title: Fiberoptic ductoscopy of the breast: a new diagnostic procedure for nipple discharge.
abstract: A fiberoptic ductoscopy system was successfully developed by means of which we were able to observe the duct cavity of the breast. Two kinds of silicafiberscopes with outer diameters 0.80 and 0.45 mm were used in the present study. Fiberoptic ductoscopy was applied to 52 ducts in 46 patients with nipple discharge for whom no tumor was palpable; the intraductal appearance could be observed in 47 ducts from 41 patients (90.3%). Fourteen ducts from 13 patients were operated upon and were histologically diagnosed as carcinoma (four cases), intraductal papilloma (nine ducts from eight patients) and mastitis (one case). The internal surface of a normal duct was lustrous and smooth. Cancer growing on the surface of a duct wall appeared white and was slightly elevated, forming a bridging structure. The intraductal papillomas formed intraductal solid nodules, being yellow in most cases and red at the site of hemorrhage. Fiberoptic ductoscopy can be used to recognize the growth of minute intraductal lesions in cases of nipple discharge. Clinical endoscopic diagnosis for minute intraductal lesions will make an important contribution to the early detection of cancer and the evaluation of nipple involvement in intraductal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical College.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asaishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nabeta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009558:Nipples / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology*; D010212:Papilloma / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values