title: Cost benefits of low dose subcutaneous erythropoietin in patients with anaemia of end stage renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the cost benefits of low dose subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin in correcting the anaemia of end stage renal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three year retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subregional nephrology service serving a mixed urban and rural population of 800,000.
  
  
  METHODS
  60 patients with symptoms of anaemic end stage renal disease treated with erythropoietin (43 receiving haemodialysis; 11 receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; two with predialysis end stage renal disease; four with failing renal transplants).
  
  
  METHODS
  Costs and savings of achieving and maintaining a haemoglobin concentration of 85-105 g/l with erythropoietin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients treated with erythropoietin achieved the target haemoglobin concentration at median induction doses of 97 (95% confidence interval 95 to 108) units/kg/week, and this was maintained with 79 (75 to 95) units/kg/week at an average annual cost per patient of 2260 pounds. Admissions related to anaemia were virtually eliminated (246 v 1 inpatient days for 12 months before and after starting erythropoietin). 54 patients required no blood transfusions after starting erythropoietin, and the total requirements fell from 230 to 21 units in the 12 months before and after starting erythropoietin. Iron stores were maintained with oral or intravenous iron. All patients reported increased wellbeing, appetite, and exercise capacity. Hypertension developed or worsened in 30 patients, resulting in hospital admissions in five patients, one of whom had seizures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low dose subcutaneous erythropoietin restores haemoglobin concentrations sufficiently to abolish blood transfusion requirements and reduce morbidity. The net cost of erythropoietin prescribed in this way (2260 pounds/patient/year) was largely offset by savings in costs of hospital admissions. The true annual cost to the NHS was around 1200 pounds per patient.
authors.affiliation: South Cleveland Hospital, Middlesbrough.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Summerfield
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cove-Smith
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Paterson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000747:Anemia, Hypochromic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000191:economics; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs; D004739:England; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin