title: Behavior of alpha 2u-globulin accumulating in kidneys of male rats treated with d-limonene: kidney-type alpha 2u-globulin in the urine as a marker of d-limonene nephropathy.
abstract: Effects of d-limonene on alpha 2u-globulin in the kidneys, urine and serum were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting analysis. Treatment of male rats with d-limonene by gavage for 14 consecutive days (300 mg/kg/day) caused accumulation of hyaline droplets in renal proximal tubule cells, and a marked intensification of a protein band corresponding to the kidney-type alpha 2u-globulin, with a molecular weight calculated to be approximately 16 kDa. However, no significant changes in the serum alpha 2u-globulin (native-type) band, of approximately 19 kDa, were observed between treated rats and controls, suggesting that circulating alpha 2u-globulin levels were not affected by the d-limonene administration. While the molecular weight of the major alpha 2u-globulin in the urine from control rats was the same as that in the serum (native-type), marked increase in the protein band corresponding to kidney-type-alpha 2u-globulin was observed in the urine from treated rats. The results were indicative of elimination of alpha 2u-globulin from the kidney to urine, the appearance of kidney-type-alpha 2u-globulin in urine implying disruption or exfoliation of proximal tubule cells. Therefore, it is suggested that the presence of the alpha 2u-globulin (kidney-type) in the urine might be used as an indicator of chemically induced alpha 2u-globulin nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uwagawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshitake
mesh_terms: D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000077222:Limonene; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013729:Terpenes / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000510:Alpha-Globulins; D015415:Biomarkers; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D013729:Terpenes; C013803:alpha 2u globulin; D000077222:Limonene