Expression of the immediate early gene c-fos in basal ganglia: induction by dopaminergic drugs.
Expression of the immediate early gene c-fos is increased in mammalian neurons by a number of stimuli and the usefulness of this gene as a marker of neuronal activation has been demonstrated in several systems. Directly-acting dopamine agonists of the D1-type (SKF 38393, CY 208-243) and indirectly-acting dopamine agonists (amphetamine, cocaine) all produce a rapid and transient increase in Fos protein levels in varying patterns in striatum and cerebral cortex. Directly-acting dopamine agonists only produce c-fos activation in denervated (supersensitive) striatum whereas cocaine and amphetamine activate c-fos in striatum in naive animals. Remarkably, D2 selective antagonists such as haloperidol, albeit in high doses, also activate c-fos expression. Activation of c-fos and other immediate early genes may play a part in the development of such long-term dopamine-related effects as dyskinetic movements and addiction.
Robertson
H A
HA
Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Paul
M L
ML
Moratalla
R
R
Graybiel
A M
AM
D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000187:drug effects*; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016762:Genes, fos / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
D015259:Dopamine Agents; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists