title: Livestock poisoning from oil field drilling fluids, muds and additives.
abstract: The use and potential toxicity of various components of oil well drilling fluids, muds and additives are presented. Many components are extremely caustic resulting in rumenitis. Solvent and petroleum hydrocarbon components may cause aspiration pneumonia and rumen dysfunction. Some additives cause methemoglobinemia. The most frequently encountered heavy metals are lead, chromium, arsenic, lithium and copper. Considerations for investigating livestock poisoning cases and several typical cases are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Gregory
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010578:Petroleum / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D010578:Petroleum