title: Dissolving methohexital in a lipid emulsion reduces pain associated with intravenous injection.
abstract: Pain often accompanies intravenous injection of 1% methohexital. The aim of the present study was to test whether pain on injection could be reduced by dissolving methohexital in a lipid emulsion (study A) and whether this would affect anesthetic potency (study B). In study A, 24 healthy volunteers, 36 +/- 1 yr (mean +/- SE), were given 1 ml 1% methohexital in saline, 1 ml 1% methohexital in lipid emulsion, and 5 ml 0.1% methohexital in saline in random order. The injections were given in a small vein in the forearm at 5-min intervals. One minute after each injection, the subject was asked to assess the injection pain on a visual analog scale (0-100 mm). The pain score (median [range]) was 44.5 (0-77) after 1% methohexital in saline, 0.5 (0-26) after 1% methohexital in a lipid emulsion, and 1.0 (0-26) after 0.1% methohexital in saline. The pain score for 1% methohexital in saline was significantly greater than those for the other two solutions (P less than 0.001 for each comparison). In study B, 42 patients, 41 +/- 3 yr, were given 1% methohexital in lipid emulsion (n = 22) or 1% methohexital in saline (n = 20). A bolus of either solution was administered over 10 s, and the patient was considered asleep if there was no gross movement or response to verbal command 40-70 s after injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Westrin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jonmarker
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Werner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008723:Methohexital / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D012996:Solutions; D008723:Methohexital