Universal health care coverage--pitfalls and promise of an employment-based approach.
America's patchwork quilt of health care coverage is coming apart at the seams. The system, such as it is, is built upon an inherently problematic base: employment. By definition, an employment-based approach, by itself, will not assure universal coverage of the entire population. If an employment-based approach is to be the centerpiece of a system that provides universal coverage, special attention must be paid to all the categories of individuals who are not employees--children, unemployed spouses or singles, the unemployable ill and disabled, persons between jobs, students, retirees, the elderly. Moreover, in a purely voluntary employment-based arrangement, some employers will not provide insurance at all, and others will provide inadequate coverage, necessitating other special provisions for coverage. As a consequence, about one out of six people now has no health coverage whatsoever, and even more have inadequate coverage. All the while, the rapidly-increasing transaction costs of sustaining this grossly inadequate pluralistic system eat up sufficient funds to provide basic benefits to the entire population. The time for systematic reforms has come and gone; what is now needed is action to prevent disaster, followed by a complete rebuilding of this country's health coverage system. Although perhaps more likely to be tried than more radical, completely nationalized, ones, stepwise reforms may not go far enough to cure the significant ills of the current employment-based system. Passage of inadequate reforms, then, could well set the stage for nationalized health care in the not too distant future.
Budetti
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Department of Health Services Management and Policy, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
D017049:Employer Health Costs; D035082:Federal Government; D006264:Health Benefit Plans, Employee / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D017048:Health Care Costs; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D009310:National Health Insurance, United States / Q000191:economics*; D014481:United States; D035141:Voluntary Programs