title: The effects of nicotine plus haloperidol compared to nicotine only and placebo nicotine only in reducing tic severity and frequency in Tourette's disorder.
abstract: We studied the effects of chewing nicotine gum on tic frequency and severity in 10 patients with Tourette's disorder (TD) on haloperidol, versus 9 untreated TD patients; placebo gum was administered to 5 of these untreated patients. Videotapes of patients during a 2-hr period of 30 min baseline, 30 min gum chewing, and two 30-min postgum-chewing periods were utilized. For those TD patients on haloperidol, significant reductions occurred in tic frequency and severity during the gum-chewing and the two postgum-chewing periods. Nicotine gum alone caused a decrease in tic frequency only during gum-chewing and one postgum-chewing period, while placebo gum showed no effect. In this study, nicotine markedly potentiated haloperidol effects in treating TD, and showed lesser effects on TD when used alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0559.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: McConville
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Sanberg
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fogelson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cirino
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Norman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002638:Chewing Gum; D002648:Child; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D014743:Videotape Recording
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D010919:Placebos; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011145:Polyvinyls; D009538:Nicotine; D006220:Haloperidol