title: Atrial natriuretic factor after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine circulating atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) concentrations in the postoperative state and to define potential hemodynamic determinants of regional plasma ANF concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric ICU in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two children, mean age 4.2 yrs (range 0.9 to 13.5), were studied 18 hrs after corrective surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass. The underlying cardiac malformations were ventricular septum defect (n = 5), transposition of great arteries (n = 5), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 4), pulmonary stenosis (n = 3), and miscellaneous (n = 5).
  
  
  METHODS
  In addition to the commonly monitored variables in postoperative cardiac patients, blood volume was estimated by the 125I albumin method, and plasma samples for radioimmunoassay determination of ANF concentrations were taken simultaneously from indwelling catheters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with normal age-matched values, plasma ANF concentrations were increased in all patients, with values tending to be highest in the left atrium, followed by systemic artery, superior vena cava, and pulmonary artery (345 +/- 158, 333 +/- 169, 311 +/- 154, and 272 +/- 160 pg/mL, respectively [mean +/- SD; NS]). Simple regression analysis demonstrated a moderate correlation between blood volume and the concentration of ANF in the superior vena cava (p less than .05). Stepwise multivariate analysis showed no significant independent predictor of plasma ANF concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma ANF concentrations are increased after open-heart surgery in children, with moderate direct correlation to blood volume. The wide scatter of increased hormone concentrations may be explained by the many factors known to influence circulating ANF concentrations, such as age, underlying disease, cardiovascular state, and drugs.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, University Children's Hospital, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pfenninger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weidmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D001810:Blood Volume; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010953:Plasma Volume; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012711:Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior
chemical_list: D012711:Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor