title: Pelvic inflammatory disease: findings during inpatient treatment of clinically severe, laparoscopy-documented disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the relationship between clinically severe pelvic inflammatory disease and laparoscopic diagnosis and grading, comparative treatment with clindamycin plus cefamandole or doxycycline, and a management protocol for inpatient pelvic inflammatory disease treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients who met our clinical criteria for severe pelvic inflammatory disease underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. Pelvic inflammatory disease patients were randomized to double-blind treatment with clindamycin plus cefamandole or doxycycline within our management protocol; postdischarge oral antibiotics were omitted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopy confirmed pelvic inflammatory disease in 23 (70%) patients; 10 (44%) had mild pelvic inflammatory disease by laparoscopic grading. Laparoscopic grade alone predicted necessary duration of therapy to response: mild pelvic inflammatory disease, 2.3 +/- 0.5 days; moderate pelvic inflammatory disease, 2.7 +/- 1.5 days; and severe pelvic inflammatory disease, 3.9 +/- 1.5 days (p less than 0.05). Using the management plan presented, response rates for both antibiotic regimens were 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical diagnosis and grading of severe pelvic inflammatory disease has poor specificity. Laparoscopic grading of severity of pelvic inflammatory disease seems accurate. Both clindamycin plus cefamandole and clindamycin plus doxycycline are equally effective regimens for treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease and did not require supplementation after discharge. Our management plan is objective and practical; daily bimanual examination is the most sensitive indicator of persistent disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Livengood
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Addison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002435:Cefamandole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002981:Clindamycin; D002435:Cefamandole; D004318:Doxycycline