title: Pacemaker syndrome in a patient with DDD pacemaker for long QT syndrome.
abstract: A patient with long QT syndrome was treated with beta blockers and had a permanent DDD pacemaker implanted. The lower rate was set to 85 beats/min because this provided the best shortening of QT interval at the lowest paced heart rate. The atrioventricular (AV) delay was programmed to 250 msec to allow native AV conduction. Patient returned complaining of symptoms suggestive of pacemaker syndrome. ECG during one of these episodes showed AV sequential pacing. Doppler echocardiography of hepatic vein flow suggested atrial contraction against a closed tricuspid valve. Endocardial electrogram telemetry demonstrated ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction with the retrograde atrial electrogram falling within the atrial refractory period and thus was not sensed. The following atrial stimulus did not capture because of the atrial refractoriness. Ventricular pacing proceeded after the programmed AV delay. Reprogramming the AV delay to 200 msec restored AV synchrony by allowing the atrial stimulus to capture by placing it outside of the refractory period of the atrium. No further symptoms reported during six months of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D001262:Atenolol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D001262:Atenolol