title: Development of a screening method for five sulfonamides in salmon muscle tissue using thin-layer chromatography.
abstract: A thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method was developed for the analysis of five sulfonamides [sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamerazine (SMRZ), sulfamethazine (SMTZ), sulfadimethoxine (SDMX) and sulfapyridine (SP)] in salmon muscle tissue. "Matrix solid-phase dispersion" was employed whereby the tissue sample was ground with C18-derivatized silica gel. This material was packed into a column and washed with 10% toluene in hexane (discarded) followed by dichloromethane which was evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on a high-performance TLC plate using ethyl acetate-n-butanol-methanol-aqueous ammonia (35:45:15:2, v/v). Sulfonamides were detected after spraying the plate with a solution of fluorescamine. Method parameters were determined by analyzing spiked salmon muscle tissue samples. The method detection limits at the 99% confidence level were 0.11, 0.44, 0.07, 0.13 and 0.13 ppm for SDZ, SMRZ, SMTZ, SDMX and SP, respectively. The lowest-detectable levels were approximately 0.04 ppm for SDZ, SMTZ, SDMX and SP, and 0.10 ppm for SMRZ. The average recoveries of analyses were 61, 63, 60, 63 and 57% for SDZ, SMRZ, SMTZ, SDMX and SP, respectively, and were found to be analyst-dependent. The method was found to give linear detector responses for all analytes over spiking levels ranging from 0 to 2 ppm.
authors.affiliation: CanTest Ltd., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Reimer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suarez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer / Q000379:methods*; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012474:Salmon / Q000378:metabolism*; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013412:Sulfadimethoxine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013416:Sulfamerazine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013427:Sulfapyridine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013449:Sulfonamides; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D013412:Sulfadimethoxine; D013418:Sulfamethazine; D013416:Sulfamerazine; D013427:Sulfapyridine