title: Effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and phorbol myristate acetate on 2-D-deoxyglucose transport and superoxide production in rat peritoneal macrophages.
abstract: 2-D-Deoxyglucose (2-dGlc) uptake and accumulation into rat peritoneal macrophages was increased by colony-stimulating factor (mCSF) by stimulating the coupling between endofacial hexokinase activity and the sugar transporter. The evidence for this is as follows: (1) mCSF significantly decreased the Km for zero-trans uptake (P less than 0.05), without altering Vmax.; (2) the accumulation of free 2-dGlc was increased by mCSF (P less than 0.05); (3) mCSF retarded the rate of exit of accumulated free 2-dGlc. The mCSF-dependent increase in 2-dGlc uptake by macrophages was enhanced by preincubation of the cells in mCSF-free solution. The activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) measured by the differential uptake of 2-d[1-3H]Glc and 2-d[2,6-3H]Glc was not stimulated by mCSF. Also, in quiescent cells, superoxide production, as determined by cytochrome c reduction, was unaffected by mCSF. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA; 40 nM) stimulated both the HMPS activity and superoxide production. Both these effects were dependent on the uptake of external sugar (2-dGlc). Incubation of the macrophages with mCSF enhanced the sugar transport and PMA-dependent stimulation of HMPS activity and superoxide production, indicating a role for mCSF in the 'priming' of macrophage functions. Both HMPS activity and superoxide production are entirely dependent on uptake of exogenous sugar, since the potent sugar-transport inhibitor cytochalasin B competitively inhibited 2-dGlc uptake, HMPS activity and superoxide generation in PMA-activated cells (Ki approximately 0.3 microM for all three processes). Over a wide range of 2-dGlc concentrations, 4 mol of superoxide were generated/mol of 2-dGlc metabolized in the HMPS pathway, indicating coupling between these processes. The Km of 2-d[2,6-3H]Glc uptake in PMA-treated cells was 0.45 +/- 0.07 mM, and Vmax. was 1.32 +/- 0.05 mumol.min-1.ml of cell water-1. It is evident that there is a large degree of slippage between HMPS activity and membrane-associated hexokinase activity, since the Km for HMPS activity was 0.06 +/- 0.02 mM and the Vmax. was 0.10 +/- 0.03 mumol.min-1.ml of cell water-1.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences Division (Physiology), King's College London, U.K.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rist
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Naftalin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D003571:Cytochalasin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D010427:Pentose Phosphate Pathway / Q000187:drug effects; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides; D003571:Cytochalasin B; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate