title: An experimental system for auditory image representations.
abstract: This paper presents an experimental system for the conversion of images into sound patterns. The system was designed to provide auditory image representations within some of the known limitations of the human hearing system, possibly as a step towards the development of a vision substitution device for the blind. The application of an invertible (1-to-1) image-to-sound mapping ensures the preservation of visual information. The system implementation involves a pipelined special purpose computer connected to a standard television camera. The time-multiplexed sound representations, resulting from a real-time image-to-sound conversion, represent images up to a resolution of 64 x 64 pixels with 16 gray-tones per pixel. A novel design and the use of standard components have made for a low-cost portable prototype conversion system having a power dissipation suitable for battery operation. Computerized sampling of the system output and subsequent calculation of the approximate inverse (sound-to-image) mapping provided the first convincing experimental evidence for the preservation of visual information in the sound representations of complicated images. However, the actual resolution obtainable with human perception of these sound representations remains to be evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Meijer
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000703:Analog-Digital Conversion; D001698:Biomedical Engineering / Q000379:methods; D003199:Computer Systems; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009991:Oscillometry; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013016:Sound; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014785:Vision, Ocular