title: Inguinal pick in invasive penile carcinoma: can it stage node negative patients?
abstract: In node negative patients of invasive penile carcinoma, prophylactic lymphadenectomy is associated with considerable morbidity, while a "wait and watch" policy is associated with up to 20% cancer related mortality in many series. In between, selective node biopsies, including sentinel node biopsies, have been suggested to stage these patients. However, these procedures are unreliable and associated with high false negative rates. The inguinal pick procedure was devised by us to stage these patients more accurately. It is more elaborate that the previously described selective biopsies and includes biopsy of all identifiable nodes in the inguinal region, including the sentinel node area. In our experience of the procedure in 52 patients with invasive penile carcinoma, it was positive in 5 patients (9.6%). However, 7 of the 47 patients with negative result developed inguinal recurrences and 3 other patients developed distant metastases on follow up. The 5-year disease free survival of inguinal pick positive and negative patients was 100% and 82.9%, respectively. The sensitivity of the procedure in detecting regional spread in these patients was only 72%. Thus, the inguinal pick, though associated with no morbidity, can be meaningful only if it is positive and a negative result does not guarantee absence of regional metastases in node negative patients of invasive penile carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genitourinary Surgery, Cancer Institute (WIA), Madras, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ravi
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Mallikarjuna
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007264:Inguinal Canal; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity