title: Plasma endothelin concentrations in humans with end-stage heart failure and after heart transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelin is an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide that increases systemic and renal vascular resistance at pathophysiologic concentrations. Recent studies have demonstrated its presence in the circulation and its elevation in animals with congestive heart failure, suggesting that endothelin may contribute to the vasoconstrictive state of heart failure. The current study was designed with two objectives: 1) to demonstrate the elevation of circulating endothelin in patients with heart failure, and 2) to determine the short- and long-term response of endothelin levels after heart transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma endothelin concentrations were measured in two patient groups. Group 1 included 24 patients with end-stage heart failure who were studied during evaluation for potential heart transplantation. Group 2 included 12 patients from Group 1 who had had heart transplantation. Plasma endothelin concentrations were measured before and on days 1, 3 and 7 after heart transplantation. Eight of these patients also had levels measured 3 to 12 months later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma endothelin concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with heart failure compared with those in an age-matched control group (11.7 +/- 1.1 vs. 6.8 +/- 0.3 pg/ml). In response to heart transplantation, plasma endothelin concentrations increased further and were sustained during a long-term follow-up. These later changes were associated with a significant increase in arterial pressure and serum creatinine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that endothelin concentrations are increased in patients with heart failure and increase further after heart transplantation. It suggests a possible role for endothelin in the cardiovascular and renal adaptive responses to human heart transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerman
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Tschumperlin
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Burnett
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016232:Endothelins / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins; D003404:Creatinine