title: Consensus sequence for precursor processing at mono-arginyl sites. Evidence for the involvement of a Kex2-like endoprotease in precursor cleavages at both dibasic and mono-arginyl sites.
abstract: Many peptide hormones and neuropeptides are produced from larger, inactive precursors through endoproteolysis at sites usually marked by paired basic residues (primarily Lys-Arg and Arg-Arg), or occasionally by a monobasic residue (primarily Arg). Based upon data concerning processing of prorenin and its mutants around the native Lys-Arg cleavage site expressed in mouse pituitary AtT-20 cells, we present the following sequence rules that govern mono-arginyl cleavages: (a) a basic residue at the fourth (position -4) or the sixth (position -6) residue upstream of the cleavage site is required, (b) at position -4, Arg is more favorable than Lys, and (c) at position 1, a hydrophobic aliphatic residue is not suitable. These rules are compatible with those proposed by comparison of precursor sequences around mono-arginyl cleavage sites. We also provide evidence that precursor cleavages at mono-arginyl and dibasic sites can be catalyzed by the same Kex2-like processing endoprotease, PC1/PC3.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagahama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatsuzawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondoh-Hashiba
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010957:Plasmids; D043484:Proprotein Convertases; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013381:Subtilisins; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D001120:Arginine; D043484:Proprotein Convertases; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D013381:Subtilisins; C058751:KEX2 protein, S cerevisiae