title: Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity by brequinar sodium.
abstract: The novel anticancer drug candidate brequinar sodium (DuP 785, NSC 368390, 6-fluoro-2-(2'-fluoro-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-3-methyl-4-quinoline- carboxylic acid sodium salt) was shown previously to be an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. Brequinar sodium inhibits the activity of this enzyme isolated from mammalian sources only but not those forms isolated from yeast or bacteria, which also use ubiquinone as the cofactor. Brequinar sodium also does not inhibit the activity of a soluble Zymobacterium oroticum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase which uses NAD+ as a cofactor. Brequinar sodium inhibits L1210 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase with mixed inhibition kinetics with respect to either the substrate (dihydroorotate) or the cofactor (ubiquinone Q6) with Ki' values in the 5-8 nM range. Our results suggest that brequinar sodium inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by binding to the enzyme at a unique site that is distinct from the dihydroorotate or the ubiquinone-binding site. This binding site appears to be unique to the mammalian enzyme, because brequinar sodium does not inhibit the yeast, Escherichia coli, or Z. oroticum forms of the enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Glenolden Laboratory, Pennsylvania 19036.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Perrella
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Behrens
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Papp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000090722:Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase; D007700:Kinetics; D007939:Leukemia L1210 / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D009963:Orotic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; D011798:Quinaldines
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D000090722:Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D009963:Orotic Acid; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; C018264:dichloroallyl lawsone; C046943:brequinar; D011798:Quinaldines