title: Novel non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. 1. Tricyclic pyridobenzo- and dipyridodiazepinones.
abstract: Novel pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepinones (I), pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepinones (II), and dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepinones (III) were found to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase in vitro at concentrations as low as 35 nM. In all three series, small substituents (e.g., methyl, ethyl, acetyl) are preferred at the lactam nitrogen, whereas slightly larger alkyl moieties (e.g., ethyl, cyclopropyl) are favored at the other (N-11) diazepinone nitrogen. In general, lipophilic substituents are preferred on the A ring, whereas substitution on the C ring generally reduces potency relative to the corresponding compounds with no substituents on the aromatic rings. Maximum potency is achieved with methyl substitution at the position ortho to the lactam nitrogen atom; however, in this case an unsubstituted lactam nitrogen is preferred. Additional substituents on the A ring can be readily tolerated. The dipyridodiazepinone derivative 11-cyclopropyl-5,11-dihydro-4-methyl-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e] [1,4]diazepin-6-one (96, nevirapine) is a potent (IC50 = 84 nM) and and selective non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and has been chosen for clinical evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hargrave
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Proudfoot
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Grozinger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kapadia
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: V U
authors.initials: VU
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mauldin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vitous
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Behnke
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001381:Azepines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001570:Benzodiazepinones / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D019829:Nevirapine; D011725:Pyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001381:Azepines; D001570:Benzodiazepinones; D011725:Pyridines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019829:Nevirapine