title: Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent effects of adenosine diphosphate in renovascular hypertension.
abstract: Norepinephrine-induced responses in isolated perfused mesenteric vascular bed from normotensive and renovascular hypertensive rats were examined in the presence of adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 2 x 10(-6) M). Responses to norepinephrine were significantly greater in vessels from hypertensive rats. Norepinephrine-induced contractions increased after the removal of endothelium. N omega-Nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG), a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide formation, similarly increased contractions. The greatest responses were obtained, however, after treatment of the vascular segments with methylene blue. The presence of ADP caused significant endothelium-dependent decreases in contractions. Although decreases caused by ADP in vessels with endothelium after treatment with L-NOARG were not statistically significant, a tendency to decreased responses seems to suggest that L-NOARG diminishes but does not completely prevent the effect of ADP in mesenteric vessels. Methylene blue partially reduced the endothelium-dependent ADP-induced relaxant effects in sham-operated nephrectomized rats. A tendency to increased contractions to norepinephrine was observed in the presence of ADP after removal of endothelium. Thus, in the mesenteric resistance arteries of the rat under stimulation by ADP, it appears that nitric oxide released from L-arginine and the activity of soluble guanylate cyclase account only in part for the endothelium-dependent decreased responses to norepinephrine. When nitric oxide formation or soluble guanylate cyclase activity are depressed simultaneously with endothelium damage, ADP released from platelets or red blood cells may be an important factor that acts synergically with vasoconstrictor stimuli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Bissoli
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Carvalhinho
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cabral
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects; D008642:Mesenteric Veins / Q000187:drug effects; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D009638:Norepinephrine