title: Comparative bioavailability of orally and vaginally administered progesterone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the pharmacokinetics of progesterone (P) in healthy premenopausal female volunteers to compare the bioavailability of orally or vaginally administered hormone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomly allocated to receive either oral P or a vaginal pessary then crossed over to the alternate preparation 1 month later.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in outpatient setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects were healthy, normal female volunteers who underwent a physical and gynecological examination before the study. None were using oral contraceptives. Ten subjects (mean age 32.6 +/- 7.3 years) entered the study and all completed it.
  
  
  METHODS
  Progesterone was administered as 200 mg of micronized hormone or as a pessary containing 400 mg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of P were measured by radioimmunoassay to test the apriori hypothesis of similar bioavailability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak plasma P concentrations attained within 4 hours after oral administration ranged from 8.5 to 70.6 ng/mL, whereas after vaginal administration the peak levels were attained within 8 hours and ranged from 4.4 to 181.1 ng/mL. Considerable interindividual variation was noted. Area under the plasma concentration-time curve for the two formulations was not significantly different (F = 1.09; P greater than 0.1; ANOVA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two formulations had similar bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dennerstein
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001682:Biological Availability; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010570:Pessaries; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone