title: Signs and symptoms from nicotine gum abstinence.
abstract: This study examined and compared withdrawal signs and symptoms from cessation of 0, 2 and 4 mg nicotine gum. In addition, a comparison was made between nicotine gum versus cigarette withdrawal symptoms. Smokers first underwent cigarette deprivation for 4 days and then were randomly assigned to 0 (N = 16), 2 (N = 25), and 4 (N = 21) mg gum. They were asked to chew the gum for 1 month and then to undergo a 4-day nicotine gum deprivation period. The results showed a number of significant changes occurring after deprivation from 4 mg gum, one change from 2 mg gum, and no changes from 0 mg gum. There were no significant differences in severity of withdrawal among the various doses of nicotine gum. There were more severe symptoms of withdrawal from cigarette as opposed to 4 mg nicotine gum deprivation.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skoog
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002638:Chewing Gum; D003367:Cotinine / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D009538:Nicotine; D003367:Cotinine