title: Efficacy and safety of granisetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced emesis in paediatric patients.
abstract: In an open ascending-dose study, granisetron, a specific 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, was administered to 24 paediatric patients (17 male, 7 female, mean age 6.2, range 3-15 years) who were receiving moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy for malignant disease. Single doses of 10, 20 and 40 micrograms/kg were administered by intravenous infusion 1 h before chemotherapy. Each dose level was studied in a group of 8 patients. With the 40 micrograms/kg dose, 5 of 8 patients experienced no nausea or vomiting in the 24 h after granisetron treatment. With 20 micrograms/kg, a similar response was seen, but with 10 micrograms/kg only 2 of 8 patients experienced complete antiemetic protection despite additional prophylactic chlorpromazine in this group. Granisetron was very well tolerated, and there were no clinically important changes in pulse rate, blood pressure or Holter electrocardiogram. It is concluded that granisetron was very well tolerated by paediatric patients. In addition, there was clear evidence of a major antiemetic effect for at least 24 h after a single intravenous dose of 20 or 40 micrograms/kg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lemerle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Southall
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Upward
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Murdoch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D017829:Granisetron; D006801:Humans; D007191:Indazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011379:Prognosis; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017829:Granisetron; D007191:Indazoles; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists