title: Primary malignant lymphoma of the female urethra: report of a case and review of the literature.
abstract: Primary extranodal lymphoma of the female urethra is rare. We present case 10 and review the literature. Management in the past has varied markedly. Strategies have included simple excision, external beam and intracavitary radiation therapy, and multiple agent chemotherapy. The majority of patients have done well: 7 of 10 are alive with no evidence of disease. Newly diagnosed patients should undergo complete staging with the Ann Arbor staging system and the tumors should be classified histologically according to the Working Formulation for Clinical Usage. Therapy must be individualized but in most cases we recommend that patients be treated as if they have systemic illness, with multimodality therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vapnek
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Turzan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000175:diagnosis; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis