title: Selective preglomerular constriction to nerve stimulation in rat hydronephrotic kidneys.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to quantitate the constrictor responses of pre- vs. postglomerular microvessels during brief increases in renal nerve activity by directly observing the intact microcirculation. To validate the use of the rat hydronephrotic kidney model for this purpose, the vascular reactivity of hydronephrotic kidneys, and normal kidneys was assessed to adrenergic and neural stimulation by quantitating whole kidney blood flow velocity changes elicited by intravenous administration of norepinephrine, electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus, and direct renal nerve stimulation. Hydronephrotic and nonhydronephrotic kidneys responded comparably to norepinephrine and posterior hypothalamic stimulation; however, the hydronephrotic kidneys were less responsive than normal kidneys to direct renal nerve stimulation. In the microcirculatory experiments, stimulation of the splanchnic nerve (2-8 Hz) induced a frequency-dependent constriction of interlobular arteries and afferent arterioles. Preglomerular vessel diameters decreased by 42-53% during the 8-Hz stimulation, whereas the efferent arteriolar diameters did not significantly change. Thus, constriction of preglomerular vessels mediates, in large part, the changes in renal hemodynamics evoked by increases in renal sympathetic nerve activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40292.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Porter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007034:Hypothalamus, Posterior / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000294:innervation*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000098:blood supply*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012016:Reference Values; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D009638:Norepinephrine