title: Once daily cefixime compared with twice daily trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for treatment of urinary tract infection in infants and children.
abstract: We conducted a randomized prospective multicenter study to compare the safety and efficacy of once daily oral cefixime (8 mg/kg) to twice daily oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) (8/40 mg/kg/day) for the treatment of acute urinary tract infection in children ages 6 months to 13 years. Seventy-six patients (38 in each group) were studied. Thirty-seven percent were younger than 3 years of age. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate in both groups (85%). Eighty-five percent of all Gram-negative organisms were susceptible to TMP/SMX and all were susceptible to cefixime. Seventy-two percent of all patients were febrile at the time of diagnosis. Both groups were treated for 7 to 10 days. Peripheral white blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, body temperature and urinalysis returned to normal at the same rate in both groups. No failures were observed and relapse occurred in 3 cases within the 4 weeks after treatment (2 in the cefixime group and one in the TMP/SMX group). Side effects were observed in 14% of the cefixime group and 16% of the TMP/SMX group and were all mild enough not to necessitate discontinuation of therapy. We conclude that the efficacy and safety of cefixime administered once daily compared favorably with TMP/SMX administered twice daily for acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection.
authors.affiliation: Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dagan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Einhorn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pomeranz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wolach
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miron
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weinstock
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinberger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weintraub
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020682:Cefixime; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D020682:Cefixime; D002439:Cefotaxime