title: Robust electromagnetic probe for the monitoring of lithotriptor output.
abstract: The ability to measure the powers and pressures generated by extracorporeal lithotriptors is important for both patient safety and treatment planning. Regular measurements of output have been impossible in the past because there have been no instruments available that could withstand prolonged or repeated exposure to lithotriptor fields. The literature contains reports of various devices that have been used to make measurements of lithotriptor output, and these are briefly described here. The authors report the use of a new electromagnetic probe as a robust monitoring device. It has been tested by comparison with a PVdF coplanar membrane hydrophone, by comparison with the results of disintegrating a series of synthetic stones and by impact measurements. The electromagnetic probe has also been used to monitor the output of a piezoelectric extracorporeal lithotriptor over a 12-month period. Fluctuations in pulse energy of up to 350% were observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pye
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Parr
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: McDicken
mesh_terms: D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation