title: Exercise-induced changes in blood minerals, associated proteins and hormones in women athletes.
abstract: The acute effects of prolonged exercise on the body's distribution of trace minerals in women athletes has not been examined. To this end, plasma concentrations of zinc, copper, and iron; erythrocyte zinc (EZn) and copper (ECu); and the associated proteins, ceruloplasmin and transferrin were measured in 38 highly trained women runners under resting conditions and again after running a competitive 26.2 mile marathon. The hormones, cortisol (C), estradiol (E2), prolactin (Prl), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were also measured because of reported effects of hormones on trace mineral distribution. Menstrual status was assessed by questionnaire: 8 women were in the follicular phase, 13 in mid-cycle, 8 in the luteal phase and 9 were amenorrheic (AM). Significant post-race increases were noted for all plasma minerals, associated proteins, and the hormones C and Prl, whereas EZn decreased. No significant changes in ECu, E2, FSH or LH were noted. Menstrual status in terms of cycle phase or amenorrhea did not appear to modify the response. Exercise-induced changes in minerals may reflect release from other tissues and/or changes in the concentration of associated proteins. Whether these changes serve adaptive and/or specific functions during exercise is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Military Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Deuster
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kyle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bernier
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yu-Yahiro
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Schoomaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000503:physiopathology; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running; D012737:Sex Factors; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D006728:Hormones; D014131:Trace Elements