title: Bend force systems.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mavreas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Melsen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods