title: Clinical classification of Swedish snuff dippers' lesions supported by histology.
abstract: From a total material of 184 Swedish users of loose packed moist snuff and 68 users of portion-bag packed moist snuff, cases were selected from subgroups based on a four-point clinical grading scale. The selected material for the study comprised 70 cases (ten from each clinical grade group, no Degree 4 lesion was found among portion-bag users). Features recognized in biopsies from these cases together with findings in previous studies correlated well with the use of a four-point scale for the grading of clinical changes, especially in the context of discriminating lesions for which special efforts should be undertaken to make the patient stop or change the snuff dipping habit and for selecting patients in whom regular clinical follow-up including a biopsy should be carried out. In this article is also discussed the labeling of the clinical oral mucosal changes seen at the site where a quid of snuff is regularly placed. The conceptual use of "snuff dippers' lesions" is recommended instead of e.g. snuff-induced leukoplakia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Axéll
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007633:Keratins; D008297:Male; D008938:Mitosis; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D013548:Sweden; D013997:Time Factors; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D007633:Keratins