Locally applied GM-CSF induces the accumulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin containing myofibroblasts.
We have examined the histological and cytoskeletal changes in rat connective tissues induced by subcutaneous perfusion with cytokines. Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1-alpha), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) produced a significant fibroblast accumulation, neovascular development and a weak to moderate leukocyte infiltration, while interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) induced intense mononucleated leukocyte infiltration. Immunofluorescence staining showed that accumulated fibroblastic cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle (SM) actin (but negative for the desmin and muscle myosin) only in GM-CSF-treated tissues. Electron microscopic examination established that a significant proportion of fibroblastic cell in GM-CSF-, IL-1-alpha- or TGF-beta-treated animals were typical myofibroblasts. Only in GM-CSF-treated animals did microfilament bundles of myofibroblasts contain alpha-SM actin, when examined by immuno electron microscopy. Our results suggest that locally applied cytokines induce the formation of distinct granulation tissues. In particular, GM-CSF stimulates alpha-SM actin synthesis in myofibroblasts, illustrating an unexpected extra-hematopoietic in vivo effect of this factor.
Rubbia-Brandt
L
L
Department of Pathology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
Sappino
A P
AP
Gabbiani
G
G
D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014945:Wound Healing
D000199:Actins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor