title: Cromakalim (BRL 34915) counteracts the epileptiform activity elicited by diltiazem and verapamil in rats.
abstract: 1. The effects of BRL 34915 (cromakalim), a potassium channel opener, have been tested on the epileptiform activity elicited by high dose/concentrations of some calcium antagonists in in vivo (diltiazem) and in vitro (diltiazem and verapamil) experiments in rats. 2. Diltiazem (150-300 mg kg-1, i.p.) induced behavioural and electroencephalographic (EEG) seizures that were completely prevented by cromakalim (10 nmol/10 microliters, i.c.v.). Whereas, pentobarbitone (5-10 mg kg-1, i.p.) only prevented the behavioural component of the seizures. 3. In hippocampal slices, verapamil (1.5-2.0 mM) produced, within 30-60 min of perfusion, a CA1 epileptiform bursting in 80% of the experiments. This epileptiform activity was prevented by the cromakalim concentration (50 microM) that did not affect the control CA1 synaptic transmission per se. Pentobarbitone also prevented verapamil-induced epileptiform bursting only at the concentration (100 microM) that also reduced control CA1 synaptic transmission. 4. Diltiazem (1.5 mM) produced a biphasic excitatory-depressant effect within 60 min of perfusion. A CA1 epileptiform bursting appeared in 100% of the experiments within 30 min of perfusion. These excitatory effects were followed by a depression phase, characterized by a reduction of the magnitude of CA1 excitatory postsynaptic potentials (e.p.s.ps) and population spike. 5. The diltiazem-induced epileptiform bursting was prevented by cromakalim at a concentration (50 microM) that did not affect the control CA1 synaptic transmission per se. Pentobarbitone also prevented the diltiazem-induced epileptiform bursting only at a concentration (100 microM) that also reduced the control CA1 synaptic transmission. Both cromakalim (50 microM) and pentobarbitone (100 microM) failed to affect the depressant effects of diltiazem on CA1 hippocampal area. On the contrary, high (3.3mM) calcium solutions prevented both the excitatory and the depressant effects of 1.5 mm diltiazem within 60 min.6. These data indicate an involvement of potassium currents in the epileptiform activity elicited by high doses of diltiazem and verapamil.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Popoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pezzola
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sagratella
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scotti de Carolis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019806:Cromakalim; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects; D014700:Verapamil / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D001578:Benzopyrans; D011758:Pyrroles; D019806:Cromakalim; D014700:Verapamil; D004110:Diltiazem; D010424:Pentobarbital