title: Differentiation factors, including nerve growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and interleukin-6, induce an accumulation of an active Ras.GTP complex in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells.
abstract: Ras has been thought to be involved in neuronal differentiation of rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. PC12 cells are immature adrenal chromaffin-like cells which undergo differentiation to sympathetic neuron-like cells in response to nerve growth factor (NGF). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and interleukin (IL)-6 can also induce differentiation of PC12 cells. In this paper, we report that NGF, FGF, and IL-6 induce an accumulation of an active Ras.GTP complex. In the serum-starved culture of PC12 cells, 6% of the Ras protein was complexed with GTP. Upon stimulation with NGF, the percentage of Ras.GTP increased to 24% after 2 min, and the high level of Ras.GTP was maintained for at least 16 h. On the other hand, the activation of Ras by FGF and IL-6 showed distinct kinetics; about 3-fold increase of Ras.GTP was detected at 10 min, and afterward, the level returned to the basal level within 60 min. These observations provide direct evidence that activation of Ras is involved in signal transduction from these differentiation factors. In addition, it was found that growth factors, including epidermal growth factor, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I, and a tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), can also activate Ras under the same conditions. A tyrosine kinase-specific inhibitor, genistein, inhibited the increase of Ras.GTP induced by NGF and other factors. On the other hand, down-regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) by prolonged treatment with TPA, which sufficiently blocked TPA-induced Ras activation, did not abolish the formation of Ras.GTP by NGF. These results suggest that tyrosine kinases rather than PKC play a major role in the NGF-induced activation of Ras in PC12 cells.
authors.affiliation: DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, California 94304-1104.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakafuku
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaziro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019833:Genistein; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016716:PC12 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D007529:Isoflavones; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D014638:Vanadates; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D019833:Genistein; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate