title: The effect of xanthine/xanthine oxidase generated reactive oxygen species on synaptic transmission.
abstract: The effect of reactive oxygen species generated by the interaction of xanthine and xanthine oxidase on synaptic transmission was examined at the squid giant synapse and the lobster neuromuscular junction. Exposure of these synaptic regions to xanthine/xanthine oxidase produced a significant depression in evoked release, with no change in either resting membrane properties or in the action potential. Addition of catalase to the xanthine/xanthine oxidase-containing media partially blocked the synaptic depression, indicating that H2O2 contributes to the synaptic changes induced by exposure to xanthine/xanthine oxidase. H2O2 applied directly to the perfusing media also produced a decrease in synaptic efficacy. The results demonstrate that reactive oxygen species, in general, depress evoked synaptic transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D049832:Decapodiformes; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D005609:Free Radicals; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008121:Nephropidae; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects*; D019820:Xanthine; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014970:Xanthines / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D006878:Hydroxides; D014970:Xanthines; D013481:Superoxides; D019820:Xanthine; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D010100:Oxygen