title: Interaction of D,L- and D-tetraplatin with hyperthermia in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: The cytotoxicities of D,L-tetraplatin and D-tetraplatin were evaluated at 37 degrees C, 42 degrees C and 43 degrees C at normal pH, at pH 6.45 and under normally oxygenated and hypoxic conditions in EMT-6 cells in vitro. The D-isomer was also tested in FSaIIC cells in vitro. Under these various conditions the pure D-isomer was very similar in cytotoxicity with the racemic mixture. Like cisplatin, both D,L- and D-tetraplatin were selectively cytotoxic toward normally oxygenated cells under acidic pH (6.45) conditions at 37 degrees C. In both cell lines the cytotoxicity of D,L- and D-tetraplatin was markedly increased at hyperthermic temperatures. Under the same conditions platinum levels in EMT-6 cells exposed to D,L- or D-tetraplatin were higher than in cells exposed to cisplatin, and unlike cisplatin there was an increase in intracellular platinum levels when the cells were exposed to D,L- or D-tetraplatin at 42 degrees C compared with 37 degrees C. The tumour growth delay of the FSaIIC fibrosarcoma was the same for D,L- and D-tetraplatin. A dose of 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally of tetraplatin produced a tumour growth delay of about 4.3 days which was increased to about 6 days with the addition of local hyperthermia (43 degrees C, 30 min) to the drug treatment. The tumour cell survival assay also showed no difference between D,L- and D-tetraplatin and a log-linear increase in tumour cell killing with increasing drug dose which was increased 1.5-3-fold with local hyperthermia. D,L- and D-tetraplatin were relatively much more cytotoxic toward bone marrow colony forming units of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) than was cisplatin and this cytotoxicity was increased about 5-10-fold under hyperthermic conditions. There was an increase in DNA crosslink formation in tumours when hyperthermia accompanied tetraplatin treatment. Overall, D,L- and D-tetraplatin produced very similar responses under hyperthermic conditions in both tumour and normal tissues, and may be a useful agent in combination with local hyperthermia.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Epelbaum
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Teicher
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varshney
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Herman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004249:DNA Damage; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D002945:Cisplatin; D010100:Oxygen; C049777:ormaplatin