title: Lower limb ischaemia and reperfusion alters gut permeability.
abstract: The gut may be important in the aetiology of multiple organ failure (MOF) by amplifying of the inflammatory response to trauma. We investigated the effects of the reperfusion of ischaemic lower limbs on gut permeability. Male Wistar rats (n = 30) were randomised to (group 1) controls; (group 2) 3 h bilateral hind-limb ischaemia alone; or 3 h ischaemia followed by (group 3) 15 min reperfusion or (group 4) 2 h reperfusion. Gut permeability and plasma endotoxin were measured prior to tourniquet application, immediately before tourniquet release, and following reperfusion. To evaluate the effect of the hypotension that follows tourniquet release, (group 5) sodium nitroprusside was infused in further controls to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 75 mmHg for 2 h. Horseradish peroxidase was instilled into the isolated ileo-caecal loop 15 min before the animals were killed to measure permeability of horseradish peroxidase through mucosal intercellular tight junctions by electron microscopy. Mean arterial pressure increased from 105 +/- 5 mmHg to 136 +/- 4 mmHg on tourniquet application and fell to 79 +/- 7 mmHg following reperfusion (p less than 0.05). In group 1 (controls), group 2 (ischaemia alone animals) and group 5 (ischaemia and nitroprusside) one animal out of six demonstrated permeability to horseradish peroxidase. Following reperfusion, horseradish peroxidase permeability had not developed by 15 min (group 3) but was present in all animals by 2h (group 4) (p = 0.015 Fisher's exact test). Plasma endotoxin increased from 21.8 +/- 2.0 pg ml-1 to 30.7 +/- 2.6 pg ml-1 following 2 h reperfusion (p less than 0.05 Scheffe F-test).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, U.K.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Corson
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: O'Dwyer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kirkman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: McCollum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D005552:Forelimb / Q000098:blood supply; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D015424:Reperfusion; D014111:Tourniquets
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase