title: Recombinant human interleukin-3 and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor administered in vivo after high-dose cyclophosphamide cancer chemotherapy: effect on hematopoiesis and microenvironment in human bone marrow.
abstract: The effects on bone marrow (BM) cell proliferation and differentiation of recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) administered after high-dose (7 g/m2/d) cyclophosphamide (HD-CTX) chemotherapy were studied in nine patients with malignancies without BM involvement and in three control patients. rhIL-3 at a dose of 1 to 5 micrograms/kg/day was administered for 14 to 18 days by continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion and rhGM-CSF was administered at a dose of 5.5 micrograms/kg/day for 14 days. Changes induced by cytokine treatment were assessed by morphoimmunohistochemical analysis of BM biopsies. Comparison was made in the cytokine-treated groups and with control patients who received HD-CTX alone. BM cellularity and the myeloid/erythroid (ME) ratio were lower in rhIL-3-treated than in rhGM-CSF-treated patients, but in both groups it was significantly higher than in the controls. The proportion of BM cells stained by PC10, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) recognizing a proliferation-associated nuclear protein (PCNA), increased from 6.78% to 21.18% (P less than .02) after rhIL-3, and from 5% to 35.33% (P less than .001) after rhGM-CSF; no increase was observed in the control group. The frequency of CD34+ BM cells was unchanged after rhIL-3 (P = NS) and decreased after rhGM-CSF (P less than .001). In both groups, most of the PC10+ cells were represented by promyelocytes and myelocytes with no increase in blast cell numbers. rhIL-3-treated BM showed an increased number of megakaryocytes and increased proliferative activity of erythroid cells as compared with rhGM-CSF cases. BM stroma changes observed in both treated groups included endothelial cell proliferation, increased BM macrophage concentration, and increase in BM fibroblasts as detected with an anti-nerve growth factor receptor antibody. In most rhIL-3-treated cases, BM fibrosis developed after treatment. The same effect was not observed in rhGM-CSF patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anatomic Pathology and Cytology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orazi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cattoretti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schiró
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siena
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bregni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Nicola
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gianni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens; D015703:Antigens, CD; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007377:Interleukin-3; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide