title: Effects of dihydroergotamine and etilefrine on experimentally-induced postural hypotension in dogs.
abstract: The effects of dihydroergotamine and etilefrine on experimentally-induced postural hypotension were examined. Although dihydroergotamine at 3 and 10 micrograms/kg (i.v.) increased blood pressure (BP), it did not affect cardiac output (CO). However, dihydroergotamine at 10 micrograms/kg reduced the decrease in CO induced by the tilt. Therefore, it is suggested that the increase in BP is induced by the contraction of resistance vessels, and that the inhibition of the decrease in CO due to tilt is induced by the contraction of capacitance vessels. Etilefrine at 0.1 mg/kg (i.v.) increased BP and heart rate (HR), however, it did not attenuate the decrease in BP induced by the tilt. Although it tended to increase CO, it did not attenuate the decrease in CO. It is suggested that the increase in BP is due to the contraction of resistance vessels, and to the increase in cardiac contractile force and HR. In this study, dihydroergotamine and etilefrine did not attenuate the decrease in BP due to tilt, though dihydroergotamine inhibited the decrease in CO due to tilt. As an explanation, it is suggested that dihydroergotamine induces contraction of resistance vessels as well as capacitance vessels, however the effects of the drug on resistance vessels is weak, and that etilefrine has little or no effect on capacitance vessels. In our previous study, midodrine, an alpha-1 agonist, attenuated the decreases in BP and CO due to tilt, and it has been suggested that the inhibition was induced by the contraction of capacitance vessels. Therefore, dihydroergotamine, etilefrine and midodrine show different pahrmacological profiles in experimentally-induced postural hypotension.
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otomo
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D004087:Dihydroergotamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D005039:Etilefrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005730:Ganglionic Blockers; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D018738:Hexamethonium; D006584:Hexamethonium Compounds; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008879:Midodrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D005730:Ganglionic Blockers; D006584:Hexamethonium Compounds; D018738:Hexamethonium; D004087:Dihydroergotamine; D008879:Midodrine; D005039:Etilefrine