title: In-vivo studies of uterine electrosurgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of electrosurgery on the living human uterus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine women with recurrent refractory dysfunctional uterine bleeding, listed for hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental endometrial resection on patients immediately prior to hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The influence of power output, duration of exposure and repetition of consecutive surgical applications on the size of the zone of thermal necrosis in uterine tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resection of the endometrium was associated with a narrow zone of thermal necrosis of between 0.69 and 0.76 mm which was not dependent on power output. Duration of exposure, however, was directly related to tissue necrosis (1.44 vs 1.88 mm for 1s and 5s, respectively). Coagulation by pin-point desiccation caused a zone of thermal necrosis of 3.30-3.77 mm that was independent of either power or duration of exposure to electrical energy. Thermal transmission through the uterus in situ, during electrosurgery was minimal, the maximum recorded rise in temperature from the baseline was 0.4 degrees C. The differences between the in vitro and in vivo effects of electrosurgery are highlighted and the possible reasons for these differences explored.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential for unwanted thermally-induced damage to the uterus is small.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sharp
mesh_terms: D004598:Electrosurgery; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D009336:Necrosis / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013814:Thermal Conductivity; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014599:Uterus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*