title: Disposition of cefpodoxime proxetil in healthy volunteers and patients with impaired renal function.
abstract: The disposition of cefpodoxime in 24 subjects with various degrees of renal function after administration of a single oral dose of 200 mg of cefpodoxime proxetil (equivalent to 200 mg of cefpodoxime activity) was studied. Subjects were assigned to one of four groups (six per group): group I, normal renal function (creatinine clearance [CLCR], greater than ml/min); group II, mild renal impairment (CLCR, 50 to 80 ml/min); group III, moderate renal impairment (CLCR, 30 to 49 ml/min); or group IV, severe renal impairment (CLCR, 5 to 29 ml/min). Although cefpodoxime terminal elimination half-life in group I (2.55 +/- 0.25 h [mean +/- standard deviation]) was not significantly different from that in group II (3.53 +/- 0.74 h), the half-life values for group III (5.90 +/- 1.67 h) and group IV (9.80 +/- 1.21 h) were significantly prolonged compared with those of group I. The mean absorption rate constant was similar among groups and ranged from 0.68 to 0.85 h-1. All groups exhibited absorption lag-times which were comparable (0.30 to 0.41 h), and the apparent volume of distribution was similar among groups. Cefpodoxime apparent total body clearance (CLP/F) values in groups II, III, and IV (132 +/- 29, 112 +/- 41, and 55.7 +/- 9.9 ml/min, respectively) were significantly lower than that in group I (238 +/- 44 ml/min). Cefpodoxime CLP/F was positively correlated with CLCR (r2 = 0.79; P less than 0.05): CLP/F = (1.9 CLCR) + 18.4. Renal clearance also declined with decreasing renal function. Adjustments in cefpodoxime organism and on the site and severity of infection. Simulated plasma concentration-time data from this study suggest that 200 mg of cefpodoxime proxetil administered every 12 to 24 h to subjects with CLcr between 30 and 49 ml/min and 200-mg dose taken every 24 h by subjects with CLcr between 5 and 29 ml/min will maintain cefpodoxime concentration in plasma similar to those in subjects with normal renal function who receive a standard dosage mg every 12 h.
authors.affiliation: Drug Evaluation Unit, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415, USA.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: St Peter
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Borin
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kelloway
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Halstenson
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D015296:Ceftizoxime / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000097627:Cefpodoxime Proxetil
chemical_list: D015296:Ceftizoxime; D003404:Creatinine; D011355:Prodrugs; D000097627:Cefpodoxime Proxetil