title: Physician staffing in the emergency departments of public teaching hospitals: a national survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate factors influencing emergency physician staffing patterns in an important subset of US hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of emergency department directors and hospital administrators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Member institutions of the National Association of Public Hospitals and the Council of Teaching Hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 498 hospitals enrolled, two mailings and telephone follow-up yielded 277 replies (56% response rate). To adjust for differences in ED size and volume, levels of staffing were converted to full-time equivalents (FTEs) per 10,000 annual ED visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responding institutions included 160 private and 115 public hospitals, 74 of which were Veterans Administration hospitals. Formal medical school affiliation was noted by 86% of responding institutions, and 82 (30%) supported emergency medicine residency programs. Full-time attending emergency physician staffing varied widely, from less than one to more than three FTEs per 10,000 visits; however, mean levels of staffing at public hospitals did not differ significantly from private institutions (2.7 +/- 1.6 vs 2.5 +/- 3.1, respectively; P = .50). Three of four hospitals reported using part-time emergency physician attending but only 33% used nurse practitioners or physicians' assistants. Two thirds of responding hospitals used rotating house officers-in-training. Of note, hospitals that supported emergency medicine residency programs reported significantly higher levels of staffing by housestaff (2.2 +/- 1.8 vs 1.0 +/- 1.2 FTEs/10,000 visits; P less than .0004), but levels of total staffing by full- and part-time attending physicians were virtually identical (2.69 +/- 1.6 vs 2.67 +/- 2.6 FTEs/10,000 visits; respectively; P = .95). Marked variability in levels and patterns of ED staffing at public and teaching hospitals currently exists, but the differences are not explained by hospital ownership. The reasons for such variations and their implications for patient care must be explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Holley
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kellermann
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Andrulis
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D004635:Emergency Medicine; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce