title: Frontal sinus fractures: evaluation of CT scans in 132 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of detection of frontal sinus fractures on initial CT scans of patients with intracranial injuries, and to characterize associated injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The initial head CT scans in 132 patients with clinical or radiographic evidence of a frontal sinus fracture were retrospectively reviewed to further characterize the fracture. Additional radiographic studies and medical records were reviewed to determine associated injuries, therapy, clinical outcome, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 90% (124) of the patients, the frontal sinus fractures were visualized on initial head CT scans that were obtained to evaluate suspected intracranial injury. Complex fractures involving both the anterior and posterior wall of the sinus accounted for 65% of cases (86 patients), whereas fractures of the anterior wall only or posterior wall only occurred in 24% (32) and 11% (14) of patients, respectively. Significant intracranial hemorrhage occurred in over 90% of patients with fractures involving the posterior wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, fractures that involved the posterior wall had more complications and a worse clinical outcome than fractures that only involved the anterior wall; nearly all frontal sinus fractures can be detected on head CT studies in patients with intracranial injuries.
authors.affiliation: University of California San Diego Medical Center, Department of Radiology, CA 92103.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hoyt
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Tien
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed