title: [Dose requirements for projection techniques in x-ray diagnosis].
abstract: The dose required in x-ray diagnosis depends upon the demands made on a diagnostically optimal x-ray film or in fluoroscopy, and upon the technical quality of the equipment. The actual dose requirement, derived from field studies, is juxtaposed on the basis of representative examples with the maximum permissible dose requirement in accordance with the prescribed minimum sensitivity values of the x-ray film. The ideal dose requirement has been stated by Cohen et al. (1981) by a formula basing on parallel beam, maximum quantum yield and Bucky grid effect depending on the signal to noise ratio and object contrast. This was checked by means of contrast detail diagrams measured at the hole phantom, and was additionally compared with measurement results obtained by Wust et al. (1989) with acrylic glass phantoms. The optimal dose requirement is obtained by the maximum technically possible approach to the ideal requirement level. Examples are given, besides for x-ray equipment with Gd2 O2 S screen film systems for grid screen mammography, and new thoracic examination systems for mass screenings. Finally, a few values concerning the dose requirement or the analogous time required for fluorescent screening in angiography and interventional radiology, are stated, as well as for dentistry and paediatric x-ray diagnostics.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum Radiologie Medizinische Hochschule Hannover.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hagemann
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D011859:Radiography; D014963:X-Ray Intensifying Screens
vernacular_title: Dosisbedarf für die Projektionsverfahren der Röntgendiagnostik.