title: Fractional excretion of electrolytes in lactating dairy cows.
abstract: Samples of serum and urine were obtained simultaneously from 56 healthy lactating cows to determine ranges of fractional excretion (FE) of calcium (Ca), phosphate (PO4), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl). Samples were obtained at 3 stages of lactation: period 1 = 1 to 7 days, 2 = 83 to 112 days, and 3 = 175 to 197 days. The FE of electrolytes were significantly different among periods 1, 2, and 3 for Ca (P less than 0.001), PO4 (P less than 0.025) and Mg (P less than 0.025), but were not significantly different for Na, K, and Cl. Least squares mean FE of Ca was lowest in period 1 and not significantly different for periods 2 and 3, whereas mean FE values for PO4 and Mg were highest in period 2 and not significantly different for periods 1 and 3. The mean FE values of Na, K, and Cl did not change with stage of lactation. Age and category of milk production (high, medium, and low) did not influence the FE values of the electrolytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Animal and Equine Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brownie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rakes
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McDaniel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology / Q000652:urine*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000652:urine; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000652:urine*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000652:urine; D010710:Phosphates / Q000652:urine; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D012016:Reference Values; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D004573:Electrolytes; D010710:Phosphates; D012964:Sodium; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium