Cardiovascular functions of central noradrenergic neurons in rabbits.
1. The cardiovascular actions of central noradrenergic (NA) neurons was examined using the acute neurotransmitter releasing actions of intracisternal 6-hydroxydopamine in conscious rabbits. 2. The predominant actions of NA pathways in the brain-stem are to inhibit vasomotor and cardiac sympathetic activity and to facilitate cardiac vagal responses. 3. NA projections to the spinal cord tonically inhibit vasoconstrictor tone and form part of a high gain control system for responding to changes in specific afferent information. 4. The forebrain NA projections influence heart rate through modulation of the baroreflex gain of the cardiac vagus. 5. Central antihypertensive drugs such as clonidine and alpha-methyldopa mimic most of the brainstem actions of the central NA neurons. They also utilize the ascending NA pathways influencing the baroreflex vagal gain to minimize the baroreflex effects of reducing mean arterial pressure. 6. Thus, NA neurons influence the circulatory system through actions at all levels of the central nervous system and provide a comprehensive framework for integrating cardiovascular information from multiple inputs. This provides a number of targets for future development of useful pharmacological agents.
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Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.
D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation; D006339:Heart Rate; D006892:Hydroxydopamines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008750:Methyldopa / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology*; D016627:Oxidopamine; D011817:Rabbits; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology
D006892:Hydroxydopamines; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D008750:Methyldopa; D016627:Oxidopamine; D003000:Clonidine; D009638:Norepinephrine