title: The DSM-III-R impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified: clinical characteristics and relationship to other psychiatric disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors reviewed available studies of DSM-III-R impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified in order to determine the relationship of these disorders to one another and to other psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The review focused on the demographic and clinical characteristics, phenomenology, family history, biology, and response to treatment of individuals with intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, pathological gambling, pyromania, and trichotillomania. Analysis was restricted to reports which either indicated use of operational diagnostic criteria or provided descriptions of the impulsive behavior detailed enough that patients could be judged as probably meeting the DSM-III-R criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although different impulse control disorders have different sex ratios, all have similar ages at onset and courses. Studies on phenomenology, family history, and response to treatment suggest that intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, pathological gambling, pyromania, and trichotillomania may be related to mood disorders, alcohol and psychoactive substance abuse, and anxiety disorders (especially obsessive-compulsive disorder). Biological studies indicate that intermittent explosive disorder and pyromania may share serotonergic abnormalities similar to those reported in mood disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified appear to be related to one another and to mood, anxiety, and psychoactive substance use disorders. Thus, like major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, bulimia nervosa, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, they may represent forms of "affective spectrum disorder."
authors.affiliation: Biological Psychiatry Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45267-0559.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McElroy
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: H g
authors.initials: Hg
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Aizley
mesh_terms: D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D009626:Terminology as Topic