title: Caudal blockade for postoperative analgesia: a useful adjunct to intramuscular opiates following emergency lower leg orthopaedic surgery.
abstract: The efficacy of a single caudal epidural injection of bupivacaine 20 ml 0.5% following emergency orthopaedic surgery to the lower leg and ankle was investigated. Forty adult patients were studied, randomised to either the caudal or control group. The mean 24 hour postoperative papaveretum consumption was significantly reduced in the caudal group. Analogue pain scores as assessed in a double-blind manner were also significantly reduced in this group. The duration of analgesia after caudal blockade was approximately eight hours as estimated by the average time to the first dose of papaveretum. Our study demonstrates that caudal blockade represents an effective adjunct to intramuscular opiates following this type of surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics, Fremantle Hospital, Western Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McCrirrick
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Ramage
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000842:Ankle / Q000601:surgery*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007866:Leg / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block; D009892:Opium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012447:Sacrum; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009892:Opium; D002045:Bupivacaine