title: Genotoxicity of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and related compounds in Drosophila.
abstract: The potent food mutagen and carcinogen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5- f]quinoline (IQ) and the structurally related heterocyclic aromatic amines 2-aminoimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (demethyl-IQ) and 2-amino-1-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iso-IQ) were assayed for genotoxicity in the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) as well as in the sex-linked recessive lethal (SLRL) test in Drosophila melanogaster. In addition, 3-methyl-2-nitroimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (nitro-IQ), 2-nitrofluorene and 1,8-dinitropyrene were also assayed in the wing spot test. IQ was clearly mutagenic in the SLRL test with highest activity in spermatids. Iso-IQ was more active than IQ whereas demethyl-IQ was inactive in this test. The same pattern of results was obtained in the wing SMART: iso-IQ produced greater than 2-fold higher frequencies of spots than IQ and demethyl-IQ was clearly negative. In addition, nitro-IQ exhibited an approximately equal genotoxic activity as IQ. 2-Nitrofluorene and 1,8-dinitropyrene were both inactive in the wing spot test. These data provide good evidence for a correlation of genotoxic effects in germinal and somatic cells, and for the practical advantage of the wing spot test in Drosophila. Moreover, the results show structure-activity relationships among the heterocyclic aromatic amines and nitro compounds similar to those found in Salmonella.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Würgler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000633:toxicity*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D009153:Mutagens; D011804:Quinolines; C029216:2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline