title: Effects of urea and sodium bicarbonate supplementation of a high-fiber diet on nutrient digestion and ruminal characteristics of defaunated sheep.
abstract: Five sheep (average BW 48 kg) with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas were fed 63% roughage: 37% concentrate diets (CP = 14.5%) in a 5 x 5 Latin square design to study effects of urea and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on nutrient digestion and ruminal characteristics of defaunated sheep. Diets were fed twice daily (DMI = 1,076 g/d). Defaunation was accomplished with 25-ml doses of alkanate 3SL3/sheep daily for 3 d. Control sheep were faunated (Treatment 1) and fed soybean meal as the major N supplement. Remaining sheep were maintained defaunated and fed either the same diet as Treatment 1 (Treatment 2), Treatment 1 with urea replacing 30% of the soybean meal N (Treatment 3), or Treatment 1 with 2% sodium bicarbonate in the diet (Treatment 4). Treatment 5 was a combination of Treatments 3 and 4. Compared with the faunated control, defaunation decreased (P less than .05) total tract DM, OM, NDF, ADF, and CP digestibilities (71.5 vs 69.4, 73.8 vs 71.7, 64.6 vs 61.4, 58.7 vs 55.8, and 74.2 vs 70.6%, respectively) and average (2 to 12 h postfeeding) ruminal fluid ammonia (23.5 vs 13.7 mg/dl) and isobutyrate (.9 vs .7 mM) concentrations. However, defaunation increased (P less than .05) linoleic and linolenic acid flows (.58 vs .45 g C18:2/d; .17 vs .14 g C18:3/d) to and disappearance (.50 vs .39 g C18:2/d; .14 vs .11 g C18:3/d) from the small intestine. Urea supplementation increased (P less than .05) total tract DM (70.2 vs 68.6%) and OM (72.3 vs 71.0%) digestibilities of defaunated sheep but lowered (P less than .05) ruminal fluid isobutyrate concentration (.6 vs .8 mM). Sodium bicarbonate supplementation increased (P less than .05) ruminal fluid pH (6.4 vs 6.2), isobutyrate concentration (.75 vs .60 mM), total tract ADF digestibility (57.6 vs 54.2%), and ruminal NDF (41.6 vs 28.5%), ADF (36.6 vs 22.8%), and CP (-5.5 vs -26.8%) digestibilities in defaunated sheep. Dietary supplementation of urea or sodium bicarbonate increased nutrient digestion by defaunated sheep.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anim. Sci., University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fahey
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Merchen
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D004435:Eating; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000187:drug effects; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D012964:Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D000641:Ammonia; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D014508:Urea; D012964:Sodium; D002794:Choline