title: Adenosine cardioplegia: reducing reperfusion injury of the ischaemic myocardium?
abstract: Hyperkalaemia-induced hypopolarization of the sarcolemnal membrane during standard crystalloid cardioplegic arrest potentiates calcium influx during reperfusion and is associated with depletion of high-energy phosphate reserves. Adenosine has been shown to induce fast cardiac arrest whilst preserving membrane hyperpolarization in an isolated rat heart model. In this study we compared the efficacy of adenosine, both as an arresting agent and as an ultrastructural, haemodynamic and high-energy phosphate preserving agent, in an in situ global ischemia model in the baboon with St. Thomas' Hospital solution No. 2 (ST2; n = 8) and with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB; n = 7). The addition of 10 mM adenosine to the non-cardioplegic KHB (ADO; n = 8) improved haemodynamic recovery significantly in terms of cardiac index (91.6% +/- 7.2 vs 59.9% +/- 9.9) and stroke volume index (101.6% +/- 8.9 vs 55.6 +/- 10.0) and was not statistically distinguishable from the ST2 with regard to cardiac index (91.6% +/- 7.2 vs 94.8% +/- 5.8), stroke volume index (101.6% +/- 8.9 vs 114.0% +/- 8.3) or left ventricular dP/dt (73.1% +/- 9.9 vs 87.0% +/- 12.4). Adenosine triphosphate was best preserved with ADO (103.5% +/- 21.1 vs 67.9% +/- 9.3 and 48.5% +/- 8.7) although this was not statistically significant. This suggests therefore that the mechanism of cardioprotection by adenosine occurs by means other than its role as high-energy phosphate precursor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town Medical School, South Africa.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Human
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: von Oppell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reichenspurner
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Opie
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reichart
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010215:Papio; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000241:Adenosine