title: Magnesium-adenosine triphosphate in the treatment of shock, ischemia, and sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the rationale for adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride (ATP-MgCl2) administration in shock, ischemia, and sepsis; the beneficial effects on cellular and organ functions and survival; and possible mechanisms of these effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Current literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles deemed most pertinent, current, and representative were utilized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite apparent, adequate resuscitation of hypovolemic shock and sepsis in experimental animals and patients, persistent cellular and organ dysfunction is apparent. Disturbances in organ microcirculation and tissue hypoxia appear to play an important role. These disturbances occur when the energy needs are increased. Because of the theoretical benefits of ATP-MgCl2 as an energy source, as well as a vasodilator, the administration of ATP-MgCl2 has been investigated extensively, and considerable evidence suggests that ATP-MgCl2 restores the depressed cell and organ functions following ischemia, hypovolemic shock, and sepsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ATP-MgCl2 improves cellular and organ function and survival following experimental shock, ischemia, and sepsis. Studies also indicate that ATP-MgCl2 can be administered safely in experimental animals and in normal human volunteers, as well as in patients following various adverse circulatory conditions. Further trials should be undertaken to determine the effects on cell and organ function in patients following traumatic shock and sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harkema
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chaudry
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012769:Shock / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate