title: Detection of mutations associated with zidovudine resistance in human immunodeficiency virus by use of the polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: A sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was developed for four mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that have been associated with zidovudine resistance. These mutations were correlated in 366 specimens with zidovudine chemotherapy and resistance. Mutations at these four codons were detected only after zidovudine therapy. The usual sequence of appearance of mutations was codons 215, 70, 67, and 219, although individual variations occurred. The degree of resistance was proportional to the number of mutations present, although variable susceptibilities with identical patterns of mutations suggested the likelihood that additional mutations contribute to resistance. The existence of both phenotypic and genotypic mixtures was documented as was the occasional selection of subpopulations with passage of virus in vitro. The many complexities of zidovudine resistance render the assay of limited use for application to individual patients; however, it could prove useful for correlating disease or therapy with the emergence of resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Richman
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Guatelli
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsiatis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gingeras
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015215:Zidovudine; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase