title: Anemia and hemoglobin levels in older persons: relationship with age, gender, and health status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship of hemoglobin levels and anemia with age and health status in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hematologic tests were obtained from 3,946 adults aged greater than or equal to 71 years in three communities (East Boston, MA; Iowa and Washington counties, IA; and New Haven, CT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemoglobin level was inversely associated with age, although this was more pronounced in men than in women. The proportion anemic was equal for men and women aged 71-74 years (8.6%) and increased differentially with age, reaching 41% and 21% for men and women aged greater than or equal to 90 years, respectively. Hemoglobin and anemia were independently associated with age, race, body-mass index, smoking, cancer, hospitalization, renal insufficiency, and hypoalbuminemia. The adjusted relative odds of anemia for a 5-year increase in age was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-1.8) for men and 1.2 (95% CI 1.1-1.4) for women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age is significantly associated with both hemoglobin levels and anemia, with a stronger effect in men compared with women, even after simultaneously adjusting for demographic characteristics and health status. The decline of hemoglobin and concomitant increased anemia with age is not necessarily a result of "normal aging" so the detection of anemia in an older person should prompt appropriate clinical attention.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Salive
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cornoni-Huntley
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guralnik
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ostfeld
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins