title: Detection of mutations in insulin receptor gene by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.
abstract: Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) has been used to screen for mutations in the insulin receptor gene. Each of the 22 exons was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For each exon, one of the two PCR primers contained a guanine-cytosine (GC) clamp at its 5' end. The DNA was analyzed by electrophoresis through a polyacrylamide gel containing a gradient of denaturants. Two geometries for the gels were compared; the gradient of denaturants was oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the electric field. The sensitivity of the technique was evaluated by determining whether DGGE succeeded in detecting known mutations and polymorphisms in the insulin receptor gene. With parallel gels, 12 of 16 sequence variants were detected. The use of perpendicular gels increased the sensitivity of detection so that all 16 sequence variants were successfully detected when DNA was analyzed by a combination of perpendicular and parallel gels. Furthermore, DGGE was used to investigate a patient with leprechaunism whose insulin receptor genes had not previously been studied. Two mutant alleles were identified in this patient. The allele inherited from the father had a mutation substituting alanine for Val-28; in the allele inherited from the mother, arginine was substituted for Gly-366.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbetti
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Gejman
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raben
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cama
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonora
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pizzo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moghetti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muggeo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000032:analysis; D000483:Alleles; D001120:Arginine / Q000032:analysis; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods*; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D005820:Genetic Testing; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009691:Nucleic Acid Denaturation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D001120:Arginine; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D000409:Alanine