title: Cytokine secretion by immune cells in space.
abstract: Cultured, bone marrow-derived macrophages, murine spleen and lymph node cells, and human lymphocytes were tested for their ability to secrete cytokines in space. Lipopolysaccharide-activated bone marrow macrophages were found to secrete significantly more interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor when stimulated in space than when stimulated on earth. Murine spleen cells stimulated with poly I:C in space released significantly more interferon-alpha at 1 and 14 hours after stimulation than cells stimulated on earth. Similarly, murine lymph node T cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes, stimulated with concanavalin A in space, secreted significantly more interferon-gamma than ground controls. These data suggest that space flight has a significant enhancing effect on immune cell release of cytokines in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-4901.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chapes
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Guikema
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Spooner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002470:Cell Survival; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D013026:Space Flight; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma