title: A single transcription factor binds to two divergent sequence elements with a common function in cardiac myosin light chain-2 promoter.
abstract: The cardiac myosin light chain-2 (MLC-2) gene promoter contains several positive and negative cis-acting sequences that are involved in the regulation of its expression. We describe here the properties of two activator sequences, elements A and P, and their DNA-binding factors (ABFs). Element A (CCAAAAGTGG), located at -61, has homology with the evolutionarily conserved sequence CC(A/T)6GG, present in the genes of many contractile proteins. Element P (TAACCTTGAAAGC), located 114 bp upstream of element A, is conserved in both chicken and rat cardiac MLC-2 gene promoters. Deletion mutagenesis demonstrated that these two elements are involved in the positive regulation of MLC-2 gene transcription. At least two sequence-specific element A-binding proteins, ABF-1 and ABF-2, were identified by gel shift analysis of the fractionated cardiac nuclear proteins. ABF-1 binds to element A with strict dependence on the internal element A sequence AAAAGT. In contrast, ABF-2 exhibits a relaxed sequence requirement, as it recognizes the consensus CArG and CCAAT box sequences as well. ABF-2 also recognizes the distal element P despite the fact that the sequences of elements A and P are divergent. DNase I footprinting, methylation interference, and gel shift analyses demonstrated unequivocally that the element A-DNA affinity-purified protein ABF-2 binds to element P with sequence specificity. Since both elements A and P play a positive regulatory role in MLC-2 gene transcription and bind to a single protein (ABF-2), it would appear that ABF-2 is a key transcription factor with the ability to recognize divergent sequence elements involved in a common regulatory pathway during myogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn 11203.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qasba
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009218:Myosins / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D009218:Myosins