title: Sex steroid receptors, S-phase fraction and DNA ploidy as determinants of the risk of relapse and death of female breast cancer.
abstract: S phase fraction (SPF) and DNA ploidy were related to disease outcome by a separate analysis of sex steroid receptor positive and negative tumours in a series of 232 patients with breast carcinoma followed-up for over 8 years in our clinic. SPF was significantly higher in receptor-negative tumours than in receptor-positive ones (p = 0.037). SPF predicted recurrence only in ER+ or PR+ patients (p = 0.02-0.003). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was significantly related to SPF only in ER+ (p = 0.001) and PR+ (p less than 0.001) tumours. In survival analysis, ER+ (p = 0.002) and PR+ (p less than 0.001) patients were efficiently divided into prognostic groups by SPF, whereas in ER- and in PR- tumours SPF had only suggestive predictive value. In N- tumours, SPF predicted recurrence-free survival and disease-related survival in ER+ (p = 0.003) (p = 0.039) and in PR+ (p = 0.003) (p = 0.012) tumours, respectively, whereas in ER-, PR-, tumours, SPF had no predictive value. In pN+ tumours, SPF also predicted survival in ER+ (p = 0.03) and in PR+ (p = 0.024) tumours. Thus the prognosis of ER+ or PR+ tumours with an SPF less than 9% is favourable with a risk of death of about 20%, in contrast to that of about 70% in tumours with an SPF greater than 9% during the follow-up period. To conclude, the proliferation rate as measured by S phase fraction by FCM is a highly significant prognostic factor in breast cancer. The prognostic value of S phase fraction is confined to steroid receptor-positive tumours, whereas in receptor-negative tumours SPF has no predictive value. The results thus suggest that all women with steroid receptor-negative breast tumours and those receptor-positive tumours with an SPF higher than 9% should be subjected to postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy immediately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Surgery, University of Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lipponen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eskelinen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papinaho
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Klemi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aaltomaa
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kosma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Syrjänen
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D003643:Death; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011003:Ploidies; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis*; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016196:S Phase; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone