title: Pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) acclimated at two different temperature levels.
abstract: The influence of temperature (10 degrees C and 20 degrees C) on pharmacokinetics and metabolism of sulphadimidine (SDM) in carp and trout was studied. At 20 degrees C a significantly lower level of distribution (Vdarea) and a significantly shorter elimination half-life (T(1/2)beta) was achieved in both species compared to the 10 degrees C level. In carp the body clearance parameter (ClB(SDM)) was significantly higher at 20 degrees C compared to the value at 10 degrees C, whereas for trout this parameter was in the same order of magnitude for both temperatures. N4-acetylsulphadimidine (N4-SDM) was the main metabolite of SDM in both species at the two temperature levels. The relative N4-SDM plasma percentage in carp was significantly higher at 20 degrees C than at 10 degrees C, whereas there was in trout no significant difference. In neither species was the peak plasma concentration of N4-SDM (Cmax(N4-SDM)) significantly different at two temperatures. The corresponding peak time of this metabolite (Tmax(N4-SDM)) was significantly shorter at 20 degrees C compared to 10 degrees C in both carp and trout. In carp at both temperatures, acetylation occurs to a greater extent than hydroxylation. Only the 6-hydroxymethyl-metabolite (SCH2OH) was detected in carp, at a significant different level at the two temperatures. Concentrations of hydroxy metabolites in trout were at the detection level of the HPLC-method (0.02-micrograms/ml). The glucuronide metabolite (SOH-gluc.) was not detected in either species at the two temperatures.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Nijmegen and Zodiac, Agricultural University, Wageningen.
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: van Ginneken
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Nouws
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Grondel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Driessens
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Degen
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006207:Half-Life; D006900:Hydroxylation; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013696:Temperature; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014337:Trout / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013418:Sulfamethazine