title: Evidence for a sialosyl cation transition-state complex in the reaction of sialidase from influenza virus.
abstract: The enzyme mechanism of sialidase from influenza virus has been investigated by kinetic isotope methods, NMR, and a molecular dynamics simulation of the enzyme-substrate complex. Comparison of the reaction rates obtained with the synthetic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-neuraminic acid and the [3,3-2H]-substituted substrate revealed beta-deuterium isotope effects for V/Km ranging over 1.09-1.15 in the pH range 6.0-9.5, whereas the effects observed for V in this pH range increased from 0.979 to 1.07. In D2O, beta DV/Km was slightly increased by 2% and 5% at pD 6.0 and 9.5 respectively, while beta DV was unchanged. Solvent isotope effects of 1.74 were obtained for both beta DV/Km and beta DV at pD 9.5, with beta DV/Km decreasing and beta DV remaining constant at acidic pD. 1H-NMR experiments confirmed that the initial product of the reaction is the alpha-anomer of N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid. Molecular dynamics studies identified a water molecule in the crystal structure of the sialidase-N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid complex which is hydrogen-bonded to Asp151 and is available to act as a proton donor source in the enzyme reaction. The results of this study lead us to propose a mechanism for the solvent-mediated hydrolysis of substrate by sialidase that requires the formation of an endocyclic sialosyl cation transition-state intermediate.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Victorian College of Pharmacy (Monash University), Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pegg
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Itzstein
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002412:Cations; D003903:Deuterium; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000201:enzymology*; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D012794:Sialic Acids; D003903:Deuterium; D009439:Neuraminidase