title: Cytokeratin shedding in urine as a biological marker for bladder cancer: monoclonal antibody-based evaluation.
abstract: Cytokeratin shedding into urine was measured using a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 282 individuals. Samples included urine from normal controls, patients with urogenital conditions and bladder cancer patients. A monoclonal antibody prepared against cytokeratins extracted from a hyperkeratotic low grade squamous cell carcinoma (UNME/K1) was used in the assay. The results indicated reasonable levels of sensitivity (83%), specificity (67%) and overall accuracy (70%) in the detection of bladder cancer. The levels of sensitivity in detecting squamous and transitional cell carcinoma patients were 87 and 73% respectively. The low level of specificity was due to a high frequency of false positive results (55%) within the urogenital controls; this suggests that further immunochemical and immunohistopathological analyses of associated urothelial cytokeratins are required.
authors.affiliation: Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Helmy
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Seddek
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Basta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaaban
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: el-Baz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: el-Masry
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: al-Hilaly
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghoneim
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000652:urine; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000652:urine; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000652:urine; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000652:urine; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007633:Keratins