[New perspectives on the pathogenesis of rhinitis].
The division of T cells into distinct subsets (Th-1 and Th-2), based upon cytokine production, is a major advance in understanding the immune reactivities particularly those associated with allergy. This report summarizes some of the highlights on pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Th-2 cells, driven by IL-4, play an important role in allergic reactions inducing IgE switching in B cells and proliferation of mastocytes. In addition, by interaction with IL-5, Th-2 lymphocytes promotes eosinophil growth. By contrast, Th-1 cells antagonize Th-2 activity by IFN-gamma production. Finally IL-10, produced by Th-2, blocks the effects of the cytokines elaborated by Th-1. Recent results of this rapidly expanding area of research provide the background for this review. The intricate connections between Th-1, Th-2, the endothelial cells of the nose vessels and stromal cells are discussed.
Istituto Policattedra di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica dell'Università di Torino.
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D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology
D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines
Nuove prospettive nella patogenesi delle riniti.