title: Fluoride intake from beverage consumption in a sample of North Carolina children.
abstract: Since the 1940's, the prevalence of dental fluorosis has increased in the US, concomitant with a reduction in dental decay. These changes have been attributed in part to the widespread use of systemic and topical fluorides. Various sources of increased systemic fluoride exposure have been investigated. However, little is known regarding fluoride intake from beverages in a sample of children of ages susceptible to dental fluorosis. The purpose of this study was to estimate the amount of fluoride ingested from beverages by a sample of North Carolina (NC) children of ages 2-10 years. Data on beverage consumption were collected by means of a diary format. A questionnaire was included so that demographic information and self-assessment on the accuracy of the diaries could be obtained. Beverages reported in the diaries were purchased, and their fluoride content was assayed. Daily total fluid intake ranged from 970 to 1240 mL, and daily beverage consumption ranged from 585 to 756 mL. The estimated mean daily fluoride intakes from beverages for children 2-3, 4-6, and 7-10 years of age were 0.36, 0.54, and 0.60 mg, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of North Carolina, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill 27599-7450.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bawden
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008892:Milk / Q000032:analysis; D009657:North Carolina; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea; D014867:Water; D005459:Fluorides