title: Operational evaluation of three commercial configurations of atropine/HI-6 wet/dry autoinjectors.
abstract: Commercially manufactured wet/dry autoinjectors containing atropine in solution and powdered HI-6 were evaluated using HPLC for consistency of drug delivery with various solvation times and stability of drugs postsolvation at a temperature of 40 degrees C. Three configurations of autoinjector were tested. System A (SYS A), with a specified mixing time of 5 sec, delivered a volume of 3.0 ml containing 1.86 mg of atropine sulfate and 443 mg of the bispyridinium oxime HI-6 dichloride. System B1 (SYS B1) and System B2 (SYS B2), with specified mixing times of 40 sec, delivered volumes of 2.3 ml containing 2.13 and 2.06 mg atropine citrate and 424 and 545 mg HI-6 dichloride, respectively. Average coefficients of variation for SYS A were 3.4% for atropine and 5.8% for HI-6 and for SYS B1 and B2 were 5.2% for atropine and 7.0% for HI-6 determinations. Stored from 3 to 14 days at 40 degrees C after the autoinjector contents were mixed, SYS A delivered 1.77 mg atropine sulfate and SYS B1 and B2 delivered 2.02 mg atropine citrate. The delivery of HI-6 dichloride decreased with a half-life of 34 days for SYS A, 39 days for SYS B1, and 32 days for SYS B2. This resulted in a decrease to 90% of the respective day 0 amount after 4 (SYS A) or 5 (SYS B1 or B2) days.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5425.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Schlager
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Dolzine
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Wannarka
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D001285:Atropine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004355:Drug Stability; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007267:Injections / Q000295:instrumentation; D011208:Powders; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D012996:Solutions; D001285:Atropine