In vitro activity and stability against novel beta-lactamases of investigational beta-lactams (cefepime, cefpirome, flomoxef, SCE2787 and piperacillin plus tazobactam) in comparison with established compounds (cefotaxime, latamoxef and piperacillin).
The therapeutic perspectives of flomoxef, SCE 2787, cefpirome, cefepime, latamoxef, cefotaxime and of piperacillin plus tazobactam were comparatively evaluated by their in vitro activity against 1119 clinical isolates of 83 bacterial species. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. Enterobacter sakazakii, Proteus spp. and Shigella spp. were about equally susceptible to the cephalosporins (MIC90: 0.06 to 0.5 mg/l), while the MIC90 for piperacillin plus tazobactam was between 2 and 16 mg/l. Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes and Serratia spp. were most susceptible to SCE 2787, cefpirome and cefepime (MIC90: 0.06 to 2 mg/l) followed by latamoxef, cefotaxime, flomoxef and piperacillin plus tazobactam. For Citrobacter spp., Providencia spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica MIC90 were between 0.06 and 0.5 mg/l. Flomoxef was between 2 to 4 log2 less active against these species but more active than piperacillin plus tazobactam (MIC90: 2 and 8 mg/l). Morganella morganii and Hafnia alvei were most susceptible to cefepime, cefpirome and latamoxef (MIC90: 0.13 to 0.5 mg/l) while cefotaxime (MIC90: 8 mg/l) and piperacillin plus tazobactam (MIC90: 8 and greater than 64 mg/l) were the least active compounds. SCE 2787, cefepime and cefpirome were the most potent beta-lactams against the majority of the 13 species of non-fermentative bacilli (NFB) investigated (MIC90: 0.5 to 16 mg/l). The oxacephems were the least active compounds against NFB. Cefepime was the most active of the compounds included against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC90: 16 mg/l). Haemophilus spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Bordetella pertussis were most susceptible to cefotaxime (MIC90: 0.03 to 0.06 mg/l). Latamoxef had the lowest activity of all compounds against gram-positive cocci. Flomoxef was the most active compound against penicillinase producing Staphylococcus aureus and about equally active as the other betalactams against methicillin susceptible staphylococci of other staphylococcal species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bauernfeind
A
A
Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, München, Germany.
Schweighart
S
S
Eberlein
E
E
Jungwirth
R
R
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004355:Drug Stability; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009070:Moxalactam / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010397:Penicillanic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010878:Piperacillin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000078142:Tazobactam; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000097572:Cefpirome; D000097586:Cefozopran
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002439:Cefotaxime; D002511:Cephalosporins; D009070:Moxalactam; D010397:Penicillanic Acid; D010878:Piperacillin; D000078142:Tazobactam; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D000097572:Cefpirome; D000097586:Cefozopran; C045693:flomoxef