title: Effects of low-dose oral contraceptives on female whole saliva.
abstract: The composition and flow rate of paraffin-stimulated whole saliva were analysed in 22 women, of whom 11 used oral contraceptives and 11 did not. Ten men served as the controls. The salivary samples were collected during one month (oral contraceptive users and men), or during one menstrual cycle (non-users). The saliva analyses included flow rate, pH, buffer effect, sialic acid, thiocyanate, peroxidase, lysozyme, amylase, immunoglobulins A, G and M, total protein, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, yeasts and total numbers of aerobic bacteria. The salivary buffer effect of oral contraceptive users was significantly (p less than 0.005) higher than that of non-users. All the other constituents showed intra- and interindividual variation in all groups, but with no apparent hormone-dependency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pienihäkkinen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ojanotko-Harri
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tenovuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002021:Buffers; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D017135:Desogestrel; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019304:Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D008598:Menstruation; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010060:Ovulation; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009652:Norpregnenes; D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; C072593:ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel drug combination; D009644:Norgestrel; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D019304:Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination; D017135:Desogestrel