title: Relation of coronary heart disease and apolipoprotein E phenotype in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relation between coronary heart disease and the apolipoprotein E phenotypes in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  District around Kuopio University Central Hospital, East Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  138 men with non-insulin dependent diabetes and 64 men without diabetes as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apolipoprotein E phenotype, electrocardiographic abnormalities, other signs of coronary heart disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalences of definite myocardial infarction and ischaemic electrocardiographic changes were highest in the diabetic men with the phenotypes E4/4 or E4/3 (25% (95% confidence interval 18% to 32%) and 50% (42% to 58%) respectively), although the difference between the phenotype groups was not significant. The prevalence of angina pectoris was 69% (61% to 77%) in men with the phenotypes E4/4 or E4/3 (p = 0.005 compared with other phenotypes), 41% (33% to 49%) in men with phenotype E3/3, and 47% (39% to 55%) in those with phenotypes E2/2 or E2/3. Similarly, the simultaneous presence of angina pectoris and ischaemic electrocardiographic changes was highest in the diabetic men with the phenotypes E4/4 or E4/3 (42% v 22% in those with E3/3 and 29% in those with E2/2, E2/3; p = 0.038). Overall, the prevalence of any evidence of coronary heart disease among the diabetic subjects with the phenotypes E4/4 or E4/3 was 81% (p = 0.011 compared with other phenotypes), 58% in those with phenotype E3/3, and 53% in those with phenotypes E2/2 or E3/3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apolipoprotein E phenotypes E4/4 and E4/3 modulate the risk of coronary heart disease in men with non-insulin dependent diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laakso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kesäniemi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kervinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jauhiainen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pyörälä
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000209:etiology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E