title: Nuclear entry and nucleolar localization of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) matrix protein occur early in infection and do not require other NDV proteins.
abstract: A large proportion of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) matrix (M) protein is found in the nuclei of infected chicken embryo cells. Kinetic analysis indicated that much of the M protein enters the nucleus early in infection, concentrating in discrete regions of the nucleus and remaining there throughout infection. The M protein was found in localized regions of the nuclei of a variety of cell lines infected with NDV. Immunostaining for both M protein and nucleolar antigens indicated that most of these regions represent nucleoli. Moreover, this nucleolar localization of the M protein was observed in chicken embryo cells infected with 11 different strains of NDV. Only the M protein of strain HP displayed a modified pattern, concentrating in the nucleolus early in infection but in the cytoplasm late in infection. M protein transiently expressed in COS-1 cells also localized to the nucleus and nucleolus, indicating that the M protein does not require other NDV proteins for this localization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Peeples
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Coleman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001692:Biological Transport; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000737:chemistry*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins