title: Effect of physostigmine on the loss of consciousness induced by midazolam, etomidate and althesin.
abstract: The effect of physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, on the loss of consciousness induced by three different intravenous induction anesthetics, namely midazolam, etomidate and althesin at ED50, was studied in three comparable groups of patients. Ten min before induction, the first and second groups received physostigmine 8 micrograms/kg and 16 micrograms/kg, respectively, and the third group received 2 ml of saline solution. Physostigmine 16 micrograms/kg resulted in a significant decrease in the percentage of unconscious patients with midazolam (from 50% to 10%), but it did not modify the incidence with etomidate or althesin. Physostigmine at doses of 8 micrograms/kg and 16 micrograms/kg could cause 6.7% and 10% nausea, respectively. Although the mechanism of the drug interaction of physostigmine and midazolam is unclear, physostigmine could be used clinically to reverse post-anesthetic somnolence induced by midazolam.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: O Y
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000530:Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D003975:Diazepam / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005045:Etomidate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D000530:Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture; D010830:Physostigmine; D003975:Diazepam; D008874:Midazolam; D005045:Etomidate