Prevalence and treatment of insomnia in the community: results from the Upper Bavarian Field Study.
In the Upper Bavarian Field Study a total of 1,536 persons (15 yr of age and older) were interviewed by research psychiatrists. The prevalence of insomnia (last 7 days) identified with the aid of the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS) was 28.5% (mild: 15.0%; moderate/severe: 13.5%). For both sexes sleep disorders increased with age. The female preponderance of insomnia was mainly associated with the middle and older age groups. In contrast to other psychiatric disorders, sleep disturbances were not associated with social class. Moderate/severe insomnia was strongly related to psychiatric diagnoses, the use of psychiatric in- and outpatient services and general hospitals. It also constituted a significant burden for the primary-care physicians, whereby the average annual consultation rate among mild (10.61) and moderate/severe insomniacs (12.87) was significantly higher compared to that for those without sleep disorders (5.25). A total of 33.7% of the insomniacs were treated with hypnotic and/or other psychotropic drugs during the week prior to the interview, whereby the drug consumption among moderate/severe insomniacs (48.5%) was significantly higher than that of mild insomniacs (20.4%).
Weyerer
S
S
Central Institute of Mental Health in Mannheim, FRG.
Dilling
H
H
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D012803:Sick Role; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs