title: Comment: universality of formal operational thought.
abstract: Piaget suggested four stages of development (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete and formal operations) may be universally observed, but only the first three have been confirmed because few people attain formal operations. Both Westerners and Africans may attain formal operations, however, given the way they reason and interact in their milieu.
authors.affiliation: University of Transkei, Unitra, Southern Africa.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mwamwenda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa; D003210:Concept Formation; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006801:Humans; D011340:Problem Solving; D014796:Visual Perception