title: In vitro antibiotic susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in the Philippines.
abstract: Antibiotic susceptibility surveillance testing was performed on clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae collected in September 1989 in the Philippines. beta-Lactamase was produced by 77 (55%) of 140 isolates. In vitro MIC testing revealed significant resistance to penicillin (MIC for 90% of isolates [MIC90], greater than 64 micrograms/ml), tetracycline (MIC90, 4 micrograms/ml), and cefmetazole (MIC90, 8 micrograms/ml). Spectinomycin resistance was rare (10 of 117), but the MIC90 was 32 micrograms/ml. Isolates were susceptible to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins at the time of this survey, as evidenced by the MIC90s of ciprofloxacin (0.25 microgram/ml), norfloxacin (2.0 micrograms/ml), ofloxacin (0.625 microgram/ml), cefpodoxime (2.0 micrograms/ml), cefotaxime (1.0 microgram/ml), ceftazidime (0.25 microgram/ml), ceftizoxime (0.25 microgram/ml), and ceftriaxone (0.06 microgram/ml). To date, ceftriaxone resistance has not emerged, despite the widespread use of this antibiotic in the Philippines.
authors.affiliation: Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Unit Six, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 96860-5040.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Clendennen
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hames
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kees
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rueppel
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Andrada
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kabrerra
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Wignall
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D010679:Philippines; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D001618:beta-Lactamases