title: Neural prostheses: clinical applications of functional electrical stimulation in spinal cord injury.
abstract: Function lost in spinal cord injury can be partially restored in some patients by electrical stimulation of remaining neurons. Neural prostheses designed for this purpose have been under development for several decades and are now in increasing clinical use. Applications are outlined for restoration of respiration, bladder, bowel and sexual function, exercise, hand grasp and standing and walking.
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peckham
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Creasey
mesh_terms: D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D006801:Humans; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*