title: Acetylcholine increases pulmonary blood flow in intact fetuses via endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
abstract: In vitro, acetylcholine causes vasodilation by releasing endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) from endothelial cells. EDRF may be nitric oxide, derived from the amino acid L-arginine (L-Arg), by a process that is inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and restored by L-Arg. We studied the effect of L-NMMA and L-Arg on the increase in pulmonary blood flow caused by acetylcholine in unanesthetized intrauterine near-term fetal lambs. Three protocols were employed. In each protocol, acetylcholine (0.48 +/- 0.15 micrograms/kg) was injected at 15-min intervals for 120 min. In the control protocol, nothing else was given. In the second protocol, L-NMMA (14 +/- 5 mg/kg) was given at 35 min. In the third protocol, L-NMMA was given at 35 min followed by L-Arg (138 +/- 73 mg/kg) at 80 min. In the control protocol, acetylcholine increased pulmonary blood flow 179 +/- 17% while it decreased pulmonary arterial pressure 15 +/- 1% and did not affect left atrial pressure. The response to each injection lasted less than 1 min and did not change throughout the experiment. L-NMMA completely blocked, whereas L-Arg completely restored, the effect of acetylcholine on pulmonary blood flow. We conclude that acetylcholine increases pulmonary blood flow in the fetal lamb via the release of EDRF derived from L-Arg. We speculate that endothelium-dependent vasodilation may play a role in the increase in pulmonary blood flow at birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo 14214.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tiktinsky
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Morin
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D012756:Sheep; D014664:Vasodilation; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D001120:Arginine; D000109:Acetylcholine