Inactivation of viruses with photoactive compounds.
The transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and other enveloped virus by blood transfusion is a major concern. Photosensitive dyes such as hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD), dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE), benzoporphyrin derivatives (BPD), extended ring porphyrins, sapphyrins and texaphyrins, and various cyanines were used with viral cultures to test the feasibility of using those light-excitable dyes to kill virus. A photodynamic flow cell was used to irradiate viral suspensions or viral infected cells in culture media or in whole blood. Herpes virus (HSV-1) was used to screen compounds. Effective compounds were subsequently tested for their ability to kill HIV-1, CMV, and SIV in culture medium and in blood and proved to effectively kill free virus and infected cells at significant viremias. Irradiation was achieved with a filtered xenon light source and/or tunable dye laser. Concentrations of dyes at 10 times viral kill dose were irradiated in blood which was tested for damage to erythrocytes (RBC), platelets, and blood proteins. No damage to RBC, complement factors, and immunoglobulins was evident immediately after photodynamic treatment. Platelet condition is minimally modified with time. Photodynamic treatment of blood appears to be a feasible means of eradicating virus and some protozoans from blood.
Matthews
J L
JL
Department of Photobiology, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas 75226.
Sogandares-Bernal
F
F
Judy
M
M
Gulliya
K
K
Newman
J
J
Chanh
T
T
Marengo-Rowe
A
A
D001769:Blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003470:Culture Media; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D018406:Virus Physiological Phenomena; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects
D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D003165:Complement System Proteins