Adrenergic regulation of visuocortical plasticity: a role of the locus coeruleus system.
Noradrenaline-beta-adrenoceptor-mediated neural plasticity in cat visual cortex exemplifies clearly established roles of the locus coeruleus system in brain function. The prime role of the noradrenaline-beta-adrenoceptor system in the regulation of ocular dominance plasticity is discussed in this chapter and includes a newly invented paradigm of ocular dominance changes under anesthesia and paralysis without benefit of visual attention. Based on our recent findings, we have sought to integrate positive contributions of muscarinic cholinergic receptors to the beta-adrenoceptor-mediated regulatory processes. The issue of "activity dependency" is important and we recognize the necessity of designing new studies in which relationships between activity dependency within the visual pathway and global neurochemical/cellular factors can be tested directly. Further, we critically reviewed the involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acidA type receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the regulation of ocular dominance plasticity.
Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, CA.
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Kasamatsu
D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D018723:Bethanechol; D001626:Bethanechol Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002415:Cats; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D008125:Locus Coeruleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D015349:Vision, Monocular / Q000502:physiology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology
D001626:Bethanechol Compounds; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018723:Bethanechol; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; D011433:Propranolol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000109:Acetylcholine; D009638:Norepinephrine