title: Tyrosine and N-carbamoyl-tyrosine in end-stage renal disease during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: Lower-than-normal tyrosine concentrations of unexplained pathogenesis in plasma and intracellular body water have been reported in patients with chronic renal failure. We found a derivative of tyrosine that is not measured by the usual methods of amino-acid analysis because its alpha-amino group is blocked and cannot react to form other derivatives. An in vivo covalent reaction with urea-derived cyanate forms alpha-amino-carbamoyl-tyrosine (N-C-Tyr) in patients with end-stage renal disease. A longitudinal study of patients with end-stage renal disease who were treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis shows that plasma that is obtained within 4 hours of the morning meal contains 70.1 +/- 6 mumol/L of tyrosine (mean +/- SEM) and 77.2 +/- 12 mumol/L of N-C-Tyr (mean +/- SEM). Thus there is a molecule of N-C-Tyr for each molecule of tyrosine present. The carbamoylation index or ratio of N-C-Tyr to tyrosine, blood urea nitrogen, episodes of peritonitis, and changes in dialysis protocol were compared. A reduction in the number of peritoneal dialysis exchanges resulted in parallel increases in carbamoylation index and blood urea nitrogen. Altering dialysis by increasing the number of exchanges or adding supplemental hemodialysis resulted in a decrease in the carbamoylation index with a delayed decrease in blood urea nitrogen. We found a significant increase of N-C-Tyr (p = 0.005) and of the carbamoylation index (p = 0.004) during six episodes of peritonitis compared with 10 periods of no peritonitis in two patients who had multiple episodes of peritonitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kraus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014443:Tyrosine; D014508:Urea; C071925:N-carbamoyl-tyrosine