title: Oral ketoconazole prophylaxis for Candida infections during induction therapy for acute leukaemia in adults: more bacteraemias.
abstract: We determined whether ketoconazole prophylaxis might reduce Candida colonization and infections in adult patients with acute leukaemia. During first-remission induction therapy 50 patients were treated with 200 mg ketoconazole administered orally daily, while 57 patients received placebo in a double-blind, randomized trial. The duration of severe neutropenia (granulocytes less than 0.1 x 10(9) l-1) represented 36% of the study period in the ketoconazole group and 26% in the placebo group (P = 0.043). Although fewer patients presented with positive Candida surveillance cultures and serological evidence of Candida infection in the ketoconazole group compared to the placebo group, two candidaemias and one Trichosporum fungaemia were observed in the ketoconazole group. Moreover, significantly more bacteraemias were noted in the ketoconazole group (n = 37) than in the placebo group (n = 21) (P = 0.004). Thus, although oral ketoconazole prophylaxis might be associated with less Candida colonization and fewer seroconversions, it also resulted in more bacteraemias and longer duration of severe neutropenia, suggesting that caution should be exercised when ketoconazole (or related drugs) is given to this group of immunocompromised hosts.
authors.affiliation: Leukaemia Group of Middle Sweden, Huddinge Hospital.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palmblad
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lönnqvist
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grimfors
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Järnmark
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ljungman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nyström-Rosander
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petrini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oberg
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000453:epidemiology; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D007654:Ketoconazole