title: Medical audit in general practice. II: Effects on health of patients with common childhood conditions. North of England Study of Standards and Performance in General Practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the effects of medical audit, particularly setting clinical standards, on patients' health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before and after study strengthened by a replicated Latin square.
  
  
  METHODS
  62 training general practices in the north of England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random sample of 9000 children with any of five conditions--acute cough, acute vomiting, bedwetting, itchy rash, and recurrent wheezy chest--stratified by doctor consulted, condition, and age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical standard set by each of 10 small groups comprising 84 general practitioner trainers for one randomly selected childhood condition. Each group also experienced a different type of medical audit, randomly selected, for each of the four other study conditions (receiving a clinical standard set by another trainer group, tabulated data comparing clinical performance with that of all other groups, tabulated data from only their own group, and nothing ("control" condition)).
  
  
  METHODS
  Condition specific, functional, psychological, and educational outcomes; together with parent satisfaction (recorded by home interviews and postal questionnaires).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children consulting trainers for recurrent wheezy chest after those doctors had set a standard for that condition improved both in drug compliance (79% (n = 33) before standard setting v 93% (30) after) and mean number of days of breathlessness (3.8 (SE 1.0) before v 1.7 (0.6) after) and wheeziness (4.7 (0.9) before v 1.8 (0.6) after), compared with those consulting doctors who had not (compliance 74% (144) before v 72% (146) after; breathlessness 2.4 (0.4) before v 2.3 (0.3) after; wheeziness 3.0 (0.4) before v 2.7 (0.4) after). There were no other significant effects of standard setting or audit on patients' health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Setting clinical standards improved drug compliance and respiratory function in children with recurrent wheezy chest.
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D004739:England; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008485:Medical Audit; D010290:Parents; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012008:Recurrence; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome