title: Evaluation, prognosis, and medical treatment considerations of metastatic bone tumors.
abstract: Metastatic cancer can cause severe pain and disability. Metastases can occur in any bone, but usually are located in the axial or proximal appendicular skeleton. The most frequently encountered primary tumors that spread to bone are those of the prostate, breast, kidney, lung, and thyroid. When the origin of the primary cancer is known, skeletal metastases are more often from breast or prostate. When the primary site is unknown, the lung and kidney should be suspected as sites of origin. The nonoperative management of skeletal metastases from multiple myeloma and from carcinomas of the prostate, breast, kidney, lung, and thyroid are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Section of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Chicago, Ill 60637.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Brage
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000556:secondary; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009382:Neoplasms, Unknown Primary / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology