title: Lithium, benzodiazepines, and sexual function in bipolar patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lithium and benzodiazepines are widely used in the treatment of bipolar patients. Yet studies of the effect of these drugs on sexual function are scarce. This study surveyed sexual function in bipolar patients treated with lithium, either alone or in combination with other drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sexual function was assessed by self-rating scale in 104 outpatients (45 men and 59 women) with a DSM-III diagnosis of bipolar disorder who were attending an affective disorders clinic. All patients were under treatment with lithium, either alone (35%) or in combination with benzodiazepines (49%), tricyclic antidepressants (17%), neuroleptics (17%), tryptophan (10%), or carbamazepine (1%). The patients were in a stable and euthyroid state at the time of the assessment. Serum lithium and plasma prolactin concentrations were measured at the same time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple regression analysis revealed an association between concomitant benzodiazepine administration and sexual dysfunction scores. Difficulties in sexual functioning were significantly more common in patients treated with a combination of lithium and benzodiazepines (49%) than in those treated with either lithium alone (14%) or lithium in combination with other drugs (17%). No relationship was found between serum lithium or plasma prolactin levels and sexual dysfunction scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lithium, when given alone, did not appear to have a major effect on sexual function, whereas its combination with benzodiazepines was associated with sexual dysfunction in about half of the patients. More attention should be given to drug-induced sexual dysfunction, since its presence can have important consequences for clinical management and compliance.
authors.affiliation: Allan Memorial Institute, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ghadirian
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Annable
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bélanger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007989:Libido / Q000187:drug effects; D008094:Lithium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000139:chemically induced; D008875:Middle Aged; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000187:drug effects; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000139:chemically induced*; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000139:chemically induced; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines; D011388:Prolactin; D008094:Lithium