title: Placebo-controlled comparison of captopril, metoprolol, and hydrochlorothiazide therapy in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with primary hypertension.
abstract: The antihypertensive effect of captopril, metoprolol, and hydrochlorothiazide was compared in 23 non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetic patients less than or equal to 75 years of age, with borderline to moderate primary hypertension. In a double blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial the patients were treated with 25 to 50 mg captopril, 50 to 100 mg metoprolol, 12.5 to 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide, and placebo, each given twice daily for 8 weeks. Antidiabetic treatment remained unchanged during the study. After receiving placebo for a 4 week run-in period, arterial blood pressure was 168/101 +/- 93/10 (mean +/- SEM) mm Hg. Diastolic blood pressure was lowered significantly during all active treatment periods compared to the placebo value of 97 +/- 2 mm Hg: captopril, 92 +/- 1 mm Hg; metoprolol, 90 +/- 1 mm Hg; hydrochlorothiazide, 91 +/- 1 mm Hg. Metabolic variables were not significantly altered by captopril and metoprolol, while hydrochlorothiazide treatment increased hemoglobin A1c from 7.5 +/- 0.3 to 8.2 +/- 0.4% (P less than .001), decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol from 1.19 +/- 0.08 to 1.10 +/- 0.06 mmol/L (P less than .05). Glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin excretion, orthostatic blood pressure response, and digital systolic blood pressure in the lower limb remained unchanged during the active treatment periods. The frequency of subjective adverse effects was acceptable during active treatment and not significantly different compared to placebo. We conclude that antihypertensive treatment for 8 weeks with captopril or metoprolol in NIDDM patients is well-tolerated and causes no deterioration in metabolic control and kidney function, while hydrochlorothiazide causes a slight deterioration in glycemic control and lipid profile.
authors.affiliation: Steno Memorial and Hvidöre Hospital, Klampenborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gall
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rossing
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skøtt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hommel
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Mathiesen
authors.forename: L U
authors.initials: LU
authors.lastname: Gerdes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lauritzen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vølund
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Faergeman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beck-Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002216:Captopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D002216:Captopril; D008790:Metoprolol