title: Orally active aldose reductase inhibitors: indazoleacetic, oxopyridazineacetic, and oxopyridopyridazineacetic acid derivatives.
abstract: Benzothiazole side chains featured in zopolrestat (1a) and its congeners were incorporated into oxophthalazineacetic acid replacements, including indazole, pyridazinone, and pyridopyridazinone with a pendant acetic acid moiety. Potent aldose reductase inhibition activity among resulting compounds is as widespread as it is in the earlier zopolrestat series, thus lending further support to our hypothesis that there is a binding site on the aldose reductase enzyme with strong affinity for benzothiazoles. Representative new compounds 1-[(5,7-difluoro-2-benzothiazolyl)-methyl]-1H-indazoleacetic acid (62), [6-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)benzothiazol-2-yl]methyl]-8-oxo- 6H-pyrido[2,3-d]-pyridazin-5-yl]acetic acid (70), 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-5,6-dimethyl-3-[(5,7-difluorobenzothiazol-2-yl) methyl]-1-pyridazineacetic acid (79), and 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-5,6-cyclohexano-3-[[5-(trifluoromethyl) benzothiazol-2-yl]-methyl]-1-pyridazineacetic acid (82) are potent aldose reductase inhibitors with IC50s of 30, 2.1, 5, and 52.2 nM, respectively. The best of these compounds, 79 and 82, also inhibit accumulation of sorbitol in rat sciatic nerve in a model of diabetic complications, when administered orally at 10 mg/kg. The inhibition values are 76 and 61%, respectively. In addition to benzothiazole, we have examined its surrogates effective in potentiating aldose reductase inhibition activity, including benzoxazole and aryl[1,2,4]oxadiazole. Structure-activity relationships emerging from this program are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut 06340.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Mylari
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zembrowski
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Aldinger
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001665:Binding Sites; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007191:Indazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000378:metabolism; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D007191:Indazoles; D011724:Pyridazines; D013844:Thiazoles; C075248:3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-5,6-dimethyl-3-((5,7-difluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)methyl)-1-pyridazineacetic acid; C075249:3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-5,6-cyclohexano-3-((5-(trifluoromethyl)benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl)-1-pyridazineacetic acid; D013012:Sorbitol; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase