title: Inverse association between fish intake and risk of glucose intolerance in normoglycemic elderly men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of fish intake with the subsequent risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus (glucose intolerance).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1971, information about food intake was obtained by the cross-check dietary history method on 175 men and women aged 64-87 yr who were normoglycemic and free of clinical diabetes. During the follow-up period from 1972 to 1975, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed annually, and in 59 of 175 elderly people a diagnosis of glucose intolerance was made at least once.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1971, approximately 60% of the subjects usually ate fish, with a mean daily intake of 24.2 g. In fish eaters, the incidence of glucose intolerance was significantly lower compared with nonfish eaters (odds ratio [OR] 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21-0.77). With logistic regression analysis, this inverse association could not be explained by taking into account age and sex or possible confounding baseline characteristics, such as the prevalence of myocardial infarction, body mass index, energy intake per kilogram body weight, or intake of carbohydrates (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.93). Baseline characteristics of the oral glucose tolerance test and serum triglyceride levels could also not account for this result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that, in an elderly population, the habitual consumption of a small amount of fish may protect against the development of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Feskens
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bowles
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kromhout
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins