title: Characteristics of smokeless tobacco use among high school football players as related to type of smokeless tobacco and period of use.
abstract: The present study was conducted to assess differences in the behavioral and demographic characteristics of snuff (dip) users as compared to users of chewing tobacco. High School football players (1116) were surveyed concerning their use and perceptions of smokeless tobacco. Adolescent athletes who tried smokeless tobacco were more likely to be white, to use cigarettes, alcohol, and cigars and to have family users than those who never tried. Initial use was highest before the age of fourteen years and was influenced by friends, curiosity and family. Dippers tended to initiate use because of friends, while chewers started because of family users. Users of both dip and chew started primarily because of curiosity. Users of both were more likely to consume greater amounts to alcohol and cigarettes and to smoke cigars and pipes. It appears that the longer smokeless tobacco is consumed, the more likely both dip and chew will be used. Users of smokeless tobacco for more than two years tended to consume more of the product each week, used it for more hours/day, initiated use at an earlier age, and used it more often at school and work than those using it for less than two years. Use of cigars/pipes, consumption of alcohol, and quantity of cigarette consumption increased significantly with longer duration of smokeless tobacco use. Intervention and prevention programs would be helped by understanding differences between users of various smokeless tobacco products and differences related to the duration of use. In addition, further analyses of smokeless tobacco users should study chewers, dippers, and users of both separately.
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama, Birmingham.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Creath
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005538:Football; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012931:Social Environment; D012932:Social Facilitation; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless