title: Alcohol consumption and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors in British women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relation between alcohol consumption and risk factors for coronary heart disease in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional study of a stratified random sample of the population grouped into five categories of habitual alcohol consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  People registered with general practitioners at two large health centres in east Bristol, England.
  
  
  METHODS
  1048 women aged 25-69 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting plasma concentrations of insulin, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, including its subfractions HDL2 and HDL3, and body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with non-drinkers women consuming a moderate amount of alcohol (1-20 g/day) had lower plasma concentrations of triglycerides, by 0.19 mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.35); cholesterol, by 0.4 mmol/l (0.19 to 0.61); and insulin, by 1.4 mU/l (0.43 to 1.97) and a lower body mass index, by 1.2 kg/m2 (0.43 to 1.97). They also had higher concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, by 0.09 mmol/l (0.03 to 0.15); HDL2 cholesterol by 0.05 mmol/l (-0.02 to 0.10) and HDL3 cholesterol, by 0.06 mmol/l (0.06 to 0.11). All these were independent of body mass index, smoking habits, and taking oral contraceptives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower levels of cardiovascular risk factors in women. Insulin may have a central role.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Razay
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol