title: The effect of study design on in situ treatment of carious enamel lesions.
abstract: The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the influence of several factors on changes in the mineral content of carious enamel lesions treated in situ. The study involved 36 adult volunteers who used either a non-fluoride toothpaste or one of two fluoride toothpastes (1000 or 1500 ppm F). Human enamel specimens were prepared and attached to partial dentures as described previously (Schäfer, 1989) and treated in situ for between three and six weeks. The mineral content of lesions was determined by microradiography and computerized densitometry. The factors investigated in this study included study length, frequency of treatment, trial design, patient compliance, patient diet, and previous caries experience of the patient. The effects observed were small, relative to that of the treatment, and not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). However, the trends in the data were all as would be intuitively predicted. Study duration correlated positively with observed lesion mineral content. Lesions worn by panelists using a fluoride toothpaste for six weeks contained greater levels of mineral with respect to placebo than did those in panelists on a three-week study. The residual variations in the three phases of the study were found to be similar, suggesting that there is no advantage in these studies having a cross-over design. Brushing frequency also correlated positively with observed lesion mineral content, with panelists brushing three times per day with a fluoridated dentifrice having lesions with greater levels of mineral, with respect to placebo, than those brushing twice per day. Overall, no clear relationship between reported diet and changes in lesion mineral levels was apparent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Unilever Dental Research, Port Sunlight Laboratory, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Vernon
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Raven
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Parr
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dundon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015982:Bias; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000378:metabolism*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry*; D003802:Dentifrices; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012107:Research Design; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000378:metabolism; D014099:Toothbrushing
chemical_list: D003802:Dentifrices; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D008903:Minerals; D013395:Sucrose; D012969:Sodium Fluoride