title: Evaluation of the genotoxic activity and acute toxicity of Euphorbia splendens latex, a molluscicide for the control of schistosomiasis.
abstract: 1. The latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii has a molluscicidal action at low concentration (LD90 less than 1.5 ppm or 1.5 micrograms/ml) against the vector snails of schistosomiasis. 2. In the present study, the latex in natura or after lyophilization was submitted to the Ames test and the chromotest to evaluate genotoxicity, to the Microtox System to determine acute toxicity, and to the Chinese hamster ovary cell assay (CHO) to measure cytotoxicity. 3. The latex had no mutagenic activity in the presence or absence of S9 toward the TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium (Ames test) at concentrations up to 200 microliters/plate (in natura) and of 200 micrograms/plate (lyophilized). The lyophilized latex had no genotoxic activity (Chromotest) and no acute toxic effect on Photobacterium phosphoreum at concentrations up to 445 micrograms/ml, whereas the sample in natura had a toxic effect with an EC50 of 148,000 microliters/l (or ppm). In the CHO/cytotoxicity assay, the lyophilized latex had no cytotoxic effect in quantities up to 200 micrograms. 4. The latex was found to have no acute toxicity or mutagenic activity at the concentrations of 10 to 12 micrograms/ml (or ppm) that are being proposed for molluscicidal use in the field.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
authors.forename: V T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Schall
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vasconcellos
authors.forename: G U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Valent
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D007840:Latex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D007840:Latex; D008975:Molluscacides; D010936:Plant Extracts