title: Substance P and neurokinin A in human nasal mucosa.
abstract: The tachykinins substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) were studied in human inferior turbinate nasal mucosa by radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry, and autoradiography and for their effect upon mucus release in an in vitro culture system in order to infer their potential functions in the upper respiratory tract. Similar amounts of SP (1.03 +/- 0.12 pmol/g wet weight; mean +/- SEM; n = 26) and NKA (0.76 +/- 0.23; n = 7) were found. NKA and SP immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in the walls of arterioles, venules, and sinusoids and as individual fibers in gland acini, near the basement membrane, and in the epithelium. [125I]SP bound to arterioles, venules, and glands. [125I]NKA bound only to arterioles. In short-term explant culture of fragments of human nasal mucosa, both 1 microM SP and 1 microM NKA stimulated release of [3H]glucosamine-labeled respiratory glycoconjugates. These results indicate that SP and NKA have similar distributions in nociceptive sensory nerves in human nasal mucosa. The distribution of [125I]SP binding sites is consistent with a role for SP as a vasodilator and mucous secretagogue. The presence of [125I] NKA binding sites on vessels suggests a primary role for NKA in regulating vasomotor tone.
authors.affiliation: Allergic Diseases Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Baraniuk
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lundgren
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okayama
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goff
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mullol
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merida
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shelhamer
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kaliner
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001345:Autoradiography; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015288:Neurokinin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013373:Substance P / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D006001:Glycoconjugates; D014316:Tritium; D013373:Substance P; D015288:Neurokinin A; D007781:Lactoferrin; D005944:Glucosamine