title: Efficacy of rectal ibuprofen in controlling postoperative pain in children.
abstract: The efficacy of ibuprofen with scheduled administration, starting preoperatively, for postoperative pain was studied in 128 boys and girls, 4 to 12 yr old, having elective surgery. In a double blind placebo-controlled study, rectal ibuprofen (40 mg.kg-1.day-1 in divided doses) or placebo was given for up to three days. For two hours after surgery heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate were recorded every 15 min together with sedation scores and pain scores, as assessed by an observer and the patient. Morphine was given to all children, 0.1 mg.kg-1 iv or 0.15 mg.kg-1 im according to clinical needs. Every morning on the ward the patients were interviewed about the efficacy of the analgesic treatment. All unwanted effects were registered. In the recovery room the heart rate was lower (P less than 0.05) and the patient's pain scores were less (P less than 0.05) in the ibuprofen group. After orthopaedic operations children needed more opioid than after ophthalmic or general surgical procedures (P less than 0.001). However, after all operations the need for additional morphine was less in the recovery room (P less than 0.05), during the day of operation (P less than 0.01) and during the three-day study period (P less than 0.01) in children receiving ibuprofen. On the day of operation the analgesic therapy was considered to be good or very good by 44/53 and 32/49 of the children in ibuprofen and placebo groups, respectively (P less than 0.05). Later, their assessments did not differ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Maunuksela
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ryhänen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janhunen
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010919:Placebos; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011292:Premedication
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D010098:Oxycodone; D007052:Ibuprofen