title: Pharmacodynamics of nicotine: implications for rational treatment of nicotine addiction.
abstract: Rational treatment of the pharmacologic aspects of tobacco addiction includes nicotine substitution therapy. Understanding the pharmacodynamics of nicotine and its role in the addiction process provides a basis for rational therapeutic intervention. Pharmacodynamic considerations are discussed in relation to the elements of smoking cessation therapy: setting objectives, selecting appropriate medication and dosing form, selecting the optimal doses and dosage regimens, assessing therapeutic outcome, and adjusting therapy to optimize benefits and minimize risks.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Benowitz
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D002638:Chewing Gum; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D009538:Nicotine