title: Neurotoxicity of acute and repeated treatments of tabun, paraoxon, diisopropyl fluorophosphate and isofenphos to the hen.
abstract: The neuropathic potential of acute and repeated exposures of the phosphoramidates tabun (GA) and isofenphos (IFP), of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) and paraoxon (PO) were examined in the hen with treatments for up to 90 days via intramuscular injections of the highest tolerated doses with atropine protection. Plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE), non-specific butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and creatine kinase (CK) activities were measured in order to monitor whether the compounds were present at biologically active concentrations. Locomotor behavior was observed and tissues from the peripheral and central nervous systems were examined for signs of organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). No behavioral or histological evidence of OPIDN was observed after treatments with GA, IFP, PO, saline or atropine sulfate. DFP-treated birds displayed locomotor and neuropathological signs of OPIDN with a no effect level (NOEL) between 25 and 50 micrograms/kg.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Health (ITEH), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616-5224.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dacre
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood; D002645:Chickens; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007531:Isoflurophate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D010261:Paraoxon / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D010755:Organophosphates; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; C035019:isofenphos; D007531:Isoflurophate; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D002802:Cholinesterases; D010261:Paraoxon; C009374:tabun