Allergic reactions to long-term benzathine penicillin prophylaxis for rheumatic fever. International Rheumatic Fever Study Group.
1790 patients from 11 countries were enrolled in a prospective international study to determine the incidence of allergic reactions to monthly intramuscular benzathine penicillin (penicillin G benzathine) injections to prevent recurrences of rheumatic fever. After 32,430 injections during 2736 patient years of observation, 57 of the 1790 patients (3.2%) had an allergic reaction. 4 had anaphylaxis, an incidence of 0.2% (1.2/10,000 injections), all in patients over 12 years of age, and 1 patient died, a fatality incidence of 0.05% (0.31/10,000 injections). These rates are similar to those described for patients without rheumatic fever who receive short-term treatment with parenteral penicillin. Rheumatic fever recurred in 8 of 1790 patients (0.45%) who received benzathine penicillin prophylaxis compared with 11 of 96 (11.5%) who did not comply with treatment. Life-threatening allergic reactions are rare in patients on long-term parenteral benzathine penicillin to prevent recurrences of rheumatic fever; the long-term benefits of such prophylaxis by far outweigh the risk of a serious allergic reaction.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D010401:Penicillin G Benzathine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012213:Rheumatic Fever / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors
D010401:Penicillin G Benzathine