title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vif, vpr, and vpu mutants can produce persistently infected cells.
abstract: A series of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mutants in vif, vpr, vpu, and nef were constructed from an infectious plasmid (pNL 432) containing the full-length HIV-1 DNA by frameshift mutations. The capacities for replication and cell killing of these mutant viruses were examined in a clonal cell line (M 10) isolated from HTLV-I-transformed MT-4 cells. In all cases, the mutant viruses replicated, expressed HIV-1 antigens, and induced drastic cytopathic effects. However, some M 10 cells survived infection with vif, vpr, and vpu mutant viruses and became persistently HIV-1-infected, whereas no cells survived infection with the nef mutant as well as the wild-type virus. The HIV-1 particles produced from the surviving cells after infection with the vif, vpr, or vpu mutant viruses were fully replicative in M 10 cells without apparent cytopathic effects.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunological Science, Hokkaido University, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sumiya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maotani-Imai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikuta
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death; D002999:Clone Cells; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D015754:Genes, nef; D016341:Genes, vif; D016334:Genes, vpr; D016338:Genes, vpu; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication