title: Concentration of hydrophobic organic compounds and extraction of protein using alkylammoniosulfate zwitterionic surfactant mediated phase separations (cloud point extractions).
abstract: The zwitterionic surfactants 3-[nonyl- (or decyl-) dimethyl-ammonio]propyl sulfate, (C9-APSO4 or C10-APSO4) were synthesized using Nilsson's procedure, and their phase separation behavior under different experimental conditions was evaluated. The results indicate that such zwitterionic surfactants can be utilized for the extraction/preconcentration of hydro-phobic species in a manner akin to that previously reported for nonionic surfactants. This was demonstrated for several practical applications including the extraction/preconcentration of some steroidal hormones and vitamin E prior to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The zwitterionic surfactant mediated phase separation was also applied to the extraction of the hydrophobic membrane protein, bacterio-rhodopsin, from the hydrophilic cytochrome c protein, both originally present in an aqueous phase. The concentration factors for this aqueous two-phase extraction technique using C10-APSO4 ranged from 26 to 35 with recoveries in the range 88 to greater than 96%. Some comparative studies indicate that the use of zwitterionic surfactants in lieu of nonionic surfactants (e.g. polyoxyethylene(7.5) nonyl phenyl ether PONPE-7.5) in such an extraction method offers some significant advantages such as purer, homogeneous surfactant preparation, minimum background absorbance at UV detection wavelengths, the two-phase region occurring at lower temperatures, and greater extraction efficiencies/concentration factors among others.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hinze
mesh_terms: D000645:Ammonium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013256:Steroids / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014815:Vitamins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D013256:Steroids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014815:Vitamins; D000645:Ammonium Sulfate