title: Snoring and risk of cardiovascular disease.
abstract: In order to evaluate the possible role played by snoring as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, we studied 400 patients aged 30-80 years, divided into 4 groups matched for age, sex and body mass index. The first group consisted of 100 patients who snored, having risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, high serum cholesterol level) for cardiovascular disease. The second group consisted of 100 non-snoring patients with risk factors. The third and fourth groups were formed by 100 snoring and 100 non-snoring patients without risk factors. We investigated the morbidity and the mortality from cardiovascular disease over a period of five years (1982-1987). An increase in morbidity and mortality was found for snorers with risk factors (36 and 17 respectively) compared to non-snorers with risk factors (10 and 4, P less than 0.001), and also to both snorers and non-snorers without risk factors (7 and 3, P less than 0.001; 3 and 1, P less than 0.001 respectively). No difference was noted between snorers and non-snorers without risk factors. A higher morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular disease was found in snorers with risk factors as compared with non-snorers having risk factors. Furthermore, the morbidity and mortality in patients without risk factors was found to be lower compared with that found in snorers with risk factors. In conclusion, snoring worsened the prognosis of patients with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, but did not represent an independent or predictive risk factor in itself.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaninelli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fariello
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corda
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alicandri
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grassi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012913:Snoring / Q000453:epidemiology*