[Vasodilator drugs that act by stimulating guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle].
Many exogenous and endogenous vasodilator substances produce their effects by stimulation of guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle and increasing cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. Activation of such enzyme leads to vasodilatation. Possibly as a consequence of a change in the pattern of protein phosphorylation, including dephosphorylation of the light chain myosin and of a decrease in the bioavailability of free calcium. Guanylate cyclase exists in two different forms in the vascular smooth muscle cells: a cytosolic (soluble) and the other associated to membranes (particulate). The nitro vasodilators and vasodilators with endothelium-dependent activity, act by main stimulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase, while the atrial natriuretic factor acts specifically on the particulate form of the enzyme. Guanylate cyclase represents the final path in the vasodilatation induced by diverse endogenous and exogenous substances, an aspect that has created a great interest among investigators due to its possible physiological, physiopathological and therapeutic implications. The more relevant aspects related with the mechanism of action of this numerous group of drugs are deeply analyzed in the present review.
Castillo
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C
Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional de México.
Hong
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E
D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
D009574:Nitro Compounds; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase
Fármacos vasodilatadores que actúan estimulando a la guanilato ciclasa en el músculo liso vascular.