title: Premedication and short term complications in iohexol discography.
abstract: In 52 patients 0.5-3.0 ml of iohexol, 180 mg/ml, was injected using lateral injection technique and fluoroscopy control. A total of 146 lumbar discs using local anaesthesia was injected. Two types of premedication were used; either diazepam alone or diazepam in combination with pethidine and glycopyrronium bromide. There was no difference in the discography injection pain between the groups (X2 = 0.774, P greater than 0.05]. During discography, some patients had nausea (2%), convulsions (4%), back pain (6%) and hypotension (10%), but no allergic reactions were seen. This suggests that these immediate reactions are more related to the procedure itself than to the non-ionic ratio 3.0 iohexol contrast medium. More troublesome iatrogenic complications were seen the day after the discography in the form of severe headache (10%) probably related to liquor leakage, and increasing low back pain (81%). The latter may be caused by local haematoma or chemical irritation from iohexol. Patients with no pain during injection had a relatively slight need for analgesics (Somer's D = -0.196, P less than 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Orthopaedic Hospital of the Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tallroth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soini
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Antti-Poika
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Konttinen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Honkanen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yrjönen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001416:Back Pain / Q000209:etiology; D003975:Diazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007472:Iohexol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007472:Iohexol; D008614:Meperidine; D003975:Diazepam; D006024:Glycopyrrolate