title: Two-stage papain-indirect antiglobulin test and LISS direct agglutination are not appropriate for pretransfusion screening for unexpected antibodies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The screening for unexpected antibodies has proved to be a suitable pretransfusion compatibility method, but controversy still remains regarding the most appropriate serologic techniques to use in such a screening and, in particular, whether or not to use enzyme-based methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a period of three years, 27,149 patient sera submitted to pretransfusion testing were screened for unexpected antibodies. Serologic techniques included LISS-direct agglutination (DAG) reading plus indirect antiglobulin test (IAT), and two-stage papain (2SP)-IAT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 592 (2.18%) serum samples yielded a positive result. Further studies of these specimens disclosed 466 alloantibodies in 371 cases, and 221 unwanted positive reactivities. 2SP-IAT and LISS-DAG allowed the detection of 124 alloantibodies missed by LISS-IAT (78 anti-Lewis, 33 anti-E, 7 anti-P1, 2 anti-K1, 2 anti-K3, 1 anti-M, 1 anti-Cw), but were responsible for 81% of the unwanted positive reactivities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since most alloantibodies detected only by 2SP-IAT or LISS-DAG were of doubtful clinical significance, and these techniques produced a high number of unwanted positive reactivities, we conclude that 2SP-IAT and LISS-DAG are not appropriate for the pretransfusion screening for unexpected antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Hospital Clinico, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazzara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gelabert
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castillo
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000379:methods*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D003298:Coombs Test; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006801:Humans; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D008403:Mass Screening; D010206:Papain
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D007518:Isoantibodies; D010206:Papain