title: Localized superoxide release by neutrophils can be provoked by a cytosolic calcium 'cloud'.
abstract: We have used single-cell ratio imaging of Fura-2 loaded neutrophils to visualize release of cytosolic Ca2+ from an intracellular store in order to determine the location of this store and the relationship of release from it to oxidase activation. In the presence of extracellular Ca2+, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) produced an increase in free Ca2+ throughout the cytosol. In its absence, however, stimulation induced in 38% of neutrophils a highly localized increase in cytosolic free Ca2+, located between the nuclear lobes and the plasma membrane, at a region of cytosol which stained positively with 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide [DiOC6(3)]. Calcium release from the store was transient, without oscillation and occurred after delays of up to 120 seconds. Addition of Ca2+ ionophore also released Ca2+ from this, and other stores, within the cell, up to three foci being detected in some cells. Localized oxidase activation occurred at the plasma membrane when the calcium concentration ([Ca2+]) of the 'cloud' exceeded 250 nM. Surprisingly, localized activation occurred at the plasma membrane at a site separate from but near to a region of high Ca2+. It was concluded that release of Ca2+ from a single receptor-releasable, Ca2+ store in neutrophils was insufficient to trigger oxidase activation throughout the cell, but could provide a localized activation of the oxidase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, U.K.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hallett
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism*; D016257:Fura-2; D006801:Humans; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000097:blood; D013481:Superoxides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides; D015759:Ionomycin; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2