title: Who is entitled to double effect?
abstract: The doctrine of double effect continues to be an important tool in bioethical casuistry. Its role within the Catholic moral tradition continues, and there is considerable interest in it by contemporary moral philosophers. But problems of justification and correct application remain. I argue that if the traditional Catholic conviction that there are exceptionless norms prohibiting inflicting some kinds of harms on people is correct, then double effect is justified and necessary. The objection that double effect is superfluous is a rejection of that normative conviction, not a refutation of double effect itself. This justification suggests the correct way of applying double effect to controversial cases. But versions of double effect which dispense with the absolutism of the Catholic tradition lack justification and fall to the objection that double effect is an unnecessary complication.
authors.affiliation: St. Michael's College, Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boyle
mesh_terms: D026688:Bioethical Issues; D032764:Casuistry; D002410:Catholicism; D034723:Double Effect Principle; D026689:Ethical Analysis; D028663:Ethical Theory; D004989:Ethics; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D015276:Health Care Rationing; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D009014:Morals; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D018579:Patient Selection; D010686:Philosophy, Medical; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D040841:Resource Allocation; D013812:Therapeutics / Q000009:adverse effects*