title: Liquid chromatographic determination of efficacy of incorporation of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) used for prophylactic chemotherapy of fish.
abstract: The brine shrimp Artemia, an excellent live food source in aquaculture, has been studied as a carrier to deliver selected chemotherapeutic agents to fish for prophylactic treatment of infectious diseases. To monitor the efficiency of incorporation of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in Artemia franciscana, a sensitive and specific analytical method was developed. It is based on homogenization of Artemia nauplii in methanol, extraction of lipids with hexane, solid-phase cleanup on C18 cartridges, and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with detection at 210 nm. The method is sensitive (detection limit, on the order of 3 micrograms/g with a sample quantity of 30 mg [dry weight]) and reproducible (coefficients of variation, 2.2 and 1.8% for trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole at levels of 79.6 and 257 micrograms/g of body weight, respectively). Preliminary quantitative data indicated excellent uptake and persistence of both therapeutic agents in A. franciscana, with levels of 115 micrograms/g for trimethoprim and 277 micrograms/g for sulfamethoxazole.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoria voor Medische Biochemie en voor Klinische Analyse, State University of Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Nelis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Léger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sorgeloos
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: De leenheer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D001156:Artemia; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013444:Sulfisoxazole / Q000737:chemistry; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; C023507:tetroxoprim; D013444:Sulfisoxazole; D014295:Trimethoprim; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole