title: Tap or bottled water consumption and spontaneous abortion in a case-control study of reporting consistency.
abstract: A recent case-control study of 1,926 women found a slightly increased risk of spontaneous abortion associated with reported consumption of tapwater and a decreased risk with reported consumption of bottled water. In a case-control study of spontaneous abortion designed to examine the consistency of prenatal exposure reporting, the association of spontaneous abortion with tap or bottled water consumption was also examined. Cases of spontaneous abortion (N = 100) were ascertained from hospital pathology reports, and pregnant controls (N = 200) were obtained from obstetrical appointment logs. Subjects were first interviewed approximately 24 weeks after their last menstrual period and again approximately 48 weeks after their last menstrual period. Neither an increased risk for spontaneous abortion associated with consumption of tapwater nor a protective effect for consumption of bottled water was observed. Changes in reporting of tapwater consumption from the first to the second interview suggest the possibility of differential reporting in cases and controls. There was no evidence suggesting biased reporting of bottled water consumption.
authors.affiliation: Special Epidemiological Studies Program, California Department of Health Services, Berkeley 94704.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fenster
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Windham
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Neutra
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001071:Appointments and Schedules; D015982:Bias; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D009774:Obstetrics; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010337:Pathology Department, Hospital; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards*