title: Comparative efficacy of liposomes containing synthetic bacterial cell wall analogues for tumoricidal activation of monocytes and macrophages.
abstract: We examined the activation to the tumoricidal state of normal mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages, bone marrow macrophages, and human blood monocytes by liposomes containing either lipophilic muramyl tripeptide (CGP 19,835) or a new synthetic analogue of lipoprotein from gram-negative bacteria outer wall, CGP 31,362, or combinations of the two. The superiority of liposomes containing the synthetic lipopeptide over liposomes containing lipophilic muramyl tripeptide for in vitro activation of monocytes and macrophages was demonstrated in several experiments. First, liposome-CGP-19,835 activated monocytes only in the presence of interferon-gamma, whereas activation with liposome-CGP 31,362 was interferon-independent. Second, activation of both mouse macrophages and human blood monocytes by liposome-CGP 31,362 occurred at a lower liposomal concentration than that by liposome-CGP 19,835. Third, monocytes incubated with liposome-CGP 31,362 released both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 activities, whereas monocytes treated with liposome-CGP 19,835 (in the absence of interferon-gamma) released only TNF activity. These data suggest that liposomes containing the synthetic lipopeptide CGP 31,362 are superior to liposomes containing CGP 19,835 for systemic activation of macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Utsugi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nii
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Denkins
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Hoogevest
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Fidler
mesh_terms: D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008081:Liposomes; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C037144:mifamurtide; D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; C068423:CGP 31362