title: Reproducibility of electromyographic measures: a statistical analysis.
abstract: The masseter, temporalis anterior and digastric anterior muscles of five volunteers have been investigated by means of surface electromyography. Each muscle was tested by three operators at different times and under three distinct conditions of intermaxillary relationship: resting, with no occlusal contact (physiological rest position); occlusion in centric occlusion (C.O.) without clenching force; and maximum voluntary clench. In all the trials the BIO-PAK system (Bio-Research Associates Inc., Milwaukee, WI, USA) was used. Measurements were made in two consecutive experimental trials separated by an interval of about 15 days. In the first trial the operators had minimal instrumental experience, while in the second trial the same operators had minimal instrumental experience, while in the second trial the same operators had performed at least 30 measurements each. The data have been analysed by a factorial variance analysis, particularly with a view to comparing the variability between operators for each volunteer subject. The analysis revealed statistically significant differences only in the first experimental trial, due to the operators' lack of experience. The study demonstrates that the electromyographic system and protocol used allow good reproducibility of measurements. Furthermore, they have potential applications in both clinics and research.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Anatomia Umana Normale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Ferrario
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sforza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Addona
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miani
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000328:Adult; D001732:Bite Force; D003768:Dental Occlusion, Centric; D004576:Electromyography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000502:physiology*; D014716:Vertical Dimension