title: Paediatric otoscopy--clinical and histological correlation.
abstract: Otoscopy is a subjective clinical method. Its subjectively has led physicians to verify its accuracy through correlations with findings of otomicroscopy, pneumatic otoscopy, tympanometry, and myringotomy. In the very young population, however, the interpretation of otoscopic findings become more difficult. To improve the interpretation of normal otoscopy in young children, an otoscopic-histological correlation was attempted in children up to nine years of age. Twenty-one temporal bones from 15 children aged from two days to nine years who had no evidence of otological disease or congenital anomalies were examined under light microscopy; the thickness of the pars flaccida, posterior superior quadrant, and umbo were measured. Twenty-five eardrums of 15 healthy children without past or present history of otological disease were examined using otoscopy; a photograph of each eardrum was obtained. Our study demonstrates that structural changes in the tympanic membrane during these years of childhood have a good correlation with otoscopic findings. Understanding normal histological changes in the paediatric eardrum may improve our interpretation of otoscopic findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital D. Estefånia, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ruah
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Ruah
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Penha
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schachern
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Paparella
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000033:anatomy & histology*