title: Cordycepin analogues of 2',5'-oligoadenylate inhibit human immunodeficiency virus infection via inhibition of reverse transcriptase.
abstract: Analogues of 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5A), the cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) core trimer (Co3) and its 5'-monophosphate derivative (pCo3), were shown to display pronounced anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity in vitro. Treatment of HIV-1 infected H9 cells with 1 microM Co3 or pCo3 resulted in an almost 100% inhibition of virus production. The compounds were encapsulated in liposomes targeted by antibodies specific for the T-cell receptor molecule CD3. Substitution of one or two cordycepin units in Co3 or pCo3 decreased the antiviral activity of the compounds. pCo3 did not stimulate 2-5A-dependent ribonuclease L activity and displayed no effect on the amount of cellular RNA and protein. At a concentration of 10 microM the cellular DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma were almost insensitive toward Co3 or pCo3. In contrast, these compounds reduced the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) by 90% at a concentration of 10 microM if the viral RNA genome and the cellular tRNALys.3 was used as template/primer system; if the synthetic poly(A).(dT)10 was used as template/primer, no marked inhibition was observed. Dot-blot, gel-retardation, and cross-linking assays showed that Co3 or pCo3 interfere with the binding site of tRNALys.3 to RT. These results indicate that inhibition of RT at the level of initiation of the enzymic reaction is a novel approach to inhibit HIV-1 replication.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Charubala
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pfleiderer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leserman
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Sobol
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Suhadolnik
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Schröder
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003839:Deoxyadenosines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D009843:Oligoribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000378:metabolism; D012357:RNA, Transfer, Lys / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D003839:Deoxyadenosines; D008081:Liposomes; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D009843:Oligoribonucleotides; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012357:RNA, Transfer, Lys; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; C023505:2',5'-oligoadenylate; C058120:cordycepin