title: Early amniocentesis: alphafetoprotein levels in amniotic fluid, extraembryonic coelomic fluid and maternal serum between 8 and 13 weeks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to establish a normal range of alphafetoprotein (AFP) concentrations in amniotic fluid from 8 to 12 weeks gestation, and to determine any difference between AFP levels in amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid.
  
  
  METHODS
  150 women had a transvaginal ultrasound guided amniocentesis before termination of an apparently normal first trimester pregnancy. Separately identified samples of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid were obtained and assayed by radioimmunoassay for AFP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In amniotic fluid, very high levels of AFP were present at 8 weeks, levels falling rapidly up to 10 weeks after which there was a slight rise. Thus over the period 8 to 10 weeks, there was a significant inverse correlation between amniotic fluid AFP and gestational age (r = 0.67; P less than 0.001). In extraembryonic coelomic fluid, by contrast there was no trend in AFP relative to gestational age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rapidly changing levels of AFP from 8 to 10 weeks as well as the small volume of the amniotic cavity makes the use of amniocentesis impracticable before 11 weeks gestation. The lack of any relation between AFP levels in amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid emphasises the importance of identifying the site of amniocentesis in the first trimester.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Wathen
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Cass
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kitau
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chard
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012016:Reference Values; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins