title: Fixed subaortic stenosis in atrioventricular canal defect: a Doppler echocardiographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this retrospective study were to describe the Doppler and echocardiographic features of fixed subaortic stenosis in the setting of atrioventricular (AV) canal defect and to document the de novo occurrence of subaortic stenosis and progression of this lesion over time on the basis of sequential echocardiographic studies.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The coexistence of fixed subaortic and AV canal defect has been sporadically noted, but no single or multicenter experience with this constellation of abnormalities has been previously described.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with a diagnosis of subaortic stenosis and complete or partial AV canal defect who had one or more Doppler echocardiographic examinations were identified from a computer data bank. Retrospective analysis was performed, including review of patients' charts, operative notes, recorded videotapes and hard copy recordings when available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one patients with both subaortic stenosis and AV canal defect were identified over a 13-year period. Fifteen were female and the mean age at diagnosis of subaortic stenosis was 16 years. Fifteen patients had partial AV canal defect with prior repair in 10; 6 patients had complete AV canal defect with prior repair in 4. The mean interval from prior repair to recognition of subaortic stenosis was 6.8 years. In six patients, serial examinations demonstrated the de novo occurrence of subaortic obstruction over a period of 10 to 87 months. In five patients, progression of known subaortic stenosis was documented over a 10- to 59-month period. Surgical resection of subaortic stenosis was performed in 16 patients; the echocardiographic diagnosis was confirmed in 15 of the 16.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the largest reported echocardiographic series of this lesion complex, it is concluded that subaortic stenosis can occur de novo, is often recognized only after repair of the canal defect and is progressive. Doppler echocardiography is the method of choice for diagnosis and serial follow-up of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Reeder
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Danielson
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Seward
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Driscoll
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tajik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D004694:Endocardial Cushion Defects / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors