title: Rechargeable glucose electrodes for long-term implantation.
abstract: A unique enzyme electrode was designed using glucose oxidase immobilized on fine graphite powder. The graphite-enzyme is in a fluid state which enables recharging of the system when the enzyme activity decreases, therefore allowing the system to have a long lifetime in a diabetic patient. The sensor was tested using glucose concentration in the range of 20-300 mg d-1. The electrode construction includes a hydrophobic membrane and a platinum electrode for detection of hydrogen peroxide. The signal output is large with minimal noise when tested in buffer. The sensor has been performing at ambient temperature for 4 months when stored overnight at 4 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wilkins
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006108:Graphite; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; C005506:polycarbonate; D006108:Graphite; D005949:Glucose Oxidase