title: Timing relationships for secondary ischemia in rodents: the effect of arteriovenous obstruction.
abstract: The first ischemic insult a tissue suffers is primary (1 degree) ischemia. A second ischemic episode, such as thrombosis after free tissue transfer, may be regarded as secondary (2 degrees) ischemia. Timing relationships were studied in a rodent epigastric-flap model. In a first experiment, the interval between 1 degree ischemia and 2 degrees ischemia was varied. Flaps which had 2 degrees ischemia 12 and 36 hr after the 1 degree episode, had decreased ischemic tolerance, compared with 1 degree ischemic flaps; 2 degrees ischemic flaps, after an interval of 72 hr, had an ischemic tolerance similar to 1 degree ischemic flaps. In a second experiment, the length of the 1 degree ischemia was varied. It was found that as little as 5 min of 1 degree ischemia significantly decreased the subsequent tolerance of 2 degrees ischemia. The possible clinical significance of these results is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Angel
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Biavati
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Mellow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wanebo
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Amiss
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006085:Graft Survival; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors