title: Depletion of cellular calcium accelerates protein degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum.
abstract: In this study the effects of A23187 and thapsigargin on the degradation of T-cell antigen receptor-beta (TCR-beta) and CD3-delta in the endoplasmic reticulum have been studied. Preliminary experiments showed that these drugs had different effects on the secretory pathway. Depletion of cellular calcium pools by incubation of cells with A23187 in calcium-free medium blocked transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus whereas thapsigargin caused a modest increase in transport. When added to cells transfected with TCR-beta or CD3-delta the drugs caused an immediate stimulation of proteolysis of presynthesized protein and at maximum effective concentrations caused a 3-fold increase in the rate of degradation. They did not affect the lag period of 1 h which precedes degradation of newly synthesized proteins. Chelation of cytosolic calcium also accelerated degradation, suggesting that depletion of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum was the main stimulus of proteolysis and that increased degradation was not caused by a transient increase in cytosolic calcium levels. The selectivity of degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum was maintained. A23187 had no effect on the stability of CD3-gamma nor co-transfected epsilon-beta dimers. Calcium depletion increased the overall rate of degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum and increased the rate of proteolysis of an "anchor minus" beta chain. The results suggested that proteolysis within the endoplasmic reticulum may be regulated by the high concentrations of Ca2+ which are stored in the organelle. Ca2+ may be required for protein folding. Calcium depletion may have caused the beta and delta chains to adopt a conformation that was more susceptible to proteolysis. Alternatively, calcium depletion may have disrupted the lumenal content of the endoplasmic reticulum and increased the access of proteases to potential substrates.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wileman
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terhorst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000378:metabolism; D020126:Brefeldin A; D017252:CD3 Complex; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002460:Cell Line; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D019284:Thapsigargin; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D017252:CD3 Complex; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D013729:Terpenes; D020126:Brefeldin A; D000001:Calcimycin; D019284:Thapsigargin; D002738:Chloroquine; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium