title: Anti-estrogen induced synthesis of transforming growth factor-beta in breast cancer patients.
abstract: Estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer is usually an aggressive, hormone independent tumour. Recent studies show that growth of these tumours could be influenced by anti-estrogens. Anti-estrogens appear to stimulate the production of Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta) in hormone dependent as well as independent cell lines suggesting as a result inhibition of cellular proliferation of these cell lines by TGF-beta through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mirza
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta