured population, but were associated with more severe intracranial injuries.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Likavec
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Conforti
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008440:Maxillary Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009049:Motorcycles; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology