title: Statistical aspects of the estimation of reference limits.
abstract: This paper deals with some basic statistical issues arising from biological monitoring. Data description, Gaussianity tests, outlier identification, parametric and non-parametric estimates of fractiles and their standard errors, and parametric estimate of the one tail upper side tolerance interval are treated and exemplified using two data sets. Sample size and power determination are considered in terms of the cut-off point of the diagnostic quantitative test.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biometria e Statistica Medica, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duca
mesh_terms: D001699:Biometry; D001782:Blood Donors; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D007854:Lead