title: Synthesis and cytotoxicity of shikimate analogues. Structure:activity studies based on 1-crotonyloxymethyl-3R,4R,5R-trihydroxycyclohex-2-enone.
abstract: Syntheses are described for and structure:activity studies undertaken of the anti-tumour activity of (2-crotonyloxymethyl-(4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxycyclohex-2-+ ++enone) (1) and its analogues 1-crotonyloxymethyl-(3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-en e (3), 1-crotonyloxymethyl-(3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexene (4) and 2-crotonyloxymethyl-2-cyclohexenone (5), which differ from 1 in the presence/absence of the cyclic keto group and/or the stereochemistry at one of the -OH bearing carbon atoms. None of the above compounds, including 1, directly inhibited glyoxalase I, isolated for the first time to homogeneity from rat Yoshida sarcomas and for which a purification protocol was developed. The apparent inhibition of glyoxalase I by 1 and 5 (but not detected for 4 or 3) could be explained by reaction of 1 and 5 with the glutathione present in the assay buffer and the consequent depletion of substrate. 1 and 5 were found to react readily with glutathione whereas 4 and 3 did not react. In vitro chemosensitivity studies against a panel of tumour cell lines of both mouse and human origin showed that in parallel with their thiol reactivity, 1 and 5 exhibited significant in vitro cytotoxicity whereas 4 and 3 did not. Concentrations of drug required to cause 50% cell kill (ID50 values) were in the range 0.5-19 microM (0.1-2.8 micrograms/ml) for 5, and 3-44 microM (0.7-10 micrograms/ml) for 1. The structural features causing the differences in antitumour effects were localized on this basis to the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone linkage as opposed to the stereochemistry of the (trihydroxy) alcoholic sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aghil
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bibby
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Carrington
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Double
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Shing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D003512:Cyclohexanones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D051381:Rats; D012513:Sarcoma, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology; D012765:Shikimic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D003512:Cyclohexanones; C073431:2-crotonyloxymethyl-2-cyclohexenone; D012765:Shikimic Acid; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase