title: Evaluation of the modified zinc test and the acid phosphatase test as preliminary screening methods in sexual assault case material.
abstract: The modified zinc test and a commercially available acid phosphatase test were compared as to their screening parameters according to the microscopical finding of spermatozoa in cases of alleged sexual assault. The study involved 65 pieces of evidence material. It was found that the modified zinc test has a higher sensitivity and higher predictive values than the acid phosphatase test. However, when both tests are combined in parallel, the sensitivity and the negative predictive value could be raised to 99%. This finding suggests that a negative result obtained from the parallel combination of the modified zinc test and the acid phosphatase test predicts very well that no spermatozoa will be found at microscopical examination. Since the latter technique is the only one to give absolute proof of the seminal origin of stains or traces, the parallel combination of the zinc test and the acid phosphatase test might be useful in sorting out these cases or materials that deserve further investigation by more elaborate techniques.
authors.affiliation: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hooft
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van de Voorde
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis*; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D003020:Clothing; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth / Q000737:chemistry; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011902:Rape / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013094:Spermatozoa; D014621:Vagina / Q000737:chemistry; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D015032:Zinc