title: Diminished in vitro production of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha during acute visceral leishmaniasis and recovery after therapy.
abstract: Disturbance of T cell-mediated immunity has been reported in acute visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). In a study of 16 patients with AVL, defective production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was demonstrated in response to leishmania antigens, heat-killed Listeria organisms, and lipopolysaccharide when compared to posttherapy values or controls. This global defect in IL-1 production was corrected after successful therapy. Twelve of 16 patients responded with a greater than or equal to 2.5-fold increase in IL-1 production that correlated with clinical cure, P less than .01. Depressed production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was leishmania antigen-specific and similarly recovered after therapy. In vitro TNF production during the follow-up period did not correlate with clinical status but high serum levels were associated with AVL. Since T cells are activated by processed antigens presented on class II major histocompatibility molecules and by newly synthesized IL-1, defective IL-1 production may contribute to the immunosuppression observed in AVL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Badaró
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dinarello
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gelfand
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barral
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Netto
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D006801:Humans; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000276:immunology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D007106:Immune Sera; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha