title: A practical approach to evaluating urinary tract infection in children.
abstract: All children with urinary tract infections should be investigated by either excretory urography or abdominal X-ray, ultrasonography and technetium 99m - dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy. Patients in the following categories should also have micturating (voiding) cystourethrography to diagnose or exclude vesico-ureteral reflux: infants aged less than 1 year, children with recurrent (second or subsequent) infections, children with clinically diagnosed acute pyelonephritis and those with a family history of reflux or chronic pyelonephritis. Cystography can safely be omitted in children over 1 year of age with unscarred kidneys and none of the additional risk factors listed. They should be followed for 1-2 years following the first infection for evidence of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, United Medical School, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Haycock
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D004113:Succimer; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014567:Urography; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid; D004113:Succimer