title: Production of mycotoxins by selected Fusarium graminearum and F. crookwellense isolates.
abstract: Corn cultures (five isolates each of Fusarium graminearum Group 1 from wheat crowns, Group 2 from scabby wheat grains and from ear rot of corn and five isolates of F. crookwellense) were screened for their ability to produce deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), fusarenon-x (FUS-X) and zearalenone (ZEA). Nine of the ten F. graminearum isolates from wheat produced DON (5-165 micrograms g-1) but none produced either NIV or FUS-X. Conversely, 3/5 and 2/5 of the F. graminearum isolates from corn produced NIV (5-40 micrograms g-1) and FUS-X (5-7 micrograms g-1), respectively, while none produced DON. All but one of the F. graminearum isolates produced ZEA (2-1160 micrograms g-1). None of the F. crookwellense isolates produced DON, but 5/5 and 4/5 produced NIV (6-170 micrograms g-1) and FUS-X (3-90 micrograms g-1), respectively, and all produced ZEA (605-1030 micrograms g-1). The results confirmed previous findings on the presence of two distinct F. graminearum chemotypes.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Nutritional Diseases, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg.
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Sydenham
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Marasas
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Shephard
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuis
mesh_terms: D005516:Food Microbiology; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014908:Triticum; D003313:Zea mays; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C002469:fusarenon-X; D015025:Zearalenone; C038405:nivalenol; C007262:deoxynivalenol