title: Strength and bite, Part 1: An analytical review.
abstract: The original clinical observations and research in the area of bite and strength enhancement studied individuals with obvious malocclusion and a subject population with mixed occlusions. An increase in isometric strength was obtained when biting on a K-MORA, an intraoral device that supports a mandibular position determined by a functional criterion. The criterion is a locking response to the Isometric Deltoid Press, a muscle challenge used by kinesiologists. Rather than replication with improved design, subsequent research (1) employed different mandibular positions based on therapeutic, electrical impulse or structural criteria; (2) tested mainly isokinetic strength; (3) referred to "strength" without qualification, implying more generalization than the findings actually allowed; (4) criticized and rejected positive findings by attributing strength increase to the placebo effect even though in no instance has the placebo effect been demonstrated in this field. Considering published and unpublished research on isometric strength and the irrelevance of many studies that found no difference in isokinetic strength, it is concluded that it is most probable that isometric strength is increased by the K-MORA in mixed populations.
authors.affiliation: Tufts University School of Dental Medicine.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Forgione
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Westcott
mesh_terms: D001732:Bite Force; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D007700:Kinetics; D008334:Mandible / Q000502:physiology; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D015990:Placebo Effect