title: Three-dimensional DNA image cytometry by confocal scanning laser microscopy in thick tissue blocks.
abstract: A method for the quantification of nuclear DNA in thick tissue blocks by confocal scanning laser microscopy is presented. Tissues were stained en bloc for DNA by chromomycin A3. Three-dimensional images, 60 microns deep, were obtained by stacking up confocal fluorescent images obtained with an MRC-500 (Bio-Rad, Richmond, CA). The effects due to bleaching and attenuation by depth of fluorescence emission were corrected mathematically. The DNA contents were estimated by summing up the detected emission intensities (discretized into pixel gray levels) from each segmented nucleus. Applications to an adult rat liver and to a human in situ carcinoma of theesophagus are shown to demonstrate, respectively, the precision of the method and its potential usefulness in histopathology. Comparisons are made with DNA histograms obtained on the same materials by image cytometry on smears and by flow cytometry. Ploidy peaks obtained with the confocal method, although wider than with other methods, are well separated. Confocal image cytometry offers the invaluable advantage of preserving the tissue architecture and therefore allowing, for instance, the selection of histological regions and the evaluation of the degree of heterogeneity of a tumor.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microscopie Quantitative en Histopathologie, U.263 INSERM, Université Paris, France.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rigaut
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vassy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herlin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duigou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Briane
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Foucrier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carvajal-Gonzalez
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mandard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D003720:Densitometry; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008099:Liver / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011003:Ploidies; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D004247:DNA