Membrane-bound aminopeptidase P from bovine lung. Its purification, properties, and degradation of bradykinin.
The membrane-bound form of aminopeptidase P (aminoacylprolyl-peptide hydrolase) (EC 3.4.11.9) was purified to apparent homogeneity from bovine lung microsomes. The enzyme was solubilized using phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (Bacillus thuringiensis), indicating that bovine lung amino-peptidase P is attached to membranes via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The enzyme was purified 1900-fold with a yield of 25% by chromatography on decyl-agarose, omega-aminodecyl-agarose, a second decylagarose column, DEAE-Sephacel, and an ultrafiltration step. Native gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a single stained protein band whose position in the gel corresponded to cleavage of the Arg1-Pro2 bond of bradykinin. The Mr was 360,000 by gel permeation chromatography and 95,000 by reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The substrate specificity of aminopeptidase P was determined using approximately 50 peptides with proline in the second position. The enzyme could hydrolyze lower NH2-terminal homologs of bradykinin, including Arg-Pro-Pro, which was used as the routine substrate in a rapid fluorescence assay performed in the absence of added Mn2+. Some peptides having NH2-terminal amino acids other than arginine were also cleaved. Aminopeptidase P appeared to favor peptides that had 2 proline residues or proline analogs in positions 2 and 3 of the substrate. In general, tripeptides having a single proline residue in position 2 were poor substrates. Aminopeptidase P was inhibited by a series of peptides, 3-8 residues long, having an NH2-terminal Pro-Pro sequence. The enzyme was also inhibited by metal-chelating agents, 2-mercaptoethanol (4 mM), p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid, and NaCl at concentrations greater than or equal to 0.25 M. The purified enzyme had a pH optimum of 6.5-7.0 and was most stable in the basic pH range. A role for membrane-bound aminopeptidase P in the pulmonary inactivation of circulating bradykinin is proposed.
Simmons
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WH
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Loyola University of Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153.
Orawski
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AT
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000626:Aminopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D013379:Substrate Specificity
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D000626:Aminopeptidases; C022750:X-Pro aminopeptidase; D001920:Bradykinin