title: Abnormal pituitary-adrenal responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone in patients with seasonal affective disorder: clinical and pathophysiological implications.
abstract: CRH has been shown to produce increased locomotion, arousal, and anorexia in experimental animals. A deficiency of CRH in patients with seasonal affective disorder could contribute to the characteristic lethargy, hypersomnia, and hyperphagia characteristic of this illness. To test this hypothesis, we studied basal plasma ACTH and cortisol levels and their responses to ovine CRH in controls and depressed patients with seasonal affective disorder before and after light treatment. Untreated seasonal affective disorder patients showed normal basal plasma cortisol and ACTH levels, but their responses to CRH tended to be delayed and were significantly reduced. When patients were studied after 9 days of light treatment, a significant increase in plasma ACTH and cortisol responses to CRH was observed. Our findings in untreated patients with seasonal affective disorder are similar to those in patients with Cushing's disease 2 weeks after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, who uniformly show sustained suppression of their CRH neuron because of long-standing hypercortisolism. This findings suggest that the CRH neuron of patients with seasonal affective disorder is hypofunctional. We postulate that the clinical symptomatology in patients with seasonal affective disorder could reflect deficient activity of this important arousal-producing system.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychobiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20009.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Joseph-Vanderpool
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chrousos
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wehr
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Skwerer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Gold
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D010789:Phototherapy; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects*; D012016:Reference Values; D012621:Seasons; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone