title: Lithium augmentation in antidepressant-resistant patients. A quantitative analysis.
abstract: A quantitative analysis was used to examine the efficacy of lithium augmentation in the acute treatment of depressed patients resistant to a standard trial of an antidepressant. Effect sizes were measured by the odds ratio using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Only controlled trials were included in order to minimise bias in method. A highly statistically significant effect for lithium augmentation was found, the pooled odds ratio being 0.146 and its 95% confidence interval 0.05-0.44 (i.e. the odds of remaining ill are reduced by between 56% and 95% with the use of lithium treatment). While these results support the case for lithium augmentation in treatment-resistant depression, there remains considerable uncertainty over the duration of treatment necessary to see and sustain the treatment response.
authors.affiliation: Edinburgh University Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Goodwin
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D008094:Lithium