title: Composite rhytidectomy.
abstract: Signs of aging in the face reflect the change in position of deep anatomic elements, which are the platysma muscle, cheek fat, and the orbicularis oculi muscle. These changes occur from progressive ptosis of these elements, which continue to keep their intimate relationship with each other throughout the aging process. Conventional face lift procedures disrupt this normal relationship by separating the skin from these elements. All SMAS techniques reposition only the platysma muscle without repositioning the cheek fat and orbicularis muscle. This composite rhytidectomy allows elevation of a composite musculocutaneous flap containing all three elements for repositioning while maintaining their intimate relationship with each other and with the skin. One-hundred and sixty-seven composite rhytidectomies have been done with impressive results and minimal complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Dallas.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Hamra
mesh_terms: D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*