title: Prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced death in mice by recombinant human interleukin 1: protection from hematological and nonhematological toxicities.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that interleukin 1 (IL-1) can protect most mice from the acute lethal toxicity mediated by high doses of radiation and/or some chemotherapeutic drugs. The results presented herein demonstrate that the pretreatment of mice with recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha (rhIL-1 alpha) protects mice from the lethal effects of several myelotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs, including 5-fluorouracil (5FUra), cyclophosphamide, cis-diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II), and 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. However, pretreatment with rhIL-1 alpha was not effective against the acute lethal toxicity generated by doxorubicin and cisplatin. The chemoprotective effects appear to be at least partially due to myeloprotection/restoration, since the recovery of myeloid colony-forming units and the total cellularity in the bone marrow and spleen were accelerated in the rhIL-1 alpha-pretreated mice. However, the chemoprotective effects of rhIL-1 alpha are apparently not limited to myeloprotection, since pretreatment with rhIL-1 alpha protects mice against the lethal toxicity of both 5FUra and cyclophosphamide, yet bone marrow transplants rescue mice treated with 5FUra but not those treated with cyclophosphamide. The chemoprotective effects of rhIL-1 alpha may be at least partially indirect, since the efficacy of chemoprotection by rhIL-1 alpha is reduced in athymic mice, and interleukin 6, but not tumor necrosis factor alpha, can substitute for rhIL-1 alpha in chemoprotection from 5FUra.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, PRI/DynCorp., Frederick, Maryland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Damia
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Komschlies
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Futami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gruys
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Ruscetti
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wiltrout
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000633:toxicity; D002330:Carmustine / Q000633:toxicity; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity; D003643:Death; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000633:toxicity; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000633:toxicity; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D002330:Carmustine