title: Ditiocarb sodium (diethyldithiocarbamate) therapy in patients with symptomatic HIV infection and AIDS. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study.
abstract: We randomized 389 symptomatic patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to ditiocarb sodium (400 mg/m2 orally for 24 weeks) or a placebo. Patients were well balanced according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) group, CD4+ cell number, and duration of disease prior to entry. Ten new acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining opportunistic infections occurred in the treated patients and 21 in the controls. Reduction of new opportunistic infections in the ditiocarb group was significant in all patients (relative risk [RR], 0.44) and in patients with AIDS (CDC groups IV-C1 and IV-D) (RR, 0.12). The size of the effect of ditiocarb was maintained when data were reanalyzed after exclusion of a patient who progressed to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who was not strictly CDC-defined (RR, 0.46), or when considering as new opportunistic infections three events, which were clinically active at entry, but for which the definitive diagnosis was made during study (RR, 0.49). The administration of ditiocarb did not induce any major adverse clinical or biological reactions. We conclude that, in this study, ditiocarb was safe and reduced the incidence of opportunistic infections in patients with symptomatic HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson 85724.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hersh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brewton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galpin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gorter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jonikas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Landesman
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D004050:Ditiocarb / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D010919:Placebos; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D004050:Ditiocarb