title: A vaccine carrier derived from Neisseria meningitidis with mitogenic activity for lymphocytes.
abstract: Protein carriers vary in their ability to increase the immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic or T-lymphocyte-independent antigens. We examined one such carrier, the outer membrane protein complex derived from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain B11, in an attempt to determine why this outer membrane protein complex was more immunogenic in young infants and in relevant animal models than two other carriers used in conjugates made with Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide, a T-cell-independent antigen. A single protein of the outer membrane protein complex, the class 2 porin protein, was purified and shown to function as a T-helper lymphocyte carrier protein. Unexpectedly, it was also found to have mitogenic activity for lymphocytes that was not due to lipopolysaccharide. This mitogenic activity appears to date to be unique to this carrier protein of the carrier proteins tested and may contribute to the ability of the H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccine made with the outer membrane protein complex to generate IgG anti-polysaccharide antibody responses in mice and infant monkeys and protective immune responses in infants less than 6 months of age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Oliff
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Deck
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Shieh
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hawe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007700:Kinetics; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008934:Mitogens / Q000276:immunology*; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis / Q000276:immunology*; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008934:Mitogens; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial