title: Emergency department echocardiography improves outcome in penetrating cardiac injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of immediate two-dimensional echocardiography on the time to diagnosis, survival rate, and neurologic outcome of patients with penetrating cardiac injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  A ten-year retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional trauma center serving a population base of 1.25 million with 85,000 visits yearly.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients presenting to the emergency department with penetrating cardiac injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The records of 49 patients with penetrating cardiac injury were reviewed. Of these, 28 received immediate two-dimensional echocardiography in the ED (echo group) and 21 did not (nonecho group). The probability of survival was derived using TRISS methodology. Differences between groups were determined using either the two sample t-test for parametric data or the Mann-Whitney test for nonparametric data. The overall probability of survival was 33.2%, and the actual survival rate was 81.6%. The probability of survival was 34.2% and 31.8% for the echo group and nonecho group, respectively. The actual survival was 100% in the echo group and 57.1% in the nonecho group. The average time to diagnosis and disposition for surgical intervention was 15.5 +/- 11.4 minutes for the echo group and 42.4 +/- 21.7 minutes for the nonecho group (P less than .001). The Glasgow Outcome Score was 5.0 for the echo group and 4.2 for the nonecho group (P = .007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the introduction of immediate ED two-dimensional echocardiography, the time to diagnosis of penetrating cardiac injury has decreased and both the survival rate and neurologic outcome of survivors has improved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plummer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brunette
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asinger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*