title: Fallopian tube catheterization and recanalization under ultrasonic observation: a simplified technique to evaluate tubal patency and open proximally obstructed tubes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test a sonoscopic technique developed for transvaginal catheterization and recanalization of the fallopian tube.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a feasibility study, catheterization was performed with the use of laparoscopic control. Patients with bilateral proximal tubal obstruction underwent fallopian tube recanalization under ultrasonic observation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study represents patients evaluated for primary or secondary infertility at Humboldt University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proximal tubal obstruction had been diagnosed on previous hysterosalpingogram and with laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tubal patency was assessed by hydrotubation under ultrasonic observation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transvaginal catheterization was successful in 31 (91.2%) of the 34 tubes. In 19 patients with proximal tubal obstruction, patency of both or at least one tube was achieved in 16 (84.2%) women. Five (31.6%) of 16 patients successfully recanalized were found to have an intrauterine pregnancy at a 6-month follow-up interval.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This catheterization technique should be investigated for possible use in diagnostic schedule early in the evaluation of the infertile patient. Also, the transvaginal recanalization of proximally obstructed tubes calls into question the application of microsurgical treatment of a selected group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Humboldt University Medical Center Charité, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lisse
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sydow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002404:Catheterization; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005186:Fallopian Tube Patency Tests / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D010535:Laparoscopy; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy; D014463:Ultrasonography