title: A phase III randomized study comparing cisplatin and fluorouracil as single agents and in combination for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether combination chemotherapy is superior to single agents for recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer, we compared the efficacy and toxicity of cisplatin (CP) and fluorouracil (5-FU), alone and in combination in a phase III trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred forty-nine patients with recurrent head and neck cancer were randomized to one of three treatments: CP (100 mg/m2) and 5-FU (1 g/m2 x 4), CP, or 5-FU every 3 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall response rate to the combination (32%) was superior to that of CP (17%) or 5-FU (13%) (P = .035). Response was associated with good performance status (PS) but not with primary site, site of recurrence, histology, prior irradiation, or relative dose intensity. Median time to progression was less than 2.5 months, and there was no significant difference in median survival (5.7 months) among the groups. By multivariate analysis, patients with better PS and poorly differentiated tumors had superior survival. Hematologic toxicity and alopecia were worse in the combination arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the response rate to the combination of CP plus 5-FU was superior to that achieved with single agents, survival did not improve.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lyman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Velez-García
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Sridhar
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hochster
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Goodnough
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mortimer
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Einhorn
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schacter
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil