title: Hypoxia potentiates exercise-induced sympathetic neural activation in humans.
abstract: Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that hypoxia potentiates exercise-induced sympathetic neural activation in humans. In 15 young (20-30 yr) healthy subjects, lower leg muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, peroneal nerve; microneurography), venous plasma norepinephrine (PNE) concentrations, heart rate, and arterial blood pressure were measured at rest and in response to rhythmic handgrip exercise performed during normoxia or isocapnic hypoxia (inspired O2 concn of 10%). Study I (n = 7): Brief (3-4 min) hypoxia at rest did not alter MSNA, PNE, or arterial pressure but did induce tachycardia [17 +/- 3 (SE) beats/min; P less than 0.05]. During exercise at 50% of maximum, the increases in MSNA (346 +/- 81 vs. 207 +/- 14% of control), PNE (175 +/- 25 vs. 120 +/- 11% of control), and heart rate (36 +/- 2 vs. 20 +/- 2 beats/min) were greater during hypoxia than during normoxia (P less than 0.05), whereas the arterial pressure response was not different (26 +/- 4 vs. 25 +/- 4 mmHg). The increase in MSNA during hypoxic exercise also was greater than the simple sum of the separate responses to hypoxia and normoxic exercise (P less than 0.05). Study II (n = 8): In contrast to study I, during 2 min of exercise (30% max) performed under conditions of circulatory arrest and 2 min of postexercise circulatory arrest (local ischemia), the MSNA and PNE responses were similar during systemic hypoxia and normoxia. Arm ischemia without exercise had no influence on any variable during hypoxia or normoxia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Seals
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Fregosi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009638:Norepinephrine