title: Follow-up of infants treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for newborn respiratory failure.
abstract: Follow-up studies were conducted to assess the medical and developmental outcome of 92 infants treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the University of Michigan. Of 118 near-term (greater than 34 weeks' gestation) infants who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, 103 (87%) were surviving and available for follow-up at between 1 and 7 years of age. Ninety-two of these children were seen on at least one occasion. Each visit included a history and physical examination, an evaluation by a physical therapist, and developmental testing by a pediatric psychologist. Medical outcome during year 1 found 31% of the children rehospitalized, primarily with respiratory illness. Outpatient-treated lower respiratory tract illness was seen in an additional 31% of the children. New or nonstatic neurologic problems were noted in 6% of the children. Abnormal growth during year 1 occurred in 26% of the children. At last clinic visit 16% of the children exhibited moderate-to-severe neurologic abnormalities, and 8% had moderate-to-severe cognitive delay. Sensorineural hearing loss occurred in 4% of children. Nine percent of the children were receiving speech and language therapy; screening tests showed that an additional 6% had speech and language delay. Overall, at last visit 16 (20%) of the children exhibited some type of handicap. A review of the literature on follow-up studies of non-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-treated infants with persistent pulmonary artery hypertension produced an impairment rate of 18.5%. Outcome post-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation appears similar to that seen in less ill cohorts of infants treated with more "conventional" therapy. Long-term follow-up of all such infants remains essential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0254.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Roloff
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: LaClaire
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000150:complications; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008471:Meconium Aspiration Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D010547:Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications