title: N-(5,5-diacetoxypentyl)doxorubicin: a novel anthracycline producing DNA interstrand cross-linking and rapid endonucleolytic cleavage in human leukemia cells.
abstract: The cytotoxic and DNA-damaging effects of a novel alkylating anthracycline, N-(5,5-diacetoxypentyl)doxorubicin, were quantified in HL-60 human leukemia cells and in an intercalator-resistant daughter line, HL-60/AMSA. The new drug was cytotoxic to both lines at doses as low as 50 nM for 1 h. N-(5,5-Diacetoxypentyl)doxorubicin produced DNA interstrand cross-linking in both lines. The cross-linking appeared to increase in both lines following drug treatment, but the increase was greater in the resistant line. This appeared to be due to an underestimation of cross-linking, particularly in sensitive HL-60, secondary to time-dependent DNA fragmentation that followed drug removal. This time-dependent DNA fragmentation was probably endonucleolytic cleavage (a feature of apoptosis) as characteristic nucleosomal ladders were produced by N-(5,5-diacetoxypentyl)doxorubicin treatment in a cotemporal time-dependent fashion. This novel anthracycline is the first of a family of alkylating anthracyclines designed to be water soluble, easy to formulate, and capable of producing DNA interstrand cross-linking. Because this last characteristic has previously been associated with doxorubicin analogues of great potency and low toxicity, these newer, more readily formulated drugs may have great clinical utility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Zwelling
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altschuler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cherif
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farquhar
mesh_terms: D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007364:Intercalating Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D007364:Intercalating Agents; C071972:N-(5,5-diacetoxypentyl)doxorubicin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II