title: A phase II trial of interleukin-2 and interferon alfa-2a in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A phase II trial that used a regimen of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon alfa-2a (IFN-alpha) was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of this combination in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four assessable patients were treated with one to two induction cycles of IL-2 administered by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion at a dose of 3 x 10(6) U/m2/d [corrected] for 4 days per week plus IFN-alpha administered by subcutaneous injection at a dose of 5 x 10(6) U/m2/d [corrected] for 4 days per week for 3 consecutive weeks. A maintenance regimen of IL-2 2 x 10(6) U/m2/d [corrected] given by continuous IV infusion for 5 days per week plus IFN-alpha subcutaneously at a dose of 6 x 10(6) U/m2/d [corrected] that was given 3 days per week for 3 weeks was administered for one to five cycles. Twenty-eight patients (82%) completed one to two induction cycles, and 14 patients (41%) received maintenance doses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major responses were achieved in four patients (12%), which included one complete response (CR) in a bone metastasis. Responses were observed in patients both with and without prior nephrectomy as well as in a primary tumor. Toxicity was moderately severe and included two treatment-related deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of the minimal antitumor activity and associated toxicity, the combination of IL-2 and IFN-alpha in this trial cannot be recommended. The investigation of new cytokines and the identification of biologic prognostic factors for a response to immunologic therapy are essential.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ilson
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Motzer
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kradin
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Vogelzang
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bajorin
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Scher
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nanus
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Moore
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marathias
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bosl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012074:Remission Induction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins