title: Tips of the trade. Locating and protecting the axillary nerve in shoulder surgery: the tug test.
abstract: Because of the primary importance of the deltoid muscle to shoulder function, injury to the axillary nerve must be carefully avoided during reconstructive shoulder procedures. This paper describes a systematic technique for locating and protecting the axillary nerve.
authors.affiliation: Shoulder Service, New York Orthopaedic Hospital, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Flatow
authors.forename: L U
authors.initials: LU
authors.lastname: Bigliani
mesh_terms: D001365:Axilla / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*