title: Serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins during postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy combined with either 19-nortestosterone derivatives or 17-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the influence of combined hormone replacement therapy on levels of serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-nine healthy early postmenopausal women selected by means of a questionnaire, a medical examination, and a laboratory screening procedure to be a representative sample of postmenopausal Danish women aged 45 to 55 years old were randomized to four treatment and two placebo groups. The four groups receiving hormone replacement therapy were given 2 mg estradiol valerate equivalents (E), either sequentially combined with 75 micrograms levonorgestrel (E/LNG), 10 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (E/MPA), or 150 micrograms desogestrel (E/DG), or continuously combined with 1 mg cyproterone acetate (E/CPA). Serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins were measured before institution of hormone replacement therapy and at nine well-defined times during the following 84 days. Total response and cyclical variations were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All active treatment regimens reduced serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly: E/CPA, 6% (95% confidence limits 0.3% to 11.3%); E/LNG, 10.9% (4.9% to 16.6%); E/MPA, 14.4% (7.4% to 20.9%); E/DG, 10.7% (3.3% to 17.6%). The changes in serum total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were similar but smaller than those in LDL-C. None of these treatment regimens induced significant overall changes in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1). The sequentially combined hormone treatments induced significant cyclical variations in HDL-C, with an increase during estrogen therapy and a decrease during combined therapy: E/LNG, 13.3% (7.4% to 19.4%); E/MPA, 6.9% (1.6% to 12.6%); E/DG, 10.3% (5.8% to 14.9%). No cyclical changes in HDL-C were found in the group receiving continuously combined hormone replacement therapy (E/CPA). The changes in Apo A1 parallel those in HDL-C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All the treatment regimens produced changes in levels of serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins that may be considered favorable in terms of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haarbo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hassager
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Riis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D003534:Cyproterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate; D017135:Desogestrel; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008525:Medroxyprogesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D009652:Norpregnenes; D009644:Norgestrel; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate; D004958:Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D017135:Desogestrel; D003534:Cyproterone; D008525:Medroxyprogesterone