title: Focus group sessions on formats of nutrition labels.
abstract: Four consumer focus group sessions, with a total of 40 participants, were conducted to gather information on the utility and appropriateness of selected components of nutrition label formats. The formats reviewed were bar graphs, pie charts, numeric listings, and adjectival descriptors such as high and low. Participants were asked to compare food labels using various format types and to discuss the utility and interpretability of the formats. The outcomes suggested that these consumers did not find pie charts useful. They considered bar graphs confusing or unnecessary when numeric values were provided. Participants expressed concern that adjectival descriptors could be misleading. The numeric listing format they considered the most useful consisted of two columns of numbers: one listing the amounts of food components present in a serving of the food, and a second listing either the percentage of the label reference value (eg, the US Recommended Daily Allowance) or the quantity established as the label reference value. Participants repeatedly stressed their interest in a simple label. The results form one component of the Food and Drug Administration's efforts to evaluate nutrition label formats and will be used in conjunction with ongoing experimental and quantitative research studies.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Clinical Research Section, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Yetley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003256:Community Participation; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D005260:Female; D005515:Food Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration