title: Selective induction of Th2 cells in murine Peyer's patches by oral immunization.
abstract: We have used three different methods to determine the T helper (Th) cell response, including Th1 and Th2 types, in murine Peyer's patches (PP) following oral immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). These include: (i) use of cytokine-specific (IFN-gamma and IL-5), single cell assays to estimate the frequencies of Th1 and Th2 cells respectively, (ii) cytokine-specific mRNA--cDNA dot blot and Northern gel hybridizations to detect levels of specific mRNA, and (iii) T cell cloning techniques to determine the frequency of Th1 and Th2 clones. Mice were immunized with SRBC by either the oral or i.p. route. The PP and splenic (SP) CD3+ and CD3+ CD4+ T cell subsets were isolated and cultured with antigen, feeder cells, and IL-2, and were assessed at various intervals (days 0, 1, 3, and 6) for numbers of T cells producing either IFN-gamma or IL-5 by use of an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) procedure. Cultures of T cells from PP or SP of mice given SRBC by the oral route had a high frequency of IL-5 spot forming cells (SFC), with lower numbers of IFN-gamma SFC. However, cultures of CD3+ T cells and CD3+ CD4+ Th cells from spleens of i.p. immunized mice exhibited predominantly IFN-gamma SFC, with smaller but significant numbers of IL-5 SFC. This distinct pattern of cytokine production was supported by mRNA analysis where high IL-5 specific mRNA levels were noted in PP T cell cultures of orally primed mice, while IFN-gamma mRNA was predominant in the SP CD3+ T cell and CD3+ CD4+ Th cell cultures from i.p. immunized mice. When the frequencies of IFN-gamma or IL-5 SFC were assessed among cloned Th cells from orally- or systemically-immunized mice, 74% of Th cell clones from PP of mice orally immunized with SRBC were IL-5 producers (Th2 type), while 67% of Th cell clones from SP of mice immunized by the i.p. route were IFN-gamma producers (Th1 type). Our studies show that higher frequencies of IFN-gamma producing Th1-type cells occur in SP of mice given antigen by the systemic route, while oral immunization results in predominantly IL-5 producing, Th2-type cells in PP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu-Amano
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Aicher
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyono
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McGhee
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D017252:CD3 Complex; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D012756:Sheep; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000941:Antigens; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D017252:CD3 Complex; D015848:Interleukin-5; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D007371:Interferon-gamma