Increased risk of death and cardiac arrest from encainide and flecainide in patients after non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. CAST Investigators.
This report examines whether in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial death and cardiac arrest from encainide, flecainide and moricizine during the titration phase and from encainide and flecainide during the follow-up phase were related to presence (Q-wave acute myocardial infarction [Q-AMI]) or absence (non-Q-AMI) of pathologic Q waves. In all, 2,371 patients (70% with Q-AMI, 26% with non-Q-AMI, and 4% unknown) entered the titration phase, starting 117 +/- 163 days after index AMI and lasting for an average of 21 days. For the titration phase, no significant differences existed between Q-AMI and non-Q-AMI patients for death and cardiac arrest rate, ventricular premature complex suppression rate, and nonrandomization rate. A total of 1,498 patients entered the follow-up phase of an average of 10 months (starting 129 +/- 158 days after the index AMI), and were randomized to encainide or flecainide, or their matching placebos. In the placebo group, non-Q-AMI patients had a significantly lower rate of death and cardiac arrest than Q-AMI patients (1.0 and 4.6%, respectively; p = 0.04). Encainide and flecainide significantly elevated death and cardiac arrest rate in both non-Q-AMI patients (8.7%, p less than 0.01) and Q-AMI patients (7.8%, p = 0.04). The relative risk for encainide or flecainide over placebo in the non-Q-AMI patients was 8.7, which was significantly higher than 1.7 observed for the Q-AMI patients (p = 0.03). None of the baseline characteristics had any significant interaction with encainide or flecainide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Akiyama
T
T
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, New York.
Pawitan
Y
Y
Greenberg
H
H
Kuo
C S
CS
Reynolds-Haertle
R A
RA
D005117:Cardiac Complexes, Premature / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D016700:Encainide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005424:Flecainide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016293:Moricizine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D010919:Placebos; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D004338:Drug Combinations; D010919:Placebos; D016293:Moricizine; D005424:Flecainide; D016700:Encainide