title: Magnitude of dietary effects on plasma cholesterol concentration: role of sex and apolipoprotein E phenotype.
abstract: The effects of fat-controlled, low-cholesterol and high-fat, high-cholesterol diets pursued for 4 weeks on plasma lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 44 healthy middle-aged subjects (22 women and 22 men). All the calories were supplied from the hospital kitchen. When the subjects were switched from the fat-controlled, low-cholesterol diet to the high-fat, high-cholesterol diet the average increase in total cholesterol was 1.2 mmol/l (28%), ranging from 0.2 to 2.7 mmol/l (4-56%). At the same time the average increase in LDL cholesterol was 1.0 mmol/l (39%), ranging from 0.1 to 2.4 mmol/l (3-90%). Interestingly, the men responded to the dietary changes more sensitively than the women. The increase in total cholesterol from the low-fat to the high-fat diet was 31% for the men and 25% for the women (P less than 0.05), the corresponding increases in LDL cholesterol being 42% and 37%, respectively (P less than 0.05). A marked increase in HDL cholesterol was observed when the subjects were switched from the low-fat to the high-fat diet, the increase being 30% for the men and 20% for the women. The absolute and percentage lipid changes on the two diets were equal in the subjects with the common apolipoprotein E phenotype 3/3 and in those homozygous and heterozygous for the epsilon 4 allele (E4/4 and E4/3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rantala
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kervinen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Järvi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suvanto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rantala
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kesäniemi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014280:Triglycerides
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol