Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in Alzheimer's disease.
In this study, 13 clinically and pathologically diagnosed cases of Alzheimer's disease were analyzed for the presence of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), ICAM-2, lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), HLA-DR, LN-1, and LN-2. ICAM-1 was observed primarily on neuritic plaques and cerebrovascular endothelium. ICAM-1 was also shown to be present in brain tissue derived from 14 normal cases; however, the degree of immunoreactivity was quantitatively less compared to Alzheimer cases and was largely restricted to cerebrovascular endothelium. LFA-1 was shown to be present on microglial cells and leukocytes. Consistent with the findings of previous reports, HLA-DR was found to be expressed on microglial cells. In this study we failed to demonstrate dual immunolocalization for ICAM-1 and LFA-1, ICAM-1 and HLA-DR, or ICAM-1 and LN-2. As microglial cells express both HLA-DR and LFA-1, they may serve to mediate antigen presentation functions by interacting with lymphocyte ICAM-1. Alternately, the expression of these immune-associated glycoproteins on glial cells may be epiphenomenal occurring secondary to some aspect of the disease process. Finally, the presence of ICAM-1 within neuritic plaques raises the question as to whether adhesion may play some role in the process of neurite outgrowth and neurodegeneration.
Department of Neurology, California College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92717.
E M
EM
Frohman
T C
TC
Frohman
S
S
Gupta
A
A
de Fougerolles
S
S
van den Noort
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000032:analysis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; C065289:ICAM2 protein, human; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1