title: Minerals leached into drinking water from rubber stoppers.
abstract: Drinking water and its delivery system are potential sources of variation in animal research. Concern arose that rubber stoppers used to cork water bottles might be a source of some nutritionally required minerals which could leach into drinking water. Six types of stoppers, each having different compositions, were cleaned with stainless-steel sipper tubes inserted into them and attached to polypropylene bottles filled with either deionized water (pH 4.5) or acidified-deionized water (pH 2.5). After six days of contact, water levels of copper, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, chromium, and selenium were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Additionally, three of the stopper types were analyzed for mineral content. Minerals were present in both stoppers and drinking water. Acidified-deionized water generally leached minerals from the stoppers than did deionized water. The black stopper which is commonly used in animal facilities contained and leached measurable levels of some minerals, but it still can be recommended for typical animal husbandry uses, although other types of stoppers would be more suitable for specific nutritional and toxicologic studies.
authors.affiliation: Carbohydrate Nutrition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, MD 20705.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Beal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004326:Drinking; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008903:Minerals / Q000009:adverse effects; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D051381:Rats; D012408:Rubber / Q000009:adverse effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012408:Rubber