title: The effect of certain intrinsic and extrinsic variables on the acute toxicity of selected organophosphorus insecticides to the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus.
abstract: The acute toxicity of two organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, azinphosmethyl and acephate, was evaluated in the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus. In addition, the effects of certain intrinsic (sex) and extrinsic (salinity and multiple toxicant interraction) variables on the toxic response were also investigated. Azinphosmethyl was by far the most toxic of the two OP insecticides with a 96h LC50 approximately 100,000 x lower than that for acephate. Slight sex differences were observed in the sensitivity of mummichogs to each of the OP insecticides with male fish being marginally more sensitive. Significant effects of low salinity stress were observed only with acephate exposure and, in this case, low salinity appeared to be slightly protective. In general, all of the insecticide mixtures (azinphosmethyl/endosulfan, azinphosmethyl/fenvalerate and acephate/fenvalerate) tested exhibited simple additive toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fulton
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001387:Azinphosmethyl / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007695:Killifishes; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D063088:Phosphoramides; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013022:South Carolina
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D063088:Phosphoramides; D001387:Azinphosmethyl; C001969:acephate