title: Diffuse embolization following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of occluded vein grafts: the blush phenomenon.
abstract: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed on 146 saphenous vein grafts in 116 patients. In 29 patients, 31 grafts were totally occluded. Myocardial staining lasting over 5 minutes--"the blush phenomenon"--followed the opening of the occluded grafts in 9 of these patients. In 5 of these 9, enzyme release suggested infarction. A sixth patient died within a few hours of PTCA, with suspected infarction. Autopsy demonstrated diffuse and extensive distal coronary arterial embolization of grumous material, including cholesterol crystals, platelets, and fibrin. The blush phenomenon was not seen following PTCA in the remaining 20 patients with total occlusions, nor in any of the 87 patients with stenosed grafts. We have not observed the blush phenomenon following PTCA of more than 3300 coronary arteries. Of the 9 patients demonstrating the blush phenomenon, 6 had a recent history of myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris, compared with 4 of the remaining 20 patients with occluded grafts. We now approach occluded grafts with injection of intragraft thrombolytic agents or with atherectomy prior to PTCA. Future approaches may include atherectomy or laser angioplasty.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Laboratory, South Miami Hospital, Florida 33143.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Margolis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mogensen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krauthamer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004617:Embolism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents