title: The effect of filtered-coffee consumption on plasma lipid levels. Results of a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  --To determine the effect of filtered-coffee consumption on plasma lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy men.
  
  
  METHODS
  --Randomized controlled trial with an 8-week washout period followed by an 8-week intervention period during which men were randomly assigned to drink 720 mL/d of caffeinated coffee, 360 mL/d of caffeinated coffee, 720 mL/d of decaffeinated coffee, or no coffee.
  
  
  METHODS
  --Outpatient clinical research center in a university medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  --One hundred healthy male volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  --Changes in plasma lipoprotein cholesterol levels during the intervention period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  --Men who consumed 720 mL of caffeinated coffee daily had mean increases in plasma levels of total cholesterol (0.24 mmol/L, P = .001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.17 mmol/L, P = .04), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.08 mmol/L, P = .03). No significant changes in these plasma lipoprotein levels occurred in the other groups. Compared with the group who drank no coffee the group who drank 720 mL/d of caffeinated coffee had increases in plasma levels of total cholesterol (0.25 mmol/L, P = .02), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.15 mmol/L, P = .17), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.09 mmol/L, P = .12) after adjustment for changes in diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  --Consumption of 720 mL/d of filtered, caffeinated coffee leads to a statistically significant increase in the plasma level of total cholesterol, which appears to be due to increases of both low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Kwiterovich
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Wilder
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Moy
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Pearson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003069:Coffee; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003069:Coffee; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol