title: Calcium entry blockade and adrenergic vascular reactivity in hypertensives: differences between nicardipine and diltiazem.
abstract: The interference of nicardipine and diltiazem infused into the brachial artery at systemically ineffective rates, with the forearm vascular response to graded exogenous norepinephrine, was evaluated in hypertensive patients. Nicardipine (1 and 3 micrograms/dl forearm tissue/min in both absence and presence of propranolol) increased forearm blood flow (venous plethysmography) and antagonized dose dependently the vasoconstrictor effect of norepinephrine, suggesting that functional alpha-antagonism may participate in the vasodilating and possibly the antihypertensive effect of the drug. On the contrary, no antagonism but rather potentiation of the responses to norepinephrine occurred after diltiazem (0.5 and 1 microgram/dl forearm tissue/min). Because intra-arterial propranolol abolished that potentiating action of the drug, whereas the local vasodilation to isoproterenol was clearly reduced, diltiazem probably interfered with beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated vasorelaxing mechanisms in human forearm arterioles. The data further stress the heterogeneity of calcium entry blockers in humans.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, I Clinica Medica, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pedrinelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Panarace
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvetti
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000328:Adult; D001692:Biological Transport; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D011433:Propranolol; D009529:Nicardipine; D004110:Diltiazem; D009638:Norepinephrine