Classification and treatment of zygomatic fractures: a review of 1,025 cases.
The treatment of zygomatic fractures varies among surgeons, and the cosmetic and functional results are frequently less than optimal. A treatment guideline based on a simple classification of zygomatic fractures is presented. The emphasis is placed on the indications for closed and open reduction, consistent methods of three-dimensional alignment and fixation, and the management of concomitant infraorbital rim and orbital floor fractures. Postoperative results with regard to infraorbital nerve and maxillary sinus dysfunction, malar asymmetry, and orbital complications in the treatment of 1,025 consecutive zygomatic fractures are presented.
Zingg
M
M
Department of Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital/Inselspital Bern, Switzerland.
Laedrach
K
K
Chen
J
J
Chowdhury
K
K
Vuillemin
T
T
Sutter
F
F
Raveh
J
J
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000294:innervation / Q000601:surgery; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*