Presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptor function and sleep in man: studies with clonidine and idazoxan.
The effects of an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine and an antagonist, idazoxan, were studied on nocturnal sleep in man. Clonidine increased non-rapid eye movement sleep and idazoxan reduced slow wave sleep and increased awake activity. Changes in the continuity of sleep with clonidine were similar to, and those with idazoxan opposite to, the effects of maprotiline, an inhibitor of the uptake of noradrenaline, used as an active control. These findings support the previous conclusion that raised levels of noradrenaline in the synapse, after inhibition of uptake, lead to increased presynaptic inhibition of release of transmitter in man. However, all three drugs decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and the ratio of REM to nonREM sleep and this is believed to be due to a non-specific upset of the balance of influences which control the appearance of REM sleep.
Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, Farnborough, Hampshire, U.K.
A N
AN
Nicholson
P A
PA
Pascoe
D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D019329:Idazoxan; D008297:Male; D008376:Maprotiline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D004146:Dioxanes; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; D008376:Maprotiline; D003000:Clonidine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D019329:Idazoxan