title: Variations in methadone treatment practices. Results from a national study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the extent to which outpatient methadone maintenance treatment units are engaging in treatment practices that previous research indicates are ineffective (eg, inadequate dose levels); to examine factors that may be related to variation in methadone treatment practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of unit directors and clinical supervisors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study includes units that vary in terms of ownership (public, private for-profit, or private not-for-profit) and setting (eg, hospital-based, mental health center-based, or free-standing facility).
  
  
  METHODS
  A national random sample of 172 units participated, for an 82% response rate; the data were weighted to ensure that they were nationally representative.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clients' awareness of and influence on doses; units' use of take-home dosages; upper limits on doses; average dose levels; unit emphasis on decreasing dosages; time when clients are encouraged to detoxify; average length of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data indicate that many units have treatment practices such as low average dose levels that are not effective according to the majority of previous studies. Units with higher average dose levels have longer average lengths of time in treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Steps should be taken to monitor and, if necessary, change the treatment practices of methadone units that are providing inadequate dose levels with little client input.
authors.affiliation: Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48106.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: D'Aunno
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Vaughn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D058016:Health Facility Administration; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D008691:Methadone