title: A specific sequence with a bulged guanosine residue(s) in a stem-bulge-stem structure of Rev-responsive element RNA is required for trans activation by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev.
abstract: We demonstrate that both the in vitro RNA binding and in vivo trans activation functions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev regulatory protein Rev require the presence of a 9-nucleotide 5'-CACUAUGGG-3' RNA motif on its cognate target, the Rev-responsive element RNA. For optimal Rev recognition, this sequence must be presented as a stem-bulge-stem structure and must contain at least two G's, one of which must be unpaired, and include some or all of the CACUAU sequence upstream of the three G's. Distal mutations which result in the base pairing of the G's eliminate the Rev response. The first G is crucial, but changes at the other G's are tolerated if at least one G is unpaired. The secondary structure or the three-dimensional orientation of the B1 and B2 stem-loops of the Rev-responsive element are not relevant as long as the 5'-CACUAUGGG-3' sequence is preserved, with at least one bulged G residue.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chavez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gerstberger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Venkatesan
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015694:Gene Products, rev / Q000378:metabolism*; D006151:Guanosine / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D015694:Gene Products, rev; D012367:RNA, Viral; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D006151:Guanosine