title: CHARGE and esophageal atresia.
abstract: CHARGE association was diagnosed in 61 infants, 20 of whom died, mainly during the first 2 years of life. Esophageal atresia and/or tracheoesophageal fistula were present in 10 neonates. Axial skeletal anomalies occurred in 7 of the 10, but none had preaxial limb defects typical of the VATER association. All had major cardiac anomalies, predominantly tetralogy of Fallot. The majority of patients had primary repair of the esophagus. The postoperative course was stormy in all patients, with a high incidence of complications and 70% died. The recognition of features of the CHARGE association is important because it has major prognostic and therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospitals for Sick Children, Institute of Child Health, London, England.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kutiyanawala
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Wyse
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brereton
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spitz
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kiely
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blake
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002754:Choanal Atresia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003103:Coloboma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003638:Deafness / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004431:Ear, External / Q000002:abnormalities*; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis