title: The development of the PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating): reliability and validity.
abstract: The PAR Index has been developed to provide a single summary score for all the occlusal anomalies which may be found in a malocclusion. The score provides an estimate of how far a case deviates from normal alignment and occlusion. The difference in scores between the pre- and post-treatment cases reflects the degree of improvement and, therefore, the success of treatment. Excellent reliability was exhibited within and between examiners (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, R greater than 0.91). The components of the PAR Index have been weighted to reflect current British orthodontic opinion and is flexible in that the weightings could be changed to reflect future standards and standards currently being achieved in other countries. The PAR Index offers uniformity and standardization in assessing the outcome of orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health and Development, University of Manchester.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andrews
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D002138:Calibration; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000473:pathology