title: The health risks of occupational stress in islamic industrial workers during the Ramadan fasting period.
abstract: During Ramadan, Moslems are required strictly to avoid fluids and nourishment from dawn to sunset. Heat stress during such abstinence represents a substantial health hazard. In the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) where numerous Moslems, particularly of Turkish origin, perform heat work and other heavy labour, we observed moderate to severe health disturbances in such labourers during Ramadan, e.g.: tachycardia, severe headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and circulatory collapse. The severe dehydration of these workers was demonstrated by substantial increases in their hematocrit, serum protein, urea, creatinine, uric acid and electrolyte imbalance. Because of the evidence of the substantial health hazard to Islamic workers in such situations, we have strongly urged employers to refrain from assigning Islamic workers to heat work or heavy daytime work during Ramadan; we have therefore limited systematic studies of health problems during Ramadan to persons performing only moderate work. Even under these conditions signs of dehydration were found in the 32 labourers monitored. Some of these labourers also had to interrupt their observance of Ramadan due to health problems, e.g.: acute gout due to serum uric acid increase, or circulatory insufficiency. In light of the observed potentially harmful pathophysiological effects, the danger of dehydration of Islamic workers due to heat work during Ramadan should be taken very seriously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Schmahl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Metzler
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D003681:Dehydration / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000150:complications*