title: A modified colorimetric method for the measurement of phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity using 2,7-diaminofluorene.
abstract: A sensitive and rapid colorimetric method for the in vitro determination of phagocytic activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is described. The assay uses red blood cells (RBC) as target cells and relies on the specific oxidation of 2,7-diaminofluorene (DAF) by the pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin (Hb). Generation of fluorene blue (FB), the chromophore formed upon oxidation of DAF, was a linear function of erythrocyte concentration. The oxidation of DAF by peritoneal macrophages (M phi) containing myeloperoxidase was negligible, confirming that the development of color was exclusively due to the pseudoperoxidase activity of Hb. A positive correlation was observed between FB formation and increased phagocytosis of opsonized erythrocytes. Phagocytosis increased as a function of time, reaching a maximum at 90 min of incubation. The phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized erythrocytes was greater than non-opsonized erythrocytes and was inhibited by high concentrations of non-specific human or mouse IgG, showing that phagocytosis was mediated by the Fc gamma receptor of macrophages. The interaction between opsonized RBC and macrophages also evoked an antibody-dependent extracellular lysis, however this process was slower than ingestion. The DAF phagocytosis assay has shown to be very sensitive, simple, rapid and safe.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiopatología, Centro de Medicina Experimental, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gebran
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cariani
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Soyano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; D003124:Colorimetry; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D004912:Erythrocytes; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000737:chemistry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000166:cytology; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000097:blood; D010587:Phagocytosis
chemical_list: D005449:Fluorenes; D006454:Hemoglobins; D010544:Peroxidases; C012978:2,7-fluorenediamine