Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
We have prepared conjugates of pneumococcal type 4 polysaccharides (PS4) or oligosaccharides to tetanus toxoid using the carbodiimide method. The use of a spacer, 6-aminohexanoic acid, resulted in higher incorporation of carrier protein. Conjugates contained up to 10% free polysaccharide, but no free protein. In general, polysaccharide conjugates induced higher anti-PS4 IgG antibody titers than oligosaccharide conjugates. Conjugates with the highest amount of incorporated protein were the most immunogenic. The response to conjugated PS4 does show characteristics of a T cell-dependent antibody response, in terms of both isotype distribution and induction of immunological memory. Repeated immunization with high doses of PS4TT conjugate resulted in a virtually negative anti-PS4 IgG response, suggestive of the induction of high dose tolerance.
Peeters
C C
CC
Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Children and Youth Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Tenbergen-Meekes
A M
AM
Haagmans
B
B
Evenberg
D
D
Poolman
J T
JT
Zegers
B J
BJ
Rijkers
G T
GT
D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007122:Immunoelectrophoresis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000737:chemistry; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic