title: Use of arm crank exercise in the detection of abnormal pulmonary gas exchange in patients at low altitude.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The measurement of arterial blood gases, P(A-a)O2 and VD/VT, during cycle ergometry is the "gold standard" for the assessment of pulmonary gas exchange. However, some patients are unable to perform cycle ergometry because of other medical problems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether arm crank exercise could be used to reliably detect gas exchange abnormalities compared to cycle ergometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with a variety of pulmonary disorders, who were referred for exertional dyspnea.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients performed maximal arm crank and cycle exercise. Arterial blood gases, VO2, VCO2, and VE were measured at rest and during exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to peak cycle exercise (mean +/- SD), PaO2 (85 +/- 14 vs 75 +/- 13 mm Hg), SaO2 (94 +/- 2 vs 91 +/- 4 percent), VD/VT (0.21 +/- 0.07 vs 0.19 +/- 0.08), and pH (7.37 +/- 0.04 vs 7.34 +/- 0.03) were significantly higher during peak arm crank exercise. The P(A-a)O2 (18 +/- 13 vs 29 +/- 12 mm Hg) was narrower, and PaCO2 (29 +/- 3 vs 29 +/- 4 mm Hg) and PAO2 (104 +/- 4 vs 103 +/- 4 mm Hg) were similar. Six patients had normal gas exchange during cycle exercise at low altitude (P[A-a]O2 less than or equal to 27 mm Hg, PaO2 greater than or equal to 65 mm Hg, VD/VT less than or equal to 0.18) and nine were abnormal. Utilizing criteria specific for arm crank at low altitude, the same six patients had normal gas exchange (P[A-a]O2 less than or equal to 13 mm Hg, PaO2 greater than or equal to 85 mm Hg, VD/VT less than or equal to 0.26), and the remaining nine were abnormal. The P(A-a)O2 during peak arm crank was the most useful criterion in identifying patients with abnormal gas exchange.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proposed criteria for arm crank exercise testing accurately identified all patients with normal and abnormal pulmonary gas exchange during cycle exercise. The data from the present study suggest that arm crank can be an acceptable alternative exercise testing modality for the assessment of pulmonary gas exchange.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Investigation, William Beaumont Army Medical Center.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Zeballos
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Weisman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000531:Altitude; D001132:Arm; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen