title: Detection of interleukin-6 in human follicular fluid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a normal constituent of human follicular fluid (FF) after ovarian hyperstimulation and to assess whether IL-6 levels differ in conditions associated with immunological causes of infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  After ovarian hyperstimulation for an in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment cycle, FF samples were obtained at the time of oocyte retrieval.
  
  
  METHODS
  Referral center at a tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty women referred for IVF, including 10 patients with significant titers (greater than 40%) of antisperm antibodies and 10 with pelvic endometriosis. Ten patients with tubal infertility without antisperm antibodies or endometriosis served as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of FF levels for IL-6 using both bioassay and immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bioactive (range 0.32 to 32.2 U/mL) and immunoreactive (range 0.34 to 13.6 ng/mL) IL-6 levels were detected in FF of all subjects after ovarian hyperstimulation. Follicular fluid IL-6 levels were substantially higher (3 to 30-fold) than that reported in serum. There was no difference in the mean concentrations of IL-6 levels between patients with antisperm antibodies, endometriosis, or tubal infertility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bioactive and immunoreactive IL-6 are present in human FF after ovarian hyperstimulation, supporting a potential autocrine or paracrine role within the follicular microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Buyalos
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Martinez-Maza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001681:Biological Assay; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000378:metabolism*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000276:immunology; D013480:Superovulation
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015850:Interleukin-6