title: Inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity results in promotion of endogenous thrombolysis and inhibition of thrombus extension in models of experimental thrombosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the effect of inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity by a murine monoclonal anti-human PAI-1 antibody (MAI-12) on in vitro thrombolysis and on in vivo thrombolysis and thrombus extension in an experimental animal model for thrombosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thrombolysis, mediated by recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA), was studied in an in vitro system consisting of fibrinogen, plasminogen, and thrombin. Addition of purified platelets during clot formation inhibited rt-PA-mediated thrombolysis in a dose-dependent manner. Platelet-dependent thrombolysis resistance could be completely neutralized by the monoclonal antibody MAI-12, supporting the notion that the observed resistance is due to PAI-1 released from alpha-granules of platelets. Subsequently, we monitored in vivo thrombolysis and thrombus extension of human whole blood thrombi that were allowed to form in rabbit jugular veins. During thrombus formation, either MAI-12 or an irrelevant antibody was incorporated. Thrombolysis and thrombus extension were simultaneously measured during endogenous thrombolysis or upon administration of different dosages of rt-PA. We observed that endogenous thrombolysis was enhanced in the presence of MAI-12 compared with the control antibody. Significantly, thrombus extension was partially prevented by MAI-12 and not by the control antibody irrespective of whether exogenous rt-PA was systematically administered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations further confirm the essential role of PAI-1 in the regulation of the thrombolytic system and support the exploration of adjunctive therapy based on inhibition of PAI-1 activity in thrombolytic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Center for Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Atherosclerosis and Inflammation Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Biemond
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Zonneveld
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: ten Cate
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pannekoek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator