title: Big endothelin in plasma and amniotic fluid.
abstract: We previously demonstrated that endothelin-1 (ET-1) exists both in the peripheral circulation and the amniotic fluid (AF). The objects of the present study were (a) to measure the concentrations of ET-1 and big endothelin (big ET) in plasma and AF by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and (b) to characterize the molecular forms of endothelin in human AF by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with RIAs. Plasma samples from healthy male and female volunteers, and AF samples from full-term and mid-trimester pregnant women were extracted by C18 cartridges. Big ET, like ET-1, exists both in plasma and in AF. Significant increases (p less than 0.01) of big ET and ET-1 in AF from mid-trimester to full-term pregnancy were observed. The reverse-phase HPLC elution profile of immunoreactive (ir-) ET-1 presented a single major peak at a position corresponding to that of the standard ET-1 in the extracted AF. Two major components of ir-big ET were revealed: one corresponded to the elution position of standard big ET; the other one to that of the standard endothelin fragment [22-38] (EF).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (a) Three molecular forms of ET exist in AF: ET-1 as a major form, big ET, and EF. (b) ET-1 and big ET are both present in higher concentrations in AF at full-term pregnancy than during mid-trimester.
authors.affiliation: Peninsula Laboratories, Incorporated, Belmont, California 94002.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Y N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019332:Endothelin-1; D016232:Endothelins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D011817:Rabbits / Q000276:immunology; D011863:Radioimmunoassay
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D016232:Endothelins; D011498:Protein Precursors