title: Effect of nasolacrimal occlusion on timolol concentrations in the aqueous humor of the human eye.
abstract: We studied the effect of manual nasolacrimal occlusion on the concentration of timolol in the aqueous humor of eyes of patients undergoing cataract extraction. Aqueous humor samples were obtained at various times after timolol maleate instillation from patients with or without 5 min of nasolacrimal occlusion; aliquots were assayed by HPLC. In patients receiving occlusion treatment, average timolol concentrations were statistically greater than those in control patients both between 15 and 90 min after instillation and also at 180 min. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that occlusion increased the concentration of timolol in the aqueous humor 1.7 times. In both groups, timolol concentrations were highest approximately 1 h after instillation. The decline in aqueous humor timolol concentrations occurred at similar rates in both groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver.
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pfoff
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bloedow
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Riegel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D005123:Eye / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000502:physiology*; D013999:Timolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D013999:Timolol