title: Toxicosis in dairy cattle exposed to poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) in hay: isolation of Conium alkaloids in plants, hay, and urine.
abstract: Cattle in two herds developed signs of bloating, increased salivation and lacrimation, depression, respiratory distress, ataxia, and death after ingestion of hay that contained large amounts of poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). Twenty of 30 Angus cows and calves were affected in the first herd (2 died). In the second herd, 5 of 30 Holstein heifers were affected (1 died). The Conium alkaloids, coniine and gamma-coniceine, were quantified in the hay, the plants from the responsible hayfield, and the urine of affected animals.
authors.affiliation: California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System-Toxicology Laboratory, University of California, Davis 95616.
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Galey
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Holstege
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005260:Female; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000737:chemistry; D010880:Piperidines; D010939:Plant Poisoning / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010947:Plants, Toxic / Q000737:chemistry; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D010880:Piperidines; C007112:coniine