title: Effect of acute and subchronic nicotine treatment on cortical efflux of [3H]-D-aspartate and endogenous GABA in freely moving guinea-pigs.
abstract: 1. The [3H]-D-aspartate preloading of the parietal cortex of freely moving guinea-pigs equipped with epidural cups makes it possible to investigate drug effects on the efflux of this radiolabel, assumed as a marker of the glutamatergic structures underlying the cup. In the same model, the efflux of [3H]-gamma-aminobutyric acid ([3H]-GABA) and endogenous GABA can be measured. 2. Nicotine, 0.9-3.6 mg kg-1, s.c., or 3-5 micrograms, i.c.v., increased the efflux of [3H]-D-aspartate but reduced that of GABA. 3. These effects were mediated through mecamylamine-sensitive receptors but the ganglionic blocking agent was devoid of any primary activity. 4. The inhibition of GABA efflux induced by nicotine 3.6 mg kg-1, s.c., was abolished by methysergide 2 mg kg-1, i.p. and was reduced by naloxone 3 mg kg-1, i.p. pretreatment, suggesting the involvement of tryptaminergic and opioid systems. In contrast, muscarinic and catecholamine antagonists were ineffective. 5. Chronic treatment with nicotine (3.6 mg kg-1, twice daily for 16 days) reduced the facilitatory effect of [3H]-D-aspartate and abolished the inhibition of endogenous GABA efflux. 6. A slight increase in the number of nicotinic binding sites (by use of [3H]-nicotine as ligand) was found in the neocortex of chronically treated guinea-pigs. 7. The higher degree of tolerance to chronic nicotine treatment shown by GABA as compared with [3H]-D-aspartate efflux suggests that adaptative changes of the inhibitory neuronal pools prevail. This may contribute to the reinforcing and addictive properties of nicotine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanganelli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spalluto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nordberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bianchi
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008464:Mecamylamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008784:Methysergide / Q000494:pharmacology; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D009270:Naloxone; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D008464:Mecamylamine; D009538:Nicotine; D000109:Acetylcholine; D008784:Methysergide