title: Regiospecific dechlorination of pentachlorophenol by dichlorophenol-adapted microorganisms in freshwater, anaerobic sediment slurries.
abstract: The reductive dechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was investigated in anaerobic sediments that contained nonadapted or 2,4- or 3,4-dichlorophenol (DCP)-adapted microbial communities. Adaptation of sediment communities increased the rate of conversion of 2,4- or 3,4-DCP to monochlorophenols (CPs) and eliminated the lag phase before dechlorination was observed. Both 2,4- and 3,4-DCP-adapted sediment communities dechlorinated the six DCP isomers to CPs. The specificity of chlorine removal from the DCP isomers indicated a preference for ortho-chlorine removal by 2,4-DCP-adapted sediment communities and for para-chlorine removal by 3,4-DCP-adapted sediment communities. Sediment slurries containing nonadapted microbial communities either did not dechlorinate PCP or did so following a lag phase of at least 40 days. Sediment communities adapted to dechlorinate 2,4- or 3,4-DCP dechlorinated PCP without an initial lag phase. The 2,4-DCP-adapted communities initially removed the ortho-chlorine from PCP, whereas the 3,4-DCP-adapted communities initially removed the para-chlorine from PCP. A 1:1 mixture of the adapted sediment communities also dechlorinated PCP without a lag phase. Dechlorination by the mixture was regiospecific, following a para greater than ortho greater than meta order of chlorine removal. Intermediate products of degradation, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,5-trichlorophenol, 3,5-DCP, 3-CP, and phenol, were identified by a combination of cochromatography (high-pressure liquid chromatography) with standards and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
authors.affiliation: Technology Applications, Inc., Athens, Georgia.
authors.forename: F O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002713:Chlorine / Q000378:metabolism*; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007700:Kinetics; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D010636:Phenols; C043374:3,4-dichlorophenol; D002713:Chlorine; D010416:Pentachlorophenol; C004762:2,4-dichlorophenol