title: A P element of Scaptomyza pallida is active in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: Several results suggest that P elements have recently invaded natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster after a horizontal transfer from another species. The donor species is thought to come from the willistoni group, which contains P elements very homologous to those of D. melanogaster. However, more divergent P elements are present in many other Drosophilidae species. We have analyzed such elements from Scaptomyza pallida, a species phylogenetically distant to D. melanogaster. We report here the isolation of two coding P elements from S. pallida (PS2 and PS18) that are 4% divergent from one another. At least one of these elements (PS18) is active since it is able to transpose in D. melanogaster and to mobilize a D. melanogaster defective P element, even though its nucleotide sequence is 24% divergent from the canonical P element of D. melanogaster. To our knowledge, a P element that is active and strongly divergent from the D. melanogaster P element has not been reported previously. Sequence comparison between the complete P elements of D. melanogaster and S. pallida reveals that the structural characteristics are maintained: PS2 and PS18 contain terminal inverted repeats and internal repeats very similar to those of the D. melanogaster P element. In addition, the noncoding regions cis necessary for the transposition are more conserved than the coding sequences. Two domains found in the D. melanogaster P transposase (helix-turn-helix and leucine zipper) are well conserved in the putative proteins encoded by PS2 and PS18. This study provides insights into which parts of P elements are functionally important and correlates with functional studies of the P element in D. melanogaster.
authors.affiliation: Dynamique du Génome et Evolution, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simonelig
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anxolabéhère
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004175:Diptera / Q000235:genetics*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D015723:Gene Library; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D019895:Transposases
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases; D019895:Transposases