Production of the mouse whey acidic protein in transgenic pigs during lactation.
The mouse whey acidic protein (WAP) gene was introduced into the genome of pigs and its expression was analyzed in the mammary gland. Mouse WAP was detected in milk of lactating females from five lines at levels between .5 and 1.5 g/liter, thereby representing as much as 2% of the total milk proteins. The corresponding mRNA was expressed in mammary tissue at levels similar to those of pig beta-lactoglobulin and beta-casein. The pattern of WAP secretion in three pigs over a period of 6 wk was quantitatively similar to that of pig beta-lactoglobulin. From the eight transgenic pigs analyzed, three successfully completed one lactational period, but five pigs stopped lactating a few days after parturition. Our results show that it is possible to produce large quantities of a foreign protein in milk of pigs over a full lactational period. However, expression of WAP can compromise the mammary gland and render it nonfunctional.
Shamay
A
A
Lab. of Biochem. and Metab., NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
Solinas
S
S
Pursel
V G
VG
McKnight
R A
RA
Alexander
L
L
Beattie
C
C
Hennighausen
L
L
Wall
R J
RJ
D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008892:Milk / Q000032:analysis; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
D008894:Milk Proteins; C024471:whey acidic proteins; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA