title: Prophylactic use of the intra-aortic balloon pump in high-risk cardiac patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a decision analytic view.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As the indications for the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) continue to evolve, a potential new use may be the prophylactic preoperative insertion of the IABP in the high-risk cardiac patient undergoing noncardiac surgery. Our objective is to present a general approach to the high-risk cardiac patient who may benefit from the prophylactic insertion of the IABP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case reports and a decision analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A decision model was constructed that weighs the risk of life-threatening postoperative complications against the risk of vascular complications, including surgery and possible amputation, from IABP insertion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A review of the literature identified 10 patients who underwent IABP placement prior to noncardiac surgery. These patients, along with our three cases, define a population of patients for whom the prophylactic IABP may be useful. This population includes patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) for whom bypass grafting is not an option due to: (1) inoperable CAD; (2) a severe coexisting disease process (such as a malignancy); or (3) the emergent nature of the noncardiac procedure. The decision analysis suggests that patients whose preoperative assessment places them at very high risk for postoperative complications (Goldman class IV or Detsky class III undergoing major surgery) may benefit the most from prophylactic placement of an IABP prior to noncardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Georgeson
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Coombs
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Eckman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D003663:Decision Trees; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011788:Quality of Life