title: Production of a pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP)-containing immunotoxin, B43-PAP, directed against the CD19 human B lineage lymphoid differentiation antigen in highly purified form for human clinical trials.
abstract: We describe a standardized method for the preparation and purification of a potent immunotoxin against B-lineage leukemia/lymphoma cells, constructed with the ribosome inhibitory single chain plant toxin pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) and a murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) specific for the human B lineage differentiation antigen CD19 for human clinical trials. PAP was prepared from spring leaves of Phytolacca americana plants by ammonium sulfate precipitation and purified to homogeneity by successive steps of ion exchange chromatography. B43 MoAb was produced in vitro by hollow fiber technology and purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography. PAP toxin and B43 MoAb were modified via their free amino groups prior to their intermolecular conjugation. 2-iminothiolane was used to introduce reactive sulfhydryl groups into PAP and N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate was used to introduce 2-pyridyl disulfide bonds into B43 MoAb. Modified PAP was reacted with modified B43 MoAb resulting in a sulfhydryl-disulfide exchange reaction and yielding disulfide linked PAP-B43 MoAb conjugates, which we refer to as B43-PAP immunotoxin. B43-PAP immunotoxin was subjected to preparative gel filtration chromatography and cation exchange chromatography to obtain a highly purified, sterile, and pyrogen-free immunotoxin preparation with less than 5% free antibody contamination and less than 0.5% free PAP contamination. The final product displayed a high affinity for and a very potent anti-leukemic activity against B lineage leukemia cells. With slight modifications, the procedures detailed in this report should be generally applicable to preparation of other PAP-MoAb conjugates for treatment of cancer or AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Radiology-Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Irvin
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kuebelbeck
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Uckun
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018941:Antigens, CD19; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D000922:Immunotoxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D011786:Quality Control; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018941:Antigens, CD19; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000922:Immunotoxins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; C024275:pokeweed antiviral protein