title: Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of forearm flexor muscles in student rowers using an exercise protocol adjusted for differences in cross-sectional muscle area.
abstract: To assess exercise energy metabolism of forearm flexor muscles in rowers, six male student rowers and six control subjects matched for age and sex were studied using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS). Firstly, to adjust for the effect of differences in cross-sectional muscle area, the maximal cross-sectional area (CSAmax) of the forearm flexor muscles was estimated in each individual using magnetic resonance imaging. Multistage exercise was then carried out with an initial energy production of 1 J.cm-2 CSAmax for 1 min and an increment of 1 J.cm-2 CSAmax every minute to the point of muscle exhaustion. A series of measurements of 31P-MRS were performed every minute. The CSAmax was significantly greater in the student rowers than in the control subjects [19.8 (SD 2.2) vs 17.1 (SD 1.2) cm2, P less than 0.05]. The absolute maximal exercise intensity (J.min-1) was greater in the rowers than in the control subjects. However, the maximal exercise intensity per unit of muscle cross sectional area (J.min-1.cm-2) was not significantly different between the two groups. During mild to moderate exercise intensities, a decrease in phosphocreatine and an increase in inorganic phosphate before the onset of acidosis were significantly less in the rowers, indicating a requirement of less adenosine 5'-diphosphate to drive adenosine 5'-triphosphate production. The onset of acidosis was also significantly delayed in the rowers. No difference was observed in forearm blood flow between the two groups at the same exercise intensity (J.min-1.cm-2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anzai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005542:Forearm / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010725:Phosphocreatine; D010758:Phosphorus