title: Anticonceptive and estrogenic effects of a seed extract of Ricinus communis var. minor.
abstract: An ether-soluble fraction of a methanol extract of Ricinus communis var. minor seeds administered subcutaneously to adult female rats and rabbits at doses up to 1.2 g/kg and 600 mg/kg, respectively, in divided doses showed anti-implantation and anticonceptive activities. Laparotomy performed on Day 10 and Day 15 of pregnancy on mated female rats and rabbits treated with the extract did not reveal any uterine implantation sites. The animals were protected against pregnancy for over three gestation periods and among those that later delivered, there was no evidence of abnormality in the pups. In ovariectomized young female rats as well as in immature mice, the extract dose-dependently increased uterine wet weight. Furthermore, the extract induced premature opening of the vagina, increased the number of epithelial cells and cornified cells and decreased the leucocyte number in the vaginal smear. The estrogen-like activities exhibited by the extract were dose-dependent and the anticonceptive effect may be due at least in part to such estrogenic action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Okwuasaba
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Osunkwo
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ekwenchi
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Ekpenyong
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Onwukeme
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Olayinka
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Uguru
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012278:Ricinus; D012639:Seeds; D014599:Uterus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D014621:Vagina / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D004967:Estrogens; D010936:Plant Extracts