title: Transesophageal echocardiography in the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with intracardiac extension.
abstract: Renal cell carcinomas may extend into the vena cava and the tumor thrombus occasionally involves the right atrium. The operative approach depends upon precise preoperative and intraoperative staging and thrombus localization. We report a case of renal cell carcinoma with complete inferior vena caval and hepatic vein occlusion with tumor extension into the right atrium. Preoperatively, transesophageal echocardiography provided superior images of the tumor and its extension, and intraoperatively allowed continuous monitoring of cardiac function and the removal of tumor from the atrium and inferior vena cava. Its use obviated the need for more costly and invasive preoperative and intraoperative procedures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Albany Medical College, New York.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klingman
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Ferraris
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Harte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006325:Heart Atria; D006338:Heart Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior