title: Tumour-cytolytic human monocyte-derived macrophages: a simple and efficient method for the generation and long-term cultivation as non-adherent cells in a serum-free medium.
abstract: We report a simple and efficient culture procedure for the generation of tumour-cytolytic human monocyte-derived macrophages (MAC). In this method, normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, isolated using a conventional Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient procedure, are cultured as a heterogenous leukocyte population in Teflon or other hydrophobic cultureware, in a commercially available serum-free culture medium (M-SFM) that has been formulated specifically for the cultivation and ex vivo stimulation of human monocytes and MAC, and in the absence of exogenous mitogens, antigens, cytokines or other stimulants. This procedure features a negative-selection technique that takes advantage of the differential survival of blood leukocytes. Using the prescribed in vitro conditions, lymphocytes survived relatively poorly, whereas monocytes differentiated in the absence of exogenous stimulants into mature tumour-cytolytic MAC. The MAC were present as non-adherent, single cells that expressed good viability (greater than 95%) for a prolonged period (greater than 60 days). When compared to conventional procedures for generating MAC, the prescribed technique is thought to offer several important advantages in that it: (a) eliminates the tedious and cumbersome monocyte isolation procedures, thus providing a significant savings not only in time and money but also in eliminating repetitive cell manipulations that have often been associated with damage to monocyte morphology and/or function; (b) reduces the loss of monocyte subsets that are not recovered during specific isolation procedures; (c) facilitates harvesting a single cell, non-adherent suspension of immunocompetent MAC suitable for various examinations including analyses defining MAC morphology, cytochemistry, phenotype and function; and (d) eliminates variability and artifacts associated with different sera that are utilised frequently as medium supplements. The utility of the prescribed method is illustrated by the results of ongoing studies in which scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy are being used to define MAC function in different immunological reactions, and examples of these observations are presented herein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, New York State Department of Health, Buffalo 14263.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Streck
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pauly
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D003470:Culture Media; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media