title: Bending and torsion fractures in long bones (a mechanical and radiologic assessment of clinical cases).
abstract: Long bone injuries in clinical cases are studied by comparison of roentgenograms with a rational mechanical analysis of the injuries. Fractures produced by torsional loads have a spiral shape with a smooth and even surface. Fractures induced by bending loads have uneven and rugged fracture surfaces perpendicular to the bone axis. Long bones are weak in torsion but strong in tensile stress produced by bending. This result corresponds to the clinical fact that a large direct external force is needed to produce a transverse fracture while a spiral fracture is produced by a relatively small torque.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyasaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Yokobori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002648:Child; D004285:Dogs; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014102:Torsion Abnormality