title: Effects of intranasal administration of norethisterone on folliculogenesis, cervical mucus, vaginal cytology, endometrial morphology and reproductive-endocrine profile in women.
abstract: The effects of intranasal administration of norethisterone (NET) on menstrual cycle length, folliculogenesis, serum levels of estradiol, FSH, LH and progesterone, vaginal cytology, cervical mucus and endometrial morphology were studied in 8 volunteers (age 28 to 39 years, weighing between 46 and 54 kg). The study period comprised 4 consecutive menstrual cycles. In the first cycle (pretreatment cycle), only the vehicle (alcohol, propylene glycol, water; 3:3:4) was sprayed intranasally (100 microliters in each nostril), using a metered nebulizer, once daily from day 3 to the last day of menstrual cycle. In the next two cycles (treatment cycles), NET (300 micrograms/day) was administered once daily, starting from day one of menstrual cycle, between 9 and 10 a.m. The fourth cycle was a post-treatment cycle in which the volunteers were monitored for recovery. Blood samples (about 5 ml each) were collected once daily from day 8 to 24 and thereafter on alternate days until the last day of cycle during all the 4 cycles. Levels of estradiol, FSH, LH and progesterone were measured in the serum samples by radioimmunoassay methods. Cervical mucus samples and vaginal smears were collected once daily starting from day 7 or 8 of each cycle until the mucus was very scanty. Serial pelvic ultrasonography was performed starting from day 7 or 8 until the growing follicle disappeared or throughout the cycle in case a growing follicular cyst was observed. Endometrial aspirates were collected once around day 22 in each cycle and processed for routine histological examination.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Reproduction (ICMR), Parel, Bombay, India.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chitlange
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hazari
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gopalkrishnan
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Vadigoppula
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Vernekar
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Borkar
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Puri
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D002582:Cervix Mucus / Q000187:drug effects*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D008598:Menstruation / Q000187:drug effects; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D010060:Ovulation / Q000187:drug effects; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014621:Vagina / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D009640:Norethindrone