title: The effects of vitamin K on the generation of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (PIVKA-II) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: The clinical significance of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (PIVKA-II) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was investigated in 112 patients with and without vitamin K administration. The positivity rate of PIVKA-II was significantly decreased in patients receiving vitamin K (28.5%), compared with those without vitamin K administration (54.5%, p less than 0.05). The plasma levels of vitamin K derivatives [phylloquinone (VK1), menaquinone-4 (MK4), and menaquinone-7 (MK7)] measured were not decreased in patients with HCC, but were significantly increased in MK4 and VK1 + MK4 + MK7. The amount of PIVKA-II in plasma did not correlate with the plasma levels of vitamin K derivatives. However, PIVKA-II was decreased by the administration of vitamin K, and all of the six patients with more than 5.0 ng/ml of VK1 + MK4 + MK7 were within normal limits, whereas half of 32 patients with less than that had abnormal levels of PIVKA-II. Thus, it was suggested that PIVKA-II was not elevated due to vitamin K deficiency, but might result from the impaired metabolism or availability of vitamin K in the tumor. Therefore, PIVKA-II should be measured without vitamin K administration.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umeshita
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Endoh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011498:Protein Precursors; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D014812:Vitamin K; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D011516:Prothrombin