title: Ochratoxin A as a contaminant in the human food chain: a Canadian perspective.
abstract: Penetration of ochratoxin A into the human food chain in Canada was assessed by analysing stored grains, porcine blood and, finally, human blood. The potential for mycological growth and production of ochratoxin A was determined in 164 samples of stored grain (barley, wheat, maize and silage) collected from producers in Manitoba. A total of 34% were found to have the capacity to produce ochratoxin A; 14.5% had concentrations greater than 1.0 mg/kg. In 1988, 1200 blood samples were obtained from swine destined for slaughter in western Canada. High-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that 3.6% of the 194 blood samples collected in February and March and 4.2% of the 1006 collected in May, June and July had concentrations of ochratoxin A that exceeded 20 ng/ml. In a subsequent survey of porcine blood carried out in 1989-90, 16-65% of the samples had detectable levels of ochratoxin A, at mean concentrations of 5.4-19.4 ng/ml. Subsequently, human blood samples were collected from 159 individuals, 69 of whom had some form of renal impairment. Of the latter, 40% had detectable levels of ochratoxin A, and 12% had concentrations greater than 0.5 ng/ml. Of the non-renal patients, 39% had detectable levels of ochratoxin A, and 11% had concentrations greater than 0.5 ng/ml. These studies demonstrate that ochratoxin A is present in the blood of people in Canada and that two possible points of entry of this toxin into the human food chain are contaminated grain and pork products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Frohlich
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Marquardt
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ominski
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002170:Canada; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D012621:Seasons; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A