Safety and immunogenicity of multiple conventional immunizations administered during early HIV infection.
Twenty-one asymptomatic adults who had recently received multiple polysaccharide, live viral, and protein-derived vaccines were identified as being infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The mean subject age was 24 years (range 18-33); 20 of 21 (95%) were male. The mean T4 count was 523/mm3 with a mean T4/T8 ratio of 0.6. Serologic responses to immunization with meningococcus group C, adenovirus types 4 and 7, tetanus, and diphtheria were evaluated for the HIV seropositive subjects and were compared with the responses of similarly vaccinated age-, sex-, and race-matched HIV-seronegative controls. Significantly fewer (p less than 0.03) HIV subjects responded to meningococcus C (bactericidal antibody) and adenovirus 4 (neutralizing antibody) vaccines than did normals; the HIV-infected subjects who did respond produced functional antibody comparable to that of normals. Booster responses of HIV subjects to tetanus and diphtheria were comparable to those of normals. HIV-infected vaccine nonresponders did not differ from HIV-infected responders in total white blood cell, T4, T4/T8, total serum IgG, or delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test reactivity. All HIV subjects had negative cultures for live vaccine viruses (rubella, measles, adenovirus, and poliovirus). Postimmunization, no clinically apparent adverse reactions to vaccination were detected.
Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.
J L
JL
Rhoads
D L
DL
Birx
D C
DC
Wright
J F
JF
Brundage
B L
BL
Brandt
R R
RR
Redfield
D S
DS
Burke
D000328:Adult; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000276:immunology; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000592:standards; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D012882:Skin Tests; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000592:standards
D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015488:HIV Antigens; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines