title: Phosphatidylinositol glycan (PI-G) anchored membrane proteins. Amino acid requirements adjacent to the site of cleavage and PI-G attachment in the COOH-terminal signal peptide.
abstract: Secreted proteins are processed from a nascent form that contains an NH2-terminal signal peptide. During processing, the latter is cleaved by a specific NH2-terminal signal peptidase. The nascent form of phosphatidylinositol glycan (PI-G) tailed proteins contain both an NH2- and a COOH-terminal signal peptide. The two signal peptides have much in common, such as size and hydrophobicity. The COOH-terminal peptide is also cleaved during processing. We propose that the amino acid in a nascent protein that ultimately combines with the PI-G moiety be designated the omega site. Amino acids adjacent and COOH-terminal to the omega site would then be omega + 1, omega + 2, etc. In previous studies, we showed that allowable substitutions at the omega site of an engineered form of placental alkaline phosphatase (miniPLAP) are limited to 6 small amino acids. In the present study, mutations were made at the omega + 1 and omega + 2 sites. At the omega + 1 site, processing to varying degrees was observed with 8 of the 9 amino acids substituted for alanine, the normal constituent. Only the proline mutant showed no processing. By contrast, the only substituents permitted at the omega + 2 site were glycine and alanine, with only trace activity observed with serine and cysteine. Thus, just as there is a -1, -3 rule for predicting cleavage by NH2-terminal signal peptidase, there appears to be a comparable omega, omega + 2 rule for predicting cleavage/PI-G addition by COOH-terminal signal transamidase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, New Jersey 07110.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kodukula
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Udenfriend
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005260:Female; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010920:Placenta / Q000201:enzymology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D011134:Polysaccharides; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase