title: Expression of proteins encoded by Epstein-Barr virus trans-activator genes depends on the differentiation of epithelial cells in oral hairy leukoplakia.
abstract: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immediate early gene product BZLF1 was localized by indirect immunofluorescence to the cytoplasm of the basal epithelial layer at the lateral border and dorsum of tongue in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -seronegative patients. Two biopsies of oral hairy leukoplakia revealed a sporadic cytoplasmic staining of the BHRF1 and BRLF1 gene products in the basal epithelial layer. The widespread presence of BZLF1 in the basal epithelial layer indicated that this cell layer contained EBV DNA and was probably directly infected by EBV. Nuclear localization of the immediate early and early gene products BZLF1, BHRF1, BRLF1, and BMLF1 was limited to oral hairy leukoplakia in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients and revealed a codistribution with the virus capsid antigen. Our results indicate that the epithelium of the tongue is a potential reservoir for EBV and that in heavily immunocompromised patients EBV may move from the cytoplasm to the nucleus with increasing differentiation and be coactivated there during the terminal differentiation of epithelial cells at the lateral border and dorsum of tongue.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für zahnärztliche Chirurgie/Oralchirurgie Freie Universität, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Leser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marschall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Langford
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jilg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gelderblom
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reichart
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000382:microbiology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C063676:BZLF1 protein, Herpesvirus 4, Human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014764:Viral Proteins; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins