title: Vimentin is transiently co-localized with and phosphorylated by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase in formyl-peptide-stimulated neutrophils.
abstract: The effects of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (G-kinase), a major cellular receptor of cGMP, were investigated in activated human neutrophils. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that G-kinase translocated from a diffuse localization in the cytoplasm to the cytoskeleton and nucleus after stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), and transiently co-localized with the intermediate filament protein, vimentin. During this time period, the most remarkable co-localization of G-kinase and vimentin was observed between 1-2.5 min stimulation with fMLP. At that time co-localization of G-kinase and vimentin was predominantly confined to filaments which extended from regions adjacent to the nucleus into the uropod. Distinctive localization for only G-kinase was observed at the microtubule organizing center and euchromatin of the nucleus. The filamentous staining pattern for G-kinase and vimentin was enhanced in the presence of 8-Br-cGMP. Coincident with co-localization of G-kinase and vimentin in adherent neutrophils was a transient increase in cGMP levels and an increase in the phosphorylation of vimentin in fMLP-stimulated cells. The increase in cGMP levels was dependent upon cell adherence, was enhanced by preincubating neutrophils with L-arginine (the precursor for nitric oxide synthesis), and attenuated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Phosphorylation of vimentin in the fMLP-stimulated neutrophil was observed in the presence or absence of exogenous cGMP, although in the presence of low concentrations of 8-Br-cGMP a more rapid phosphorylation of vimentin was observed that correlated with the enhanced co-localization of G-kinase and vimentin. Phosphorylation of vimentin was not observed in non-activated cells treated with 8-Br-cGMP, suggesting that phosphorylation only occurs when G-kinase is co-localized with vimentin. The presence of the protein kinase C inhibitors, staurosporine or H-7, did not inhibit vimentin phosphorylation during fMLP stimulation, while 8-Br-cGMP enhanced phosphorylation in fMLP-treated cells. This suggests that neither protein kinase C nor cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalyze the phosphorylation of vimentin in neutrophils activated by fMLP. These results indicate that vimentin and G-kinase are co-localized in neutrophils and that vimentin is phosphorylated by G-kinase in response to the co-localization of the two proteins. A model for the targeting of G-kinase and vimentin is presented which hypothesizes that the transient redistribution of G-kinase may regulate neutrophil activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lincoln
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Pryzwansky
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014746:Vimentin; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D011494:Protein Kinases; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D002118:Calcium