title: Acute effects of maternal cigarette smoking on fetal heart rate and fetal body movements felt by the mother.
abstract: Acute effects of maternal cigarette smoking on fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal body movements felt by the mother (FM) were studied in 51 pregnant volunteers. Thirty four were chronic smokers (6 or more cigarettes per day, with an average of 14 cigarettes/day) and 17 were sporadic smokers (1 to 5 cigarettes per day, with an averaged of 3 cigarettes/day). In both groups the number of FM, fetal reactivity and short-term FHR variability decreased significantly in the 20 minutes following cigarette smoking; a sustained FHR rise of 10 or more beats/min was also found after the cigarette in more than 50% of the cases in the 2 groups. No statistically significant differences were found among the 2 groups when the post-cigarette data were compared. We conclude that maternal cigarette smoking produces important acute effects upon FM and FHR regardless the average daily number of cigarettes smoked by the mother.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Graça
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clode
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calhaz-Jorge
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005324:Fetal Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000187:drug effects