Cigarette, alcohol, and coffee consumption and spontaneous abortion.
We analyzed data from a survey of occupational factors and pregnancy outcome to examine the effects of cigarette, alcohol, and coffee consumption on pregnancy outcome. Clear and statistically significant associations were found between cigarette and alcohol consumption and spontaneous abortion. There was a weaker but statistically significant association with coffee consumption: If the associations were casual, 11% of the spontaneous abortions could be attributed to smoking, 5% to alcohol, and 2% to coffee.
Armstrong
B G
BG
School of Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
McDonald
A D
AD
Sloan
M
M
D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015984:Causality; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003625:Data Collection; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008423:Maternal Age; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
D003069:Coffee