title: The cyclic AMP (cAMP)-cAMP receptor protein complex functions both as an activator and as a corepressor at the tsx-p2 promoter of Escherichia coli K-12.
abstract: The tsx-p2 promoter is one of at least seven Escherichia coli promoters that are activated by the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-cAMP receptor protein (CRP) complex and negatively regulated by the CytR repressor. DNase I footprinting assays were used to study the interactions of these regulatory proteins with the tsx-p2 promoter region and to characterize tsx-p2 regulatory mutants exhibiting an altered response to CytR. We show that the cAMP-CRP activator complex recognizes two sites in tsx-p2 that are separated by 33 bp: a high-affinity site (CRP-1) overlaps the -35 region, and a low-affinity site (CRP-2) is centered around position -74 bp. The CytR repressor protects a DNA segment that is located between the two CRP sites and partially overlaps the CRP-1 target. In combination, the cAMP-CRP and CytR proteins bind cooperatively to tsx-p2, and the nucleoprotein complex formed covers a region of 78 bp extending from the CRP-2 site close to the -10 region. The inducer for the CytR repressor, cytidine, does not prevent in vitro DNA binding of CytR, but releases the repressor from the nucleoprotein complex and leaves the cAMP-CRP activator bound to its two DNA targets. Thus, cytidine interferes with the cooperative DNA binding of cAMP-CRP and CytR to tsx-p2. We characterized four tsx-p2 mutants exhibiting a reduced response to CytR; three carried mutations in the CRP-2 site, and one carried a mutation in the region between CRP-1 and the -10 sequence. Formation of the cAMP-CRP-CytR DNA nucleoprotein complex in vitro was perturbed in each mutant. These data indicate that the CytR repressor relies on the presence of the cAMP-CRP activator complex to regulate tsx-p2 promoter activity and that the formation of an active repression complex requires the combined interactions of cAMP-CRP and CytR at tsx-p2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gerlach
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Søgaard-Andersen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinussen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valentin-Hansen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bremer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D002373:Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D011953:Receptors, Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002373:Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein; C048425:CytR protein, E coli; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D011953:Receptors, Cyclic AMP; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C066743:Tsx protein, E coli; D000242:Cyclic AMP