title: Defining the valid hemizona assay: accounting for binding variability within zonae pellucidae and within semen samples from fertile males.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To achieve a better understanding of the variability in sperm and oocyte binding capacities will optimize use of the hemizona assay (HZA) as a predictor of sperm function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Limitations of the HZA were more clearly delineated by current studies: (1) variability of sperm binding capacity of men over a 90-day interval; (2) variability of sperm binding using different oocytes; and (3) lower limits of the number of sperm bound from the fertile control in two laboratories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen was obtained from proven fertile men and one subfertile individual.
  
  
  METHODS
  The number of sperm tightly bound to the hemizona were measured and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the initial study, 6 fertile control men exhibited a similar degree of variability in zona binding when studied over a 90-day interval. Average sperm binding for individuals ranged from 68 to 127. Second, 3 of the 15 simultaneous assays showed very low numbers of sperm bound, indicating that 20% of the zonae had poor binding. Third, from 18 men who had 0% fertilization in an in vitro fertilization system using mature oocytes, evaluation of their sperm by HZA was performed. The sperm bound poorly and the 95% confidence interval was 20 sperm bound. Thus, the fertile controls should bind greater than 20 sperm to distinguish them from the infertile group in the HZA system resulting in a valid assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With these guidelines, applications of the HZA may be made with greater reassurance of a valid bioassay of sperm fertilizing potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tygerberg Hospital, Infertility Clinic, Parow, Republic of South Africa.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Franken
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Coddington
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Burkman
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Oosthuizen
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Oehninger
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Kruger
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Hodgen
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000378:metabolism*