title: Morphology and mosaics of VIP-like immunoreactive neurons in the retina of the rhesus monkey.
abstract: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid peptide that has been demonstrated to reside in cells ( = VIP+ cells) of the retinae of various vertebrate species. In an attempt to study the morphology and distribution of VIP+ cells in the retina of the rhesus monkey in more detail, we subjected VIP+ cells observed in cryostat sections or wholemounts rhesus monkey retinae to a quantitative analysis. VIP+ cells were found to reside in the innermost row of the inner nuclear layer (INL) and in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) in similar numbers (estimate: 50 cells/mm2 at 6-10 mm eccentricity each) and only on rare occasions (12% of all VIP+ cells) in varying positions within the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Somata of VIP+ cells were circular and had a mean diameter of 9.1 microns. They gave rise to 1-3 main dendrites, which were usually oriented toward the IPL. Main dendrites ramified widely into thin fibers (dendritic field diameter less than = 1 mm), carrying varicose swellings. The fibers that contributed to one and the same plexus of VIP+ fibers preferred the middle third of the IPL, independent of the positions of the parent somata. A quantitative analysis of nearest-neighbour distances in the retinal wholemount preparation suggested that VIP+ cells in the GCL and in the INL might be distributed according to 2 independent mosaics. A comparison with Golgi-stained material leads to the tentative equation of VIP+ cells with the "spiny" A12 amacrine cell of Mariani ('90). Whereas the low density and large dendritic field size of VIP+ cells might suggest a more widespread function, the varicose dendritic morphology seems to be more compatible with functionally independent dendritic subunits mediating localized effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lammerding-Köppel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thier
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koehler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide