title: Effects of supplemental protein source and level of urea on intestinal amino acid supply and feedlot performance of lambs fed diets based on alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of supplemental CP source and level of urea on intestinal amino acid (AA) supply and feedlot performance of lambs fed diets based on alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw (AHPWS). In Exp. 1, five cannulated (ruminal, duodenal, and ileal) crossbred wethers (61 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. Treatments consisted of different sources of CP and included soybean meal (SBM), a combination of urea, distillers dried grains (DDG), and fish meal, each provided an equal portion of supplemental CP (UDF), and three levels of urea (17, 33, and 50% of supplemental CP) fed in combination with DDG (U17, U33, and U50). Organic matter and N digestibilities decreased (P less than .05) when lambs were fed U17 compared with those fed SBM. There were no differences (P greater than .05) in bacterial N or AA flows to the duodenum due to CP source despite large differences in ruminal NH3 N concentrations and lower ruminal OM digestion when lambs were fed U17. Duodenal nonbacterial N and AA flows were highest (P less than .05) in lambs fed U17 and UDF and lowest when lambs were fed U50 and SBM. Lysine concentration in duodenal digesta decreased with incremental increases in DDG. In Exp. 2, 30 individually penned ram lambs (33 kg) were allotted to five CP treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were similar to those of Exp. 1, with the exception that U17 was replaced by a 14% CP diet with SBM as the supplemental CP source; all other diets were formulated to contain 12% CP. Lambs fed U50 had decreased (P less than .08) ADG and gain/feed compared with all other treatments, and lambs fed UDF had greater (P less than .05) ADG and gain/feed than lambs fed U33. It was concluded that 17% of the supplemental CP from urea seems adequate to maximize bacterial protein synthesis and that no more than 33% of the supplemental CP should be provided by urea in diets based on AHPWS. Feeding a combination of ruminally resistant protein sources with complementary AA profiles of lysine and methionine (UDF) may enhance quality of protein entering the duodenum and feedlot performance.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anim. Sci., University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Willms
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Merchen
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fahey
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004063:Digestion; D005285:Fermentation; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000502:physiology; D012756:Sheep / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D009584:Nitrogen