title: Effect of skim milk supplementation on blood cholesterol concentration, blood pressure, and triglycerides in a free-living human population.
abstract: In 82 subjects, aged 21-73, we studied the effect of skim milk supplementation on serum cholesterol concentration, blood pressure, and serum triglyceride level. The study involved a 1-week pretreatment baseline period followed by 8 weeks of milk supplementation. Sixty-four people were designated to a test group and 18 people were placed in a seasonal index group. The study was designed as a free-living trial, i.e., participants were requested to maintain their normal lifestyles, including dietary pattern, except for the supplementation of one quart of 2% solids-not-fat fortified skim milk to the daily diet in the test group. Supplemental milk treatment was associated with a 6.6% reduction (p = 0.0004) of serum cholesterol in the high cholesterol (greater than or equal to 190 mg/dl) test subgroup within the first 4 weeks. No change was noted in serum cholesterol in the low-cholesterol (less than 190 mg/dl) subgroup throughout the study. Body weight and seasonal variation of blood cholesterol did not significantly influence serum cholesterol levels. Reduction (p = 0.0140) in percentage of calories from fat in the high-cholesterol subgroup was not correlated with the decrease in serum cholesterol in this test subgroup. Reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure occurred in the test subgroups; the low-cholesterol subgroup had a greater reduction (p = 0.0002) in diastolic blood pressure than the high-cholesterol group (p = 0.0049). Milk supplementation was associated with reduction (p = 0.0370) in serum triglycerides in the high-cholesterol subgroup.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Buonopane
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilara
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D015930:Diet Records; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012621:Seasons; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008903:Minerals; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D008274:Magnesium; D012256:Riboflavin