title: Detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies using the promyelocytic HL-60 cell-line.
abstract: IgG autoantibodies against antigen in the cytoplasm of cells of the neutrophil-monocyte cell lineage have been found in the sera of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). The indirect immunofluorescence test (IFT) is proving to be a valuable screening test for these antibodies, but obtaining neutrophils for substrate is time-consuming, and interpretation of the fluorescence patterns in ethanol-fixed cells requires considerable experience. We report an improved IFT using HL-60 cells as substrate. The myeloid reactivity of HL-60 cells was characterized and compared to that of neutrophils, with and without prior ethanol fixation. In contrast to neutrophils, myeloperoxidase (MPO) was more completely extracted from HL-60 cells by prior ethanol fixation, eliminating the confusion inherent in trying to distinguish anti-MPO antibodies from Wegener's granulomatosis associated anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (WG-ANCA) in the IFT. The WG-ANCA reactivity remained intact with ethanol fixation, producing a distinct crescent and half-moon pattern of specific immunofluorescence. This WG-ANCA positive pattern was found in 25 sera from 11 WG patients and was absent in over 1200 control sera from patients referred for autoantibody testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27103.
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saluta
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Semble
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Pisko
mesh_terms: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; D001323:Autoantibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D009195:Peroxidase