title: Procedures in the evaluation of chest disease.
abstract: The evaluation of chest disease may require one or more procedures. Bronchoscopy, both rigid and flexible, mediastinoscopy, mediastinotomy, chest tube drainage, lung biopsy, thoracoscopy, and pleural biopsy are described, with indications, contraindications, and results detailed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: McElvein
mesh_terms: D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods; D015505:Chest Tubes; D006801:Humans; D007440:Intubation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008481:Mediastinoscopy / Q000379:methods; D010994:Pleura / Q000473:pathology; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods