title: Comparative analysis of human and chicken transforming growth factor-beta 2 and -beta 3 promoters.
abstract: The promoters for chicken transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) and TGF-beta 3 were cloned and sequenced to study the regulation of these genes. The promoters are GC-rich and lie within CpG islands. Several putative DNA regulatory sequence motifs were identified in the 5'-flanking regions, including matches to particular recognition sequences for several nuclear factors found in other genes. A comparison of chicken and human TGF-beta 2 promoters revealed a 111 bp conserved sequence surrounding the major transcription start site. Two regions of sequence homology were detected in the 5'-flanking regions of chicken and human TGF-beta 3 genes: an 86 bp sequence surrounding the major transcription start and a 156 bp sequence in the 5'-untranslated region. No DNA sequence homology was detected between TGF-beta 1, -beta 2 or -beta 3 promoters. The conserved region near the major transcription start sites in both the TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3 genes, however, does show some structural homology; both promoters contain short conserved sequences that resemble TATA box, cyclic AMP-responsive element and AP-2 sequence motifs, cis-acting elements we believe may be important for promoter activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, AFRC Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Roslin, Midlothian.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Burt
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Paton
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Dey
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002645:Chickens; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C015772:CpG dinucleotide