title: Continuous pleural infusion of bupivacaine offers better postoperative pain relief than does bolus administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether continuous pleural analgesia offers better postoperative pain relief than does bolus administration in postcholecystectomy patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty postcholecystectomy patients with a subcostal incision were randomly allocated to receive pleural analgesia with either a bolus regime of 20 ml 0.375% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine at four-hour intervals (bolus group), or a loading dose of 20 ml 0.375% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine immediately followed by a continuous infusion at a rate of 6 ml/hour during the first 24 hours postoperatively (infusion group). A 10-cm linear visual analog scale was used and recorded before performing pleural analgesia and at 1,6,12,18, and 24 hours subsequently. Plasma levels of bupivacaine were determined in eight patients of the infusion group. Samples were taken at 5,15,30, and 60 minutes and at 6 and 18 hours after the start of infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean visual analog scale values were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours in the infusion group. PaCO2 decreased significantly (p less than 0.001) after the block in both groups, with no difference between the groups. Plasma levels were well below toxic levels in the infusion group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous pleural analgesia offers better postoperative pain relief than does bolus administration. Pneumothorax was observed in two patients during the study.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Anestesiologia, Reanimacion y Terapeutica del Dolor, Hospital Universitario de Badalona Germans Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montero
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: F-Llamazares
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pastor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010994:Pleura; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002045:Bupivacaine