title: Expression, regulation, and tissue distribution of the Ch21 protein during chicken embryogenesis.
abstract: The Ch21 protein is one of the marker proteins whose synthesis and secretion by differentiating tibia chondrocytes is progressively increased during chicken embryogenesis (Descalzi-Cancedda, F., Manduca, P., Tacchetti, C., Fossa, P., Quarto, R. and Cancedda, R. (1988) J. Cell Biol. 107, 2455-2463). We report the corresponding full-length cDNA sequence and the complete primary structure of the protein, which contains a 20-residue signal peptide. The synthesis of the protein is directed by a 1450-base mRNA characterized by an unusually long 5'-untranslated leader sequence and is regulated only at the transcriptional level as shown by run-off transcription assays. During differentiation, maximal expression of the protein characterizes stage II hypertrophic chondrocytes. In situ hybridization on embryo sections reveals that the protein is expressed by several structures derived from the chondrogenic lineage and that, in addition, it is a major translational product in granulocytes. High cell density largely influences the expression of the Ch21 protein in chondrocyte cultures. When embryonic avian cells of different origin are grown to confluency, the expression of the Ch21 protein is observed in only some of the cell lines. Thus quiescence per se is not the primary factor determining the expression of the protein.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Differenziamento Cellulare, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dozin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Descalzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Briata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gentili
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quarto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cancedda
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002356:Cartilage / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000502:physiology; D054834:Lipocalins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C066299:Ch21 protein, chicken; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D054834:Lipocalins; D012333:RNA, Messenger