title: Effects of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and glial precursors in vitro.
abstract: Microglia and astrocytes undergo proliferative and differentiative changes in vivo after trauma or diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Oligodendrocytes are destroyed in lesions in MS. Interleukin-1 (IL1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) are involved in inflammation of the central nervous system and are elevated in MS. We have investigated the changes in cell morphology and cell number induced by IL1 and TNF alpha in purified and mixed populations of primary rat brain microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and glial precursors. Depending on the target population, proliferation, differentiation, or inhibition of cultured cells was observed. The data also suggest that interactions among cell populations occur and support the hypothesis that IL1 and TNF alpha effects may be indirect, possibly through induction of other factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Reed Neurological Research Center, UCLA School of Medicine.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Merrill
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000494:pharmacology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007213:Indomethacin