title: Inhibition of epithelial chloride channels by cytosol.
abstract: Chloride channels that have an intermediate conductance and are outwardly rectifying were studied by the patch-clamp technique in cell-excised membrane patches from respiratory epithelial cells in primary culture (REC) of normal and cystic fibrosis tissue, HT29 and T84 human colon carcinoma cells and placenta trophoblast cells (PTC). Chloride channels were immediately activated by the exposure of the cytosolic side of the patch to a Ringer-type solution, which lacked cytosolic components normally inhibiting chloride channels in the "on" cell configuration. Tentatively, we labelled the cytosolic component (or components) responsible for this inhibition cytosolic inhibitor (CI). The presence of CI in cytosol derived from HT29 cells was shown by assaying crude cytosol extracts from these cells on Cl- channels from HT29 cells (n = 2) and REC from normal subjects and cystic fibrosis patients (n = 4). In order to examine CI further, PTC were used as a source of cytosol. The cytosol of PTC inhibited HT29 Cl- channels in a dose-dependent manner with a half-maximal inhibition observed at a 1:6 dilution (n = 11) of the native cytosol. CI from PTC was heat-stable (10 min at 100 degrees C, n = 8). When cytosol extract was partitioned into a chloroform phase, Cl- channel inhibition was shown for the lipophilic extract (n = 12) as well as for the aqueous phase (n = 10). The inhibitory potency of the lipid extract was slightly larger than that of the aqueous phase. Several separation procedures were used to determine the molecular size of CI. When CI was filtered through 30-kDa filters at 6000 rpm for 45 min, inhibitory potency was observed in the filtrate and the retained fraction (n = 3). The same was observed with 10-kDa filters (n = 6). When CI was dialysed through a 12-kDa membrane, inhibitory capacity was recovered from the dialysate. Similarly, gel filtration indicated that CI was less than 5 kDa (n = 13) and probably less than 1.5 kDa (n = 11), but greater than 700 kDa (n = 9). CI was exposed to bead-coupled hydrolysing enzymes (trypsin, non-specific protease, lipase, alpha-amylase, nucleotidase), but none of the enzymes used destroyed the inhibitory potency of CI. These data indicate that CI is present in HT29 as well as in PTC. It inhibits reversibly intermediate-conductance outwardly rectifying Cl- channels in REC, HT29, and PTC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Physiologisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kunzelmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tilmann
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greger
mesh_terms: D018118:Chloride Channels; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000502:physiology*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010920:Placenta / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; D002712:Chlorides; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008565:Membrane Proteins