title: Transcranial Doppler ultrasound identifies patients with right-to-left cardiac or pulmonary shunts.
abstract: We performed transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) and transesophageal contrast echocardiography simultaneously in four patients. In one patient with a patent foramen ovale and another patient with pulmonary A-V fistulae, we detected micro air bubbles in the right middle cerebral artery three to five cardiac cycles after their appearance in the left atrium following intravenous injection of contrast. In two patients without right-to-left shunts, we did not detect air bubbles in the left atrium or middle cerebral artery following injection of contrast. These results show that TCD can identify patients with right-to-left cardiac or pulmonary shunts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Chimowitz
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Nemec
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Marwick
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lorig
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Salcedo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004452:Echocardiography; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D011667:Pulmonary Veins