title: Effect of 33% xenon inhalation on whole-brain blood flow and metabolism in awake and fentanyl-anesthetized monkeys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the documented diagnostic value of local cerebral blood flow maps by xenon-enhanced computed tomography, reports of cerebral blood flow activation by inhaled 33% Xe raised concerns about the method's safety and accuracy. We evaluated the effect of 33% Xe inhalation on cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen and glucose in four awake and six fentanyl-anesthetized rhesus monkeys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Platinum microelectrodes and catheters in the torcular Herophili were used to measure cerebral blood flow by hydrogen clearance, and oxygen and glucose concentrations. Cerebral variables were measured after 5 and 35 minutes of exposure to room air followed randomly by 67% O2 in 33% N2 or Xe. Five- and 35-minute measurements were combined because the duration of exposure had no effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In awake monkeys, 33% Xe compared with 33% N2 reduced (p less than 0.05) cerebral blood flow from 75 +/- 12 to 66 +/- 9 (mean +/- SD) ml.100 g-1.min-1 and oxygen consumption from 6.1 +/- 0.7 to 5.1 +/- 0.6 ml.100 g-1.min-1. In fentanyl-anesthetized monkeys, cerebral variables during 33% N2 versus 33% Xe were cerebral blood flow, 84 +/- 26 versus 79 +/- 23 ml.100 g-1.min-1; oxygen consumption, 5.0 +/- 0.7 versus 4.9 +/- 0.5 ml.100 g-1.min-1; and glucose consumption, 8.4 +/- 1.9 versus 7.9 +/- 2.0 mg.100 g-1.min-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In awake monkeys, 33% Xe reduced rather than activated cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption by 12% and 16%, respectively; it had no effect in fentanyl-anesthetized monkeys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pa 15261.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bandres
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Boston
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Darby
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yonas
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000388:Air; D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014978:Xenon / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014978:Xenon; D005947:Glucose; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen; D005283:Fentanyl