title: Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: As laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become more widely practiced, the full spectrum of complications associated with this technique is being realized. We have performed 283 consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies with no deaths and a morbidity rate of 5.3% (15 of 283 patients; six major complications, nine minor complications). Major complications included one bile duct injury requiring laparotomy and t-tube insertion and two patients with retained stones. Symptomatic bile leakage occurred in three patients (1%). Two of these bile leaks were from accessory ducts entering the gallbladder bed; the third leak was secondary to a cystic duct leak. Eight patients (2.8%) required conversion to open cholecystectomy. Minor complications included three patients with subumbilical wound infections, two patients with urinary tract infections, one patient with costochondritis after operation, and three patients with prolonged hospital stays (more than 48 hrs) caused by ileus or fever. Several patients with life-threatening complications, including two patients who ultimately died, were transferred to our care from other centers. These included two patients with common duct injuries combined with duodenal perforations (one of whom died), one patient with a complete common duct transection, one patient with major common hepatic duct injury, and two patients with further instances of bile leakage. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed safely, and it can be associated with life-threatening complications. Prevention of complications is dependent on proper patient selection, meticulous technique, and an accepting attitude toward conversion to "open" cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Ohio Digestive Disease Institute, Grant Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Innes
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Front
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Roby
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ellison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001646:Bile / Q000502:physiology; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000293:injuries; D002758:Cholangiography; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000293:injuries; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000209:etiology