title: Evaluating two different evaporative cooling management systems for dairy cows in a hot, dry climate.
abstract: Milk production, rectal temperature, live weight gain, reproductive performance, and weather data were obtained on 150 Holstein cows managed under two cooling systems on a large dairy farm in Saudi Arabia during the summer months. Cows were paired at the onset of the trial according to days postpartum, lactation number, and current milk production. Females were then allocated either to a system that forced air, precooled by evaporative cooling, over the cows or to a system that alternately showered a fine mist onto the surface of the cows and then forced air at ambient temperature over them. The cows receiving evaporative cooling and those with spray and fan cooling were on sand and on slatted concrete floor, respectively, during the periods of cooling. The onset of estrus was observed during the night when the cows preferred the unshaded corral. For the 120-d trial period, 84% (62 of 75) of the cows receiving evaporative cooling and 60% (44 of 75) of the cows receiving spray and fan cooling became pregnant. In the evaporative cooling system, the pregnancy rate per insemination was 35.2% (179 inseminations) versus 23.2% (194 inseminations) for spray and fan cooling. The mean postpartum interval to pregnancy was 117.6 d for the evaporative cooling cows and 146.7 d for spray and fan cooling cows. The evaporative cooling system, with its open shades and sand bedding, enhanced reproductive performance and milk production compared with that of cows cooled with a spray and fan system with slatted flooring in this hot climate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Production, University College, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kopel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Munyakazi
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Godke
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ingraham
mesh_terms: D000389:Air Conditioning; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D003889:Desert Climate; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006813:Humidity; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D007774:Lactation; D011247:Pregnancy; D012098:Reproduction; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D015430:Weight Gain