title: Panic attacks. A neurochemical overview of models and mechanisms.
abstract: The delineation of panic disorder as a distinct diagnostic entity has provided renewed impetus for research into panic. This review describes and examines the range of neurobiological theories of panic attacks. It illustrates the diversity of mechanisms that have been invoked to explain the production of panic attacks, and which have influenced much of the current thinking about the neurochemistry of anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Colman Psychopharmacology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nutt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lawson
mesh_terms: D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000150:complications; D006985:Hyperventilation / Q000150:complications; D007773:Lactates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D007773:Lactates; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D012701:Serotonin; D019344:Lactic Acid; D002110:Caffeine