title: Cytogenetic evidence of gene amplification in urothelial cancer--a possible mechanism of tumor invasiveness.
abstract: A cytogenetically detectable form of gene amplification, presumably oncogene amplification, double minute chromosomes, has been found in 11 out of 45 specimens (24%) of moderately and poorly differentiated, deeply infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and ureter. None of the 75 low-grade low-stage tumors contained this karyotypic anomaly. It is obvious that double minutes are not a rare and sporadic phenomenon in this type of tumors; additionally there is strong evidence that they are involved in tumor progression, i.e. they are associated with tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Stomatology, University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milasin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mićić
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics*; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D005784:Gene Amplification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000235:genetics*; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology