title: Determination of organophosphorous and carbamate insecticides by flow injection analysis.
abstract: A flow injection system, incorporating an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) single bead string reactor (SBSR), for the determination of some organophosphorous (azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, bromophos-methyl, dichlorovos, fenitrothion, malathion, paraoxon, parathion-ethyl and parathion-methyl) and carbamate insecticides (carbofuran and carbaryl) is presented. The detector is a simple pH electrode with a wall-jet entry. Variations in enzyme activity due to inhibition are measured from pH changes when the substrate (acetylcholine) is injected before and after the passage of the solution containing the insecticide. The percentage inhibition of enzyme activity is correlated to the insecticide concentration. Several parameters influencing the performance of the system are studied and discussed. The detection limits of the insecticides ranged from 0.5 to 275 ppb. The determination of these compounds was conducted in Hepes buffer and a synthetic sea water preparation. The enzyme reactor can be regenerated after inhibition with a dilute solution of 2-PAM and be reused for analysis. The immobilized enzyme did not lose any activity up to 12 weeks when stored at 4 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biotechnology, Ecole des Mines de St.-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumaran
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tran-Minh
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D002219:Carbamates; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D007306:Insecticides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000109:Acetylcholine