title: Role of diet and exercise in the management of hyperinsulinemia and associated atherosclerotic risk factors.
abstract: Hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and obesity are independent risk factors for coronary artery disease and are often found in the same person. This study investigated the effects of an intensive, 3-week, dietary and exercise program on these risk factors. The group was divided into diabetic patients (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM], n = 13), insulin-resistant persons (n = 29) and those with normal insulin, less than or equal to 10 microU/ml (n = 30). The normal groups had very small but statistically significant decreases in all of the risk factors. The patients with NIDDM had the greatest decreases. Insulin was reduced from 40 +/- 15 to 27 +/- 11 microU/ml, blood pressure from 142 +/- 9/83 +/- 3 to 132 +/- 6/71 +/- 3 mm Hg, triglycerides from 353 +/- 76 to 196 +/- 31 mg/dl and body mass index from 31.1 +/- 4.0 to 29.7 +/- 3.7 kg/m2. Although there was a significant weight loss for the group with NIDDM, resulting in the decrease in body mass index, 8 of 9 patients who were initially overweight were still overweight at the end of the program, and 5 of the 8 were still obese (body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2), indicating that normalization of body weight is not a requisite for a reduction or normalization of other risk factors. Insulin was reduced from 18.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.6 +/- 1.2 microU/ml in the insulin-resistant group, with 17 of the 29 subjects achieving normal fasting insulin (less than 10 microU/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1527.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ugianskis
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Inkeles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000209:etiology; D004035:Diet Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000628:therapy; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000628:therapy; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin