title: Cobalt exposure in a carbide tip grinding process.
abstract: Reports relating hard metal disease or nonspecific respiratory symptoms to tungsten or cobalt exposure have been published in the past 20 yr. This report discusses a work site investigation of a small company, employing approximately 50 workers, producing carbide tip saw blades for the woodworking industry. Cobalt exposure was characterized by ambient air monitoring (area and personnel), particle size determination, and biological monitoring. Area sampling for cadmium, cobalt, and tungsten indicated low ambient air levels in all manufacturing areas except the grinding department, which had cobalt air levels approaching the threshold limit value of 0.05 mg/m3. Area airborne cobalt exposure levels measured over six shifts in the grinding department ranged from 0.017 to 0.12 mg/m3 for the total collection method and 0.002 to 0.028 mg/m3 for the method collecting respirable particles. Cobalt content in the total and respirable fractions was similar. Urine monitoring indicated production workers have elevated cobalt levels, and the grinders' levels were higher than other production workers. The grinding coolant was found to have elevated cobalt concentrations. A survey of coolants from nine carbide grinding shops indicated the elevated cobalt concentrations may be common.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Stebbins
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Horstman
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Daniell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Atallah
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D003035:Cobalt / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009790:Occupations
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D004391:Dust; D003035:Cobalt