title: Dream of absent-minded transgression: an empirical study of a cognitive withdrawal symptom.
abstract: Among 293 smokers abstinent for between 1 and 4 weeks, 33% reported having at least 1 dream about smoking. In most dreams, subjects caught themselves smoking and felt strong negative emotions, such as panic and guilt. Dreams about smoking were the result of tobacco withdrawal, as 97% of subjects did not have them while smoking, and their occurrence was significantly related to the duration of abstinence. They were rated as more vivid than the usual dreams and were as common as most major tobacco withdrawal symptoms. In subjects abstinent for 1 year, 63% recalled having dreams about smoking. They had on average 5 of them, and about a quarter occurred after the 6th month of abstinence. Having dreams about smoking was prospectively positively related to maintenance of abstinence. An explanation of this finding based on the association of smoking in dreams with aversive emotions is offered.
authors.affiliation: Imperial Cancer Research Fund Health Behaviour Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hajek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belcher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004325:Dreams; D005260:Female; D006167:Guilt; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine