title: Genetic linkage analysis of bipolar affective disorder in an Old Order Amish pedigree.
abstract: We have used genetic linkage analysis in an effort to identify a gene responsible for bipolar affective disorder (BAD) in an Old Order Amish pedigree. The initial study of this pedigree showed strong evidence for linkage of the chromosome 11p15 markers HRAS1 and the insulin gene (INS) to BAD, whereas a second report found no evidence for linkage. We have independently determined the INS and HRAS1 genotypes from 81 individuals in this pedigree. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to score INS alleles that are difficult to distinguish from one another by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis. In addition, we used four separate diagnostic models to score individuals with psychiatric illness as either affected or unaffected. No evidence of significant linkage between BAD and the markers was found with either two-point or multipoint analysis regardless of which diagnostic model was used. However, exclusion of the region of chromosome 11 between INS and RAS1 as a possible location for the BAD gene in this family depended on the diagnostic model. Further genetic linkage studies with additional DNA markers that span the genome are necessary to determine the chromosomal location of the BAD gene in this family.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco 94143.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Cottingham
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lathrop
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010375:Pedigree; D011336:Probability; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D004247:DNA