Modulation of keratinocyte-derived interleukin-8 which is chemotactic for neutrophils and T lymphocytes.
Interactions between T lymphocytes, neutrophils, and epidermal cells are believed to play a central role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis and other inflammatory cutaneous disorders. Although there is strong evidence that lymphocyte-function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) positive T cells are retained in the epidermis via intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression induced on keratinocytes, the molecular basis for the directed migration of T cells or neutrophils towards the epidermis is not known. To investigate whether epidermal keratinocyte-derived products may be important in the migration of T cells and neutrophils into the epidermis, human keratinocytes were cultured in the presence of various cytokines and chemotactic activity of the supernatants were assessed. TNF-alpha stimulation produced directed migrational responses for both neutrophils and T-lymphocytes (both CD4 and CD8), but not B lymphocytes; 69% of T-cell movement and 80% of neutrophil migration induced by the TNF-alpha treated keratinocyte cell supernatants could be inhibited by anti-interleukin-8 (IL-8) serum. Using the same antibody, IL-8 was immunoprecipitated from the supernatants of TNF-stimulated 35S-labelled keratinocytes, and a single 7-kd band product detected by SDS-PAGE. In keeping with these biological activities and protein data, Northern blot analysis of total cellular RNA extracted from keratinocyte monolayers hybridized with a 32P-labelled 1-kb cDNA to IL-8 mRNA, revealed induction of the IL-8 gene in the presence of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, but not IFN-gamma. The protein kinase C agonist, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a known stimulator of psoriasiform cutaneous inflammation when applied directly to murine epidermis, strongly induced keratinocyte elaboration of IL-8 mRNA. These studies demonstrate that activated human keratinocytes are capable of producing biologically active IL-8, and provide evidence that keratinocytes can play a key role in mediating the influx of T cells and neutrophils into the epidermis.
Barker
J N
JN
Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0602.
Jones
M L
ML
Mitra
R S
RS
Crockett-Torabe
E
E
Fantone
J C
JC
Kunkel
S L
SL
Warren
J S
JS
Dixit
V M
VM
Nickoloff
B J
BJ
D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D004247:DNA; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate