title: Cascading morphoregulatory energy and the biological form: theory and reality.
abstract: It is proposed that biological forms are not determined by a single molecule or a single process but by multiple forms of energies, acting on a network of molecules. The molecular organization of biological form is determined by not only its molecular composition but also the different forms of internal and external energies acting on those molecules. A concept of cascading morphoregulatory energy is proposed which is defined as the quantal, differential energy--total internal minus total external energy--that acts on the biological form at a given moment in time. It is a quantal composite form of energy consisting of chemical, electromagnetic and phononic or quantum fluid mechanical energy. It is further proposed that biological forms are extremely dynamic and are constantly dominated by internal and external flow-induced fluid forces and energy patterns. Some of the well known variables that influence these fluid patterns include internal and external temperature, salinity, proton and other ionic gradients, surface tension, hydrostatic pressures and organic compositions. A biological process and its products form a unit. A biological process serves as a source and its products are subject t] local dispersive fluid forces constrained by chaotic streamlines. The process and products together form a unitary biological form. The biomolecular fluid patterning seems to follow curvilinear geometry. On the basis of these general principles computer simulations of most biological structures seem to be feasible. This would provide a good beginning for the physical modelling of biological forms.
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D011522:Protons; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014867:Water / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D014867:Water