title: Evaluation of dairy food processing wash water solids as a protein source: I. Forage intake, animal performance, ruminal fermentation, and site of digestion in heifers fed medium-quality hay.
abstract: Twelve ruminally, duodenally, and ileally cannulated (average initial BW 313 +/- 20 kg) and 27 intact Hereford heifers (average initial BW 256 +/- 17 kg) were used in two experiments to evaluate dairy food wash water solids (WWS) as a protein source in medium-quality hay diets. Heifers received a basal diet of orchardgrass hay (7.4% CP) and were assigned to one of three supplement treatments: control (C; .9% CP), WWS (18.8% CP)-, and soybean meal (SBM; 19.1% CP)-based supplements (fed at 1.5 kg of DM/d). Supplements were formulated to have similar ME concentrations. Ruminal ammonia concentrations were greater (P less than .10) for WWS- and SBM-supplemented heifers than for C heifers at most sampling times. Moreover, WWS and SBM increased (P less than .10) total VFA (mM) and acetate (mol/100 mol) and lowered propionate (mol/100 mol) at several sampling times. Ruminal fluid volume (liters) was unchanged (P greater than .10) by treatment; however, fluid dilution and flow rate (liters/h) were less (P less than .10) in C heifers than in heifers fed SBM or WWS supplements. Wash water solids and SBM supplementation increased (P less than .10) OM, NDF, and ADF digestibilities compared with C heifers. Feeding WWS and SBM supplements increased BW at 84 d (P less than .10) compared with C-supplemented heifers. Forage intake at 54 and 84 d by heifers supplemented with SBM or WWS was greater (P less than .10) than by C heifers. Control-supplemented heifers had the least, WWS intermediate, and SBM the greatest ADG at 84 d (P less than .10; .14 vs .35 vs .48 kg/d, respectively). These data indicate that WWS may be used as a protein source without serious adverse effects in heifers consuming medium-quality hay for 84 d.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri, Columbia 65211.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Caton
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Beaver
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Belyea
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D003611:Dairy Products; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D004435:Eating; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D000641:Ammonia