title: Prevention of airway obstructions during sleep in infants with breath-holding spells by means of oral belladonna: a prospective double-blind crossover evaluation.
abstract: We investigated whether the brief airway obstructions seen during sleep in infants with breath-holding spells were controlled by the autonomic nervous system. We studied 20 infants, with a history of breath-holding spells and a median age of 12 wk (range 4-46 wk). During sleep they had a median of 6 airway obstructions per 10-hr recording (range 3-16 events), with a median duration of 8 sec (range 4-12 sec). No explanation was found for the airway obstructions. In every infant, a double-blind crossover challenge was conducted. It included oral administration of tincture of belladonna, equivalent to 0.01 mg/kg weight of atropine, and placebo syrup containing no belladonna. The belladonna, or the placebo, was administered at bedtime for 7 days, followed by a 7-day washout period. Another 7-day series of syrup administration was then undertaken. A nighttime polygraphic recording was made after each 7-day series. It was the belladonna, and not the placebo, that induced the disappearance of the obstructions in 10 infants; these were called "drug responsive". In 5 children no effect was observed after either the placebo or belladonna; these infants were defined as "drug unresponsive". In 4 subjects the obstructions disappeared after both belladonna and the placebo; the children were considered to have an "inconclusive response". One infant was excluded from the study because he developed an airway infection. It is concluded that in some breath-holding infants, obstructed breathing episodes during sleep disappear after the administration of an atropinic drug. The observation could indicate a role of the autonomic nervous system in the control of the upper airways during sleep in infants.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Sleep Unit, University Children's Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rebuffat
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sottiaux
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bochner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grosswasser
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001533:Belladonna Alkaloids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000187:drug effects; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D001533:Belladonna Alkaloids