title: Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: We report that visual stimulation produces an easily detectable (5-20%) transient increase in the intensity of water proton magnetic resonance signals in human primary visual cortex in gradient echo images at 4-T magnetic-field strength. The observed changes predominantly occur in areas containing gray matter and can be used to produce high-spatial-resolution functional brain maps in humans. Reducing the image-acquisition echo time from 40 msec to 8 msec reduces the amplitude of the fractional signal change, suggesting that it is produced by a change in apparent transverse relaxation time T*2. The amplitude, sign, and echo-time dependence of these intrinsic signal changes are consistent with the idea that neural activation increases regional cerebral blood flow and concomitantly increases venous-blood oxygenation.
authors.affiliation: Biological Computation Research Department, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Tank
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ellermann
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merkle
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ugurbil
mesh_terms: D001923:Brain Chemistry; D001931:Brain Mapping; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014867:Water