title: Daily energy expenditure in free-living children: comparison of heart-rate monitoring with the doubly labeled water (2H2(18)O) method.
abstract: Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured simultaneously in 36 free-living children aged 7, 9, 12, and 15 y over 10-15 d by the doubly labeled water (DLW) method and for 2-3 separate days by heart-rate (HR) monitoring. The 95% confidence limits of agreement (mean difference +/- 2SD) were -1.99 to +1.44 MJ/d. HR TEE discrepancies ranged from -16.7% to +18.8% with 23 values lying within +/- 10% of DLW TEE estimates. Boys and girls spent 462 +/- 108 and 318 +/- 120 min/d, respectively, in total physical activity (P less than 0.01). Time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was 68 +/- 37 min/d by younger children (7-9 y) and 34 +/- 24 min/d by older children (12-15 y) (P less than 0.001). Younger boys engaged in MVPA (91 +/- 33 min/d) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) (35 +/- 15 min/d) significantly longer than younger girls (MVPA, 39 +/- 16 min/d, P less than 0.001; VPA, 10 +/- 4 min/d, P less than 0.01) as did older boys (MVPA, 52 +/- 21 min/d; VPA, 30 +/- 18 min/d) compared with older girls (MVPA, 15 +/- 10 min/d; VPA, 8 +/- 5 min/d). HR monitoring provides a close estimation of the TEE of population groups and objective assessment of associated patterns of physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Group, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Livingstone
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Coward
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Prentice
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Strain
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kerr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D002648:Child; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011627:Puberty; D012727:Sex Characteristics