title: Atherogenic effects in a non-human primate of Fusarium moniliforme cultures added to a carbohydrate diet.
abstract: Adding less than 0.5% w/w of culture material of strain MRC 826 of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme to a carbohydrate diet low in fat resulted in an atherogenic plasma lipid profile in a non-human primate. Simultaneously increased plasma fibrinogen and activity of blood coagulation factor VII could enhance atherogenesis. This unique potential for promotion of atherosclerosis was probably secondary to chronic hepatotoxicity as indicated by liver fibrosis and elevated cholesterol, albumin and the enzymes AST, ALT, LD, GGT and ALP in serum. The cholesterol and enzymes responded in proportion to the calculated doses of fumonisin mycotoxins in the F. moniliforme MRC 826 cultures. Fumonisins are water soluble and heat stable. Thrombotic, hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and cerebral effects of MRC 826 culture material and fumonisins are well known in non-primates. The estimated fumonisin concentrations tested fall within a range due to natural contamination of human foods. The results suggest that all maize grain products should be analysed for fumonisins.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Nutritional Diseases, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Fincham
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Marasas
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Taljaard
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Kriek
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Badenhorst
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Gelderblom
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Seier
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Smuts
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Weight
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism; D006487:Hemostasis; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000633:toxicity; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002784:Cholesterol