title: A sequence motif found in a Drosophila heterochromatin protein is conserved in animals and plants.
abstract: Modifiers of position-effect-variegation in Drosophila encode proteins that are thought to modify chromatin, rendering it heritably changed in its expressibility. In an attempt to identify similar modifier genes in other species we have utilized a known sequence homology, termed chromo box, between a suppressor of position-effect-variegation, Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), and a repressor of homeotic genes, Polycomb (Pc). A PCR generated probe encompassing the HP1 chromo box was used to clone full-length murine cDNAs that contain conserved chromo box motifs. Sequence comparisons, in situ hybridization experiments, and RNA Northern blot analysis suggest that the murine and human sequences presented in this report are homologues of the Drosophila HP1 gene. Chromo box sequences can also be detected in other animal species, and in plants, predicting a strongly conserved structural role for the peptide encoded by this sequence. We propose that epigenetic (yet heritable) changes in gene expressibility, characteristic of chromosomal imprinting phenomena, can largely be explained by the action of such modifier genes. The evolutionary conservation of the chromo box motif now enables the isolation and study of putative modifier genes in those animal and plant species where chromosomal imprinting has been described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Babraham, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kothary
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paro
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gaunt
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D006570:Heterochromatin; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D006570:Heterochromatin; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA