title: Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity of sulfated monosaccharides: comparison with sulfated polysaccharides and other polyions.
abstract: Previously, the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) activities were reported of four sulfated polysaccharides: dextran sulfate, pentosane polysulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and heparin sulfate. In the present study, the anti-HIV-1 activities of several other sulfated polysaccharides, monosaccharides, neutral polysaccharides, and polypeptides were evaluated. Anti-HIV-1 activities of these various agents were measured by four different assays: (1) HIV-1-induced syncytia formation; (2) infectivity of cell-free HIV-1 after preincubation with the putative anti-HIV-1 agent; (3) protective ability of the agents for target CD4+ cells, and (4) anti-reverse transcriptase activity. In addition, potential toxicity of the putative anti-HIV-1 agents was measured by their effects on cellular proliferation, cytotoxic effects, and effects on coagulation processes. These data indicate that only sulfated polysaccharides and one sulfated monosaccharide, glucosamine 6-sulfate, have significant anti-HIV-1 activity. The therapeutic potentials of these agents are also discussed, with special reference to absorption of glucosamine 6-sulfate through the gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bagasra
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Whittle
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heins
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pomerantz
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D013431:Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009005:Monosaccharides; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D011108:Polymers; D011134:Polysaccharides; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D013431:Sulfates