title: Retention of the transforming growth factor-beta 1 precursor in the Golgi complex in a latent endoglycosidase H-sensitive form.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is synthesized as a latent high molecular weight complex in a human erythroleukemia cell line, HEL, treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The complex is comprised of three components: mature TGF-beta 1, the TGF-beta 1 latency-associated peptide (beta 1-LAP), and the latent TGF-beta 1-binding protein (LTBP). LTBP plays an important role in the assembly and secretion of the latent TGF-beta 1 complex; if the TGF-beta 1 precursor fails to bind to LTBP, much of it remains inside the cells and may contain anomalous disulfide bond(s) between beta 1-LAP and the mature TGF-beta 1 molecule (Miyazono, K., Olofsson, A., Colosetti, P., and Heldin, C.-H. (1991) EMBO J. 10, 1091-1101). In the present work, we have investigated the subcellular localization and properties of the TGF-beta 1 precursor retained intracellularly. When the HEL cells were metabolically labeled and chased for up to 72 h, a considerable part of the TGF-beta 1 precursor was still observed intracellularly in an unprocessed form. The secreted form of the TGF-beta 1 precursor was resistant to endoglycosidase H, whereas the intracellular form of the TGF-beta 1 precursor was sensitive to endoglycosidase H, regardless of the presence or absence of swainsonine, an inhibitor of mannosidase II. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the TGF-beta 1 precursor co-localized with mannosidase II, a marker for the Golgi complex, but not with protein disulfide isomerase, a marker for the endoplasmic reticulum. The intracellular TGF-beta 1 precursor was prepared from phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated HEL cells and tested for TGF-beta 1 bioactivity. Half-maximal inhibition of the DNA synthesis in mink lung epithelial cells, Mv1Lu, was observed at 80 pM of the acid-treated TGF-beta 1 precursor, whereas nontreated material showed minimal growth inhibitory activity. Taken together, these results indicate that the TGF-beta 1 precursor is retained inside the cells in the Golgi complex, mainly in a latent, immature form.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazono
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thyberg
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Heldin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D004915:Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; D017038:Mannosyl-Glycoprotein Endo-beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011498:Protein Precursors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D017038:Mannosyl-Glycoprotein Endo-beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate