title: Assessment of the reproductive system of the female ruminant.
abstract: In summary, a thorough physical examination of the reproductive tract includes a complete history, general physical examination, and evaluation of the external and internal genitalia. Ancillary tests that can be applied to this system include uterine culture, biopsy, cytology, and lavage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Animal and Equine Medicine, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ketner
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Van Camp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000662:veterinary; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000662:veterinary*; D012007:Rectum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012418:Ruminants / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014463:Ultrasonography