title: An analysis of panic symptoms during hypercarbia compared to hypocarbia in patients with panic attacks.
abstract: Twenty panic disorder patients underwent a 35% CO2 challenge test and a hyperventilation provocation test. CO2-induced anxiety proved to correlate significantly with respiratory symptoms. These symptoms appeared to be considerably more severe during CO2 inhalation than during the hyperventilation provocation test, which induced no significant anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychiatry, State University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zandbergen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pols
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Griez
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010200:Panic / Q000187:drug effects*; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide