Assessment of sex differences in children's and adolescents' self-reported pain from venipuncture.
Examined venipuncture pain and anxiety among 90 male and 90 female children and adolescents (5 to 17 years) who were attending a hospital laboratory. The purpose of the study was to assess sex differences in pain. Ss reported state anxiety and expected pain prior to having venipuncture and sensory and affective pain following venipuncture. Analysis of data determined that male and female were alike regarding age, state anxiety, expected pain, and perceived sensory and affective venipuncture pain. From analysis of pain estimation errors, it was found that males were significantly more likely to underestimate pain and females were significantly more likely to overestimate pain. These findings were discussed in terms of implications for coping research and for clinical practice.
Fowler-Kerry
S
S
College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Lander
J
J
D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D001143:Arousal; D001815:Bloodletting / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010553:Personality Development