title: Functional reach: a marker of physical frailty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the concurrent validity of our new balance instrument, functional reach (FR = maximal safe standing forward reach), as a marker of physical frailty compared with other clinical measures of physical performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  45 community-dwelling persons age 66-104 were evaluated at one point in time using (1) FR (yardstick method), (2) Physical and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (PADL, IADL), (3) Life Space, a 3-point measure of social mobility, (4) 10-item hierarchical mobility skills protocol, (5) 10-foot walking speed, (6) one-footed standing, and (7) tandem walking. Data analysis employed Spearman correlations. Partial r's were also calculated after controlling for age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FR performance range was broad (4.3-16.5 inches, mean 10.9, SD 3.1). Except for PADL, the association of FR with the other physical performance measures was strong, with r's ranging from 0.64-0.71; the association of FR with PADL was 0.48. After controlling for age in the regression analysis, partial r's ranged from 0.52-0.63. The association of FR with age was -0.50.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on cross-sectional data, FR is a practical instrument that correlates with physical frailty even more than with age.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Studenski
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D011434:Proprioception; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016138:Walking