title: The chlorinated pesticide mirex is a novel nonphorbol ester-type tumor promoter in mouse skin.
abstract: The hepatocarcinogenic organochlorine pesticide, mirex, was examined as a tumor promoter in the mouse skin initiation-promotion model. Female CD-1 mice were initiated with 200 nmol 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene and topically promoted three times weekly for 20 weeks with doses of 25, 50, 100, or 200 nmol mirex. Mirex promoted tumors at all dose levels in a dose-dependent manner. At 20 weeks, mice promoted with 25, 50, 100, and 200 nmol mirex developed an average of 0.2, 4, 10, and 16 tumors per mouse with a 10, 60, 93, and 96% incidence of tumor-bearing mice, respectively. With continued treatment to 34 weeks, mice promoted with 25, 50, and 100 nmol mirex developed an average of 0.7, 7, and 12 tumors per mouse with a 27, 85, and 100% incidence of tumor-bearing mice, respectively. These results demonstrate that mirex is a very effective tumor promoter in mouse skin. The effect of mirex on several biochemical and morphological events associated with tumor promotion was then investigated. Mirex did not stimulate epidermal protein kinase C activity in vitro. Unlike the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, a single topical application of mirex (200 nmol) did not increase [3H]thymidine incorporation into epidermal DNA up to 108 h after application. Furthermore, multiple applications of 200 nmol mirex (3 times weekly for 4 weeks) resulted in only a very weak proliferative response; mirex increased the number of nucleated epidermal cell layers from 1 to 2 in acetone-treated controls to 2 to 3 while 2 nmol 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate produced 6 to 7 nucleated cell layers. Mirex (200 nmol) did not induce ornithine decarboxylase activity up to 56 h after a single topical application. Collectively, these data indicate that mirex is a novel nonphorbol ester-type tumor promoter in mouse skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7633.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Smart
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006965:Hyperplasia; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008917:Mirex / Q000633:toxicity*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D008917:Mirex