title: The H(+)-motive and Na(+)-motive respiratory chains in Bacillus FTU subcellular vesicles.
abstract: Respiration-dependent pumping of Na+ and H+ into the inside-out subcellular vesicles of alkalotolerant and halotolerant Bacillus FTU grown at alkaline pH was studied. The vesicles were shown to be competent in Na+ and H+ transport coupled to ascorbate oxidation via N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine or diaminodurene. The uphill Na+ uptake is strongly stimulated by either protonophores or valinomycin, whereas H+ uptake is stimulated by valinomycin and completely inhibited by protonophores. The salt of a penetrating weak base and of the penetrating weak acid, diethylammonium acetate, potentiates the stimulating effect of protonophores on Na+ uptake and abolishes H+ uptake. Na+ transport, supported by ascorbate oxidation, is resistant to 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, but sensitive to Ag+ and Na+ ionophore, N,N'-dibenzyl-N,N'-diphenyl-1,2-phenylenediacetamide. Micromolar concentrations of cyanide specifically inhibit the H+ uptake but does not affect Na+ uptake. These cyanide concentrations are shown to cause 70% inhibition of respiration, complete reduction of alpha-type cytochromes and partial reduction of c/b-type cytochromes. To inhibit the remaining respiratory activity and Na/ uptake, approximately 100-fold higher cyanide concentrations are necessary. High cyanide concentrations cause some additional increase in absorbance in the region of cytochromes c and/or b. In the presence of a high cyanide concentration, Na+ uptake can be supported by NADH oxidation by fumarate. This Na+ transport is stimulated by protonophores and diethylammonium acetate, being sensitive to very low concentrations of 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide and Ag+. The NADH-fumarate reductase reaction is also found to be competent in H+ uptake, which is inhibited by protonophores and by much higher 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide concentrations, and is resistant to Ag+. It is inferred that Bacillus FTU possesses two respiratory chains: the H(+)-motive and the Na(+)-motive, which strongly differ in their inhibitor sensitivities. Each chain comprises at least two energy-coupling sites which are localized in their initial and terminal segments. It has been indicated that common redox carrier(s) are present in the two chains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioenergetics, A. N. Belozersky Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow State University, USSR.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Kostyrko
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Semeykina
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Skulachev
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Smirnova
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Vaghina
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Verkhovskaya
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003486:Cyanides / Q000494:pharmacology; D003580:Cytochromes / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D008985:Monensin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015388:Organelles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D011522:Protons; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D014634:Valinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003486:Cyanides; D003580:Cytochromes; D011522:Protons; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D014634:Valinomycin; D008985:Monensin; D012964:Sodium