title: Ampicillin-aminoglycoside combinations as initial treatment for neonatal septicaemia or meningitis. A retrospective evaluation of 12 years' experience.
abstract: In a retrospective study covering the years 1975-1986, 341 episodes of invasive infections in 338 newborn infants were evaluated. Of the 365 pathogens isolated from blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid, 91% were sensitive to either ampicillin or aminoglycosides or both. Ampicillin resistance was mainly found in very low and low birthweight infants with late-onset infections, in which aerobic Gram-negative rods were common pathogens. In contrast, aminoglycoside resistance was common in early-onset infections, due to the dominance of group B streptococcal infections. The ampicillin-aminoglycoside combination had been given as initial treatment in 189 cases of septicaemia or meningitis. Treatment failed in 36 infections (20%), although all organisms were sensitive to one or both antibiotics. Treatment failed in 6 of 34 patients with meningitis but the failure was not related to ampicillin or aminoglycoside resistance. In conclusion, both in vitro and clinical results show that the ampicillin-aminoglycoside combination can be used as initial treatment of invasive infections in neonates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tessin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trollfors
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thiringer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000668:Ampicillin Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000187:drug effects; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D000667:Ampicillin; D014031:Tobramycin