title: Fish diet and physical fitness in relation to membrane and serum lipids, prostanoid metabolism and platelet aggregation in female students.
abstract: The effects of a 14-week fish diet and exercise programme on lipid metabolism and platelet aggregation in healthy female students (n = 99) were studied. The subjects were divided into four groups: a control group, a fish diet group (3.5 meals containing fish per week, 0.9 g n-3 fatty acids per day), an exercise group (at least three training sessions per week) and a combined fish diet and exercise group. The proportion of n-3 fatty acids increased at the expense of n-6 fatty acids in platelets and erythrocyte ghosts in the fish diet groups. Serum triglyceride concentrations tended to decrease in the fish diet and exercise groups and a significant decrease was found in the combined fish diet and exercise group (13%, P less than 0.05). No significant changes took place in the other serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations. Platelet production of thromboxane B2, plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations and adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation also remained unchanged in all groups during the study. However, an inverse correlation was found between physical fitness (maximal oxygen uptake and maximal exercise intensity) and serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and platelet aggregation. This suggests that improved physical fitness is related to beneficial changes in serum lipid concentrations and to a decreased aggregation tendency of platelets. The responses of the female subjects to a fish diet were smaller when compared to earlier studies on male subjects. This suggests that there are sex differences in the efficiency of n-3 fatty acids in modifying lipid metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Agren
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pekkarinen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Litmanen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hänninen
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000502:physiology*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D011453:Prostaglandins; D014280:Triglycerides; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha