title: Combined oral contraceptives containing chlormadinone acetate and breast cancer: results of a case-control study.
abstract: The main subject of this hospital-based case-control study was the possible relationship between use of combined oral contraceptives (OCs) containing chlormadinone acetate and breast cancer. Analyses were based on data from 490 cases with newly diagnosed breast cancer and 1,223 controls and were separately performed for combined OCs with and without chlormadinone. For either of the combined OCs, risk was not elevated in ever users, did not increase with duration of use and did not change with time since initial exposure or with time since most recent use. However, the relative risk was increased in current users: RR = 1.72 (0.88, 3.36) for combined OCs with chlormadinone and RR = 1.42 (1.01, 2.00) for combined OCs without chlormadinone, which is, however, explained as a screening effect. These results show that chlormadinone as a constituent of combined OCs does not influence breast cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Humboldt University, Schumannstrasse Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ebeling
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nischan
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kunde
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stalsberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate