title: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone induces opposite effects on Ca2+ channel currents in pituitary cells by two pathways.
abstract: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates pituitary secretion by steps involving a cytosolic Ca2+ rise. We examined various pathways of Ca2+ elevation in pituitary GH3 cells. By using the patch clamp technique in the whole-cell configuration and Ba2+ as divalent charge carrier through Ca2+ channels, TRH (1 microM) reversibly reduced the current by about 55%. This hormonal effect was prevented by infusing guanine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate (GDP[beta S]) intracellularly but not by pretreating the cell with pertussis toxin (PT). Since PT-insensitive guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory (G) proteins are known to mediate a hormone-stimulated inositol trisphosphate-mediated Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, we assume that the inhibitory effect of TRH on Ba2+ currents through Ca2+ channels is caused by the increased intracellular Ca2+. To prevent a Ca(2+)-release-dependent inhibition of Ca2+ channels, we preincubated GH3 cells in a medium free of divalent charge carriers and measured the Na+ current through Ca2+ channels. When fura-2 was used as indicator for the cytosolic Ca2+, TRH induced a release from intracellular stores only once and had no effect on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration during further applications. In line with this observation, TRH initially reduced the Na+ current through Ca2+ channels but stimulated it during subsequent applications. The stimulation was sensitive to GDP[beta S] and was abolished by pretreatment with PT, suggesting that the stimulatory action of TRH is mediated by a G protein different from the one that functionally couples the receptor to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis. In conclusion, the present data suggest that TRH increases the intracellular Ca2+ concentration by two interacting pathways, that release from intracellular stores causes a secondary blockage of Ca2+ channels, and that, especially with empty intracellular Ca2+ stores, Ca2+ channels are stimulated by a PT-sensitive G protein.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gollasch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hescheler
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001464:Barium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010902:Pituitary Gland; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D015221:Potassium Channels; D001464:Barium; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D002118:Calcium