title: Anomalous biochemical responses in tests of the delayed neuropathic potential of methamidophos (O,S-dimethyl phosphorothioamidate), its resolved isomers and of some higher O-alkyl homologues.
abstract: The interaction with neural neuropathy target esterase (NTE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vivo of methamidophos (O,S-dimethyl phosphorothioamidate), its resolved stereoisomers and five higher O-alkyl homologues has been examined along with the ability of these compounds to cause organophosphorus-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP) in adult hens. For the lower homologues AChE was more sensitive than NTE and it was impossible to achieve high inhibition of NTE in vivo without both prophylaxis and therapy against acute anticholinesterase effects; for the n-hexyl homologue high inhibition of NTE could be achieved without obvious anticholinesterase effects and spontaneous reactivation of inhibited AChE was seen as in vitro. The maximum tolerated dose of L(-) methamidophos or of the ethyl or iso-propyl homologues did not inhibit NTE more than 60%, and surviving birds did not develop OPIDP. The n-propyl, n-butyl and n-hexyl compounds caused typical OPIDP at doses causing a peak of 70-95% inhibition of NTE in brain, spinal cord and sciatic nerve soon after dosing. Racemic methamidophos caused unusually mild OPIDP associated with very high inhibition of NTE at doses estimated to be greater than 8 times the unprotected LD50 and the D-(+) isomer caused OPIDP at about 5-7 x LD50. Clinical effects correlated with histopathology in 19 out of 20 examined birds. In contrast to results of many previous studies with organophosphates and phosphonates, all these cases of OPIDP were associated with formation of inhibited NTE which could be reactivated ex vivo by treatment of autopsy tissue with KF solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: MRC Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Carshalton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vilanova
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Read
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002645:Chickens; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; C014655:methamidophos; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C021859:neurotoxic esterase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase