Merocyanine-sensitized photoinactivation of enveloped viruses.
A wide range of enveloped viruses, including human herpes simplex virus type 1, human cytomegalovirus, human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, Sindbis virus, and Friend erythroleukemia virus, are highly susceptible to merocyanine 540 (MC 540)-sensitized photoinactivation. By contrast, human pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells, red cells, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor are much less sensitive. This suggests that MC 540 may be useful for the inactivation of enveloped viruses in blood and blood products. The dye has a low acute systemic toxicity, is rapidly eliminated from the blood stream, and has little or no mutagenic potential. The currently available data support the view that MC 540-sensitized photo-inactivation interferes with early events in the infectious process, notably the ability of the virus to adhere to and penetrate its host cell. The viral envelope is a major target of photodynamic damages which appear to be mediated at least in part by singlet molecular oxygen.
Sieber
F
F
Department of Pediatrics, Midwest Children's Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
O'Brien
J M
JM
Gaffney
D K
DK
D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D016465:Bone Marrow Purging / Q000379:methods*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010777:Photochemistry; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D018406:Virus Physiological Phenomena; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001798:Blood Proteins; D008081:Liposomes; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; C003954:merocyanine dye; D010100:Oxygen