title: Spinal immobilization on a flat backboard: does it result in neutral position of the cervical spine?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the amount of occipital padding required to achieve neutral position of the cervical spine when a patient is immobilized on a flat backboard. Neutral position was defined as the normal anatomic position of the head and torso that one assumes when standing looking straight ahead.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive with hypothesis testing of selected descriptive elements.
  
  
  METHODS
  University campus and hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred healthy young adults with no history of back disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteers were measured in standing and supine positions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occipital offset; height; weight; and head, neck, and chest circumferences were measured for each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of occipital offset required to achieve neutral position varied from 0 to 3.75 in. (mean, 1.5 in.). Mean occipital offset for men (1.67 in.) was significantly greater than that for women (1.31 in.) Easily obtained body measurements did not accurately predict occipital offset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immobilization on a flat backboard would place 98% of our study subjects in relative cervical extension. Occipital padding would place a greater percentage of patients in neutral position and increase patient comfort during transport.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Emergency Medicine Center 90024.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Schriger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larmon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: LeGassick
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blinman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D009333:Neck / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D011187:Posture; D013131:Spine / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013909:Thorax / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014187:Transportation of Patients