title: Activating mutations in the NH2- and COOH-terminal moieties of the Gs alpha subunit have dominant phenotypes and distinguishable kinetics of adenylyl cyclase stimulation.
abstract: The alpha subunit polypeptides of the G proteins Gs and Gi2 stimulate and inhibit adenylyl cyclase, respectively. The alpha s and alpha i2 subunits are 65% homologous in amino acid sequence but have highly conserved GDP/GTP binding domains. Previously, we mapped the functional adenylyl cyclase activation domain to a 122 amino acid region in the COOH-terminal moiety of the alpha s polypeptide (Osawa et al: Cell 63:697-706, 1990). The NH2-terminal half of the alpha s polypeptide encodes domains regulating beta gamma interactions and GDP dissociation. A series of chimeric cDNAs having different lengths of the NH2- or COOH-terminal coding sequence of alpha s substituted with the corresponding alpha i2 sequence were used to introduce multi-residue non-conserved mutations in different domains of the alpha s polypeptide. Mutation of either the amino- or carboxy-terminus results in an alpha s polypeptide which constitutively activates cAMP synthesis when expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The activated alpha s polypeptides having mutations in either the NH2- or COOH-terminus demonstrate an enhanced rate of GTP gamma S activation of adenylyl cyclase. In membrane preparations from cells expressing the various alpha s mutants, COOH-terminal mutants, but not NH2-terminal alpha s mutants markedly enhance the maximal stimulation of adenylyl cyclase by GTP gamma S and fluoride ion. Neither mutation at the NH2- nor COOH-terminus had an effect on the GTPase activity of the alpha s polypeptides. Thus, mutation at NH2- and COOH-termini influence the rate of alpha s activation, but only the COOH-terminus appears to be involved in the regulation of the alpha s polypeptide activation domain that interacts with adenylyl cyclase.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dhanasekaran
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Heasley
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002678:Chimera; D006224:Cricetinae; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000235:genetics; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases