title: Adult orthodontics: periodontic and cosmetic enhancements.
abstract: Approximately 30 years ago it became apparent that the periodontal, occlusal, and restorative needs inherent in the therapeutic management of the stomatognathic system required repositioning the teeth or the entire dentition. Precedence in adult orthodontics concentrated on correcting diastemas and malpositioned teeth, leveling infrabony defects, reducing periodontal depths, leveling occlusal planes, and creating harmonious gingival-lip line relationships. The desired result can be obtained by any of these procedures, but the perception and acceptance of an improved appearance or a beautiful smile will determine the ultimate success for the patient.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D003970:Diastema / Q000628:therapy; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*