Resting energy expenditure, caloric intake, and short-term weight change in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
To assess the causes of short-term weight loss in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we measured resting energy expenditure (REE), caloric intake, and the 28-d weight trend in control subjects, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ subjects, AIDS patients, and AIDS patients during secondary infection (AIDS-SI). REE was increased in HIV+ (11%), AIDS (25%), and AIDS-SI (29%). Caloric intake was similar in control subjects, HIV+, and AIDS but reduced 36% in AIDS-SI, who consumed 17% fewer calories than their REE. Average short-term weight was stable for HIV+ and AIDS but decreased 5% in AIDS-SI. Weight trend correlated with caloric intake but not with REE. Thus HIV+ and AIDS are able to partially compensate for increased REE because they do not show short-term weight loss. Decreased caloric intake is critical for short-term weight loss and is seen during secondary infection. Inability of decreased caloric intake to decrease REE during infection accelerates short-term weight loss. Rapid weight loss with anorexia may be a harbinger of secondary infection in AIDS.
Grunfeld
C
C
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
Pang
M
M
Shimizu
L
L
Shigenaga
J K
JK
Jensen
P
P
Feingold
K R
KR
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001835:Body Weight; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D012146:Rest; D013997:Time Factors
D016207:Cytokines