title: Levels of GH binding activity, IGFBP-1, insulin, blood glucose and cortisol in intensive care patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate levels of serum GH binding activity, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), blood glucose, serum insulin, and cortisol in patients on the Intensive Therapy Unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study of severely ill patients admitted to the Intensive Therapy Unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six critically ill patients (51-78 years) who required ventilatory and nutritional support and six healthy age, sex, height and weight matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients and controls were studied for two 24-hour periods; the patients before and after commencing parenteral nutrition, the controls whilst fasted and on a second occasion when fed a diet equal in protein and calories to that of the patients' parenteral nutrition. Samples were taken hourly for measurement of IGFBP-1, blood glucose, serum insulin and cortisol. Growth hormone binding activity was measured at 0 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood glucose levels were higher in the patients than controls in both the fasted (mean +/- SEM 5.1 +/- 0.5 vs 3.8 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, P = 0.04) and fed states (10.1 +/- 1.6 vs 5.0 +/- 0.1 mmol/l, P = 0.02) and patients' insulin levels were also higher when fed (81.5 +/- 31.6 vs 24.2 +/- 4.8 mU/l, P = 0.046) although there were no significant differences between patients and controls when fasted. IGFBP-1 levels were inversely related to insulin levels in both the patients and controls; mean IGFBP-1 concentrations were higher in fasted patients than in controls (123 +/- 38 vs 52 +/- 9, P = 0.046) but when fed, both groups had similar mean levels. Serum GH binding activity was low in the patients and did not change with feeding. Mean 24-hour cortisol levels were higher in the patients than in controls, whether fasted or fed, and showed no nyctohemeral rhythm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have previously reported that critically ill patients have low levels of IGF-I with augmented basal levels of GH. The present results demonstrate that these changes in the GH-IGF-I axis are associated with insulin resistance with respect to blood glucose and high levels of IGFBP-1 when patients are fasted. However, when fed, the inverse relationship of IGFBP-1 to insulin is preserved. Patients have low levels of GH binding activity and increased mean cortisol levels. Interventional studies in this patient group with GH and IGF-I must take account of these changes in binding protein and cortisol levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, King's College School of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Miell
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Holly
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maheshwari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Abdulla
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Buchanan
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003422:Critical Care; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone