title: Heavy-charged-particle radiosurgery for intracranial arteriovenous malformations.
abstract: We have treated over 400 patients with symptomatic inoperable intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with stereotactic heavy-charged-particle Bragg peak radiosurgery at the University of California at Berkeley in a collaborative program with Stanford University Medical Center and the University of California Medical Center, San Francisco. A long-term dose-searching clinical trial protocol has been developed and we have followed more than 250 patients for more than 2 years. Initially, radiation doses ranged from 45 to 35 GyE, and now doses of 25, 20, 15 and, under special circumstances, 10 GyE, depending on a number of factors, are being evaluated. The characteristics of charged-particle beams provide a relatively homogeneous dose distribution with the 90% isodose contour to the periphery of the lesion. When the entire arterial phase of the AVM core is included in the treatment field, the rates for complete obliteration 3 years after treatment are: 90-95% for volumes less than or equal to 4 cm3; 90-95% for volumes greater than 4 and less than or equal to 14 cm3; and 60-70% for volumes greater than 14 cm3. The total obliteration rate for all volumes up to 70 cm3 is approximately 80-85%. For complete radiation-induced obliteration there is a relationship of dose and volume primarily, and location secondarily. Results on relationships between dose, AVM obliteration, and complications and sequelae of the radiosurgical procedure are presented and discussed.
authors.affiliation: Donner Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Fabrikant
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Silverberg
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lyman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006371:Helium; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D007477:Ions; D008297:Male; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D006371:Helium