title: Angiographic and clinical outcome of intracoronary stenting: immediate and long-term results from a large single-center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate and long-term angiographic and clinical results of coronary stenting.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although preliminary trials of endovascular stenting have demonstrated promising results, lack of long-term follow-up has limited the critical evaluation of the role of coronary stenting in the treatment of obstructive coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 250 procedures using the Palmaz-Schatz stent, performed in 220 patients between June 1988 and July 1991, were examined. Minimal lumen diameter of the treated segments was measured on angiograms obtained before, after and 6 months after intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stent placement was successful in 246 (98%) of 250 lesions, reducing diameter stenosis from 77% to -2.5%. There were no deaths or Q wave myocardial infarctions. One patient (0.4%) required emergency bypass surgery and one (0.4%) developed subacute thrombosis. Femoral vascular complications occurred in 36 patients (16%). Six-month angiographic follow-up was obtained in 91% of eligible patients. The overall angiographic restenosis rate (stenosis greater than or equal to 50%) was 25%. By univariable analysis, the rate of restenosis was significantly higher for stents in the left anterior descending versus the right coronary artery (44% vs. 12%; p = 0.002); in diabetic patients (56% vs. 20%; p = 0.006), and in vessels with post-stent lumen diameter less than 3.31 mm (34% vs. 16%; p = 0.05). Stenting of the left anterior descending artery was the strongest predictor (p = 0.01) of restenosis in a multivariable model. Total survival was 97% and event-free survival (freedom from death, myocardial infarction or revascularization) was 70% at 36 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Palmaz-Schatz stents can be placed successfully with a low incidence of major complications. The angiographic restenosis rate was 25%, and 70% of patients remained free of cardiovascular events at 3 years. Diabetes, small postprocedure lumen diameter and stenting of the left anterior descending artery are associated with higher rates of restenosis.
authors.affiliation: Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Carrozza
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kuntz
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pomerantz
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Senerchia
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Diver
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Safian
mesh_terms: D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012008:Recurrence; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome