title: The predominant form of secreted colony stimulating factor-1 is a proteoglycan.
abstract: Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is a homodimeric glycoprotein that humorally regulates the proliferation and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytic cells and locally regulates cells of the female reproductive tract. Alternative splicing of the human CSF-1 mRNA leads to alternative expression of the CSF-1 homodimer as a secreted glycoprotein or as a membrane-spanning molecule with cell surface biological activity. In the present study, analysis of immunoaffinity-purified CSF-1 from mouse L929 cell medium by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated that CSF-1 is predominantly secreted as highly sulfated species of 375- and 250-kDa with a smaller amount of a 100-kDa species. Analysis by gel filtration in 4 M guanidine HCI buffer, indicated that, in contrast to the 100-kDa species, the highly sulfated species exhibit anomalously high molecular weights and self-association on SDS-PAGE similar to the dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, biglycan. The three predominant CSF-1 species were shown to be an 80-kDa homodimer, an 80-kDa/50-kDa heterodimer, and a 50-kDa homodimer. The 80-kDa subunit contained a single 18-kDa chondroitin sulfate chain that was absent from the 50-kDa subunit. Furthermore, treatment of the 80- and 50-kDa subunits, synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin, with chondroitinase ABC, neuraminidase, and endo-alpha-N-acetyl galactosaminidase reduced their apparent molecular masses to 60 and 25 kDa, respectively. These results are consistent with intracellular proteolytic cleavage of the 80-kDa chondroitin sulfate containing subunits from the membrane spanning CSF-1 precursor at a point carboxyl-terminal to the single consensus sequence for glycosaminoglycan addition and cleavage of the 50-kDa glycoprotein subunit at a position aminoterminal to this site. The predominance of the proteoglycan form of secreted CSF-1, which represents only 3-4% of the total trichloroacetic acid-precipitable counts released from 35SO4(2-)-labeled L cells, has important implications for regulation by this growth factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461.
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Stanley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000737:chemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006031:Glycosylation; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007739:L Cells; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D004229:Dithiothreitol