title: Can a non-tumorigenic dose of carcinogen cause two or more errors in a cell?
abstract: Cancer is believed to be the result of a multistep process, beginning with a single alteration in a cell's genome. Here the hypothesis that a few cells may receive two or more hits after the application of a non-tumorigenic or higher dose of carcinogen is proposed. Preneoplastic lesions that arise from such doubly-hit cells may be few in number, but may more easily undergo tumor formation and tumor progression. This hypothesis augments the multihit model of carcinogenesis and explains much data that the single, first-hit assumption cannot.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville 78957.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D004249:DNA Damage; D004261:DNA Replication; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens