Na(+)-H+ exchanger and its role in essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
The Na(+)-H+ exchanger is a ubiquitous transport system that is involved in the regulation of intracellular pH, cell growth and proliferation, cell volume regulation, and transepithelial absorption of Na+, Cl-, and HCO3-. Altered activity of the Na(+)-H+ exchanger has been implicated as a mechanism contributing to the development of high blood pressure in subgroups of patients with essential hypertension and in various animal models of hypertension. Many of these studies measured Na(+)-Li+ exchange rather than Na(+)-H+ exchange, hypothesizing that Na(+)-Li+ exchange represents a functional mode of the Na(+)-H+ exchanger. However, this is a controversial assumption. Several studies have also shown an association between erythrocyte Na(+)-Li(+)-exchange rate and predisposition to nephropathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The recent cDNA cloning of at least one isoform of the Na(+)-H+ exchanger will help clarify the cellular mechanisms of regulation of the exchanger and its possible role in pathophysiological states such as hypertension.
Huot
S J
SJ
Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Aronson
P S
PS
D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers