title: Distal phocomelia of the forearm in a thirteenth-century skeleton from Poland.
abstract: The skeleton of a 35- to 40-year-old male (A.D. 1250 to 1300) with distal phocomelia (intercalary transverse) of the right forearm and severe (90-100 degrees) right-sided scoliosis is examined. Congenital malformation of the the right forearm resulted in absence of the radius and ulna, and attachment of the upper arm and hand to the trunk. Lesser abnormalities consist of a-hypoplastic right scapula and misshapened ribs and sternum. This rare deformity reflects the variability and antiquity of congenital malformations of the upper limb.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiercinska
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Scheffrahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D004480:Ectromelia / Q000266:history* / Q000473:pathology; D005542:Forearm / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D010164:Paleopathology; D011044:Poland; D012540:Scapula / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000266:history / Q000473:pathology