title: The use of restraints in caring for the elderly: realities, consequences and alternatives.
abstract: Little has been accomplished over the last 20 years to help free the elderly from restraints, either physical/mechanical restraints or chemical. The nation's legal and health care systems encourage restraint of the elderly for their "safety," while simultaneously limiting their autonomy, independence and mobility. This article reviews pertinent research carried out on the use of restraints, addresses the legal and ethical aspects of restraints, and discusses the psychological and physical consequences related to their use. Alternative health care actions are suggested in place of the use of restraints.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Conely
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology