title: Avoiding gas bubble formation during freeze substitution.
abstract: Gas bubbles frequently are formed during freeze substitution, especially when tissues are warmed to room temperature. The problem arises largely from the extreme solubility of CO2 in the freeze substitution solvent. Gas bubbles may be minimized by briefly transferring the tissue to freshly chilled solvent before warming to room temperature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-4238.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D005629:Frozen Sections; D005740:Gases; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D002245:Carbon Dioxide