title: Clubfeet associated with hydrocephalus: new evidence of gradual dynamic development in utero.
abstract: Clubfoot, a relatively frequent congenital malformation, may be associated with several genetic syndromes or other malformations, or may appear as an isolated idiopathic anomaly. We describe the intrauterine development of clubfeet subsequent and in parallel to fetal hydrocephalus formation, as followed by serial transvaginal sonographic scans at 11-16 weeks' gestation. The possibility of a causal relationship between the central nervous system malformation and the clubfeet is suggested. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of the dynamic, in vivo fetal development of hydrocephalus and clubfeet at 11-16 weeks' gestation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology A, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bronshtein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liberson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lieberson
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Blumenfeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal