title: Effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on the nutriture of children in Northeast Thailand.
abstract: Previous surveys suggested that young children in Northeast Thailand may benefit from vitamin A and/or zinc supplementation. One hundred thirty-three children aged 6-13 y with marginal plasma retinol (less than 1.05 mumol/L) and Zn (less than 12.2 mumol/L) concentrations participated in a double-blind study. They were randomly assigned and supplemented with either zinc (25 mg/d), vitamin A (1500 RE/d), zinc plus vitamin A, or placebo for 6 mo. Biochemical indices of vitamin A (plasma vitamin A, retinol-binding protein) and zinc status (plasma zinc, alkaline phosphatase) increased significantly. The children had adequate liver stores of vitamin A (relative dose response less than 20%). Zinc supplementation resulted in an improvement in vision restoration time (VRT) in dim light (dark adaptometry). Vitamin A and zinc synergistically normalized conjunctival epithelium as measured by conjunctival impression cytology (CIC). Both functional indices, VRT and CIC, showed significant correlations with plasma zinc and vitamin A, respectively. The data suggest that functional improvements in populations with suboptimal vitamin A and zinc nutriture can be accomplished by supplementation with less than two times the recommended dietary allowance of these nutrients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Udomkesmalee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhanamitta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sirisinha
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charoenkiatkul
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuntipopipat
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Banjong
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rojroongwasinkul
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D003623:Dark Adaptation / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011897:Random Allocation; D013785:Thailand; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D015032:Zinc