title: Microculture-based chemosensitivity testing: a feasibility study comparing freshly explanted human melanoma cells with human melanoma cell lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The culture of cancer cells has many applications in chemosensitivity testing and new drug development.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to adapt simple semiautomated microculture methods for testing the chemosensitivity of melanoma cells freshly recovered from patients' tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells were cultured on a substrate of agarose and exposed continuously to cytotoxic drugs, the effects of which were measured by determining the uptake of [3H]thymidine 4-7 days later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunocytochemical staining of cells cultured with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine demonstrated that tumor cells were responsible for the measured thymidine incorporation. The effects of cytotoxic drugs were calculated as logarithmic 50% inhibitory concentrations and expressed as divergences from the mean in a log-mean graph. The inhibitory effects of amsacrine, etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin, mitomycin C, and fluorouracil were tested. Tumors differed widely in their sensitivity to these drugs, although sensitivity to the three topoisomerase-II-directed agents was highly correlated. Cells from two non-neoplastic hematopoietic progenitor cell lines (FT and 32D) showed chemosensitivity patterns distinct from those in the melanoma cells, indicating tissue selectivity. Two established melanoma cell lines, MM-96 and FME, were tested under the same conditions and showed sensitivity typical of at least some fresh specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the validity of melanoma cell lines as models of freshly resected melanoma cells. If successfully applied to other tumor types, such semiautomated approaches could find wide application in routine hospital laboratories for the chemosensitivity testing of patients' tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Auckland School of Medicine, New Zealand.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Finlay
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Baguley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents