title: Responses of turkey poults to virginiamycin as influenced by litter condition and experimentally induced stunting syndrome.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of virginiamycin (VM, 22 mg/kg of diet) on performance of uninfected (CON) turkey poults and those infected (INO) with stunting syndrome and reared on used woodshavings (Experiment 1) or on clean or used woodshavings (Experiment 2). Virginiamycin improved BW (P less than .001) and feed efficiency (FE) (P less than .05) from 1 to 29 days of age, irrespective of type of litter or disease condition. The increase in BW induced by VM, however, was greatest when poults were kept on used litter, resulting in significant (P less than .05) VM by litter interaction. Induced stunting syndrome depressed BW (P less than .01) to 29 days of age and impaired FE from 1 to 9 days of age (P less than .05) and from 5 to 9 days of age (P less than .01) in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Virginiamycin did not prevent early adverse effects of INO on BW and FE, but facilitated notable recovery of INO poults relative to INO poults not fed VM. Virginiamycin increased specific activities of maltase and sucrase of the jejunum of CON poults in Experiments 1 and 2; in Experiment 2, this VM effect was evident irrespective of type of litter. Maltase-specific activity and sucrase were reduced by INO (P less than or equal to .05 and P less than or equal to .01 in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively) and VM did not modify this effect. The maltase and sucrase data suggest that VM improved BW and FE of CON poults, in part, by helping to maintain digestive and absorptive functions of the small intestine during the early growth period, but, in the instance of INO poults, VM was not effective in this regard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Al-Batshan
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piquer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mallarino
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Soto-Salanova
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Angel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects; D004751:Enteritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013393:Sucrase / Q000378:metabolism; D013577:Syndrome; D014422:Turkeys; D014769:Virginiamycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014769:Virginiamycin; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; D013393:Sucrase