title: Distribution and co-localization of immunoreactive helospectin with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and peptide histidine methionine in human nasal mucosa, soft palate and larynx.
abstract: Regulatory peptide immunoreactivities reported in the upper respiratory system of man include vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine methionine (PHM), which are co-localized in a network of fine varicose nerve fibers. The present study was undertaken to examine the possible occurrence and distribution of the recently described VIP-like peptide helospectin. Double immunofluorescence labelling showed that helospectin is co-localized with VIP and PHM. In addition to nerve fibers containing all three peptides, scattered nerve fibers were detected that were only immunoreactive to helospectin but not to VIP and/or PHM. The distribution of helospectin/VIP/PHM immunoreactive nerve fibers around blood vessels and in close relationship to seromucous glands indicates their possible involvement in the regulation of blood flow and secretion.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, University of Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hauser-Kronberger
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Hacker
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sundler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thurner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Albegger
mesh_terms: D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007830:Larynx / Q000473:pathology*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000294:innervation*; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis*; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000294:innervation*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis*; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000032:analysis*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000294:innervation
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; C043046:helospectin I