title: Inhomogeneous response of expiratory muscle activity to cold block of the ventral medullary surface.
abstract: We assessed the effects of cooling the ventral medullary surface (VMS) on the activity of chest wall and abdominal expiratory muscles in eight anesthetized artificially ventilated dogs after vagotomy and denervation of the carotid sinus nerves. Electromyograms (EMGs) of the triangularis sterni, internal intercostal, abdominal external oblique, abdominal internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles were measured with EMG of the diaphragm as an index of inspiratory activity. Bilateral localized cooling (2 x 2 mm) in the thermosensitive intermediate part of the VMS produced temperature-dependent reduction in the EMG of diaphragm and abdominal muscles. The rib cage expiratory EMGs were little affected at 25 degrees C; their amplitudes decreased at lower VMS temperatures (less than 20 degrees C) but by significantly fewer degrees than the diaphragmatic and abdominal expiratory EMGs at a constant VMS temperature. With moderate to severe cooling (less than 20 degrees C) diaphragmatic EMG disappeared, but rib cage expiratory EMGs became tonic and resumed a phasic pattern shortly before the recovery of diaphragmatic EMG during rewarming of the VMS. These results indicate that the effects of cooling the VMS differ between the activity of rib cage and abdominal expiratory muscles. This variability may be due to inhomogeneous inputs from the VMS to expiratory motoneurons or to a different responsiveness of various expiratory motoneurons to the same input either from the VMS or the inspiratory neurons.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chonan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izumiyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takishima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004285:Dogs; D004576:Electromyography; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000503:physiopathology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000502:physiology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*