title: Lower extremity alignment in children with spina bifida.
abstract: Our purpose was to describe the natural history of lower extremity alignment in spina bifida patients. We prospectively evaluated all spina bifida patients seen at the Children's Hospital in Seattle since 1971 and at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne since 1979. Serial examinations were performed on 434 patients, ranging from birth to 23 years of age. The lower limbs of children with spina bifida had neutral alignment at birth that gradually increased to 6 degrees of valgus--a pattern different from normal children. Valgus greater than 10 degrees was observed in only 6% of patients, and the degree of angular deformity was not affected by walking, the use of an above-knee orthosis, or neurosegmental level. An above-knee orthosis to prevent malalignment does not appear to be warranted and continued ambulation does not significantly contribute to lower extremity deformity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Menelaus
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Broughton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shurtleff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013977:Tibia / Q000503:physiopathology*