title: Retrograde ejaculation: successful treatment with artificial insemination.
abstract: Retrograde ejaculation is characterized by aspermia or oligospermia and results from an incompetent bladder neck, often due to a dysfunction of the internal sphincter. In almost 3 years, eight couples who suffered from infertility due to retrograde ejaculation were treated with inseminations with spermatozoa gained from the urine. Ovulation was predicted on the basis of blood LH levels. The urine-semen sample was collected in 100 mL of Hepes medium and 5 mL 1% human albumin (pH 7.4). After centrifuging, the remaining sperm pellet was dispersed on a Percoll gradient. After centrifuging and resuspending, followed by two washing procedures with Ham's F-10 and human albumin 1%, the remaining sample was used for intrauterine insemination. Twelve pregnancies were thus achieved; two women became pregnant twice and one three times. The pregnancy rate per cycle was 44.4%. In seven couples, pregnancy was achieved within three cycles. Four pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion and five ended in the birth of a healthy child; three pregnancies were continuing at the time of writing. Retrograde ejaculation can be treated successfully with inseminations using spermatozoa obtained from urine. It seems important to collect the urine-semen sample in a buffered medium and to time the insemination on the basis of the LH surge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Hospital, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van der Linden
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: te Velde
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van Kooy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004542:Ejaculation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013094:Spermatozoa; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*