title: Screening test for detection of metallic foreign objects in the orbit before magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A study was designed to determine whether plain films, used as a screening modality for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), could reliably detect intraorbital metallic foreign objects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first experiment, 20 metal particles were placed in five human cadaver orbits. Routine orbital plain film series and computed tomography (CT) were obtained, randomized, and interpreted blinded by three experienced radiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The threshold size of particle detection for CT (0.07 mm3) was lower than for plain films (0.12 mm3). Placing metal particles in artificial and true vitreous demonstrated that all particles moved under a magnetic field at 1.5 T. When human globes were exposed to industrial tools (grinder, bandsaw, air hose, etc.), no metal objects penetrated the sclera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plain films can be used as a low-cost, low-radiation screening procedure for high-risk patients with occupations involving metal work. CT should be used for patients with a history of eye trauma from other causes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Florida J. Hillis Memorial Health Center, Gainesville.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Virapongse
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emerson
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malot
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Kaude
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Staab
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008670:Metals; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009915:Orbit; D012306:Risk; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D008670:Metals