Occupational health and safety in Brazil.
BACKGROUND
Brazil is the world's fifth largest and sixth most populous nation. Its economy is varied, with strong manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and service sectors. Therefore, a wide variety of workplace hazards confronts its work force. This paper describes Brazil's occupational safety and health regulatory scheme, workers' compensation system, plant-level practices, training, and data collection.


METHODS
We reviewed and analyzed Brazilian regulatory legislation and government and non-governmental organization (NGO) activity in occupational safety and health, as well as the structure and function of the workers' compensation system. We also reviewed available data on injuries and diseases from major sources, including the now-defunct Instituto Nacional do Previdencia Social (INPS) and the workers' compensation scheme, Seguro de Acidente de Trabalho (SAT).


RESULTS
The incidence of workplace injuries has decreased in recent years and is now reported to be about 5 per 100 workers per year. The case fatality rate has been constant at about 5 fatalities per 1000 injuries. Less than 6% of reported injuries are classified as "diseases." Brazil's rates are comparable to those of Mexico and Zimbabwe, and two to four times higher than in most industrialized countries.


CONCLUSIONS
Brazil has a high incidence of occupational injuries and diseases; these injuries and diseases are underreported; there is a large informal sector at special risk; and Brazil illustrates the disparity that exists in many countries between legislation on the books and legislation that is actually implemented.
Frumkin
H
H
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
Câmara
V de M
Vde M
D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007750:Labor Unions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D012449:Safety; D014942:Workers' Compensation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality
D015386:Hazardous Substances