title: Preoperative and intraoperative predictors of inotropic support and long-term outcome in patients having coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: The prognostic value of preoperative symptoms, preoperative left ventricular function, and intraoperative factors as related to postoperative outcome in coronary artery bypass grafting is unclear. This study was performed to identify risk factors that could be used as markers to predict immediate and long-term outcome, knowledge of which might allow physicians to modify these factors to decrease the likelihood of an adverse outcome. We retrospectively evaluated preoperative factors (including age, sex, New York Heart Association [NYHA] classification of symptoms, ejection fraction [EF], wall motion abnormalities, baseline left ventricular end-diastolic pressure [LVEDP], postradiographic contrast injection LVEDP, change in LVEDP with contrast injection, cardiac enlargement, and collateral vessels) and intraoperative factors (duration of bypass and aortic cross-clamp time) in 128 patients. The need for inotropic drug support was used as a marker of immediate outcome. A 36-mo follow-up used death and the postoperative NYHA classification of symptoms as markers of long-term outcome. The various factors associated with the use of inotropes and immediate outcome were analyzed by logistic regression. The factors related to inotrope use (and presumed adverse short-term outcome) in order of decreasing significance were lower EF, older age, cardiac enlargement, female sex, and higher baseline and postcontrast LVEDP. Patients with EF greater than or equal to 55%, but also having wall motion abnormalities and LVEDP change greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg, and all patients with EF less than 55% were more likely to require inotropic drug stimulation after cardiopulmonary bypass. Neither the change in LVEDP nor the presence of wall motion abnormalities independently predicted the need for postoperative inotropic support.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Royster
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Butterworth
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Prough
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Case
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Gravlee
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000145:classification; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents