title: [Conditions for the development of isobaric counterdiffusion of inert gases and the criteria of its evaluation].
abstract: Investigation of superficial counterdiffusion of nitrogen against helium has been carried out to evaluate a possibility of its progress in divers (107 tests) under pressures equivalent to 32-450 m of sea water when breathing trimix being saturated in heliox at a constant ambient pressure without changing chamber environment. Breathing gas mixture contained 248-800 kPa of nitrogen, while chamber heliox media contained some additions of nitrogen (6-108 kPa). Clinical manifestations of breathing trimix (itching and gas bubble formation) were studied in divers. The development of counterdiffusion depends on the partial pressure of nitrogen not only in the breathing gas mixture but also in the chamber media. The breathing nitrogen level being increased and (or) decreased in the chamber media, the counterdiffusion symptoms grow relative to the number (%) of cases. Minimal critical values of nitrogen partial pressure gradients in the mixture which induce counterdiffusion skin lesions are 260-320 kPa on the average for the nitrogen concentration in the chamber mixture to 30 kPa. Isobaric supersaturation due to inert gases countertransport in body tissues as a result of gas-switching from heliox to trimix is responsible for the syndrome development.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Semko
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Bukharin
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Lastochkin
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Bardysheva
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D001273:Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; D004058:Diffusion; D004242:Diving; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006371:Helium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007222:Inert Gas Narcosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009326:Naval Medicine; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D006371:Helium; C038949:heliox; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen
vernacular_title: Usloviia razvitiia izobaricheskoĭ protivodiffuzii indifferentnykh gazov i kriterii ee otsenki.