title: Responses to novelty in phobic and non-phobic cynomolgus monkeys: the role of subject characteristics and object features.
abstract: In two previous studies it has been shown that most surrogate-reared cynomolgus monkeys became phobic of a harmless object (a big paper bag) while most mother-reared monkeys approached that object. Results of the first study seemed to indicate that the phobic reaction was restricted to the bag. Barnett and Cowan (Interdisciplinary Science Review, 1, 43-62, 1976) and Suomi (Anxiety disorder in childhood, pp. 1-23, 1986), however, reported that subjects (respectively rats and monkeys) that avoided a first novel object also avoided subsequent novel objects. In the present study we exposed phobic (bag-avoiding) and non-phobic (bag-approaching) monkeys from the study by Röder, Timmermans and Vossen (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 221-231, 1989) to several big and small novel objects. Our results show that, irrespective of their rearing conditions, subjects that were phobic also avoided big novel objects while subjects that were non-phobic approached big novel objects. The reaction to small novel objects was independent of the previous reaction to the bag.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Vochteloo
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Timmermans
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duijghuisen
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vossen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal; D001288:Attention; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D005556:Form Perception; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D012858:Size Perception; D012931:Social Environment