title: Evaluation of changes in standard electrocardiographic QRS waveforms recorded from activity-compatible proximal limb lead positions.
abstract: Proximal limb lead positions are currently used for activity-compatible electrocardiographic monitoring of myocardial ischemia. Two previously described systems for alternate limb lead placement were studied in patients with and without QRS evidence of healed anterior or inferior myocardial infarction. An innovative method was used to simultaneously record 6 standard and 6 modified limb leads, and 3 standard and 3 modified precordial leads on a standard digital electrocardiograph. Both alternate lead placement systems showed rightward frontal plane axis shift and diminished Q-wave durations in lead aVF compared with those of their simultaneous standard controls. Furthermore, potential differences between the standard distal limb lead sites and 5 more proximal sites were explored along each limb. Differences along the left arm were accentuated relative to those along the right arm owing to differences in proximity of the arms to the myocardium. Along the lower limb, and anterior site showed less deviation from standard than did a more lateral site. It is imperative that recordings from alternate sites be labeled accordingly so that their output cannot be confused with that obtained from standard sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pahlm
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Haisty
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Edenbrandt
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Sevilla
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Selvester
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology