title: Prenatal detection of fra(X)(q27.3) in female identical twins: reliability of low level cytogenetic prenatal expression in females.
abstract: Recently, we detected fra(X)(q27.3) in amniocyte cultures from female identical twins. The pregnant woman did not exhibit fra(X)(q27.3) in whole blood cultures but was the sister of 2 affected brothers. DNA marker analyses showed that she was a carrier of FRAXA. Amniotic fluid cultures (AFCs) from twins A and B exhibited the fragile X [fra(X)] chromosome, but the level of cytogenetic expression was very low in twin A's AFCs. DNA marker studies indicated both twins were carriers of FRAXA. Peripheral umbilical blood sample (PUBS) cultures exhibited fra(X)(q27.3) at a frequency of about 10% for both twins. DNA fingerprinting indicated that the twins were identical, confirming the clinical impression, with a very thin separating amniotic membrane. To our knowledge, this is the only report of prenatal fra(X)(q27.3) detection in female identical twins, and the second report of identical twin detection [Rocchi et al., 1985]. We have diagnosed prenatally fra(X)(q27.3) in 5 female fetuses using AFCs. The average fra(X) frequency was 4% for these positive female fetuses with a range of 0.5% to 8.5%. Follow-up whole blood studies confirmed our original results at an average fra(X) frequency of 25%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. Low frequencies, perhaps 1 or 2%, or a few positive cells in AFCs, are likely to increase in magnitude when confirmed in whole blood cultures either pre- or postnatally. 2. It appears likely that the risk is low for false positive results in AFCs when low frequencies of fra(X)(q27.3) are encountered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island 10314.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schonberg
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Krawczun
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Golbus
mesh_terms: D003582:Cytogenetics; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic