title: Exocytosis from permeabilized bovine adrenal chromaffin cells is differently modulated by guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate and guanosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate. Evidence for the involvement of various guanine nucleotide-binding proteins.
abstract: 1. In bovine adrenal chromaffin cells made permeable either to molecules less than or equal to 3 kDa with alphatoxin or to proteins less than or equal to 150 kDa with streptolysin O, the GTP analogues guanosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate (p[NH]ppG) and guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) differently modulated Ca(2+)-stimulated exocytosis. 2. In alphatoxin-permeabilized cells, p[NH]ppG up to 20 microM activated Ca(2+)-stimulated exocytosis. Higher concentrations had little or no effect. At a free Ca2+ concentration of 5 microM, 7 microM-p[NH]ppG stimulated exocytosis 6-fold. Increasing the free Ca2+ concentration reduced the effect of p[NH]ppG. Pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin prevented the activation of the Ca(2+)-stimulated exocytosis by p[NH]ppG. 3. In streptolysin O-permeabilized cells, p[NH]ppG did not activate, but rather inhibited Ca(2+)-dependent catecholamine release under all conditions studied. In the soluble cytoplasmic material that escaped during permeabilization with streptolysin O, different G-protein alpha-subunits were detected using an appropriate antibody. Around 15% of the cellular alpha-subunits were detected in the supernatant of permeabilized control cells. p[NH]ppG or GTP[S] stimulated the release of alpha-subunits 2-fold, causing a loss of about 30% of the cellular G-protein alpha-subunits under these conditions. Two of the alpha-subunits in the supernatant belonged to the G(o) type, as revealed by an antibody specific for G(o) alpha. 4. GTP[S], when present alone during stimulation with Ca2+, activated exocytosis in a similar manner to p[NH]ppG. Upon prolonged incubation, GTP[S], in contrast to p[NH]ppG, inhibited Ca(2+)-induced exocytosis from cells permeabilized by either of the pore-forming toxins. This effect was resistant to pertussin toxin. 5. The p[NH]ppG-induced activation of Ca(2+)-stimulated release from alphatoxin-permeabilized chromaffin cells may be attributed to one of the heterotrimeric G-proteins lost during permeabilization with streptolysin O. The inhibitory effect of GTP[S] on exocytosis is apparently not mediated by G-protein alpha-subunits, but by another GTP-dependent process still occurring after permeabilization with streptolysin O.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Neuropsychopharmacologie, Freien Universität Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ahnert-Hilger
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wegenhorst
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stecher
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spicher
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gratz
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002837:Chromaffin Granules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005089:Exocytosis; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D013301:Streptolysins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D013301:Streptolysins; C021091:staphylococcal alpha-toxin; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D002118:Calcium