title: Hydration and elevated calcium alone do not produce xylose nuclear cataract: role of proteolysis by calpain.
abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the contribution of calpain proteolytic enzyme (EC 3.4.22.17) in the formation of nuclear cataract during lens culture in xylose. Increased lens calcium was found to be required for formation of xylose nuclear cataract in our culture system. Inhibition of calpain by the cysteine protease inhibitor E64 was effective in slowing the formation of nuclear cataract, even though lens calcium and hydration were markedly elevated. These results showed that hydration and elevated calcium alone do not produce xylose nuclear cataract, and they indicated that calpain proteolysis may be necessary for xylose nuclear cataract in the rat lens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Shearer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002154:Calpain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D002386:Cataract / Q000378:metabolism*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000378:metabolism*; D007930:Leucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014994:Xylose
chemical_list: D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D014994:Xylose; D002154:Calpain; D007930:Leucine; C024974:E 64; D002118:Calcium