title: A prospective study of in vitro anti-HBs producing B cells (spot-ELISA) following primary and supplementary vaccination with a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in insulin dependent diabetic patients and matched controls.
abstract: A prospective study of the immune response after hepatitis B vaccination was carried out in 32 insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and their age and sex matched healthy controls. A sensitive, immunoenzymatic technique was used, able to detect in vitro specific antibody production by mitogen stimulated individual B cells. In-vivo serologic response after vaccination with a standard scheme (0, 1 and 6 months) of 20 micrograms recombinant hepatitis B (HB) vaccine was significantly impaired in the IDDM patients both with respect to the number of nonresponders (25 versus 3%, P less than 0.05) and antibody titers reached (1,377 vs. 9,060 IU/L, P less than 0.05). The total number of in vitro IgM- and IgG-class immunoglobulin producing B cells as detected by the spot-ELISA, was found to be comparable in both groups. Specific IgG anti-HBs (and to a lesser extent IgM anti-HBs) showed impairment in the diabetic population as a whole. The number of IgG anti-HBs producing B cells was markedly depressed one month following vaccination, which is probably a reflection of homing of B cells outside the circulation. Responding subjects were identified early during their vaccination by the detection of in vitro anti-HBs production using the spot-ELISA. Non-responding healthy subjects and IDDM patients as a group showed a low number of IgG anti-HBs spots, suggesting a reduced specific memory B cell frequency. In 13 of 15 hypo- and nonresponders with positive IgG anti-HBs spots supplementary vaccination(s) resulted in improved anti-HBs levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wismans
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Hattum
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: de Gast
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Bouter
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Diepersloot
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maikoe
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Mudde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines