title: The effect of flaxseed supplementation on early risk markers for mammary carcinogenesis.
abstract: Since lignans have been suggested to have some cancer-protective effects, flaxseed, the most abundant source of lignan precursors, was tested for its effect on early markers of risk for mammary carcinogenesis. Supplementation of a high-fat diet with flaxseed flour (FF) or defatted flaxseed meal (FM) (5% or 10%) reduced the epithelial cell proliferation by 38.8-55.4% and nuclear aberrations by 58.8-65.9% in female rat mammary gland, with optimum effects seen with the 5% FF. These protective effects were accompanied by increases in urinary lignan excretion indicating that they may be related to the ability of flaxseed to provide lignan precursors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serraino
authors.forename: L U
authors.initials: LU
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D017705:Lignans; D008031:Lignin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017705:Lignans; D008031:Lignin