title: Diltiazem alters some withdrawal signs in pentobarbital-dependent rats.
abstract: Male, Sprague-Dawley rats were made dependent on pentobarbital sodium (PB) by continuous, IP infusion of PB for 13 days. On Day 14, a 72-hour PB-free period began during which body weight, 24-hour water consumption and withdrawal scores were noted. In Study 1, rats were placed into one of four treatment groups at the start of the PB-free period. Groups included saline-infused control rats with twice daily administration of either vehicle or diltiazem and PB-dependent rats treated twice daily with either diltiazem or vehicle. In Study 2, rats were placed into one of the four treatment groups at the start of the 13-day PB-infusion period. In Study 1, PB-dependent rats treated with diltiazem exhibited approximately 10% loss of body weight at both 12 and 48 hours of the PB-free period while PB-dependent rats treated with vehicle exhibited only about a 5% loss of body weight. PB-dependent rats treated with either diltiazem or vehicle both exhibited about a 40% decline in water consumption and were noted to have significant increases in withdrawal scores by the fifth hour of the PB-free period. As compared to the scores of PB-dependent rats treated with vehicle, diltiazem did not significantly alter the withdrawal scores of PB-dependent rats at any time point during the PB-free period. In Study 2, the chronic administration of diltiazem to PB-infused rats produced both a significant decrease in water consumption at 48 and 72 hours and a significant increase in withdrawal scores from 3-48 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Vermillion 57069.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Yutrzenka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reynen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D008297:Male; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D004110:Diltiazem; D010424:Pentobarbital