title: Progesterone acts at the plasma membrane of human sperm.
abstract: There has been increasing interest in the relationship between rapid effects of steroids and steroid-plasma membrane interaction. This laboratory has previously reported that progesterone increases human sperm cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) and thereby initiates the human sperm acrosome reaction (AR) in less than 1 min. Herein, to test whether progesterone acts at the sperm plasma membrane, progesterone 3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime: bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate (free of unconjugated progesterone) was added to capacitated human sperm. Fura-2 assays were used to detect less than 1 min changes in [Ca2+]i, and indirect immunofluorescence was used to assay the AR occurring 1 min after stimulus addition. The conjugate increased [Ca2+]i and the AR (though less than did unconjugated progesterone). Enzyme immunoassays demonstrated that the concentrations of unconjugated progesterone in conjugate-treated sperm suspensions did not increase over those of control suspensions. Since the progesterone: BSA conjugate presumably does not cross the sperm plasma membrane, progesterone must act at that membrane to increase [Ca2+]i and the AR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis 95616-8643.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meizel
authors.forename: K O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D011374:Progesterone / Q000502:physiology*; D013075:Sperm Capacitation; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D002118:Calcium