Tips of the trade. Locating and protecting the axillary nerve in shoulder surgery: the tug test.
Because of the primary importance of the deltoid muscle to shoulder function, injury to the axillary nerve must be carefully avoided during reconstructive shoulder procedures. This paper describes a systematic technique for locating and protecting the axillary nerve.
Flatow
E L
EL
Shoulder Service, New York Orthopaedic Hospital, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York.
Bigliani
L U
LU
D001365:Axilla / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*