title: Differentiation of PC12 cells with K-ras: comparison with nerve growth factor.
abstract: The cell line PC12, derived from a rat pheochromocytoma, has served as a model for studies on the mechanism of action of nerve growth factor, as well as for the exploration of neuronal differentiation in general. When treated with nanomolar concentrations of nerve growth factor, these neoplastic chromaffin-like cells stop dividing and acquire, for all intents and purposes, the phenotype of mature sympathetic neurons. This phenotype is characterized by the extensive outgrowth of electrically excitable neurites, the ability to form functional synapses, and the acquisition of a number of biochemical markers. Treatment of PC12 cells with retroviral vectors encoding the K-ras, the N-ras, or the v-src oncogenes also produces a marked morphological differentiation very similar to that seen upon treatment with nerve growth factor. Treated cells stop dividing and develop an extensive network of neurites. It has recently been shown that PC12 cells differentiated with v-src, while resembling, morphologically, those treated with nerve growth factor, differ substantially in the biochemical characteristics normally associated with nerve growth factor-induced differentiation. Cells infected with K-ras also develop a neurite network similar to that seen after treatment with nerve growth factor. In addition, such cells develop tetanus toxin-binding sites and saxitoxin-binding sites, as do cells treated with nerve growth factor. Decreases in the binding of epidermal growth factor and in the activity of calpain also occur and these, as well, are characteristic of nerve growth factor-treated cells. But the adhesive properties of cells infected with K-ras are different than those of nerve growth factor-treated cells, and the former do not show an increase in the NILE glycoprotein. Finally, K-252a, an inhibitor of the actions of nerve growth factor on PC12 cells, has no effect on the neurite outgrowth produced by infection with K-ras. Thus, many of the key markers of nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of PC12 cells also appear upon differentiation with K-ras, but there are, nevertheless, some crucial differences in the properties of these two sets of cells.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dickens
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doll
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tocco
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Rudkin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brightman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guroff
mesh_terms: D029845:Amphibian Proteins; D000818:Animals; D002154:Calpain / Q000378:metabolism; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D011905:Genes, ras; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D039842:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D009053:Sarcoma Viruses, Murine; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013744:Tetanus Toxin / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D029845:Amphibian Proteins; D002227:Carbazoles; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D039842:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1; D015222:Sodium Channels; D013744:Tetanus Toxin; C027525:saxitoxin-binding protein, Rana catesbeiana; C049985:staurosporine aglycone; D012964:Sodium; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D002154:Calpain