title: Effect of the addition of ciprofloxacin on theophylline pharmacokinetics in subjects inhibited by cimetidine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the effect of individual enzyme inhibitors on hepatic microsomal enzyme activity has been studied extensively, little data exist on the effects of combinations of inhibiting agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of a second hepatic oxidative enzyme inhibitor on the inhibition of metabolism in subjects already maximally inhibited by cimetidine. Ciprofloxacin was used as the second inhibitor.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized crossover sequence, subjects received theophylline 5 mg/kg on day 6 of therapy with cimetidine 2400 mg/d, ciprofloxacin 1 g/d, both drugs, or while drug-free.
  
  
  METHODS
  National Institutes of Health-funded General Clinical Research Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight normal volunteers (6 men, 2 women; mean age 25.2 y).
  
  
  METHODS
  Theophylline pharmacokinetic parameters after each treatment were determined by model independent pharmacokinetic analysis. Statistical analysis of the data for differences between treatments was assessed by ANOVA for repeated measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  When administered alone, ciprofloxacin and cimetidine caused a significant increase in theophylline elimination half-life and a decrease in clearance. Theophylline elimination half-life was significantly longer during combined therapy compared with either drug alone. Theophylline clearance was lower during combined treatment, although this relationship did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of a second enzyme inhibitor in subjects receiving maximally inhibiting doses of cimetidine can produce a further decrease in the hepatic metabolism of drugs that are metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 microsomal enzyme system. As cimetidine and ciprofloxacin are frequently used together for a variety of common clinical indications, clinicians should be aware of this drug interaction and should consider that a similar effect may occur when other enzyme inhibitors are used concomitantly.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Quenzer
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Powell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002927:Cimetidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D013806:Theophylline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D002927:Cimetidine; D013806:Theophylline