title: The first 20 years of nurse practitioner literature: an evolution of joint practice issues.
abstract: This study examines literature produced during the first 20 years of the nurse practitioner movement. The content of sampled articles suggests that the nurse practitioner/joint practice movement did not evolve in a social vacuum; historical situations and economic conditions limited or defined options. Licensure, clinical autonomy, prescriptive authority and third-party (insurance) payments are dominant issues within the many articles discussing dependent, independent and team-organized health care delivery. Whether joint practice or private practice will facilitate non-hierarchical relations among nurse practitioners and medical doctors, vs. acting as an ideological cover for continued inequality, remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, University of Michigan-Flint.
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Pazaki
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D014481:United States