title: ATP-dependent cadmium transport by the cadA cadmium resistance determinant in everted membrane vesicles of Bacillus subtilis.
abstract: Resistance to cadmium conferred by the staphylococcal plasmid pI258 occurs by means of energy-dependent efflux, resulting in decreased intracellular accumulation of cadmium. Recent sequence information suggested that efflux is mediated by a P-type ATPase. The cadA gene was previously expressed in Bacillus subtilis, conferring resistance to cadmium. Everted membrane vesicles were prepared from B. subtilis cells harboring either a plasmid containing the cadA system or the vector plasmid alone. 109Cd2+ transport into the everted membranes was measured in the presence of various energy sources. Cadmium transport was detected only in the presence of ATP as an energy source. The production of an electrochemical proton gradient (delta mu H+) by using NADH or phenazine methosulfate plus ascorbate was not able to drive transport. Reagents which dissipate delta pH abolished calcium transport due to the Ca2+/H+ antiporter but only partially inhibited cadmium transport. Inhibition of transport by the antibiotic bafilomycin A1 occurred at concentrations comparable to those which inhibit P-type ATPases. A band corresponding to the cadA gene product was identified on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and antibodies to the protein were prepared.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lynn
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D004024:Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D018942:Macrolides; D009550:Nigericin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014634:Valinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018942:Macrolides; D002104:Cadmium; D014634:Valinomycin; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; D004024:Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; C040929:bafilomycin A1; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D009550:Nigericin; D002118:Calcium