Failure of chronic hyperinsulinemia to suppress pancreatic glucagon in vivo in the rat.
To determine the effects of chronic hyperinsulinemia on glucagon release, rats were made hyperinsulinemic for 14 days by supplementation of drinking water with sucrose (10%; sucrose-fed) to increase endogenous release or by implantation of osmotic minipumps (subcutaneous, s.c.; or intraperitoneal, i.p.) to deliver exogenous insulin (6 U/day). Both s.c. and i.p. rats also had sucrose in the drinking water to prevent hypoglycemia. Plasma insulin levels were significantly elevated in sucrose-fed, s.c., and i.p. rats. However, glucose levels were significantly elevated in sucrose-fed rats only. Surprisingly, plasma glucagon concentrations were elevated in i.p. and s.c. rats and were not suppressed in sucrose-fed rats. Inverse relationships were found between the plasma levels of insulin and glucose (n = 65; r = -0.42, p less than 0.0001) and between glucose and glucagon (n = 73; r = -0.46, p less than 0.0001). However, unexpectedly, a positive correlation between insulin and glucagon (n = 65; r = 0.47, p less than 0.0001) was established. As suppression of plasma glucagon levels below basal was not observed in any of the hyperinsulinemic or hyperglycemic rats, we wished to establish further whether pancreatic glucagon release could be suppressed below basal levels in the rat by another means. Thus, high doses of somatostatin (50-100 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) were infused for 45 min into normal rats without or with a concomitant hyperinsulinemic, hyperglycemic glucose clamp. Somatostatin fully suppressed insulin, but although plasma glucagon levels were decreased by somatostatin infusion relative to saline-infused animals, there was still no suppression below basal levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Brubaker
P L
PL
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ont., Canada.
Kazumi
T
T
Hirano
T
T
Vranic
M
M
Steiner
G
G
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D013004:Somatostatin; D013395:Sucrose; D005934:Glucagon