title: Head circumference and intellectual performance of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
abstract: The head circumferences of 64 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were measured and found to be greater than those of a normal population. The patients had relative, and in 12 cases, absolute macrocephaly. 47 of the 64 patients underwent intelligence testing and were found to be significantly intellectually impaired, particularly in verbal and language skills. There was no correlation between head circumference or absolute macrocephaly and intellectual performance. The cause of macrocephaly in these patients is unknown and its relevance to the aetiology of intellectual impairment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is not yet clear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Alder Hey.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Appleton
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bushby
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gardner-Medwin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D012016:Reference Values; D014888:Wechsler Scales