title: Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women of reproductive age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses, and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women of reproductive age attending a health care system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public Obstetric Clinic and Service for Pre- and Perinatal Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Rome, Latium Region, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  1142 women attending our centres consecutively for delivery, miscarriage, voluntary interruption of pregnancy or screening for pre- and perinatal prevention of infectious diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples, collected after informed consent over a period of 2 months, were tested for hepatitis B virus markers (anti-HBc and HBsAg) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for antibodies against hepatitis C virus (by ELISA and, if positive, by RIBA) and for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies (by ELISA and, if positive by Western blot).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus was 14.4% (95% CI Poisson distribution 12.2-16.5) for anti-HBc and 1.6% (95% CI, 0.9-2.5) for HBsAg. Antibodies against hepatitis C virus were detected by ELISA in 2.4% (CI 1.6-3.5) and by first generation RIBA in 0.9% (CI 0.4-1.6). Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence was 1.0% (CI 0.5-1.7). No significant differences were observed by age or by reason for attending.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women attending our centres have a higher prevalence of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection than those observed in our country in larger national surveys of newborn babies, in reproductive-aged women or in other selected low-risk groups such as blood donors. This could be due to the attendance of women at increased risk such as drug addicts. The information has the additional value of emphasizing the need for adherence by health care personnel, to the recommendations issued for the prevention of occupational infections.
authors.affiliation: AIDS Unit, L. Spallanzani Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Puro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Girardi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ippolito
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lo Presti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benedetto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaniratti
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gioia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natili
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tossini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens