title: Cocarcinogenesis between cadmium and Aroclor 1254 in planarians is enhanced by inhibition of glutathione synthesis.
abstract: Asexual Dugesia dorotocephala planaria continuously exposed to 50 micrograms/beaker of Aroclor 1254 (A1254) and cadmium (Cd) developed tumors after 11 days of continuous exposure to 0.65 or 1.3 mg/liter Cd and after 23 days to 0.13 mg/liter Cd. The tumor rate at 14 days averaged 53% for the survivors in both 0.65 and 1.3 mg/liter Cd + A1254 and 40% at 0.13 mg/liter Cd + A1254. Other groups were either preexposed or coexposed to L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of glutathione synthesis. In the presence of A1254 (50 micrograms/beaker), animals continuously exposed to BSO and 0.13 mg/liter Cd first developed tumors at 18 days, with a tumor yield equal to 41% of the survivors. Tumors developed by 6 days at 0.65 mg/liter Cd, with a yield equal to 75% of survivors. At 1.3 mg/liter Cd, BSO did not change the rate or frequency of planarian tumor production. Continuous BSO always produced high mortality over 20 days. In contrast, a 24-h preexposure to BSO caused little mortality. In these groups, tumor yields increased with cadmium concentration (0.13, 0.25, 0.65 mg/liter), and the large cocarcinogenic effect of A1254 was clearly evident. No tumors developed in animals exposed only to 50 micrograms/beaker of Aroclor 1254 or continuously only to 1 mM BSO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schaeffer
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Tehseen
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001140:Aroclors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020111:Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine); D003043:Cocarcinogenesis; D005978:Glutathione / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010932:Planarians; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D001140:Aroclors; D002104:Cadmium; D020111:Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine); D005978:Glutathione