title: Growth hormone attenuates the abnormal distribution of body water in critically ill surgical patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Catabolic illness is associated with fluid retention and extracellular space expansion. To determine the effect of human growth hormone (GH) on body water compartments, critically ill surgical patients were studied for a 2-week period during which they either continued to receive standard intensive care unit support, or in addition, received GH, 10 mg/day.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body water compartments were measured at the beginning and end of the period by the indicator dilution technique with sodium bromide and heavy water used as the indicators of extracellular (ECW) and total body water (TBW), respectively; intracellular water (ICW) was calculated by subtraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither group lost significant amounts of weight or TBW. A marked ECW expansion and disturbance of the ECW/TBW ratio occurred in the patients receiving standard care, which was associated with a dramatic reduction in ICW, a critical component of the body cell mass (BCM). In contrast, GH-treated patients maintained ECW and ICW, indicating a preservation of BCM, and their ECW/TBW ratio normalized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GH administration prevents ECW retention and stabilizes or normalizes fluid distribution during critical illness. Taken together with its known anabolic effects under these conditions, the maintenance of ICW demonstrates that GH can be used to preserve BCM in complex surgical patients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Surgical Metabolism and Nutrition, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gatzen
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Scheltinga
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Kimbrough
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wilmore
mesh_terms: D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003422:Critical Care; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone