title: Atrial natriuretic peptide levels in brain venous outflow during cardiopulmonary bypass in humans: evidence for extracardiac hormonal production.
abstract: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone with an important role in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume. The ANP gene is not only expressed in the heart, but the high concentration of ANP in cardiac blood makes it difficult to demonstrate extraatrial hormonal secretion in vivo. This issue was addressed during complete cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in 13 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery in whom ANP concentrations were followed in the internal jugular vein, representing largely brain venous outflow, as well as a peripheral vein and radial artery, after the heart and lungs were excluded from circulation. Plasma ANP levels in the peripheral venous circulation showed no significant changes during extracorporeal circulation, although they tended to decrease (from 6.75 +/- 2.16 fmol/mL to 4.76 +/- 0.69 fmol/mL; P greater than 0.05). ANP levels in the radial artery decreased significantly after the exclusion of the heart (from 16.84 +/- 3.51 fmol/mL to 6.83 +/- 0.97 fmol/mL; P less than 0.01). In contrast, ANP concentration in the internal jugular vein increased in 12 of 13 patients during the first 15 minutes of CPB (from 9.49 +/- 1.96 fmol/mL to 15.96 +/- 2.8 fmol/mL; P less than 0.01) and remained above the levels found simultaneously in other sampling sites during CPB. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of plasma extracts showed multiple peaks of ANP, but the elution patterns of peripheral venous blood and brain outflow were similar. One of the immunoreactive peaks was located at the position of standard human ANP (Ser99-Met110-Tyr126).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Universitario, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terán
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Iturbe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gutkowska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D014680:Veins
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor