title: Differential regulation of the expression of transforming growth factor-beta mRNAs by growth factors and retinoic acid in chicken embryo chondrocytes, myocytes, and fibroblasts.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) autoregulates its expression in several mammalian cell types. We now report that addition of TGF-beta s 1, 2, and 3 to primary chicken embryo cells differentially affects expression of the messenger RNAs for the different TGF-beta isoforms depending on the cell type. In cultured sternal chondrocytes, addition of TGF-beta s 1, 2, or 3 results in an increase in the steady-state levels of the messenger RNAs for TGF-beta s 2 and 3, but does not change expression of TGF-beta 4 mRNA. In contrast, in cultured cardiac myocytes, addition of TGF-beta s 1, 2, or 3 results in an increase in expression of TGF-beta s 3 and 4 mRNAs, but does not change expression of TGF-beta 2 mRNA. Moreover, expression of TGF-beta s 2, 3, and 4 mRNAs is not affected by addition of any of the TGF-beta s to fibroblasts. Addition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), or interleukin-1 (IL-1) to these chicken cells also has differential effects on expression of the different TGF-beta mRNAs depending on the cell type. Retinoic acid also has contrasting effects on chondrocytes and myocytes either increasing or decreasing, respectively, expression of TGF-beta s 2 and 3 mRNAs and TGF-beta 2 protein. Our results indicate a complex pattern of regulation of the different TGF-beta genes by themselves as well as by PDGF, EGF, IL-1, dexamethasone, TPA, and retinoic acid in chicken embryo cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemoprevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jakowlew
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cubert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Danielpour
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sporn
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002356:Cartilage / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009132:Muscles / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014212:Tretinoin