title: Patients with evidence of coronary endothelial dysfunction as assessed by acetylcholine infusion demonstrate marked increase in sensitivity to constrictor effects of catecholamines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization have demonstrated that normal coronary arteries dilate and atherosclerotic arteries constrict in response to exercise and the cold pressor test, but the mechanisms are unknown. These vasomotor responses are mirrored by the vasomotor response to the endothelium-dependent agent acetylcholine. Exercise and the cold pressor test are associated with adrenergic stimulation and increased circulating catecholamines. The present study tested the hypothesis that coronary arteries with intact endothelial function are relatively resistant to the constrictor effects of catecholamines, whereas arteries with loss of endothelial function have increased sensitivity to catecholamine-induced constriction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vasomotor function of the coronary endothelium was assessed by serial acetylcholine infusions (final concentration, 10(-8) to 10(-6) M) in 30 segments in 15 patients with minimal or no evidence of coronary atherosclerosis. The acetylcholine responses were related to the vasomotor response to intracoronary phenylephrine infusion (final concentration, 10(-9) to 10(-6) M) in the same segments. In the group of 18 segments that constricted to acetylcholine, there was a constrictor response to phenylephrine at an approximately 100-fold lower concentration than the group of 12 segments that did not constrict to acetylcholine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the endothelial dysfunction that characterizes early and late atherosclerosis is associated with a marked increase in sensitivity to the constrictor effects of catecholamines. This finding may explain the constrictor responses of atherosclerotic coronary arteries to exercise and the cold pressor test. In stenotic coronary arteries this mechanism may play a role in the production of myocardial ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Brockton/West Roxbury Veterans Administration Medical Center, Boston, Mass. 02115.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vita
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Treasure
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: V I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Vekshtein
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Fantasia
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ganz
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Selwyn
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010656:Phenylephrine; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010656:Phenylephrine; D000109:Acetylcholine