title: A 55-kilodalton accessory factor facilitates vitamin D receptor DNA binding.
abstract: The interaction of the vitamin D receptor with a vitamin D-responsive element (VDRE) derived from the human osteocalcin promoter in vitro has been shown to require a nuclear accessory factor (NAF) derived from monkey kidney cells. In this report we show that this factor is widely distributed in cells and tissues, including those that do not express the vitamin D receptor (VDR). NAF is required for VDR binding to a variety of known VDREs. VDR and NAF independently bind the VDRE weakly, as assessed by elution profiles generated during VDRE affinity chromatography. Together, however, both proteins coelute from this column with a profile that indicates a tighter strength of interaction. Analogous chromatography of the VDR derived from ROS 17/2.8 cells treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in culture also reveals a dual profile of weak and strong binding, suggesting that in vivo modifications are unlikely to alter receptor DNA binding. NAF is a protein of 55 kDa, as assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and cross-linking experiments suggest that the VDR and NAF together form a heterodimer on a single VDRE with a mol wt of 103 kDa. These data demonstrate that NAF is required for VDR binding to specific DNA in vitro and suggest the possibility that NAF may be required for the transactivation capability of the VDR in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozono
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pike
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C072701:nuclear accessory protein, monkey; D015675:Osteocalcin; D002117:Calcitriol