title: Cigarette smoking and the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade III, and cancer of the cervix uteri.
abstract: The relation between cigarette smoking and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade III (CIN III), and cervical cancer was examined among a cohort of 6,812 women in Tromsö, Norway, between 1980 and 1989. During the 52,844 person-years of observation, 185 incident cases (177 women with CIN III and eight with cervical cancer) were recorded in the regional pathology registry. The age-adjusted incidence rates of CIN III and cervical cancer were 267/100,000 person-years among women who had never smoked, 183/100,000 person-years among exsmokers, and 476/100,000 person-years among current smokers. A multivariate model containing terms for age, marital status, and frequency of intoxication yielded a relative rate for current smokers compared with nonsmokers of 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.0-2.2). Statistical trend tests for the number of cigarettes smoked per day (never, 1-14, and greater than or equal to 15 cigarettes), years of smoking (never, 1-9, and greater than or equal to 10 years), and age started smoking (less than 16, 16-18, 19-21, and greater than or equal to 22 years) all yielded significant results. These findings support the opinion that CIN III and cervical cancer are a smoking-related disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsö, Norway.
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Gram
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stalsberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology