title: Reflection as a cause of mid-systolic deceleration of pulmonary flow wave in dogs with acute pulmonary hypertension: comparison of pulmonary artery constriction with pulmonary embolisation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to examine whether mid-systolic deceleration of the pulmonary flow wave occurred in acute pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary artery constriction and pulmonary embolisation, and if so whether it was related to reflection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various degrees of pulmonary hypertension were induced by both pulmonary artery constriction and pulmonary embolisation in dogs. During control periods and during pulmonary artery constriction and pulmonary embolisation, pulmonary flow and pulmonary artery pressure were recorded, and the forward and backward (reflected) flow waves were separated from the measured pulmonary flow wave by the method of Westerhof et al.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 adult mongrel dogs were used and 10 dogs qualified for analysis. The other 10 dogs, which died before both interventions were completed, were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During pulmonary artery constriction, a distinct mid-systolic deceleration of the pulmonary flow wave was observed in five of the 10 dogs, while during pulmonary embolisation, no mid-systolic deceleration was found in these five dogs. The distinct deceleration of the pulmonary flow wave was related to a steep fall and early negative peak in the backward flow wave.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mid-systolic deceleration of pulmonary flow wave is likely to be related to reflection.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furuno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013599:Systole; D014661:Vasoconstriction