title: The reliability of endoscopic examination in assessment of arytenoid cartilage movement in horses. Part I: Subjective and objective laryngeal evaluation.
abstract: Videorecordings of the laryngeal activity of 108 unsedated horses were obtained at rest by passing a flexible videoendoscope into the nasopharynx through the right ventral meatus. All videotaped images were reviewed once, and 72 were reviewed twice, by three veterinarians. Laryngeal cartilage movement was assessed subjectively with a five-tier grading system. The mean intraobserver agreement was 83.3% (range, 75.0%-90.2%) with a kappa statistic of .65 to .98. The mean interobserver agreement was 79.0% (range, 70.4%-80.6%) with a kappa statistic of .51 to .90. A computer program was developed to measure the left:right ratio of the rima glottidis. The mean left:right ratio for horses assigned a median laryngeal grade of I was 0.84 (range, 0.55-1.03); for grade II, 0.82 (0.50-1.12); for grade III, 0.59 (0.39-0.91); and for grade IV, 0.24 (0.07-0.35).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Ducharme
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Fubini
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Erb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001193:Arytenoid Cartilage / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D015588:Observer Variation; D014743:Videotape Recording