title: Production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by inflamed synovial tissue and cultured synoviocytes.
abstract: This study analyzes the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by inflamed synovial tissue and defines its regulation in cultured synoviocytes. Synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis express the 0.7-kb MCP-1 mRNA. Stimulation of synoviocytes with IL-1, TNF-alpha, LPS, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta-1, but not with basic fibroblast growth factor causes a marked increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels. Expression of the MCP-1 gene is inducible by activators of the protein kinase A (cAMP) and C (PMA) signal transduction pathways and is differentially regulated by the steroids dexamethasone and retinoic acid. Cultured synoviocytes de novo synthesize 12-, 15-, and 15.2-kDa MCP-1 proteins, which increase after stimulation with IL-1. Synovial tissues from donors without joint disease and from patients with rheumatoid or osteoarthritis were analyzed for MCP-1 mRNA expression by in situ hybridization. In these samples MCP-1 mRNA expressing cells were predominantly found in the sublining cell layers, whereas specimens of normal synovial tissue contained only few positive cells. These results identify synoviocytes as a source of MCP-1. Its expression is controlled by peptide regulatory factors that are known to be present in arthritic joints. Detection of cells producing MCP-1 mRNA in synovial tissues from patients with arthritis shows that this gene is expressed in vivo and suggests that MCP-1 can play a role in recruiting monocytes in joint inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Villiger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Terkeltaub
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lotz
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D013585:Synovitis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D016207:Cytokines; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006133:Growth Substances; D012333:RNA, Messenger