title: ATP and light regulate D1 protein modification and degradation. Role of D1* in photoinhibition.
abstract: We have recently shown that during in vivo photoinhibition the D1 protein is degraded via a modified form, designated D1*. Depending on light conditions, the amount of D1* varies in leaves between 0 and 50% of total D1 content. By isolating thylakoids from leaves acclimated to different light levels, and performing photoinhibition experiments on these thylakoids, the following results on D1 protein degradation were obtained: (i) the protease involved in D1 degradation requires activation by light; (ii) neither acceptor nor donor side photoinhibition of PSII induces formation of D1* in vitro; (iii) in isolated thylakoids, the transformation of D1 to D1* can be induced in low light in the presence of ATP, which suggests that D1* is a phosphorylated form of the D1 protein; (iv) D1*, induced either in vivo or in vitro, is much less susceptible to degradation during illumination of isolated thylakoids than the original D1 protein. We suggest that the modification to D1* is a means to prevent disassembly of photodamaged photosystem II complex in appressed membranes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Aro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kettunen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tyystjärvi
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004583:Electrons; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate