title: [Craniocervical dystonia and facial hemispasm: clinical and pharmacological characteristics of 52 patients].
abstract: The results obtained in a retrospective study on clinical and pharmacological aspects of 41 patients suffering craniocervical dystonia (24 with blepharospasm, 17 with torticollis) and 11 with spasm are here presented. Mean age of symptoms onset was 57.4, 43.8 and 55.8 years old respectively; this variable was comparatively higher in females than in males with torticollis. The prevalence of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm was higher in females. A 38.7% of patients suffering blepharospasm also presented oromandibular dystonia (Meige's syndrome). Other abnormal movements less frequently associated were cephalic tremor, postural hand tremor and larynx dystonia. In three cases with blepharospasm there was family history of Parkinson's disease and in two cases with torticollis there was family history of essential tremor. The mean age of onset was lower in patients with clonic torticollis and the evolution time of symptoms was longer than in those who presented the tonic type. Clonic torticollis were less frequently associated to pain. Trihexyphenidyl (anticholinergic) was the most efficient drug in craniocervical dystonia, and clonazepam in facial hemispasm. In general, as earliest the age of onset was, as better the therapeutical response was.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Astarloa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peñafiel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rábano
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: de Yébenes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005155:Facial Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013035:Spasm / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D014103:Torticollis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D014282:Trihexyphenidyl / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002998:Clonazepam; D014282:Trihexyphenidyl
vernacular_title: Distonía craneocervical y hemiespasmo facial: características clínicas y farmacológicas de 52 enfermos.