title: Intra-operative blood loss during elective lower segment caesarean section.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure intra-operative blood loss at elective lower segment caesarean section and to compare estimated with measured blood loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study. Blood loss was measured in patients who underwent lower segment caesarean section in the course of routine hospital activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tsan Yuk Hospital (Hong Kong), which is affiliated to the University of Hong Kong, 1990-1991.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty women (mean age 29 years) with singleton pregnancies (mean gestation 38 weeks) delivered by elective lower segment caesarean section under general anaesthesia (mean birthweight 3177 g).
  
  
  METHODS
  Intra-operative blood loss measured by the alkaline haematin method (intra-assay co-efficient of variation 2.2%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean measured blood loss was 487 ml (SE 40, range 164-1438). The mean estimated blood loss was 425 ml (SE 31) range 100-1300; mode 400). Observer error in estimating blood loss was higher if measured blood loss greater than 600 ml. One patient received a blood transfusion and another had a post-operative haemoglobin level less than 10.0 g/dl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood loss at elective lower segment caesarean section was usually less than 500 ml and was estimated with reasonable accuracy. However, there was a tendency to under-estimate blood loss when the measured loss exceeded 600 ml.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Duthie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins