title: The effect of treatment on survival in congestive heart failure.
abstract: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a disorder characterized by a variety of clinical, biochemical, electrophysiological, and hemodynamic abnormalities. During the past two decades, numerous drugs have been employed in the treatment of this complex syndrome, and many agents have been shown to improve symptoms and ventricular function in patients with CHF. Because CHF is associated with a high risk of death, treatment should be directed not only toward the relief of symptoms, but also toward a reduction in mortality. Many variables have been shown to be related to survival; taken individually, however, each is limited in its utility in predicting prognosis. In recent years, large-scale studies with large sample sizes have directly assessed the effects of treatment on mortality in CHF. Results from these trials indicate that vasodilators and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may improve mortality in patients with symptoms of heart failure. Additional trials are now in progress to evaluate the effect of treatment on patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0366.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kostis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Packer
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pfeffer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swedberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yusuf
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000401:mortality; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004070:Digitalis; D005080:Exercise Test; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D011379:Prognosis; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents