title: Glucose sensing of individual pancreatic beta-cells involves transitions between steady-state and oscillatory cytoplasmic Ca2+.
abstract: Glucose stimulation of individual pancreatic beta-cells is associated with a rise of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) manifested either as large amplitude oscillations (0.2-0.5/min) or as a sustained increase. Determinants for the transitions between the basal and the two stimulated states have now been studied using dual-wavelength fluorometric measurements on individual ob/ob mouse beta-cells loaded with the Ca2+ indicator Fura-2. The transition from the basal state to large amplitude oscillations was induced by raising the glucose concentration to 7 mM or above. The frequencies and shapes of the [Ca2+]i cycles remained largely unaffected when raising glucose as high as 40 mM. However, in some cells the oscillatory pattern was transformed into a sustained increase of [Ca2+]i at high glucose concentrations. Although the peak values for the oscillations exceeded the steady-state increase, the time average [Ca2+]i was higher during the latter phase. Both types of glucose-induced transitions were facilitated by the presence of 1-100 nM glucagon. Protein kinase C activation by 10 nM of the phorbol ester TPA resulted in a transformation of the glucose-induced oscillations into a sustained increase of [Ca2+]i but the levels reached were considerably lower than obtained with glucose alone. It is concluded that the glucose sensing of the individual beta-cell is based on sudden transitions between steady-state and oscillating cytoplasmic Ca2+. It is these transitions rather than alterations of the oscillatory characteristics which determine the average [Ca2+]i regulating insulin release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grapengiesser
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gylfe
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hellman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium