title: Epidural tramadol for postoperative pain relief.
abstract: Forty-two surgical patients were given epidural tramadol for control of postoperative pain. They were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 (n = 15), in which 25 mg of tramadol were given; group 2 (n = 13), in which 50 mg of tramadol were given; and group 3 (n = 14), in which 75 mg of tramadol were given. When the patients complained of wound pain, epidural tramadol was given. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2), sedation scale, motor blockade, verbal rating scale, subjective grading, and visual analogue pain scale (VAPS) were measured and recorded before the tramadol administration, at 5 and 15 min, and at 1, 2, 4, and 8 h after the tramadol administration. Only 26.6% of the patients in group 1 had significant relief of pain. The rest of them needed at least one incremental dose of 25 mg of tramadol. The baseline VAPS of the patients in group 2 was 8.9 +/- 2.0. It became 5.46 +/- 3.0 (p greater than 0.05) 15 min after tramadol was given, and dropped further to 1.9 +/- 1.8 (p greater than 0.05) 2 h later. The average duration of pain relief was 12.0 +/- 5.9 h. In group 3, the initial VAPS was 8.14 +/- 1.9. It decreased to 4.28 +/- 1.8 (p greater than 0.05) 15 min, and further dropped to 1.7 +/- 0.9 (p greater than 0.05) 2 h following tramadol administration. The average duration of pain relief was 11.3 +/- 4.8 h. The common side effects of tramadol such as dizziness, nausea, and dry mouth, were most frequently found in group 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Provincial Taipei Hospital Cheng-Chung Branch, Department of Anesthesiology, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Daiy
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014147:Tramadol