title: Lithium treatment: prescribing and monitoring habits in hospital and general practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define current clinical practice of lithium prescribing and monitoring and to compare hospital based practice with general practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of doctors' practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychiatric hospital day and outpatient facilities and general practices in Edinburgh and Midlothian district (population 600,000).
  
  
  METHODS
  458 patients taking lithium who had been stabilised and who remained as outpatients during the year of study. 219 were treated by their general practitioner and 190 by the hospital; 49 had shared care or care transferred during the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Daily dose, duration of treatment, psychiatric diagnosis, mean annual serum lithium concentration, frequency of occurrence of and response to raised serum concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with hospital doctors general practitioners were more likely to prescribe lithium three or more times daily (43/219 (general practice) v 10/190 (hospital); chi 2 = 18.6, p = 0.001) and to estimate serum concentrations less frequently (4.5 v 5.3 measurements/year; t = 3.04, p = 0.003), and their patients were more likely to experience raised lithium concentrations (39/219 v 17/190; chi 2 = 6.8, p = 0.01). One third of doctors made no response to raised lithium concentrations in the next six weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  General practitioners and hospital doctors care for similar types of patients and the stringency of lithium surveillance varies greatly among doctors. Certain aspects of practice give cause for concern and could be improved by following more uniform guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Royal Edinburgh Hospital.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Kehoe
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mander
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012606:Scotland; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008094:Lithium