title: Visual impairment and retinopathy in people with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, and newly diagnosed NIDDM.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prevalence rates of visual impairment and retinopathy were compared in 1992 people with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Glucose tolerance status was based on an oral glucose tolerance test after exclusion of those with a history of diabetes and/or diabetes medication use in an upper middle-class community of older white adults in southern California between 1984 and 1987.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although many sex-specific comparisons were made between glucose tolerance groups, only a few emerged as statistically significant. Among those, women with IGT had significantly higher age-adjusted rates of visual impairment (10.8%) than women with normal glucose tolerance (4.4%). Among men, those with IGT had significantly higher age-adjusted rates of visual impairment (7.9%) than men with newly diagnosed NIDDM (4.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low frequencies of retinopathy were found in all three glucose tolerance groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Blunt
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wingard
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose