title: Problems in alloplastic middle ear reconstruction.
abstract: Alloplastic materials have been used in middle ear reconstruction since 1952. Biologically, biomaterials and specifically ceramics can be defined as being bioinert, bioactive or biodegradable; these terms being descriptive of the biochemical response provoked by the material in the host tissue. Various ceramics, carbons and polymers and their reactions have been studied by the author and his colleagues over the past 5 years utilising animal implantation and fibroblast culture studies aligned with experience from clinical usage. The qualities of the ideal alloplastic implant namely: biocompatibility, stabilisation and incorporation, the consistency of the implant and bioactive bonding and the biofunctionality or mechanics, are applied to the materials currently available. No single alloplastic material fulfills all criteria, the problems encountered in relation to the biomaterials are reported. A better understanding of the microstresses, fatigue and microfractures is necessary, before the ideal alloplastic biomaterial becomes available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Mater Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Blayney
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Erre
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lesser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009998:Ossicular Prosthesis; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials