title: Cardiopulmonary and behavioral effects of combinations of acepromazine/butorphanol and acepromazine/oxymorphone in dogs.
abstract: Cardiopulmonary and behavioral effects of the following tranquilizer-opioid drug combinations were compared in conscious dogs: acepromazine (0.22 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and butorphanol (0.22 mg/kg, IV); acepromazine (0.22 mg/kg, IM) and butorphanol (0.22 mg/kg, IM); and acepromazine (0.22 mg/kg, IV) and oxymorphone (0.22 mg/kg, IV). Marked sedation and lateral recumbency that required minimal or no restraint was achieved with every drug combination. Analgesia was significantly better in dogs receiving oxymorphone than in dogs receiving butorphanol, as evaluated by response to toe pinch. There were no significant differences between the effects of the 3 drug combinations on heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, body temperature, and arterial pH, PCO2, PO2, and bicarbonate concentration. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and systolic arterial pressure decreased significantly over time with all drug combinations. Total recovery time (minutes from the initial injection to standing) was significantly longer in the dogs given acepromazine and oxymorphone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cornick
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hartsfield
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010111:Oxymorphone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000075:Acepromazine; D010111:Oxymorphone; D002077:Butorphanol; D010100:Oxygen