title: Ketamine for caudal analgesia in children: comparison with caudal bupivacaine.
abstract: Fifty children undergoing inguinal herniotomy were allocated randomly to three groups to receive a caudal injection of either 0.25% bupivacaine 1 ml kg-1 with or without ketamine 0.5 mg kg-1 or ketamine 0.5 mg kg-1 with normal saline 1 ml kg-1. There was no significant difference in quality of pain relief, postoperative behaviour or analgesic requirements between the ketamine group and the two other groups. The bupivacaine-ketamine mixture provided better analgesia than the bupivacaine solution alone. Side effects such as motor weakness or urinary retention were not observed in the ketamine group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naguib
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sharif
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seraj
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: el Gammal
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dawlatly
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D002045:Bupivacaine; D002420:Cauda Equina; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007649:Ketamine; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007649:Ketamine; D002045:Bupivacaine