title: Subregions of the caudate nucleus and their in- and output channels in oro-facial dyskinesia: a behavioural and retrograde tracing study in the cat.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that the feline caudate nucleus contains DPI-sensitive (caput nuclei caudati, anterodorsal part; r-CRM) and DPI-insensitive (caput nuclei caudati, rostromedial part; CRM) regions. Stimulation of dopamine receptors within the r-CRM by dopamine or DPI are known to elicit oro-facial dyskinesia (OFD), i.e. a syndrome of tic-like contractions of the facial muscles in combination with tongue protrusions. OFD is also elicited from the sub-commissural part of the globus pallidus (scGP), a first order output station of the r-CRM, but not from the CRM. On the basis of these data it has been hypothesized that (1) OFD is a specific feature of the r-CRM, but not the CRM; (2) effects elicited from the r-CRM are funneled via the scGP, and that (3) r-CRM and CRM are differentially innervated. Cats were bilaterally equipped with cannulas directed at the CRM or r-CRM and scGP. Following recovery from the operation the cats received bilateral injections of DPI into CRM (5 micrograms/5 microliter) or r-CRM (5 and 10 micrograms/5 microliter), the latter in combination with muscimol (50 and 100 ng/1 microliter) into the scGP or its solvent. Subsequently, behaviour was analyzed. OFD, quantified in number of tongue protrusions, was only elicited from the r-CRM, but not from the CRM confirming previously reported data in this respect. Furthermore the effect varied according to the dose used. The OFD elicited from the r-CRM was found to be blocked at the level of the scGP by local injections of muscimol, a GABA agonist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Spooren
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Groenewegen
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cools
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001370:Axonal Transport; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002415:Cats; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D048288:Imidazolines; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009118:Muscimol / Q000494:pharmacology; D010852:Picrotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013577:Syndrome; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014059:Tongue / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D018998:Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate; D014909:Wheat Germ Agglutinins
chemical_list: D002217:Carbachol; D002395:Catecholamines; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D048288:Imidazolines; D009118:Muscimol; D010852:Picrotoxin; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D018998:Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate; D014909:Wheat Germ Agglutinins; C011775:(3,4-dihydroxyphenylamino)-2-imidazoline