Interpersonal underpinnings of request strategies: general principles and differences due to culture and gender.
Several hypotheses derived from P. Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness theory were tested with Ss from the United States and Korea. Ss imagined themselves in situations in which they were to make a request. They then indicated exactly what they would say in each situation and what their perceptions of the request size, the hearer's power, and the closeness of their relationship with the hearer were. Consistent with P. Brown and Levinson's theory, power, distance, and size contributed significantly to politeness. Significant predictor variable interactions suggested that an additive model is not appropriate. Finally, there was evidence of cultural and gender differences in the weighting of these predictor variables. These differences can partially account for cultural and gender differences in language use.
Holtgraves
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Department of Psychological Science, Ball State University, Muncie 47306.
Yang
J N
JN
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D011209:Power, Psychological; D012929:Psychological Distance; D012945:Social Values; D014481:United States; D014705:Verbal Behavior