title: Dialyzed fetal bovine serum increases cytogenetic fragile X expression.
abstract: Short-term whole blood cultures from 9 unrelated male individuals with the fragile X [fra(X)] syndrome were exposed to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR). The fra(X) frequency was higher in 8 of 9 cases where the complete medium contained dialyzed fetal bovine serum (DFBS). In 3 of the cases, the fra(X) frequency nearly tripled (e.g., 12/100 to 33/100) while in 2 others, it nearly doubled (e.g., 15/100 to 29/100). When DFBS cultures from 2 other fra(X) individuals were exposed to increasing folic acid concentrations ranging from 2 to 4,000 x 10(-6) M, there was virtually no change in fra(X) expression. In 6 of 9 DFBS cultures, the mitotic index decreased, and it increased in 3. Therefore, although the fra(X) frequency increased, in most DFBS cultures the mitotic index decreased. Whether the reduction in mitotic index indicates an inverse correlation between reduced mitotic index and increased fra(X) expression, at least in cultures from some individuals, will be determined by additional studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) medium supplementation with dialyzed fetal bovine serum should be considered when using FUdR for fra(X) identification in order to avoid potentially false negative results; (2) there appears to be no direct correlation between increased mitotic index and increased fra(X) expression in whole blood cultures; (3) increased folic acid concentrations do not affect fra(X) expression when FUdR fra(X) induction is employed; therefore requesting people to refrain from taking vitamins, including folic acid, before fra(X) testing (a practice that still persists in some places) appears unnecessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island 10314.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Krawczun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood; D002417:Cattle; D003470:Culture Media; D003582:Cytogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D003956:Dialysis; D005467:Floxuridine; D005492:Folic Acid; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005467:Floxuridine; D005492:Folic Acid