title: Adrenocortical function: an indicator of severity of disease and survival in chronic critically ill patients.
abstract: Plasma cortisol levels and modified Apache II (Apache IIm-stay) severity of disease scores were determined at weekly intervals in 159 patients who were treated for at least 7 days at the Critical Care Unit of our hospital. The mean (+/- SD) plasma cortisol level (0.60 +/- 0.28 mumol/l) was clearly elevated in these patients. The highest plasma cortisol levels were measured in patients treated with vasoactive drugs (0.76 +/- 0.39 mumol/l). Non-survivors (n = 36) had a significantly higher mean plasma cortisol level and Apache IIm-stay score than survivors (respectively 0.78 +/- 0.40 vs. 0.54 +/- 0.21 mumol/l; p less than 0.0003 and 12.6 +/- 4.8 vs. 7.3 +/- 4.1; p less than 0.0001). A significant correlation was found between the individual weekly plasma cortisol levels and the Apache IIm-stay scores (r = 0.41; p less than 0.0001), especially in the subgroup of patients, who never received glucocorticoids during their stay at the ICU (r = 0.51; p less than 0.0001). During the 14-month study period only two patients showed a clinical picture of adrenocortical insufficiency and a blunted response of cortisol to 0.25 mg synthetic ACTH(1-24). In conclusion, our data suggest that a high plasma cortisol level, like a high Apache IIm-stay score, indicates severity of disease and poor survival in critically ill patients. De novo adrenocortical insufficiency is rare and therefore routine screening of adrenocortical function is superfluous.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sint-Radboud University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Span
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hermus
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bartelink
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hoitsma
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gimbrère
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Smals
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kloppenborg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000309:Adrenal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000401:mortality*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D015994:Incidence; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone