title: Pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in hypothalamic amenorrhea, anorexia nervosa, and polycystic ovarian disease during naltrexone treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if chronic treatment with the long-acting oral opioid antagonist naltrexone can increase luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in women with secondary amenorrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Large reproductive endocrinology unit of an academic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of women with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea: (1) hypothalamic amenorrhea; (2) anorexia nervosa; and (3) polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Naltrexone 50 mg every day for 4 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Luteinizing hormone pulse pattern, frequency and amplitude, mean LH and FSH levels, measured by serial blood sampling over a 6-hour period before and after naltrexone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Naltrexone caused a significant increase (P less than 0.05) of the LH pulse frequency in patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea and in PCOD but not in anorexia nervosa. The mean levels of LH and FSH and LH pulse amplitudes were not significantly changed by naltrexone. The naltrexone nonresponders were underweight either because of simple weight loss or anorexia nervosa and had low levels of estradiol and an LH pulse pattern similar to the luteal one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The luteal LH pulse pattern in weight loss-related amenorrhea is caused by a nonopioid, undernutrition-linked factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Armeanu
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Berkhout
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schoemaker
mesh_terms: D000204:Activity Cycles; D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011863:Radioimmunoassay
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D009271:Naltrexone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone