title: Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of extremely slow flow in a model shunt system.
abstract: Shunt malfunction is common and its diagnosis may require invasive testing that may be inaccurate or result in complications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may prove to be a useful noninvasive test of shunt function as it has been shown that MRI is capable of measuring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows from 2 ml/h to 40 ml/h in model systems. Since flows in functioning shunt systems can be less than 2 ml/h, MRI must be sensitive enough to detect flow in this range in order to be a valid test for shunt function. Continuing previous studies, we have studied MRI flow-related enhancement at flow rates from 0 to 2 ml/h. Multiple spin echo scans (TR2000, TE20) were made through a specialized section of tubing in a model shunt system. The intensity of the MRI signal at points known to demonstrate maximal flow-related enhancement was measured. A linear relationship was demonstrated between signal intensity and flow as low as 0.8 ml/h. These results add support to the concept that MRI is sensitive enough to detect the lowest flows present in functioning shunt systems and therefore may be useful as a noninvasive test of shunt function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buonocore
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hein
mesh_terms: D015170:Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*