title: Ionic currents of the nodal membrane underlying the fastest saltatory conduction in myelinated giant nerve fibers of the shrimp Penaeus japonicus.
abstract: The myelinated giant nerve fiber of the shrimp, Penaeus japonicus, is known to have the fastest velocity of saltatory impulse conduction among all nerve fibers so far studied, owing to its long distances between nodal regions and large diameter. For a better understanding of the basis of this fast conduction, a medial giant fiber of the ventral nerve cord of the shrimp was isolated, and ionic currents of its presynaptic membrane (a functional node) were examined using the sucrose-gap voltage-clamp method. Inward currents induced by depolarizing voltage pulses had a maximum value of 0.5 microA and a reversal potential of 120 mV. These currents were completely suppressed by tetrodotoxin and greatly prolonged by scorpion toxin, suggesting that they are the Na current. Both activation and inactivation kinetics of the Na current were unusually rapid in comparison with those of vertebrate nodes. According to a rough estimation of the excitable area, the density of Na current reached 500 mA/cm2. In many cases, the late outward currents were induced only by depolarizing pulses larger than 50 mV in amplitude. The slope conductance measured from late currents were mostly smaller than that measured from the Na current, suggesting a low density of K channels in the synaptic membrane. These characteristics are in good harmony with the fact that the presynaptic membrane plays a role as functional node in the fastest impulse conduction of this nerve fiber.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terakawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004594:Electrophysiology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013570:Synaptic Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D013757:Tetraethylammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D015221:Potassium Channels; D015222:Sodium Channels; D013757:Tetraethylammonium Compounds; D013779:Tetrodotoxin