title: Self-mutilation in personality disorders: psychological and biological correlates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to determine whether self-mutilators with personality disorders differ from nonmutilators with personality disorders in impulsivity, aggression, and other psychopathology and whether serotonergic dysfunction contributes to self-mutilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six self-mutilators with personality disorders were matched to 26 control subjects with personality disorders for gender, age, education, axis I diagnosis of affective disorder, and axis II diagnosis of personality disorder. Numerous indexes of psychopathology as well as CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels and platelet imipramine binding sites (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-mutilators had significantly more severe character pathology, had greater lifetime aggression, and were more antisocial than the control subjects. The self-mutilators scored higher on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression but not on the Beck Depression Inventory or the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The two groups did not differ on the Buss-Durkee Hostility and Guilt Inventory or on the Sensation Seeking Scale. The degree of self-mutilation was significantly correlated with impulsivity, chronic anger, and somatic anxiety. Both self-mutilation and impulsivity showed significant negative correlations with Bmax, although the two groups did not differ in CSF 5-HIAA levels or in platelet imipramine binding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate the contribution of severe character pathology, aggression, impulsivity, anxiety, and anger to self-mutilation and provide preliminary support for the hypothesis of underlying serotonergic dysfunction facilitating self-mutilation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simeon
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frances
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winchel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stanley
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012652:Self Mutilation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin