title: Controlling the swimming speed of human sperm by varying the incubation temperature and its effect on cervical mucus penetration.
abstract: The objective of the present experiments was to study the effect of sperm velocity as a single variable on the ability of sperm to penetrate cervical mucus in a modified Kremer test. Sperm incubated at 13, 22 and 37 degrees C exhibited progressive velocities of 25 +/- 1.7, 40 +/- 2.1 and 56 +/- 2.1 microns sec-1 (mean +/- SEM, n = 6) respectively, but the percentage of progressively motile sperm, their lateral head displacement and the viscoelastic properties of cervical mucus remained comparatively unchanged over this temperature range. The number of sperm which penetrated the mucus and the percentage of successful collisions were correlated strongly with the average velocity of the sperm population (r = 0.82 and r = 0.72 respectively). It is concluded that sperm velocity has an important influence on the penetration of cervical mucus because it governs the frequency of collisions with the mucus interface and is determined by the thrust generated by the flagellum which also determines the ability of the sperm to traverse the mucus interface.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Michaels Hospital, Bristol, U.K.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ponting
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hull
mesh_terms: D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology*; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009093:Mucus / Q000166:cytology*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature