title: Nonverbal display of emotion in public and in private: self-monitoring, personality, and expressive cues.
abstract: Individual differences in the expression and regulation of emotion are important components of social skill. The present study focused on the concealing of spontaneous expressions of happiness after winning in a competitive situation against peers. In a repeated measures design, spontaneous expressive behaviors in response to triumph were secretly videotaped when Ss (N = 38) were alone in a room and when they were with 2 fellow competitors (confederates). Edited tapes were analyzed by naive raters and trained coders. As predicted, the social context strongly influenced the expressive behaviors of Ss, providing support for a social inhibition effect. More important, the self-monitoring construct (Snyder, 1987) was helpful in explaining individual differences in expressive regulation, with high self-monitors being successful at hiding their happiness when appropriate; and they did so in particular ways. Low self-monitors did not conceal their emotions. Other findings with regard to personality and sex differences were also uncovered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside 92521.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miller-Herringer
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000328:Adult; D004644:Emotions; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D010551:Personality; D012649:Self Concept; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment