title: 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy for diagnosing abnormal testicular function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if testicular 31P magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy can be of additional clinical value.
  
  
  METHODS
  A controlled study in three selected subjects groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants were referred to the outpatient clinic of our Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal healthy volunteers (n = 13), oligozoospermic (n = 14), and azoospermic patients (n = 17; 6 with epididymal obstruction and 11 with severe germ cell depletion) were selected on the basis of semen analysis, hormone determinations, and, if necessary, on operative exploration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on a Philips Gyroscan S15 (Philips Medical Systems, Best, the Netherlands).
  
  
  METHODS
  The routine clinical analyses were compared with the outcome of testicular MR spectroscopy to test the hypothesis that MR spectroscopy can be of additional value in the diagnosis of idiopathic oligozoospermic or azoospermic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MR spectra of normal volunteers were significantly different from oligozoospermic patients (P less than 0.001), from azoospermic patients with germ cell depletion (P less than 0.001), and from azoospermic patients with an obstruction (P less than 0.05). Between the two azoospermic groups also a significant difference was found (P less than 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that MR spectroscopy is a reliable technique to monitor the testicular function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnosis, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Grond
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Laven
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lock
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: te Velde
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Mali
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus; D012016:Reference Values; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010755:Organophosphates; D010710:Phosphates; D010758:Phosphorus; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate