title: Nasal glandular secretory response to cholinergic stimulation in humans and guinea pigs.
abstract: A guinea pig model of nasal secretory responses was developed to assess the contributions of vascular permeability and glandular secretion responsible for the production of cholinergically stimulated nasal secretions. The nasal secretory responses to provocation with saline, methacholine, and atropine on the ipsilateral (challenged) side and contralateral (reflex) side were analyzed by measurement of total protein (Lowry method), guinea pig albumin (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin after intravenous injection, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity in nasal fluid. Alkaline phosphatase was found to be localized to submucosal glands by zymography. Topical methacholine challenge increased the secretion of total protein, alkaline phosphatase activity, and albumin on the ipsilateral challenged side, whereas the percentage of total protein represented by albumin was not increased. This response was totally prevented by atropine pretreatment. Serial provocation with methacholine resulted in progressively reduced amounts of both the total protein and alkaline phosphatase in secretions. The observation that repeated challenges produced progressively smaller responses was also examined employing human nasal provocation. Repeating methacholine (25 mg) challenges four times at 10-min intervals in six human volunteers revealed that the initial challenge produced the largest response as reflected in total protein, albumin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, and secretory IgA secretion. When the constituents in secretions were analyzed in relationship to the total protein, the two vascular proteins, IgG and albumin, demonstrated the greatest decrements with repeated methacholine challenges. The glandular proteins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and secretory IgA, either remained constant or increased in their relative proportion to total protein. Thus, cholinergic stimulation causes glandular secretion from both the guinea pig and human nasal mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: A Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Gawin
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Baraniuk
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kaliner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D011506:Proteins; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D001285:Atropine; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase