title: Interspecies comparison of cellular localization of the cyanide metabolizing enzyme rhodanese within olfactory mucosa.
abstract: The observation of high levels of xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activity in the olfactory mucosa has produced speculation on the functional significance of these enzymes in the nose. Hypothesized roles include protection of the nasal epithelium, lung, and other downstream tissues, and termination or modification of olfactory responses. The enzyme rhodanese metabolizes cyanide, which is a commonly inhaled toxicant and an odorant and therefore of interest to both toxicologists and olfactory neurobiologists. The cellular localization of this enzyme within the olfactory mucosa will have important consequences for its ability to protect specific cells, as well as its ability to alter the concentration of inhaled cyanide at receptors, and therefore could provide clues as to its function in this tissue. We have compared the distribution of this enzyme in two species, the rat and the cow, using immunohistochemical localization techniques employing species-specific polyclonal antisera raised in our laboratory. In the rat, rhodanese-like immunoreactivity was greatest within the apical portion of the sustentacular cells, the basal cells, and the duct cells of Bowman's glands. Very little to no reaction was observed in the acinar cells of Bowman's glands. In the cow, however, the acinar cells and duct cells of Bowman's glands showed intense immunoreactivity with little to no reaction observed in the sustentacular or basal cells. The differences in localization of rhodanese in these two species may have important implications for cell types at risk during inhalation of cyanide or organonitrile compounds metabolized to cyanide within the nasal mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rhoades
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bice
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Harkema
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hotchkiss
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sylvester
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dahl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D002417:Cattle; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013045:Species Specificity; D013884:Thiosulfate Sulfurtransferase / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D013884:Thiosulfate Sulfurtransferase