title: Lack of myocardial perfusion immediately after successful thrombolysis. A predictor of poor recovery of left ventricular function in anterior myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated myocardial perfusion dynamics after thrombolysis and its clinical implications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 39 patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction (AMI). Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) was performed before and immediately after successful reflow with intracoronary injection of sonicated Ioxaglate. The average segmental score by two-dimensional echocardiography (graded 0, normal, to 3, akinetic/dyskinetic) and global ejection fraction (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF%) by left ventriculography were measured at 1 day and at 4 weeks after reflow. Hypokinesis in the infarct region was assessed by the centerline method and expressed in terms of standard deviations (regional wall motion [RWM]: SD/chord) of normal. Immediately after reflow, 30 of 39 patients (group A) showed significant contrast enhancement within the risk area. The other nine patients (23%, group B), however, showed the residual contrast defect in the risk area (myocardial no reflow). There were no significant differences in the elapsed time, angiographic collateral grade, and degree of residual stenosis between group A and group B. Before reflow, both groups exhibited similar levels of global and regional left ventricular function. Improvement in global (LVEF, average segmental score) and regional left ventricular function was greater in group A than in group B (average segmental score, 0.44 +/- 0.41 versus 0.97 +/- 0.36, p less than 0.01; LVEF, 56.4 +/- 13.4 versus 42.7 +/- 8.9, p less than 0.05; RWM, -1.87 +/- 0.85 versus -3.18 +/- 0.52, p less than 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCE demonstrates that angiographically successful reflow cannot be used as an indicator of successful myocardial reperfusion in AMI patients. The residual contrast defect in the risk area demonstrated immediately after reflow is a predictor of poor functional recovery of the postischemic myocardium.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Sakurabashi Watanabe Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomooka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higashino
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuyama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitabatake
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minamino
mesh_terms: D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid