title: The effects of cleaning on the kinetics of in vitro metal release from dental casting alloys.
abstract: The kinetics of the release of elements from six dental casting alloys into cell-culture medium was assessed by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy. Alloys were evaluated in the polished and polished-cleaned conditions so that the effects of cleaning could be determined. Auger scanning microscopy was used for analysis of the surfaces of selected alloys before and after exposure to the cell-culture medium. Release patterns for each element were characterized by the shape of the dissolution vs. time curve, concentration of the element at 12 h as a percentage of the 72-hour concentration, and the relative slope of the curve from 48 to 72 h. Three patterns of release were observed for elements in these alloys. Type I patterns had logarithmic shapes with relatively large 12-hour concentrations and low 48-72-hour slopes. Type II patterns had logarithmic shapes but with moderate 12-hour concentrations and 48-72-hour slopes. Type III patterns were polynomial in shape, had relatively low 12-hour concentrations, and had large 48-72-hour slopes. Cleaning did not change the pattern of release but did generally significantly decrease the quantities of elements released (p = 0.05). The type of dissolution vs. time curve appeared to be dependent upon the element and the composition of the alloy. When cleaning reduced dissolution, surface analyses showed that the cleaning process increased the abundance of elements such as Au and Pd and reduced the abundance of Ag and Cu. Elements which were released from the alloys were more abundant on the surface than in the bulk in both polished and polished-cleaned conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor 48109-1078.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wataha
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hanks
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D003470:Culture Media; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D003734:Dental Casting Investment / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods; D005708:Gallium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006046:Gold / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008422:Materials Testing; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010165:Palladium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003734:Dental Casting Investment; D002104:Cadmium; D012834:Silver; D010165:Palladium; D006046:Gold; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D005708:Gallium; D015032:Zinc