title: Quantification of conservative endurance times in thermally insulated cold-stressed digits.
abstract: The estimation of endurance times of the digits exposed to cold weather is performed by an analytical, one-dimensional cylindrical model. Blood perfusion effects are lumped into a volumetric heat-generation term. Cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) effects are not included in the present analysis. Endurance times, defined by a drop in cylinder tip temperature to 5 degrees C, were evaluated. Parameters included in this evaluation were 1) environmental temperatures, 2) thermal insulation applied on the cylinder, 3) length of the cylinder, and 4) diameter of the cylinder. It was found that the lower the ambient temperature, the longer the finger, and the smaller its diameter, then the shorter the endurance time for the same thermal insulation. Results of the model were compared with measured data for a subject not exhibiting CIVD response to cold stress. Conformity of results calculated for an adjusted value of the volumetric heat-generation term and measured data was very good, with a maximum deviation of less than 10% at only one particular point in time. This model facilitates the conservative estimation of lower bounds to thermally insulated fingers and toes exposed to cold stress.
authors.affiliation: United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts 01760-5007.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shitzer
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Stroschein
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Santee
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Pandolf
mesh_terms: D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D003020:Clothing; D003081:Cold Climate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005385:Fingers / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology