title: Pharmacokinetics of dipyridamole-beta-cyclodextrin complex in healthy volunteers after single and multiple doses.
abstract: Dipyridamole is a well known anti-aggregating agent characterized by poor water solubility as well as scant and variable bioavailability. Recently, the compound was complexed with beta-cyclodextrin forming a molecular encapsulation resulting in better oral absorption and stronger biological activities in animals. In the present study, a randomized double blind cross-over comparison between dipyridamole-beta-cyclodextrin complex (dip-beta-CD) and dipyridamole was performed in 12 healthy subjects after single (75mg) and multiple oral treatments (75mg TID). Dip-beta-CD showed better bioavailability and less interindividual variability than dipyridamole either after single or multiple doses. In particular, dip-beta-CD had a greater AUC and Cmax, and a smaller Tmax even at the steady state. In addition, 100% of the subjects receiving a single dose of dip-beta-CD, as compared to 66.7% of those treated with dipyridamole, had plasma levels superior to 1 microgram/ml (which is the supposed anti-aggregating threshold level). In contrast, 0 and 33.03% of the subjects showed plasma levels superior to 2.5 micrograms/ml (which might cause the appearance of side-effects) on the 7th day of the multiple treatment with dip-beta-CD and dipyridamole, respectively. In fact, the subjects presenting higher levels after uncomplexed dipyridamole also complained of headache and/or dizziness on occasion. No adverse side effects were reported for dip-beta-CD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ricevuti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzone
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pasotti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uccelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pasquali
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gazzani
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Fregnan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004176:Dipyridamole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D003505:Cyclodextrins; D004176:Dipyridamole