title: Animal experiments on the allergenicity of d-limonene--the citrus solvent.
abstract: With the increasing use of d-limonene as a substitute for chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and other organic solvents, a demand has arisen for more knowledge of the health effects of this substance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the allergenic effect of d-limonene on skin. The sensitizing potential of d-limonene and the influence of air exposure on its allergenicity were studied in guineapigs. d-Limonene of high purity gave no significant allergic reactions, while d-limonene exposed to air for 2 months sensitized the animals. Gas chromatographic analyses indicated that the content of limonene oxide in limonene increased with prolonged air exposure. It is concluded that allergenic compounds are formed from d-limonene upon prolonged air exposure. Products containing d-limonene should therefore be kept in cold storage in closed vessels. Manual handling should be avoided, or gloves worn, in order to reduce the risk of sensitization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Dermatology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Solna, Sweden.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Karlberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Melin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000139:chemically induced; D004356:Drug Storage; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology; D000077222:Limonene; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D053138:Cyclohexenes; D013729:Terpenes; D000077222:Limonene