title: Occult and overt submucous cleft palate: from peroral examination to nasendoscopy and back again.
abstract: Peroral examination of the soft palate is of greater value than generally recognized. The nasendoscopic examination provides essential information on the velopharyngeal valve physiology and pathology. However, nasendoscopy cannot be performed in individuals who are uncooperative such as young children, patients with personality disturbances or those mentally retarded, or in the presence of severe deformity of the nose. In these patients the peroral examination is of particular practical clinical application. Forty cases of occult and overt submucous cleft palate were included in the present study. We describe the contribution of systematic assessment of the soft palate intraorally, based on a correlation with nasendoscopic examination of the velopharyngeal valve in speech. An accurate peroral examination can provide additional information on abnormality of the velar musculature as well as the existence of Passavant's ridge. This information is particularly important in children who are too young for nasendoscopix examination, but because of their poor speech intelligibility, early diagnosis and treatment are imperative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Hasharon Hospital, Golda Medical Center, Petah Tiqua, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hauben
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Talmi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nachmani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zohar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002933:Cineradiography; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000473:pathology; D010159:Palate / Q000473:pathology; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000473:pathology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000473:pathology; D010699:Phonation; D010700:Phonetics; D010808:Physical Examination; D014609:Uvula / Q000473:pathology