title: Somatostatin analogue scintigraphy. A simple and sensitive method for the in vivo visualization of Merkel cell tumors and their metastases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trabecular carcinomas of the skin, or Merkel cell tumors, are aggressive neoplasms that tend to occur in sun-exposed skin. These tumors frequently metastasize and, despite therapy, the number of disease-related deaths is high. Ultrastructurally and immunocytochemically, the majority of these tumors have neuroendocrine characteristics. Recently, we described the in vivo visualization of various neuroendocrine tumors after injection of a radiolabeled somatostatin analogue (octreotide). In this study, we report the results of scintigraphy with radioactive-labeled somatostatin analogues in five patients with Merkel cell tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all four patients in whom tumor was detected using computed tomographic scanning and ultrasound, the tumor sites were also demonstrated on octreotide scintigrams. In one patient, a tumor with a diameter that was smaller than 0.5 cm could not be detected with octreotide scintigraphy, computed tomography, or ultrasound. Using octreotide scintigraphy we found presumed tumor spots in two patients that were not evident when other techniques were used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Octreotide scintigraphy has an equal or even greater sensitivity than computed tomography and ultrasound for detecting Merkel cell tumors and their metastases. Establishing the spread of the disease in this way may ensure an optimal choice of treatment in patients with this type of tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital Dijkzigt, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kwekkeboom
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lamberts
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Oei
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Krenning
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D015266:Carcinoma, Merkel Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015282:Octreotide; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000032:analysis; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; D015282:Octreotide