title: Early plasmapheresis in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura to adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and study the responses of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura patients to early plasmapheresis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  ICU of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four consecutive patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, with various periods of time (1 to 18 days) having elapsed since the onset of this condition. Patients ranged in age from 17 to 66 yrs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasmapheresis, using intermittent flow separators, was instituted soon after the patients' ICU admission. The retinoscopic findings on admission and the relationship of Pao2 to platelet counts before and after plasmapheresis therapy were recorded. Antiplatelet agents were given to the survivors to prevent relapses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients survived and six died. Plasmapheresis was administered for a range of 1 to 5 days (mean 3) and 3 to 18 days (mean 9.8) in survivors and nonsurvivors, respectively (p less than .001). Four patients with confluent fundus hemorrhages died and seven without these fundoscopic findings had easily controlled disease. Increases in Pao2 paralleled increases in platelet counts after plasmapheresis (p less than .001) in this small series of patients. Three of 18 discharged survivors relapsed over a period of 3 to 56 months of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early introduction of plasmapheresis in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura seems to increase the survival rate and to halt the development of ARDS. Fundus findings may be a prognostic factor in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. The antiplatelet agents seem to be efficacious in the prevention of relapses.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Athens University, Greece.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Douzinas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Markakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karabinis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mandalaki
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bilalis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fessas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D010956:Plasmapheresis / Q000592:standards*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010976:Platelet Count; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011697:Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors