title: Effects of interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha on the development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in autologous mixed lymphocyte tumour cultures with human melanoma.
abstract: We have studied the influence of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against melanoma in mixed lymphocyte tumour cultures (MLTC). In these MLTC, TNF-alpha at 10(4) U/ml increased the expansion of the CTL up to 10(4)-fold over recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) alone. IFN-gamma at 10(4) U/ml and combinations of TNF-alpha plus IFN-gamma at 10(2)-10(3) U/ml promoted the proliferation more variably. MLTC generated with rIL-2 showed a predominance of CD8+ cells, while 2 weeks of culture in the presence of IFN-gamma at 10(4) U/ml, or with IFN-gamma and TNF alpha at 1 x 10(2)-10(3) U/ml, favoured the emergence of CD4+ cell populations. The cytotoxic activity of the lymphocytes generated in these MLTC showed a consistent decline of K562 cytotoxic activity following exposure to the combination of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Despite the altered T cell subset distribution with different combinations of cytokines, no consistent alteration in the specific anti-tumour cytotoxicity against melanoma was detected. These results suggest that TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma influence the activation, phenotypic, and functional outcome of MLTC-generated CTL, and may account for the phenotypic variations observed in T cell populations generated in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Hornicek
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Gerstner
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
mesh_terms: D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000032:analysis; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D006680:HLA Antigens; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma