title: Safety considerations in the power injection of contrast media via central venous catheters during computed tomographic examinations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study addresses the theoretical, experimental, and clinical application of using a central venous catheter system (CVS) for the rapid injection of contrast media during computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Application of Poiseuille's law and the Reynolds equation yielded theoretical data. In-line pressures were measured in experimental models and patients undergoing CT. Diatrizoate meglumine and iohexal contrast media were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Reynolds number was consistent with laminar flow, allowing the application of Poiseuille's law. The calculated and experimental catheter tubing-chamber connection pressures were safe for both contrast media, at rates of 1 mL/second for long catheter tubing and 2 mL/second for short tubing. Thirteen patients had measured pressures within safety limits with no complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study establishes that power injection of contrast media via a CVS during CT is a safe procedure. Benefits include no need for peripheral intravenous catheter placement, decreased paramedical staff radiation exposure, and improved CT image quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hedlund
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Trenkner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ritenour
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Halvorsen
mesh_terms: D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007472:Iohexol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine; D007472:Iohexol