title: Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models in risk and exposure assessment.
abstract: Pharmacokinetic non-linearities occur between different doses and between different species. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are accurate tools for taking these non-linearities into account. Dichloromethane and perchloroethylene are two examples discussed in this paper. For dichloromethane the pharmacokinetic non-linearity factor results in a greater delivered dose than would be predicted from linear relationships as the dose increases. For perchloroethylene the opposite holds true. In addition a brief illustration of the use of pharmacokinetic models as tools for interpreting biomarker data is provided.
authors.affiliation: United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Blancato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001711:Biotransformation; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013045:Species Specificity; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008752:Methylene Chloride; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene