title: Relationship between smoking status and serum lipids in a hyperlipidemic population and analysis of possible confounding factors.
abstract: The aim of our study was to estimate the potential relationship between smoking behavior and other coronary heart disease risk factors in 250 hyperlipidemic patients. We present data obtained through self-reporting of the number of cigarettes smoked per day, measurements of three tobacco markers, and data on dietary habits and lipid variables. We measured cotinine (by HPLC) and thiocyanate and used a recent colorimetric assay for the indirect evaluation of the nicotine metabolites in a single urine specimen. Mean values of nicotine metabolites, expressed as cotinine equivalents, were 6.7, 39.9, and 79.4 mumol/L, respectively, for nonsmokers, light smokers (7.7 cigarettes per day), and heavy smokers (25.8 cigarettes per day). We found that light smokers have higher concentrations of cotinine and nicotine metabolites in proportion to the number of cigarettes smoked per day than do heavy smokers. Thus, the simple colorimetric assay can accurately evaluate smoking status. Hyperlipidemia and smoking are linked by an intricate network of multiple relations. The concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is lower in heavy smokers, and the concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol are higher. The 0.11 mmol/L difference in HDL cholesterol between light and heavy smokers is close to the results of previous papers; however, when gender, dietary habits (including alcohol intake), and data on body mass index are included in a multiple regression analysis, there is no longer an association between HDL cholesterol concentrations and smoking status. Therefore, these different dietary habits may be confounding factors that partly explain the pattern of lipid variables.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Service d'Endocrinologie-Métabolisme, Paris, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruckert
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lamaire
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Truffert
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Percheron
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: de Gennes
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003124:Colorimetry; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000652:urine; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D013861:Thiocyanates; D009538:Nicotine; D003367:Cotinine; C031760:thiocyanate