title: Effect of experimental hemorrhagic shock on hepatic drug elimination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exogenous substrates were used to measure hepatic function for the purposes of determining organ dysfunction and to evaluate the effect of experimental hemorrhagic shock with resuscitation on hepatic drug elimination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled, non-randomized crossover trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven chronically instrumented immature swine were studied using a fixed-volume hemorrhage model (45 mL/kg blood removal over 15 mins) followed by resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution at three times the volume of shed blood. One week before and immediately after hemorrhage and resuscitation, hepatic function markers (indocyanine green and antipyrine) were simultaneously administered intravenously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physiologic data and blood samples were collected over 12 hrs after drug administration. Drug clearances, volumes of distribution, and half-lives were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For indocyanine green, there was no substantial change in pharmacokinetics from preshock to postshock, suggesting minimal change in hepatic blood flow. For antipyrine, clearance was decreased by 30% after shock and resuscitation (p = .05), suggesting that oxidative metabolism was acutely impaired.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The information indicates that hepatic oxidative drug metabolism may be impaired early after hemorrhagic shock and that dosages of drugs in this class should be carefully examined when administered to patients who have sustained injury with hemorrhagic shock.
authors.affiliation: University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: DiPiro
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hooker
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gaines
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wynn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000983:Antipyrine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000097:blood*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008140:Lorazepam; D000983:Antipyrine