title: Ribosomal frameshifting requires a pseudoknot in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae double-stranded RNA virus.
abstract: The large double-stranded RNA of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) virus has two large overlapping open reading frames on the plus strand, one of which is translated via a -1 ribosomal frameshift. Sequences including the overlapping region, placed in novel contexts, can direct ribosomes to make a -1 frameshift in wheat germ extract, Escherichia coli and S. cerevisiae. This sequence includes a consensus slippery sequence, GGGUUUA, and has the potential to form a pseudoknot 3' to the putative frameshift site. Based on deletion analysis, a region of 71 nucleotides including the potential pseudoknot and the putative slippery sequence is sufficient for frameshifting. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrates that the pseudoknot is essential for frameshifting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo 14260.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tzeng
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bruenn
mesh_terms: D001482:Base Composition; D001483:Base Sequence; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D008961:Models, Structural; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics*; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D001616:beta-Galactosidase