title: Transfer of DDT used in malaria control to infants via breast milk.
abstract: The transfer of p,p'-DDT (1,1,1-tricholoro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane) and its metabolites to infants via breast-feeding was studied in an area of KwaZulu, South Africa, where DDT is used to interrupt malaria transmission. Samples of whole blood were collected from 23 infants, together with samples of breast milk from their respective mothers. The mean sigma DDT (total DDT) in the whole blood was 127.03 micrograms.l-1 and that in the breast milk, 15.06 mg.kg-1 (milk fat). The % DDT (% DDT of sigma DDT) was significantly higher in the infant blood than in the breast milk (P less than 0.05). A multiplicative regression analysis indicated that sigma DDT increased significantly (P less than 0.01) in infant whole blood with infant age. Multiple regression showed that 70.0% of the variation in sigma DDT was due to the variation in parity of the mother, age of the infant, and the sigma DDT in breast milk. These variables accounted also for 76.3% of the variation in p,p'-DDE but only for 38.2% of that in p,p'-DDT. Organochlorines were therefore largely transferred to the infant from the mother, with DDT in the environment playing a secondary role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University for Christian Higher Education, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bouwman
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cooppan
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Reinecke
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003634:DDT / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D010298:Parity; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013019:South Africa
chemical_list: D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D003634:DDT; D003632:Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane