Protein synthesis during acquisition of long-term facilitation is needed for the persistent loss of regulatory subunits of the Aplysia cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
Depending on the number or the length of exposure, application of serotonin can produce either short-term or long-term presynaptic facilitation of Aplysia sensory-to-motor synapses. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase, a heterodimer of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits, has been shown to become stably activated only during long-term facilitation. Both acquisition of long-term facilitation and persistent activation of the kinase is blocked by anisomycin, an effective, reversible, and specific inhibitor of protein synthesis in Aplysia. We report here that 2-hr exposure of pleural sensory cells to serotonin lowers the concentration of regulatory subunits but does not change the concentration of catalytic subunits, as assayed 24 hr later; 5-min exposure to serotonin has no effect on either type of subunit. Increasing intracellular cAMP with a permeable analog of cAMP together with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutyl methylxanthine also decreased regulatory subunits, suggesting that cAMP is the second messenger mediating serotonin action. Anisomycin blocked the loss of regulatory subunits only when applied with serotonin; application after the 2-hr treatment with serotonin had no effect. In the Aplysia accessory radula contractor muscle, prolonged exposure to serotonin or to the peptide transmitter small cardioactive peptide B, both of which produce large increases in intracellular cAMP, does not decrease regulatory subunits. This mechanism of regulating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase therefore may be specific to the nervous system. We conclude that during long-term facilitation, new protein is synthesized in response to the facilitatory stimulus, which changes the ratio of subunits of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. This alteration in ratio could persistently activate the kinase and produce the persistent phosphorylation seen in long-term facilitated sensory cells.
Bergold
P J
PJ
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032.
Sweatt
J D
JD
Winicov
I
I
Weiss
K R
KR
Kandel
E R
ER
Schwartz
J H
JH
D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000841:Anisomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001048:Aplysia; D005724:Ganglia / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology
D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D012701:Serotonin; D000841:Anisomycin; D011494:Protein Kinases; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine