title: The upper critical ambient temperature in neonatal chicks.
abstract: Heat production, dry matter, and water loss in the body and yolk sac of neonatal broiler chicks were measured during 24 h exposure to constant temperatures from 30.8 to 38.8 C. Average initial body and yolk sac weights were 41.6 and 4.4 g, respectively. Chicks housed at 30.8 C lost 3.5 g/day and chicks housed at 38.8 C lost 5.7 g/day of total body weight. Between 30.8 and 35.1 C, weight loss of the yolk sac was 1.9 g/day. At 38.8 C, weight loss of the yolk sac was 1.4 g/day. Weight lost from the yolk sac consisted of equal amount of dry matter and water. Water loss from the remainder of the chick's body (the total body without yolk sac) increased from 1.8 to 4.4 g as environmental temperature was raised from 30.8 to 38.8 C. This increase occurred mainly above about 35 C. Chick heat production increased with ambient temperature. Heat production as determined per subsequent 3-h period decreased with increasing duration of exposure from 34.6 to 28.2 kJ/kg per hour (1 kJ = .239 kcal) at 30.8 C and from 44.1 to 35.5 kJ/kg per hour at 38.8 C. The upper critical temperature was derived from regression of heat production on temperature. Results showed that this critical temperature was between 36 and 37 C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Husbandry, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van der Hel
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Verstegen
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Henken
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Brandsma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D001834:Body Water; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006799:Housing, Animal; D015431:Weight Loss; D015017:Yolk Sac