title: Intraoperative sonography of hepatocellular carcinoma: detection of lesions and validity in surgical resection.
abstract: Eighty-six hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in 67 patients were examined by intraoperative sonography. Sensitivity for detecting tumors with intraoperative sonography was compared with sonography, computed tomography (CT), hepatic angiography, and CT after intraarterial injection of iodized poppy-seed oil (Lipiodol-CT). The overall sensitivities were 76% with sonography, 86% with CT, 89% with angiography, 96% with Lipiodol-CT, and 98% with intraoperative sonography. The differences in sensitivity between intraoperative sonography and sonography (p less than 0.01), CT (p less than 0.01), and angiography (p less than 0.05) were significant. In 35 lesions smaller than 2 cm, the sensitivities of Lipiodol-CT and intraoperative sonography were high (91 and 94%, respectively). In operating field, tumors were invisible in 36 (42%) and nonpalpable in 31 of 86 cases (36%). In 35 tumors smaller than 2 cm, invisible tumors were 66% and nonpalpable tumors were 63%. However, 84 of 86 cases (98%) could be localized with intraoperative sonography. These results suggest that intraoperative sonography is the final diagnostic imaging procedure before surgical resection of tumors and in cases of invisible and nonpalpable tumors in the operating field, this procedure is mandatory to improve surgical results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography