title: First report of infectious necrotic hepatitis (black disease) among Nubian goats in Sudan.
abstract: In a flock of 425 female and male Nubian goats in the Khartoum Province, an outbreak of a disease causing sudden death of 18 apparently healthy goats occurred (11 females and 7 males, 3-6 years old). Adult Fasciola gigantica were found in the livers of all goats and in seven of them Cysticercus tenuicollis cysts. These organs showed necrotic and severe histopathological changes. Clostridium novyi type B was isolated from necrotic areas of all livers and found to be highly pathogenic and toxigenic to laboratory animals. The disease was diagnosed as infectious necrotic hepatitis (black disease). Faecal examination revealed the presence of F. gigantica eggs. Lymnaea natalensis snails were found to be prevalent in the water canals. As the Khartoum Province is regarded as an endemic area for black disease, routine vaccination is highly recommended for its control in goats and sheep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Abu Samra
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hamad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D006041:Goats; D006520:Hepatitis, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D013397:Sudan