title: Accuracy of various methods of localization of the orifice of the coronary sinus at electrophysiologic study.
abstract: The coronary sinus (CS) orifice is an important reference point for determining electrode and, thereby, accessory pathway location at electrophysiologic study. The reliability of fluoroscopic landmarks used to identify the CS orifice is not known. This study compared the accuracy of several fluoroscopic landmarks for identifying the CS orifice with the location defined by radiopaque contrast injection of the CS. Forty patients were studied. Radiographic markers of the CS orifice that were examined included: (1) the point at which the CS catheter prolapsed during advancement, (2) the point of maximum convexity of the CS catheter when a superior vena caval approach was used, (3) the right side of the ventricular septum, and (4) the relation to the underlying vertebrae. The least-significant difference method of multiple comparisons was used for statistical analysis. The point at which the CS catheter prolapsed was the most accurate noncontrast method for determining the location of the CS orifice (p less than 0.05), but was possible without the use of excessive force in only 48% of patients. The point of catheter prolapse was a median of 1 mm (range 0 to 11) from the true location of the os. Errors with other examined landmarks ranged up to 3 cm. Identification of the CS orifice is best performed by radiopaque contrast injection. The point of prolapse during catheter advancement in the CS is an accurate alternative when contrast injection is not feasible. Other noncontrast fluoroscopic landmarks are less reliable and are best avoided.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Byth
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Uther
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D014680:Veins / Q000473:pathology