title: Congenital gastrointestinal anomalies: psychosocial functioning of children with imperforate anus, gastroschisis, and omphalocele.
abstract: This study assessed the psychosocial status of 56 children aged 6-16 years with imperforate anus, gastroschisis, or omphalocele. Results indicate that (a) children were of average intellectual ability; (b) approximately 9% of the sample had learning disabilities; (c) although the mean maternal ratings of behavioral adjustment did not differ from those reported for children without anomalies, approximately 18% of the children had deviant adjustment scores; (d) a multivariate risk and resistance model accounted for a significant amount of the variance in children's adjustment; and (e) child, maternal, and family utilitarian and psychological risk and resistance resources contributed independently to children's overall behavioral adjustment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Tarnowski
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ginn-Pease
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000002:abnormalities*; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010553:Personality Development; D012307:Risk Factors; D012803:Sick Role; D012917:Social Adjustment