title: Transoesophageal echocardiographic assessment of fixed subaortic obstruction in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical usefulness of transoesophageal echocardiography in the assessment of children with fixed left ventricular outflow tract stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight consecutive children, aged over 5 years, with fixed subaortic stenosis and one child with fixed subpulmonary left ventricular outflow tract stenosis were prospectively assessed by precordial and transoesophageal echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transoesophageal images of the left ventricular outflow tract were much clearer than precordial images in all patients except one with a prosthetic mitral valve. Improved visualisation provided further information on the nature of the lesion (additional chordal attachment of the mitral valve in one, accessory atrioventricular valve tissue with aneurysm formation in one), on the extent of the lesion (circumferential in three), and on the very close relation of a ridge to the aortic valve leaflets in one. Transoesophageal Doppler did not provide any additional information on aortic regurgitation and was unreliable for gradient estimation across the left ventricular outflow tract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transoesophageal imaging provides an excellent means of visualising lesions in the left ventricular outflow tract and can be useful in a few children and adolescents in whom precordial echocardiography does not provide adequate information. The technique can also be used intraoperatively to define the full extent of the obstructive lesion and to assess residual lesions after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gnanapragasam
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Doig
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pollock
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001020:Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D012008:Recurrence; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery