title: Occlusion pressure response to inspiratory flow-resistive loading in anesthetized swine.
abstract: Conscious animals subjected to inspiratory flow-resistive loading augment respiratory drive [as measured by airway occlusion pressure (P100)] independently of changes in chemical drive. Past studies of anesthetized subjects, however, have failed to demonstrate this response, and investigators have concluded that its presence depends on a state of consciousness. We tested the hypothesis that respiratory depression due to anesthesia or endogenous opioids rather than unconsciousness per se was responsible for this observation. Miniature piglets were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and subjected to hyperoxic CO2 rebreathing trials with and without added inspiratory resistance, before and after treatment with the opioid antagonist naltrexone. Before naltrexone there was a parallel leftward shift in the occlusion pressure vs. PCO2 relationship without a change in slope (delta P100/delta PCO2). After naltrexone there was a 45.5 +/- 15% increase in slope with loading. Addition of incremental doses of pentobarbital markedly reduced this increase in slope. We conclude that anesthetized animals can demonstrate flow-resistive load compensation in the form of augmented neuromuscular output not due to increased chemical drive. Failure to observe this response in past studies may reflect respiratory depression due to the anesthetic agents employed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9063.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Inman
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Moss
mesh_terms: D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D011312:Pressure; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
chemical_list: D009271:Naltrexone; D010424:Pentobarbital