title: Alterations in protein kinase C isozymes alpha and beta 2 in activated Ha-ras containing papillomas in the absence of an increase in diacylglycerol.
abstract: The levels of protein kinase C (PKC) activity, PKC isozymes, as well as the level of endogenous diacylglycerols (DAG) were examined in early emergence mouse skin papillomas and compared to the levels in the epidermis. The papillomas were derived from a two-stage carcinogenesis protocol in which mice were initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promoted twice weekly for only 12 weeks with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). As expected, greater than 90% of these early emergence papillomas contained an activated Ha-ras gene with an A----T transversion in the 61st codon. There was a TPA-independent, irreversible decrease in total PKC activity (70%) in the early emergence papillomas compared to that in the epidermis. Immunoblot analysis of epidermis and papillomas taken 4 weeks following the cessation of TPA treatment, a time when PKC catalytic activity has completely recovered to control level in epidermis but not in papillomas, revealed that the levels of PKC-alpha and PKC-beta 2 were dramatically decreased in the cytosol of the papillomas, while the levels of these two isozymes in the particulate fraction were approximately equal to the epidermis. PKC-delta, -epsilon and -zeta immunoreactive proteins were present in both epidermis and papillomas and only minor changes were observed in the papillomas. PKC-delta and PKC-epsilon displayed a particulate fraction localization in both the epidermis and papillomas, while PKC-zeta was found in both subcellular fractions. We were unable to detect PKC-gamma in mouse epidermis or papillomas. Since the level of DAG has been shown to be elevated in some ras-transformed cells, we examined DAG levels in the papillomas, as an increased DAG level could explain the constitutive decreases in the levels of PKC. Measurements of cellular DAG indicated that there was no elevation in the total pool of DAG in the early emergence papillomas. These data demonstrate an irreversible decrease in and alteration of the subcellular distribution of PKC-alpha and beta 2 in DMBA-initiated/TPA-promoted papillomas. These changes are TPA-independent, and occur in the absence of an elevation in the total pool of endogenous DAG. These alterations of PKC isozymes may be important early events in multistage tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7633.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Bocckino
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Loomis
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Smart
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras; D007106:Immune Sera; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010212:Papilloma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000276:immunology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D004075:Diglycerides; D007106:Immune Sera; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010455:Peptides; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate