title: The balance of positive and negative affects in major depression: a further test of the States of Mind model.
abstract: The States of Mind (SOM) model provided a framework for assessing the balance between self-reported positive and negative affects in a sample of 39 outpatients with major depression and 43 healthy control subjects. The SOM model proposes that healthy functioning is characterized by an optimal balance of positive (P) and negative (N) cognitions or affects (P/(P + N) approximately 0.63), and that psychopathology is marked by deviations from the optimal balance. Research thus far has focused on the functional significance of cognitive rather than affective balance. Within this framework, we hypothesized that patients in untreated episodes of major depression would balance their positive and negative affects at the same level where depressed patients in other studies have balanced their positive and negative cognitions--namely, at P/(P + N) approximately 0.37. Points and confidence interval (CI) estimation procedures yielded results (mean = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.30 - 0.40) consistent with this hypothesis in a sample of 39 depressed male outpatients. Correlational analysis indicated that affect balance is inversely related to symptom severity as measured by self-report (Beck) and clinician-rating (Hamilton) scales.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Garamoni
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Thase
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fasiczka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001290:Attitude; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D006167:Guilt; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics