title: Confronting the issues of patient safety and investigator conflict of interest in an international clinical trial of myocardial reperfusion. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) Steering Committee.
abstract: The Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) trial is a large scale international trial of new myocardial reperfusion strategies. The primary hypothesis is that early and sustained coronary artery recanalization will be associated with a significant reduction in mortality. The four regimens that are being tested are 1) streptokinase with subcutaneous heparin; 2) streptokinase with intravenous heparin; 3) accelerated recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) with intravenous heparin; and 4) combination streptokinase, rt-PA and intravenous heparin. The planned recruitment of 41,600 patients in 1,500 sites from 15 countries is expected to be completed by December 1992 and will enable detection of a 15% reduction or 1% absolute difference in mortality compared with that associated with standard therapy (streptokinase and subcutaneous heparin). In designing the trial, two important issues were directly addressed. First, a strategy was developed to provide assurance of patient safety during large scale investigational use of an aggressive thrombolytic regimen. This includes fascimile transmission of a one-page safety summary form to the Data Coordinating Center within 24 h of death or discharge, acceptance of the concept of "net clinical benefit" and close surveillance of the trial's progress by the independent Data and Safety Monitoring Committee. Second, to avoid potential conflict of interest beyond elimination of any position of financial equity, the Steering Committee unanimously voted to prohibit any honoraria for speaking engagements, payment for consultancy or travel or reimbursement of any kind from any of the five corporate sponsors until 1 year after publication of the results. Incorporation of these approaches may facilitate the design of future large scale randomized trials in cardiovascular medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van de Werf
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kleiman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simoons
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbash
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004345:Drug Industry; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D038622:Internationality; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015588:Observer Variation; D018579:Patient Selection; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects; D012107:Research Design; D035842:Research Subjects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012449:Safety; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000009:adverse effects*; D036302:Therapeutic Human Experimentation; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006493:Heparin; D013300:Streptokinase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator