title: The relationship between elastomer opacity, colorimeter beam size, and measured colorimetric response.
abstract: The effect of opacity on the colorimetric responses of large-area and small-area colorimeters was determined using an elastomer intended for maxillofacial prosthetics use and containing various pigments at different concentrations. Opacity was determined by calculating the contrast ratio of 2-mm-thick specimens against black and white backings, using Kubelka-Munk analyses to correct for thickness and backing color variations. The measure of comparison of the two colorimeters was the relative difference in tristimulus reflectance, with the tristimulus reflectance of the large-area colorimeter as the basis of the relative difference. A significant quadratic relationship was found between contrast ratio and the relative difference in tristimulus reflectance. This relationship may be used to describe opacity without the need to make optical observations or measurements of a thin layer of material on contrasting backings. The small-area colorimeter produced color parameters that are a measure of the combined effects of both color and opacity. The importance of beam size considerations of optical measuring devices for translucent natural and prosthetic materials was emphasized.
authors.affiliation: US Air Force, Seymour-Johnson AFB, North Carolina.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Rugh
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Hesse
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D008447:Maxillofacial Prosthesis; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D012828:Silicones