title: Computer generation of random deviates.
abstract: The need for random deviates arises in many scientific applications, such as the simulation of physical processes, numerical evaluation of complex mathematical formulae and the modeling of decision processes. In medical physics, Monte Carlo simulations have been used in radiology, radiation therapy and nuclear medicine. Specific instances include the modelling of x-ray scattering processes and the addition of random noise to images or curves in order to assess the effects of various processing procedures. Reliable sources of random deviates with statistical properties indistinguishable from true random deviates are a fundamental necessity for such tasks. This paper provides a review of computer algorithms which can be used to generate uniform random deviates and other distributions of interest to medical physicists, along with a few caveats relating to various problems and pitfalls which can occur. Source code listings for the generators discussed (in FORTRAN, Turbo-PASCAL and Data General ASSEMBLER) are available on request from the authors.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cormack
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shuter
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016011:Normal Distribution; D011381:Programming Languages; D011897:Random Allocation