Granulocyte macrophage--colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) decreases CD1a expression by human Langerhans cells and increases proliferation in the mixed epidermal cell-lymphocyte reaction (MELR).
Langerhans cells (LC) undergo a variety of phenotypic and functional changes in vitro. To determine the effects of granulocyte macrophage--colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1) on LC phenotype in vitro, epidermal cell suspensions were enriched for LC by density-gradient centrifugation and cultured in the presence of 10 ng/ml of these cytokines. The percentage of cells expressing the surface protein CD1a was determined by flow cytometry. This percentage typically dropped after 48 h culture in both control and cytokine-treated medium to less than half that of the starting value. By the fifth day, the percentage of cells expressing CD1a in TNF-alpha and IL-1--treated cultures was still near half of the starting value, slightly above that of control cultures. Treatment with GM-CSF caused large and consistent decreases in the percentage of epidermal cells expressing CD1a. Cell viability in each of the three cytokine-treated cultures was identical to the control cultures, with essentially all cells having died by the sixth day after isolation. To determine the functional effects of these cytokines, the cytokine-containing medium was replaced after 72 h with medium containing purified allogeneic T cells and proliferation measured. Preliminary experiments showed no increased proliferation induced by IL-1 or TNF-alpha--treated epidermal cells. GM-CSF-treated epidermal cells induced 2-3 times more T-cell proliferation than epidermal cells cultured without additional cytokines. We conclude that GM-CSF, a cytokine known to be produced by keratinocytes in vitro, decreases CD1a expression by human LC and increases their ability to stimulate proliferation by allogeneic T cells.
Kolenik
S
S
Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511.
Ding
T G
TG
Longley
J
J
D018949:Antigens, CD1; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D010641:Phenotype; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
D018949:Antigens, CD1; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D001685:Biological Factors; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor