Two examples of ancient skull surgery.
The author, while a research illustrator at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, studied two ancient skulls from the Incan period in Peru, both with trephination. Her conclusions and illustrations of the skulls are included in this paper.
Froeschner
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D003399:Craniotomy / Q000266:history*; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008488:Medical Illustration; D010568:Peru; D014207:Trephining / Q000266:history*