title: Opioids can evoke direct receptor-mediated excitatory as well as inhibitory effects on sensory neuron action potentials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Crain
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects*; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D011957:Receptors, Opioid