title: Randomized controlled trial of prophylactic rifampin for peritoneal dialysis-related infections.
abstract: Staphylococcal infections are a major cause of catheter infections and peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients. Since catheter-related infections are associated with nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in this population, we studied the effect of intermittent rifampin, an antibiotic known to decrease S aureus nasal carriage, on catheter-related infections and peritonitis. We randomly assigned 64 patients to receive either rifampin 300 mg twice daily for 5 days every 3 months or no treatment. The rifampin-treated patients had a significant delay in time to first catheter-related infection (P less than 0.015) and significantly fewer catheter-related infections overall (P less than 0.001). The catheter-related infection rate in rifampin-treated patients was .26 per patient-year versus .93 per patient-year in untreated patients. Multivariate analysis defined baseline colonization of nares or catheter exit-site and prior renal transplant as risk factors for catheter-related infections. There was no significant difference in peritonitis rates between groups, although the trend was for a delayed time to first episodes and fewer episodes in rifampin-treated patients. Adverse effects necessitated withdrawal of rifampin in four patients. We conclude that intermittent rifampin administration is effective in decreasing catheter-related infections in a peritoneal dialysis population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ahrens
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leggett
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oxton
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Roecker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engeseth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D012293:Rifampin