title: Methylphenidate as a treatment for depression in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an n-of-1 trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uncontrolled studies report that methylphenidate effectively treats depression in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Other studies report that methylphenidate improves cognition in patients with dementia stemming from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled n-of-1 trial to learn whether methylphenidate was an effective treatment for depression in an outpatient with mild HIV dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient received either placebo or drug in a double-blinded fashion in increasing doses in each of three 2-week phases (A = placebo, B = methylphenidate, C = placebo). Blinded outcomes of depression and cognition were measured initially and twice in each phase. Depression was measured using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and a mood self-assessment scale. Cognition was measured using the digit span (forward and backward subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Trail-Making Tests A and B, and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HAM-D scores improved during the methylphenidate phase (initial = 33; A = 23, 25; B = 15, 10; C = 28, 27), as did the subjective mood assessment ratings. Digit span backward scores improved with the drug (initial = 4; A = 4, 3; B = 6, 8; C = 5, 4), as did Trail-Making Test B scores (initial = 125 seconds; A = 133, 103 seconds; B = 86, 82 seconds; C = 88, 96 seconds). Digit span forward, SDMT, and Trail-Making Test A, however, showed no drug-related trend.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that methylphenidate was beneficial in the treatment of depression in this patient with AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Good Samaritan Hospital and Medical Center, Portland, Ore. 97210.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011581:Psychological Tests
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D008774:Methylphenidate