title: Live animal measurement of carcass traits by ultrasound: assessment and accuracy of sonographers.
abstract: The establishment and evaluation of an assessment system to accredit sonographers for measuring the carcass traits of subcutaneous fat depths and longissimus muscle area (LMA) on potential breeding animals by real-time ultrasound is described. Repeatability of operators, variation between the animal's left and right sides, and variations in technique were assessed from measurements and repeat measurements of 30 cattle by up to eight operators at three testing sessions. Accuracy of carcass data was determined by repeatability of measurements, variability between measurers, between left and right sides of the carcass, and variation due to handling and dressing procedures. Correlations with carcass data averaged .92 for rump fat, .90 for rib fat, and .87 for LMA. Residual SD averaged .81 mm, .88 mm, and 5.1 cm2. A very experienced sonographer can measure LMA only marginally less accurately than it can be measured on the carcass. In Session 3, the SE between repeat fat measurements for accredited sonographers averaged .43 mm, indicating that fat depths can be measured more accurately, but when comparing measurements from different operators, adjustments may be required for differences in technique, otherwise overall accuracy will be about the same, approximately 1 mm. Scanned rump fat measurements were consistently approximately 20% higher than on the chilled, hanging carcass 24 h after slaughter; after applying the standard correction factor of 1.17, LMA measurements were similar. Scan and carcass rib fat measurements were similar for animals with less than or equal to 10 mm of fat cover, above which carcass measurements tended to be higher.
authors.affiliation: Animal Breeding and Genetics Unit, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000068:Accreditation; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*