title: 1,8-Naphthalic anhydride antidote enhances the toxic effects of captan and thiram fungicides on Azospirillum brasilense cells.
abstract: The effects of ten fungicides, six herbicides and four insecticides on the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azospirillum brasilense were examined. The fungicides captan and thiram were the most toxic among the compounds tested. Cell growth and nitrogenase activity of the bacterium were markedly inhibited by low concentrations of the two fungicides. Antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride increased by a factor of 2 the cellular level of glutathione. The addition of the antidote in the presence of captan or thiram caused a similar increase in the glutathione content, but at the same time enhanced the toxicity of the two fungicides.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gallori
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casalone
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Colella
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polsinelli
mesh_terms: D015806:Azospirillum brasilense / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002215:Captan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013893:Thiram / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006540:Herbicides; D007306:Insecticides; D009281:Naphthalenes; D013893:Thiram; C012514:1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid anhydride; D002215:Captan; D005978:Glutathione