title: Macroepidemiology of the HIVs-AIDS (HAIDS) pandemic. Insufficiently considered zoological and geopolitical aspects.
abstract: The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs)-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or HAIDS pandemic originated from lentiviruses of nonhuman primates (thus qualifying as a zoonosis) that moved into humans in Africa. The HAIDS patients eventually die of opportunistic infections, all potentially zoonotic. The HAIDS infection remained parochial, first endemically and then epidemically, until the African urbanization that occurred in each of the countries postindependence. The latter included wars and the massive movement of soldiers (virologically naive) from the American continent to Africa and back. The HAIDS viral ecology coincided with African swine fever (ASF) in the Americas. Haiti became the focal point for both infections. Some infected Haitians also became, together with some infected drug addicts in the United States, a source of contaminated human blood for transfusions and production of plasma derivatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology (Clinical Epidemiology), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Torres-Anjel
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000357:African Swine Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D000818:Animals; D003462:Cuba / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006678:HIV / Q000502:physiology*; D006205:Haiti / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016239:MEDLINE; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D014857:Warfare; D015047:Zoonoses