title: Treatment of bone metastases with dichloromethylene bisphosphonate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of dichloromethylene bisphosphonate (Cl2MDP) on osteolytic and osteoblastic bone lesions from a variety of tumoral primary sites and to investigate the in vivo mechanism underlying the action of this drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six patients participated in the current study: 59 had predominantly osteolytic lesions and 17 osteoblastic metastases. Sixteen patients had hypercalcemia. All of the patients received 300 mg of Cl2MDP intravenously (IV) for 7 days and then 200 mg of Cl2MDP intramuscularly (IM) for 14 days. Biochemical parameters were measured in the patients before the start of treatment and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after beginning treatment. After the withdrawal of parenteral Cl2MDP, 59 patients with predominantly osteolytic lesions were then randomized to receive chemotherapy alone (group A, 29 cases) or chemotherapy plus Cl2MDP given at an oral dose of 1,200 mg/d (group B, 30 cases).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum calcium (Ca), urinary calcium (UCa) phosphate (UPO4), and hydroxyproline (HOP) excretion levels significantly decreased in all patients, whereas no significant changes occurred in serum alkaline phosphatase (AlkPh) and bone Gla-protein (BGP) levels. In 56 patients with painful bone lesions, a progressive analgesic effect was observed mainly between day 7 and day 14. In patients with predominantly osteoblastic metastases, the Cl2MDP treatment led to a more evident hypocalcemia and an increase in both AlkPh and BGP. However, in the majority of these patients the hypocalcemia was corrected by the concurrent use of effective cytotoxic treatments capable of reducing osteoblast stimulation. During 6 months of follow-up, two pathologic fractures occurred in patients of group A, and none occurred in patients of group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that Cl2MDP was effective in patients presenting bone metastases with and without hypercalcemia. Care should be taken particularly in those patients with mixed metastases when the sclerotic component is predominant, as the drug may enhance the possibility of hypocalcemia, which is generally corrected by effective cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, Cl2MDP can be considered a valuable support in the treatment of bone metastases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, University of Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Francini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonnelli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Petrioli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paffetti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gennari
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004002:Clodronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D004002:Clodronic Acid; D002118:Calcium