title: Cervical cancer and methods of contraception.
abstract: When evaluating whether the use of a particular method of contraception is associated with an increased or decreased risk of cervical cancer, it is important to be aware of the epidemiological factors which might lead to incorrect conclusions. After careful consideration of the issues, and examination of the available data, it is concluded that women who use oral contraceptives are possibly at increased risk of invasive cervical cancer; users of barrier methods probably have a decreased risk (although the protective effect may differ between the various types of barrier method); and that users of other methods of contraception do not have an altered risk.
authors.affiliation: Royal College of General Practitioners, Manchester Research Unit, UK.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hannaford
mesh_terms: D003267:Contraception / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D003273:Contraceptive Devices; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D012307:Risk Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral