title: [Heating fuels and respiratory diseases in the risks of female lung cancer].
abstract: Recently, lung cancer has become the first cause of death in women of Harbin. Although 90% of this cancer in man could be attributed to smoking, the etiological factors for women lung cancer still remain obscure. A case-control study consisting of 418 female lung cancer patients and 398 controls was conducted from 1985-1987. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relevancy of heating fuels and respiratory diseases in the development of lung cancer in women. After having adjusted for smoking, soft coal (OR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.53-3.33) and brazier (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.01-1.83) were found to increase the risk of female lung cancer. There was an obvious time-effect in the use of soft coal in relation to female lung cancer (TRND mean = 14.49, P less than 0.001). As to the past history of respiratory diseases, both pulmonary tuberculosis (OR = 1.81) and pulmonary emphysema (OR = 2.29) increased the risk of female lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute, Harbin Medical College, Heilongjiang.
authors.forename: X W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003031:Coal; D005260:Female; D006361:Heating / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D003031:Coal