title: Selective effects of alcohol on electrodermal indices of orienting reflexes to signal and nonsignal stimuli.
abstract: Effects of a moderate dose of alcohol on the electrodermal orienting reflexes evoked by novel signal, novel nonsignal, and common nonsignal stimuli were assessed. Social drinkers were randomly assigned to the four cells of a balanced placebo design, with 10 males and 10 females per group. They drank a beverage consisting of either tonic water only, or tonic water plus enough vodka to raise blood alcohol levels to approximately .05%. Following drinking and absorption periods, spontaneous and evoked skin conductance responses (SCRs) were recorded. Subjects pressed a footpedal whenever they heard an odd stimulus tone in a series. Alcohol increased the frequency of spontaneous SCRs, increased the number of incorrect pedal-press responses, and selectively enhanced SCRs evoked by the signal tone, p less than .05. Results are interpreted in terms of a hypothesized selective effect of alcohol on frontal cortical inhibitory functions.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lyvers
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maltzman
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol