title: Instrumental neutron activation analysis of kidney stones.
abstract: Kidney stone samples of the types calcium oxalate, uric acid, and xanthine were analyzed for their elemental contents by neutron activation analysis to study both the elemental correlation and influence of element on stone precipitation processes. Elements, such as Al, Au, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Na, Sb, Se, Sr, and Zn, were determined quantitatively. Calcium oxalate stones contained higher concentration of all the elements analyzed compared to uric acid or xanthine stones. The concentrations of Cl, Fe, K, Na, Sr, and Zn were relatively higher than Au, Co, Cr, and Sb. A positive correlation exists between Ca and Zn, whereas a negative correlation exists between Sr and Ca. Zinc may play an important role in the formation of calcium oxalate stone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Science, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia, Bangi.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarmani
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Kuan
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bakar
mesh_terms: D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry*; D009501:Neutron Activation Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D019820:Xanthine; D014970:Xanthines / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D014970:Xanthines; D019820:Xanthine; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid