title: Markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis after fractures of the lower extremities.
abstract: The study was performed to detect activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in terms of prothrombin fragment 1 and 2 (F1 + 2), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), fibrin degradation products (FbDP), fibrinogen degradation products (FgDP), and soluble fibrin monomers (FM) in plasma from 39 patients with fractures of the lower extremities. We found substantially elevated levels of the molecular markers at admission and on the day after admission (Day 1) compared with control levels. Admission levels of F1 + 2, TAT, FbDP and FgDP were significantly higher compared with levels on day 1, whereas levels of FM were not significantly different between the two days. Generally there were good correlations between all markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis at admission whereas correlations were weaker or absent on day 1. In conclusion we found substantial haemostatic activation as a immediate response to trauma. Increased levels of F1 + 2, TAT, FM, FbDP and FgDP appear to be a normal physiological reaction after fractures of the lower extremities.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Orthopaedics, Aalborg Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Rahr
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Borris
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lassen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ejstrud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000293:injuries*; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000097:blood*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000032:analysis; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis; D013977:Tibia / Q000293:injuries*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; C029733:prothrombin fragment 1; C044183:prothrombin fragment 2; D000990:Antithrombin III; D011516:Prothrombin; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases