title: Blood flow of the areola and breast skin flaps during reduction mammaplasty as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry.
abstract: Blood flow changes during reduction mammaplasty were studied using laser Doppler flowmetry. Twenty-one patients (39 breasts) were entered into the study. Eight patients underwent a modified Skoog mammaplasty, 6 a central glandular pedicle mammaplasty, 2 an inferior pyramidal dermal flap mammaplasty, and 5 a glandular resection with free nipple grafts. Laser Doppler flowmetry was performed preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, 24 hours postoperatively, 48 hours postoperatively, and 2 weeks postoperatively. Laser Doppler flowmetry values (in milliliters per minute per 100 grams) measured at the areola declined by 23% (Skoog), 18% (central pedicle), and 21% (inferior pyramidal), in the immediate postoperative period. Values at 48 hours were 31% below baseline (Skoog), 14% below baseline (central pedicle), and 60% below baseline (inferior pyramidal). Values at 2 weeks postoperatively were 12% below baseline (Skoog), 2% above baseline (central pedicle), and 44% below baseline (inferior pyramidal). The free nipple grafts showed an 89% rise above baseline at 2 weeks. One patient's procedure was changed to a free nipple graft after a 92% Doppler flow reduction during a Skoog mammaplasty. The free nipple graft had the greatest blood flow. The central pedicle mammaplasty showed the least decline in areolar flow. The inferior pyramidal mammaplasty showed the greatest decline. Laser Doppler flowmetry is a clinically useful tool for monitoring intraoperative and postoperative nipple/areolar blood flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pool
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gellis
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vasileff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007834:Lasers; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013997:Time Factors