title: Inositol supplementation in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inositol influences cellular function and organ maturation. Feeding premature infants inositol-rich breast milk increases their serum inositol concentrations. Whether inositol supplementation benefits infants receiving fluids for parenteral nutrition, which are inositol-free, is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial to determine the effects of administering inositol (80 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) during the first five days of life to 221 infants with respiratory distress syndrome who were receiving parenteral nutrition (gestational age, 24 to 32 weeks; birth weight, less than 2000 g). All the infants were treated with mechanical ventilation and some with surfactant as well. The primary end point was survival at 28 days without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 114 patients given inositol had significantly lower mean requirements for inspiratory oxygen (P less than 0.01) and mean airway pressure (P less than 0.05) from the 12th through the 144th hour of life than did the 107 infants given placebo. Eighty-one infants given inositol and 51 given placebo survived without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (71 vs. 55 percent; P = 0.005). In the 65 infants given surfactant, however, inositol had no effect on the degree of respiratory failure. Thirteen infants given inositol and 21 given placebo had retinopathy of prematurity (13 vs. 26 percent; P = 0.022); none of the infants given inositol had stage 4 disease, whereas 7 of those given placebo did (0 vs. 9 percent; P = 0.012). Among the infants given placebo, those who had poor outcomes (death, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity) had lower serum inositol concentrations during days 2 through 7 than those who had good outcomes (P less than 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of inositol to premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome who are receiving parenteral nutrition during the first week of life is associated with increased survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia and with a decreased incidence of retinopathy of prematurity.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bry
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoppu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lappi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pohjavuori
mesh_terms: D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000517:prevention & control; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007294:Inositol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000032:analysis; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000517:prevention & control; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical
chemical_list: D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D007294:Inositol