title: Childhood mortality after a high dose of vitamin A in a high risk population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a single high dose of vitamin A given to all children in communities with high mortality and malnutrition could affect mortality and to assess whether periodic community wide supplementation could be readily incorporated into an ongoing primary health programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Opportunistic controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Jumla district, Nepal.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children aged under 5 years; 3786 in eight subdistricts given single dose of vitamin A and 3411 in remaining eight subdistricts given no supplementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mortality and cause of death in the five months after supplementation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk of death for children aged 1-59 months in supplemented communities was 26% lower (relative risk 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.55 to 0.99) than in unsupplemented communities. The reduction in mortality was greatest among children aged 6-11 months: death rate (deaths/1000 child years at risk) was 133.8 in supplemented children and 260.8 in unsupplemented children (relative risk 0.51, 0.30 to 0.89). The death rate from diarrhoea was also reduced (63.5 supplemented v 97.5 unsupplemented; relative risk 0.65, 0.44 to 0.95). The extra cost per death averted was about $11.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support a role for Vitamin A in increasing child survival. The supplementation programme was readily integrated with the ongoing community health programme at little extra cost.
authors.affiliation: International Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Major Childhood Disease (INTERCEPT), Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Daulaire
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Starbuck
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Stukel
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D002662:Child Health Services; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000401:mortality; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000401:mortality; D009026:Mortality; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000401:mortality; D011204:Poverty Areas; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A