A key DNA-protein interaction determines the function of the 5'URR enhancer in human papillomavirus type 11.
The 5' end of the upstream regulatory region (URR) of human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) has enhancer function and binds cellular proteins. We have determined that one particular motif, a CCNGTNAC pair, is both necessary and sufficient for enhancer activity. This enhancement of expression can be competed in vivo by concatenated double-stranded oligonucleotides, indicating that protein-DNA binding is a requisite for enhancer activity. A 41-kDa protein, present in all epithelial cells assayed, binds to this enhancer motif. The 5'URR fragment functions as an enhancer both in primary keratinocytes from a variety of body sites and in fibroblasts. We conclude that tissue specificity is not a feature of this enhancer, and that the 41-kDa binding protein is ubiquitous. These data provide evidence that the 5'URR enhancer activity is dependent on only a few sequences and perhaps only one protein.
Auborn
K J
KJ
Department of Otolaryngology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York 11042.
Steinberg
B M
BM
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
D004279:DNA, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins