title: Development, physicochemical characterization and preclinical efficacy evaluation of a water soluble glucan sulfate derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: This report describes the development, characterization and preclinical efficacy evaluation of water soluble glucan sulfate. Glucan sulfate was derived from insoluble beta-1,3-D-glucan isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The proposed repeating unit empirical formula of glucan sulfate is [(C6H10O5)5.3H2SO4]n. Two polymer peaks were resolved by aqueous high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with on-line multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) photometry and differential viscometry. Peak 1 (MW = 1219697 Da) represents approximately 1% of the total polymers, while peak 2 (MW = 8884 Da) accounts for approximately 99% of polymers. 13C-NMR spectroscopy suggests that glucan sulfate polymer strands may be partially cross-linked. Glucan sulfate (250 mg/kg, i.v.) increased (P less than 0.01) macrophage vascular clearance of 131I-reticuloendothelial emulsion by 42% (P less than 0.01) and in vitro bone marrow proliferation by 46% (P less than 0.05). Glucan sulfate (250 mg/kg, i.v.) increased (P less than 0.05) median survival time of C57B1/6J mice with syngeneic melanoma B16 or sarcoma M5076. In addition, glucan sulfate immunoprophylaxis increased resistance of mice to challenge with Escherichia coli, Candida albicans or Mouse Hepatitis Virus strain A-59. We concluded that: (1) insoluble beta-1,3-D-glucan can be converted to a water soluble sulfated form; (2) glucan sulfate activates macrophages and stimulates bone marrow; (3) glucan sulfate exerts antitumor therapeutic activity, and (4) glucan sulfate immunoprophylaxis will modify the course of experimental infectious disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pretus
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: McNamee
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Ensley
authors.forename: I W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Browder
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Di Luzio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005936:Glucans; D007155:Immunologic Factors