title: Incidence of lymphomas and other cancers in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients with hemophilia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the types and rates of cancers occurring in excess in the presence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort analytic study of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected subjects followed for up to 12 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen hemophilia treatment centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1701 patients with hemophilia, of whom 1065 (63%) were HIV-1 seropositive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morphologic classification and incidence rates of cancers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after HIV seroconversion averaged 0.15 case per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08 to 0.25) and rose exponentially with increasing duration of HIV infection. Although the greatest absolute risk of lymphoma was in the oldest age group, the relative increase compared with general population rates was 38-fold in subjects 10 to 39 years old and 12-fold in older subjects (P less than .05). The CD4+ T-lymphocyte levels for lymphoma cases were similar to HIV-positive subjects without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had been infected for the same length of time. The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma was increased 200-fold (95% CI, 20 to 700). The incidence of cancers other than non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma were not increased in the HIV-positive subjects (ratio of observed to expected cases, 0.9 [95% CI, 0.4 to 1.9]). The HIV-negative subjects had no significant increase in cancer incidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV infection has restricted effects on cancer incidence that are only partly explained by immunosuppression. Paradoxically, improvements in therapy of HIV infection that prolong survival may lead to further increases in HIV-associated lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Viral Epidemiology Section, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rabkin
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hilgartner
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hedberg
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Aledort
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatzakis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eichinger
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Eyster
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lederman
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology