title: In vivo study of flow pattern at human carotid bifurcation with regard to aneurysm development.
abstract: In order to investigate the developmental mechanism of cerebral aneurysms, the in vivo flow pattern around human cervical carotid bifurcations was studied by flow visualization using digital subtraction angiography with an isotonic contrast medium. The blood stream containing the medium impinged on the apex, then proceeded along the walls of the branches. After opacification of the whole lumen around the apex, most of the medium was carried away, while some remained for a few seconds at the carotid sinus. In the internal carotid artery, the blood struck the wall at an oblique angle near the tops of the arterial curvatures. In cases with atheromatous plaque or kinking of the branch, the blood passed through the stenosed segment and moved upstream, indicating turbulence. The study suggests that haemodynamic forces around the apex consist mainly of impingement on the apex and shear stress to the wall at and around the apex. In branches, high shear stress seems to exist. It might be possible that high shear stress causes degenerative changes in the endothelial layer, initiating the formation of saccular and fusiform cerebral aneurysms.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, Free University of Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cervós-Navarro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pätzold
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokuriki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takebe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors