Cellular interactions in effector cell generation and tumor regression mediated by anti-CD3/interleukin 2-activated tumor-draining lymph node cells.
Previous studies have demonstrated that progressive growth of the weakly immunogenic MCA 106 murine sarcoma stimulated, in the draining lymph nodes, the production of tumor-sensitized but not fully functional preeffector lymphocytes. These lymphocytes could develop into specific immune effector cells after sequential in vitro activation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and interleukin 2 (IL-2). In this study, we analyzed cellular requirements for in vivo sensitization of preeffector cells, for generation of immune effector cells by the method of anti-CD3/IL-2 activation, and for adoptive immunotherapy mediated by activated cells. By selective depletion of T-cell subsets in vivo, we found that tumor regression after systemic adoptive immunotherapy required the collaboration of activated CD4+ and CD8+ cells. It was further demonstrated that CD8+ immune cells alone could mediate antitumor effects if exogenous IL-2 was provided in vivo. These results suggest that CD8+ cells served as immediate effector cells, whereas CD4+ immune cells provided a helper function via the secretion of IL-2. During in vitro anti-CD3/IL-2 activation, generation of effector cells depended on the collaborative interaction between previously sensitized CD4+ and CD8+ preeffector cells. At the stage of in vitro activation, the addition of IL-2 could not substitute the function of CD4+ cells. We next examined whether the sensitization of preeffector cells in the draining lymph nodes required cellular interactions between CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. By in vivo depletion of T-cell subsets during tumor growth, we found that CD4+ cells were sensitized independently of CD8+ cells. More interestingly, in vivo sensitization of CD8+ preeffector cells also occurred independently in the absence of a CD4+ helper cell response. The lack of T-cell-T-cell interactions in vivo may explain the failure of effector cell generation during progressive tumor growth. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the anti-CD3/IL-2 activation defines an immune response distinct from many previously described mechanisms of antitumor immune responses.
Yoshizawa
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Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.
Chang
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AE
Shu
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SY
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D017252:CD3 Complex; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008748:Methylcholanthrene; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology*; D012513:Sarcoma, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D017252:CD3 Complex; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D008748:Methylcholanthrene