title: Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in parturients at Boston City Hospital: implications for public health and obstetric practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We measured the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in women seeking reproductive services.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic and risk behavior data from women were linked anonymously to human immunodeficiency virus antibody results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity rate of cord blood was 22 per 1000. Crude seroprevalence rates were higher for black women versus white women (25/1000 vs 22/1000) but lower for black Americans versus white Americans (21/1000 vs 29/1000). Human immunodeficiency virus infection was significantly higher for those women who acknowledge intravenous drug use (odds ratio 12.9, 95% confidence interval 7.3 to 22.7), were born in Haiti (odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 4.1), lacked prenatal care (odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 4.2), or received prenatal care at the hospital clinic versus a neighborhood health center (odds ratio 3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.7 to 5.3). The seroprevalence rates were 18/1000 for women seeking abortion and 16/1000 for women seeking family-planning services.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous drug use and country of origin are major risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection in women, which may explain differences in seroprevalence rates in various racial or ethnic groups. Hospital-specific data on human immunodeficiency virus infection may be useful for monitoring the epidemic and allocating resources for education, counseling, testing, and prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston City Hospital.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Donegan
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Steger
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Recla
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Craven
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced; D000328:Adult; D001900:Boston; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000382:microbiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000209:etiology; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D044469:Racial Groups; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications