title: Congenital heart disease.
abstract: The clinical usefulness of M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography has been proven over the years. M-mode echocardiography allows an 'ice-pick' sampling of the heart, but in conjunction with two-dimensional echocardiography, assessments of cardiac structure and, to some extent, myocardial function can be appreciated. The limitations of these techniques include difficulty in 1) diagnosing subtle congenital heart disease and 2) estimating the severity of valvular lesions (stenosis and regurgitation). Doppler echocardiography overcomes these limitations by detecting abnormal direction, velocity, and turbulence of the blood flow (Chapter 2). This chapter will focus mainly on the two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiographic features of common congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Mobile Referral Cardiology and Internal Medicine Consultation Service, Westford, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004285:Dogs; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000662:veterinary*; D004694:Endocardial Cushion Defects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D006343:Heart Septal Defects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary