title: In vitro quantification of regurgitant jet flow by color Doppler ultrasound and conservation of momentum.
abstract: Prosthetic valve regurgitant jets can be imaged with color Doppler ultrasound (CDU), but clinical quantitation remains elusive. An equation based on an integrated conservation of momentum analysis was implemented for CDU quantitation of regurgitation. This was compared with a simple, non-CDU momentum balance analysis recently reported that requires only a pulsed Doppler ultrasound (PDU) reading within the jet and a continuous wave Doppler (CWD) reading of the orifice velocity. For in vitro steady flows, the simple, non-CDU method was accurate only with PDU readings taken 5 cm from the orifice; flows were underestimated when readings 1 and 3 cm from the orifice were used. The CDU method was accurate, even when flows calculated from readings between 0.5 and 6.0 cm from the orifice were averaged together.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Surgery Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Burté
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008838:Microcomputers; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular