title: Fresh gas flows with the circle system.
abstract: If, when using a circle system, the flow of all inhaled gases exactly equals the uptake of all these gases by the patient, the circle system is called a closed circle system. If the fresh gas flows are higher than the uptake of the gases by the body, the circle system is a semiclosed circle system. The mechanical status of the pop-off valve; i.e., open or closed, has nothing to do with the definition of whether the circle is closed or semiclosed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Klide
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000662:veterinary*; D012212:Rheology / Q000662:veterinary