title: The effect of pituitary suppression and the women's age on embryo viability and uterine receptivity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of pituitary suppression and the women's age on embryo viability and uterine receptivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 394 embryo transfers (ET) after in vitro fertilization (IVF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Community hospital IVF program from 1986 to 1990.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups were studied: women less than 40 years with pituitary suppression (group 1) and without pituitary suppression (group 2); women 40 years of age and older with pituitary suppression (group 3).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pituitary suppression was achieved in groups 1 and 3 with daily leuprolide acetate starting in the luteal phase; human menopausal gonadotropin and progesterone were given intramuscularly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ongoing and multiple ongoing pregnancy rates (PRs) were compared in the three groups. A mathematical model of implantation was used to estimate embryo viability and uterine receptivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ongoing and multiple ongoing PRs per ET in group 1 (28.6% and 12.3%) were significantly higher than the corresponding rates in group 2 (16.9% and 2.4%) and in group 3 (16.9% and 3.4%). Implantation analysis revealed higher embryo viability without change in uterine receptivity with pituitary suppression (group 1 versus 2). Decrease in both embryo viability and uterine receptivity was noted in women greater than 40 (group 1 versus 3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Pituitary suppression improved implantation outcome by increasing embryo viability with no change in uterine receptivity and was associated with a high multiple PR in women less than 40; (2) in women greater than 40 both embryo viability and, to a lesser extent, uterine receptivity were decreased; (3) transfer of a larger number of embryos in older patients may improve IVF outcome without excessive risk of multiple pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Alta Bates In Vitro Fertilization Program, Alta Bates-Herrick Hospital, Berkeley, California 94705.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Chetkowski
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rode
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Burruel
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Nass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D014599:Uterus / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D016729:Leuprolide