title: Iontophoresis of lidocaine for anesthesia during pulsed dye laser treatment of port-wine stains.
abstract: Port-wine stains may be effectively ablated using the pulsed dye laser emitting at a wavelength of 577 or 585 nm. However, the discomfort of this therapy may be severe enough to require reduction of treatment duration thereby increasing the need for repeat sessions. Currently available methods of anesthesia or sedation for pulsed dye laser therapy have drawbacks to their use. We performed a prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the iontophoresis of lidocaine HCl 4% and lidocaine HCl 4% with epinephrine 1:50,000 for local anesthesia during pulsed dye laser ablation of port-wine stains. Eleven patients with port-wine stains completed the initial phase of the study. Pain scale evaluation by patients demonstrated significant decreases in the discomfort of pulsed dye laser impulses by the iontophoresis of lidocaine HCl 4% and lidocaine HCl 4% with epinephrine 1:50,000 (P less than .0001), with no significant difference between these treatments. Follow-up evaluation suggests that iontophoresis has no detrimental effect on pulsed dye laser ablation of port-wine stains, despite significant decreases in perfusion, as measured by laser Doppler velocimetry, of port-wine stain areas receiving iontophoresis of lidocaine with epinephrine. Iontophoresis of lidocaine HCl 4% with or without epinephrine is a safe and effective method of local anesthesia for pulsed dye laser therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52240.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kennard
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Whitaker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000151:congenital / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000151:congenital / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; D004837:Epinephrine