title: Venturi pressure cannot cause cavitation in mechanical heart valve prostheses.
abstract: Surface pitting of certain mechanical heart valve (MHV) explants has prompted investigation into possible causes of cavitation during MHV operation. Leaflets of a 29 mm MHV were glued shut with B-datum (BD) gaps fixed at 0.0089, 0.0174, and 0.0219 cm. Each BD gap setting was tested in a steady flow chamber, with leakage flow established at transvalvular pressures (delta P) of 20 to 200 mmHg. Laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) velocity measurements were recorded 220 microns distal to the BD, along with leakage flowrates. Maximum LDV velocities were compared with those calculated using the mass conservation equation. At identical P, the LDV flow velocities for the three BD settings were found to be approximately equal. This indicates a geometric independence of the leakage flow velocity. At atmospheric pressure, the local velocity necessary to cavitate blood as a liquid is approximately 13 m/sec. These results demonstrate that the leakage velocity is insufficient to cause cavitation. A simplified theoretical model is proposed to illustrate the necessary delta P to produce Venturi related cavitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Memphis State University, Tennessee 38152.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: G X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation