title: Rescue angioplasty during myocardial infarction has a beneficial effect on mortality: a tenable hypothesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rescue percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) reduces mortality during myocardial infarction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if PTCA after failed thrombolytic therapy results in reduced mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with a persistently occluded infarct artery following thrombolytic therapy more than 3 h after symptom onset were randomized to rescue PTCA (n = 16) or conservative treatment (n = 12) as part of a prospective randomized trial of reperfusion therapy during myocardial infarction in 184 patients. Hospital mortality was assessed in these groups as well as in the 177 patients with known infarct artery status after initial attempts at reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was one death among the 16 patients in the rescue PTCA group versus four deaths in the 12 patients treated conservatively (P = 0.13). Moreover, the death in the rescue PTCA group occurred in one of three patients in whom the procedure failed. Mortality in the entire study group was 10.3% (19 of 184); 4.2% (six of 142) in patients in whom patency was achieved after thrombolysis and/or PTCA and 34.3% (12 of 35) in those in whom reperfusion was not achieved (P less than 0.001). In patients with anterior myocardial infarction, mortality was 6.7% (four of 60) in those with reperfusion and 47.1% (eight of 17) in those with a persistently occluded artery (P less than 0.001). In patients with inferior myocardial infarction, 2.4% (two of 82) with reperfusion and 22.2% (four of 18) with a persistently occluded artery died (P less than 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the number of patients in the randomized groups was small, the trend toward a lower mortality after rescue PTCA supports the hypothesis that rescue PTCA may be beneficial. The mortality results in relation to presence or absence of reperfusion from the entire study population underscores the importance of achieving patency during myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary District Hospital Group, Alberta.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Belenkie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Traboulsi
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manyari
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Filipchuck
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Schnurr
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Rosenal
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006493:Heparin; D013300:Streptokinase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator