title: Hydralazine does not restore uterine blood flow during cocaine-induced hypertension in the pregnant ewe.
abstract: Cocaine abuse is widespread, and its use by the parturient has potential significant adverse effects in both the mother and the newborn. This study was undertaken in gravid ewes to determine the effects of treatment of cocaine-induced hypertension with hydralazine (Apresoline) on the maternal and fetal cardiovascular systems, catecholamine response, blood gas and acid-base status, and uterine blood flow (UBF). Twenty-one experiments were performed in 15 chronically instrumented ewes near term gestation. After a 30-min control period, cocaine was given intravenously to all ewes for 55 min to induce and maintain increased maternal mean arterial pressure (MMAP) and reduced UBF. The sheep were randomly assigned to receive either cocaine alone (n = 11, control group) or hydralazine (n = 10, treatment group), starting 15 min after the cocaine administration. Both drugs were discontinued 55 min after the start of the cocaine administration, followed by a 35-min recovery period. In the control group, cocaine administration resulted in a 31 +/- 13% (SD) increase in MMAP (P less than 0.05) and a 26 +/- 21% reduction in UBF (P less than 0.05). In the treatment group, the initial cocaine administration resulted in a similar increase in MMAP and decrease in UBF. Hydralazine therapy restored MMAP toward baseline after 20 min of administration, but UBF remained reduced (37 +/- 17%) throughout therapy (P less than 0.05) and recovery (18 +/- 13%) (P less than 0.05). The maternal heart rate increased maximally by 121 +/- 33% (P less than 0.05) after the administration of hydralazine, compared with a 14 +/- 21% increase (P less than 0.05) in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Vertommen
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shnider
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Messer
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Parer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism; D003042:Cocaine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006830:Hydralazine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D012756:Sheep; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D006830:Hydralazine; D003042:Cocaine; D010100:Oxygen