title: Influence of limonene and laurocapram on percutaneous absorption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
abstract: The promoting effect of cyclic monoterpenes, 1% limonene (CAS 5989-27-5) and 1% cineole (CAS 470-82-6), on percutaneous absorption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was investigated in the rats. Compared with 1% laurocapram, drug absorption from the gel ointments was significantly more enhanced by addition of 1% limonene, while without any enhancer only ibuprofen penetrated across the skin in the limited amount. When using formulation with propylene glycol or 50% propylene glycolethanol solution, instead of carboxyvinyl polymer gel, percutaneous absorption significantly decreased and neither limonene nor cineole or laurocapram were capale to promote percutaneous absorption of flufenamic acid to sufficient serum level. Cineole and limonene were also evaluated in permeation experiments in vitro. Enhancement ability of limonene in the gel oinment was approximately 5 times higher comparing with enhancement ratio of cineole, while in 100% propylene glycol enhancement ability of both cyclic monoterpenes was equal. Good correlation was observed between in vivo and in vitro experiments. Evaluation of solubility proved that in the gel ointment simulated as water-ethanol solution were relatively best condition for percutaneous absorption of flufenamic acid when comparing with propylene glycol or 50% propylene glycol-ethanol solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Priborský
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Príborská
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001381:Azepines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D000077222:Limonene; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D012995:Solubility; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001381:Azepines; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D013729:Terpenes; C035229:laurocapram; D000077222:Limonene