title: Evaluation of high volume particle sampling and sample handling protocols for ambient urban air mutagenicity determinations.
abstract: An investigation of high volume particle sampling and sample handling procedures was undertaken to evaluate variations of protocols being used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. These protocols are used in urban ambient air studies which collect ambient and source samples for subsequent mutagenicity analysis of the organic extracts of the aerosol fraction. Specific protocol issues investigated include: (a) duration of sampling period, (b) type of filter media used to collect air particles, (c) necessity for cryogenic field site storage and dry ice shipping of filter samples, and (d) sample handling at the receiving laboratory. Six PM10 Hi-Vol samplers were collocated at an urban site in downtown Durham, North Carolina and operated simultaneously to evaluate 12 h versus 24 h collection periods and filter media choices of glass fiber, Teflon impregnated glass fiber (TIGF), and quartz fiber. Filters from the samplers plus field blanks were collected during each of 25 sampling periods. TIGF filters from two samplers were immediately placed on dry ice in the field and transported directly to cryogenic storage. TIGF, quartz, and glass fiber filters from three samplers were transported at ambient and maintained at room temperature for three to six days prior to cryogenic storage. One TIGF sample, which was collected on a previously tared filter, was subjected to controlled environment equilibration (40 percent relative humidity, 22 degrees C) for 8 to 24 h and weighed prior to cryogenic storage. All filters were subsequently stored at -70 degrees C to -80 degrees C prior to a one-time extraction and Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity bioassay of the entire sample set.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Health Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: House
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009153:Mutagens