title: In vitro effect of additives in benzodiazepine solutions on the superoxide anion-generating system in polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
abstract: Inhibitory effects of diazepam and flunitrazepam on the superoxide anion (O2-)-generating system in granulocytes were examined for their clinical relevance. When the effects of commercial solutions and pure preparations were compared using porcine and human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro, the solutions were found to be more inhibitory than the pure drugs by 4-11 times, indicating that inhibition was caused mainly by the additives in the solutions. Concentrations of the additives required for 50% maximal inhibition of the system were 2.3, 7.5 and 0.9 microliters ml-1 for propylene glycol, ethanol and diazepam and flunitrazepam were 220 and 190 micrograms ml-1, respectively, under comparable conditions. However, plasma concentrations of the benzodiazepines and their additives during clinical use were far less than these inhibitory concentrations, indicating that they had no appreciable effect on the O2(-)-generating system in polymorphonuclear leucocytes of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morisaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishimura
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions / Q000378:metabolism; D019905:Benzyl Alcohol; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005445:Flunitrazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects*; D010592:Pharmaceutic Aids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D010592:Pharmaceutic Aids; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D013481:Superoxides; D000431:Ethanol; D005445:Flunitrazepam; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D019905:Benzyl Alcohol; D003975:Diazepam