title: The psychiatric presentations of Wilson's disease.
abstract: We reviewed the records of 42 patients with Wilson's disease participating in a zinc acetate treatment protocol and interviewed 17 of them. Five of the patients studied were asymptomatic. A significant number of symptomatic patients (64.8%) reported psychiatric symptoms at the time of initial presentation. These symptoms were severe enough to warrant psychiatric intervention in almost half of all symptomatic patients before the diagnosis of Wilson's disease was made. Personality changes, particularly irritability and aggression, were most commonly described (45.9%), followed by depression (27%). Cognitive changes, anxiety, psychosis, and catatonia, while less frequent, also occurred. These data underscore the need to include Wilson's disease in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akil
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dutchak
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Brewer
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019342:Acetic Acid; D000328:Adult; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D019342:Acetic Acid