title: A story of two miracles: the impact of the discovery of insulin on pregnancy in women with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Before the discovery of insulin in 1921, pregnancies in women with diabetes mellitus were a rarity because most reproductive-age patients died soon after diagnosis of this illness. In the limited number of pregnancies reported in the pre-insulin era, both perinatal and maternal mortality were approximately 50%, with stillbirths being the primary cause of perinatal deaths. Insulin treatment restored the fertility of women with diabetes and was associated with a marked reduction in maternal mortality. Women with more severe disease had the opportunity to become pregnant; however, their pregnancies frequently resulted in neonatal death due to prematurity. Therefore, perinatal mortality was not substantially reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gabbe
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000266:history*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin