title: Nonencapsulated hemoglobin-based red blood cell substitutes: an updated view.
abstract: The characteristics and properties of the nonencapsulated hemoglobin (Hb)-based materials which have been used as substitutes for red blood cells are reviewed. The chemical and physical criteria such as oxygen dissociation, oxygen carrying capacity, antigenicity, viscosity, and circulatory retention time are described. The critical issue of Hb purity assurance testing is examined. The methods of the analyses which should be used to evaluate the lipid purity, endotoxin levels, and protein profile of Hb solutions are described. Additionally, the various approaches to Hb isolation, purification, and production are examined.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sheffield
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: DeLoach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D010100:Oxygen