title: Polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene correlate with murine resistance to development of toxoplasmic encephalitis and with levels of TNF-alpha mRNA in infected brain tissue.
abstract: Murine resistance to development of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) has recently been mapped to the D region of the major histocompatibility complex (H-2). Since the gene for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is located 5' of the D region and TNF-alpha has been implicated as playing a role in neurological diseases, we were interested in determining the relationship of TNF-alpha production to TE resistance. We have demonstrated that resistance to TE in inbred mice can be correlated with specific restriction fragment length polymorphisms and microsatellite variants in the TNF-alpha gene. Mice that are susceptible to TE express elevated levels of TNF-alpha mRNA in brain tissue 6 wk after infection with the ME49 strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Resistant mice and all mice that are uninfected show no detectable TNF-alpha mRNA expression in brain tissue. Differences in the TNF-alpha gene between susceptible and resistant mice have been localized to the first intron, the promoter, and the 3' end of the TNF-alpha gene. These data implicate differences in regulation of TNF-alpha production in brain tissue as contributing to differences in susceptibility to development of TE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, California 94301.
authors.forename: Y R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sgarlato
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Remington
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014123:Toxoplasmosis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha