Increased risk of urothelial cancer in Stockholm during 1985-87 after exposure to benzene and exhausts.
In a population-based case-referent study of urothelial cancer in Stockholm during 1985-87, information was obtained from 80% of 320 identified male cases and 79% of 363 selected male referents. Industrial exposures were assessed for each subject by an industrial hygienist on the basis of questionnaire data. Exposure to benzene (any annual dose) gave a relative risk (with 95% confidence interval) of 2.0 (1.0-3.8). The highest risk was seen for a high annual dose. Subjects exposed to both diesel and petrol exhausts (moderate/high annual dose) had a relative risk of 7.1 (0.9-58.8). However, adjusting for benzene changed the relative risk to 5.1 (0.6-43.6). It might be rewarding to consider whether benzene from petrol confounds the associations previously suggested between exhausts and urothelial cancer. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) gave a relative risk of 3.3 (0.6-18.4).
Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
G
G
Steineck
N
N
Plato
M
M
Gerhardsson
S E
SE
Norell
C
C
Hogstedt
D001554:Benzene / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000009:adverse effects*
D007220:Industrial Waste; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D001554:Benzene