title: Regulation by cytokines of extracellular superoxide dismutase and other superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in fibroblasts.
abstract: The influence of cytokines on extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) expression by human dermal fibroblasts was investigated. The expression was markedly stimulated by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), was varying between fibroblast lines stimulated or depressed by interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), was intermediately depressed by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and markedly depressed by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). TNF-alpha, however, enhanced the stimulation by a high dose of IFN-gamma, whereas TGF-beta markedly depressed the stimulations given by IFN-gamma and IL-1 alpha. The ratio between the maximal stimulation and depression observed was around 30-fold. The responses were generally slow and developed over periods of several days. There were no effects of IFN-alpha, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, human growth hormone, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, leukotriene B4, prostaglandin E2, formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine, platelet-activating factor, and indomethacin. The cytokines influencing the EC-SOD expression are also known to influence superoxide production by leukocytes and other cell types, and the EC-SOD response pattern is roughly compatible with the notion that its function is to protect cells against extracellular superoxide radicals. The results show that EC-SOD is a participant in the complex inflammatory response orchestrated by cytokines. The CuZn-SOD activity of the fibroblasts was not influenced by any of the cytokines, whereas the Mn-SOD activity was depressed by TGF-beta. TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IFN-gamma stimulated the Mn-SOD activity, as previously known, and these responses were reduced by TGF-beta. The different responses of the three SOD isoenzymes illustrate their different physiological roles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Marklund
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007527:Isoenzymes; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase