title: Life-style factors do not explain racial differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: the Minnesota Heart Survey.
abstract: We analyzed data from a population-based survey to determine whether serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations are different in blacks and whites after controlling for life-style characteristics. We studied a total of 741 white men, 453 black men, 786 white women, and 572 black women age 35-74 years. Age-adjusted HDL-C concentrations were higher in black than white men (48.6 vs 40.8 mg/dl) and in black than white women (56.1 vs 54.0 mg/dl). Life-style characteristics associated with HDL-C in women were exogenous hormone use, average number of cigarettes smoked per day, average ounces of alcohol consumed per week, body mass index, and use of beta-blockers. Life-style characteristics associated with HDL-C levels in men included age, average number of cigarettes smoked per day, average ounces of alcohol consumed per week, body mass index, and a self-reported history of diabetes. After adjustment for life-style characteristics, black men and women had HDL-C levels 7.0 and 5.3 mg/dl higher, respectively, than whites. Body mass index was a negative confounder in women; after adjusting for body mass and age, black women had HDL-C levels 4.6 mg/dl higher than white women. These data indicate that the measured life-style factors cannot fully explain the observed differences in HDL-C between blacks and whites. These findings, which are consistent with other reports, may reflect an inability to assess life-style factors accurately and/or genetic or cultural factors yet to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sprafka
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Norsted
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Folsom
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Luepker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D044383:Black People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006951:Hyperlipoproteinemias / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL