title: Arthrodesis for congenital flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints.
abstract: A llama, a miniature horse, and a miniature donkey with severe bilateral congenital flexural deformities of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints were treated successfully by arthrodesis with dynamic compression plating or external skeletal fixation. The flexor tendons were more taut than the suspensory ligaments and were transected. In the llama, the suspensory ligament was transected, and overcorrection caused ischemic necrosis of one distal limb and subluxation of the other fetlock joint. In the horse and donkey, the suspensory ligament was preserved and wedge osteotomy was performed to correct the deformity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Whitehair
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Toombs
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Prostredny
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Whitehair
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Aiken
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000662:veterinary; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000662:veterinary; D002161:Camelids, New World / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D002350:Carpus, Animal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D016267:External Fixators / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D008022:Ligaments / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D010527:Perissodactyla / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D013643:Tarsus, Animal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery