title: Inhibitory effect of rhodamine B on the proliferation of human lip fibroblasts in culture.
abstract: The effect of the cosmetic dye rhodamine B on the proliferation of human lip fibroblasts (KD cells) was investigated in a culture system. Rhodamine B at 25 micrograms/ml and above significantly decreased the number of the cells after a 72 h culture. A time course study revealed that 50 micrograms/ml of rhodamine B-induced decrease in the cell number occurred after 48 h and longer, suggesting that the dye inhibited cell proliferation without a decrease in cell attachment. The detachment of [3H]thymidine-labeled cells from the monolayer was unaffected by rhodamine B at 100 micrograms/ml and below. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [14C]leucine into the acid-insoluble fraction of the cell layer was significantly inhibited by 50 micrograms/ml rhodamine B treatment. Histologically, the damage of KD cells was not marked, however, a degenerative change of nuclei and an irregular shape of the cells as well as a decrease in the cell number were caused by 50 micrograms/ml rhodamine B. Rhodamine 6G caused a severe damage of the cells, and rhodamine B significantly decreased the cell number; rhodamine 123 had no significant effect; rhodamine 116 significantly increased the cell number. Furthermore, rhodamine B decreased the number of both vascular endothelial cells from bovine aorta and vascular smooth muscle cells from murine aorta after a 72 h culture. It is concluded that rhodamine B inhibits the proliferation of human lip fibroblasts. This rhodamine B effect may be a warning sign for the dye toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurashige
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koizumi
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012235:Rhodamines; D004247:DNA; C029773:rhodamine B