title: Glyburide-sensitive K+ channels in cultured rat hippocampal neurons: activation by cromakalim and energy-depleting conditions.
abstract: Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that cromakalim activates a tetraethylammonium-sensitive K+ current in cultured embryonic rat hippocampal neurons. This phenomenon was further characterized using whole-cell voltage-clamp and single-channel recording techniques. Glyburide (1-25 microM), an antagonist of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, produced a concentration-dependent depression of the cromakalim-activated current. In contrast, charybdotoxin (100 nM), an antagonist of some Ca(2+)-dependent and other K+ channels, not only failed to block the effect of cromakalim but actually produced a moderate enhancement of the cromakalim-activated K+ current. Neither glyburide nor charybdotoxin affected resting or voltage-activated K+ currents in the absence of cromakalim. Exposure of the cells to energy-depleting conditions (0.24 micrograms/ml oligomycin and 10 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose) also activated an outward current. Single-channel recordings in the cell-attached configuration showed that cromakalim (100 microM) stimulated the opening of flickery single channels having a unitary conductance of approximately 26 pS and a prolonged burst duration (mean open time, approximately 131 msec); similar channel openings were observed in patches from cells exposed to energy-depleting conditions. In patches containing a single K+ channel, the open probability in the presence of cromakalim was approximately 0.6 and in the presence of energy-depleting conditions was approximately 0.8; in the absence of either of these treatments, channel openings were not observed. Glyburide produced a reversible inhibition of the channels activated by cromakalim and energy-depleting conditions. These data provide additional support for the existence of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in central neurons and indicate that the K+ channels whose opening is stimulated by cromakalim are likely to be of the ATP-sensitive type.
authors.affiliation: Neuronal Excitability Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Politi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rogawski
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018999:Charybdotoxin; D019806:Cromakalim; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D009840:Oligomycins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012604:Scorpion Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D009840:Oligomycins; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011758:Pyrroles; D012604:Scorpion Venoms; D019806:Cromakalim; D018999:Charybdotoxin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D005905:Glyburide