title: Rapid detection of the mecA gene in methicillin-resistant staphylococci by enzymatic detection of polymerase chain reaction products.
abstract: In order to identify methicillin-resistant staphylococci from clinical sources with ease and reliability, enzymatic detection of polymerase chain reaction (ED-PCR) was applied. ED-PCR is based on the capture of amplified products via biotin-streptavidin affinity and the detection of an incorporated hapten in amplified products with an enzyme-linked antibody. In order to identify methicillin-resistant staphylococci of all species, a 150-bp fragment of the mecA gene was targeted for ED-PCR. After PCR was performed with a pair of biotin and dinitrophenol 5'-labeled primers, the reaction mixture was applied to a microtiter well precoated with streptavidin. Thereafter, bound PCR products were detected colorimetrically with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-dinitrophenol antibody. The extraction of DNA from staphylococcal cells for PCR was simplified so that it could be performed within one tube. The total assay, including PCR, took less than 3 h. The sensitivity of mecA gene detection ranged from greater than 5 x 10(2) CFU per tube for Staphylococcus aureus to greater than 5 x 10(3) CFU per tube for Staphylococcus epidermidis. Genotyping results obtained by ED-PCR of 161 tested strains from the colonies (97 strains of S. aureus and 64 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci) were compared with the phenotypic susceptibilities of the strains to oxacillin. The results of ED-PCR showed excellent agreement with the MICs of oxacillin with very few exceptions; only one strain of S. aureus and two strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci were found to possess the mecA gene, which was discrepant with their phenotypes. Fifty-five blood culture samples were also tested by ED-PCR. For staphylococcal isolates in 33 of the cultures, oxacillin MICs were >4 microgram/ml; 31 of the 33 staphylococcal isolates were determined by ED-PCR to be mecA gene positive. These results suggest that ED-PCR can be used with reasonable confidence in the clinical microbiological laboratory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ubukata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakagami
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konno
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001483:Base Sequence; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010068:Oxacillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D010068:Oxacillin