title: Hemodynamic effects of endothelin-1 in the newborn piglet: influence on pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on the pulmonary and systemic circulations in newborn piglets. Twelve piglets (mean age of 6.8 days, range of 1-12 days) were anesthetized with chloralose-urethane and ventilated at FiO2 = 1.0. Animals were instrumented to measure cardiac output (CO), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), aortic pressure (AoP), left atrial pressure (LAP), and right atrial pressure (RAP). Six piglets received a control saline injection into the pulmonary artery (PA), and six piglets received one injection of ET-1 (500 ng/kg) into the PA while PAP, AoP, LAP, RAP, CO, and heart rate (HR) were measured simultaneously at 20-s intervals with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) calculated by computer. Administration of ET-1 into the PA led to (a) a transient decrease in mean PAP (delta max of -4 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.001); (b) a biphasic response (an initial decline followed by a substantial increase) in PVR (delta max of -760 +/- 460 dyn cm/s5, p less than 0.01, and delta max of +1,490 +/- 1,360 dyn cm/s5, p less than 0.05) and in AoP (delta max of -12 +/- 7 mm Hg, p less than 0.005, and delta max of +11 +/- 6 mm Hg, p less than 0.005); (c) an increase in SVR (delta max of +5,930 +/- 2,330 dyn cm/s5, p less than 0.05); and (d) an initial increase in CO (delta max of +0.06 +/- 0.03 L/min, p less than 0.05) followed by a decrease (delta max of -0.09 +/- 0.05 L/min, p less than 0.05). These responses have not been observed in adult species and may indicate a developmental difference in the response of the pulmonary circulation to ET-1 administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7220.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krzeski
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Henry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D016232:Endothelins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016232:Endothelins