title: Beneficial effects of a potassium- and magnesium-enriched salt alternative.
abstract: The effects on blood pressure and the development of cardiac hypertrophy of sodium chloride (regular salt) and a novel potassium-, magnesium-, and l-lysine-enriched salt alternative, which in a previous study prolonged the life span of hypertensive rats nearly threefold as compared with the animals receiving regular salt, were compared both in spontaneously hypertensive rats and their hypertension-resistant genetic controls. In particular, the possible protective effect of increased intakes of potassium, magnesium, and l-lysine during a high intake of sodium chloride was examined. Therefore, the salt alternative was added at 1.75 times higher levels to produce the same dietary levels of sodium chloride in the regular salt and the salt alternative groups. Regular salt produced a remarkable left ventricular hypertrophy in both rat strains, but as compared with the respective control groups, it induced an increase of blood pressure only in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. The salt alternative did not induce a rise in blood pressure in either of the rat strains, nor did it produce left ventricular hypertrophy in the hypertension-resistant rats and, in the spontaneously hypertensive animals, significantly less hypertrophy than regular salt. The salt alternative appeared to prevent the sodium chloride-induced volume load since plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide were increased in the regular salt groups but remained normal in the salt alternative groups. Therefore, potassium, magnesium, and/or l-lysine of the salt alternative produced a powerful protection against the harmful effects of sodium chloride.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mervaala
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Himberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laakso
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tuomainen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karppanen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY
chemical_list: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D009638:Norepinephrine