title: Endocrinology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone induced cycles in hypothalamic amenorrhea: the role of the pulse dose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find the treatment regimen giving a maximum chance of ovulation and a minimal chance of multiple follicular development in pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) therapy in patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  We propectively studied the endocrinology of cycles induced with 5, 10, and 20 micrograms GnRH pulse doses, randomly assigned per patient, comparing this with the endocrinology of spontaneous menstrual cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were treated at the Academic Hospital of the Vrije Universiteit, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Fertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea were treated for one to three cycles; 14 normally cycling volunteers were studied for one cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of ovulations per pulse dose; luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, total urinary estrogens (Es), and pregnanediol were measured per cycle day and per stimulation day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The endocrinology of all ovulatory cycles remained within the normal range. First treatment cycles showed significantly higher ovulation rates compared with subsequent cycles. Significantly more anovulation was observed in cycles with 5-micrograms pulse doses. Luteal Es were significantly higher in induction cycles compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The optimum treatment regimen should be to start induction with 5 micrograms/pulse in the first cycle and to raise the dose to 10 micrograms/pulse in subsequent cycles, regardless of the outcome of the first cycle. After ovulation, the pulse interval should be changed to 240 minutes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Braat
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schoemaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007027:Hypothalamic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011673:Pulsatile Flow
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone