title: Albuminuria and associated medical risk factors: a cross-sectional study in 451 type II (noninsulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Part 2.
abstract: The association between urinary albumin concentration (UAC) in a morning urine sample and medical risk factors was evaluated in a cross-sectional study of 451 type II (noninsulin-dependent) diabetic patients. The following four groups of patients were created according to their urinary albumin levels: A) normal (less than 12.5 mg/L); B) high normal (12.5-30 mg/L); C) microalbuminuria, ie, incipient nephropathy (31-299 mg/L); and D) clinical nephropathy (greater than or equal to 300 mg/L). The patients with high normal levels had higher HbA1c and systolic blood pressure levels than patients with values within normal limits. The prevalence of incipient and clinical diabetic nephropathy was 20 and 7%, respectively. Incipient nephropathy was associated with higher blood pressures and body weights. Patients with clinical nephropathy had even further increases in these parameters, were older, and had longer duration of diabetes. In both groups of nephropathy, men were preponderant. Thirty six percent of all patients and 73% of patients with clinical nephropathy were treated for hypertension; 55% were treated with insulin. The insulin-treated patients had poorer metabolic control, but there were no differences in blood pressure or serum creatinine levels as compared with those of patients not receiving insulin treatment. The proportion of patients with severe retinopathy increased with the degree of albuminuria, although 22% of the patients with clinical nephropathy continued to be nonretinopathic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Torffvit
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agardh
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Agardh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007328:Insulin