title: 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin) and 5-ethynyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (EICAR) markedly potentiate the inhibitory effect of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine on human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood lymphocytes.
abstract: Ribavirin and EICAR are two antiviral agents that share a similar antiviral activity spectrum and are targeted at inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) dehydrogenase. Neither ribavirin nor EICAR inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in peripheral blood lymphocyte cells (PBL) at subtoxic concentrations. However, both compounds markedly potentiate the anti-HIV activity of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (DDI) in PBL cells without a marked increase of toxicity. Both the increased IMP levels and the decreased guanine nucleotide levels caused by ribavirin and EICAR may be responsible for their potentiating effect on the anti-HIV activity of DDI.
authors.affiliation: Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balzarini
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schols
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Clercq
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016049:Didanosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006157:Guanosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D007291:Inosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012263:Ribonucleosides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012263:Ribonucleosides; C059077:5-ethynyl-1-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide; D007291:Inosine Monophosphate; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate; D012254:Ribavirin; D006157:Guanosine Monophosphate; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D016049:Didanosine