title: Characterization of emission factors related to source activity for trichloroethylene degreasing and chrome plating processes.
abstract: A study at an automotive parts fabrication plant evaluated four metal surface treatment processes during production conditions. The evaluation provides examples of how to estimate process emission factors from activity and air concentration data. The processes were open tank and enclosed tank degreasing with trichloroethylene (TCE), chromium conversion coating, and chromium electroplating. Area concentrations of TCE and chromium (Cr) were monitored for 1-hr periods at three distances from each process. Source activities at each process were recorded during each sampling interval. Emission rates were determined by applying appropriate mass balance models to the concentration patterns around each source. The emission factors obtained from regression analysis of the emission rate and activity data were 16.9 g TCE/basket of parts for the open-top degreaser; 1.0 g TCE/1000 parts for the enclosed degreaser; 1.48-1.64 mg Cr/1000 parts processed in the hot CrO3/HNO3 tank for the chrome conversion coating; and 5.35-9.17 mg Cr/rack of parts for chrome electroplating. The factors were also used to determine the efficiency of collection for the local exhaust systems serving each process. Although the number of observations were limited, these factors may be useful for providing initial estimates of emissions from similar processes in other settings.
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago 60680.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wadden
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Scheff
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Franke
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis*; D004595:Electroplating; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D002857:Chromium; D014241:Trichloroethylene