title: The cystic fibrosis gene has a "housekeeping"-type promoter and is expressed at low levels in cells of epithelial origin.
abstract: Evaluation of the expression of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene in human epithelial cell lines demonstrated active, but low level, transcription of the gene. Analysis of 3.8 kilobases of genomic sequences 5' to exon 1 of the CF gene demonstrated no TATA promoter element, but a high G + C content, multiple transcription start sites, and several potential Sp1 binding sites. Fragments of 5'-flanking sequences from 2.2 kilobases to as small as 102 base pairs 5' to the major transcription start site supported constitutive reporter gene expression in epithelial cells, but at low levels, and independent of the length of the 5' fragment. CF gene transcription was down-regulated by phorbol myristate acetate. Importantly, evaluation of freshly isolated normal human bronchial cells also demonstrated CF gene transcription at a relatively low rate. Together, these observations suggest that although the normal CF gene promoter has characteristics of a "housekeeping"-type gene, and the gene is expressed at low levels in cells of organs that manifest the clinical disorder "cystic fibrosis," its expression can be modulated transcriptionally, implying a possible therapeutic approach for the disease.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Trapnell
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dalemans
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavirani
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lecocq
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Crystal
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C505032:CFTR protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate