title: Double-blind study comparing erythromycin and mupirocin for treatment of impetigo in children: implications of a high prevalence of erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus has been consistently isolated from a high proportion of impetiginous lesions, and in several recent studies, it was present in the majority of the cases. Since recently a large proportion of S. aureus strains in our community showed erythromycin resistance, we undertook a prospective double-blind controlled study comparing topical mupirocin with oral erythromycin to determine (i) the prevalence of erythromycin-resistant S. aureus strains in impetigo and (ii) whether an increased rate of failure of erythromycin treatment was associated with such resistance. A total of 102 patients 3 to 185 months old (median = 49 months) were enrolled. Culture was positive for 97 of 102 (95%) patients, and S. aureus was present in 93% of the patients for whom cultures were positive. S. aureus was the single pathogen in 64% of these patients. Erythromycin-resistant S. aureus strains were present in 27 of 91 (28%) patients for whom cultures were positive. In all cases but one, S. aureus was resistant to penicillin, and in all cases it was sensitive to mupirocin. A marked difference was observed in favor of mupirocin in the clinical courses of the disease. However, only patients with erythromycin-resistant S. aureus strains had unfavorable courses compared with those treated with mupirocin (failure rate, 47 versus 2%, respectively). Patients with erythromycin-susceptible S. aureus strains who received erythromycin had a failure rate of 8%. In four patients, S. aureus strains initially susceptible to erythromycin became resistant during treatment. We conclude that erythromycin-resistant S. aureus strains are commonly isolated from impetigo in our region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dagan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bar-David
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007169:Impetigo / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D007223:Infant; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016712:Mupirocin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004917:Erythromycin; D016712:Mupirocin