Ventricular cross stimulation using a pacing system analyzer.
Cross stimulation refers to the situation in which a pacing lead positioned in one cardiac chambers results in stimulation of another chamber. We report three cases of ventricular cross stimulation observed at the time of pacing system implantation. The cross stimulation occurred through bipolar atrial and ventricular leads connected in bipolar configuration to a dual chamber pacing systems analyzer. Analysis of events during cross stimulation indicated that the current pathway was occurring within the pacing system analyzer itself, due to low resistance internal connections between the ring electrodes of the atrial and ventricular pacing systems analyzer channels. Cross stimulation within the pacing system analyzer can be eliminated by making the ventricular channel unipolar. Awareness of the phenomenon reported here should assist in the avoidance of the mistaken diagnosis of pacing lead migration and malposition during pacing system implant procedures.
Division of Cardiology, San Francisco General Hospital, CA 94110.
N
N
Goldschlager
R
R
Francoz
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial