title: Thoracic epidural anesthesia via the caudal approach in children.
abstract: We investigated the feasibility of performing thoracic epidural anesthesia via the caudal approach in 20 children (age 62 +/- 38 months and weight 18.5 +/- 7.3 kg; mean +/- standard deviation). Based on external landmarks, a predetermined length of 24-G epidural catheter (Concord Portex 20/24 microcatheter system) with stylet was passed into the epidural space through a 20-G intravenous catheter inserted through the sacrococcygeal ligament, and a radiograph of the abdomen and chest was obtained. The radiographically determined catheter tip position was within two vertebrae of the target position in 17 of 20 subjects. In one subject, it was impossible to advance the catheter more than 10 cm. The other two malpositioned catheters were successfully reinserted. Intraoperative caudal anesthesia and postoperative pain relief were satisfactory in all 20 subjects. We have found it possible to use the caudal approach to thoracic epidural anesthesia in children as old as 10 yr. Ease of removal of the stylet, ease of injection, and negative aspiration and test doses predict successful placement and obviate the need for routine radiographic confirmation of catheter position.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri 63178.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Gunter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eng
mesh_terms: D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal / Q000379:methods*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004824:Epidural Space; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative