title: Growth hormone treatment of adults with growth hormone deficiency: results of a 13-month placebo controlled cross-over study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to study the effect of biosynthetic growth hormone (GH) replacement in growth hormone deficient adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study of 6 months biosynthetic GH, replacement and 6 months placebo separated by a 1-month's washout period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen growth hormone deficient adults were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured total body weight, percentage fat mass, lean body mass, muscle volume, exercise capacity, maximum oxygen consumption, muscle strength, bone mineral content, a number of biochemical parameters, IGF-I, GH antibodies and psychological well-being.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total body weight remained unchanged, but lean body mass increased (before GH mean +/- SEM 49.8 +/- 5.5, after 53.4 +/- 5.6 kg; placebo before 51.2 +/- 5.4, after 50.4 +/- 5.1 kg; P less than 0.05 and fat mass decreased (before GH 21.5 +/- 4.1, after 19.3 +/- 4.3; placebo before 19.3 +/- 4.0, after 22.5 +/- 4.5 kg; P less than 0.05). Thigh muscle volume increased: (before GH 94.1 +/- 7.7, after 99.5 +/- 8.4 ml; placebo before 99.3 +/- 8.6, after 95.4 +/- 7.8 ml/0.8 mm computerized tomographic slice; P less than 0.05). Exercise capacity increased (before GH 174 +/- 15, after 199 +/- 18.9 watts; placebo before 162.5 +/- 2.3, after 154 +/- 19.8 watts; P less than 0.05), as did maximum oxygen consumption (before GH 1.93 +/- 0.2, after 2.17 +/- 0.2 l/m; placebo before 1.92 +/- 0.3, after 1.98 +/- 0.2 l/m; P less than 0.05). There was no change in quadriceps muscle strength. Alkaline phosphatase increased (before GH 87.5 (32-158), after 106.0 (49-179) U/I, placebo 99.5 (50-145), after 72.0 (40-111) U/I; P less than 0.05) without a change in the spinal bone density. IGF-I increased (before GH 62 (36-97), after 216 (62-362) micrograms/l; placebo before 59 (52-112), after 60.5 (38-94) micrograms/l; P less than 0.05). Carbohydrate tolerance remained unchanged as did fasting lipids, serum sodium, potassium, urea, calcium, phosphate and liver transaminases. Psychological well-being remained unchanged. No growth hormone antibodies were detected before or after GH treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GH alters the body composition of growth hormone deficient adults and leads to improved exercise capacity; alkaline phosphatase activity increases but without a change in spinal bone density, and carbohydrate tolerance remains unaltered.
authors.affiliation: Sir George E. Clark Metabolic Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boreham
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: McIlrath
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sheridan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hadden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013006:Growth Hormone; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase