title: Reaction of the avian respiratory system to intratracheally administered avirulent Salmonella typhimurium.
abstract: Chickens were inoculated intratracheally (IT) with the SR-11 Salmonella typhimurium deletion mutant x4062 strain. Data collected for 8 days postinoculation (PI) were: signs of respiratory and gastrointestinal disease; histological lesions; the influx, phagocytic proportion, and phagocytic capacity of avian respiratory phagocytes (ARPs); and the proportion of granulocytes vs. macrophages in the lung tissues and lavage fluids of the lungs and air sacs. S. typhimurium-inoculated chickens had no clinical signs of gastrointestinal or respiratory disease but had various degrees of inflammatory changes in the lungs. At 5 hr PI, S. typhimurium-inoculated chickens had approximately 53-fold more ARPs than mock-inoculated controls. Between 26 hr and 8 days PI, the number of ARPs from S. typhimurium-inoculated birds was not significantly higher than the number from the mock-inoculated controls. Flow cytometric analysis of ARPs demonstrated that the proportion of phagocytic ARPs and the phagocytic capacity of ARPs from S. typhimurium-inoculated chickens were significantly higher between 5 and 26 hr PI than those of the ARPs from mock-inoculated chickens. Kinetic changes over 8 days in the granulocyte/macrophage ratios in the lavage fluids, as compared with kinetic changes in the lung tissues, suggested that the granulocytes generally represent a much higher proportion of the ARPs, and egress earlier and in much larger numbers from the tissues to the lumen of lungs and air sacs than do macrophages.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curtiss
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Veit
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Pyle
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D002645:Chickens; D005260:Female; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity