title: Enhancement by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) of the proliferation of leukemic blast progenitors stimulated with IL-3.
abstract: We studied the effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on colony formation of leukemic blast progenitors from ten acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patients stimulated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), or interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). These CSFs and interleukins by themselves stimulated the proliferation of leukemic blast progenitors without adding TGF-beta 1. G-CSF, GM-CSF, and IL-3 stimulated blast colony formation in nine patients, IL-6 stimulated it in five, and IL-1 beta stimulated in four. TGF-beta 1 significantly reduced blast colony formation stimulated by G-CSF, GM-CSF, or IL-6 in all patients. In contrast, TGF-beta 1 enhanced the stimulatory effect of IL-3 on blast progenitors from three cases, while in the other seven patients TGF-beta 1 reduced blast colony formation in the presence of IL-3. To study the mechanism by which TGF-beta 1 enhanced the stimulatory effect of IL-3 on blast progenitors, we carried out the following experiments in the three patients in which it occurred. First, the media conditioned by leukemic cells in the presence of TGF-beta 1 stimulated the growth of leukemic blast progenitors, but such effect was completely abolished by anti-IL-1 beta antibody. Second, the addition of IL-1 beta in the culture significantly enhanced the growth of blast progenitors stimulated with IL-3. Third, leukemic cells of the two patients studied were revealed to secrete IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) constitutively; the production by leukemic cells of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha was significantly promoted by TGF-beta 1. Furthermore, the growth enhancing effect of TGF-beta 1 in the presence of IL-3 was fully neutralized by anti-IL-1 beta antibody. These findings suggest that TGF-beta 1 stimulated the growth of blast progenitors through the production and secretion of IL-1 beta by leukemic cells.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bessho
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirashima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tohda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morio
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000906:Antibodies; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D001752:Blast Crisis / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015703:Antigens, CD; D006133:Growth Substances; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007377:Interleukin-3; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor