title: In vivo tyrosine hydroxylation in rat retina: effect of aspartame ingestion in rats pretreated with p-chlorophenylalanine.
abstract: Rats were pretreated with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) to inhibit hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase. Two days later, oral aspartame (APM; aspartylphenylalanine methylester) administration substantially increased serum phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations and the ratio, in serum, of Phe to the sum of its competitors for transport into brain and retina (the other large neutral amino acids). Smaller changes occurred in serum tyrosine (Tyr) concentrations and in the ratio, in serum, of Tyr to the sum of its competitors. P-chlorophenylalanine-pretreated rats showed normal increases in retinal Tyr hydroxylation rate after Tyr injection, indicating that the enzyme was functionally normal. APM (0, 500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg body wt) intubation of PCPA-pretreated rats produced a dose-related increment in retinal Phe concentrations (up to six times normal values), no changes in retinal Tyr concentration, and no changes in retinal Tyr hydroxylation rate. The results thus indicate that very large increments in retinal Phe concentrations produced by enormous doses of APM do not modify Tyr hydroxylation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fernstrom
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fernstrom
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Massoudi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001218:Aspartame / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine / Q000378:metabolism; D010134:Fenclonine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006900:Hydroxylation; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D010651:Phenylalanine Hydroxylase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014443:Tyrosine; D010649:Phenylalanine; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine; D010651:Phenylalanine Hydroxylase; D010134:Fenclonine; D001218:Aspartame