title: Independence of the pattern of early cytokine release from autoregulation by nitric oxide.
abstract: The L-arginine-dependent tumor cell cytotoxicity produced by activated macrophages (M phi) may be mediated either directly by production of nitric oxide (NO), or by induction of NO synthesis in the tumor cell. The influence of M phi NO synthesis on the release of soluble cytotoxic mediators was investigated in this study. The synthesis of M phi NO, measured as nitrite, was detected 6 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggering and reached a peak level by 44 h. A concurrent decrease in M phi viability beginning at 18 h after triggering was detected during a period of 72 h in culture. Both the production of NO and loss of viability correlated with the presence of L-arginine in the incubation media and was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMA). The medium in which LPS-triggered adherent peritoneal exudate cells were incubated was examined for the presence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and the soluble mediators that induce mitochondrial respiratory inhibition in tumor cells. All of these effector molecules were released at peak levels into the conditioned supernatants within 12 h after LPS-triggering. The peak level obtained for each effector molecule was influenced by the media in which the M phi was incubated; however, no correlation was detected between the level of cytokines produced and the synthesis of nitrite by the M phi indicating that NO synthesis has no inhibiting effect on the initial burst of cytotoxic factors released.
authors.affiliation: Section of Immunobiology and Drug Carriers, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sivaramakrishnan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klostergaard
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lopez-Berestein
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007739:L Cells; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000502:physiology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000166:cytology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009573:Nitrites; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D001120:Arginine