title: A study of the association between improved sanitation facilities and children's height in Lesotho.
abstract: The impact of improved sanitation on the anthropometric status of children under 5 years in Lesotho was investigated using children recruited into a case-control study of diarrhoea morbidity. The children's height-for-age Z-scores were used as an indicator of chronic undernutrition. Classifying children as 'stunted' or 'adequately nourished' revealed some evidence of an association between latrine ownership and attained height. After allowing for confounding variables, the odds of stunting were 18 per cent lower among children in households with latrines (95 per cent confidence interval, 36 per cent lower to 3 per cent higher). More powerful analyses, using height-for-age as a continuous outcome variable, revealed that the mean height-for-age Z-score of children from households with a latrine was 0.27 standard deviations higher than that of children from households without a latrine (95 per cent c.i. = 0.12 to 0.42). These results suggest that the anthropometric status of children may be as responsive to improvements in sanitation facilities as diarrhoea morbidity in some settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Cousens
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Makoae
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Feachem
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015982:Bias; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007927:Lesotho / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012499:Sanitation; D014881:Water Supply