title: Prospective study of manikin-only versus manikin and human subject endotracheal intubation training of paramedics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of manikin-only training on field success of endotracheal intubation by paramedics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective evaluation of individual field endotracheal intubation success rates for paramedics after they participated in a manikin-only or a manikin-plus-cadaver training program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paramedics responding to emergency calls involving adult medical or trauma victims.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants were trained using a controlled manikin training program; then, half were randomly selected for additional instruction using fresh human cadavers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals trained using only the manikin program had mean +/- SD individual success rates of 82 +/- 32%, and individuals who received additional cadaver training had mean individual success rates of 83 +/- 31%. Overall success rates for the two groups were 86% for the manikin-only group and 85% for the manikin-plus-cadaver-trained group. The sample size was not adequate to allow rejection of the null hypothesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paramedics trained in endotracheal intubation using a systematic manikin-only teaching program can attain acceptable individual success rates in the actual field setting.
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services Agency Paramedic Training Institute, Torrance, California.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Stratton
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Gunter
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ableson-Ward
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gallagher
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D004496:Education, Continuing; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods