title: Development of self-recognition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
abstract: Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) demonstrate the ability to recognize themselves in mirrors, yet investigations of the development of self-recognition in chimpanzees are sparse. Twelve young chimpanzees, grouped by age, were given mirror exposure and tested for self-recognition and contingent movement. All 6 juveniles, 4 and 5 years old, exhibited mirror-guided, mark-directed behavior and clear evidence of self-recognition. In contrast, among the infants, only the oldest group of 2 1/2-year-olds exhibited clear evidence of self-recognition. All chimpanzees exhibited both self-directed behaviors and contingent movements. These results suggest that self-recognition occurs at a slightly older age in chimpanzees than in human infants. In humans, self-recognition is linked with other cognitive abilities. The results conform to the general pattern that great apes exhibit many cognitive skills comparable to those of 2-year-old humans.
authors.affiliation: Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Bard
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal; D001288:Attention; D001828:Body Image; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D012931:Social Environment; D014110:Touch