Smoking and movement disorders in psychiatric patients.
Previous studies have suggested that tardive dyskinesia may occur more frequently in patients who smoke. Further evidence of an interaction between smoking and movement disorders includes the low lifetime exposure to cigarettes found in Parkinson's disease patients. In this study 126 patients with chronic psychiatric illnesses were blindly evaluated for tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism, and akathisia. Patients who smoked received significantly higher doses of neuroleptics but did not have significantly more frequent or more severe tardive dyskinesia or parkinsonism. Female smokers did have significantly more akathisia. These results are discussed with regard to interactions between smoking, central dopaminergic tone, and the psychopathology of extrapyramidal syndromes. The effect of smoking on neuroleptic blood levels as well as clinical symptomatology is also discussed.
Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0019.
M A
MA
Menza
N
N
Grossman
M
M
Van Horn
R
R
Cody
N
N
Forman
D000328:Adult; D000341:Affective Disorders, Psychotic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000175:diagnosis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents