title: Direct virus inactivation of tachyplesin I and its isopeptides from horseshoe crab hemocytes.
abstract: Direct virus inactivation of tachyplesin I and related isopeptides, which are antimicrobial peptides isolated from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus and Limulus polyphemus), was examined against several viruses. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was inactivated by incubation with tachyplesin I and its isopeptides. Influenza A (H1N1) virus was slightly inactivated by tachyplesin I, whereas herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, adenovirus 1, reovirus 2 and poliovirus 1 were resistant to inactivation. The inactivation of VSV by tachyplesin I depended on the concentration, the time and the temperature of incubation. Pretreatment of tachyplesin I with trypsin or lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria entirely abolished the antiviral activity. Electron microscopy of VSV treated with tachyplesin I showed naked and damaged virions. These data suggest that tachyplesin I directly inactivates the VSV by destroying its envelope subunits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D006737:Horseshoe Crabs; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000187:drug effects; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C057636:tachyplesin peptide, Tachypleus tridentatus