title: Simulation of blood flow in microgravity.
abstract: Knowledge of venous, capillary, and arterial blood flow in microgravity is required to modify hemostatic techniques for control of bleeding in traumatic injuries or surgical procedures in space. To simulate human arterial, venous, and capillary bleeding, fresh whole bovine blood was injected by two operators at calculated flow rates (3.5, 7, and 14 mL for venous and 14 and 28 mL for arterial) in 10 seconds with empirical controls in a lucent glove box during zero gravity parabolic flight on NASA's KC-135 aircraft. A pig's foot was used to mimic capillary bleeding. Hemostasis with sponges and laerdal suction was evaluated by video and still photography. Evaluations of the arterial and venous bleeding were conducted at 3 rates x 3 parabolas, and capillary bleeding was evaluated with 5 parabolas x 2 methods (pig's foot and sponge). Influenced by surface tension, the slow venous bleeding coated syringe surfaces and formed a dome over the skin laceration bleeding site. Arterial and venous bleeders broke into uniform spheres with low-velocity spheres bouncing off an absorbent pad and suction tip. Conventional dabbing with gauze fragmented blood into small spheres. Capillary oozing was better controlled by "wicking" up blood with gauze. Repeated arterial bleeding opacified the glove box wall. This stimulation demonstrated unique characteristics of extracorporeal blood flow and inadequacies of common methods of hemostasis in microgravity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCuaig
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gosbee
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Snyder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002196:Capillaries; D002417:Cattle; D006112:Gravitation; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D013026:Space Flight; D013499:Surface Properties; D014680:Veins