title: Factors affecting the normal and branched-chain acyl moieties of teicoplanin components produced by Actinoplanes teichomyceticus.
abstract: Teicoplanin, a glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, comprises five main components, denoted T-A2-1 to T-A2-5, differing in the structure of their acyl side chain, which is linear in T-A2-1 and T-A2-3 and branched in the other components. Production of T-A2-1, characterized by a linear C10:1 acyl moiety, is entirely dependent on the presence of linoleate in the fermentation medium. Addition to the medium of oleic acid esters at 2 g l-1 increases the yields of T-A2-3, characterized by a linear C10:0 acyl chain, about threefold. The antibiotic linear side chains thus appear to originate from C18 unsaturated acid by beta-oxidation degradation. The percentage of T-A2-2, T-A2-4 and T-A2-5, bearing the iso-C10:0, anteiso-C11:0 and iso-C11:0 acyl moieties, respectively, is strongly influenced by the presence in the medium of the amino acids known to be precursors of branched-chain fatty acids. Thus, valine increases the production of T-A2-2 whereas isoleucine or leucine increase the relative yields of T-A2-4 or T-A2-5, respectively. Analysis of the total cell lipids upon addition of the same amino acid shows corresponding increases in the proportion of the iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0 or anteiso-C17:0. A mutant A. teichomyceticus strain, which produces a novel teicoplanin with a linear C9:0 chain, differs from the wild strain in the presence of the linear C17:1 acid in its lipids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: MMDRI, Lepetit Research Centre, Gerenzano (VA), Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borghi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Zerilli
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Lancini
mesh_terms: D000215:Acylation; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D017334:Teicoplanin
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006020:Glycopeptides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D017334:Teicoplanin