title: Continuous-infusion cyclophosphamide plus vincristine, cytosine-arabinoside and prednisone for refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite more aggressive salvage regimens, the prognosis of refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is still poor. Hence, alternative approaches are warranted in heavily pretreated patients. Some studies suggest the enhancement of cyclophosphamide (CY) activity when given by continuous infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the effectiveness of this scheduling in refractory ALL, we treated 15 adult patients (4 primary resistant, 11 relapsed and refractory to salvage regimens) with a seven-day course of CY 350 mg/m2/day by continuous i.v. infusion, associated with vincristine, cytosine-arabinoside and prednisone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median time for hematologic recovery was 18 days, with negligible extramedullary toxicity. Two patients died while aplastic, 3 were non responders, 10 (66%) achieved complete remission after the first cycle. The response duration ranged from 5 to 32 (median 14) weeks, and the median survival of responders was 23 weeks. It is noteworthy that half of the responding patients had been resistant to prior CY in different schedules and other drug combinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data seem to confirm that CY exerts its best antineoplastic activity by continuous infusion.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Ematologia, USL 10/D, Università, Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciolli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leoni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caporale
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salti
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ferrini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000380:Agranulocytosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D003561:Cytarabine; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011241:Prednisone; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D014750:Vincristine
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine; D014750:Vincristine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone