title: Expression of glucose phosphate isomerase in interspecific hybrid (Mus musculus x Mus caroli) mouse embryos.
abstract: Hybrid Mus musculus x Mus caroli embryos were produced by inseminating M. musculus (C57BL/OlaWs) females with M. caroli sperm. Control M. caroli embryos developed more rapidly than did control M. musculus embryos and implanted approximately 1 day earlier. At 1 1/2 days, both the hybrid embryos and those of the maternal species (M. musculus) had cleaved to the 2-cell stage. By 2 1/2 days some of the hybrids were retarded compared to M. musculus, and by 3 1/2 days most were lagging behind. This is consistent with the idea that the rate of development of hybrid embryos declines once it becomes dependent on embryo-coded gene products. We have used this difference in rate of preimplantation development, between hybrid and M. musculus embryos, to try to determine whether the activation of embryonic Gpi-1s genes, that encode glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI-1), is age-related or stage-related. In control M. musculus embryos (both mated and Al groups), the GPI-1AB and GPI-1A allozyme, indicative of paternal gene expression, were detected in 7 of 9 samples of 3 1/2-day compacted morula stage embryos and were seen in all 19 samples of 3 1/2-day blastocysts. In hybrid embryos, these allozymes were detected 1 day later. They were not detected in any 3 1/2-day samples (12 samples of compacted morulae) but were consistently detected at 4 1/2 days (4 samples of blastocysts and 2 samples of uncompacted morulae). Our interpretation of the results is that gene activation in hybrid embryos is stage-specific, rather than age-specific, and probably begins around the 8-cell stage, with detectable levels of enzyme accumulating later. Analysis of GPI-1 electrophoresis indicated that both the paternal (M. caroli) and maternal (M. musculus) Gpi-1s alleles were equally expressed in hybrid embryos and that the paternally derived allele was not activated before the maternally derived allele.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ansell
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Flockhart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000201:enzymology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000201:enzymology; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D005956:Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D007315:Insemination, Artificial; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D005956:Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase