title: The Eastman Standard Incisor Angulations: are they still appropriate?
abstract: The Eastman Standard values for cephalometry were first described almost 40 years ago and their derivation is not clear. The present study examines the rationale for the Standard and considers the way it was originally described. Based on a sample of 30 cases of Class I occlusions with normally related skeletal bases the mean incisor angulations were found to be exactly on the Eastman Standard, which, therefore, still remains appropriate as a basis for assessment and treatment planning in orthodontics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Queens University of Belfast, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: MacAllister
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Rock
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002680:Chin / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology*; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000473:pathology*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000473:pathology; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted