title: The third chromophore of DNA photolyase: Trp-277 of Escherichia coli DNA photolyase repairs thymine dimers by direct electron transfer.
abstract: Photolyases repair pyrimidine dimers in DNA by converting the light energy of 300- to 500-nm photons into chemical energy. Enzymes from various organisms contain two chromophore cofactors (FADH2 and either methenyltetrahydrofolate or 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin) that absorb the low-energy photons and initiate splitting of the cyclobutane ring by a radical mechanism. Here, we show that, in addition to these two chromophores, in the far UV range, direct excitation of one specific tryptophan residue (out of 15 total) in the polypeptide chain of Escherichia coli photolyase leads to splitting of the cyclobutane ring with high quantum yield (phi = 0.56), independent of the other chromophores. The specific tryptophan residue responsible for photosensitized repair was identified as Trp-277 by site-specific mutagenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sancar
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D004260:DNA Repair; D004255:Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide / Q000737:chemistry; D008027:Light; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; D014364:Tryptophan; D004255:Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase