[Bone marrow grafts. Introduction].
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a therapeutic procedure which has a powerful antileukemic activity in addition to that of high dose radiochemotherapy. Its indications have progressively extended from leukemia to most malignant hemopathies. It allows in some of these disorders to increase the number of cures above that obtained by conventional chemotherapy and in others to cure diseases never curable by chemotherapy. Allogeneic BMT, in addition, found more recently many promising indications in the field of genetic disorders of the cellular systems derived from the hematopoietic stem cell. Autologous BMT (ABMT) is also efficient in the majority of malignant hemopathies. Its efficacy however is limited mainly to that of high dose(s) of radiochemotherapy. The efficacy of ABMT thus appears lower than that of allo BMT but in terms of survival this disadvantage is more or less compensated by its lower lethal toxicity. Its efficacy in comparison with that of conventional chemotherapy is still under study. The lethality induced by BMT itself, the risk of mortality due to the disease, the age of the patient and the degree of resistance of the disease to conventional therapies are, among others, crucial parameters to take into consideration for each specific case and of which will depend the quality and the duration of the patient's survival.
Stryckmans
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Unité d'hématologie, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles.
D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D009196:Myeloproliferative Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
Les greffes de moelle osseuse. Introduction.