title: Participation of opioid receptors in the modulation of the analgesic response by adrenal and gonadal glands.
abstract: The involvement of opioid receptors in the analgesic response was evaluated by the tail-immersion test in simultaneously adrenalectomized and ovariectomized female Wistar rats (210-250 g). The reaction time (mean +/- SEM) for tail withdrawal from hot water decreased significantly 2 weeks after surgery (3.52 +/- 0.20 s) when compared to intact animals (6.09 +/- 0.23 s). Hormonal replacement with dexamethasone (50 micrograms/day) did not affect reaction time (3.38 +/- 0.19 s). However, this response was restored by combined adrenal and gonadal steroid substitution (estradiol 5 micrograms/day and progesterone 1.5 micrograms 6 h before the tests) therapy (5.11 +/- 0.45 s in animals treated with dexamethasone plus estradiol and 5.04 +/- 0.43 s in animals treated with dexamethasone plus estradiol plus progesterone). Naloxone (2 mg/kg) decreased the reaction time of animals treated with adrenal and gonadal steroids (5.11 +/- 0.45 vs 4.15 +/- 0.44 s and 5.04 +/- 0.43 vs 3.87 +/- 0.28 s, respectively, before and after naloxone) but failed to decrease it in rats treated with dexamethasone only (3.88 +/- 0.18 vs 4.34 +/- 0.25 s, before and after naloxone). These observations indicate that gonadal steroids are the most important steroid factors involved in the reaction time to tail immersion in hot water and confirm other reports that the opioid pathways modulating the neuronal circuitry require the presence of these hormones.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bedran-de-Castro
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Pescinini
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Baiochi
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bedran-de-Castro
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004723:Endorphins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000502:physiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000187:drug effects*; D013623:Tail / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004723:Endorphins; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D009270:Naloxone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D003907:Dexamethasone