title: Plasma levels of oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline in pigs after oral administration in feed.
abstract: Steady-state plasma levels were determined for oxytetracycline (OTC), doxycycline (DC), and minocycline (MC) after medication with different in-feed concentrations. Each concentration of the three tetracyclines was examined in six pigs. The animals were housed in individual pens and fed twice daily with an interval of 12 h. All pigs consumed their feed within 1 h after it was provided. Concentrations of 400, 800, 1,600, and 2,400 mg of OTC per kilogram of feed induced steady-state plasma levels ranging from .13 to .22, .19 to .50, .39 to 1.43, and 1.41 to 2.14 micrograms/ml, respectively. On a feed intake basis, pigs received 13, 26, 54 to 81, and 108 mg of OTC per kilogram of BW per day, respectively. Steady-state plasma levels after medication with 200, 400, and 800 mg of DC or MC per kilogram of feed ranged from .37 to .89, .71 to 1.14, and 1.62 to 3.18 micrograms/ml for DC and from .21 to .60, .43 to 1.05, and 1.19 to 2.62 micrograms/ml for MC. Pigs consumed 7, 13, and 26 mg of DC and 9, 18, and 36 mg of MC per kilogram of BW per day, respectively. For all three tetracyclines there was an increase in steady-state plasma levels when concentrations in feed or per kilogram of BW increased. Plasma levels were determined with both a HPLC method and a microbiological method. A good correlation existed between the results obtained by both methods. It was concluded that based on plasma levels and known in vitro activity DC and MC could be good alternatives for OTC to treat respiratory tract infections in pigs.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Herd Health and Reprod., State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pijpers
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Schoevers
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haagsma
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Verheijden
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008911:Minocycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008911:Minocycline; D004318:Doxycycline; D010118:Oxytetracycline