title: Detection of Pneumocystis carinii sequences by polymerase chain reaction: animal models and clinical application to noninvasive specimens.
abstract: Pneumocystis carinii is a eukaryotic microbe which causes fatal pneumonia in patients with AIDS. Oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify the 5S rDNA sequence of P. carinii by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in various clinical and animal samples. Of 35 independent lung specimens tested, PCR detected the P. carinii sequence in all 23 cases which were known to be P. carinii infected, i.e., 15 from mice, 1 from rat, 3 from human autopsy, and 4 from biopsy of AIDS patients by needle aspiration. The results were consistent with clinical and microscopic diagnosis. The detection was highly sensitive and specific. Direct sequencing of these amplified DNAs revealed homogeneity of 5S rDNA sequences of independent isolates from mice, rats, and humans. Preliminary trials manifested efficacy of the PCR method to detect P. carinii sequences in induced sputum or blood from AIDS patients, the latter case suggesting that P. carinii might enter peripheral blood via phagocytosis or direct intrusion. Development of less-invasive or noninvasive PCR diagnostic techniques to detect P. carinii infection would greatly facilitate therapeutic and prophylactic management of P. carinii pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Biology, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Serikawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsunoo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D011010:Pneumocystis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012331:RNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012341:RNA, Ribosomal, 5S / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D012331:RNA, Fungal; D012341:RNA, Ribosomal, 5S