title: Interobserver variability in assessing pediatric postextubation stridor.
abstract: The reliability of parameters used to assess pediatric postextubation upper respiratory distress is unknown. We prospectively studied the interobserver reliability of six parameters commonly used to assess respiratory distress in children. Eligible patients were less than 15 years old and hospitalized for traumatic injuries at Harborview Medical Center between March and September 1989. At extubation, patients were examined independently by a physician, a nurse, and a respiratory therapist, each of whom evaluated respiratory rate (RR), stridor, air movement, flaring/retractions (F/R), level of consciousness (LOC), and oxygen saturation (O2 sat). Reliability was measured by percentage agreement and weighted kappa (Kw). The 25 children (27 extubations) had a median age of 7 years, and eight of the 27 required treatment for upper airway obstruction. Percentage agreement ranged from 82% (for air movement) to 96% (for O2 sat). Weighted kappas were excellent for RR and F/R (Kw greater than .6); moderate for LOC, stridor, and O2 sat (0.4 less than Kw less than .06); and poor for air movement (Kw less than .4). Further improvements in interobserver agreement are required to provide more consistent upper airway management in critically ill children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kemper
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003243:Consciousness; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000592:standards; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000592:standards; D015588:Observer Variation; D010092:Oximetry; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D012138:Respiratory Therapy / Q000592:standards; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015300:Ventilator Weaning; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology