Microbial degradation of the morphine alkaloids: identification of morphine as an intermediate in the metabolism of morphine by Pseudomonas putida M10.
A strain of Pseudomonas putida was isolated by selective enrichment with morphine that was capable of utilising morphine as a primary source of carbon and energy for growth. Experiments with whole cells showed that both morphine and codeine, but not thebaine, could be utilised. A novel NADP-dependent dehydrogenase, morphine dehydrogenase, was purified from crude cell extracts and was shown to be capable of oxidising morphine and codeine to morphinone and codeinone, respectively. This NADP-dependent morphine dehydrogenase was not observed in any other species of pseudomonads examined and was quite distinct from the beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase found in Pseudomonas testosteroni, which had previously been shown to have activity against morphine.
Bruce
N C
NC
Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK.
Wilmot
C J
CJ
Jordan
K N
KN
Trebilcock
A E
AE
Gray Stephens
L D
LD
Lowe
C R
CR
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D003061:Codeine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009020:Morphine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013797:Thebaine / Q000378:metabolism
C046414:6-codeinone; C036083:morphinone; D013797:Thebaine; D009020:Morphine; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D004091:Hydromorphone; D003061:Codeine