Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in Alzheimer's disease.
In this study, 13 clinically and pathologically diagnosed cases of Alzheimer's disease were analyzed for the presence of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), ICAM-2, lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), HLA-DR, LN-1, and LN-2. ICAM-1 was observed primarily on neuritic plaques and cerebrovascular endothelium. ICAM-1 was also shown to be present in brain tissue derived from 14 normal cases; however, the degree of immunoreactivity was quantitatively less compared to Alzheimer cases and was largely restricted to cerebrovascular endothelium. LFA-1 was shown to be present on microglial cells and leukocytes. Consistent with the findings of previous reports, HLA-DR was found to be expressed on microglial cells. In this study we failed to demonstrate dual immunolocalization for ICAM-1 and LFA-1, ICAM-1 and HLA-DR, or ICAM-1 and LN-2. As microglial cells express both HLA-DR and LFA-1, they may serve to mediate antigen presentation functions by interacting with lymphocyte ICAM-1. Alternately, the expression of these immune-associated glycoproteins on glial cells may be epiphenomenal occurring secondary to some aspect of the disease process. Finally, the presence of ICAM-1 within neuritic plaques raises the question as to whether adhesion may play some role in the process of neurite outgrowth and neurodegeneration.
Frohman
E M
EM
Department of Neurology, California College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92717.
Frohman
T C
TC
Gupta
S
S
de Fougerolles
A
A
van den Noort
S
S
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000032:analysis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; C065289:ICAM2 protein, human; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1