Eleven tungsten atom cluster labels: high-resolution, site-specific probes for electron microscopy.
Two derivatives of a tungstate cluster containing 11 tungsten atoms (W11PO39SiR4-) have been synthesized which enable them to be covalently attached to biomolecules at specific sites. The tungstate cluster is 1.0 nm in diameter, electron dense, and visible in the electron microscope. One derivative is a W11-sulfonyl chloride, reactive with amines and sulfhydryls. The second compound is a W11-thiosulfonate which can be used to label sulfhydryl groups. These new labels are beam resistant and provide significantly higher resolution then most other electron microscopy (EM) markers. Labeling of the protein albumin is described as an example.
Hainfeld
J F
JF
Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.
Foley
C J
CJ
Maelia
L E
LE
Lipka
J J
JJ
D002412:Cations; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013441:Sulfinic Acids; D013775:Tetraphenylborate; D013886:Thiosulfonic Acids; D014414:Tungsten / Q000737:chemistry; D017973:Tungsten Compounds
D002412:Cations; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013441:Sulfinic Acids; D013886:Thiosulfonic Acids; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; C066585:triethylammonium cation; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D013775:Tetraphenylborate; C044255:sulfonyl chloride; C045951:tungstate; D014414:Tungsten