title: Retrovirus-mediated gene transduction into long-term repopulating marrow cells of dogs.
abstract: Amphotropic helper-free retrovirus vectors containing the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neo) and the human adenosine deaminase gene (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4; ADA) were used to transduce canine marrow cells. In one approach, dogs were treated for 7 days with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to stimulate hematopoietic cell division. Bone marrow cells were collected and transduced by 24 hours of cocultivation on vector-producing cells followed by incubation in a vector-containing long-term marrow culture system for 4 days. Transduced autologous marrow (0.4 to 1.0 x 10(8) cells/kg) was infused into dogs administered otherwise lethal total body irradiation (TBI) of 920 cGy. Two of four dogs engrafted, and their marrows showed intermittently between 1% and 11% G418-resistant colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies for up to 2 years after transplantation. In a different experimental approach, autologous marrow, obtained at the time of the PB neutrophil nadir 7 days after a single cyclophosphamide injection (40 mg/kg intravenously), was cocultivated for 24 hours on vector-producing cells and infused at doses of 0.06 to 0.18 x 10(8) cells/kg into dogs administered 920 cGy TBI. One of three dogs engrafted, and the marrow showed intermittently 1% to 10% G418-resistant CFU-GM colonies for at least 2 years. Culture results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showing the presence of the neo gene in marrow cells, peripheral blood (PB) granulocytes, and PB and lymph node lymphocytes. Dilution experiments indicated that up to 10% of marrow, lymph node, and PB cells contained the neo gene, consistent with the culture results. Samples harboring the neo gene also contained the gene for human ADA. However, repeated analyses of PB and marrow cells for human ADA gene expression by starch gel electrophoresis were negative. PB samples of all dogs were free of helper virus, and no long-term side effects from the transduction were observed.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104.
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Schuening
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: To
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goehle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mullally
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Appelbaum
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
chemical_list: D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase