title: Human liver long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase is a multifunctional membrane-bound beta-oxidation enzyme of mitochondria.
abstract: We have purified to homogeneity the long-chain specific 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase from mitochondrial membranes of human infant liver. The enzyme is composed of non-identical subunits of 71 kDa and 47 kDa within a native structure of 230 kDa. The pure enzyme is active with 3-ketohexanoyl-CoA and gives maximum activity with 3-ketoacyl-CoA substrates of C10 to C16 acyl-chain length but is inactive with acetoacetyl-CoA. In addition to 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity, the enzyme possesses 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase activities which cannot be separated from the dehydrogenase. None of these enzymes show activity with C4 substrates but all are active with C6 and longer acyl-chain length substrates. They are thus distinct from any described previously. This human liver mitochondrial membrane-bound enzyme catalyses the conversion of medium- and long-chain 2-enoyl-CoA compounds to: 1) 3-ketoacyl-CoA in the presence of NAD alone and 2) to acetyl-CoA (plus the corresponding acyl-CoA derivatives) in the presence of NAD and CoASH. It is therefore a multifunctional enzyme, resembling the beta-oxidation enzyme of E. coli, but unique in its membrane location and substrate specificity. We propose that its existence explains the repeated failure to detect any intermediates of mitochondrial beta-oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, England, U.K.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pollitt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Middleton
mesh_terms: D044942:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000201:enzymology*; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D044942:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain