title: Immunopotentiation of bovine herpes virus subunit vaccination by interleukin-2.
abstract: Cattle were immunized with glycoprotein IV (gIV) from bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1). Groups of five animals were then given either 2, 3, 4, or 5 doses of interleukin-2 (IL-2) (0.5 microgram/kg) at 12-hr intervals. Animals that received no IL-2 exhibited specific immune responses that are typical for BHV-1 infection, i.e. enhanced specific cytotoxicity, lymphocyte proliferative responses to gIV, and increased gIV-specific (ELISA) and virus-neutralizing antibodies. Treatment of animals with five doses of IL-2 significantly augmented all of these responses except serum neutralization (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, the dose of IL-2 that was selected did not induce any non-specific responses, i.e. hypergamma-globulinaemia, changes in blood chemistry, increased lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity, changes in mitogen responsiveness or alterations in the phenotypic profile of circulating lymphocytes. Nor were there any clinical changes associated with IL-2 therapy (e.g. depression, pyrexia, diarrhea). Animals that were treated with less than five doses of IL-2 also exhibited elevated immune responses, but they were not significantly different from untreated immunized controls. Interestingly, animals given five doses of IL-2 responded to minor contaminants present in the gIV preparation. This allows speculation that this dose regimen of IL-2 is not only a potent adjuvant for conventional vaccine immunizing doses, but will also allow the use of minute quantities of antigen for immunization.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Godson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Drunen Littel-Van den Hurk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McDougall
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rapin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zamb
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Babiuk
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002417:Cattle; D002455:Cell Division / Q000276:immunology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines