title: Personality style and hypnotizability: the fix-flex continuum.
abstract: Since Mesmer, there has been much confusion about the inter-relationship between an individual's degree of hypnotizability, the personality style of the individual and the importance of the therapeutic strategy. Empirical and experimental research supports the hypotheses that there are: 1) biopsychosocial components of hypnotizability on a continuum ranging from ecologically insensitive (not modifiable by external stimuli) to ecologically sensitive (very modifiable by external stimuli); 2) biopsychosocial components that can be measured to identify an individual's degree of hypnotic capacity and responsivity; 3) distinct personality styles which correlate with low, mid-range and high hypnotizability on a fix (ecologically insensitive)-flex (ecologically sensitive) continuum; and 4) different clinical syndromes which correlate with these categorical distinctions. We propose that measuring hypnotizability and personality style is a way to clarify diagnosis and choose appropriate treatment strategies to maximize existing biopsychosocial resources of an individual with a specific problem in a particular context.
authors.affiliation: College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Spiegel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greenleaf
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010551:Personality; D010565:Persuasive Communication; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012107:Research Design