title: Endothelin modulation of neuroeffector transmission in smooth muscle.
abstract: In a series of muscle preparations, the peptides endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-3 (ET-3) were investigated for effects on basal muscle tone, responses to transmural nerve stimulation, and release of [3H]norepinephrine or [3H]acetylcholine. ET-1 and ET-3 contracted rat vas deferens and guinea pig ileum, ET-1 being the most potent. In the guinea pig taenia coli, ET-1 induced a relaxation whereas ET-3 was almost without relaxing effect. In the rat vas deferens, ET-1 and ET-3 enhanced contractile responses to nerve stimulation, whereas the nerve-induced release of [3H]norepinephrine was inhibited by ET-1 but not by ET-3. Contractions to exogenous ATP were increased by ET-1 whereas contractions to norepinephrine were not. In the guinea pig ileum, nerve-induced contractions were inhibited by ET-1 and ET-3 as was acetylcholine release, whereas contractions to exogenous acetylcholine were enhanced by ET-1. The inhibition of nerve-induced contractions by the endothelins was not affected by treatment with 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline, BW755C, or indomethacin. The relaxation by ET-1 in the guinea pig taenia coli was not affected by treatment with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, BW755C, or indomethacin. In conclusion, ET-1 exerted a stimulatory postjunctional effect and concomitantly an inhibitory prejunctional effect on adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission. Also, ET-3 exerted a stimulatory postjunctional effect, whereas a prejunctional inhibitory effect of ET-3 only was evident on cholinergic neurotransmission. Blockade of the production of nitric oxide or arachidonic acid metabolites or application of an adenosine antagonist did not alter the effects of ET-1 or ET-3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Wiklund
authors.forename: C U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Wiklund
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cederqvist
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohlén
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hedqvist
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation; D016232:Endothelins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects*; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins; D000109:Acetylcholine; D009638:Norepinephrine