title: A longitudinal description of patterns of certification in internal medicine and the subspecialties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the timings, frequencies, and outcomes of attempts at certification in internal medicine and the internal medicine subspecialties in the years following residency training for two cohorts of residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Residents who had completed residency training and had been admitted to an American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) certifying examination in 1982 or 1983 were tracked through the ABIM database for five years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10,568 residents were studied. Of the cohort, 79% were men, 21% were women, 79% were graduates of U.S./Canadian medical schools (USMGs), and 21% were graduates of foreign medical schools (FMGs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ultimately, 85% of the residents achieved certification in internal medicine. Cumulative pass rates were 87% for men, 81% for women, 92% for USMGs, and 60% for FMGs; rates increased minimally after the second attempt. Most (87%) residents first attempted the internal medicine examination in the year in which training had been completed. Delaying the first examination was associated with lower pass rates. Half of the candidates who had passed the internal medicine examination attempted subspecialty certification. Over all nine subspecialty examinations, the two-cycle cumulative pass rate was 87%. Higher percentages of FMGs than of any other subgroup attempted subspecialty certification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detailed description extends the body of knowledge about certification in internal medicine and the nine internal medicine subspecialties. Questions are raised, such as why some candidates delay the first internal medicine examination and why some residents never seek certification. Future research could explore these issues as well as explanations for the observed differences in pass rates.
authors.affiliation: American Board of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Norcini
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Benson
mesh_terms: D002568:Certification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008511:Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013038:Specialization; D013997:Time Factors