title: Neonatal congenital diaphragmatic hernia and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the outcome of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) presenting early who were referred for possible extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen infants referred to our program since its introduction, in February 1989; 13 received ECMO. The criterion for ECMO was the presence of an oxygen index of more than 40 on three occasions within 2 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  ECMO was performed by means of cannulation of the right carotid artery and jugular vein for 111.0 hours on average.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 5 of the 13 infants who underwent ECMO the procedure was performed after surgical repair; all were successfully weaned off ECMO, and the cannula was removed without incident. In the remaining eight ECMO was started before surgical repair; of the six who received it during repair four ultimately survived. None of the previously described predictors of outcome for CDH, including diagnosis before 25 weeks' gestation (in six cases), were useful in determining the survival of the patients. Bleeding was the most common complication and cause of death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECMO is associated with survival in infants with CDH who fail to respond to conventional therapy and who have a poor prognosis according to previously established criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Newborn Medicine, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Finer
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tierney
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hallgren
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peliowski
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Etches
mesh_terms: D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000151:congenital / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D011300:Preoperative Care; D013997:Time Factors