title: Microinjections of cultured rat conceptuses: studies with 4-oxo-all-trans-retinoic acid, 4-oxo-13-cis-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronide.
abstract: 4-Oxo-all-trans-retinoic acid, 4-oxo-13-cis-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronide were intraamniotically microinjected in rat embryos on day 10 of gestation and cultured until day 11.5. A comparison of the concentration-effect relationships showed that the dysmorphogenic effects produced by these metabolites were qualitatively similar to those of parent all-trans-retinoic acid. Compared with all-trans-retinoic acid (300 ng/ml), the dysmorphogenic effects were elicited by a 2-fold higher concentration of 4-oxo-all-trans-retinoic acid, an approximately 10-fold higher concentration of 4-oxo-13-cis-retinoic acid and a 16-fold higher concentration of all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronide. A surplus of uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronic acid, microinjected together with 300 ng/ml all-trans-retinoic acid, decreased the observed embryo-toxicity of all-trans-retinoic acid, suggesting the possibility of glucuronidation in tissues of the conceptus per se. The results of the study provide further support for the hypothesis that 4-oxo-all-trans-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinoic acid are, in contrast to the corresponding cis-isomers and glucuronides, ultimate dysmorphogenic retinoids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bechter
authors.forename: Q P
authors.initials: QP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Juchau
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D008845:Microinjections; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D013723:Teratogens; C002202:4-oxoretinoic acid; C026787:retinoyl glucuronide; D014212:Tretinoin