title: Organic acid profiling in adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-F442A cells: increased production of Krebs cycle acid metabolites.
abstract: To try to find special metabolic characteristics of adipose tissue, we examined the organic acids released into the culture medium, which was changed every 48 hours, as 3T3-F442A mouse fibroblasts underwent differentiation to adipocytes under the influence of insulin and fetal calf serum. We identified 13 different organic acids, of which four (malate, fumarate, succinate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate) increased from threefold to 10-fold during an 18-day period of differentiation. After differentiation had occurred, the deletion of insulin from the culture medium resulted in a slight decrease in the concentration of malate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate. Other acids were not affected, including 18 that we were unable to identify by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. No acid was found to be present only in the medium of either fibroblasts or adipocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000143:Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000196:embryology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D005312:Fetal Blood; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D007328:Insulin