title: Evidence for the conservation of an immunoreactive monokine network in invertebrates.
abstract: Mytilus edulis, a marine bivalve mollusc, contains hemocytes that share certain properties with cells of the human monocyte-macrophage lineage. Because of this and previously reported similar responses to opioids between Mytilus hemocytes and human granulocytes, we determined whether Mytilus might also possess monokines or an immune monokine-like network. We chose to study two monokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). We found that Mytilus hemocytes respond to recombinant human IL-1 and TNF in a fashion similar to human granulocytes. Furthermore, we show that as in the human system, it appears that IL-1 mediates at least part of its effects through immunoreactive (ir) TNF in Mytilus. Finally, we show that Mytilus hemolymph contains ir IL-1 and TNF. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of these substances in this system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Stefano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000276:immunology*; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013045:Species Specificity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha