title: Vertebral hypersegmentation in a case of the VATER association.
abstract: Associations are statistical clusterings of malformations not known to be polytopic field defects, sequences, or syndromes. The VATER association is a nonrandom association of malformations including vertebral, anal, cardiovascular, tracheoesophageal, genitourinary, and limb defects. The caudal "dysplasia" sequence of lumbosacral vertebral defects, genitourinary abnormalities, and imperforate anus overlaps the VATER association. The cloacal membrane agenesis sequence is a pattern of malformations resulting in the absence of anal, genital, and urinary orifices with associated malformations in surrounding structures. We report on a 37-week gestation liveborn male with oligohydramnios deformations, tetralogy of Fallot, "H-type" tracheoesophageal fistula, duodenal atresia, imperforate anus, urethral atresia, undescended testes, absent right kidney with a small dysplastic left kidney, a "cloacal-like" abnormality of the bladder and distal bowel, and thoracic and lumbar vertebral hypersegmentation. This patient has manifestations of the VATER association, the caudal dysplasia sequence, and the cloacal membrane agenesis sequence. We propose that some of his defects may represent a malformation sequence secondary to excessive embryonic flexion resulting from vertebral hypersegmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20889-5000.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Wulfsberg
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Phillips-Dawkins
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016104:Oligohydramnios; D011247:Pregnancy; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013577:Syndrome