Cardiac pacing in unilateral left superior vena cava: evaluation by digital angiography.
In a patient with complete heart block and chronic lymphocytic leukemia a pacemaker lead could not be introduced from either the right or left subclavian vein. Digital subtraction angiography excluded a neoplastic mediastinal mass, demonstrated a unilateral left superior vena cava and defined the best route for lead insertion.
Villani
G Q
GQ
Department of Cardiology, General Hospital, Piacenza, Italy.
Piepoli
M
M
Quaretti
P
P
Dieci
G
G
D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D006327:Heart Block / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging