title: Effects of clomiphene citrate and leuprolide acetate on luteal-phase hyperprolactinemia during ovarian stimulation with menopausal gonadotropins.
abstract: Hyperprolactinemia, a known modulator of reproductive function, occurs commonly in women undergoing ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG). Clomiphene citrate (CC) and gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa), when administered during the luteal phase, attenuate the hyperprolactinemic response to hMG. We asked whether follicular-phase administration of CC and GnRHa, as employed clinically in women undergoing ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization or gamete intrafallopian transfer, would alter the incidence and severity of hMG-induced luteal-phase hyperprolactinemia. Seventy-five percent of all patients had at least one luteal prolactin level greater than 25 ng/ml, and 40% had mean luteal-phase prolactin levels greater than 25 ng/ml. The incidence of hyperprolactinemia was similar in pregnant and nonpregnant cycles. The incidence of hyperprolactinemia was similar for both the GnRH agonist-treated group and those given clomiphene citrate. The increase in mean luteal prolactin levels over the follicular-phase baseline level was significantly greater in the CC-treated group (P = 0.03). This was due to the significant suppression of follicular-phase baseline prolactin levels in patients receiving CC. We conclude that neither CC nor GnRHa administration in the follicular phase prevents luteal-phase hyperprolactinemia in women undergoing ovarian stimulation with hMG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7836.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Koong
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Olive
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Riehl
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Groff
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schenken
mesh_terms: D002996:Clomiphene / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000502:physiology; D015181:Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015994:Incidence; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000502:physiology*; D008596:Menotropins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D002996:Clomiphene; D008596:Menotropins; D011388:Prolactin; D016729:Leuprolide