title: Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma by continuous intravenous infusion of recombinant interleukin-2: a single-center phase II study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A single-center phase II study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) administered by continuous infusion to patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one patients with RCC were entered onto the study. rIL-2 (Proleukin; Eurocetus Corp, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) was administered intravenously in a dose of 18 x 10(6) IU/m2 per 24 hours. A maximum of two induction cycles and four maintenance cycles were given. Each induction cycle consisted of two rIL-2 infusion periods of 120 hours and 108 hours duration, respectively; these were separated by a 6-day rest period. Each maintenance cycle consisted of a 120 hours rIL-2 infusion period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six of 30 assessable patients (20%) responded; two (7%) with a complete response (CR) and four (13%) with a partial response (PR). The response duration for patients with CR was 209 and 715+ days, and for those with PR 161, 197, 245, and 353 days. Seven patients had stable disease (SD) with a median duration of 261 days (range, 127 to 381 days). The overall median survival was 261 days (range, 13 to 905+ days). The most frequent toxicities requiring dose reductions of rIL-2 were: hypotension in 87% of patients, dyspnea in 32%, CNS toxicity in 55%, and an increase in serum creatinine levels in 48%. Septicemia occurred in 16% of patients. Toxicities usually reversed on interruption of rIL-2 infusion. One patient (3%) died as a result of the treatment from initial CNS toxicity followed by multiorgan failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study confirmed the antitumor efficacy of rIL-2 administered by continuous infusion in patients with metastatic RCC. The response rate was similar to that obtained by high-dose bolus injections of rIL-2. Toxicity was substantial but manageable in a specialized oncology ward without routine use of an intensive care unit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Geertsen
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von der Maase
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steven
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins