title: Construction of an infectious DNA clone of the full-length human spumaretrovirus genome and mutagenesis of the bel 1 gene.
abstract: An infectious and full-length molecular clone of genomic human spumaretrovirus (HSRV) DNA was constructed. The infectivity of the pHSRV13 clone was demonstrated after transfection into susceptible cells by passage of HSRV-specific cytopathic effects as a cell-free culture supernatant, by electron microscopy of HSRV particles in pHSRV13 DNA-transfected cells, by detection of HSRV transcripts, and by identification of HSRV-encoded proteins with Env- and Bel-specific antisera in indirect immunofluorescence assays and in protein blotting. The predominant HSRV protein detected in immunoblots by both Bel 1- and Bel 2-specific antisera had an apparent molecular weight of 56 kDa and corresponds to Bet. The amino-terminus of Bet is encoded by part of a Bel 1-specific RNA and the larger Bet domain by an RNA species from the bel 2 gene (Muranyi, W., and Flügel, R. M. J. Virology 65, 727-735, 1991). HSRV-specific proteins of 36 and 43 kDa reacted with Bel 1 and Bel 2 antisera, consistent with the values calculated for the bel 1 and bel 2 gene products, respectively. Deletion mutagenesis of the transcriptional HSRV-specific trans-activator bel 1 and the bet genes completely abolished the infectivity of the pHSRV13 clone. The defect in RNA, protein, and virion synthesis was trans-complemented by cotransfection of an expression clone harboring the complete bel coding region. This result demonstrates that the bel 1 gene is required for viral replication. It remains to be determined whether other HSRV gene products, like bet that share a common region with bel 1, contributed to the defect observed.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virusforschung, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Löchelt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zentgraf
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Flügel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004261:DNA Replication; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006801:Humans; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D016296:Mutagenesis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D016092:Spumavirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D014162:Transfection; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015534:Trans-Activators