title: Protruding atheromas in the thoracic aorta and systemic embolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether protruding atheromas in the thoracic aorta are a risk factor for systemic embolization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A referral hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 122 patients with a history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral emboli and an equal number of age- and sex-matched control patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation using transesophageal echocardiography was done in case patients to detect protruding atheromas in the thoracic aorta and in control patients for cardiac indications other than emboli.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Matched logistic regression showed that the presence of protruding atheromas was strongly related to the occurrence of embolic symptoms (odds ratio, 3.2; 95% Cl, 1.6 to 6.5; P less than 0.001). Furthermore, atheromas with mobile components were present only in case patients. When known risk factors for stroke (hypertension and diabetes) were added to the model, the presence of protruding atheromas remained an independent risk factor for embolic symptoms (odds ratio, 3.8). Hypertension was also independently associated with embolic symptoms (odds ratio, 2.7), but diabetes was not (odds ratio, 1.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protruding atheromas in the thoracic aorta can be detected by transesophageal echocardiography and should be considered as a cause of strokes, transient ischemic attacks, and peripheral emboli.
authors.affiliation: New York University Medical Center, New York.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tunick
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kronzon
mesh_terms: D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000473:pathology; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D004617:Embolism / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002542:Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D012044:Regression Analysis