Intragraft cytokine profile during human liver allograft rejection.
Forty-three human liver allograft biopsies and normal liver were directly analyzed for inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine gene expression by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IL-5 gene expression was predominantly present in biopsies from liver allografts with histopathological evidence of acute rejection. IL-2 gene expression was rarely observed in rejecting allografts or allografts without evidence of rejection. In contrast, IL-4 message was readily detectable in the majority of liver allografts regardless of clinical status. The inflammatory mediators IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 were detected with similar frequency in rejecting allografts and allografts without evidence of rejection. These findings suggest that inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines are produced within the allograft. Moreover, IL-5 may play a role in the local mechanisms of liver allograft rejection.
Martinez
O M
OM
Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco 94143.
Krams
S M
SM
Sterneck
M
M
Villanueva
J C
JC
Falco
D A
DA
Ferrell
L D
LD
Lake
J
J
Roberts
J P
JP
Ascher
N L
NL
D001483:Base Sequence; D001706:Biopsy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015848:Interleukin-5; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4