title: An interlaboratory comparison of data on brain cholinesterase activity in forest songbirds exposed to aerial application of Zectran.
abstract: Zectran (4-dimethylamino-3,5-xylyl N-methyl-carbamate), a carbamate insecticide (active ingredient [AI] mexacarbate), was aerially applied to two 300 ha plots of coniferous forest at dosage rates of 70 and 140 g AI/ha, respectively. The brains of 288 birds collected from the treated areas and 84 birds from untreated areas were sagittally sectioned into approximately equal halves. Each of the laboratories participating in the study, the Forest Pest Management Institute (FPMI) and the Canadian Wildlife Service, Atlantic Region (CWS), assayed one half of each brain for cholinesterase (ChE) activity and the results were compared. The ChE estimates of the two laboratories on half brains from the same birds were poorly correlated (R = 0.136, P less than 0.05) and differed significantly (P less than 0.00005). The reasons for this are uncertain. Despite the discrepancy in ChE estimates, however, separate statistical analysis of each data set produced the same general conclusion: the ChE response to Zectran exposure was statistically significant but biologically unimportant. In both data sets, statistically significant ChE responses by niche and time since spraying were found. The dosage rate emitted from the airplane was a better predictor of ChE activity in the canopy niches than was volume deposited at ground level, but volume deposited was a more useful predictor for ground birds in most situations. These results are discussed in the context of a proposal to develop a reference file of normal brain ChE activities of common wildlife species.
authors.affiliation: Forestry Canada, Forest Pest Management Institute, Marie, Ontario.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Busby
mesh_terms: D000122:Acetylthiocholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D002219:Carbamates; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; C100037:mexacarbate; D000122:Acetylthiocholine; D002802:Cholinesterases