title: Sex-related differences in plasminogen activator activity and plasminogen activator inhibition of human and animal kidneys: effect of orchidectomy or ovariectomy.
abstract: Plasminogen activator activity (PAA), plasminogen activator inhibition (PAI) and plasmin inhibition (PI) have been studied with spectrophotometric methods in extracts of human, bovine, ovine and rat kidneys of both sexes. In all species studied, renal PAA (cortex or medulla) was higher in females than in males. The PAA was also higher in the medulla than in the cortex in all species and both sexes. The PAA was due to both types of plasminogen activator; tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). In the human kidney (cortex or medulla) the measurement of t-PA antigen showed that t-PA is higher in females than in males; t-PA is also higher in the medulla than in the cortex in both sexes. The PAI showed the opposite pattern in all species studied; it was lower in females than in males. It was also lower in the medulla than in the cortex. PAI-1 was identified in the human kidney. Sex-related differences in renal PAA or PAI almost disappeared after bilateral orchidectomy in rats. PI showed no sex or regional differences in the species studied. Sex-related differences in renal PAA and PAI in man and various animal species might be of physiological or pathophysiological importance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotelian University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smokovitis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kokolis
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Taitzoglou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000737:chemistry; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008322:Mammals / Q000502:physiology*; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000032:analysis*; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators / Q000032:analysis*; D051381:Rats; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012756:Sheep; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators; D010960:Plasminogen Activators