title: Effects of dietary cadmium chloride throughout gestation on blood and tissue metabolites of primigravid and neonatal dairy cattle.
abstract: Thirty-six postpubertal Holstein heifers were allocated to three groups and fed the same diet, which differed only in the concentration of Cd: control group (.25 ppm of Cd), low-Cd group (1 ppm of Cd), and high-Cd group (5 ppm of Cd). Cadmium was supplemented to the low-Cd and high-Cd groups using CdCl2. Liver, kidney cortex, and abdominal muscle were biopsied for mineral analysis from one-half of the heifers of each group before Cd supplementation and again from the same animals within 5 d after parturition, 394 d later. Blood, liver, and muscle were collected from each calf within 5 h after birth. In the dam, 5 ppm of dietary Cd caused a 62-, 27-, and 4-fold increase in Cd of the kidney, liver, and muscle, respectively; kidney Zn and Fe increased (76%) and decreased (33%), respectively, whereas the serum Cu was reduced (31%). Liver Cu was reduced to 40 and 17% by dietary Cd of 1 and 5 ppm, respectively, in the dams. Calves from dams consuming 5 ppm of Cd had a 29 and 43% reduction in liver Cu and Zn, respectively. In these same calves, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, and serum Cu were decreased by 17, 18, and 25%, respectively, whereas serum Zn was increased (55%). Serum sodium and potassium were reduced by 4 and 13%, respectively, and blood urea nitrogen was increased by 63% in calves from dams consuming 5 ppm of Cd. Feeding primigravid dairy cattle up to 5 ppm of Cd as CdCl2 throughout gestation did not influence the concentration of Cd in the neonate but caused reductions in liver Cu and Zn; teratogenesis was not apparent.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Vet. Sci., Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Griel
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D002104:Cadmium; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D019256:Cadmium Chloride