title: Onset of insensibility at slaughter in calves: effects of electroplectic seizure and exsanguination on spontaneous electrocortical activity and indices of cerebral metabolism.
abstract: Cerebral venous and femoral arterial blood samples were collected from 21 young calves either during electrical stunning and recovery or electrical stunning and slaughter by carotid severance or slaughter without stunning. The blood samples were analysed for PO2, PCO2, pH, glucose and lactate. The results were compared with simultaneous recordings of spontaneous electrocortical (ECOG) activity. Calves subjected to head-only electrical stunning and slaughter became permanently insensible at the time of the stun. The six calves slaughtered without stunning lost sensibility within 10 seconds. One calf, in which a clot formed in the carotid arteries inhibiting bleeding, maintained some evidence of cortical activity beyond 52 seconds; this was high amplitude low frequency activity and analysis by Fast Fourier Transform showed sensibility was not regained. In the remaining calves the ECOG activity was lost on average within 49 +/- 3.5 (SEM) seconds after slaughter. The cerebral extraction of metabolites increased after carotid severance, indicating inadequacy of cerebral bloodflow after slaughter. No correlations were found between indices of cerebral metabolism and the time of loss of cortical function.
authors.affiliation: Meat Industry Research Institute of New Zealand Inc, Hamilton.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bager
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Braggins
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Graafhuis
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mellor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavener
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Upsdell
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007773:Lactates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen