title: A new variant of blepharospasm.
abstract: Ten patients who were unable to initiate or sustain eye opening in the absence of overt spasm of the orbicularis oculi, were investigated. In five, the problem was isolated. Three had Parkinson's disease and two progressive supra-nuclear palsy for between one to six years before the eye opening difficulty developed. The clinical features and electrophysiological investigation suggested that the disorder is a variant of blepharospasm due to abnormal contraction in the pre-tarsal orbicularis oculi.
authors.affiliation: National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Elston
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001767:Blinking / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013494:Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014103:Torticollis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins