title: Immunoprophylaxis to limit a hepatitis B epidemic among women undergoing in vitro fertilization.
abstract: Women (175) who participated in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) programme were possibly exposed to hepatitis B virus. Later it became evident that 79 women had a hepatitis B infection, 49 were exposed but not infected and 47 were not exposed. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) and recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (HBvaxDNA) were offered to all women and partners except for those with established hepatitis B. Women were given an 'intensive' schedule of HBIg (0, 1 months) and vaccine (0, 1, 2, 6 months). Spouses received HBIg (0, 1 months) and vaccine (0, 1, 6 months). Blood samples were taken at the time of diagnosis of the HBV epidemic and at regular intervals. Hospital personnel immunized according to the regular schedule (0, 1 and 6 months) with HBvaxDNA but without HBIg served as controls. During the observation period of 7 months anti-HBc seroconversion was not observed. At month 7 the seroconversion rate for males was 89%, significantly lower than that for females (100%). Intermediate rates were found for the control groups (94%). Significant differences in geometric mean titre between IVF-treated patients and controls were, however, observed at month 7 (551 mIU ml-1 for female patients versus 1582 mIU ml-1 for their controls and 171 mIU ml-1 for males versus 899 mIU ml-1 for their controls). Possible explanations for the low reactivity to HBsAg vaccine are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Grosheide
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: van Osand
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Schalm
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Heijtink
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines; C045213:hepatitis B hyperimmune globulin