title: Drug-induced renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review drug-induced renal disease with emphasis on current issues and practical problems with commonly used agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  English language literature search using MEDLINE, Index Medicus, textbook articles and relevant reviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Drugs in common use were reviewed in detail. Uncommonly used drugs or those with only a few reports of nephrotoxicity were excluded from this review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical patterns of nephrotoxicity include an episode of acute deterioration of renal function, chronic renal failure and proteinuria which may be severe enough to cause the nephrotic syndrome. Diagnosis is made by clinical suspicion, distinctive clinical patterns and usually improvement in renal function on drug withdrawal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high index of suspicion is necessary to detect drug-induced renal disease particularly with increasing availability of over-the-counter drugs. Drugs should always be suspected of causing renal disease where no alternative cause is obvious. When any doubt exists the agent in question should be withdrawn.
authors.affiliation: Renal Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Mathew
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000009:adverse effects; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced; D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000139:chemically induced; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000139:chemically induced; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000082:Acetaminophen