title: The VASE exon downregulates the neurite growth-promoting activity of NCAM 140.
abstract: Axonal growth, guidance and synapse formation are controlled by receptors on neuronal growth cones that can recognize positive and inhibitory cues in the local microenvironment. Four well characterized receptor systems are known that recognize the growth-promoting activities associated with the extracellular matrix and the membranes of cells such as astrocytes, muscle cells and Schwann cells; these are the integrins and the homophilically binding cell adhesion molecules neural-cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), N-cadherin and L1 (refs 5-12). Alternative splicing generates 20-30 isoforms of NCAM and these can also be differentially glycosylated. There are two sites where alternative splicing changes the extracellular structure of membrane-bound NCAM and one of these (the MSD1 region) does not obviously affect function. Here we report that the variable alternatively spliced exon (VASE) in immunoglobulin domain 4 downregulates the neurite outgrowth-promoting activity of NCAM. The high level of VASE expression in the adult central as compared with peripheral nervous system could contribute to the poor regenerative capacity of the former.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Pathology, UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Moolenaar
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Ashton
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Michalides
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000502:physiology; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000502:physiology; D016501:Neurites / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D012794:Sialic Acids; C021319:polysialic acid