title: Exclusion of atrial thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography.
abstract: To determine whether transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is useful in ruling out the presence of atrial thrombus, we performed TEE in 20 patients immediately before valve replacement or valve repair and within 3 days of an autopsy in one patient. Mitral stenosis was the predominant lesion in three patients, mitral regurgitation was seen in 11 patients, five patients had mitral prosthesis malfunction, one patient had a tricuspid prosthesis malfunction, and one patient had aortic stenosis. Eight patients were in atrial fibrillation. Four patients demonstrated spontaneous contrast in the associated atria. Nine patients were receiving oral anticoagulation. Mean left atrial diameter was 5.3 +/- 1.3 mm. TEE revealed no evidence for atrial thrombus in 18 of the 21 patients; this finding was confirmed by careful inspection of the atria including the appendages. TEE demonstrated a left atrial thrombus in two patients and a right atrial thrombus in another (confirmed at the time of surgery or at autopsy). In all cases transthoracic echocardiography was negative. Our data suggest that TEE is useful in ruling out atrial thrombus, and therefore may be a useful test preceding interventions associated with an increased risk of embolism from the atria such as cardioversion, mitral valvuloplasty, or valve replacement.
authors.affiliation: Echo Lab-Special Diagnostics (11111), Abbott-Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55407.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*