title: A multi-arterial clamping method with arterial hypotension does not bring about complete brain ischemia in dogs.
abstract: The completeness of brain ischemia with a multi-arterial clamping method in dogs was examined using EEG, evoked potentials (EPs) and vessel staining with Evans blue. EEG was monitored by bipolar parietal lead. EPs stimulating electrodes were inserted into the first thoracic (T1) epidural space and recording electrodes into the C2 epidural space, brain stem and cerebral cortex. EPs were measured at 30 s intervals with 50 measurements each time using 3.0 mA current of 100 microseconds duration. In dogs in which brain ischemia was brought about by ventricular fibrillation (VF group, n = 5) EEG disappeared within 40 s in all dogs and the amplitudes of EPs at the C2 spinal cord, brain stem and cerebral cortex after 10 min ischemia were 57%, 0% and 0%, respectively. In the dogs in which a multi-arterial clamping method (clamping internal thoracic arteries, brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery while lowering systolic arterial pressure (AP) below 50 Torr) was used (AC group, n = 5) EEG was still recognizable at 5 min in 2 dogs and the amplitudes of EPs at the C2, brain stem and cerebral cortex at 10 min ischemia were 103%, 53% and 0%, respectively. Stainings with Evans blue were observed in all soft tissue at and below thoracic level, entire intervertebral venous plexus, venous sinuses of cranial dura mater and spinal cord below the lower part of cervical region. Bright red fluorescence by Evans blue was observed microscopically in the vessels of the spinal cord, brain stem and cerebrum (1 dog only). In conclusion a multi-arterial clamping method with arterial hypotension brings about only incomplete brain ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Andou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tabo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujitani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagaro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003250:Constriction; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005070:Evans Blue; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D005070:Evans Blue