title: The reliability of endoscopic examination in assessment of arytenoid cartilage movement in horses. Part II. Influence of side of examination, reexamination, and sedation.
abstract: Twenty Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses underwent endoscopic evaluation of arytenoid cartilage movement twice within 1 week. Each time, a flexible endoscope was passed without sedation through the right nostril and the left nostril, and through the right nostril 5 minutes after administration of xylazine hydrochloride (0.55 mg/kg or 1.1 mg/kg intravenously). Laryngeal cartilage movement was videorecorded. All videotaped images were reviewed by three veterinarians and subjectively placed in one of four grades. The intraobserver agreement rate varied from 52.6% for examination under sedation with 1.1 mg/kg of xylazine to 89.5% for unsedated reexamination through the left nostril. The effect of the various observations on median laryngeal grade was calculated. Examination under xylazine hydrochloride at either dosage yielded a change in median laryngeal grade from the unsedated examination in 45% of the evaluations. Reevaluation through the right or left nostril resulted in a different median laryngeal grade in 21% and 5% of the examinations, respectively. Objective measurements of the rima glottidis obtained by computer-assisted morphometric analysis of the recorded laryngeal images allowed laryngeal images to be dichotomized regardless of the condition of endoscopic examination. Endoscopic evaluation of laryngeal cartilage movement is subjective and is influenced by sedation with xylazine, evaluation through the alternate nostril, and different day of examination. The most consistent evaluation was obtained during repeated examination through the left nostril.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853.
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Ducharme
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Fubini
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Erb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001193:Arytenoid Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D015588:Observer Variation; D014743:Videotape Recording; D014991:Xylazine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014991:Xylazine