title: A synthetic ceramide analog, D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol, selectively inhibits adherence during macrophage differentiation of human leukemia cells.
abstract: Prior studies have demonstrated that sphingomyelin synthesis is involved in adherence during macrophage differentiation of HL-60 cells (Dressler, K. A., Kan, C.-C., and Kolesnick, R. N. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 11522-11527). The present studies show that glycosphingolipid synthesis is also involved. Initial studies demonstrated that the potent phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulates a 6- and 12-fold increase in the levels of sialosyllactosylceramide (GM3) and glucosylceramide (GlcCer), respectively, during development of an adherent macrophage population. In contrast, the level of lactosylceramide (LacCer) decreased to 20% of unstimulated controls. These effects were specific to adherent macrophages as nonadherent cells had minimal alteration in the glycosphingolipid profile. D-Threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP), a competitive inhibitor of UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.80), selectively blocked adherence during macrophage differentiation. PDMP markedly reduced basal levels of GlcCer, LacCer, and GM3 and prevented TPA-stimulated effects. PDMP (0.03-10 microM) reduced adherence after TPA from 30 to 6% of the total population. PDMP did not block other aspects of phorbol ester-induced macrophage differentiation including growth inhibition, expression of mRNA transcripts for the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc, development of the specific enzyme markers alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase, and the gross morphologic changes associated with macrophage differentiation. PDMP appeared to have no short term or prolonged toxic effect on HL-60 cells. These studies show that PDMP selectively blocked adherence of HL-60 cells during phorbol ester-induced macrophage differentiation and suggest that this compound may be useful in the description of the biologic roles of glycosphingolipids.
authors.affiliation: Program of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Kolesnick
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism*; D006028:Glycosphingolipids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002518:Ceramides; D006028:Glycosphingolipids; D009025:Morpholines; C033110:RV 538; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate