title: Decreased endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization to acetylcholine in smooth muscle of the mesenteric artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: The endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) may be impaired because of an imbalance of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and contracting factor. However, the role of the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization remains undetermined. We examined the ACh-induced hyperpolarization and its contribution to relaxation in arteries of SHR. Membrane potentials were recorded from the mesenteric artery trunk of 6-8-month-old male SHR and also Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization to ACh was unaffected by NG-nitro-L-arginine, indomethacin, or glibenclamide; was reduced by tetraethylammonium or high K+ solution; and was enhanced by low K+ solution or methylene blue, thereby indicating that hyperpolarization is not mediated by nitric oxide (endothelium-derived relaxing factor) but is presumably mediated by a hyperpolarizing factor and is due to an opening of K+ channels that probably differ from the ATP-sensitive ones. Hyperpolarizations to ACh were markedly reduced in SHR compared with findings in WKY rats (maximum, 8 +/- 1 versus 17 +/- 1 mV). In addition, under conditions of depolarization with norepinephrine (10(-5) M), the ACh-induced hyperpolarization was even less and transient in SHR, while it was large and sustained in WKY rats (6 +/- 1 versus 29 +/- 2 mV). Endothelium-dependent relaxations to ACh in arterial rings precontracted with 10(-5) M norepinephrine were far less in SHR than in WKY rats, even in the presence of indomethacin. Furthermore, high K+ solution showed smaller inhibitory effects on the relaxations in SHR than in WKY rats. Endothelium-independent hyperpolarizations and relaxations to cromakalim, a K+ channel opener, were similar between SHR and WKY rats. It would thus appear that the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization to ACh is reduced in SHR and this would, in part, account for the impaired relaxation to ACh in SHR mesenteric arteries.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujishima
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors; C067410:endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor; D000109:Acetylcholine