title: Conversion from Cs-137 to Ir-192 for high dose rate remote afterloading: practical considerations.
abstract: High dose rate (HDR) remote afterloading is increasingly being used to replace many conventional low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy procedures. Implementation of the microSelectron-HDR with Ir-192 at our facility necessitated this study to obtain equivalent dosimetric distributions with those of our LDR Cs-137 techniques using our current treatment planning system. Three anatomical sites are presented: nasopharynx, esophagus, and uterine cervix. Attention must be given to the anisotropy of Cs-137 tubes when converting to Ir-192; for linear geometries, total equivalent activity may be preserved but the shapes of the resulting isodose curves for Ir-192 are longer than those of Cs-137. In the case of Fletcher-Suit intracavitary treatments of the uterine cervix, the longer contours for Ir-192 in the vaginal ovoids results in higher isodose levels reaching the bladder and rectum. Maintaining the traditional dose levels to these organs is accomplished by modifying the loading of the ovoids to approximately 85% of the corresponding Cs-137 activity. Computerized dosimetry is presented, along with a chart we have devised to easily convert a standard LDR treatment to HDR dwell times. Our results are especially suitable to those users who will continue to make use of their present computer treatment planning system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles 90027.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bellotti
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kagan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wollin
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes