title: An adverse wound environment activates leukocytes prematurely.
abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of different wound environments on wound activation. Our wound model provided two distinct environments, a well vascularized musculocutaneous flap and a poorly perfused random-pattern flap, in miniature swine. Leukocytes were isolated and analyzed by the following three variables: surface and total cellular Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), superoxide anion expression, and lactoferrin release. Leukocytes from the unfavorable, poorly oxygenated wound environment activate on entry into the wound. Leukocytes from the musculocutaneous flap wound are better able to respond to a maximal challenge with the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate. These findings may account for the enhanced bactericidal actions of the musculocutaneous flap compared with the random-pattern flap observed clinically.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine 94143.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Moelleken
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mathes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amerhauser
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scheuenstuhl
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries; D001769:Blood; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D009132:Muscles / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
chemical_list: D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D013481:Superoxides; D013193:Stainless Steel; D007781:Lactoferrin