title: Feedback control of mitosis in budding yeast.
abstract: We have investigated the feedback control that prevents cells with incompletely assembled spindles from leaving mitosis. We isolated budding yeast mutants sensitive to the anti-microtubule drug benomyl. Mitotic arrest-deficient (mad) mutants are the subclass of benomyl-sensitive mutants in which the completion of mitosis is not delayed in the presence of benomyl and that die as a consequence of their premature exit from mitosis. A number of properties of the mad mutants indicate that they are defective in the feedback control over the exit from mitosis: their killing by benomyl requires passage through mitosis; their benomyl sensitivity can be suppressed by an independent method for delaying the exit from mitosis; they have normal microtubules; and they have increased frequencies of chromosome loss. We cloned MAD2, which encodes a putative calcium-binding protein whose disruption is lethal. We discuss the role of feedback controls in coordinating events in the cell cycle.
authors.affiliation: Program in Cell Biology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0444.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D001542:Benomyl / Q000494:pharmacology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D005246:Feedback; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D064246:Mad2 Proteins; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology*; D008938:Mitosis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D006656:Protamine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C577695:MAD2 protein, S cerevisiae; D064246:Mad2 Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D006656:Protamine Kinase; D001542:Benomyl