title: A comparison of end-tidal halothane concentrations measured at proximal and distal ends of the endotracheal tube in the horse.
abstract: Measurements (n = 126) of end-tidal halothane concentrations were taken from 21 horses anesthetized for routine and emergency surgery. One hundred five paired values allowed comparison of gas samples taken near the oral end of the endotracheal tube (Y1) to samples obtained at the cuffed end of the endotracheal tube (Y2). Twenty-one paired readings were assessed to compare samples taken 25 cm beyond the cuffed end of the tube (Y3) to samples from Y1. Measurements were made at all locations at 15-minute intervals starting 30 minutes after beginning halothane. All measurements were made in triplicate at end-expiration, and both sites were sampled within 1 minute of each other. Halothane concentration was measured by rapid infrared analysis with a gas sampling rate of 150 ml/min and displayed as a digital reading. Calibration of the machine was checked regularly. The difference between readings (Y1-Y2 or Y1-Y3 = Sdif) was tested using general linear models and a significance level of p less than 0.05 was used. The variable Sdif was analyzed with respect to time, mode of ventilation, and type of recumbency; no effects of these variables were detected. The mean values (+/- SD) of 105 readings for Y1 and Y2 were 2.41 vol% (+/- 0.49) and 2.39 vol% (+/- 0.49) respectively, and the Pearson's correlation coefficient (Y1 vs Y2) was 0.96. The mean values (+/- SD) of 21 measurements for Y1 and Y3 were 2.31 vol% (+/- 0.27) and 2.32 vol% (+/- 0.28) respectively and the Pearson's correlation coefficient (Y1 vs Y3) was 0.98.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas A & M University, College Station.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hartsfield
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cornick
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000032:analysis*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D006221:Halothane