title: Retinoic acid enhances IL-1 beta expression in myeloid leukemia cells and in human monocytes.
abstract: We have examined the role of retinoic acid (RA), the biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, in expression of the IL-1 beta gene in the human myeloid leukemia cell line THP-1 and in human monocytes. Both protein kinase C-activating phorbol esters, e.g., PMA, and LPS induce IL-1 beta expression in these cells. Physiologic RA concentrations alone were not able to induce any IL-1 beta production, but they strongly enhanced the PMA-induced IL-1 beta protein production and mRNA accumulation in both human monocytes and in THP-1 cells. Nuclear run-off analysis revealed that the enhancing effect was at the transcriptional level. RA also slightly potentiated LPS-induced IL-1 beta expression in THP-1 cells but not in human monocytes. These data suggest that RA can be a strong up-regulator of IL-1 production, but its strength varies depending on the nature of the activating signal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matikainen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Serkkola
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hurme
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014212:Tretinoin; D003994:Bucladesine; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; C043204:N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate