title: The intratracheal administration of endotoxin and cytokines. III. The interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist inhibits endotoxin- and IL-1-induced acute inflammation.
abstract: Endotoxin, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component of gram-negative bacteria, induces alveolar macrophages to express interleukin-1 (IL-1). Lipopolysaccharide and IL-1 both cause severe acute neutrophilic inflammation in the lung after intratracheal injection, suggesting that LPS-induced IL-1 expression contributes to the pathogenesis of LPS-induced acute inflammation. In the present study, the role of IL-1 in LPS-induced acute pneumonia was investigated by quantitating the acute inflammation occurring at 6 hours after the intratracheal injection of LPS as compared to the same timepoint after the intratracheal coinjection of LPS and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). The IL-1ra was found to inhibit LPS-induced acute inflammation (P greater than 0.0001) as measured by the number of neutrophils recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage. The LPS-induced emigration of neutrophils was inhibited by as much as 45%. Recombinant IL-1 beta-induced neutrophil emigration into the lung was inhibited by 95% when IL-1ra was coinjected intratracheally with IL-1 beta. Coinjection of recombinant IL-1 beta and LPS increased the neutrophilic exodus as compared to the intratracheal injection of either agent alone. Intratracheal injection of LPS induces a progressive increase in IL-1ra mRNA expression in whole-lung RNA preparations, suggesting that endogenous IL-1ra may play an important role as a negative feedback mechanism to downregulate LPS initiated IL-1-mediated acute inflammation. In conclusion IL-1ra inhibits both LPS- and IL-1-induced neutrophilic inflammation and may therefore prove clinically useful as an anti-inflammatory agent for the therapy of either septic or aseptic IL-1-mediated acute inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of California Irvine 92717.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Ulich
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: K Z
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: del Castillo
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000473:pathology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007267:Injections; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014132:Trachea
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins