title: Metabolic and cardiodynamic responses of isolated turtle hearts to ischemia and reperfusion.
abstract: We used 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure intracellular pH, high energy phosphates, and lactate levels in hearts of turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii) subjected to 1.5 h of global ischemia followed by reperfusion. We simultaneously monitored maximum ventricular developed pressure (Pmax), maximal rate of pressure development (dP/dtmax), rate-pressure product (RPP), cardiac output, and heart rate and also measured lactate efflux from the hearts during reperfusion. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that turtle hearts would prove tolerant of prolonged global ischemia at 20 degrees C and would recover completely on reperfusion without any indication of ischemia-or reperfusion-related injury. The 1.5 h of ischemia resulted in decreases in phosphocreatine and ATP to 31.4 +/- 2.8 and 87.3 +/- 6.3% of control, respectively, while Pi rose to 236.6 +/- 26.3%. Intracellular pH decreased during this period from 7.38 +/- 0.02 to 6.87 +/- 0.04. Most of these changes occurred during the first 30 min. Tissue lactate rose during 1.5 h of ischemia from approximately 1.5 to 22.3 mumol/g wet tissue wt. However, the rate of lactate production was much higher during the first 21 min of ischemia (0.41 mumol.g-1.min-1) than during the remaining 70 min (0.10 mumol.g-1.min-1). With the onset of ischemia, Pmax, dP/dtmax, RPP, and heart rate all decreased dramatically with roughly the same time course as the changes in high-energy phosphates and intracellular pH. On reperfusion, turtle hearts rapidly restored high-energy phosphates, intracellular pH, lactate, and cardiodynamics to control levels, usually within 15-30 min, with no evidence of reperfusion injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wasser
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Meinertz
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Lawler
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014426:Turtles
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates