title: Nutrition and education. II. Educational achievement and nutrient intake of Chilean elementary and high school graduates.
abstract: The interrelationships between educational achievement (EA) and nutrient intake were investigated in 550 Chilean adolescent schoolers graduating from elementary and high school. The random sample included schoolers from both educational levels (1:1), from public and private schools (1:1), and from high, medium, and low socioeconomic status (SES) (1:1:1). Standard procedures for 24-hour dietary recall interviews were used to collect data, and adequacy of intake was assessed by the FAO/WHO Pattern. EA was measured by means of the Achievement Evaluation Program (AEP) and Academic Aptitude Test (AAT) in elementary and high school, respectively. In elementary school graduates, results showed a significant and positive correlation between EA (AEP) and energy, protein, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, calcium and vitamin A intake (Multiple r = 0.456 p less than 0.01; r2 = 0.208). The School Feeding Program beneficiaries who belonged to the low SES presented the lowest EA (AEP) together with a deficient nutrient intake, especially for energy, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A and calcium, at the same time that they registered the lowest values for those anthropometric parameters, indicators of past nutrition, that is to say height-for-age, weight-for-age, head circumference-for-age and a higher upper-to-lower segment ratio, as compared with non-beneficiaries from the same SES and with those from the higher strata. In high-school graduates, EA (AAT) was found to be significantly and positively correlated with protein, calcium, riboflavin and iron intake (Multiple r = 0.438 p less than 0.001; r2 = 0.192). Nevertheless, these interrelationship are strongly related to SES and sex. Results showed that educational achievement (EA) is significantly and positively associated with nutrient intake, this fact being important for educational planning related to the School Feeding Program.
authors.affiliation: University of Chile, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Santiago.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ivanovic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vásquez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marambio
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ballester
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zacarías
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aguayo
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001824:Body Constitution; D001835:Body Weight; D002677:Chile; D015930:Diet Records; D004493:Education; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005502:Food / Q000145:classification; D005522:Food Services; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011897:Random Allocation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors