title: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients: results of a large prospective randomized treatment trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) with pentamidine in the therapy of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with AIDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  TMP-SMX (TMP, 20 mg/kg/day plus SMX, 100 mg/kg/day) was compared with pentamidine (4 mg/kg/day), both administered intravenously for 21 days in a prospective randomized treatment trial of 163 patients diagnosed with PCP between November 1984 and May 1988.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-two evaluable patients received TMP-SMX as initial therapy; 68 received pentamidine. Failure to complete therapy was common. Of those receiving TMP-SMX, 39 (42%) required change in therapy because of failure to respond, and an additional 31 (34%) because of drug toxicity. This compared with 27 (40%; P = 0.733) and 17 (25%; P = 0.235), respectively, in the pentamidine-treated group. The overall survival rates were similar in the two groups, 62 out of 92 (67%) initially administered TMP-SMX versus 50 out of 68 (74%) initially administered pentamidine (P = 0.402). The survival rates for patients requiring a change in therapy because of failure to respond was 46% (18 out of 39) for the TMP-SMX group compared with 56% (15 out of 27) for the pentamidine group. When a change in therapy was made because of toxicity, survival rates were 97% (30 out of 31) for those receiving TMP-SMX versus 94% (16 out of 17) for those receiving pentamidine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMP-SMX and pentamidine are of equivalent efficacy as initial therapies for PCP in patients with AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Duncanson
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lenox
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Forszpaniak
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Sherer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quentzel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nunez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kawwaff
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pitta-Alvarez
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010419:Pentamidine; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination