title: Clinical responses in relation to blood acetaldehyde levels.
abstract: A study was undertaken to examine the relationship between blood acetaldehyde levels and clinical responses in volunteers receiving the anti-alcohol drugs disulfiram and calcium cyanamide. In the first part of this study volunteers received different doses of disulfiram (125 mg and 500 + 250 mg), of calcium cyanamide (25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg) and of ethanol (0.2 g/kg orally and 0.5 g/kg intravenously). The ensuing interactions ranged from no reaction at all to an intense hypotensive cyanamide-ethanol reaction (CER). A blood acetaldehyde concentration-effect relationship was suggested. In the second part of this study seven subjects received 50 mg of calcium cyanamide 4 hr prior to an intravenous ethanol dose of 0.2 g/kg. The maximum blood level of acetaldehyde ranged from 16 to 241 microM. Aversive interactions started to occur at acetaldehyde levels around 40-60 microM. Changes in flushing reaction and diastolic blood pressure appeared best to reflect changing blood acetaldehyde levels. As a rule, however, the expected cyanamide-ethanol and disulfiram-ethanol reactions are more clearly registered as an increase in acetaldehyde levels than as the ensuing physiological responses.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Forensic Toxicology, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnsen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stowell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mørland
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D003484:Cyanamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004221:Disulfiram / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D003484:Cyanamide; D000079:Acetaldehyde; D004221:Disulfiram