title: Methods for detecting lupus anticoagulants and their relation to thrombosis and miscarriage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the sensitivity and specificity to past thrombotic events of four different coagulation tests, which screen for lupus anticoagulant (LA), and of anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty three consecutive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were studied of whom three males and 21 females, aged 21-60 years, had a history of venous and arterial thrombosis, or miscarriage, or both. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT), kaolin clotting time (KCT), dilute aPTT and the circulating titre of anticardiolipin antibodies were investigated in the two groups of patients and in 20 healthy control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prolonged dilute aPTT was more sensitive to thromboses or miscarriages, or both than dRVVT (p less than 0.05), KCT (p less than 0.01), and aPTT (p less than 0.001). No significant differences in specificity were found among aPTT (100%), dRVVT (93%), KCT (93%) and dilute aPTT (86.2%); but aPTT and dRVVT were significantly more specific (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05, respectively) than anticardiolipin antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study shows a strong association between lupus anticoagulant and thrombosis when a very sensitive test such as the dilute aPTT is used. The combination of this assay with a very specific test such as dRVVT might enable patients with SLE at high risk of thrombosis to be identified.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine I, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saliola
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quintarelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valesini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basili
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Grandilli
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bonavita
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Violi
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D002308:Cardiolipins; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor