title: Dietary protein intake is not correlated with clinical proteinuria in NIDDM.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether dietary protein intake is correlated with clinical proteinuria in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of data obtained from the San Antonio Heart Study, a population-based survey of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. Subjects were enrolled in two phases: phase 1 between 1979 and 1982 and phase 2 between 1984 and 1988. This study was based on 376 NIDDM subjects who had both urinalysis and complete dietary protein intake information available. Dietary protein intake was measured by 24-h dietary recall in phase 1 and by food-frequency questionnaire in phase 2. An early-morning spot urine was obtained from study subjects. Clinical proteinuria was defined as greater than or equal to 1 on Ames Albustix test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In phase 1, the subjects with negative or trace proteinuria had a mean protein intake of 79.9 g/day compared with 72.1 g/day for subjects with greater than or equal to 1 proteinuria. In phase 2, the mean protein intake was 72.2 g/day in the negative/trace group and 65.3 g/day in the greater than or equal to 1 proteinuria group. In multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, systolic blood pressure, and 2-h blood glucose, we were again unable to detect a significant correlation between dietary protein intake and clinical proteinuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data do not support the hypothesis that high-protein intake is a risk factor for clinical proteinuria in NIDDM subjects. Therefore, any recommendation for protein restriction in the diets of NIDDM subjects, before the development of NIDDM-related nephropathy, must be made with caution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and General Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jameel
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Stern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins