Taxonomic study of anaerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria from breweries: emended description of Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus and description of Pectinatus frisingensis sp. nov., Selenomonas lacticifex sp. nov., Zymophilus raffinosivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., and Zymophilus paucivorans sp. nov.
A collection of 47 strains of obligately anaerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that were isolated mainly from spoiled beer and pitching yeast was studied to learn more about their taxonomic positions. A new species of the genus Pectinatus, Pectinatus frisingensis, a new species of the genus Selenomonas, Selenomonas lacticifex, and a new genus comprising two species, Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans, are described. All of the strains contained directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid-containing peptidoglycan and in addition the diamine cadaverine or (rarely) putrescine. The diamine was covalently linked to the alpha-carboxyl group of D-glutamic acid in the peptide subunit of peptidoglycan. Lipid F was also found as a characteristic cellular compound. The phylogenetic relationships of members of these new species were examined by reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16S rRNA or by DNA-DNA hybridization studies or both. All of the organisms belong to the subdivision containing species with gram-negative cell walls within the phylum of gram-positive bacteria. This finding is in good agreement with the presence of a peptidoglycan that contains diamine.
Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Federal Republic of Germany.
K H
KH
Schleifer
M
M
Leuteritz
N
N
Weiss
W
W
Ludwig
G
G
Kirchhof
H
H
Seidel-Rüfer
D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D001515:Beer; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005285:Fermentation; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013045:Species Specificity
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S