title: The 'whoosh' test. A clinical test to confirm correct needle placement in caudal epidural injections.
abstract: We describe a previously unreported test to confirm accurate needle placement in caudal epidurals. Of 26 patients undergoing caudal epidural, 19 (73%) had correct needle placement as determined by epidurography. All of these had a positive 'whoosh' test. There were no false positives.
authors.affiliation: Harlow Wood Orthopaedic Hospital, Near Mansfield, Notts.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mulholland
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009339:Needles; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media