title: Communicating septate uterus with double cervix: a rare malformation.
abstract: The class of uterine malformations known as communicating uteri is characterized by two separate uterocervical cavities connected by an isthmic communication. Nine types have been described. We report the second proven case of a septate communicating uterus with double cervix. Investigation of secondary infertility in a woman with a history of second-trimester spontaneous abortion revealed two cervices on a speculum examination. A work-up for uterine anomaly began with endovaginal sonography, which demonstrated a normal fundal contour. A septum symmetrically dividing the endometrial cavity and two cervical canals were seen. The separated endometrial echoes converged at the isthmus, indicating a communicating uterus. Hysterosalpingography confirmed the diagnosis; injection of each cervix resulted in opacification of both hemicavities via the isthmic defect. Laparoscopy confirmed the normal fundal contour. It is believed that the etiology of this malformation involves failure of fusion of the distal müllerian ducts and arrested septal resorption above the isthmus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lev-Toaff
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Toaff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging