title: Long-term follow-up of cardiovascular risk factors in patients given chemotherapy for disseminated nonseminomatous testicular cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess cardiovascular risk factors over time in patients who received chemotherapy for disseminated testicular cancer and were apparently cured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven consecutive patients (median age, 28 years; range, 16 to 43 years) who received cisplatin-containing chemotherapy between 1978 and 1985.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, kidney function, and hormonal status were monitored during follow-up after chemotherapy (median follow-up, 88 months; range, 56 to 143 months). The BMI and cholesterol values obtained 4 to 6 years after chemotherapy were compared with values from a sample of healthy, age-matched Dutch men; the cholesterol level was also compared with that of 31 patients treated with orchidectomy for stage I disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean cholesterol level in patients at the start of chemotherapy was 3.96 +/- 0.98 mmol/L [153 +/- 38 mg/dL], increasing 4 to 6 years later to 6.12 +/- 1.20 mmol/L [237 +/- 46 mg/dL] (P less than 0.001); 49 of 57 patients had an elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level (greater than 3.4 mmol/L [130 mg/dL]), with a mean level of 4.47 +/- 1.05 mmol/L [173 +/- 41 mg/dL]. Compared with a sample of healthy Dutch men, the chemotherapy group had an elevated cholesterol level (P less than 0.05). At 4 to 6 years, the mean HDL cholesterol level was 0.76 +/- 0.18 mmol/L [29 +/- 7 mg/dL], which was low compared with that of the healthy Dutch men (P less than 0.05). The mean BMI for all patients was 2.8% higher than expected 4 to 6 years after chemotherapy (P less than 0.01) but was not higher than expected 7 to 10 years after chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to other known late side effects of chemotherapy in patients with testicular cancer, hypercholesterolemia and overweight might represent risk factors for cardiovascular disease in such patients, especially in those who are younger.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gietema
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Sleijfer
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Willemse
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schraffordt Koops
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Ittersum
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Verschuren
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kromhout
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sluiter
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: de Vries
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D008055:Lipids; D002784:Cholesterol