title: A comparative study of the promotion of tissue plasminogen activator and pro-urokinase-induced plasminogen activation by fragments D and E-2 of fibrin.
abstract: Plasmin generation by equimolar concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), pro-urokinase (pro-UK), and urokinase (UK), and a twofold higher concentration of a plasmin-resistant mutant rpro-UK (Ala-158-pro-UK) was measured on a microtiter plate reader. The promoting effects on this reaction of equimolar concentrations of fibrinogen, soluble fibrin (Desafib), CNBr fragment FCB-2 (an analogue of fragment D), or purified fragment E-2 were compared. Plasmin generation by t-PA was moderately promoted by fibrinogen, substantially promoted by Desafib and FCB-2, but not at all promoted by fragment E-2. By contrast, plasmin generation by pro-UK or by Ala-158-pro-UK was not promoted either by fibrinogen, Desafib, or FCB-2, but was significantly promoted by fragment E-2. Plasmin generation by UK was not significantly promoted by any of the fibrin(ogen) preparations. Treatment of fragment E-2 by carboxypeptidase-B (CPB), eliminated its promotion of pro-UK and Ala-158-pro-UK-induced plasmin generation. Pretreatment of FCB-2 with plasmin slightly potentiated its promotion of t-PA activity. This effect of plasmin pretreatment of FCB-2 was reversed by CPB treatment. Plasmin pretreatment of FCB-2 did not induce any promotion of activity in pro-UK or Ala-158-pro-UK. The findings show that the intrinsic activity of pro-UK and the activity of t-PA are promoted by different regions of the fibrin(ogen) molecule. The latter is stimulated primarily by a determinant in the fragment D region, which is available in intact fibrin. By contrast, plasminogen activation by the intrinsic activity of pro-UK was stimulated exclusively by fragment E-2, which is unavailable in intact fibrin. The findings are believed relevant to fibrinolysis and support the concept that t-PA and pro-UK are complementary, sequential, and synergistic in their actions.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Research Laboratory, New England Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gurewich
mesh_terms: D043424:Carboxypeptidase B; D002268:Carboxypeptidases / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D; C072054:fibrin fragment E-2; D010958:Plasminogen; D002268:Carboxypeptidases; D043424:Carboxypeptidase B; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D005341:Fibrinolysin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator