title: Nicotine chewing gum use in the outpatient care setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to assess nicotine gum use when prescribed in a nonresearch, routine outpatient setting. Special attention was given to comparing actual use patterns with established guidelines for use based on clinical research.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomly selected group of 612 patients who had received a prescription for nicotine gum during an 18-month period were surveyed regarding their smoking history and use of the gum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the gum prescriptions (75%) were requested by patients rather than recommended by medical care providers. Less than one half of the users were heavy smokers. The reported amount of gum used was small, with more than one half reporting consumption of one box or less, and about one third reporting use of the gum for only 1 week or less. Larger amounts of gum use, however, were associated with abstinence from tobacco. Only one in 20 users attended a structured behavioral treatment program while using the gum. Over one half of the patients reported using nicotine gum to help them cut down on, rather than quit, smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only a small percentage of the patients used the nicotine gum according to the established guidelines, and most of the patients used the gum in ways that have been shown to be ineffective for smoking cessation. Providers should educate their patients in the techniques that maximize the use and effectiveness of nicotine gum in smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR 97215.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hollis
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Woodson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D002638:Chewing Gum; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009922:Oregon; D010349:Patient Compliance; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D014861:Washington
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D009538:Nicotine