Use of bromoergocryptine in the validation of protocols for the assessment of mechanisms of early pregnancy loss in the rat.
Validated protocols for evaluating maternally mediated mechanisms of early pregnancy failure in rodents are needed for use in the risk assessment process. To supplement previous efforts in the validation of a panel of protocols assembled for this purpose, bromoergocryptine (BEC) was used as a model compound because it is known to inhibit pituitary prolactin secretion. BEC was tested using the early pregnancy protocol (EPP), the decidual cell response technique (DCR), the pre- vs postimplantation protocol (PPP), and embryo transport rate analysis (ETRA). These protocols evaluate the effects of chemicals on multiple endpoints following exposure during (a) the first 8 days of pregnancy, (b) early pseudopregnancy accompanied by decidual induction, (c) the pre- and postimplantation intervals of early pregnancy, or (d) the period of embryo transport. In the EPP, dosing with BEC during Days 1-8 of pregnancy reduced the number of implantation sites found on Day 9 as well as serum progesterone. The DCR technique revealed a dose-dependent inhibition of decidual growth concomitant with decreased serum progesterone as a result of BEC treatment. A modified DCR technique using hormone-supplemented ovariectomized rats demonstrated that BEC did not impair decidual growth in the presence of adequate progestogenic support. Pre- vs postimplantation dosing indicated that implantation is vulnerable to BEC effects at least through Day 4. BEC had no effect on embryo transport rate. Data from these protocols identified BEC as having adverse maternal effects during early pregnancy. While the pituitary was not identified by these protocols as the site of BEC's primary action, the protocols did identify a reduction in serum progesterone and impaired uterine function as toxicological mechanisms mediating the reduced fertility seen following BEC exposure.
Cummings
A M
AM
Reproductive Toxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.
Perreault
S D
SD
Harris
S T
ST
D000034:Abortion, Veterinary / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000818:Animals; D001971:Bromocriptine / Q000633:toxicity*; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats
D001971:Bromocriptine