title: Metabolism of and inhibition by chlorobenzoates in Pseudomonas putida P111.
abstract: Pseudomonas putida P111 was isolated by enrichment culture on 2,5-dichlorobenzoate and was also able to grow on 2-chloro-, 3-chloro-, 4-chloro-, 2,3-dichloro-, 2,4-dichloro-, and 2,3,5-trichlorobenzoates. However, 3,5-dichlorobenzoate completely inhibited growth of P111 on all ortho-substituted benzoates that were tested. When 3,5-dichlorobenzoate was added as a cosubstrate with either 3- or 4-chlorobenzoate, cell yields and chloride release were greater than those observed from growth on either monochlorobenzoate alone. Moreover, resting cells of P111 grown on 4-chlorobenzoate released chloride from 3,5-dichlorobenzoate and produced no identifiable intermediate. In contrast, resting cells grown on 2,5-dichlorobenzoate metabolized 3,5-dichlorobenzoate without release of chloride and accumulated a degradation product, which was identified as 1-carboxy-1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-dichlorocyclohexadiene on the basis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmation of its two acid-hydrolyzed products, 3,5- and 2,4-dichlorophenol. Since 3,5-dichlorocatechol was rapidly metabolized by cells grown on 2,5-dichlorobenzoate, it is apparent that 1-carboxy-1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-dichlorocyclohexadiene is not further metabolized by these cells. Moreover, induction of a functional dihyrodiol dehydrogenase would not be required for growth of P111 on other ortho-chlorobenzoates since the corresponding chlorodihydrodiols produced from a 1,2-dioxygenase attack would spontaneously decompose to the corresponding catechols. In contrast, growth on 3-chloro-, 4-chloro-, or 3,5-dichlorobenzoate requires a functional dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, yet only the two monochlorobenzoates appear to induce for it.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Panama, Republic of Panama.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Higson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kondrat
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Focht
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002723:Chlorobenzoates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003470:Culture Media; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002723:Chlorobenzoates; D003470:Culture Media; D004785:Environmental Pollutants