title: In vivo administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-4, alone and in combination, after allogeneic murine hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: BALB/c mice (H-2d) given 10 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) followed by 10(7) bone marrow (BM) and 10(6) spleen cells from C57BL/6 (H-2b) donor mice received recombinant cytokines intraperitoneally (IP) twice daily. The effect on neutrophil recovery rate, graft-v-host disease (GVHD), and survival was assessed. Four reagents were used: granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-4, both alone and in combination. The most effective combination for increasing the circulating absolute neutrophil account (ANC) above the control value at day 7 posttransplant was the combination of G-CSF and IL-1 (mean ANC 2.4 +/- 1.6 x 10(9)/L as compared with control value of 0.07 +/- 0.05, P less than .02), followed by G-CSF alone (mean ANC 1.1 +/- 0.2, P less than .0001), the combination of GM-CSF plus IL-1 (mean ANC 0.8 +/- 0.3, P less than .002), and the combination of G-CSF plus GM-CSF (mean ANC 0.8 +/- 0.3, p less than .005). At day 10 posttransplant, the most effective combination in raising the ANC was the combination of G-CSF plus GM-CSF (mean ANC 7.5 +/- 2.3 as compared with control value of 3.5 +/- 1.1, P less than .01), followed by G-CSF alone (mean ANC 6.9 +/- 2.1, P less than .02). At the doses used, neither G-CSF nor GM-CSF had a deleterious effect on the incidence or severity of GVHD; indeed, GM-CSF was associated with improved survival. In contrast, IL-1 at doses greater than or equal to 100 ng twice daily caused marked early mortality, and there was a suggestion that IL-4 at doses of 500 ng twice daily resulted in increased late mortality, possibly owing to exacerbation of GVHD. This model appears to be of value for exploring the use of hematopoietic growth factors before they are used clinically in marrow allograft recipients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matias
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guiffre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cooley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biggs
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gillis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor