title: The effects of irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on transmission through sympathetic ganglia of the bullfrog.
abstract: The effects of soman, sarin and VX were examined on ganglionic transmission through paravertebral chain ganglia of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Low frequency (0.1 Hz), short (2 sec) and long (10 sec) trains of preganglionic stimulation, after exposure to the agents, induced repetitive activity in the extracellularly recorded compound action potential. An irreversible transient depression was observed after exposure to the agents during the first second of short and long stimulus trains. Long stimulus trains of high frequency were required to produce a rundown in the amplitude of the compound action potential, whether recorded in the presence of each agent (10 microM) or following a wash with agent-free solution. The rundown of the compound action potential was use-dependent and not blocked or reversed by atropine (10 microM). Intracellular recordings, in the presence of either soman or VX, demonstrated (1) an increase in the amplitude of the residual excitatory postsynaptic potential or current evoked by synaptic stimulation, (2) an increase in the amplitude and duration of the acetylcholine-induced potential, (3) no increase in either the amplitude or duration of the carbachol-induced potential, (4) repetitive firing with orthodromic but not antidromic stimulation and (5) a concentration- and frequency-dependent depolarization of individual ganglion neurons with orthodromic stimulation which resulted in a decrease in the generation of action potentials. These results suggest that the agent-induced decrease in the compound action potential occurred as a consequence of activity-dependent depolarization of ganglion neurons, which occurs after inhibition of cholinesterase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Heppner
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fiekers
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D011892:Rana catesbeiana; D012524:Sarin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012999:Soman / Q000494:pharmacology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000109:Acetylcholine; D001285:Atropine; D002217:Carbachol; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D012524:Sarin; D012999:Soman; C009680:VX-agent