title: Creatine kinase activity is required for mineral deposition and matrix synthesis in endochondral growth cartilage.
abstract: In earlier studies, we have drawn attention to the unique changes in energy metabolism that accompany the maturation of epiphyseal growth plate chondrocytes. The objective of this investigation was to examine the importance of the ATP generating enzyme creatine kinase (CK), in the development and mineralization of the growth plate. We inhibited CK function by administering beta-guanidinopropionic acid (beta-GPA) to rats in vivo and to cultured chick chondrocytes in vitro. We found that this agent inhibited normal development of cartilage. Disorganization of chondrocytes in the proliferative and hypertrophic zones, poor vascular invasion, and retention of calcified cartilage occurred in the long bones of beta-GPA-fed rats. beta-GPA caused a change in the electrophoretic mobility of type II and type X collagens. Inhibition of apatite formation in the bones of shell-less chick embryos was accompanied by a CK isoenzyme shift from a bone-specific phenotype to a CK isozyme profile similar to that of cartilage. The results of these studies indicate that CK activity is required for normal development of the growth plate and that interference with creatine phosphate metabolism results in profound changes in the synthesis of cartilage and the maturational activities of chondrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Research Department, Alfred I. duPont Institute, Wilmington, DE.
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Funanage
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carango
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokuoka
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D006146:Guanidines; D008903:Minerals; D011422:Propionates; D003094:Collagen; D003402:Creatine Kinase; C005775:guanidinopropionic acid