title: Effects of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate on survival, behavior, and egg viability of adult muscoid flies (Diptera: Muscidae).
abstract: Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (Na2B8O13(.)4H2O) was mixed with sugar and fed to adult Musca domestica L. and Fannia canicularis (L.) to determine concentration-mortality relationships. LC50s (48-h exposure) were 5.7% for M. domestica and 1.0% for F. canicularis. Rates of 1 and 2% were used to test effects on M. domestica mortality and egg hatch over an 8-d period. Reduced egg hatch was evident after 1 d of feeding on the treated mixtures and was greatest (less than 10% egg hatch) after flies fed only on treated mixtures for 2 d. A partial rebound in egg hatch occurred after 3-4 d of feeding on treated diet. Sperm motility in females fed treated sugar was apparently normal. Fertile egg placed on treated poultry manure did not hatch, indicating embryonic death, which also may have been involved in the low hatch of eggs observed from treated flies. When flies were exposed to treated sugar for 2 d then returned to untreated diet, delayed mortality effects and reduced egg hatch persisted for at least 3 d. Behavioral assays (feeding) with M. domestica demonstrated that flies rejected borate-sugar mixtures in favor of sugar alone when the concentration of borate was greater than 2%. Given a choice of treated and untreated poultry manure for oviposition, flies also rejected the treated manure. The potential of borates in adult bait formulations or applied to developmental substrates for fly control is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside 92521.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Mullens
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001881:Borates; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006793:Houseflies; D007306:Insecticides; D009117:Muscidae; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001881:Borates; D007306:Insecticides; C077054:disodium octaborate tetrahydrate