title: Mechanisms of antihormone action.
abstract: The mechanisms of action of two types of anti-hormones is discussed. Type I anti-hormones comprise the antiestrogen hydroxy-tamoxifen and the antiprogestin RU486, both of which promote DNA binding of the cognate receptors and, due to the activity of one of the two transcription activation functions of the estrogen and progesterone receptors, act as mixed agonist/antagonists. Evidence supporting that ICI 164,384 is also a member of the same group is presented. Type II antagonists impair DNA binding of the corresponding receptor in vitro and, in some cases, also in vivo. Ligand-mapping, an approach to identify the site of interaction of a steroid substitution within the hormone-binding domain of the receptor has been used to identify the 11 beta-pocket of the progesterone receptor and revealed that a single amino acid is responsible for the differential antagonistic effect of RU486 in man, chicken and hamster.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du C.N.R.S., Unité 184 de Biologie, Moléculaire et de Génie Génétique de l'INSERM, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gronemeyer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benhamou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bocquel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gofflo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lerouge
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tora
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015735:Mifepristone / Q000494:pharmacology; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011372:Progestins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011372:Progestins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D015735:Mifepristone; D004958:Estradiol; C051781:ICI 164384