title: Quantification of 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone released from human haemoglobin as a dosimeter for exposure to tobacco-specific nitrosamines.
abstract: A method was developed to quantify globin adducts of the tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). Globin adducts of NNK and NNN release 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB) after mild treatment with a base. HPB was analysed as its pentafluorobenzoate by capillary column gas chromatography with detection by negative-ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry and selected-ion monitoring. The detection limit for HPB-pentafluorobenzoate was approximately 1 fmol/injection. The method was applied to haemoglobin from snuff dippers, smokers and nonsmokers. Adduct levels were highest in snuff dippers (517 +/- 538 fmol HPB per gram haemoglobin), followed by smokers (79 +/- 189 fmol HPB per gram haemoglobin) and nonsmokers (29.3 +/- 25.9 fmol HPB per gram haemoglobin). The method will be useful in assessing the role of tobacco-specific nitrosamines as causes of cancer in smokers and snuff dippers.
authors.affiliation: American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kagan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kagan
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Carmella
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D009602:Nitrosamines; C016583:4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone; C008655:N'-nitrosonornicotine