title: Management of posterior uveal melanoma.
abstract: In recent years, there have been a number of advances in the diagnosis and management of patients with malignant melanoma of the posterior uvea (ciliary body and choroid). This review provides a brief update on the current status of diagnostic modalities, such as fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, fine needle aspiration biopsy, and the radioactive phosphorus uptake test. Following that is a more detailed review of the current controversy regarding the natural course of uveal melanomas and the available therapeutic modalities. Current indications, techniques, complications, and results are provided for various forms of management, such as observation, laser photocoagulation, plaque radiotherapy, charged particle radiotherapy, local tumor resection, enucleation, and orbital exenteration.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Donoso
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D002924:Ciliary Body; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008028:Light Coagulation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy