title: Imidazoquinoline derivatives: potent inhibitors of platelet cAMP phosphodiesterase which elevate cAMP levels and activate protein kinase in platelets.
abstract: Compounds containing the imidazoquinoline nucleus are a new class of potent, broad-spectrum inhibitors of platelet aggregation. This report describes studies with a simply-substituted imidazoquinoline (BMY 20844) and several new ether-linked side chain derivatives (BMY 21638 and BMY 43351). These compounds are potent inhibitors of platelet cAMP phosphodiesterase (IC50 values: BMY 20844, 1.3 X 10(-8); BMY 21638, 2 X 10(-10); and BMY 43351, 1 X 10(-10) M, measured using 0.15 microM cAMP) but have little effect on platelet homogenate cGMP phosphodiesterase (IC50 greater than 10(-5) M). Inhibition of different cAMP phosphodiesterase isozymes was tested to determine if the compounds inhibited similar isozymes in other tissues. Rabbit heart cAMP phosphodiesterase isozymes were resolved by ion-exchange chromatography and three peaks of activity were obtained. BMY 20844 inhibited only fraction III (a "cGMP-inhibitable, low Km" cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase) with an IC50 value of 5 X 10(-8) M. These compounds also inhibited canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound "cGMP-inhibitable, low Km" cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase with virtually the same potency as inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase in platelet homogenate. In washed platelets these compounds elevated cAMP levels and activated the platelet cAMP dependent protein kinase. Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was determined by cAMP-dependent protein kinase ratio measurements and phosphorylation of intracellular proteins. These studies suggest that this potent new class of agents inhibits platelet phosphodiesterase activity in intact platelets causing an elevation in cAMP levels sufficient to activate the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and stimulate protein phosphorylation. This mechanism is, at least in part, responsible for the ability of these compounds to prevent platelet aggregation and thrombosis in experimental animal models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seiler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Brassard
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Meanwell
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fleming
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000097:blood*; D004285:Dogs; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000097:blood*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011804:Quinolines; C069965:BMY 21638; C062501:1,3-dihydro-7,8-dimethyl-2H-imidazo(4,5-b)quinolin-2-one; C069964:BMY 43351; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011494:Protein Kinases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases