title: Treatment of systemic sclerosis with extracorporeal photochemotherapy. Results of a multicenter trial.
abstract: METHODS
  In a pilot study of extracorporeal photochemotherapy, two patients with systemic sclerosis who received this therapy experienced significant clinical improvement. These results prompted the development of a multicenter trial to examine the benefit of extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the treatment of systemic sclerosis. Seventy-nine patients with systemic sclerosis of recent onset (mean symptom duration, 1.83 years) and progressive skin involvement during the preceding 6 months entered a randomized, parallel-group, single-blinded clinical trial comparing extracorporeal photochemotherapy treatments given on 2 consecutive days monthly with treatment with D-penicillamine at a maximum dose of 750 mg/d. Blinded clinical examiners evaluated skin severity score (thickness), percent surface area involvement, oral aperture, and hand closure. Serial skin biopsies and pulmonary function studies were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following 6 months of treatment, significant improvement in skin severity score occurred in 21 (68%) of 31 patients receiving photochemotherapy and in eight (32%) of 25 receiving D-penicillamine treatment, while significant worsening occurred in three (10%) of 31 receiving photochemotherapy and in eight (32%) of 25 receiving penicillamine treatment, thus indicating a significantly higher response rate for individuals who received photochemotherapy (P = .02). At both the 6- and 10-month evaluation points, the mean skin severity score, mean percent skin involvement, and mean oral aperture measurements were significantly improved from baseline among those who received photochemotherapy. Mean right and left hand closure measurements had also improved significantly by 10 months of therapy. By comparison, among the patients treated with D-penicillamine, none of the parameters of cutaneous disease had improved significantly after 6 months of therapy, although for those individuals in whom treatment was continued, the mean skin severity score and mean percent skin involvement had improved by 10 months. Skin biopsy studies revealed a correlation between clinical improvement and decreased thickness of the dermal layer. Adverse effects of extracorporeal photochemotherapy were minimal and did not require discontinuation of treatment in any of the patients receiving this therapy; six patients permanently discontinued the use of D-penicillamine treatment due to adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with systemic sclerosis of recent onset, extracorporeal photochemotherapy is a well-tolerated treatment that may partially reverse the process that results in cutaneous sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rook
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Freundlich
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Jegasothy
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rietschel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wintroub
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kahaleh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007937:Leukapheresis; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D008730:Methoxsalen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000628:therapy*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D010396:Penicillamine; D008730:Methoxsalen