title: Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a new transdermal delivery system with a time-dependent release of glyceryl trinitrate.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and its main metabolites as well as the hemodynamic effects of a new transdermal delivery system (TDS) were investigated in ten healthy male volunteers using a single blind, placebo-controlled study design with an application period of active drug of 4 successive days. The adhesive-type matrix system contains 20-mg GTN and released about 75% in a time-dependent manner. The plasma concentrations of GTN and its metabolites 1-2- and 1-3 glyceryl dinitrate reflected the time-dependent release with higher plasma concentrations during the first 12 hours than during the second 12 hours. Continuous administration of the TDS, which released 15 mg GTN/day, caused an accumulation of GTN in the plasma (about 70% greater AUC at the fourth day in comparison with the first day). The total effect per dose on the a/b-ratio of the digital pulse (height of the peak of the systolic wave divided by height of the peak of the dicrotic wave) and the reflex tachycardia were diminished by about 50% and 37%, respectively, at the fourth treatment day. The effect on systolic blood pressure measured under orthostatic conditions was blunted already 8 hours after the first application. The effect of sublingually administered GTN on digital pulse was attenuated during administration and also 1 hour after removal of the last TDS. The effect was restored 8 to 12 hours after removal of the TDS. Thus, the discontinuous release of GTN from the new system does not prevent the decline of hemodynamic efficacy during continuous therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Benedikt Kreutz Rehabilitationszentrum, Bad Krozingen, FRG.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiegand
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trenk
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jähnchen
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; C014509:dinitroglycerol; D005996:Nitroglycerin