title: Parental fertility and infant hypospadias: an international case-control study.
abstract: The authors have performed an international case-control study on the significance of exogenous hormones for the origin of hypospadias (Källén et al., 1991 a,b). Using data from this study on 846 infants with isolated hypospadias and equally many controls (next male infant born in the same hospital as the case), variables that might indicate an increased rate of fertility problems in couples who had a boy with hypospadias were studied. Cases had slightly fewer previous pregnancies, there was practically no difference in the rate of previous induced abortions, and no demonstrable difference in menstrual history. Infertility periods of at least 6 months were more likely among cases than controls but the difference did not reach statistical significance in a two-tailed test. There was no demonstrable difference in the time to conceive between cases and controls. The difficulties of directly studying subfertility problems are stressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Embryology, University of Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Källén
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Castilla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kringelbach
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lancaster
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martínez-Frías
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mastroiacovo
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mutchinick
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Robert
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D007246:Infertility / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D008572:Menarche; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D010298:Parity
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral