title: The accumulation and metabolism of a fluorescent ceramide derivative in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.
abstract: We have examined the accumulation and metabolism of N-[7-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)]aminocaproyl sphingosine (C6-NBD-cer) in Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3/A2-infected erythrocytes. C6-NBD-cer transferred to live infected erythrocytes at 2 degrees C to label the infected red cell surface and intracellular parasite membranes. Subsequent incubation for 30 min at 2 degrees C, resulted in a depletion of the ceramide label from the red cell membrane and an accumulation of fluorescence in parasite membranes, by an energy independent process. When the cells were subsequently warmed to 37 degrees C for 30 min, virtually all of the ceramide was converted to N-[7-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3- diazole)]aminocaproyl sphingosine-1-phosphocholine (C6-NBD-Sm). Uninfected erythrocytes were incapble of sphingomyelin synthesis. By fluorescence microscopy, sphingomyelin synthesis in infected erythrocytes occurred in compartments morphologically similar to those accumulating ceramide. To examine the intracellular sites of ceramide accumulation glutaraldehyde fixed cells were labeled with C6-NBD-ceramide and subsequently back extracted to remove excess probe. This resulted in a depletion of label at the red cell membrane but prominent fluorescence remained associated with the parasite. Photobleaching in the presence of diaminobenzidine resulted in precipitates in intraerythrocytic cisternae and the vacuolar membrane surrounding the parasite, rather than a perinuclear Golgi apparatus within the organism. The results support a novel organisation of plasmodial membranes regulating the accumulation and metabolism of C6-NBD-cer in infected erythrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, CA 94305.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haldar
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Uyetake
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghori
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Elmendorf
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D009327:4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C037974:N-(7-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole))-6-aminocaproyl sphingosine; D009327:4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan