title: A review of antibiotic resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Europe.
abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae no longer has predictable antibiotic susceptibility. There are two areas of high prevalence of resistance (over 25%) to beta-lactam antibiotics in the South-West and North-East of Europe. In Spain, a close relationship has been found between the yearly rate of aminopenicillin consumption and penicillin resistance. High level resistance (MIC greater than or equal to 1 mg/L) has developed against a previous background of low level resistance. The serotypes involved in penicillin resistance in Spain are widespread in other countries. Macrolide resistance is high in France (over 15%) and is also increasing in other countries. All these resistant isolates remain susceptible to the most recent fluoroquinolones, such as temafloxacin. Prospective surveillance, more rational use of antibiotics and a diversification of antibiotic use in respiratory tract infections may serve to limit the threat of antibiotic resistance in S. pneumoniae.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baquero
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez-Beltrán
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loza
mesh_terms: D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005060:Europe; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*