title: Effects of increasing crude protein level on nitrogen retention and intestinal supply of amino acids in lambs fed diets based on alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw.
abstract: The effects of increasing dietary CP level on N retention (Exp. 1) and intestinal supply of amino acids (AA; Exp. 2) were studied in lambs fed diets based on alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw (AHPWS). Soybean meal (SBM) was substituted for corn to increase CP level in both experiments. In Exp. 1, an incomplete design for the two-way elimination of error was used to allot 24 ram lambs (mean BW = 25 kg) within breed to six CP levels (6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16% of DM). Neutral detergent fiber digestibility and N retention increased quadratically (P = .06 and P less than .01, respectively) with increasing CP level. Nitrogen retention, expressed as a percentage of N intake, was greatest for lambs fed 12% CP (20.7%) but was greatest for lambs fed 14% CP when expressed as grams per day (4.0 g/d). In Exp. 2, five multicannulated St. Croix lambs (34 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. Treatments were 8.5, 11, 13.5, 16, and 18.5% dietary CP. Chromic oxide was used as a digesta flow marker and purines were used as a bacterial marker. Protein level had no effect on extent of dietary CP degradation in the rumen (69 +/- 3.2%). True ruminal OM digestibility increased (P less than .01) linearly and ruminal fluid NH3 N concentration increased (P less than .01) quadratically with increasing CP level. Total, bacterial, and nonbacterial N and AA flows to the duodenum increased (P less than .05) linearly with increasing CP level. Duodenal AA profile (g/100 g total AA) was altered slightly. The essential AA valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine, and arginine increased (P less than .05) and methionine decreased (P less than .05) in proportion to other AA with increasing CP level. Flows of all essential AA increased with increasing CP level. Apparent small intestinal N and AA disappearance increased linearly (P less than .05) and apparent total tract N digestibility increased (P less than .01) quadratically with increasing CP level. These data are interpreted to indicate that maximal N retention and fiber digestibility in diets based on AHPWS are obtained at 12% CP, even though the intestinal supply of AA continues to increase with increasing CP level. Supplementation of diets based on AHPWS with an extensively degraded protein source (SBM) does not substantially alter the profile of AA entering the duodenum compared to the AA profile of bacterial protein.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anim. Sci., University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Willms
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Merchen
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fahey
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Fernando
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005511:Food Handling; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D009584:Nitrogen