title: The calcium-induced curvature reversal of rat sperm is potentiated by cAMP and inhibited by anti-calmodulin.
abstract: Rat sperm, demembranated with 0.1% Triton X-100, were used to explore the reversal in flagellar curvature induced by calcium ion. As reported earlier (Lindemann and Goltz, Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 10:420-431, 1988), the radius of curvature of the flagellar midpiece of rat sperm is controlled by the free Ca2+ concentration. A reversal of the direction of curvature (judged by the asymmetric sperm head) takes place at approximately 2.5 x 10(-6) M free Ca2+. In our current study, the time course of the curvature change, after elevating free Ca2+ to 3.5 x 10(-4) M, was utilized to assess the effects of the cAMP-kinase A pathway on the calcium response. In addition, calmodulin's involvement in this response was explored using anti-calmodulin and Cd2+. The activity state of the sperm models (which could be directly influenced through cAMP) was found to control the rate of curvature change in response to increased free Ca2+. In the most extreme case, fully quiescent sperm did not respond to Ca2+ at all, and cAMP-primed sperm models completed the response to Ca2+ in two minutes or less. Anti-calmodulin demonstrated strong inhibitory effects on the curvature reversal. Cadmium ion was also extremely potent at blocking the response to Ca2+, completely eliminating the curvature reversal at 2 x 10(-10) M free Cd2+. Based on these findings, it appears that the Ca(2+)-activated curvature reversal of rat sperm is potentiated by cAMP-dependent kinase and may be mediated through calmodulin.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4401.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lindemann
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Westbrook
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kanous
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000502:physiology; D004822:Epididymis / Q000166:cytology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology; D013082:Sperm Tail / Q000502:physiology*; D014743:Videotape Recording
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D002118:Calcium