title: Gallbladder contraction after hormonal manipulations in normal subjects and patients under total parenteral nutrition.
abstract: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) induces biliary dilatation, sludge and formation of gallstones. Cholecystokinin (CCK) induces gallbladder (GB) contraction. During thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) testing for thyroid function, we observed that patients felt a strong micturition reflex attributable to smooth muscle contraction of the bladder. The possibility of GB contraction after TRH administration was studied compared to cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-OP) and/or fatty meal administration. The effect of intravenous (IV) CCK-OP, TRH and a combination of the two on GB volume was studied in normal volunteers without GB or liver disease and in patients receiving TPN for greater than 2 weeks. Subjects included six normal volunteers who received an oral fatty meal only, 18 other normal volunteers (Group A) and 18 TPN patients (Group B). Gallbladder contraction was estimated by ultrasound prior to and after administration of the fatty meal; in the other 36 subjects, GB contraction was calculated prior to and after administration of CCK-OP, TRH, or both. Results are expressed as a percentage of the GB basal volume using each subject as his or her own control. Group A and Group B were each divided into three equal subgroups receiving IV CCK-OP (A1, B1), TRH (A2, B2), or both (A3, B3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kalfarentzos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spiliotis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chalmoukis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vagenas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vagenakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003085:Colic / Q000139:chemically induced; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006356:Heartburn / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D012844:Sincalide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D012844:Sincalide