title: Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation of relaxin secretion by luteinized human granulosa cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on relaxin secretion by long-term cultures of luteinized human granulosa cells (GC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Luteinized human GC were collected from 10 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Luteinized human GC from each woman were plated in replicate wells at 1 x 10(5) cells/well and exposed to medium 199 (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY), medium 199 with 1 IU/mL hCG, and/or medium 199 with 100 IU hCG/mL. Luteinized human GC were maintained for up to 40 days in culture. Spent media were changed every 2 days and assayed for relaxin and progesterone (P) at the conclusion of each experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Luteinized human GC were obtained from women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF with one of the following regimens: (1) clomiphene citrate with human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG); (2) hMG alone; or (3) hMG with leuprolide acetate. All women were less than 40 years of age, in good health, and were not taking medications other than those used in the ovulation-induction regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of P and relaxin in spent media.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relaxin secretion by luteinized human GC was dependent on hCG stimulation and was detected only after a time lag in culture. After relaxin secretion was detected, it was maintained throughout the culture period (10 to 22 days). Luteinized human GC produced P immediately under both basal and stimulated conditions. Progesterone production continued throughout the culture period with hCG-stimulated cells producing significantly greater P after 4 to 8 days in culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Luteinized human GC obtained at the time of oocyte retrieval secrete relaxin in response to hCG stimulation and secrete P under both basal and hCG-stimulated conditions, thereby serving as a model to explore luteal function and control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark 07103.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gagliardi
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saketos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000502:physiology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012065:Relaxin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D011374:Progesterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D012065:Relaxin