title: Second-generation 1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxide bioreductive anti-tumor agents: pharmacology and activity in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: SR 4233 (1,2,4-benzotriazine-3-amine 1,4-dioxide) will soon be entering Phase I clinical trials as a new bioreductive cytotoxic agent for the treatment of solid tumors in combination with fractionated radiotherapy. We have selected 3 from over 50 analogues of SR 4233 which showed particular promise as second generation bioreductive antitumor agents. These compounds, when compared to SR 4233, have higher hypoxic toxicity and comparable or higher oxic to hypoxic cytotoxicity ratios in vitro and similar animal toxicity. We have compared the effectiveness of these three compounds with SR 4233 in two tumor systems and have examined some pharmacokinetic properties. The results show that replacement of the amino group at the 3-position of SR 4233 with either a hydrogen or an N,N-dialkylaminoalkylamino group shortens the half-life of these compounds in the blood because of the combined effects of partition coefficients, basicity, and higher reactivity. SR 4754 and SR 4755, the N,N-dialkylaminoalkylamino derivatives, exhibited shorter plasma half-lives than SR 4233 but exhibited lower anti-tumor activity than SR 4233 based on equal mouse toxicity in a fractionated regimen. SR 4482, with the hydrogen substitution and very high electron affinity, possessed a very short blood half life yet retained similar anti-tumor activity as SR 4233.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical School, CA 94305.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Minchinton
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lemmon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pollart
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tosto
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077704:Tirapazamine; D014227:Triazines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011355:Prodrugs; D014227:Triazines; D000077704:Tirapazamine