title: Design and evaluation of a solid sampler for the monitoring of airborne 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and its prepolymers in two-component spray painting.
abstract: An active, solvent-free solid sampler was developed for the collection of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) aerosol and prepolymers. The sampler was made of a filter impregnated with 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine contained in a filter holder. Interferences with HDI were observed when a set of cellulose acetate filters and a polystyrene filter holder were used; a glass fiber filter and polypropylene filter cassette gave better results. The applicability of the sampling and analytical procedure was validated with a test chamber, constructed for the dynamic generation of HDI aerosol and prepolymers in commercial two-component spray paints (Desmodur N75) used in car refinishing. The particle size distribution, temporal stability, and spatial uniformity of the simulated aerosol were established in order to test the sampler. The monitoring of aerosol concentrations was conducted with the solid sampler paired to the reference impinger technique (impinger flasks contained 10 mL of 0.5 mg/mL 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine in toluene) under a controlled atmosphere in the test chamber. Analyses of derivatized HDI and prepolymers were carried out by using high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection. The correlation between the solvent-free and the impinger techniques appeared fairly good (Y = 0.979X-0.161; R = 0.978), when the tests were conducted in the range of 0.1 to 10 times the threshold limit value (TLV) for HDI monomer and up to 60 micrograms/m3 (3 U.K. TLVs) for total -N=C=O groups.
authors.affiliation: Institut Universitaire de Médecine et d'Hygiène du Travail, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vu-Duc
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Savolainen
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D001336:Automobiles; D003485:Cyanates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000592:standards*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D017953:Isocyanates; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D010150:Paint
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D003485:Cyanates; D017953:Isocyanates; C015262:1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate