title: Ovulation induction with a single-blind treatment regimen comparing naltrexone, placebo and clomiphene citrate in women with secondary amenorrhea.
abstract: Secondary amenorrhea is often associated with emotional stress, weight loss, eating disorders or polycystic ovary-like disease. Involvement of the endogenous opioids in the pathophysiology of hypothalamic amenorrhea, by inhibition of hypothalamic GnRH secretion, has been demonstrated in some cases. Chronic blockade of the endogenous opioids with the long-acting opioid antagonist naltrexone could result in increased gonadotropin secretion and ovulation induction in these cases. A single-blind ovulation induction protocol comparing naltrexone, placebo and clomiphene citrate was evaluated in eight patients with secondary amenorrhea. Naltrexone proved not to be more effective than placebo in our study. Only one patient ovulated on naltrexone, one on placebo and four on clomiphene citrate. The latter therapy caused a better endocrine response. In conclusion, although ovulation could be incidentally induced by naltrexone, this drug did not appear to be more successful than placebo and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in this population of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Armeanu
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schoemaker
mesh_terms: D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010060:Ovulation; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods*; D010919:Placebos
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D010919:Placebos; D002996:Clomiphene; D009271:Naltrexone