title: Autonomic and cardiovascular effects of neuromuscular blockade antagonism in the dog.
abstract: Autonomic and cardiovascular changes were studied when neuromuscular blockade was antagonized in 96 dogs with one of eight anticholinesterase-antimuscarinic drug combinations. Neostigmine (50 or 100 micrograms/kg) was administered before or after atropine (40 micrograms/kg) or glycopyrrolate (10 micrograms/kg). The high dose of neostigmine (100 micrograms/kg) caused bradyarrhythmias, salivation, and signs of bronchosecretion when used with either antimuscarinic agent and irrespective of the administration sequence. The heart rate increased, but not significantly, when atropine was injected before either dose of neostigmine. This did not occur when this administration sequence was reversed. Arrhythmias and cardiovascular and autonomic changes did not occur when glycopyrrolate was injected before or after neostigmine at 50 micrograms/kg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Clutton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flora
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McGrath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D009388:Neostigmine; D001285:Atropine; D006024:Glycopyrrolate