title: Joint effects of sodium chloride, glutamine, and glucose in mouse preimplantation embryo culture media.
abstract: A new medium, SOM, produced by simplex optimization, has been used to study the joint effects of NaCl, glutamine, and glucose on the development of outbred CF1 mouse zygotes to the blastocyst stage. Contrary to previous reports, glucose has no significant inhibiting effect on development to the blastocyst stage in this medium. Even in the presence of 5 mM glucose, 70% of the embryos develop to at least four cells, and 60% reach the blastocyst stage. Raising the concentration of NaCl from 75 to 125 mM, in the absence of glutamine, progressively inhibits development. Moreover, the response to glutamine depends on the concentration of NaCl in the medium. When the NaCl concentration is low, glutamine inhibits development. In contrast, when the NaCl concentration is high, glutamine protects against the inhibitory effect of the salt. We propose that glutamine protects against high concentrations of NaCl in the medium by acting as an organic osmolyte.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Reproduction and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lawitts
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Biggers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005973:Glutamine; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005947:Glucose