title: Strategy guidance and memory aiding in learning a problem-solving skill.
abstract: Guidance can help learners overcome the difficulties of getting started in a novel domain, but it is often ineffective in promoting learning and transfer. This article examines two aspects of guidance--communicating solution strategies for a problem domain and providing working memory support--in learning a novel problem-solving skill. Subjects in two experiments learned to troubleshoot simulated information networks. The learning environment varied in type of guidance provided--none, variable template, fixed template, and procedural instruction--and in availability of memory aiding. Variable-template guidance was effective when memory aiding was provided, and procedural instructions produced effective learning with or without memory aiding. However, fixed-template guidance was not effective, and there was no consistent effect of memory aiding in unguided, discovery learning conditions. The results have theoretical implications for the locus of guided-learning effects and suggest practical guidelines for the design of guided-learning environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lundy
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D003195:Computer Communication Networks; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003463:Cues; D006801:Humans; D011939:Mental Recall; D011340:Problem Solving; D014163:Transfer, Psychology