title: Molecular cloning and structure of the human transforming growth factor-beta 2 gene promoter.
abstract: Genomic DNA extending over 10 kb 5' of the transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) coding region was isolated from a human lung fibroblast lambda phage library. A 5.6 kb Hind III fragment containing the 5'-untranslated region and flanking sequences was subcloned and sequenced. S1 nuclease protection analysis identified a transcriptional initiation site 1357 nucleotides 5' of the methionine initiation codon (ATG). A "TATA box" consensus sequence was identified 30 bp from this transcriptional start site; however, consensus "CAT box" sequences were not observed. Approximately 50 nucleotides of homopurine-pyrimidine [d(GA.CT)50] sequence were identified in the 5'-untranslated region, as well as two short open reading frames of 5 and 45 amino acids. Several AP-1, AP-2, CRE and SP1-like DNA consensus sequence elements were also identified surrounding the transcription initiation site. 5'-deletion mutants of the promoter region were fused to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene and promoter activity of the isolated genomic DNA was demonstrated in several cell lines. DNA constructs containing nucleotides between -508 to +63 demonstrated high levels of promoter activity. However, sequences between -778 and -508 nucleotides modulated this promoter activity in a manner which was dependent upon the cell line utilized, suggesting that regulation of TGF-beta 2 gene transcription may be dependent upon the cellular background. The TGF-beta 2 promoter is markedly different from the promoters that have been recently characterized for TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 3.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemoprevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Glick
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Geiser
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sporn
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015698:Genomic Library; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D004247:DNA