title: Sympathy, empathy, and physician resource utilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that physicians preferring a sympathetic over an empathetic response to a hypothetical patient's misfortune will utilize more health care resources in the care of their patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physicians were asked to select either the sympathetic response or the empathetic response to a hypothetical patient's misfortune (death of a spouse) and to state their preferences for intubation of a hypothetical end-stage lung-disease patient. For each physician, hospital records were retrospectively reviewed to assess the mean number of laboratory tests ordered per clinic patient and the mean duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitations he or she performed before declaring his or her efforts unsuccessful.
  
  
  METHODS
  General medicine clinic at a large urban hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  101 physicians above the postgraduate year-I level who attended the general medicine clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As hypothesized, physicians selecting the sympathetic option (n = 58) had a greater mean preference for intubation (p less than 0.02), ordered more laboratory tests per patient in clinic (p less than 0.03), and performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation for longer periods of time before declaring their efforts unsuccessful (p less than 0.06) than did physicians selecting the empathetic option (n = 38).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the constructs of sympathy and empathy reflect psychological aspects of physicians that have a measurable influence on their practice behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Nightingale
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Yarnold
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011364:Professional Practice