title: IL-4 decreases the expression of the monocyte differentiation marker CD14, paralleled by an increasing accessory potency.
abstract: IL-4 has been found to affect the phenotype and a variety of functions of human monocytes and macrophages and has been discussed as a monocyte activating protein along with other cytokines, such as IL-1 and IL-6. In this study we compared the effects of the cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-4, and a combination of IL-1 and IL-6 on the expression of the CD14 antigen, the FcIIIg receptor molecule CD16 and the MHC-class II molecules HLA-DR and HLA-DP. These molecules represent characteristic monocyte surface markers. Furthermore, the CD14 molecule has been described as a surface antigen of high in vivo relevance representing an indirect receptor for LPS. We further analyzed the effect of IL-4 on monocytes and macrophages with respect to their accessory function to initiate T-lymphocyte proliferation. Human peripheral blood monocytes strongly express the antigen CD14 and maintain it as a stable surface molecule during their differentiation to macrophages. Flow cytometry analysis of cultured monocytes demonstrated that cells incubated in the presence of IL-4, but not IL-1 and/or IL-6 revealed a reduced expression of the CD14 antigen in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After 3 days IL-4 treated cells were virtually CD14-negative. At the same time the expression of the CD16 antigen (FcRIIIg) was also strongly reduced, whereas the treatment with IL-4 led to an increased expression of MHC class II antigens such as HLA-DR and HLA-DP. The spontaneous low expression of HLA-DQ antigen on monocytes was not affected by any of the cytokines. Functionally, IL-4 treated CD14-negative monocytes exhibited a more than 2-fold higher activity to stimulate an accessory cell-dependent T cell proliferation. This was found in a mitogenic assay and in MLC when compared to monocytes cultured in the absence of IL-4. These observations provide further evidence that IL-4 is a major modulator of monocyte surface antigen expression. Moreover, IL-4 has an enhancer-effect on monocytes as accessory cells and therefore may be of considerable importance as a regulatory factor during monocyte development to accessory cells. Inasmuch as the CD14 molecule functions as a receptor for LPS-binding protein, our results suggest that IL-4 might also play an important regulatory role in processes initiated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides during inflammation and sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Immunologie, Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruppert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Friedrichs
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006682:HLA-DP Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D006682:HLA-DP Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D011961:Receptors, Fc; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor