title: Percutaneous ethanol injection treatment of autonomous thyroid adenoma: hormonal and clinical evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have evaluated the efficacy of percutaneous ethanol injection as an alternative to surgery and iodine-131 treatment in solitary autonomous thyroid adenoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percutaneous ethanol injection (0.5-2.8 ml ethanol/ml nodular tissue) was performed under sonographic guidance in 3-5 (1-2 weekly) sessions; a 7.5 MHz linear real-time scanner (Toshiba, mod. 32B) was used for sonographic studies. The thyroid hormone profile was assessed during treatment and for the next 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six patients (40 females, 16 males, mean age 46 +/- SD 9 years; 30 pretoxic, 26 toxic) were included in the study: their pretreatment technetium-99 m thyroid scan showed a single hot nodule with total suppression of extranodular tissue in 45 and near-total suppression in 11.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thyroid hormones, antithyroglobulin and antiperoxidase antibodies were measured by specific radioimmunoassay, while thyrotrophin was evaluated by ultrasensitive immunoradiometric assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apart from a case of transient pyrexia, no relevant adverse effects were observed. A slight thyroid hormone increase was seen in both groups immediately following a treatment. Six months after therapy a biochemical and clinical remission of hyperthyroidism was observed in 18 out of 22 toxic patients (81.8%); a significant increase of TSH levels was seen in both groups (P less than 0.01). With follow-up, significant volume shrinkage (P less than 0.001) as well as structural alterations of the nodule were consistently recorded at sonography; a linear relationship (r = 0.98; P less than 0.0001) between pretreatment volume and volume reduction was found. At scintiscan, functional activity of extranodular parenchyma was found in 40 out of 56 patients (71.4%), 16/26 (61.5%) in the hyperthyroid group, 24/30 (80.0%) in the pretoxic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data confirm that percutaneous ethanol injection is effective in obtaining functional ablation and in inducing remission of hyperthyroidism, when present; adverse effects seem infrequent.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Internal Medicine II, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monzani
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Goletti
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caraccio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Guerra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferdeghini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pucci
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baschieri
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D000431:Ethanol