title: Aortogenic embolic stroke: a transesophageal echocardiographic approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the frequency and grade of atherosclerotic changes in the thoracic aorta and their significance as embologenic lesions in patients with stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using transesophageal echocardiography, we evaluated complicated lesions in the thoracic aortas of 62 patients who met our clinical criteria for embolic stroke. A complicated lesion was defined as a raised lesion with an irregular surface or acoustic shadow based on a comparative study of echocardiographic and histopathologic findings. The results were compared with plain radiographic findings and in some cases with computed tomographic or aortographic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients (42%) showed complicated aortic arch lesions on echocardiogram. Transesophageal echocardiography brought us more abundant information than other techniques. Aortic knob calcification by plain radiography correlated well with the presence of echocardiographically complicated lesions, suggesting its utility for rough screening of atherosclerotic changes. Fifty-two patients had other potential embolic sources in the heart or cervical arteries. Among the remaining 10 patients without extra-aortic embolic sources, three showed complicated lesions and were diagnosed as having aortogenic embolic stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aortic atherosclerosis should be recognized as an embolic source of stroke and the advantage of transesophageal echocardiography recognized in its evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D004452:Echocardiography; D004617:Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged