title: Hospital variables associated with quality of care for breast cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the degree of compliance with clinical standards among hospitals for care of breast cancer patients and account for variations in compliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of cancer registry data submitted to the American Cancer Society, Illinois Division, Chicago, for a concurrent prospective descriptive study of breast cancer, supplemented by other hospital data from public sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-nine Illinois hospitals evenly distributed among rural counties, counties with small cities outside the Chicago metropolitan area, exurban counties in the Chicago metropolitan area, suburban Cook County, and urban Chicago.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 5766 newly diagnosed patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer in 1988, representing 84% of the estimated 6900 new cases in the state for that year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses of five dependent quality variables from clinical indicators related to early diagnosis, hormone receptor determination, adjuvant therapy, radiation therapy, and axillary lymph node dissection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the hospitals studied, (1) late stage (IIb through IV) at diagnosis was associated with urban location, higher proportion of poorly insured patients, fewer breast cancer cases treated, and lower oncology charges (proportion of variance explained, R2 = .50, P less than .00001); (2) omission of hormone receptor test for stages II through IV was associated with urban location and higher proportion of poorly insured patients (R2 = .18, P less than .00003); and (3) omission of indicated radiation therapy was associated with urban location and fewer breast cancer cases (R2 = .21, P less than .00001). Omission of adjuvant therapy and omission of axillary lymph node dissection were not significantly associated with any of the hospital variables examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that there is a group of urban hospitals, generally small and marginally reimbursed, where comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are not obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago College of Medicine.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hand
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Imperato
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chmiel
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sylvester
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fremgen
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000592:standards; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006780:Hospitals, Rural / Q000592:standards; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000592:standards; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois; D016522:Oncology Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012042:Registries