title: A flow cytometric DNA analysis of giant cell tumors of bone including two cases with malignant transformation.
abstract: METHODS
  Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on 30 cases of giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone with the use of paraffin-embedded sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the criteria of Huvos, they were classified histologically into three groups: Grade 1, 26 cases; Grade 2, 4 cases; and Grade 3, no cases. Among the Grade 1 cases, 21 were diploid and 5 were aneuploid. Of the four Grade 2 cases, three were diploid and one was aneuploid. Nine patients had local relapses. Among four patients with complications by lung metastases, two have remained well at 18 and 157 months with the metastases. The other two patients, who had Grade 1 DNA diploid GCT of the 11th thoracic spine, had malignant transformation (osteosarcoma) resulting from radiation therapy. In one patient, the primary lesion exposed to radiation and the lung lesions were diploid, but in the other patient both were found to be aneuploid at autopsy. No significant differences of S-phase fraction were observed between two different grade groups. There was no significant correlation among DNA ploidy, histologic grade, and the presence or absence of lung metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on this study, the DNA analysis has a limitation in predicting the biologic behavior of GCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikaido
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ushigome
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005870:Giant Cell Tumors / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011003:Ploidies
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm