title: The occurrence of cervical fractures in victims of judicial hanging.
abstract: Cervical vertebrae from 34 victims of judicial hanging were examined. In only six cases was there a fracture of the axis and only one other fracture was seen in the series. The fractures were of two types. Three were the traditional 'Hangman's fracture' whilst three were of a type previously unreported. The incidence of fracture was unassociated with drop, date age or hangman. The results of the post mortems on these subjects were reviewed and found to be grossly inaccurate with regard to fractures. The results indicate that the traditional hangman's fracture occurred in only a small proportion of cases of judicial hanging. The cause of fractures and cause of death in judicial hanging are discussed with a brief history of judicial hanging in this country.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Forensic Pathology, Medico-Legal Centre, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nasmyth-Jones
mesh_terms: D002203:Capital Punishment / Q000266:history*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries*; D004739:England; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000266:history*