title: Hemodynamic evaluation before and after closure of fenestrated Fontan. An acute study of changes in oxygen delivery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute changes in hemodynamics and oxygen delivery accompanying temporary occlusion of atrial defects in 14 patients after a fenestrated Fontan procedure were evaluated at a median interval of 32 days after surgery to identify candidates for permanent transcatheter closure of their defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients ranged in age from 9 months to 33 years and in weight from 7.9 to 69 kg. Right atrial (RA), left atrial (LA), and aortic pressures, mixed venous (SmvO2) and aortic (SaO2) oxygen saturation, and whole-body oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured, and systemic blood flow (Qs), systemic oxygen transport (SOT), and oxygen extraction were calculated before and after occlusion. SmvO2, VO2, and RA pressures did not change, but SaO2 increased from 84 +/- 6% to 95 +/- 3% (p less than 0.05), and LA pressures fell from 5.1 +/- 3.6 to 3.7 +/- 2.2 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). Qs fell from 2.4 +/- 0.7 to 1.8 +/- 0.41.min-1.m-2 (p less than 0.05), SOT fell from 425 +/- 154 to 366 +/- 112 ml.O2.min-1.m-2 (p less than 0.05), and oxygen extraction increased from 0.40 +/- 0.12 to 0.46 +/- 0.13 (p less than 0.05). Only one patient did not undergo definitive closure of his defect because of a marked decrease in Qs and SOT with a significant rise in RA pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although delayed closure of an atrial defect in these patients improved morbidity and mortality, the complete separation of the venous and systemic circulations was accomplished at the expense of decreased Qs and oxygen delivery despite the improved level of arterial oxygenation. The resting levels of oxygen extraction are elevated and will be associated with decreased exercise capability. The long-term benefits of closure of these fenestrations are yet to be shown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. 06510.
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Hijazi
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Fahey
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kopf
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hellenbrand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D001692:Biological Transport; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002404:Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006325:Heart Atria; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010100:Oxygen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011312:Pressure
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen