title: Activation of the serotonergic system in chick spinal cord during hatching.
abstract: The objectives of the present study were to determine the levels of serotonin (5-HT), its major catabolic metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and norepinephrine (NE) in chick spinal cord before, during, and after hatching and also to determine if changes in the levels of these chemicals are directly related to the hatching behavior. The levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and NE were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in whole spinal cords of 20-day-old "pre-hatching" embryos, 21-day-old "normal hatching" embryos, 0-day-old "post-hatching" chicks, and 0-day-old "glass egg hatching" chicks. NE was measured but no significant differences were found in NE levels among experimental groups. The concentration of 5-HT was elevated in chick embryo spinal cords during normal hatching compared to pre-hatching embryos and post-hatching chicks. The concentration of 5-HIAA was elevated during and after normal hatching compared to pre-hatching embryos. However, neither 5-HT nor 5-HIAA levels were found to be elevated in chick spinal cords during glass egg hatching compared to pre-hatching embryos or post-hatching chicks. Therefore, there appears to be an activation of the serotonergic system in chick spinal cord related to the specific event of hatching but this activation is not directly related to the movements common to both hatching and glass egg hatching.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, University of Colorado, Boulder.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Desan
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Smock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D009638:Norepinephrine