title: Ophthalmic manifestations of head injury.
abstract: Head injuries are frequently associated with ophthalmic problems. The commonest problems seen in this series of 161 patients with head injury were problems with poor accommodation (16% of patients; 58% of these persisted), convergence (14% of patients; 35% of these persisted), pseudomyopia (19%; 55% persisted) and optic atrophy (26% of the patients; 78% of these were mild and easily missed on routine testing, and 22% were severe). Motility disorders were common, especially cranial nerve palsies. Other less frequent motility disturbances included apparent inferior oblique palsy, comitant esotropia, and exotropia which was often of the convergence insufficiency type.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Motility Clinic, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kowal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications*; D004172:Diplopia / Q000175:diagnosis; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D015840:Oculomotor Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D009896:Optic Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*