title: Evidence for inhibitory nicotinic and facilitatory muscarinic receptors in cholinergic nerve terminals of the rat urinary bladder.
abstract: Cholinergic prejunctional modulatory receptors on parasympathetic nerves in the rat urinary bladder were studied by measuring 3H-acetylcholine (ACh) release in muscle strips from the bladder body. Electrical field stimulation markedly increased 3H-ACh overflow in strips preloaded with 3H-choline. Oxotremorine (1 microM), an M2 receptor agonist and DMPP (10 microM) a nicotinic (N) receptor agonist decreased the release of ACh (50% and 55% respectively); whereas McN-A 343 (50 microM) an M1 receptor agonist increased the release (33%), indicating the presence of three types of modulatory receptors. The anticholinesterase agent, physostigmine in concentrations of 1, 5 and 25 microM and neostigmine (5 microM) increased ACh release (44-710%). However a low concentration of physostigmine (0.05 microM) decreased release. Pirenzepine, an M1 muscarinic antagonist or atropine blocked the increased ACh release in physostigmine-treated strips, but in normal strips pirenzepine did not change release and atropine increased release. McN-A 343 or prolonged application (15 min) of DMPP increased ACh release (376% and 391% respectively) in physostigmine-treated strips. The response to McN-A 343 was blocked by pirenzepine. d-Tubocurarine (DTC), a nicotinic receptor blocker, enhanced ACh release in the presence of physostigmine but proved to be ineffective in normal preparations. These findings suggest that all three cholinergic receptors (M1 facilitatory, N inhibitory and M2 inhibitory) are activated by endogenous ACh in physostigmine treated preparations whereas only M2-inhibitory receptors are activated in normal preparations. It will be important in future studies to determine whether M1 and M2 mechanisms can also be activated under more physiological conditions in the bladder and whether they are present at other cholinergic synapses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Somogyi
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: de Groat
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects; D009411:Nerve Endings / Q000187:drug effects*; D009525:Niacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation*
chemical_list: D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D009525:Niacin; D010830:Physostigmine; D000109:Acetylcholine