title: Quantitative assessment of the behavior of psychotherapy supervisors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the behavior of psychotherapy supervisors by using the Psychotherapy Supervision Inventory.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used the Psychotherapy Supervision Inventory to rate 53 videotaped supervision sessions of 34 different supervisors. They also used the variable of the rater's perception of the excellence of the supervisor as a teacher. The data were subjected to a cluster analysis and a K-means analysis. Discriminant function analyses were applied to the comparison of the behavior of 19 supervisors with two different residents and the behavior of all 34 supervisors with residents in three different years of training. The relationship between rater-perceived excellence and Psychotherapy Supervision Inventory scores was analyzed by using stepwise multiple regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a high level of agreement among the four raters' judgments of supervisors' excellence. Empathy accounted for 72% of the variance in rater-perceived excellence and focus on the therapist accounted for an additional 5%. When empathy was dropped from the equation, experiential orientation accounted for 60% of the variance in ratings of excellence, clarification and interpretation accounted for an additional 16%, and depth accounted for another 3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the context of established relationships, supervisors have stable behavior patterns. Rater-perceived excellence is related to the supervisor's focusing on the resident's immediate experiences and making many synthesizing comments in depth. The Psychotherapy Supervision Inventory can be used to orient supervisors to supervision and provide feedback about their behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7792.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Shanfield
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Mohl
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hetherly
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004522:Educational Status; D004645:Empathy; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000193:education*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000193:education*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology; D013663:Teaching / Q000592:standards*; D014743:Videotape Recording