title: Differential effects of ryanodine and tetracaine on charge movement and calcium transients in frog skeletal muscle.
abstract: 1. Charge movement and myoplasmic calcium transients were simultaneously recorded from frog skeletal muscle fibres by using the double-seal Vaseline-gap technique. Calcium transients were monitored with the fluorescent indicator Rhod-2. 2. Ryanodine modified the kinetics and the total amount of charge moved during depolarizing pulses (Q(on)), while it did not significantly modify the charge after repolarization (Q(off)). The extracellular application of 100 microM-ryanodine elicited a temporary initial increase of the delayed component of charge movement (Q gamma) and the calcium transient. Both phenomena were later blocked with the same temporal course and to the same extent. 3. The blockade of Q gamma and the calcium transient was also observed with ryanodine concentrations of 1-10 microM. For membrane potentials positive to -10mV, the Qon measured was larger in the presence of ryanodine; Qoff was not modified. 4. Tetracaine (400-500 microM) blocked a similar delayed component of Qon, identified as Q gamma, as well as the calcium transient monitored simultaneously. This effect was observed in the first minutes after the addition of tetracaine to the extracellular solution. 5. Tetracaine blocked a faster initial component of Qon for voltages positive to -10 mV, corresponding to the voltage range of activation of the calcium current. At these same membrane potentials, Qoff was also reduced to a similar extent to Qon. 6. Ryanodine and tetracaine showed different effects on calcium current. Whereas the slow calcium current was not modified upon the addition of ryanodine, it was completely blocked in the presence of tetracaine. The blockade of the slow calcium current made evident the fast calcium current. The effects of tetracaine on the charge movement, the calcium transient and the slow calcium current were reversible. 7. These results suggest that ryanodine and tetracaine may act at different sites. Ryanodine exerts its effect on the sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptor, blocking calcium release and Q gamma, while tetracaine at these concentrations may affect the release channel and the dihydropyridine receptor, causing a blockade of the charge movement, calcium transient and calcium current.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Avila-Sakar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stefani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D004594:Electrophysiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects*; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011894:Rana pipiens; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013748:Tetracaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D013748:Tetracaine; D012433:Ryanodine; D002118:Calcium