title: Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor and feed intake on energy metabolism in growing beef steers: net nutrient metabolism by portal-drained viscera and liver.
abstract: Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and intake on net nutrient metabolism by portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver were measured in six growing Hereford x Angus steers fed a 75% concentrate diet at two intakes in a split-plot design with 4-wk saline or GRF injection periods within 8-wk intake periods. Daily rations were fed as 12 equal meals delivered every 2 h. Steers were injected s.c. for 21 d with either saline or 10 micrograms/kg of (1-29)NH2 human GRF at 12-h intervals. Six hourly measurements of net nutrient flux (venous-arterial concentration different [VA] x blood flow) across PDV and liver were obtained 8 to 10 d after injections began. Energy and N balances were measured using respiration calorimetry during the last week of injections. Greater intake increased blood flow (P less than .01) and net visceral release or removal of most nutrients (P less than .10). Exceptions included a decrease (P less than .10) in net PDV glucose release with greater intake in saline-treated steers and a decrease (P less than .01) in net liver removal of lactate with greater intake. Treatment of steers with GRF decreased net liver removal of alpha-amino N (AAN; P less than .05) and ammonia N (NH3N; P less than .10) and release of urea N (UN; P less than .05), increased liver release of glutamate (P less than .05), and decreased net PDV release of NH3 N (P less than .10). Decreased liver extraction ratio for AAN in GRF-treated steers (P less than .01) implies a direct effect of GRF treatment on liver metabolism separate from changes in liver AAN supply. Proportions of body N retention not accounted for by net total splanchnic AAN release increased with GRF treatment. This suggests a change in peripheral utilization of dietary AAN supply or an increase in total splanchnic N retention.
authors.affiliation: Ruminant Nutrition Laboratory, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lapierre
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Tyrrell
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Elsasser
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Staples
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaudreau
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brazeau
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D014781:Viscera / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007773:Lactates; D000641:Ammonia; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone