title: [The clinical diagnosis of heart failure].
abstract: Clinical diagnosis is easily established at bedside or in the doctor's cabinet. Four clinical symptoms have to be considered: 1) functional impairment of the left ventricle, 2) intolerance to physical stress, 3) congestion and 4) ventricular arrhythmia (not covered in this paper). History provides the keys for 1, 2 and 3, physical examination for 1 and 3, electrocardiography under exercise for 2 and chest X-ray for 3.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Steinbrunn
mesh_terms: D004487:Edema / Q000503:physiopathology; D005080:Exercise Test; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D005082:Physical Exertion; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*
vernacular_title: Die klinische Diagnose der Herzinsuffizienz.