Magnetic resonance analysis of suprasellar tumors of childhood.
A retrospective analysis of the magnetic resonance (MR) images in 53 pediatric patients with pathologically proven suprasellar tumors was performed, in an attempt to identify the characteristic MR features of these tumors and assess the capability of MR to predict a histologic differentiation. The tumors analyzed included 29 astrocytomas, 11 craniopharyngiomas, 4 germinomas, 3 pituitary adenomas with suprasellar extension, 2 teratomas, 1 spindle cell tumor, 1 primitive neuroectodermal tumor, 1 arachnoid cyst and 1 chordoma of the clivus with suprasellar extension. Thirty patients received intravenous Gd-DTPA as part of their MR exam. Certain MR features, while not pathognomonic, are quite helpful in the differentiation of craniopharyngiomas from chiasmatic/hypothalamic astrocytomas. Presence of a high signal intensity component on T1-weighted images, cyst formation with macrocystic predominance, irregular, heterogeneous solid portion, and smooth ring cyst wall enhancement represent the key characteristics of craniopharyngiomas. Solid predominance with microcysts, long T1 and T2 relaxation times, intense enhancement after contrast administration and extension along the posterior optic pathways are the typical MR findings of chiasmatic/hypothalamic astrocytomas. Presence of diabetes insipidus in correlation with the MR findings of a well-marginated, round or lobular tumor with prolonged T1 and T2 relaxation times, which enhances strongly after Gd-DTPA administration may be the clue in the diagnosis of suprasellar germinomas. Teratomas can be separated from other pediatric suprasellar neoplasms on the basis of internal heterogeneity with presence of fat, calcium and various soft tissue densities. Tumors invading the suprasellar cistern by extension are easily differentiated by identification of the primary site of origin. The above features, while not pathognomonic, are quite helpful in making a specific diagnosis.
Kollias
S S
SS
Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco.
Barkovich
A J
AJ
Edwards
M S
MS
D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002817:Chordoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000473:pathology; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015173:Supratentorial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery