Astroglia in CNS injury.
The astroglial response to CNS injury is considered in the context of neuron-glial relationships. Although previous models suggested that astroglial cells present in "scars" impede axon regrowth owing to irreversible changes in the glial cell following injury, recent in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that astroglial cells exhibit considerable plasticity, elevating expression of the glial filament protein and altering expression of properties which support axons, including extracellular matrix components and cell surface adhesion systems. Both in vivo and in vitro studies on neuron-glia interactions in different brain regions suggest that glia express region-specific properties, including ion channels, neurotransmitter uptake and receptor systems, and cell surface adhesion systems. Together these findings suggest that a more detailed analysis of glial response to injury in different brain regions will lead to an appreciation of the diversity of the astroglial response to injury, and its regulation by neuron-glia relationships.
Hatten
M E
ME
Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032.
Liem
R K
RK
Shelanski
M L
ML
Mason
C A
CA
D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D049188:Prenatal Injuries; D051381:Rats; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
D015415:Biomarkers; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D006133:Growth Substances