title: An assessment of variable thickness and fiber orientation of the skeletal muscle layer on electrocardiographic calculations.
abstract: This paper assesses the effectiveness of including variable thickness and fiber orientation characteristics of the skeletal muscle layer in calculations relating epicardial and torso potentials. A realistic model of a canine torso which includes extensive detail about skeletal muscle layer thickness and fiber orientation is compared with two other uniformly anisotropic models: one of constant thickness and the other of variable thickness. First, transfer coefficients are calculated from the model data. Then torso potentials for each model are calculated from the transfer coefficients and measured epicardial potentials. The comparison of calculated and observed torso potentials indicates that a simple model consisting of a uniformly anisotropic skeletal muscle layer of 1.0-1.5 cm constant thickness significantly improves the model. However, if photographic slices of the canine torso are used to introduce more detailed data about the variation in skeletal muscle thickness and fiber orientation into the model, the agreement and between calculated and measured torso potentials decreased, although a finite element mesh of over 5000 nodes was used to describe the skeletal muscle in the more detailed model. One source of error increase was considered to be due to numerical discretization and could be reduced with a much finer mesh or by utilizing higher order polynomials to represent the potential distribution within each finite element. However, the results presented in this paper show that high precision computation (64-bit word length) on the mainframe IBM 3081 with an attached FPS-164 gives a slow rate of improvement with reduced discretization intervals and that utilizing higher order polynomials within each finite element gives an even slower rate of improvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Pilkington
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ideker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004594:Electrophysiology; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009132:Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D013909:Thorax / Q000033:anatomy & histology