title: Risk factors for mortality from lower respiratory infections in nursing home patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the factors that predict whether nursing home residents with lower respiratory infection (LRI) will do well or poorly, although this information is critically important when making treatment decisions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using nursing home and hospital medical records, we performed a case-control study to identify risk factors for death from LRI among residents of a 110-bed, midwestern community nursing home. Three experienced geriatricians aided in the development of an operational definition of an LRI. In a 3 1/2-year period, we identified 26 cases in which the patients died from LRI and 66 control episodes in which the patients recovered from LRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those who survived, those who died were 14 times more likely to be totally dependent with respect to activities of daily living (ADL) than the group of patients least ALD-dependent (odds ratio [OR] = 14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 2.85 to 68.87). After adjusting for ADL, mortality was significantly decreased when a broad-spectrum oral antibiotic (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefaclor, amoxicillin-clavulanate, or ciprofloxacin) was used as the initial therapy (OR = .14; 95% CI = .02 to .81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Better functional status and initial therapy with broad-spectrum oral antibiotics were strong predictors of surviving an LRI in this population of nursing home patients. The antibiotic effect may be a treatment effect or the consequence of underlying factors leading physicians to select particular antibiotics; however, it appears possible to identify low-risk persons who do not require the aggressive treatment and hospitalization that is often recommended for these patients. An approach to the treatment of nursing home LRI is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mehr
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foxman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colombo
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents