title: A pilot sequential study of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy of atypical depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parallel comparison studies of cognitive therapy and antidepressant medication have suggested that both treatments are effective. However, we cannot determine from these studies whether cognitive therapy and antidepressant medication are effective for the same populations of depressives. A sequential study in which nonresponders to the first treatment are then treated with the second can address this issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients meeting DSM-III criteria for major depression or dysthymic disorder and Columbia criteria for atypical depression received cognitive therapy followed by antidepressant medication for cognitive therapy nonresponders. A response rate with the second treatment equal to that expected with placebo would suggest both treatments target the same depressive population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 25 completers of the study, 14 (56%) were judged responders to cognitive therapy alone. Sixty-nine percent (9/13) of the responders maintained their benefits for 6 months or more. Seven of the 11 cognitive therapy nonresponders (63%) responded to antidepressant medication. These results were compared with those of a concurrent double-blind medication study; both its sample and ours were drawn from the same population at the same time: cognitive therapy and antidepressant medication response rates were higher than expected with placebo (28%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that (1) cognitive therapy and antidepressant medication are effective treatments for differing populations of depressed patients, as the antidepressant medication response of cognitive therapy nonresponders was greater than expected with placebo, and (2) cognitive therapy has a lasting effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mercier
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Quitkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007099:Imipramine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D010624:Phenelzine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D010919:Placebos; D010624:Phenelzine; D007099:Imipramine