title: A prospective longitudinal study of depression, cognitive decline, and physical impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: A consecutive series of 105 patients with Parkinson's disease were examined for the presence of affective disorders, cognitive deficits, and impairments in activities of daily living (ADLs); 92 received the same evaluation 12 months after the initial examination. On the basis of the initial psychiatric findings, patients were divided into major, minor, and non-depressed groups. Patients with major depression showed a significantly greater cognitive decline, deterioration in ADLs, and further advance through the Hoehn and Yahr stages than patients with either minor depression or no depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pscyhiatry, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Starkstein
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Mayberg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leiguarda
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Preziosi
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies