title: High resolution NMR imaging: Gd-DTPA labeled enzyme as a probe for permeability studies in polyacrylamide gels.
abstract: The penetration of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLAD) molecules into polyacrylamide gel beads, which are used to immobilize the enzyme, was studied. HLAD was labeled with gadolinium diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), using the N-hydroxy-succinimide active ester of DTPA as a chelating agent. The HLAD-(Gd-DTPA)27 has a 3.7-fold larger longitudinal (R1) and a 14-fold larger transversal relaxivity (R2) (at 2.4 T) than the plain Gd-DTPA. A series of dry polyacrylamide gel beads, with total monomer concentration ranging from 5% to 30% were synthesized and swollen in a buffered solution of HLAD-(Gd-DTPA)27. The gel beads were examined with high resolution NMR imaging. The T1- and T2-weighted images revealed that the permeability for the labeled HLAD decreased with increasing total monomer concentration of the gel beads. These imaging results correlate fairly well with the enzymatic reactivities measured for the same range of gel beads but swollen in a solution of non labeled HLAD and NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). It is concluded that Gd-labeling can be used to monitor the distribution of weakly concentrated, water soluble products in a solid matrix.
authors.affiliation: Research Group for Biomedical NMR, University of Antwerp (UIA), Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spanoghe
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lanens
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gorrebeeck
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dommisse
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lemière
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van der Linden
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van de Vyver
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D005782:Gels; D006736:Horses; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010539:Permeability; D013388:Succinimides / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003287:Contrast Media; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005782:Gels; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D013388:Succinimides; C016680:polyacrylamide gels; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D005682:Gadolinium; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; C001426:N-hydroxysuccinimide