title: Isoflurane anesthesia prevents unconscious learning.
abstract: We investigated whether greater than or equal to 0.6 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane suppresses learning of information presented verbally. Preoperatively, we asked 45 healthy patients (aged 23-58 yr) undergoing elective surgery 15 general knowledge questions designed to arouse their curiosity. They were told that they would be given the answers during anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane and nitrous oxide (25 subjects also received 1.1 +/- 0.6 mg/kg of propofol). The trachea was intubated with the aid of vecuronium (0.07 mg/kg IV). Isoflurane in oxygen was given to provide 0.6 MAC before and 1.0 and 1.4 MAC during surgery. After 10 min at each of two of the three MAC levels, the answers were given to five of the questions. At the remaining concentration, patients received a message to either touch an ear (n = 30) or keep their arms still (n = 15) during the postoperative interview. Twenty-four hours later, patients were asked whether they recalled intraoperative events. They were then asked to answer the 15 questions, choosing from five possible answers to each, one of which was correct. The number of times each patient touched an ear during this interview was noted. No patient consciously recalled events during anesthesia. The number of questions answered correctly postoperatively did not differ according to whether the answers had been provided during anesthesia (at any isoflurane concentration) or had not been provided (control questions). The number of ear-touches postoperatively did not differ between those who had and had not received the intraoperative message encouraging ear-touching.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco 94143-0648.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Eger
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D015742:Propofol; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000523:psychology*; D014474:Unconsciousness
chemical_list: D007530:Isoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D015742:Propofol