Dietary habits of the middle-aged Warsaw population in 1984 relative to nutritional guidelines.
The dietary habits of 1265 men and 1309 women aged 35-64 years were assessed by food frequencies and 24-h recall. The consumption of fat was high relative to Recommended Dietary Allowances (mean 137% of RDA in the diet of men and 108% in women). The diet was deficient in carbohydrates (80 and 67% respectively), calcium (81 and 64%), vitamin A (84% for both sexes), vitamin B1 (91 and 74%), and vitamin C (41 and 30%). Energy, protein, dietary fibre, iron and vitamin B2 were at the RDA or exceeded it in the men's diet but were insufficient in the women's diet. Fat accounted for 38.5% (men) and 37.7% (women) of energy, with 15.8% of the energy derived from saturated fatty acids and 4.2% from polyunsaturates. The amount of cholesterol consumed was 641 and 452 mg, respectively. This type of diet may contribute to increased incidence of ischaemic heart disease. Only three meals a day were taken by over 83% of the respondents, with over 5-h intervals between meals which may, in addition, contribute to obesity.
Pardo
B
B
Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
Sygnowska
E
E
Rywik
S
S
Kulesza
W
W
Waskiewicz
A
A
D000328:Adult; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011044:Poland; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014815:Vitamins; D007501:Iron