title: Bovine amelogenin message heterogeneity: alternative splicing and Y-chromosomal gene transcription.
abstract: The amelogenins are the most abundant proteins in developing tooth enamel. Previous analyses have demonstrated that transcriptionally active genes encoding the proteins are located on both the bovine X and the bovine Y chromosomes. We report here the cloning and sequence analysis of the Y-chromosomal gene and corresponding cDNA. The Y-specific mRNA encodes a translation product in which a 21 amino acid domain has been deleted, relative to the X-specific amelogenin, resulting in loss of a structure tentatively described as a beta-spiral. There are also 13 single amino acid differences compared to the X-specific amelogenin. In addition, we have cloned and sequenced an X-chromosomal alternatively spliced amelogenin cDNA that encodes a 43 amino acid amelogenin primary translation product. Hydrophobicity analysis indicates that all analyzed amelogenin proteins have a mean hydrophilic character and the two peptides translated from alternatively spliced messages have significant increases in percentage of hydrophobic amino acids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia 19104.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Golub
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenbloom
mesh_terms: D053523:Amelogenin; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D015698:Genomic Library; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014083:Tooth Germ / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014960:X Chromosome; D014998:Y Chromosome
chemical_list: D053523:Amelogenin; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004247:DNA