title: Factors limiting the erythropoietin response in rapidly growing infants with congenital nephrosis on a peritoneal dialysis regimen after nephrectomy.
abstract: To prevent anemia in seven small children with congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (age range 1 to 4 years), we gave recombinant human erythropoietin in a dose up to 150 IU/kg/per week. We then studied the limiting factors during 14 weeks. On a peritoneal dialysis regimen after nephrectomy, the patients grew considerably (range +0.1 to 2.2 kg/14 wk; mean + 1.3 kg/14 wk). The amount of blood taken for laboratory studies was estimated. Although the estimated erythrocyte volume increased, the improvement was masked in most patients by enhanced growth. In two patients the target hemoglobin value of 10 gm/dl was reached, and in three patients transfusions were avoided. The reticulocyte count rose in dose-dependent fashion. In five patients protein malnutrition was not prevented, although intake of protein was as recommended. The gradual decrease in serum ferritin values indicated that mobilization of iron stores was adequate. Serum iron values decreased, although in general remaining within normal limits. In six patients the serum copper concentration was low and in two the serum aluminum concentration was slightly elevated. Two patients had several episodes of infection. We conclude that in rapidly growing infants and small children receiving peritoneal dialysis after nephrectomy, the maintenance or elevation of the hemoglobin concentration depends on several limiting and coinciding factors. We speculate that, when protein is limited, body growth has priority over erythropoiesis. A higher dose of erythropoietin might have evoked a better response in hemoglobin concentration but might also have resulted in progression of the protein deficit.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Siimes
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Rönnholm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antikainen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holmberg
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D016913:Blood Component Transfusion; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D004920:Erythropoiesis; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006128:Growth; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D009392:Nephrectomy; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000151:congenital* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D011488:Protein Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000097:blood; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D004921:Erythropoietin; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron