title: Epithelial atypia in gynecomastia induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. A possible pitfall in fine needle aspiration biopsy.
abstract: The clinical, cytopathologic and histopathologic features of a case of gynecomastia induced by chemotherapeutic drugs are described. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears showed epithelial atypia, and an erroneous cytologic diagnosis of carcinoma was made. Histopathologic study showed gynecomastia with epitheliosis, papillomatosis and atypical ductal hyperplasia. Review of the FNA smears showed the findings to be more typical of a reparative or regenerative process; these findings had been cytologically overinterpreted, partly due to the lack of adequate clinical information submitted with the aspirate. The possible causes of gynecomastia, the induction of epithelial atypia by cytotoxic chemotherapy and the cytologic features whose recognition may prevent false-positive diagnoses in such cases are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, 12th of October Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pinedo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Agustín
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garzón
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Barrios
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ballestín
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002955:Leucovorin; D011241:Prednisone; D008727:Methotrexate