title: Cocaine in pregnancy: the effect of maternal administration of cocaine on the maternal and fetal pituitary-adrenal axes.
abstract: The effects of cocaine on the maternal and fetal pituitary-adrenal axis in vivo during pregnancy have not been reported. Six pregnant ewes and their fetuses underwent instrumentation at 113 to 119 days' gestation. Ewes were assigned to receive an intravenous bolus injection of vehicle or cocaine (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg.kg-1) at 124 to 136 days' gestation. Maternal arterial blood gases, fetal pH and fetal PCO2 were unchanged after injection of cocaine or vehicle. After administration of 2.0 mg.kg-1 cocaine, arterial fetal PO2 fell 3.2 +/- 1.72 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) at +5 minutes, returning to baseline by +15 minutes. Maternal and fetal adrenocorticotropin levels rose within 5 minutes after the highest cocaine dose (p less than 0.05). There was a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in maternal cortisol at all doses of cocaine and in fetal cortisol at +15 minutes after the 2.0 mg.kg-1.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Owiny
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sadowsky
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Massman
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Nathanielsz
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D003042:Cocaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D012756:Sheep; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003042:Cocaine; D006854:Hydrocortisone