CpG methylation of an endogenous retroviral enhancer inhibits transcription factor binding and activity.
The endogenous retrovirus, intracisternal A-particle (IAP), is expressed at unique stages during murine embryogenesis and is also activated during the in vitro differentiation of F9 cells. We have examined the DNA elements and protein factors that control IAP expression during F9 differentiation. In the present study an IAP upstream enhancer (IUE) is identified by transient transfection assays and found to be active in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Further analyses reveal that a ubiquitous 65 kDa protein factor, the IUE binding protein (IUEB), binds with the IUE. Site-specific methylation within the IUEB binding site strongly inhibits both IUEB binding and IUE transcriptional activity, suggesting that methylation may regulate IUE function and IAP expression.
Lamb
B T
BT
Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
Satyamoorthy
K
K
Li
L
L
Solter
D
D
Howe
C C
CC
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015257:DNA-Cytosine Methylases; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D007426:Genes, Intracisternal A-Particle / Q000235:genetics*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008745:Methylation; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000502:physiology; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015257:DNA-Cytosine Methylases; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; D014157:Transcription Factors; C015772:CpG dinucleotide; C037664:DNA modification methylase HhaI