title: Early angiographic and CT findings in patients with hemorrhagic infarction in the distribution of the middle cerebral artery.
abstract: Hemorrhagic infarction subsequent to ischemic brain damage, even if small, slight, or marbled, can be detected by CT. The mechanisms that give rise to this transformation in humans are not well elucidated. Previous reports indicate that hemorrhagic infarction is most common in embolic stroke and large infarcts, and can worsen the clinical state of ischemic patients. We examined 36 patients with supratentorial ischemic signs and symptoms within the first hours after onset. CT was used to judge if hypodensity on early CT studies might predict the development of hemorrhagic infarction. Angiography was used to observe the site of arterial occlusion, the state of collateral circulation, and the mechanisms of late reperfusion. Hemorrhagic infarction was present in 18 of our 36 patients. Angiography revealed occlusion of the middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery (three cases) in all patients. Hypodensity was present on early CT studies in all of the 18 patients who developed hemorrhagic infarction. The finding of hypodensity on CT studies performed soon after embolic ischemic stroke is strongly predictive of hemorrhagic transformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bozzao
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Angeloni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bastianello
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fantozzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierallini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fieschi
mesh_terms: D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed