Droperidol versus haloperidol for chemical restraint of agitated and combative patients.
OBJECTIVE
To compare two related pharmacological agents used for the chemical restraint of agitated and combative patients.


METHODS
A randomized, double-blind, prospective study was carried out in patients requiring physical restraint in a university hospital emergency department.


METHODS
Sixty-eight violent or agitated adult patients whom the attending physician believed would benefit from chemical restraint to protect the patient and staff and to expedite evaluation.


METHODS
Twenty-one participants were administered 5 mg haloperidol IM; 26 were administered 5 mg droperidol IM; 12 were administered haloperidol IV; and nine were administered 5 mg droperidol IV.


RESULTS
All patients were rated on a five-point combativeness scale at five, ten, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after the study drug was given. Vital signs also were recorded at these times. IM droperidol decreased combativeness significantly more than IM haloperidol at ten (P = .006), 15 (P = .01), and 30 (P = .04) minutes. There was no significant difference between the two drugs when given by the IV route (beta at the 5% confidence level, P = .78).


CONCLUSIONS
In equal IM doses (5 mg), droperidol results in more rapid control of agitated patients than haloperidol, without any increase in undesirable side effects.
Thomas
H
H
Department of Emergency Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
Schwartz
E
E
Petrilli
R
R
D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004329:Droperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004630:Emergencies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
D006220:Haloperidol; D004329:Droperidol