title: Zinc and copper of fetal organs during the second trimester of pregnancy.
abstract: In fetus with a mean gestational age of 18 weeks (range 15-25, n = 14), zinc and copper concentrations in liver, femur, rib, and skeletal muscle were measured. Zinc and copper concentrations are highest in liver. A trend of decreasing liver zinc concentrations during gestational age is suggested. Zinc concentrations are significantly correlated with copper concentrations in liver and in femur, suggesting steady growth in both organs. Femur zinc values rank ca. 30% of those in liver, femur copper, ca. 2%. Zinc or copper concentrations in rib are of the same levels as in skeletal muscle. Their concentration for zinc ranks ca. 20%, for copper, ca. 5% of the values in liver. All zinc and copper values are lower than reported in third trimester fetal organs. Calculated zinc/copper molar ratios are distinctive for the various organs: in liver, 6 +/- 1, in femur, 73 +/- 8, and in soft tissues, 26 +/- 3. Calculated ratios from published values obtained from the third trimester of pregnancy show that the ratios in liver and skeletal muscle maintain these levels. The zinc/copper molar ratio can serve as an internal reference in zinc and/or copper measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiochemistry, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Van Wouwe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoogenkamp
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Van den Hamer
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc