title: Comparative epidemiology of oral cancer in Brazil and India.
abstract: A comparison of the risk factors and occurrence of oral cancer in Brazil and India is presented. These two countries have among the highest incidence rates for such cancer in the world. A distinct pattern of risk factors was observed for each country: in India, tobacco chewing was the predominant risk factor: in Brazil, the major risk factor was the combination of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Observations by descriptive epidemiology reveal high age-standardized incidence rates of oral cancer along with some distinctive differences associated with age distribution, sex ratios, and trends in each country. The desirability of additional oral cancer prevention research is also emphasized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kasuga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless