title: Low doses of haloperidol interfere with rat tongue extensions during licking: a quantitative analysis.
abstract: Orolingual dyskinetic effects of haloperidol were studied in rats trained to lick drops of water from a force-sensing disk. Haloperidol dose-dependently decreased force of tongue protrusion, decreased lick duration, increased interlick interval, and decreased number of licks. Fourier methods showed that haloperidol, in doses as low as 0.06 mg/kg, slowed the lick oscillations from an average of 5.250 Hz to 5.096 Hz (p = .014). Lick force was modulated by water drop delivery, but this effect was not influenced by haloperidol, which suggests no interference of the drug with sensory regulation of licking. The drug-induced deficits in tongue force may be manifestations of either postural alterations (pseudoparkinsonism) or orobuccolingual dyskinesias or both. Orolingual motor impairments may account for some of the neuroleptic-engendered behavioral decrements that have previously been explained in terms of reward, motivational deficits, or both.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, University 38677.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mortell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000187:drug effects*; D014059:Tongue / Q000294:innervation*
chemical_list: D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D006220:Haloperidol