title: Effects of disulfiram on hepatic P450IIE1, other microsomal enzymes, and hepatotoxicity in rats.
abstract: Disulfiram, widely used in avoidance therapy for alcohol abuse, has been shown to have protective effects against chemically induced toxicity and carcinogenesis. The purpose of this work was to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms of this protective action by examining its effects on cytochrome P450IIE1 and other related microsomal enzyme activities. When a dose of disulfiram was given intragastrically to rats, a very rapid decrease of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) demethylase activity, possibly due to the inactivation of P450IIE1, was seen. The loss of P450IIE1 protein from the microsomal membrane was observed at 18 hr after receiving disulfiram, but not within the first 5 hr after the treatment. P450IIB1, on the other hand, was induced markedly between 15 and 72 hr after the disulfiram treatment. The treatment, however, caused only moderate changes in some other P450 isozymes. Carbon disulfide, a putative metabolite of disulfiram, produced similar effects on P450IIE1, but with shorter duration. Carbon disulfide, however, did not induce P450IIB1. Diethyldithiocarbamate, a reductive product of disulfiram, was an inhibitor of P450IIE1 activity in vitro, and upon preincubation with microsomes, it produced an NADPH-dependent inactivation of NDMA demethylase activity. The results suggest that this or other metabolites of disulfiram are inhibitors of P450IIE1 and are responsible for the inactivation of P450IIE1 in vivo. Hepatotoxicity of NDMA or CCI4 in rats was blocked by pretreatment with disulfiram. The present work demonstrates that P450IIE1 was inhibited and inactivated by disulfiram, and this mechanism can account for many of the reported inhibitory actions of disulfiram against chemically induced toxicity and carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855-0789.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gapac
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine / Q000633:toxicity; D004221:Disulfiram / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004050:Ditiocarb / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D004050:Ditiocarb; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D010105:Oxygenases; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine; D004221:Disulfiram