title: [Cadmium and lead levels in milk, milk-cereal and cereal formulas for infants and children up to 3 years of age].
abstract: Cd and Pb contents were determined in milk formulae, milk-cereal formulae and cereal formulae produced by Okregowe Zakłady Koncentratów Spozywczych (OZKS) (Regional Food Concentrates Processing Plants) for infants and children up to 3 years of age. The major parts of the assortments were found to contain products whose cadmium and/or lead contents exceeded the admissible norms. These contents were as follows: in milk formulae: from less than 2 to 8 micrograms Cd/kg and from less than 20 to 180 micrograms Pb/kg; in milk-cereal formulae: from less than 2 to 20 micrograms Cd/kg and from less than 20 to 180 micrograms Pb/kg; in cereal formulae from less than 2 to 70 micrograms Cd/kg and from less than 20 to 400 micrograms Pb/kg. Contents of Cd and Pb were the highest in cereal formulae mainly in those produced of wheat flour and buckwheat-rice flour. Determinations of Cd and Pb contents in raw materials and in some cereal intermediate products revealed that the occurrence of excessively high Cd and Pb contents in the cereal-containing formulae was due to contamination of the cereal raw materials with these metals.
authors.affiliation: Zakładu Analizy Zywności Instytutu Biotechnologii Przemysłu Rolno-Spozywczego w Warszawie.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jedrzejczak
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szteke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity*; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity*; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008892:Milk / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity*; D011044:Poland
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead
vernacular_title: Wystepowanie kadmu i ołowiu w odzywkach mlecznych, mleczno-zbozowych i zbozowych przeznaczonych dla niemowlat i dzieci do lat 3.