title: Long-term frontal brain metabolic changes in cocaine abusers.
abstract: Neurological complications from cocaine use are well recognized. We propose that chronic cocaine use can also cause clinically silent brain dysfunction. We investigated brain glucose metabolism with positron emission tomography (PET) and 2-deoxy-2[18F] fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) in 21 neurologically intact chronic cocaine abusers (C) and 18 normal controls (N). The cocaine abusers were tested 1-6 weeks after the last use of cocaine and seven were retested after a 3 month drug-free period. Global cerebral glucose metabolism was not significantly different between controls and cocaine abusers (N = 38.4 +/- 3, C = 36.5 +/- 5 mumol/100 g of tissue, min). However, cocaine abusers had significantly (P less than 0.05) lower metabolic activity in 16 of the 21 left frontal regions and 8 of the 21 right frontal regions. These decreases persisted after 3-4 months of detoxification and were correlated with the dose (P less than or equal to 0.01) and the years of cocaine use (P less than or equal to 0.05). This study shows reduced rates of frontal metabolism in neurologically intact cocaine abusers that persist even after 3-4 months of detoxification.
authors.affiliation: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Volkow
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hitzemann
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Dewey
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Handlesman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D016578:Crack Cocaine; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine; D005947:Glucose