title: Modulation of granuloma formation in vitro by endogenous mediators.
abstract: We have reported previously that in vitro granulomas are inducible by culturing murine spleen cells in the presence of artificial microparticles, dextran beads, and that macrophages and macrophage-derived cytokines (monokines) including interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) play a critical role in the initiation of bead-induced granulomas in vitro. To investigate regulatory mechanisms of granuloma formation, we examined the modulatory effects of various mediators such as IL-1, TNF-alpha, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4, IL-6, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), dexamethasone and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the development of lesions, because these mediators are known to play a pivotal role in inflammatory responses. The lesions were suppressed by the addition of dexamethasone, PGE2 or certain T cell-derived lymphokines such as IL-4 and IFN-gamma. These results suggest that suppressive signals are different from granulomatogenic cytokines including IL-1 and TNF-alpha and that granulomas are regulated by multi-factor dependent mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: I Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shikama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D003911:Dextrans; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008863:Microspheres; D013158:Splenic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D003911:Dextrans; D008222:Lymphokines; D003907:Dexamethasone; D015232:Dinoprostone