Reduction of desensitization of a glutamate ionotropic receptor by antagonists.
The glutamate receptor channel subtype that responds to both quisqualate (QA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) was expressed in Xenopus oocytes injected with rat cerebral cortex mRNA. Voltage-clamp current responses to QA, AMPA, and glutamate (GLU) exhibited a rapid increase followed by a decrease to a desensitized steady state (DS). Perfusion with high agonist concentrations produced smaller DS responses than perfusion with low concentrations. During the DS, the current was increased by lowering of the concentration of agonist or by application of low concentrations of a competitive antagonist, 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX). This paradoxical increase of the agonist-induced currents during the DS was also observed in cultured Purkinje cells with another competitive antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). Dose-response curves obtained in oocytes were bell shaped, with a negative slope for high concentrations of QA. DNQX shifted these bell-shaped curves to the right. Together, these results indicate that the agonists are able to reversibly inhibit the AMPA receptor. The classical desensitization model of Katz and Thesleff [J. Physiol. (Lond.) 138:63-80 (1957)] cannot account for our observations.
Geoffroy
M
M
Laboratoire de Physiologie Nerveuse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Lambolez
B
B
Audinat
E
E
Hamon
B
B
Crepel
F
F
Rossier
J
J
Kado
R T
RT
D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005971:Glutamates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007051:Ibotenic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D016318:Quisqualic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014981:Xenopus; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid
D005971:Glutamates; D007473:Ion Channels; D011810:Quinoxalines; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; D007051:Ibotenic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C056723:FG 9041; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; D016318:Quisqualic Acid