title: Premalignant and early carcinomas of the penis and scrotum.
abstract: Premalignant penile lesions are a spectrum of diseases ranging from those that are almost always benign to neoplasms that are carcinoma in situ. Balanitis xerotica obliterans is a localized variant of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. The Buschke-Löwenstein tumor is a low-grade malignancy, whereas erythroplasia of Queyrat is a carcinoma in situ. Obtaining the correct diagnosis may challenge even the skilled clinician. It is increasingly likely that papillomaviruses play a role in the development of some cases of penile carcinoma. Scrotal cancer has both historical and current significance as an indicator of occupational health. Occasionally, extramammary Paget's disease presents as a primary scrotal neoplasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Grossman
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma; D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010412:Penile Neoplasms; D011230:Precancerous Conditions; D012611:Scrotum