title: Permeation resistance of glove materials to agricultural pesticides.
abstract: The toxicities of many agricultural pesticides require that hand protection be used by persons who mix, load, and apply these products, as specified on the label and material safety data sheet. Selection of gloves for formulations that contain organic solvents is particularly problematic because a solvent that permeates the glove can carry with it the active ingredient of the pesticide formulation. With a test method that measures the simultaneous permeation of the carrier solvent(s) and active ingredient(s), in particular those active ingredients that have low solubility in water and low volatility, over 100 permeation tests (in triplicate) with approximately 20 pesticide formulations were conducted with 13 different glove materials. These results are summarized and generalizations are presented within the perspective of the large base of permeation data for neat chemicals and another large permeation study with pesticides. Key among the findings is that the carrier solvent generally permeates first and at a much higher rate than the active ingredient. Furthermore, the permeation behavior of formulations containing solvents generally mirrored that of neat carrier solvents alone. Thus, insight into the selection of the most appropriate glove material for a given pesticide formulation can be gained from permeation data for neat chemicals. For the types of solvents that may be present in pesticide formulations, preferred materials include nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, and plastic film laminates. Natural rubber and polyvinyl chloride materials generally are not recommended.
authors.affiliation: Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140-2390.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Schwope
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goydan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ehntholt
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D010539:Permeability; D010575:Pesticides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011481:Protective Clothing / Q000592:standards*; D012997:Solvents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals; D010575:Pesticides; D012997:Solvents