title: Renal clearance, urinary excretion of endogenous substances, and urinary diagnostic indices in healthy neonatal foals.
abstract: Urine (U) and serum (S) were obtained every 2 hours during a 12- or 24-hour period from eight healthy 96-hour-old pony or horse foals. Dams' milk samples were obtained concurrently. Urine volume was measured during this 12- or 24-hour period. The mean amount of urine produced was 148 +/- 20 ml/kg/day. Baseline urinalyses were evaluated on all foals at two days of age, before any manipulation. Urine generally was dilute (less than 1.008) but the specific gravity was as high as 1.027 in one normal foal. Continuous (12 or 24 hour) urinary catheterization resulted in bacteriuria but not white blood cells in the urine. Prolonged catheterization did not cause foals to become febrile or exhibit clinical signs of cystitis or other illness. Urinary electrolyte excretion, urinary electrolyte clearances, and fractional electrolyte excretions (FE) were measured. When compared with normal values reported in adult horses, excretion, clearance, and FE were similar for sodium (Na) but higher for potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca). There were no significant differences between data collected during different time periods, and it was concluded that the use of single sample urine/serum estimates of fractional excretion in the neonatal foal was an appropriate indicator of the renal handling of electrolytes, and when viewed in conjunction with urinalysis and other serum parameters, a valuable aid to evaluating renal function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0136.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lotz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gronwall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000652:urine*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000652:urine*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D012016:Reference Values; D013046:Specific Gravity; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000662:veterinary; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D003404:Creatinine; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase