title: Neuropsychological and neurological manifestations of HIV-1 dementia in drug users.
abstract: The cognitive and motor deficits associated with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection have been studied using neurological examination and neuropsychological tests. However, drug users with HIV-1 infection generally have been excluded from such studies. Forty-four well-characterized drug users stratified by Centers for Disease Control staging were administered a standardized neurological examination and a battery of neuropsychological tests under single-blind conditions designed to minimize the acute effects of psychoactive substances. The results of the blind neurological examination were consistent with the previously ascertained clinical staging of HIV-1 infection. The pattern of neuropsychological deficits across HIV-1 states was similar to those found in cohorts of homosexual men.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Service, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Handelsman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aronson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiener
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ness
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Losonczy
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D003042:Cocaine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015497:HIV-1; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine