title: Comparative absorption of atropine from a metered-dose inhaler and an intramuscular injection.
abstract: The inhalation of atropine sulfate from a pressurized metered-dose inhaler was investigated in a nonrandomized four-period rising-dose study. Eight healthy, nonsmoking subjects received 1.7, 3.4, and 5.2 mg of atropine sulfate by inhalation and 1.67 mg of atropine free base (equivalent to 2 mg of atropine sulfate) by intramuscular (i.m.) injection. Serum atropine sulfate concentrations were measured over a 24-h period by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Mean serum concentrations increased nonproportionally as the inhaled dose increased. Mean peak concentrations were 4.9, 6.1, and 7.9 ng/ml for the inhaled doses and 8.4 ng/ml for the i.m. dose. Typical anticholinergic effects were seen after all doses.
authors.affiliation: 3M Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, Minnesota.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kehe
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lasseter
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wick
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Shamblen
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Ekholm
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sandahl
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Goldlust
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Kvam
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers
chemical_list: D001285:Atropine