title: Symptoms related to abnormal tonic state: experimental results and computer simulations.
abstract: There have been numerous attempts to relate tonic accommodation and tonic vergence and their adaptive capabilities to a variety of parameters in vision science and clinical optometry. In this paper, investigations attempting to correlate the tonic state with nearwork symptoms will be reviewed. Results suggest that tonic vergence is more closely linked to near symptoms than is tonic accommodation. The results will be discussed in terms of a steady-state model of accommodation and vergence.
authors.affiliation: State College of Optometry, State University of New York, New York.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ciuffreda
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011681:Pupil Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology