title: A conductive polymer sensor for measuring external finger forces.
abstract: This paper describes the construction and use of a durable and thin force sensor that can be attached to the palmar surface of the fingers and hands for studying the biomechanics of grasp and for use in hand injury rehabilitation. These force sensors were constructed using a modified commercially available conductive polymer pressure sensing element and installing an epoxy dome for directing applied forces through a 12 mm diameter active sensing area. The installation of an epoxy dome was effective for making the sensors insensitive to contact surfaces varying from 25 to 1100 mm2 and a 16 mm radius surface curved convex towards the finger. The completed sensors were only 1.8 mm thick and capable of being taped to the distal phalangeal finger pads. They were calibrated on the hand by pinching a strain gage dynamometer. The useful range was between 0 and 30 N with an accuracy of 1 N for both static loading and normal dynamic grasp activities. The sensor time constant was 0.54 ms for a step force input. Because of varying offset voltages every time the sensors were attached, these sensors should be calibrated on the hand before each use. The sensors were used for measuring finger forces during controlled pinching and lifting tasks, and during ordinary grasping activities, such as picking up a book or a box, where the useful force range and response for these sensors were adequate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Radwin
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Webster
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004566:Electrodes; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology*; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D011108:Polymers; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers