title: Detection of hyperreactive T cells in multiple myeloma by multivalent cross-linking of the CD3/TCR complex.
abstract: Cellular immunity was investigated in 43 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) by assessing 3HTdR uptake induced by monocyte-dependent [CD3 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), phytohemagglutinin (PHA)] and monocyte-independent (CD2 MoAbs, ionomycin + phorbolester) stimulations. The former were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) and purified T cells; the latter were evaluated in purified T-cell preparations only. MM showed significantly lower PBMNC responses to PHA (P less than .001), soluble OKT3 (CD3) (P = .01), and immobilized OKT3 MoAbs (P = .01). On purification of T cells, MM responses were still defective to soluble T11(2) + T11(3) (CD2) MoAbs (P = .004), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus ionomycin (P less than .001), but significantly higher to plastic-immobilized OKT3 (P = .004). In some MM, 3HTdR uptake, interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (CD25) expression, and IL-2 production were as high on stimulation with plastic-immobilized OKT3 as that observed in normal subjects under optimal conditions (ie, plastic-immobilized OKT3 plus accessory signals). CD3 hyperreactivity correlated with the number of CD8+ HLA-DR+ cells in MM T-cell preparations. MM patients with more than 10% CD8+ HLA-DR+ cells had significantly higher responses to immobilized OKT3 (P less than .001), but lower responses to T11(2) plus T11(3) (P = .01), and PMA plus ionomycin (P = .03) than patients with less than 10% CD8+ HLA-DR+ cells. Phenotyping of CD45RA (naive) and CD45R0 (memory) expressions in resting MM T cells showed a lower ratio of CD45RA to CD45R0 in both CD4 (P less than .05) and CD8 (P less than .001) subpopulations. These data indicate that (a) some MM T cells require significantly fewer accessory signals (if any) to express the IL-2 receptor fully, secrete IL-2, and proliferate on multivalent cross-linking of the CD3/TCR complex; and (b) this peculiar state of activation is associated with high HLA-DR expression in CD8+ lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina e Oncologia Sperimentale, Ospedale Molinette, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massaia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Attisano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peola
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Redoglia
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dianzani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pileri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006649:Histocompatibility Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000276:immunology*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology*; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D006649:Histocompatibility Antigens; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D015759:Ionomycin; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate