title: Protein/DNA interactions involving ATF/AP1-, CCAAT-, and HiNF-D-related factors in the human H3-ST519 histone promoter: cross-competition with transcription regulatory sites in cell cycle controlled H4 and H1 histone genes.
abstract: Protein/DNA interactions of the H3-ST519 histone gene promoter were analyzed in vitro. Using several assays for sequence specificity, we established binding sites for ATF/AP1-, CCAAT-, and HiNF-D related DNA binding proteins. These binding sites correlate with two genomic protein/DNA interaction domains previously established for this gene. We show that each of these protein/DNA interactions has a counterpart in other histone genes: H3-ST519 and H4-F0108 histone genes interact with ATF- and HiNF-D related binding activities, whereas H3-ST519 and H1-FNC16 histone genes interact with the same CCAAT-box binding activity. These factors may function in regulatory coupling of the expression of different histone gene classes. We discuss these results within the context of established and putative protein/DNA interaction sites in mammalian histone genes. This model suggests that heterogeneous permutations of protein/DNA interaction elements, which involve both general and cell cycle regulated DNA binding proteins, may govern the cellular competency to express and coordinately control multiple distinct histone genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Wijnen
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D051696:Activating Transcription Factors; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D015342:DNA Probes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008745:Methylation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013463:Sulfuric Acid Esters / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D051696:Activating Transcription Factors; D001798:Blood Proteins; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D015342:DNA Probes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C071109:HINF-D protein, human; D006657:Histones; D013463:Sulfuric Acid Esters; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; C007482:dimethyl sulfate