title: Acquired protein S deficiency: correlation with advanced disease in HIV-1-infected patients.
abstract: A plasma free protein S deficiency was detected in 41 of 63 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). This study consisted in a prospective analysis of blood samples from 26 patients with confirmed diagnosis of AIDS, two with AIDS-related complex, 10 with polyadenopathy, and 25 who were asymptomatic. Protein S levels were compared to a matched control group of 24 healthy subjects. A deep venous thrombosis occurred in three AIDS patients with free protein S deficiency. A significant decrease in plasma free protein S levels was observed in HIV-1-seropositive patients (mean +/- SD, 56.5 +/- 23.3%) as compared with control subjects (105.3 +/- 18%, p = 0.0001). Free protein S levels were significantly lower in patients with full-blown AIDS (37.6 +/- 12.3%) than in patients without AIDS (69.8 +/- 19.9%, p = 0.0001). Low plasma free protein S levels correlated with high beta 2-microglobulin values (p = 0.0001), low CD4+ T-cell counts (p = 0.0002) and elevated urinary neopterin concentrations (p = 0.005). According to a multiple regression analysis, the progression to stages IVB, IVC1 or IVD of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) appeared to be the main explanatory variable in free protein S-deficient patients. Such results suggest that free protein S deficiency may coincide with the development of AIDS. This could contribute to hypercoagulability and, in some instances, thromboembolic complications in AIDS patients.
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bissuel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berruyer
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Causse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dechavanne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trepo
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000172:deficiency*; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011486:Protein C / Q000032:analysis; D017293:Protein S; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D011486:Protein C; D017293:Protein S; D000990:Antithrombin III