title: Clinical characteristics associated with orbital invasion of cutaneous basal cell and squamous cell tumors of the eyelid.
abstract: Over a six-year period, between 1984 and 1990, 622 patients with basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelids were examined at our institution. Thirteen patients had orbital invasion at initial examination. The average age of patients at orbital invasion was 75.8 years. Ten patients were men, eight of whom had basal cell carcinoma and two of whom had squamous cell carcinoma. Most patients had an orbital mass and incomitant strabismus at initial examination. Invasive basal cell carcinoma developed in 11 patients, and squamous cell carcinoma developed in two patients. Ten patients were treated for cutaneous carcinoma at the site of invasion before examination at our institution. The average duration between onset of a cutaneous lesion and our examination for orbital invasion was 9.8 years for basal cell carcinoma and one year for squamous cell carcinoma. Radiologic and histopathologic features were reviewed. The clinical characteristics of these patients were reviewed and orbital exenteration was recommended to all 13 patients. Nine patients underwent exenteration and four refused the operation.
authors.affiliation: Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery Service, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nerad
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Whitaker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005142:Eyelid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed