title: High incidence of tardive dyskinesia in older outpatients on low doses of neuroleptics.
abstract: We are conducting a prospective study of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in psychiatric patients over age 45, a large proportion of whom have had less than 1 month of total lifetime neuroleptic exposure. Patients are treated with the lowest effective dose of either haloperidol (usually 1-3 mg daily) or thioridazine (usually 25-75 mg daily). Patients are reexamined 1 month and 3 months after initial assessment and then at 3-month intervals. To date, a total of 68 patients (mean age 69.5 years) have been evaluated. Survival analysis showed a 27 percent cumulative incidence of TD (the 95% confidence interval being 14% to 40%) with 6 months of neuroleptic treatment in the study. The TD and non-TD patients did not differ on demographic and baseline clinical measures. Instrumental assessment showed that a greater proportion of TD patients had subclinical evidence of dyskinesia prior to the institution of neuroleptics, compared with non-TD patients.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panton
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Caligiuri
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Krull
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Tran-Johnson
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Jeste
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013881:Thioridazine / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D006220:Haloperidol; D013881:Thioridazine