title: Myocardial bridges: morphological and functional aspects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the arrangement of myocardial bridges.
  
  
  METHODS
  A necropsy study of 90 consecutive hearts (56 male, 34 female).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myocardial bridges, either single or multiple, were seen in 50 (55.6%) of the 90 hearts. The left anterior descending artery was the most commonly affected artery. Thirty five of the 50 hearts which contained in total 41 muscle bridges were dissected further with a magnifying glass. Two different types of muscle bridges could be identified. Thirty one of these 41 myocardial bridges were superficial, crossing the artery transversely towards the apex of the heart at an acute angle or perpendicularly. The remaining 10 myocardial bridges crossed the left anterior descending coronary artery and surrounded it by a muscle bundle that arose from the right ventricular apical trabeculae and crossed the artery transversely, obliquely, or helically before terminating in the interventricular septum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The superficial type of myocardial bridge does not seem to constrict the artery during systole but the deep muscle bridges, by virtue of their relation with the left anterior descending coronary artery, could twist the vessel and thus compromise its diastolic flow. This may result in ischaemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of State of Pará, Belém, Brazil.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Trotter
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Décourt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000473:pathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D012727:Sex Characteristics