title: Anatomical barriers in endodontics.
abstract: Endodontic therapy can be challenging at the diagnostic and technical levels. The more one can advance one's accomplishments, the more that would-be barriers cease to be so. Difficult aspects of tooth isolation and assessment of root integrity can be rendered less problematic by some relatively simple methods. Gaining a clear awareness of the internal layout of a coronal chamber and any possible inclusions can be assisted by use of a modified endodontic explorer. It can be usefully employed to resolve with certainty the common dilemma of whether openings at the base of a molar or maxillary premolar coronal access cavity are exposures in the pulp chamber roof or orifices in the chamber floor. Locating and then gaining full working length entry into partly calcified canals, even when they are not radiographically discernible, remains one of the difficult tasks in endodontic therapy, but methods can be implemented that maximize their successful negotiation and management. The use of fine engine-driven reamers, but absolutely restricted to a reciprocating action handpiece, is described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, The University of Sidney.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D003784:Dental Pulp Calcification; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D009811:Odontometry; D011859:Radiography; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging