title: Acute and sustained changes in sodium balance during nifedipine treatment in essential hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the changes in sodium excretion and sodium balance after initiation of nifedipine treatment and after withdrawal of nifedipine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients with uncomplicated mild to moderate essential hypertension were entered in a single-blind, placebo-controlled study of 39 days' duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two 7-day periods while on a fixed sodium intake of 150 mmol/day approximately 3 weeks apart. After 4 days of a placebo and fixed sodium intake, patients were given nifedipine GITS (gastrointestinal therapeutic system) once a day and carefully studied for the following 4 days. Thereafter, patients continued to receive nifedipine GITS, and approximately 3 weeks later they were studied again for a week while on a fixed sodium intake. Nifedipine administration was stopped and changes occurring after withdrawal were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nifedipine caused a significant increase in sodium excretion with a cumulative loss of sodium of 38 mmol per subject within the first 4 days of treatment. The withdrawal of nifedipine treatment caused a significant decrease in sodium excretion and a cumulative retention of sodium of 42 mmol per subject within the first 4 days of withdrawal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nifedipine causes an acute and a sustained reduction in sodium balance in patients with essential hypertension. This prolonged effect may contribute to the mechanism whereby nifedipine lowers blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Cappuccio
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Markandu
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Sagnella
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: MacGregor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004231:Diuresis / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009318:Natriuresis / Q000187:drug effects; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011674:Pulse / Q000187:drug effects; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D000450:Aldosterone; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D012964:Sodium; D012083:Renin; D009543:Nifedipine