title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in Kenya.
abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted among women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in Nairobi, kenya, to determine the prevalence of and associated risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection. HIV-1 antibody was detected in 13.8% of 600 women. This virus was found most frequently in prostitutes (odds ratio [OR], 7.2), in women reporting a history of genital ulcers (OR, 2.3), and in those with a current diagnosis of genital ulcers (OR, 5.1). Lifetime duration of oral contraceptive use was significantly greater in HIV-1-positive women. Multivariate analysis revealed an association between genital ulcers and HIV-1 infection (OR, 3.8). The strongest association for HIV-1 infection, however, occurred with genital ulcers in combination with the use of oral contraceptives (OR, 25.7).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Plourde
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Plummer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pepin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agoki
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ombette
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ronald
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cheang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Costa
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Ndinya-Achola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002602:Chancroid / Q000150:complications; D003275:Contraceptive Devices, Male; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000150:complications*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008393:Marriage; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D011477:Sex Work; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D014456:Ulcer
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral