Evidence for the conservation of an immunoreactive monokine network in invertebrates.
Mytilus edulis, a marine bivalve mollusc, contains hemocytes that share certain properties with cells of the human monocyte-macrophage lineage. Because of this and previously reported similar responses to opioids between Mytilus hemocytes and human granulocytes, we determined whether Mytilus might also possess monokines or an immune monokine-like network. We chose to study two monokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). We found that Mytilus hemocytes respond to recombinant human IL-1 and TNF in a fashion similar to human granulocytes. Furthermore, we show that as in the human system, it appears that IL-1 mediates at least part of its effects through immunoreactive (ir) TNF in Mytilus. Finally, we show that Mytilus hemolymph contains ir IL-1 and TNF. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of these substances in this system.
Hughes
T K
TK
Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550.
Smith
E M
EM
Leung
M K
MK
Stefano
G B
GB
D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000276:immunology*; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013045:Species Specificity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha