title: Modulation and induction of eosinophil chemotaxis by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3.
abstract: Eosinophilia and eosinophil function are regulated by cytokines such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and IL-5. We have investigated the modulatory role of GM-CSF and IL-3 on the platelet-activating factor (PAF)-, neutrophil-activating factor (NAF/IL-8)-, leukotriene B4 (LTB4)-, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-, and human complement factor C5a-induced chemotaxis of eosinophils from normal individuals. These eosinophils show a chemotactic response toward PAF, LTB4, and C5a, but not to NAF/IL-8 and FMLP. Preincubation of the eosinophils with picomolar concentrations of GM-CSF caused a significant increase in the response toward LTB4 and induced a significant chemotactic response toward NAF/IL-8 and FMLP. Preincubation of the eosinophils with picomolar concentrations of IL-3 also induced a chemotactic response toward NAF/IL-8 and FMLP, and enhanced the PAF-induced chemotaxis response toward C5a was not influenced by both cytokines. Nanomolar concentrations of GM-CSF or IL-3 caused a significant inhibition of the C5a-induced chemotaxis. The LTB4-induced chemotaxis was also significantly inhibited in case of GM-CSF. At these concentrations both GM-CSF and IL-3 acted as chemotaxins for eosinophils were washed after pretreatment with GM-CSF and IL-3 the potentiation of the chemotactic response remained, whereas the inhibitory mode of action disappeared. Our data indicate that at picomolar concentrations the cytokines GM-CSF and IL-3 can modulate eosinophil chemotaxis and at nanomolar concentrations these cytokines can act as chemotaxins for eosinophils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Warringa
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koenderman
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kreukniet
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Bruijnzeel
mesh_terms: D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000502:physiology*; D015936:Complement C5a / Q000494:pharmacology; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000502:physiology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007377:Interleukin-3; D016209:Interleukin-8; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D015936:Complement C5a; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor