title: Characterization of the pyoverdines of Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837 with regard to heterogeneity.
abstract: Azotobacter vinelandii strain ATCC 12837 produces peptide siderophores of the general class known as pyoverdines. In the past, it was assumed that a single well-defined pyoverdine was produced by each parent microorganism. However, there are a number of reports of incompletely characterized pyoverdines that demonstrate heterogeneity in pyoverdine preparations obtained from a single organism, but the nature of this phenomena has not been explained. This study shows that A. vinelandii does indeed produce more than one pyoverdine and that these compounds differ in their peptide components. The metabolism of these siderophores suggests that only one of them is a true siderophore while the others are metabolic byproducts. It was demonstrated that this phenomenon is likely due to intrinsic limitations of the synthetase complex involved in the biosynthesis of these compounds. Characterization of two of the major pyoverdines produced demonstrated that they are novel compounds, although they belonged to the Azotobacter-type family of pyoverdines.
authors.affiliation: Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Menhart
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thariath
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Viswanatha
mesh_terms: D016948:Azotobacter vinelandii / Q000378:metabolism*; D002848:Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003470:Culture Media; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D017262:Siderophores; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D008670:Metals; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D017262:Siderophores; C042453:pyoverdin; D009584:Nitrogen