title: Genotoxicity of diesel-exhaust particles dispersed in simulated pulmonary surfactant.
abstract: Diesel-exhaust particles from two sources were dispersed in aqueous mixtures of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline, a major component of pulmonary surfactant, and were tested for genotoxicity. Diesel samples from the same sources were extracted with dichloromethane and transferred into dimethyl sulfoxide and subjected to the same assays. Both types of extractions yielded similar results in both the Salmonella mutagenicity assay and the sister-chromatid exchange assay using V79 cells. After separation of the samples into supernatant and sediment fractions, the activity of both diesel samples was shown to reside exclusively in the supernatant fraction for the solvent-extracted samples, and exclusively in the sedimented fraction for surfactant dispersed samples. These findings indicate that genotoxic activity associated with diesel particles inhaled into the lung may be made bioavailable by virtue of the solubilization/dispersion properties of pulmonary surfactant components.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, ALOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005742:Gasoline / Q000633:toxicity*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000737:chemistry*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005742:Gasoline; D009153:Mutagens; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions