title: Cardiac abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rheumatic diseases unit of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteer sample comprising 83% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus followed annually in the rheumatic disease unit (93 patients; mean age 46 +/- 13 years; female 79, male 14). These patients were age-matched with 16 female control volunteers (mean age 43 +/- 5 years) recruited from hospital staff.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electrocardiograms, two-dimensional echocardiograms and radionuclide angiograms were performed in patients and controls. Anticardiolipin antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At least one cardiac abnormality was detected in 44 of 93 systemic lupus erythematosus patients (47%). These abnormalities included: aortic valve thickening 12%; mitral valve thickening, prolapse, vegetations or stenosis 23%; left ventricular segmental dysfunction 4%; left ventricular global hypokinesis 4%; right ventricular hypokinesis 4%; left ventricular hypertrophy 14%; left ventricular diastolic dysfunction 16%; and pericardial effusion 2%. Three of the 16 controls (19%) had cardiac abnormalities consisting of mitral valve prolapse (one), right ventricular hypokinesis (one) and pericardial effusion (one). Cardiac abnormalities were more common in the systemic lupus erythematosus group compared with controls (47% versus 19%, P less than 0.05). Raised anticardiolipin antibodies were specific (88%) but not sensitive (33%) for the presence of cardiac abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Renal disease and prednisone therapy were more common in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with cardiac involvement than in such patients without evidence of cardiac disease (40% versus 16%, P = 0.03; and 81% versus 59%, P = 0.04, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac abnormalities can be identified noninvasively in 47% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cujec
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sibley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011875:Radionuclide Angiography