Hypnosis, reporting bias, and suggested negative hallucinations.
We examined the role of reporting bias in hypnotic negative hallucinations by using a paradigm in which reporting bias was assessed independently of perceptual change. In Experiment 1, highly hypnotizable subjects reported significant loudness reductions when tested for hypnotic deafness. Later, however, these subjects biased their reported loudness reductions in the absence of perceptual change, and their reporting bias scores were almost as large as their hypnotic deafness reports. Subjects also biased their ratings of strategy use. In Experiment 2, ratings of blindness given in response to a hypnotic negative visual hallucination suggestion were significantly correlated with reporting bias scores obtained in this paradigm. Although hypnotic blindness and hypnotic deafness correlated significantly, the partial correlation between these variables was nonsignificant when reporting bias scores were statistically controlled. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Spanos
N P
NP
Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Burgess
C A
CA
Cross
P A
PA
MacLeod
G
G
D000328:Adult; D003638:Deafness / Q000523:psychology*; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D008144:Loudness Perception; D011939:Mental Recall; D013404:Suggestion