title: Sedative and cardiovascular effects of midazolam in swine.
abstract: The ability to reliably produce sedation in swine is hampered by the paucity of agents available. This project examined the use of a new water soluble benzodiazepine, midazolam, as a sedative in swine. Echocardiographic studies were performed on thirty 23 to 30 kg Yorkshire swine before and 20 minutes after each animal received a single intramuscular dose of 100 micrograms/kg midazolam. Heart rate and respiratory rate decreased significantly compared to nonsedated values (93 +/- 7 versus 117 +/- 2 bpm and 10 +/- 1 versus 20 +/- 1 breaths/min, respectively [p less than 0.05]). However, there was no effect on left ventricular fractional shortening (29.9 greater than 0.05 versus 29.5 +/- 0.05% [p greater than 0.05]). An additional five pigs were instrumented for a dose response study in order to collect hemodynamic data and blood gas values at baseline, and 15 min after the intravenous administration of incremental doses of midazolam (100 to 1,000 micrograms/kg). Despite a significant decrease in heart rate and respiratory rate, cardiac output, blood gases, and pH remained within normal ranges at all dosage levels. Both routes of administration produced sedation for 20 min in all animals. Midazolam is an effective swine sedative that is associated with stable cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Comparative Medicine, Charleston 29425.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zellner
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Spinale
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Swindle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D008874:Midazolam