title: Restraining effect of intact pericardium during acute volume loading.
abstract: To determine the effect of the intact pericardium on ventricular end-diastolic pressures (EDP) during acute volume loading, we measured left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) micromanometer pressure and LV volume using a conductance catheter in eight open-chest, anesthetized dogs. A range of LV pressure and volume was obtained by intravascular volume expansion with the pericardium intact and then over a similar range after removal of the pericardium. Pericardial pressure (Pper) was calculated using static equilibrium analysis as the difference between LVEDP with the pericardium present and absent at a constant LV volume. At the beginning of the fluid infusion (LVEDP 7.3 +/- 1.7 mmHg and RVEDP 4.4 +/- 2.6 mmHg, mean +/- SD), Pper was not different from zero (-1.0 +/- 2.3 mmHg, P not significant). The onset of pericardial restraint (Pper greater than or equal to 0 mmHg) occurred when LVEDP was 9.1 +/- 2.9 mmHg and RVEDP was 4.1 +/- 2.9 mmHg. At low cardiac volumes before fluid infusion, RV transmural pressure was positive and significantly greater than the near zero Pper. After the onset of pericardial restraint, however, RVEDP and Pper increased similarly and were related according to Pper = 1.1 (+/- 0.34) RVEDP - 4.2 (+/- 2.6) mmHg, standard deviation 0.6 +/- 0.8 mmHg, r = 0.98 +/- 0.10. These data indicate that the intact pericardium behaves in two functionally distinct ways. At low cardiac volumes, Pper is zero and the pericardium does not affect LV filling. RV transmural pressure is positive and greater than Pper.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiology), Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Applegate
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vinten-Johansen
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Klopfenstein
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001810:Blood Volume; D003971:Diastole; D004285:Dogs; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D010496:Pericardium / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors