title: Inhibition of alveolar macrophages by pentoxifylline.
abstract: METHODS
  Pentoxifylline can inhibit blood leukocyte functions in vitro, and some inflammatory processes in the lung in vivo. Therefore, we examined the effects of pentoxifylline on alveolar macrophage functions in vitro. Alveolar macrophages were harvested from normal rat lungs by airway lavage. The dose-response relationship of varying concentrations of pentoxifylline and in vitro cell functions were examined. Macrophage functions studied included adherence to nylon wool, random (unstimulated) and zymosan-activated serum-stimulated migration through 5 microns millipore filters, and superoxide generation induced by zymosan-activated serum as assayed by cytochrome c reduction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pentoxifylline inhibited superoxide generation and stimulated migration (but not random migration or adherence) in a dose-dependent fashion. Statistically significant inhibition was demonstrated at 0.5 mM and 5.0 mM concentrations of pentoxifylline, respectively, for stimulated migration and superoxide generation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pentoxifylline can inhibit some alveolar macrophage functions in vitro. These effects may inhibit some forms of inflammatory lung injury, particularly when iv infusion of high doses of pentoxifylline are utilized. However, potentially adverse effects on inflammatory defense mechanisms must be considered as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heshmati
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamadon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guerra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides; D010431:Pentoxifylline