title: Leukemia inhibitory factor/differentiation-stimulating factor (LIF/D-factor): regulation of its production and possible roles in bone metabolism.
abstract: Leukemia inhibitory factor/differentiation-stimulating factor (LIF/D-factor), expression of its mRNA, and possible roles in bone metabolism were studied in murine primary and clonal osteoblast-like cells. Local bone-resorbing factors such as IL-1, TNF alpha, and LPS strongly induced expression of LIF/D-factor mRNA in both clonal MC3T3-E1 cells and primary osteoblast-like cells. Neither parathyroid hormone nor 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulated expression of LIF/D-factor mRNA. LIF/D-factor per se did not stimulate expression of its own mRNA. Appreciable amounts of LIF/D-factor were detected in synovial fluids from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients but not in those with osteoarthritis (OA). Simultaneous treatment with LIF/D-factor, IL-1, and IL-6 at the concentrations found in synovial fluids from RA patients greatly enhanced bone resorption, though these cytokines did not stimulate bone resorption when separately applied. This suggests that LIF/D-factor produced by osteoblasts is in concert with other bone-resorbing cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-6 involved in the bone resorption seen in the joints of RA patients. LIF/D-factor specifically bound to MC3T3-E1 cells with an apparent dissociation constant of 161 pM and 1,100 binding sites/cell. LIF/D-factor dose-dependently suppressed incorporation of [3H]thymidine into MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, it potentiated the alkaline phosphatase activity induced by retinoic acid, though LIF/D-factor alone had no effect on enzyme activity. These results suggest that LIF/D-factor is involved in not only osteoclastic bone resorption but also osteoblast differentiation in conjugation with other osteotropic factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishimi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miyaura
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oshida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hozumi
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000502:physiology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C507838:Lif protein, mouse; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014212:Tretinoin; D000135:Acid Phosphatase