title: A bioinformational systems perspective on tobacco dependence.
abstract: Recent thinking about tobacco dependence has been influenced largely by a focus on the pharmacological effects of nicotine. We advocate a return to earlier views of dependence as comprising both pharmacological and non-pharmacological aspects. Moreover, we suggest that it may be profitable to reformulate research on dependence in terms of a bioinformational process model. The basic tenets of such a model are outlined, as are the challenges in exploring the nature of dependence simultaneously across the cognitive, physiological and behavioral domains of function.
authors.affiliation: Miriam Hospital, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Providence, RI 02906.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niaura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abrams
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D009042:Motivation; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011603:Psychophysiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine