title: Phosphate binding and ATP-binding sites coexist in Na+/K(+)-transporting ATPase, as demonstrated by the inactivating MgPO4 complex analogue Co(NH3)4PO4.
abstract: Tetrammine cobalt(III) phosphate [Co(NH3)4PO4] inactivates Na+/K(+)-ATPase in the E2 conformational state, dependent on time and concentration, according to Eqn (1): Co(NH3)4PO4 + E2 Kd in equilibrium E2.Co(NH3)4PO4k2----E'2.Co(NH3)4PO4. The inactivation rate constant k2 for the formation of a stable E'2.Co(NH3)4PO4 at 37 degrees C was 0.057 min-1; the dissociation constant, Kd = 300 microM. The activation energy for the inactivation process was 149 kJ/mol. ATP and the uncleavable adenosine 5'-[beta, gamma-methylene]triphosphate competed with Co(NH3)4PO4 for its binding site with Ks = 0.41 mM and 5 mM, respectively. MgPO4 competed with Co(NH3)4PO4 linearly, with Ks = 50 microM, as did phosphate (Ks = 16 mM) and Mg2+ (Ks = 160 microM). It is concluded that the MgPO4 analogue binds to the MgPO4-binding subsite of the low-affinity ATP-binding site (of the E2 conformation). Also, Na+ (Ks = 860 microM) protected the enzyme against inactivation in a competitive manner. From the intersecting (slope and intercept linear) noncompetitive effect of Na+ against the inactivation by Co(NH3)4PO4, apparent affinities of K+ for the free enzyme of 41 microM, and for the E.Co(NH3)4PO4 complex of 720 microM, were calculated. Binding of Co(NH3)4PO4 to the enzyme inactivated Na+/K(+)-ATPase and K(+)-activated phosphatase, and, moreover, prevented the occlusion of 86Rb+; however, the activity of the Na(+)-ATPase, the phosphorylation capacity of the high-affinity ATP-binding site and the ATP/ADP-exchange reaction remained unchanged. With Co(NH3)432PO4 a binding capacity of 135 pmol unit enzyme was found. Phosphorylation and complete inactivation of the enzyme with Co(NH3)432PO4 or the 32P-labelled tetramminecobalt ATP ([gamma-32P]Co(NH3)4ATP) at the low-affinity ATP-binding site, allowed (independent of the purity of the Na+/K(+)-ATPase preparation) a further incorporation of radioactivity from 32P-labelled tetraaquachromium(III) ATP ([gamma-32P]CrATP) to the high-affinity ATP-binding site with unchanged phosphorylation capacity. However, inactivation and phosphorylation of Na+/K(+)-ATPase by [gamma-32P]CrATP prevented the binding of Co(NH3)4 32PO4 or [gamma-32P]Co(NH3)4ATP to the enzyme. [gamma-32P]CO(NH3)4ATP and Co(NH3)432PO4 are mutually exclusive. The data are consistent with the assumption of a cooperation of catalytic subunits within an (alpha,beta)2-diprotomer, which change their interactions during the Na+/K(+)-pumping process. Our findings seem not to support a symmetrical Repke and Stein model of enzyme action.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biochemie und Endokrinologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buxbaum
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schoner
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D003035:Cobalt; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D008954:Models, Biological; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C066354:cobalt tetraammine phosphate; D003035:Cobalt; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C030781:magnesium phosphate; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D008274:Magnesium