title: Biochemical effect of chocolate colouring and flavouring like substances on thyroid function and protein biosynthesis.
abstract: Synthetic chocolate colourant, flavourant and the mixture of both were administered to healthy adult male albino rats to evaluate their effect on the nucleic acids metabolism, i.e. deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids (DNA and RNA), total serum protein, thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) and nuclease enzymes, i.e. cytoplasmic- and mitochondrial deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease (DNase and RNase) in brain, liver, and kidneys. Also, the activity of the fundamental enzymes of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, i.e. cytoplasmic and mitochondrial glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD and 6-PGD), as well as total lipids and cholesterol contents in the same organs were studied. Ingestion of the studied food additives significantly increased serum protein, RNA and T4 hormone, while, DNA and T3 hormone were insignificantly elevated. In connection with this, the hydrolytic enzymes of nucleic acids (DNase and RNase activities) were stimulated by all studied food additives and in all mentioned organs. The activity of G-6-PD and 6-PGD in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions of all studied organs were increased. The highest increase was noticed in rats fed on diets supplemented with the mixture of both colourant and flavourant followed by colourant then flavourant, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Biochemical Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: el-Saadany
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002099:Cacao; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D010427:Pentose Phosphate Pathway / Q000187:drug effects; D010734:Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D005505:Food Coloring Agents; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D010734:Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases; D012260:Ribonucleases; D013974:Thyroxine