title: Human astrocytes stimulate HIV-1 expression in a chronically infected promonocyte clone via interleukin-6.
abstract: Human promonocyte cells chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-1) (clone U1.1.5) were grown in the presence of media conditioned by human astrocytes and glioma cell lines U251 and 253. HIV-1 expression was assessed by measuring reverse transcriptase activity. All media conditioned by unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated glial cells induced HIV-1 expression and contained detectable levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). An antibody against IL-6, but not against TNF-alpha, reduced the induction of HIV-1 by the conditioned media in a concentration-dependent manner. The magnitude of HIV-1 induction by the conditioned media was proportional to the concentration of IL-6 in them. The data indicate that normal and transformed human astrocytes are capable of stimulating HIV-1 expression in chronically infected promonocytic cells by secreting IL-6. The results demonstrate that cytokines secreted by neural cells could play an important role in regulating HIV-1 expression in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vitković
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Major
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fauci
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D003470:Culture Media; D005910:Glioma / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000382:microbiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha