title: Reproductive outcome in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions of alloimmune and autoimmune causes: preconception versus postconception treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The null hypothesis is that treatment of women with recurrent spontaneous abortions with anticoagulation and immunosuppression will not increase the reproductive outcome if it is started preconceptionally.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four women with recurrent spontaneous abortion with autoimmune abnormalities comprised the study group. Group I began autoimmune therapy 48 hours after ovulation: heparin 5000 U twice daily, aspirin 80 mg daily, and prednisone 5 mg twice daily, with an increase to 10 mg twice daily when pregnant. Group II started the same medication after a positive pregnancy test. Group III received no medication. Controls were 19 women with no autoimmune abnormalities. The frequency of reproductive outcome was subject to multiple comparison by the Duncan test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentages of live-born children in groups I, II, and III were 74%, 44%, and 11%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preconception diagnostic work-up and treatment of autoimmune abnormalities in women with histories of recurrent spontaneous abortion is advocated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Health Sciences/Chicago Medical School, IL 60064.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gilman-Sachs
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Beaman
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Beer
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007518:Isoantibodies