title: Inhibition of urea tubular reabsorption by PGE1 infusion in man.
abstract: We have shown that the inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in man decreases the fractional clearance of urea (FCurea). To understand the mechanism(s) by which PG affect the renal handling of urea, 6 normal volunteers were randomly studied in maximal antidiuresis (by water deprivation and by administering 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) before and during PGE1 infusion, in two separate occasions: (A) after 7 days of normal protein (1 g/kg b.w./day) and water intake (10 ml/kg b.w./day), and (B) after 7 days of low protein intake (0.5 g/kg b.w./day) and high water intake (80 ml/kg b.w./day) to lower the corticomedullary osmotic gradient. During infusion of PGE1 at rates of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 micrograms/min/kg, randomly administered, the urinary fluid losses were replaced by infusing equal volumes of hypotonic NaCl (80 mmol/l). To evaluate the time effects of this protocol, control studies were performed in an other 8 subjects receiving vehicle infusion without PGE1. In study A, FCurea rose by 23% (p less than 0.01) at the lowest PGE1 infusion rate (0.01 micrograms/min/kg), in the absence of any simultaneous change in water and salt output, Uosm, PAH and inulin clearance. Higher PGE1 infusion rates (0.05 and 0.1 micrograms/min/kg) were associated with a progressive increase of FCurea (50%, p less than 0.001 and 91%, p less than 0.001, respectively), fractional clearance of water and salt output, inulin and PAH clearance and reduced Uosm from 1,005 (22 SEM; basal value) to 772 (38 SEM; minimum value) mosm/kg (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cianciaruso
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Nicola
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sepe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Domenico
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caglioti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fuiano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dal Canton
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D000328:Adult; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000527:Alprostadil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D014508:Urea / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D014867:Water; D000450:Aldosterone; D014508:Urea; D012964:Sodium; D012083:Renin; D000527:Alprostadil