title: Plasma endothelin levels are increased during septic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether serially measured plasma concentrations of endothelin (a novel, potent, endogenous vasoconstrictor derived from endothelium and macrophages) relate to the pathophysiology and severity of human septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical ICU of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients with septic shock, studied for 8 days after ICU admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial plasma endothelin concentration was increased (14.2 +/- 5.2 [SD] vs. normal 4.2 +/- 0.7 pg/mL, p less than .05) and correlated with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (r2 = .79, p less than .05). For pooled data, endothelin levels correlated poorly with leukocyte counts (r2 = .13), mean arterial pressure (MAP) (r2 = .16), and administered doses of dopamine (r2 = .26). In multiple regression analyses, plasma endothelin concentrations were predicted by dopamine doses and not by MAP. Plasma endothelin concentrations predicted the decrease in creatinine clearance, independently from MAP. The pooled value for correlations between endothelin levels and creatinine clearance, during the course of disease in individual patients, was statistically significant (r2 = .31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During septic shock, the release or production of endothelin may increase as a consequence of endothelial injury by activated leukocytes and the infusion of catecholamines, and this mechanism may relate to renal vasoconstriction and to the severity of disease.
authors.affiliation: Medical Intensive Care Unit, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Voerman
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: van Kamp
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Strack van Schijndel
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Thijs
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003404:Creatinine / Q000032:analysis; D016232:Endothelins / Q000097:blood*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins; D003404:Creatinine