title: The renal handling of sodium and potassium in environmental cadmium-exposed subjects with renal dysfunction.
abstract: To clarify using clearance methods the renal handling of sodium and potassium in a population with environmental cadmium (Cd)-induced renal dysfunction, 76 Cd-exposed subjects (32 men and 44 women) and 36 non-exposed subjects (18 men and 18 women) were selected. Fractional excretions of potassium and beta 2-microglobulin were higher in the Cd-exposed subjects than in the non-exposed subjects, while the fractional excretion of sodium in the Cd-exposed subjects was equal to that of the non-exposed subjects. The urinary excretion rate of sodium was significantly lower in the Cd-exposed subjects than in the non-exposed subjects, while no significant difference was found in the urinary potassium excretion rate. Fractional excretion of sodium showed a significant correlation with age in all the subjects, while that of potassium significantly correlated with serum beta 2-microglobulin. These results indicate that increases in the fractional excretion of sodium or potassium do not directly signify increased urinary excretion of sodium or potassium in Cd-induced renal tubular dysfunction. The fractional excretion of potassium may be more affected by Cd-induced renal dysfunction, while that of sodium appears to be more related to age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nogawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohmichi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsuritani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002104:Cadmium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D002104:Cadmium; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium