title: [The course of pregnancy and teratogenicity of antiepileptic agents in 66 patients with epilepsy].
abstract: We report on 79 pregnancies in 66 female outpatients with epilepsy. An increase of seizure frequency was significantly more frequent in complex partial seizures than in grand mal seizures and in absences. The reason for these disparities are not clear. In most patients a raised frequency of seizures during pregnancy decreased again after delivery. Carbamazepine was the antiepileptic drug prescribed most frequently followed by valproic acid. The course of the blood levels of carbamazepine and valproic acid was nonuniform during pregnancy. Total concentrations of carbamazepine in cord blood were on average 84.5% of those in maternal blood (n = 22). Valproic acid blood levels were on average 183% of those in maternal blood (n = 15). It is still unclear whether these differences are clinically relevant. During the last weeks of pregnancy we found an increase of the free fraction of carbamazepine and valproic acid. Simultaneously the total protein concentration decreased. Until now these findings are without clinical relevance. The course of labor did not differ from normal population concerning the ratios of spontaneous labor, cesarean section and delivery by forceps. Miscarriage and perinatal mortality were 2.7% each and outnumbered the risk in the general population. In 42.8% of the neonates one to three perinatal complications were observed. The ratio of perinatal complications is not different between patients with monotherapy and combined therapy respectively. There was a tendency to lower values of length, weight and head circumference in the male neonates but not in the female neonates. The risk of minor malformations was 26%, the risk of major malformations was 14% (including one case of suspected malformation) without a discernible correlation with a specific antiepileptic drug.
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Abteilung, Psychiatrisches Landeskrankenhaus Weissenau.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fröscher
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niesen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bülau
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Penin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hildenbrand
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D004832:Epilepsy, Absence / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017029:Epilepsy, Complex Partial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine; D014635:Valproic Acid
vernacular_title: Untersuchungen zum Schwangerschaftsverlauf und zur Teratogenität der Antiepileptika bei 66 Epilepsie-Patientinnen.