title: Ion transport in the experimental short bowel syndrome of the rat.
abstract: The adaptational changes of epithelial ion transport in the short bowel syndrome were studied. Ileal remnants of rats were investigated 8 weeks after 70% proximal small intestinal resection. Pure epithelial resistance measured by impedance analysis decreased from 27 +/- 1 to 21 +/- 1 omega.cm2, and polyethylene glycol 4000 fluxes increased from 2.5 +/- 0.3 to 3.6 +/- 0.3 nmol.h-1.cm-2, indicating increased permeability of the short bowel. Unidirectional flux measurements in control ileum showed absorptive net fluxes of Na+ and Cl- that were assigned to electroneutral NaCl absorption and a short-circuit current that was accounted for by the residual flux (HCO3- secretion). Neither NaCl absorption nor HCO3- secretion were altered in the short bowel. Also, electrogenic Cl- secretion, defined after maximal stimulation by theophylline and prostaglandin E1 was not changed in the short bowel. In contrast, electrogenic Na+/glucose cotransport increased in Vmax from 2.0 +/- 0.3 in controls to 5.0 +/- 1.0 mumol.h-1.cm-2 in the short bowel. Tight junction structure was studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The number of horizontal strands was unchanged, whereas tight junction depth was slightly increased in the short bowel. Microvillus area of short bowels was increased by 20% in villus regions. Under the light microscope, villus height was increased by 30%. In conclusion, the short bowel mucosa undergoes adaptive responses to reduced overall absorptive area by increasing glucose-dependent electrogenic Na+ absorption to 250%, which is partly caused by increased villus and microvillus surface area. Electrogenic Cl- and HCO3- secretion and electroneutral NaCl absorption remained unchanged. The decreased epithelial resistance is caused by mucosal surface amplification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schulzke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fromm
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bentzel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeitz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Menge
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Riecken
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005614:Freeze Fracturing; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008871:Microvilli / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D004573:Electrolytes; D012964:Sodium; D005947:Glucose