Thermodynamics of industrially-important, enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
The thermodynamics of 10 industrially-important, enzyme-catalyzed reactions are examined. The reactions discussed are: the conversions of penicillin G to 6-amino-penicillinic acid using the enzyme penicillin acylase; starch to glucose using amylases; glucose to fructose using glucose (xylose) isomerase; cellulose to glucose using cellulase; fumaric acid and ammonia to L-aspartic acid using L-aspartase; transcinnamic acid and ammonia to L-phenylalanine using L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase; L-histidine to urocanic acid and ammonia using L-histidine ammonia lyase; lactose to glucose and galactose using lactase; and the reactions catalyzed by amino acylases and proteases. The selection of these processes was based on the economic value of the products and their intrinsic industrial importance. The available thermodynamic properties, such as equilibrium constants, Gibbs energies (delta G degrees), enthalphies (delta H degrees), and heat capacity changes (delta Cp degrees) of these enzyme-catalyzed reactions, are reviewed and summarized. Recommendations are made for future research in this area.
Chemical Thermodynamics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
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Tewari
D019747:Aldose-Ketose Isomerases; D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D001220:Aspartate Ammonia-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D002238:Carbohydrate Epimerases / Q000378:metabolism; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006638:Histidine Ammonia-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D010399:Penicillin Amidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D013816:Thermodynamics; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
D004798:Enzymes; D000681:Amylases; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D002480:Cellulase; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D000581:Amidohydrolases; D010399:Penicillin Amidase; C019672:aminoacylase I; D001220:Aspartate Ammonia-Lyase; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase; D006638:Histidine Ammonia-Lyase; D002238:Carbohydrate Epimerases; D019747:Aldose-Ketose Isomerases; C023298:xylose isomerase