title: Acute bronchodilating effects of ipratropium bromide and theophylline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: The bronchodilator effects of a single dose of ipratropium bromide aerosol (36 micrograms) and short-acting theophylline tablets (dose titrated to produce serum levels of 10-20 micrograms/mL) were compared in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in 21 patients with stable, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mean peak forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) increases over baseline and the proportion of patients attaining at least a 15% increase in the FEV1 (responders) were 31% and 90%, respectively, for ipratropium and 17% and 50%, respectively, for theophylline. The average FEV1 increases during the 6-hour observation period were 18% for ipratropium and 8% for theophylline. The mean duration of action was 3.8 hours with ipratropium and 2.4 hours with theophylline. While side effects were rare, those experienced after theophylline use did involve the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. These results show that ipratropium is a more potent bronchodilator than oral theophylline in patients with chronic airflow obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Bleecker
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Britt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D000368:Aged; D001980:Bronchi / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009241:Ipratropium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D013607:Tablets; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000139:chemically induced; D013806:Theophylline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D010919:Placebos; D013607:Tablets; D013806:Theophylline; D009241:Ipratropium