title: Meal-time intranasal insulin delivery in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Correction of the deficiency of early meal-time insulin secretion, using intravenous insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes causes substantial improvement in post-prandial hyperglycaemia. The present study was designed to determine whether similar benefit would result from physiological supplementation using intranasal insulin delivery. Six patients with Type 2 diabetes were studied twice during a standard mixed meal. At the start of the meal they received a single intranasal spray containing either 15 units of insulin in 1% sodium glycocholate (adjuvant agent) or glycocholate alone (placebo) in a single-blind fashion. Intranasal insulin delivery resulted in rapid absorption of insulin with peak levels (92 +/- 8 (+/- SE) mU l-1) within 5-10 min. Peak insulin levels were at least equal to those in non-diabetic subjects, though occurring at an earlier time-point. However, no significant improvement in post-prandial hyperglycaemia was seen (peak blood glucose increment 4.9 +/- 0.6 vs 5.4 +/- 0.5 mmol l-1; total 3-h response 611 +/- 53 vs 668 +/- 41 mmol l-1 min). We conclude that an elevation of insulin levels, earlier and more transient than the normal physiological response, achieved by intranasal insulin delivery at the start of a meal, fails to significantly improve the blood glucose excursion in Type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Storlien
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borkman
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Kraegen
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004435:Eating; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D005934:Glucagon