title: p21ras contributes to HIV-1 activation in T-cells.
abstract: Activation of T-cells infected by HIV-1 results in activation of long terminal repeat (LTR)-dependent viral transcription and ultimately the production of infectious virus. Although full T-cell activation requires a complex series of intracellular signals, including protein kinase C activation, calcium mobilisation, and less-well defined lymphokine-induced signals, the HIV-1 LTR can be activated by subsets of these signals. We have studied the interaction of these signals in the human lymphoma line, Jurkat, in activation of the HIV-1 LTR. The HIV promoter was induced by IL-1 and phorbol ester activation of PKC but not by a calcium ionophore. The constitutively active form of Ha-ras could replace phorbol ester stimulation of the HIV promoter and of a synthetic promoter containing NF kappa B binding sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Baldari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macchia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Massone
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Telford
mesh_terms: D004789:Enzyme Activation; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000187:drug effects; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras) / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000382:microbiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras)