Frequency and significance of antibody to hepatitis C virus in severe corticosteroid-treated autoimmune chronic active hepatitis.
To determine the frequency and significance of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in severe autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, we tested sera from 85 cortico-steroid-treated patients by an enzyme immunoassay. Seropositive patients were assessed for specific antibodies to hepatitis C virus-encoded antigens by recombinant immunoblot assay. The findings in patients with and without anti-HCV were contrasted, and the frequency of seropositivity was compared with that in patients who had other types of chronic liver disease and in normal adults. Only 5 of the 85 patients with autoimmune hepatitis (6%) were seropositive for anti-HCV, and only 2 of these patients were reactive by recombinant immunoblot assay. The frequency of seropositivity in autoimmune hepatitis was not significantly different from that in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive (9%) and cryptogenic (18%) disease, but it was significantly less than that in posttransfusion chronic active hepatitis (6% versus 75%; P less than 0.001). Two patients became seronegative after corticosteroid therapy; both had been nonreactive by recombinant immunoblot assay. Four of the seropositive patients entered remission during corticosteroid therapy, including three whose sera were nonreactive to virus-encoded antigens. We conclude that anti-HCV occurs infrequently in corticosteroid-treated severe autoimmune hepatitis and that antibodies detected by enzyme immunoassay may be nonreactive to hepatitis C virus-encoded antigens. Seropositive patients who are nonreactive by immunoblot assay may still respond to corticosteroid therapy and become seronegative during treatment.
Czaja
A J
AJ
Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.
Taswell
H F
HF
Rakela
J
J
Schimek
C M
CM
D000328:Adult; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology*; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000276:immunology; D006521:Hepatitis, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D011241:Prednisone