title: Risk of congenital malformations associated with proximity to hazardous waste sites.
abstract: Concern about environmental pollutants has increased; however, it remains unclear whether chronic exposures to toxic chemicals in the environment occur at doses sufficient to produce adverse health effects in humans. To date, community studies have not adequately addressed this question. In this study, the authors linked two existing data bases of the New York State Department of Health to evaluate the relation between congenital malformations and residential proximity to hazardous waste sites in New York State. A total of 9,313 newborns with congenital malformations and 17,802 healthy controls living in proximity to 590 hazardous waste sites in 1983 and 1984 were evaluated. After the authors controlled for several possible confounding factors, results indicated that maternal proximity to hazardous waste sites may carry a small additional risk of bearing children with congenital malformations (odds ratio (OR) = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.06-1.18). Higher malformation rates were associated with both a higher exposure risk (no exposure risk: OR = 1.00; low exposure risk: OR = 1.09, 95% Cl 1.04-1.15; high exposure risk: OR = 1.63, 95% Cl 1.34-1.99) and documentation of off-site chemical leaks (not exposed: OR = 1.00; exposed, but no leaks at site: OR = 1.08, 95% Cl 1.02-1.15; exposed, and leaks found at site: OR = 1.17, 95% Cl 1.08-1.27). The increased rates detected may be important in terms of their public health implications. Further research is necessary to strengthen causal inferences regarding the teratogenicity, of waste site exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Geschwind
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stolwijk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bracken
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melius
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006256:Hazardous Waste / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000009:adverse effects; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000009:adverse effects; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects; D010969:Plastics / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D012042:Registries; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D006256:Hazardous Waste; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008670:Metals; D010575:Pesticides; D010969:Plastics; D012997:Solvents