title: Mental health consequences and correlates of reported medical student abuse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence, correlates, and mental health consequences of reported medical training-related abuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal cohort study of 137 students surveyed from medical school entrance (time 1) through the winter of the fourth training year (time 4).
  
  
  METHODS
  A state college of medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reported training-related abuses (measured at time 4) and mental health status measured at times 1 and 4 (depressive and anxiety symptoms, hostility, problem drinking, escapist drinking, alcohol consumption levels, and gender role orientations).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two percent of students reported at least one abusive experience during medical training. Females were significantly more likely than males to report gender discrimination, exclusion from informal settings, discomfort from sexual humor, and unwanted sexual advances. Abuse was significantly related to most psychopathological outcomes, controlling for pre-existing psychopathology. Males low in masculinity and females low in femininity were most likely to report abuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data provide further support for the assumption that a high proportion of medical students not only experience the training process as abusive in nature but also suffer measurable psychopathological consequences. Efforts should be made to reform medical education, with a prominent focus on gender role-related issues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Richman
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Rospenda
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001007:Anxiety; D002961:Civil Rights; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D011287:Prejudice; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*