title: The nucleoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 1 and Sendai virus share amino acid sequences and antigenic and structural determinants.
abstract: The complete nucleotide sequence of the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV-1) was determined from a cDNA clone of mRNA. The mRNA is 1683 nucleotides long (excluding polyadenylic acid) and encodes a protein of 524 amino acids with a predicted Mr of 57,548. An amino acid identity of 83% was predicted between the NPs of the human pathogen hPIV-1 and the murine paramyxovirus, Sendai virus, compared to 72% similarity at the level of the nucleotide sequence. In contrast, the amino acid sequence identity between the NPs of hPIV-1 and hPIV-3 was 59%, suggesting a more distant evolutionary relationship. The NP amino acid sequences of hPIV-1 and Sendai virus were highly conserved in the amino-terminal half of the molecule, in which 395 of the first 420 amino acids were identical. Of 11 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeted against the Sendai virus NP, five cross-reacted with the hPIV-1 NP. The MAbs that cross-reacted recognize epitopes within regions of high amino acid similarity between the NPs of the two viruses. Also, five of the eight MAbs raised against hPIV-1 NP cross-reacted with Sendai virus NP. Taken together, our observations suggest that the essential amino acid sequence determinants of the NP structures of hPIV-1 and Sendai virus are conserved despite changes in their nucleotide sequences during evolution. This implies that there was a selective pressure to maintain the important functional domains of the protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38101.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lyn
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Scroggs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Portner
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003429:Cross Reactions; D000939:Epitopes / Q000032:analysis*; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010222:Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D000939:Epitopes; D009698:Nucleoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger