title: Localization of the DMDL gene-encoded dystrophin-related protein using a panel of nineteen monoclonal antibodies: presence at neuromuscular junctions, in the sarcolemma of dystrophic skeletal muscle, in vascular and other smooth muscles, and in proliferating brain cell lines.
abstract: mAbs have been raised against different epitopes on the protein product of the DMDL gene, which is an autosomal homologue of the X-linked DMD gene for dystrophin. These antibodies provide direct evidence that DMDL protein is localized near acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions in normal and mdx mouse intercostal muscle. The primary location in tissues other than skeletal muscle is smooth muscle, especially in the vascular system, which may account for the wide tissue distribution previously demonstrated by Western blotting. The DMDL protein was undetectable in the nonjunctional sarcolemma of normal human muscle, but was observed in nonjunctional sarcolemma of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients, where dystrophin itself is absent or greatly reduced. The expression of DMDL protein is not restricted to smooth and skeletal muscle, however, since relatively large amounts are present in transformed brain cell lines of both glial and Schwann cell origin. This contrasts with the low levels of DMDL protein in adult brain tissue.
authors.affiliation: Research Division, N. E. Wales Institute, Deeside, Clwyd, Great Britain.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Gatter
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002455:Cell Division; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000737:chemistry*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000737:chemistry*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D049411:Utrophin
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C483600:Utrn protein, mouse; D049411:Utrophin