title: Intracranial pressures and O2 extraction in conscious sheep during 72 h of hypoxia.
abstract: High-altitude cerebral edema may occur within several days after a rapid ascent to altitude. However, the mechanisms that produce this potentially lethal condition are unclear. This experiment assessed systemic arterial and intracranial pressures (n = 22) and cerebral blood flow per unit cerebral O2 consumption (Qc/cVo2) and cerebral O2 extraction fraction (cEo2) (n = 9) in conscious sheep before and during 72 h of normobaric hypoxia (arterial O2 tension approximately 40 mmHg, oxygen saturation in arterial blood approximately 50%). Qc/cVo2 and cEo2 were calculated from systemic arterial and cerebral venous O2 contents. Wet-to-dry brain weight ratios were calculated during normoxia (n = 4) or after 72 h of hypoxia (n = 5) in additional sheep. Intracranial pressures did not change during hypoxia (+ 1.3 to +1.8 mmHg, P = 1.0); however, estimated intracranial capillary hydrostatic pressure may have increased 1-20 mmHg depending on the arterial-to-downstream resistance ratio. During the 72 h of hypoxia, Qc/cVO2 doubled (P = 0.02) and cEo2 tended to decrease (5% absolute, P = 1.0). Regional wet-to-dry brain weight ratios after 72 h of hypoxia were 4-13% greater than their respective ratios during normoxia (0.001 less than P less than or equal to 0.05); indirect evidence suggests that this increased brain water content was extravascular. The sheep may be an appropriate model for the further study of high-altitude cerebral edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo 14214.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Curran-Everett
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Meredith
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Krasney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005740:Gases / Q000097:blood; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D009929:Organ Size; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012756:Sheep; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005740:Gases