title: The effect of toremifene therapy on serum immunoglobulin levels in breast cancer.
abstract: Estrogens and anti-estrogens enhance the number of immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells in pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated lymphocyte cultures. Lymphocytes from patients who have received anti-estrogen therapy show similar enhancement of Ig-secreting cells after PWM stimulation. In this study the effect of anti-estrogen (toremifene) therapy on serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, IgG) levels in breast cancer patients was investigated. Serum Ig levels were followed up to two years after or during the therapy. An unexpected finding was that the Ig levels decreased during the follow-up period. This decrease was seen in patients who responded to the therapy as well as in those who did not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paavonen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aronen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pyrhönen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hajba
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017312:Toremifene
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D013629:Tamoxifen; D017312:Toremifene