Influence of prior events on cognitive judgments in amnesia.
Amnesic patients and control Ss read the names of famous and nonfamous persons. Subsequently, both groups were more likely to designate a name as famous if it had been encountered previously. The facilitatory effect of prior presentation was similar for amnesic patients and control Ss and similar for famous and nonfamous names. For amnesic patients, the effect occurred despite severely impaired recognition memory for the names. In a 2nd experiment, recombining the first and last names that had been presented together did not diminish the facilitatory effect of prior presentation, which indicates that the effect does not depend on forming an association between first and last names. The results show that nondeclarative (implicit) memory can support the acquisition of information that is specific (e.g., names of persons) and that has no preexisting representation (e.g., nonfamous names).
Squire
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LR
Veterans Affairs Medical Center (V116A), San Diego, California 92161.
McKee
R
R
D000368:Aged; D000425:Alcohol Amnestic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D000647:Amnesia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010153:Paired-Associate Learning; D013788:Thalamus / Q000098:blood supply