title: [Hyper- and hypocalcemia--diagnosis and therapy].
abstract: The establishment of an abnormal calcemia first requires confirmation by a second measurement that should then be interpretated in relation to albuminemia. Should the abnormality be confirmed, measurement of intact parathormone in serum can help distinguishing between a parathyroid or nonparathyroid source of origin. In presence of a plasma calcium level lower than or equal to 2.9 mmol/l regular monitoring should be investigated and aggravating factors such as thiazide diuretics, dehydration or high calcium intake avoided. If plasma calcium is greater than 3 mmol/l the patient should first be rehydrated. In case of primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroidectomy is the only effective treatment. In neoplastic hypercalcemia, bisphosphonates are the first-choice treatment when antitumoral therapy turns out to be insufficient. Hypocalcemia can be effectively corrected by calcium and by vitamin-D derivatives.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Universitätspoliklinik, Inselspital, Bern.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Casez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Villiger
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Jaeger
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D010279:Parathyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy
vernacular_title: Hyper- und Hypokalzämie--Diagnose und Therapie.