title: Classification of the eye changes of Graves' disease.
abstract: Classification of the eye changes of Graves' disease may have clinical use in the description of the present eye state, in the assessment of treatment results, and in the choice of therapy. Requirements for any classification system should include simplicity, clinical nature (i.e., easily carried out by any physician equipped with ordinary noninvasive techniques), reproducibility and meaningfulness (i.e., objective and of clinical relevance to the patient). The NOSPECS system (although it can be improved) is suitable for pure description. It is not very helpful in the assessment of treatment results. Therapeutic outcome probably is best described by measuring quantitatively changes in visual acuity, eye muscle motility, and proptosis. Such an approach, however, does not solve the problem of whether or not the overall outcome is a success in the patient with improvement in one aspect but worsening in another item. A recently developed clinical activity score may be helpful in the selection of therapy, especially for deciding whether or not immunosuppressive therapy should be instituted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Wiersinga
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Prummel
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mourits
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koornneef
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Buller
mesh_terms: D006111:Graves Disease / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans