title: The prognostic significance of immune changes in patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with interferon alfa-2b.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the response rate and the immunorestorative properties of subcutaneously administered interferon alfa-2b (IFN-A2b) in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to correlate the immune status with the clinical responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients with advanced RCC were treated with recombinant IFN-A2b. The dose was increased progressively from 5 x 10(6) IU the first week to 10 x 10(6) IU the second week, and thereafter to 15 x 10(6) IU subcutaneously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients (15%) achieved partial responses (PRs), and five patients (19%) had stable disease (S), whereas 17 patients (65%) progressed. In all patients, blood was withdrawn before IFN treatment and monthly thereafter. T lymphocytes after isolation from peripheral blood were tested for proliferation in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (autoMLR) and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (alloMLR), interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, expression of IL-2 receptors during the alloMLR, and the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by peripheral-blood monocytes. Twelve patients were assessable, four patients had a PR, one patient had S, and seven patients had progressive disease. Striking increases were demonstrated in all parameters 1 month after treatment with IFN-A2b in the four patients who responded and the patient with S. Namely, the autoMLR responses showed a mean increase of 250%, the IL-2 production 247%, the expression of IL-2-specific receptors 446%, the alloMLR responses 160%, and the production of IL-1 262%. On the contrary, the nonresponders did not show any change in their overall immune status, and in some, deterioration of the already depressed immunologic functions was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of IFN-A2b results in a marked potentiation of deficient cellular immune response in vitro in those patients with RCC who respond to the treatment. This may have prognostic significance, and certainly more patients are required to be studied for definite conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kosmidis
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Baxevanis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsavaris
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papanastasiou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anastasopoulos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bacoyiannis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mylonakis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karvounis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bafaloukos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karabelis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins