title: Bloody needles: the volumes of blood transferred in simulations of needlestick injuries and shared use of syringes for injection of intravenous drugs.
abstract: Residual HIV-infected blood in needles and syringes is a source of HIV infection. Using radiolabelled blood we have stimulated needlestick injuries and sharing of syringes by intravenous drug users and quantified the volumes of blood which could be transferred to recipients in these situations. Up to 0.75 microliters of blood was transferred in needlestick simulations, but there was a large variation. In simulations of needlesharing, seven to ten times more blood was transferred from the index user to the first sharer when 2 ml syringes were used compared with 1 ml syringes. Washing with water was not effective in removing 'infected' blood from a syringe.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gaughwin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gowans
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burrell
mesh_terms: D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D016485:Needle Sharing / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016602:Needlestick Injuries / Q000097:blood*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*