Risk factors for neuroleptic-induced movement disorders.
Chronic neuroleptic therapy may be associated with the development of diverse movement disorders including Tardive dyskinesia (TD), Parkinsonism, dystonia, and akathisia in a subset of schizophrenic patients. It is presently unknown why only a proportion of neuroleptic-treated patients develop these movement disorders. In the following communication, we present a series of studies which demonstrate that the development of these movement disorders may be facilitated by certain risk factors including disturbances in pineal melatonin functions, diabetes mellitus, cognitive deficits, suicidal behavior, and disturbances in the functions of the choroid plexus. Recognition of these biological factors may prove useful in: (a) further understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders, and (b) identifying patients at risk for these movement disorders.
Sandyk
R
R
Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461.
Kay
S R
SR
Awerbuch
G I
GI
Iacono
R P
RP
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D002831:Choroid Plexus / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D003702:Delusions / Q000188:drug therapy*; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013406:Suicide, Attempted
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents