title: Functions of the various IgG Fc receptors in mediating killing of Toxoplasma gondii.
abstract: The three types of IgG FcR (Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RII, Fc gamma RIII) on human leukocytes play an important role in elimination of antibody-coated infectious agents. To further understand the role of the different Fc gamma R in mediating this killing, we examined the ability of human myeloid and lymphoid cells to kill the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii in the presence of antitoxoplasma IgG or bispecific antibodies. Although human myeloid cells (monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils) all lysed unsensitized T. gondii, killing by these cells was significantly enhanced by opsonization with antitoxoplasma rabbit IgG. Human lymphocytes, however, did not lyse T. gondii unless the parasites were coated with antibody. The role of antibody and Fc gamma R in mediating ADCC of T. gondii was then examined using bispecific antibodies made by chemically cross-linking Fab fragments of antitoxoplasma antibodies to Fab fragments of antibodies specific for human leukocyte surface Ag, including Fc gamma R. Thus, simultaneous binding of these bispecifics to parasites and effector cells allowed an evaluation of killing when T. gondii were targeted to each Ag independently. Bispecifics which targeted T. gondii to Fc gamma RI, II or III enhanced lysis by monocytes. However, similar results were obtained with bispecifics targeting T. gondii to non-Fc gamma R Ag (CD11b or beta 2-microglobulin) on monocytes. Likewise, polymorphonuclear leukocytes mediated significantly more lysis in the presence of bispecifics linking T. gondii to Fc gamma RII, Fc gamma RIII, or the two non-Fc gamma R Ag CD11b and beta 2-microglobulin. Thus, although human myeloid cells did not require antibody-Fc gamma R triggering to kill T. gondii, antibody appeared to enhance lysis by capturing and directing the parasites to the effector cell surface. Human lymphocytes, in contrast, mediated significant lysis of T. gondii only in the presence of bispecifics targeting T. gondii to Fc gamma RIII, indicating a requirement for specific triggering of Fc gamma RIII for killing by large granular lymphocytes. Consequently, using bispecifics to compare targeting to specific Ag, both non-Fc gamma R and Fc gamma R, allowed determination of the role of antibody-Fc gamma R interactions in T. gondii killing. In addition, these studies demonstrate the potential of bispecifics in determining the role of specific Ag in killing of or infection by pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03756.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Erbe
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Pfefferkorn
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Fanger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000502:physiology*; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D011961:Receptors, Fc; D017452:Receptors, IgG