HIV-1 serologic test results for one million newborn dried-blood specimens: assay performance and implications for screening.
In a population-based national survey conducted in 1988-90, more than one million neonatal dried-blood specimens were tested for maternal antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and Western blot tests were performed in 20 state laboratories following standardized procedures. The observed predictive value of a repeatedly reactive EIA results closely coincided with that expected on the basis of manufacturer's estimates of test sensitivity and specificity for dried-blood specimens. Of the 2,845 EIA-reactive specimens tested by Western blot, 1,323 (47%) were positive, 1,270 (45%) were negative, and 252 (9%) were indeterminate. False-positive EIA and indeterminate Western blot results occurred at rates independent of seroprevalence. These data help characterize the results to be expected from screening of similar low-seroprevalence populations and constitute a base line for the detection of systematic testing errors.
Gwinn
M
M
Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Redus
M A
MA
Granade
T C
TC
Hannon
W H
WH
George
J R
JR
D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000592:standards; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards
D015483:HIV Antibodies