title: Synergistic effects of Cu(II) and dimethylammonium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (U46 D fluid) on PM2 DNA and mechanism of DNA damage.
abstract: Dimethylammonium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D . DMA) induced strand breaks in PM2 DNA when incubated with CuCl2, whereas 2,4-D . DMA alone or CuCl2 alone did not show any or only a negligible effect. The formation of single strand breaks increased linearly with time and concentration of 2,4-D . DMA. Neocuproine, a specific Cu(I) chelator totally prevented strand break formation. So did catalase (up to 100 mM 2,4-D . DMA), but DMSO had only a small protective effect. 2,4-Dichlorophenol, CO2 and formaldehyde were detected as reaction products of 2,4-D and CuCl2. From these results a redox reaction of Cu(II) and 2,4-D is proposed, which could explain the DNA damaging properties of CuCl2/2,4-D . DMA.
authors.affiliation: University of Oldenburg, Department of Biology, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jacobi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Witte
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004123:Dimethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010618:Phenanthrolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004123:Dimethylamines; D010618:Phenanthrolines; C037991:2,4-D amine; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D003300:Copper; C002701:neocuproine; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C029892:cupric chloride; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide