title: Germanium poisoning: clinical symptoms and renal damage caused by long-term intake of germanium.
abstract: We report five patients who have taken inorganic germanium preparations over a prolonged period. In all cases, the renal function deteriorated with no proteinuria or hematuria. Histological examination of the kidneys showed widespread tubular degeneration and interstitial fibrosis with minor glomerular abnormalities. Most patients had gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, anorexia and weight loss; one patient had peripheral neuropathy and myopathy. A considerable amount of germanium was detected in the hair or nails of these patients. These cases clearly show that abuse of inorganic germanium compounds can induce renal damage with various extrarenal manifestations.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Obara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamakage
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kakizawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D002648:Child; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005857:Germanium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning*; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000188:drug therapy; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009262:Nails / Q000737:chemistry; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000506:poisoning*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D005857:Germanium