title: Serum ketone response to glucagon as a marker of insulin dependency in diabetics.
abstract: The serum ketone response to glucagon was measured in 10 patients with IDDM and 37 with NIDDM. In both groups, serum 3-hydroxybutyrate increased significantly after intravenous injection of 1 mg glucagon. The difference between the serum level of 3-hydroxybutyrate at 30 min and basal level [delta 3-OHBA(30')] was 133 +/- 25 mumol/l in the patients with IDDM, 13 +/- 8 mumol/l in those with NIDDM treated by diet alone or with oral hypoglycemic agents and 23 +/- 13 mumol/l in those with NIDDM treated with insulin. The delta 3-OHBA(30') was significantly greater in IDDM patients than in both groups of NIDDM patients (P less than 0.001). The delta 3-OHBA(30') was greater than 87 mumol/l in eighty percent of IDDM patients, but smaller than 87 mumol/l in both groups of NIDDM patients. The delta 3-OHBA(30') was correlated with the difference between the plasma level of C-peptide at 6 min and basal level [delta CPR(6')] (r = -0.540, P less than 0.001). The delta 3-OHBA(30') was not correlated with fasting plasma levels of glucose, fructosamine or hemoglobin A1c. These observations show that measurement of the serum ketone response to glucagon is a useful marker of insulin dependency. In order to determine insulin dependency, the simultaneous measurement of concentrations of ketones and C-peptide is indicated during the glucagon stimulation test.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Shizuoka Red Cross Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uchimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maezawa
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D000090:Acetoacetates / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D019270:Fructosamine; D005934:Glucagon; D006595:Hexosamines / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000097:blood*; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000097:blood*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D000090:Acetoacetates; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006595:Hexosamines; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D007657:Ketone Bodies; D019270:Fructosamine; C016635:acetoacetic acid; D005934:Glucagon; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid