title: Family history of psychiatric disorder and low self-confidence: predictors of depressive symptoms at 12-month follow-up.
abstract: We examined effects of two risk factors for depression, family psychiatric history and Low Self-Confidence, on (1) baseline characteristics of major depression and (2) depressive symptoms one year later. Subjects (N = 104) in the midst of a depressive episode were assigned to one of three family history subtypes identified in earlier research: Pure Depressive Disease (PDD) Depressive Spectrum Disease (DSD), Sporadic Depressive Disease (SDD). Results indicate that effects of Self-Confidence on depressive symptoms at follow-up varied by family subtype. In multivariate analyses with controls for demographic and illness characteristics, the mean follow-up depressive score was below the depressive threshold for PDD subjects and above it for SDD subjects regardless of the level of Self-Confidence. In contrast, DSD subjects with High Self-Confidence reported significantly more symptoms than those with Low Self-Confidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Blazer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D003858:Dependency, Psychological; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010553:Personality Development; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept