title: The effect of bicarbonate on resuscitation from cardiac arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study attempted to determine the effect of bicarbonate administration on resuscitation in a porcine model of prolonged cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  After instrumentation, 26 swine were subjected to ventricular fibrillation for 15 minutes (16 animals) or 20 minutes (ten animals) with no resuscitative efforts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resuscitation attempts with open-chest cardiac massage and epinephrine were used in all animals after the arrest period. The experimental group was given sodium bicarbonate (3 mEq/kg), and the control group received 3% saline (5 mL/kg) at the initiation of cardiac massage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resuscitation success, hemodynamics, and arterial and mixed venous gases were compared in the bicarbonate and hypertonic saline-treated groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in resuscitation rates between bicarbonate and nonbicarbonate-treated swine. After 15 minutes of ventricular fibrillation, six of eight bicarbonate-treated swine were resuscitated successfully compared with five of eight hypertonic saline-treated animals. None of the five bicarbonate-treated or five hypertonic saline-treated swine that underwent 20 minutes of ventricular fibrillation were resuscitated. The arterial and mixed venous pH values were significantly different in the bicarbonate-treated animals from values in the control group. There was no difference in systolic or diastolic blood pressures or myocardial perfusion pressure between the bicarbonate and hypertonic saline-treated animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite correlation of arterial and venous acidemia, the use of sodium bicarbonate did not improve resuscitation from prolonged cardiac arrest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Federiuk
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ewy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D012151:Resuscitation; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014680:Veins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D012964:Sodium