title: Learning and memory impairment in albino rats after potassium ethylxanthogenate. Effects of nootropic agents.
abstract: The effects of the nootropic agents piracetam, aniracetam, meclofenoxate and fipexide on the cognitive functions impaired after potassium ethylxanthogenate, inhibitor of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, were tested in experiments on albino rats. The changes in learning and memory were traced by the active conditioned avoidance method with negative reinforcement (shuttle-box) and the passive avoidance method (step-down). Potassium ethylxanthogenate, injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 100 mg/kg, markedly impaired learning and memory with both methods used. Piracetam (600 mg/kg), aniracetam (50 mg/kg), meclofenoxate (100 mg/kg) and fipexide (10 mg/kg), administered orally five days before and five days during shuttle-box training, as well as five days before step-down training, completely prevented the impairing effect of potassium ethylxanthogenate on the cognitive processes. The role of the noradrenergic neurotransmitter system and of other brain transmitter systems for memory disturbances caused by potassium ethylxanthogenate, as well as the protective effect of the nootropic drugs used, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Genkova-Papasova
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazarova-Bakarova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects; D013871:Thiones / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D013871:Thiones; C004918:ethylxanthate; D009638:Norepinephrine