title: Role of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in active hyperemia of the canine diaphragm.
abstract: To assess the effect of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) on diaphragmatic vascular resistance at rest and during contractions, we studied an in situ isolated diaphragm preparation in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs. The arterial supply of the left diaphragm (phrenic artery) was catheterized and perfused with arterial blood at a fixed flow rate. Drugs were infused through a side port of the arterial catheter at 1/100th of the phrenic arterial flow. The inferior phrenic vein was catheterized to complete the isolation from the systemic circulation. Three sets of experiments were performed. In set 1 (n = 3), we infused endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine, ACh) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) dilators at increasing concentrations. ACh and SNP infusion elicited a dose-dependent decline in phrenic vascular resistance (Rphr) at concentrations greater than 10(-8) M and 0.50 micrograms/ml, respectively. In set 2 (n = 15), we infused an inhibitor of EDRF synthesis and release, L-argininosuccinic acid (ArgSA), at increasing concentrations (10(-4), 3 x 10(-4), and 6 x 10(-4) M). ArgSA produced a dose-dependent increase in Rphr. Infusion of another EDRF inhibitor (NG-nitro-L-arginine, LNA, 6 x 10(-4) M) elicited increase in Rphr similar to that induced by ArgSA. In set 3 (n = 25), we infused ArgSA or LNA (6 x 10(-4) M) simultaneously with ACh and SNP and during sustained (2-Hz) contractions of the diaphragm. Both ArgSA and LNA completely reversed ACh vasodilation, whereas SNP vasodilation was reversed by 26 and 11%, respectively. ArgSA or LNA infusion during contractions reversed vasodilation by 48 and 52%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Division, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ludemann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magder
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001125:Argininosuccinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009599:Nitroprusside; D019335:Nitroarginine; D001125:Argininosuccinic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D000109:Acetylcholine