title: Inhibition of tumor cell invasion by verapamil.
abstract: Verapamil, a calcium channel antagonist, inhibits murine B16 melanoma and colon adenocarcinoma C26 tumor metastasis by altering platelet aggregation [Tsuruo, T., et al. (1985) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 14:30-33]. However, the role of calcium homeostasis in regulating several biochemical pathways implicated in other steps of the metastatic cascade suggests that calcium channel antagonists could also inhibit metastasis by other mechanisms. In this report, non-toxic doses of verapamil reversibly decreased human A375M and C8161 melanoma cell invasion and metastasis in a dose-dependent manner. Verapamil reduced cellular invasion and metastases by up to 96% (range 78-96%). Concomitantly, verapamil disrupts microtubule and microfilament organization and inhibits unidirectional cell migration but does not affect cellular adhesion to endothelial monolayers or reconstituted basement membranes. In addition, tumor cells treated with verapamil have a decrease in mRNA of type IV collagenase, a proteinase important in tumor cell degradation of basement membranes. Collectively, these data offer additional evidence regarding the mechanisms of action of verapamil as an anti-metastatic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yohem
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Clothier
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Montague
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Geary
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Winters
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hendrix
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Welch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D008545:Melanoma / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D003012:Microbial Collagenase / Q000187:drug effects; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D014700:Verapamil; D003012:Microbial Collagenase; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9