title: Experimental models of endotoxaemia related to abortion in the mare.
abstract: Three different routes of administering Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin to mimic naturally occurring endotoxaemia were tried in the mare. Bolus injection, repeated bolus injections and continuous low-dose infusion were compared with prostaglandin F2 alpha release, leucocyte count and clinical response. A biphasic prostaglandin release and a pronounced leucopenia of almost identical patterns were seen in all models. Repeated bolus injections showed that the second injection initiated only a small prostaglandin release indicating the development of refractoriness to the treatment. A similar refractoriness or desensitization occurred during the low-dose infusion. Flunixin meglumine, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, administered in different combinations in association with endotoxin demonstrated that this compound must be used at an early stage to prevent endotoxaemia and its deleterious effects on pregnancy. Taken together, the results show that horses are sensitive to endotoxins such that a short period of challenge (about 30 min) is enough to cause clinical signs and reproductive disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kindahl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daels
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Odensvik
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Daunt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fredricksson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stabenfeldt
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000034:Abortion, Veterinary / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D003002:Clonixin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D006736:Horses; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000097:blood*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D011453:Prostaglandins; C014558:flunixin meglumine; D003002:Clonixin