title: Platelet-activating factor biosynthesis by cultured mesangial cells is modulated by proteinase inhibitors.
abstract: Rat mesangial cells stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187 and phagocytosis were shown to produce platelet-activating factor (PAF), a mediator of inflammation and endotoxic shock. In the study presented here, the cultured human mesangial but not epithelial cells synthetized PAF not only in response to calcium ionophore A23187 and phagocytosis of immunoglobulin G-coated latex beads, but also after stimulation with cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta. PAF synthetized after stimulation with A23187 and to a lesser extent with phagocytosis was partially released. In contrast, PAF synthesized by stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta remained cell associated. Experiments with labeled precursors demonstrated that PAF was synthetized via the remodeling pathway that involves the activation of phospholipase A2 and of an acetyl-coenzymeA:2-lyso-PAF acetyltransferase. Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteases as well as plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor inhibited the activation of phospholipase A2 detected as release of (14C) arachidonic acid and the activation of acetyl-CoA:2-lyso-PAF acetyltransferase at concentrations 100-fold lower than those present in plasma. This raises the question about the ability of mesangial cells to synthetize PAF in vivo. However, the inhibitory effect of plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor may be abrogated by oxidative inactivation due to a concomitant stimulation of mesangial cell respiratory burst or in zones of close contact among cells or matrix, which have been shown to exclude antiproteinases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Immunopatologia, Università di Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Biancone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tetta
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Turello
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Montrucchio
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Iorio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Servillo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balestrieri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Camussi
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008863:Microspheres; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000001:Calcimycin; D000123:Acetyltransferases; C046035:1-alkylglycerophosphocholine acetyltransferase; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2