title: Analysis of accidents during instrument approaches.
abstract: General aviation and air taxi approach phase accidents, which occurred during Visual and Instrument Flight Rules (VFR and IFR, respectively) over the last 25 years, were analyzed. The data suggest that there is a 204% higher risk during the approach and landing phase of VFR flights, than during similar IFR operations (14.82 vs. 7.27 accidents/100,000 approaches). Alarmingly, the night single pilot IFR (SPIFR) accident rate is almost 8 times the rate of day IFR, 35.43 vs. 4.47 accidents/100,000 approaches, and two and a half times that of day VFR approaches, 35.43 vs. 14.82 accidents/100,000 approaches. Surprisingly, the overall SPIFR accident rates are not much higher than dual-pilot IFR (DPIFR), 7.27 vs. 6.48 accidents/100,000 approaches. The generally static ratio of the statistics for SPIFR/DPIFR accident rates may be accounted for by little or no change in general aviation cockpit technology during the last 25 years, and because IFR operational flight task management training has not kept pace.
authors.affiliation: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwirzke
mesh_terms: D000060:Accidents, Aviation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000401:Aircraft / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003624:Darkness; D003626:Data Display / Q000592:standards*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D014796:Visual Perception