title: Phlebotomine sand flies as vectors of vesiculoviruses: a review.
abstract: Phlebotomine sand flies appear to be involved in the epizootiology of 10 of the 16 currently recognized vesiculoviruses. Evidence in support of this includes isolation of viruses from wild-caught male and female sand flies; demonstration of oral infection, replication, and bite transmission of viruses by sand flies; the temporal and/or spatial association between infected sand flies and infected vertebrates; and demonstration of transovarial virus transmission. The present review summarizes the known sand fly-vesiculovirus relationships.
authors.affiliation: Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Comer
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Tesh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000382:microbiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000382:microbiology; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D012209:Rhabdoviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary