title: Studies of the permeation properties of glomerular basement membrane: cross-linking renders glomerular basement membrane permeable to protein.
abstract: Cross-linking glomerular basement membrane (GBM) has been shown to render it more permeable to protein. Isolated pig GBM was cross-linked with dimethylmalonimidate which reacts selectively with lysine epsilon-NH2 groups or with glutaraldehyde, a less selective cross-linking agent. Studies of the ultrafiltration properties of these materials in vitro using cytochrome c, myoglobin, bovine serum albumin and immunoglobulin showed that cross-linking had markedly increased solvent and protein fluxes as compared with native membranes particularly at higher pressures. Filtration studies with serum demonstrated that the cross-linked membranes were more permeable to serum proteins. Thickness measurements under pressure indicated that cross-linked membrane was less compressed than native membrane as pressure was increased. Pore theory did not provide a suitable model for analysis of the results, but analysis of the results using the fibre-matrix hypothesis indicated that cross-linking had the effect of bundling together the fibres (type IV collagen) in the GBM matrix. The effect of cross-linking on filtration could be explained by a combination of contraction of the membrane, fibre bundling and increased rigidity compared with native membrane. Cross-linking of GBM might lead to long-term damage of the glomerular capillary wall in nephritis, so promoting proteinuria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, U.K.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005976:Glutaral / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007096:Imidoesters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008433:Mathematics; D010539:Permeability; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine; D014462:Ultrafiltration
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D007096:Imidoesters; C007475:dimethylmalonimidate; D005976:Glutaral