title: The in-vitro mucosal conjugation of ethinyloestradiol and the bioavailability of oral contraceptive steroids in patients with treated and untreated coeliac disease.
abstract: The ethinyloestradiol (EO2) component of oral contraceptive steroids is extensively conjugated with sulphate by the gut wall. The ability of gastrointestinal mucosa to conjugate EO2 has been examined in vitro in samples of mucosa taken from normal women as well as from women with coeliac disease. The percentage conjugation per mg dry weight for normal tissue (n = 11) was 17.1 +/- 6.4 (mean +/- s.d.) while in untreated coeliac tissue (n = 6) the figure was 6.3 +/- 3.6% (P less than 0.01). In tissue from patients with treated coeliac disease (n = 5) the figure was 12.1 +/- 3.2%. Thus the ability of intestinal mucosa to conjugate ethinyloestradiol was significantly reduced in patients with coeliac disease, and restored towards normal following treatment. However, in patients with coeliac disease the pharmacokinetics of ethinyloestradiol were not significantly different from normal controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Grimmer
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Orme
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tjia
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel