The effects of astemizole, cetirizine and loratadine on the time course of weal and flare reactions to histamine, codeine and antigen.
An open cross-over study was performed to assess the effects of astemizole, cetirizine and loratadine on weal and flare reactions to intradermal histamine, codeine and house dust mite antigen. Percentage inhibition of weal area, flare area and weal volume was greatest for cetirizine, then astemizole and smallest for loratadine. Wealing due to mast-cell degranulation with either codeine or antigen was less inhibited by all three antihistamines than that due to histamine itself. Time-course studies revealed similarities between wealing provoked by codeine and histamine but different characteristics to that induced by antigen.
University Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, U.K.
F
F
Humphreys
J A
JA
Hunter
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016589:Astemizole / Q000494:pharmacology; D017332:Cetirizine; D003061:Codeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003533:Cyproheptadine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D004391:Dust / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006919:Hydroxyzine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D017336:Loratadine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008925:Mites; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
D000941:Antigens; D004391:Dust; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D003533:Cyproheptadine; D006919:Hydroxyzine; D017336:Loratadine; D016589:Astemizole; D006632:Histamine; D003061:Codeine; D017332:Cetirizine