title: Group B streptococcal sepsis in piglets: effect of combined pentoxifylline and indomethacin pretreatment.
abstract: Group B streptococcus (GBS), a common neonatal gram-positive pathogen, causes similar pathophysiology in human newborns and neonatal animal models of sepsis. Animal models of GBS sepsis demonstrate a two-phase response: 1) an acute phase (less than 1 h) of increased pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) and reduced arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) that is associated with increased serum thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 2) a late phase (2-4 h) of persistently increased Ppa and reduced PaO2, reduced systemic arterial pressure, and progressive fall in cardiac output that is associated with increased serum TxB2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha). We hypothesized that pretreatment of piglets with both pentoxifylline (PTF), an inhibitor of TNF alpha production and activity, and indomethacin (INDO) would 1) inhibit GBS-induced TxB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and TNF alpha and 2) prevent both the acute- and late-phase physiologic responses of GBS sepsis. Combined PTF and INDO pretreatment of anesthetized, mechanically ventilated piglets infused with GBS (1.25 x 10(9) colony forming units/kg/h) for 4 h prevented GBS-induced increases in Ppa at 1 h (GBS + PTF + INDO: 1.8 +/- 0.07 kPa versus GBS alone: 4.7 +/- 0.1 kPa) and markedly attenuated increases in Ppa at 4 h (GBS + PTF + INDO: 2.1 +/- 0.1 kPa versus GBS alone: 4.4 +/- 0.1 kPa).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Truog
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Redding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010431:Pentoxifylline; D007213:Indomethacin