title: Sexually transmitted diseases and their relation to male infertility.
abstract: Controversy surrounds the role of sexually transmitted diseases in male infertility. Because our understanding of male infertility is limited, and because diagnostic tests such as semen analysis including culture and leukocyte count are variable, definitive conclusions on STDs and their effect on infertility cannot be substantiated. Prospective investigations of infertile couples using appropriate control groups, sophisticated semen collection protocols, proper microbiologic techniques, and standardization of seminal fluid analysis are required to understand the role of STDs in male infertility. Regardless of the ongoing research to delineate the role of STDs in male infertility, advocating primary prevention by increasing public awareness of the negative effects of STDs and the use of contraceptive methods to prevent the spread of STDs is mandatory for the health care professional.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Mellinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000150:complications; D012661:Semen / Q000382:microbiology; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000276:immunology; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000150:complications; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies