title: Intragraft cytokine profile during human liver allograft rejection.
abstract: Forty-three human liver allograft biopsies and normal liver were directly analyzed for inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine gene expression by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IL-5 gene expression was predominantly present in biopsies from liver allografts with histopathological evidence of acute rejection. IL-2 gene expression was rarely observed in rejecting allografts or allografts without evidence of rejection. In contrast, IL-4 message was readily detectable in the majority of liver allografts regardless of clinical status. The inflammatory mediators IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 were detected with similar frequency in rejecting allografts and allografts without evidence of rejection. These findings suggest that inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines are produced within the allograft. Moreover, IL-5 may play a role in the local mechanisms of liver allograft rejection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco 94143.
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Krams
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sterneck
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Falco
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lake
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Ascher
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001706:Biopsy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015848:Interleukin-5; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4