title: Influence of non-carbohydrate foods on glucose and insulin responses to carbohydrates of different glycaemic index in type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: In order to study the influence of non-carbohydrate foods on responses to carbohydrates during mixed meals, 30 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients followed a standardized diet for 5 consecutive days. On days 2, 3, 4, and 5, four different lunches were eaten in a randomized order. Lunches consisted of rice or glucose (50 g carbohydrate) eaten either alone, or as part of a mixed meal (32 g protein, 20 g fat). Glucose and insulin levels prior to the lunches did not differ significantly. Glucose and insulin responses differed (p less than 0.001), responses to rice being lower than responses to glucose, and responses to the meal plus rice lower than responses to the meal plus glucose. The ratios of glucose responses to rice and glucose (glycaemic index) were similar (alone, 47 +/- 4%; meal, 47 +/- 4%; NS). The ratios of the insulin responses did not differ (78 +/- 8 vs 96 +/- 7%; NS). The blood glucose responses to mixed meals were lower than responses to the carbohydrates eaten alone, the ratios being similar (rice, 52 +/- 3%; glucose, 58 +/- 5%; NS). Serum insulin responses were however higher, and the ratios differed (172 +/- 13 vs 138 +/- 14%; p = 0.05). These results suggest that the glycaemic index of isolated carbohydrate foods can predict the relative response to mixed meals in the same individuals with Type 2 diabetes. They also support the insulin secretagogue effect of non-carbohydrate foods, which may vary according to the source of carbohydrate in the meal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetology, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Le Floch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baudin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Escuyer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wirquin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nillus
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perlemuter
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin