title: Criterion validity of the cross-cultural cognitive examination in Japan.
abstract: Criterion validity of a two-stage Cross-Cultural Cognitive Examination (CCCE) designed for epidemiologic use was evaluated in Japanese subjects by comparison with a physician's DSM-III-R diagnosis of dementia and the Hasegawa Dementia Rating Scale (the standard Japanese instrument similar to the Mini-Mental State Exam). We report on 188 subjects tested in three locations in Japan: Tokyo area, Ise, and Osaka. Subjects ranged in age (50-93 years) and education (1-22 years) and included neurology outpatients, community volunteers, and inpatients. The CCCE was 97.4% specific for dementia, with sensitivity of 88%. The correlation with the Hasegawa scale was significant (r(175) = .8230, p less than .0001). Diagnosis using the CCCE showed good validity when compared with Japanese criteria for dementia. If the instrument could be shown to be reliable and more "culture fair" than the currently available tests, it may be useful in cross-cultural epidemiologic studies of dementia.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Davis-Northern California Alzheimer's Disease Center, Alta Bates Medical Center, Berkeley.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagatani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Glosser
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Albert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity