title: Effects of calcium channel blockers on formalin-induced nociception and inflammation in rats.
abstract: The possible anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of nitrendipine, nicardipine, diltiazem and verapamil were examined with formalin test in the rat paw. Pretreatment with these calcium channel blockers 1 h before formalin injection diminished formalin-induced inflammatory changes and nociceptive responses. Formalin-induced nociceptive responses were inhibited 20-90% by the calcium channel blockers. Nitrendipine and nicardipine were found to be highly effective in inhibiting the inflammatory changes, whereas the effects of verapamil and diltiazem were partial. Administration of naloxone affected neither the inflammatory changes and nociceptive responses induced by formalin nor the antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the calcium channel blockers. The results suggest the possible anti-inflammatory and naloxone-insensitive antinociceptive properties of calcium channel blockers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ankara University, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gürdal
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sara
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tulunay
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity; D006614:Hindlimb; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009568:Nitrendipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D051381:Rats; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D005557:Formaldehyde; D009568:Nitrendipine; D014700:Verapamil; D009529:Nicardipine; D004110:Diltiazem