title: Techniques and complications of pacemaker implantation in four cats.
abstract: Pacemakers were successfully implanted in 4 adult and geriatric cats with bradycardia and associated signs. Various implantation techniques were used. Complications developed in 3 of the cats, generally more severe in 2 of the 3 cats in which thoracotomy and celiotomy were performed than in the cat in which a transvenous endocardial pacing technique was used. After surgery, pacemaker functions were reprogrammed noninvasively in 2 cats. All 4 cats survived without syncope for a mean of 33.1 months after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10021.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Moise
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Woodfield
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Darke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001146:Arrhythmia, Sinus / Q000662:veterinary; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D002415:Cats; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006327:Heart Block / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D012086:Reoperation / Q000662:veterinary