title: Liposomal amphotericin B in drug-resistant visceral leishmaniasis.
abstract: The treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) may be complicated by drug toxicity or intolerance, and by drug resistance. Amphotericin B (AmB) is effective, but its use is limited by toxicity: renal impairment, anaemia, fever, malaise, and hypokalaemia are common. Liposomes have been proposed as an effective way to target drugs at macrophages, which are the cells infected in visceral leishmaniasis. In animals AmB incorporated into liposomes is highly effective against experimental leishmaniasis, with low toxicity. This report is of the successful treatment of a patient with multiply drug-resistant visceral leishmaniasis with a commercially prepared formulation of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) ('AmBisome', Vestar, San Dimas, California, USA). We also report, for comparison, a patient treated with conventional AmB, and preliminary studies in mice comparing the two agents.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, UK.
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Croft
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maini
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Moody
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Bryceson
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000187:drug effects*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; C068538:liposomal amphotericin B; D000666:Amphotericin B