title: Ensiling characteristics of whole-crop small grains harvested at milk and dough stages.
abstract: Dynamics of the ensiling process and final quality of whole-crop wheat, oats, and barley harvested at the milk and the dough stage of maturity were studied using 2.2-liter laboratory silos. An ensiling period of 64 d was used. Silage DM was higher (P less than .05) at the dough than at the milk stage on d 0 and 64. Silage total N content was not different (P greater than .05) among small grain species or stages of maturity either at harvest or 64 d after ensiling. Overall, buffering capacity (BC) on d 0 was greater (P less than .05) in oats and barley than in wheat silages. Small grains had a greater (P less than .05) BC when harvested in the milk stage than when harvested in the dough stage. In all silages, pH had declined (P less than .01) by d 64, when it ranged from 3.8 to 4.1. During the ensiling period, lactic acid concentrations increased (P less than .01) and ranged from 6 to 11% of DM by 64 d of ensiling. Water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content was greater (P less than .01) in milk- than in dough-stage silages for each small grain species and declined (P less than .05) during the ensiling period. The WSC decline during ensiling was greater (P less than .01) for milk-stage than for dough-stage harvested forage. Water-soluble N increased during ensiling (P less than .01) and increased 100 to 200% by d 64 for all silages. Ammonia N increased during the 64-d ensiling period but never exceeded .2% of DM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anim. Sci., Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1225.
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Bergen
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Byrem
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D002523:Edible Grain; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling; D001467:Hordeum; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D012820:Silage; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D009584:Nitrogen