title: The disposition of dapsone in cirrhosis.
abstract: Acetylation and N-hydroxylation of dapsone were evaluated in drug-free, non-smoking, normal subjects and subjects with cirrhosis (n = 7 for each group) after oral administration of 100 mg dapsone. Acetylation was not correlated with oral dapsone clearance or reduced in cirrhosis (0.37 +/- 0.43 versus 0.52 +/- 0.32). Fractional metabolic clearance of dapsone to its hydroxylamine was associated with dapsone oral clearance (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001, n = 14). In patients with cirrhosis, liver disease was associated with a trend to reduction in oral clearance (22%) and metabolic clearance of dapsone (48%). Protein binding was minimally reduced by cirrhosis (73% +/- 1% versus 69% +/- 3% in patients with cirrhosis (p less than 0.02). The dapsone recovery ratio was validated as a phenotypic index of the metabolic clearance of dapsone (r = 0.74, p less than 0.05). In an extended comparison of 14 patients with cirrhosis to 70 control subjects, cirrhosis was associated with reductions of 28% in dapsone recovery ratio (p less than 0.001), and 37% in acetylation ratio (p less than 0.01). Neither dapsone recovery ratio nor acetylation ratio correlated with Pugh Score, conventional liver function tests, indocyanine green clearance, or phenotypic measures of S-mephenytoin hydroxylase or debrisoquin hydroxylase activity. We conclude that cirrhosis is associated with minor changes in dapsone disposition and that dosage modification is not required. In addition, there is evidence that cirrhosis has a selective influence on activity of individual isozymes of cytochrome P450.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nashville, Tenn.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Arns
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ryder
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Branch
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003622:Dapsone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D006898:Hydroxylamines / Q000378:metabolism; D006900:Hydroxylation; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008104:Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D006898:Hydroxylamines; D003622:Dapsone; C018965:monoacetyldapsone; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases