title: Glove permeation by semiconductor processing mixtures containing glycol-ether derivatives.
abstract: Results of permeation tests of several glove materials challenged with semiconductor processing formulations containing glycolether derivatives are described. Commercial glove samples of nitrile rubber (Edmont), natural rubber (Edmont and Baxter), butyl rubber (North), PVC Baxter), a natural rubber/neoprene/nitrile blend (Pioneer), and a natural rubber/neoprene blend (Playtex) were tested according to the ASTM F739-85 permeation test method (open-loop configuration). The liquid formulations examined included a positive photoresist thinner containing 2-ethoxyethyl acetate (2-EEA), n-butyl acetate, and xylene; a positive photoresist containing 2-EEA, n-butyl acetate, xylene, polymer resins, and photoactive compounds; a negative photoresist containing 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME), xylene, and cyclized poly(isoprene); and pure 2-methoxyethyl acetate (2-MEA), which is the solvent used in a commercial electron-beam resist. With the exception of the negative photoresist, butyl rubber provided the highest level of protection against the solvent mixtures tested, with no breakthrough observed after 4 hr of continuous exposure at 25 degrees C. Nitrile rubber provided the highest level of protection against the negative photoresist and reasonably good protection against initial exposure to the other solvent mixtures. Gloves consisting of natural rubber or natural rubber blends provided less protection against the mixtures than either nitrile or butyl rubber. For most of the glove samples, permeation of the glycol-ether derivatives contained in the mixtures was faster than that predicted from the permeation of the pure solvents. Increasing the exposure temperature from 25 to 37 degrees C did not significantly affect the performance of the butyl rubber glove. For the other gloves, however, exposures at 37 degrees C resulted in decreases in breakthrough times of 25-75% and increases in steady-state permeation rates of 80-457% relative to values obtained at 25 degrees C. Repeated exposure of nitrile rubber samples resulted in shorter breakthrough times for all mixture components. In fact, exposure for as little as one-half of the nominal breakthrough time followed by air drying overnight resulted in measurable quantities of one or more of the component solvents at the inner surface of the gloves at the beginning of the next exposure. This effect was not observed with the butyl rubber samples. With the exception of the negative photoresist, heating previously exposed nitrile rubber samples at 70 degrees C for 20 hr prior to retesting reduced or eliminated the effects of residual solvents, permitting reuse of the gloves. The use of thin PVC or natural rubber gloves adjacent to the nitrile gloves provided moderate increases in permeation resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Industrial Health, Ann Arbor 48109-2029.
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Zellers
authors.forename: H Q
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smigiel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sulewski
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Patrash
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: G Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D008422:Materials Testing; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010539:Permeability; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D011481:Protective Clothing; D012408:Rubber; D012666:Semiconductors; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D012408:Rubber