title: Clearance of liposomal gadolinium: in vivo decomplexation.
abstract: The contrast agents gadolinium-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), Gd-DOTA (tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid), and Gd-HP-DO3A (1,4,7-tris[carboxymethyl]-10-[2' hydroxypropyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) are used in humans as extracellular contrast agents. Although free Gd+ ion is toxic, the intact Gd3+ complexes are rapidly excreted and are relatively nontoxic. Decomplexation with release of free gadolinium is a relevant clinical concern in patients with altered renal clearance. Blood pool contrast agents currently under development may have longer clearance half-lives and be more prone to decomplexation. The present study was designed to evaluate the clearance of liposomally encapsulated Gd3+ complexes (DTPA, DOTA, and HP-DO3A). The macrocyclic compounds had more rapid and complete clearance than DTPA (P less than .05). Parallel studies with carbon-14 and Gd-153-labeled complexes showed significant differences (P less than .05) in the amount of these isotopes retained in the heart, kidney, lungs, and spleen, providing strong supportive evidence for in vivo decomplexation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson 85724.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tilcock
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: New
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D008081:Liposomes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C062402:gadoteridol; D004369:Pentetic Acid; C050823:gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA