title: Hemostatic changes due to the venom gland extract of the red-necked keelback snake (Rhabdophis subminiatus).
abstract: After a bite by the aglyphous red-necked keelback snake Rhabdophis subminiatus a complete defibrinogenation syndrome with severe hemorrhagic diathesis developed in a 25-year-old man. In vitro studies showed that the venom gland extract of the snake contains a very active prothrombin (Factor II) activator. The thrombin generated is inhibited neither by antithrombin III nor the antithrombin-III-heparin complex. The venom gland extract stimulated also the tissue plasminogen activator; however, it did not cause direct activation of plasminogen, protein C, Factor X or direct degradation of fibrinogen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Essen, F.R.G.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Zotz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mebs
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirche
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000494:pharmacology; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D005088:Exocrine Glands / Q000502:physiology*; D005170:Factor X / Q000502:physiology; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000502:physiology; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000502:physiology; D011486:Protein C / Q000378:metabolism; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000503:physiopathology; D012911:Snakes / Q000502:physiology*; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism; D014688:Venoms / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011486:Protein C; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D014688:Venoms; D000990:Antithrombin III; D005170:Factor X; D005340:Fibrinogen; D010958:Plasminogen; D006493:Heparin; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator