title: Middle-ear muscle activity (MEMA) and its association with motor activity in the extremities and head in sleep.
abstract: Middle-ear muscle activity (MEMA) in sleep was simultaneously recorded from both ears using extratympanic manometry. Head movement, speech movements, ankle flexion and wrist movement were monitored by electromyographic recording using surface electrodes at the back of the neck, second laryngeal notch, anterior tibialis and forearm muscle. Motor events recorded from these electrode placements were examined for correlation with MEMA to test the hypothesis that the middle-ear muscles are activated in conjunction with other motor activities, aside from eye movements, by a central motor command system. Phi coefficients were calculated for each subject; all were positive, thus indicating an association between MEMA and other noneye movement motor events. These results suggest that there is a central phasic motor system responsible for MEMA and associated phasic motor activity in sleep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Slegel
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Zarcone
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Schubert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology