title: Combination of nifedipine and carteolol compared to nifedipine alone in diurnal blood pressure variation and exercise blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.
abstract: A combination of nifedipine (40 mg twice daily) plus carteolol (10 mg twice daily) was compared with nifedipine monotherapy in ten patients with essential hypertension. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring over 24 hours and treadmill exercise testing were performed before treatment with nifedipine (but after the placebo period), after four weeks of nifedipine treatment, and after four weeks of nifedipine+carteolol combination therapy. At the end of nifedipine monotherapy, 24-hour average ambulatory BP, minimum ambulatory BP during sleep, maximum ambulatory BP, and casual BP all decreased significantly (P less than 0.01). However, the standard deviation (SD) of the ambulatory BP was not affected. The change in systolic BP response to treadmill exercise increased. After a four-week period of nifedipine+carteolol combination therapy, average ambulatory BP and maximum ambulatory BP were further decreased (P less than 0.01). The SD of the ambulatory BP and the change in BP response to exercise were significantly decreased (P less than 0.01), but the minimum ambulatory BP was not affected. These findings suggest that nifedipine and carteolol differ in their influence on diurnal BP variation and on exercise-induced BP elevation. Carteolol may mainly attenuate stress-induced BP elevation and have little influence on nocturnal BP decline. In contrast, nifedipine may affect the BP profile uniformly over the entire day. Nifedipine+carteolol combination therapy may be superior to nifedipine monotherapy because carteolol has a minimal effect on nocturnal BP and decreases stress-induced BP elevation.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ozono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kainouchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuchioka
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kajiyama
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002354:Carteolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002354:Carteolol; D009543:Nifedipine