title: Liver cancer in Thailand. I. A case-control study of cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: Potential risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma were investigated in a case-control study among inhabitants of north-east Thailand, which included 103 cases from 3 hospitals, with age- and sex-matched controls. A clear association with past or present infection with Opisthorchis viverrini, as indicated by raised serum antibodies, was found (o.r. 5.0), and at least two-thirds of cases can be attributed to this cause. The results suggest that males may be at higher risk than females. There was no association with hepatitis B infection, with aflatoxin intake as estimated from albumin adducts in serum or with any particular dietary patterns. Alcohol consumption was very low in the population, and the risk associated with regular drinking was non-significant. Regular users of betel nut-predominantly female-had a high risk (o.r. 6.4), a possible mechanism being through their increased exposure to nitrosamines.
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Parkin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srivatanakul
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khlat
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chenvidhya
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chotiwan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Insiripong
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: L'Abbé
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Wild
mesh_terms: D002759:Adenoma, Bile Duct / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003710:Demography; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens