title: Failure to deliver hepatitis B vaccine: confessions from a genitourinary medicine clinic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To audit hepatitis B immunisation of homosexual or bisexual men in a genitourinary medicine clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case note review of all homosexual and bisexual men presenting to a genitourinary clinic as new patients during 12 months in 1988 and follow up review of notes to May 1990.
  
  
  METHODS
  One department of genitourinary medicine, Middlesex Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  758 homosexual or bisexual men, of whom 207 started a course of hepatitis B vaccine in 1988. Case notes were unavailable for one patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proportion of patients screened for hepatitis B virus markers, the proportion of susceptible patients immunised, the proportion completing the vaccine course, and the proportion rendered immune.
  
  
  RESULTS
  25 men had been previously tested for hepatitis markers; of the 732 not previously tested, 440 (60.1%) were screened for hepatitis B markers. 207 (69%) of the 300 patients without hepatitis B serological markers started the vaccine course, and 141 (68%) completed it, with 75 (84%) of the 89 tested after immunisation being immune. An estimated 24% of susceptible new patients were rendered immune as a result of the immunisation policy. Patients who presented with a further episode of a sexually transmitted disease were more likely to have been screened (25% v 12%, p less than 0.0001) and immunised (31% v 18% p = 0.02); those known or found to be positive for HIV antibody were more likely to have been screened (23% v 14%, p = 0.047) but less likely to have been immunised (6% v 17%, p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The major failure was that in not screening; failure to immunise patients found to be susceptible and failure of compliance with the vaccine course contributed. Non-response to the vaccine was of minor importance. Improvements in vaccine delivery are required.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Other providers should be encouraged to review their performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Middlesex Hospital, London.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gilson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beecham
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tedder
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Weller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D006801:Humans; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000150:complications; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines