title: Abdominal wall defect associated with persistent cloaca. The embryologic clues in autopsy.
abstract: Three stillborn fetuses are reported in which an abdominal wall defect was associated with defects in the urogenital and anal region. Autopsy of these fetuses provided clues indicative of how and where the embryonic development went wrong. The malformation involved a disturbance of the cell deposition process, occurring in the caudal part of the embryo. During the cell deposition process, which takes place in the neural crest and the body wall placode, ectodermal cells are added to the mesodermal compartment of the embryo, thus contributing to the anlagen of several structures, including the ventral body wall. In addition, a change in the shape of the embryo is generated. The sequence of events resulting from a disturbance of the cell deposition process is explained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Hartwig
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Steffelaar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van de Kaa
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schueler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vermeij-Keers
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology; D001344:Autopsy; D002988:Cloaca / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000002:abnormalities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male