title: Atlanto-occipital fusion in two polled Hereford calves.
abstract: Two cases of atlanto-occipital fusion were diagnosed in Polled Hereford calves. The cause, genetic or environmental, of this abnormality could not be determined. Since relatively minor traumatic forces during birth can cause severe injury in the head region, atlanto-occipital fusion should be ruled out in calves dying acutely after assisted parturition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Engelken
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Leipold
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Spire
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Cash
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001269:Atlanto-Occipital Joint / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002417:Cattle / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male