title: Induction of donor-specific tolerance to rat cardiac allografts by intrathymic inoculation of bone marrow.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Induction of donor-specific tolerance to tissue or organ allografts can readily be achieved by administration of allogeneic bone marrow to neonatal rodents; however, in adult recipients induction of transplantation tolerance by this strategy generally requires intensive cytoablative conditioning. Described here is a novel method of promoting transplantation tolerance that involves inoculation of donor bone marrow into the thymus of transiently immunosuppressed adult recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective Wistar-Furth recipients were inoculated with allogeneic Lewis bone marrow cells (BMCs) either intrathymically or intravenously in conjunction with a single dose of antilymphocyte serum 2 to 3 weeks before receiving donor-strain cardiac allografts. Recipients were monitored for graft survival and examined for presence of hematopoietic chimerism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intrathymic but not intravenous inoculation of donor BMCs led to permanent survival of donor-strain cardiac allografts, whereas third-party Dark agouti cardiac allografts were rejected promptly. Persistence of donor chimerism was demonstrated in the thymus of Wistar-Furth recipients of intrathymic Lewis BMCs for as long as 3 weeks after BMC inoculation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrathymic inoculation of BMCs concurrently with a single dose of antilymphocyte serum induces donor-specific unresponsiveness to rat cardiac allografts. The unresponsiveness may be the result of deletion or functional inactivation of alloreactive clones maturing in a thymus bearing donor alloantigen. Intrathymic inoculation of BMCs deserves further evaluation as a possible clinical strategy for the induction of transplantation tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Odorico
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Posselt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D006085:Graft Survival; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D011920:Rats, Inbred WF; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous