title: Involvement of retinoic acid nuclear receptors in retinoic acid-induced tissue transglutaminase gene expression in rat tracheal 2C5 cells.
abstract: The involvement of retinoic acid nuclear receptors (RARs) in the induction of tissue transglutaminase (TG) by retinoic acid in rat tracheal 2C5 cells was determined. The levels of RAR alpha and RAR beta were altered in 2C5 cells by transfection with RAR expression vectors. Increased expression of RAR alpha increased the induction of tissue TG by retinoic acid. In contrast, decreased RAR alpha expression, using an antisense RAR alpha expression vector, diminished the normal level of tissue TG induction caused by retinoic acid. Transfectants overexpressing RAR beta were also more responsive to retinoic acid for the induction of tissue TG, although the magnitude of TG induction was not as great as resulted from RAR alpha overexpression. These results indicate that the levels of the RAR alpha and RAR beta dictate the magnitude of tissue TG induction by retinoic acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center, Madison 53792.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Denning
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Verma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007700:Kinetics; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D014132:Trachea / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D014212:Tretinoin; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D011503:Transglutaminases