title: Superiority of endocardial versus epicardial implantation of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).
abstract: The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has proved to be an efficient device for the treatment of severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT). From May 1985 to August 1991, the ICD was implanted in 107 patients of whom 72% suffered from coronary artery disease, 17% from cardiomyopathy, 5% from long QT-syndrome and 6% from other heart disease. All patients had a life threatening episode of VT or at least one episode of ventricular fibrillation. Of 107 implants, 12% were combined with other heart surgery, 55% were isolated epicardial implantations (epi I) and in 33%, the novel endocardial (endo I) approach was chosen. Between epi I and endo I we found no difference in operation time, but time for ICU and in-hospital stay was significantly shorter using the transvenous approach. In addition, sensing and pacing capability of the endocardial screw-in electrode was superior and the need for thoracotomy was avoided, a particular advantage in patients with previous heart surgery. Complications after epi I were: temporary low cardiac output, 1; perioperative death, 2; infection, 3, and after endo I: electrode dislocation, 2. Hence, endo I may become the method of choice for patients without concomitant surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, FRG.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Saggau
authors.forename: F U
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Werling
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Simone
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brachmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004699:Endocardium / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010496:Pericardium / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D019736:Prostheses and Implants