title: Visual fields in 4- to 10-year-old children using Goldmann and double-arc perimeters.
abstract: We report the comparison of field extent measured using two kinetic perimeters: 1) a double-arc perimeter developed by van Hof-van Duin for use in infants and young children, and 2) the standard Goldmann apparatus. Targets used were the V-4-e target on the Goldmann and both 2- and 6-degree targets on the double-arc perimeter. Visual fields were measured by assessing looking responses toward targets presented in a pseudorandom order at 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees, and 315 degrees. Fifty-six children (mean age: 6.8 years, range: 4 to 10 years) were tested, with retests undertaken in 20%. The extent of total field size was highly correlated among the three tests (P less than .001) and test-retest reliability was high for all three targets (P less than .001). Our previous observation of continued growth with age in visual field extent using the 6-degree target in 4- to 10-year-old children was confirmed and also seen with the 2-degree target in arc perimetry and with the V-4-e in the Goldmann apparatus. Kinetic perimetry using a double-arc perimeter with 2- and 6-degree target sizes appears reliable and comparable, in the four meridia tested, to conventional kinetic perimetry techniques in 4- to 10-year-old children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fea
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Minguini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014787:Vision Tests; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*