title: Gastrointestinal receptors and drugs in motility disorders.
abstract: The review describes gastrointestinal receptors which are of therapeutic interest for the treatment of motility disorders. It updates the present knowledge on muscarinic, adrenergic, dopamine, opioid and dihydropyridine receptors, their subtypes, cellular sites and functional role as drug targets. On the basis of this pharmacological receptor concept, drugs like bethanechol, clonidine, lidamidine, metoclopramide, domperidone, cisapride, loperamide and nifedipine are evaluated in proven and potential indications. In view of the very complex regulation of motility, our understanding of receptors is still fragmentary and our tools to treat motility disorders do not fulfil all therapeutic requirements. This review tries to point out the areas of particular need for further basic research and the prospects of further drug development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Development, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Bayer AG Wuppertal, FRG.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ruoff
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fladung
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Demol
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Weihrauch
mesh_terms: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000294:innervation; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D009294:Narcotics; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D013566:Sympathomimetics