title: Endogenous nitrosation of L-proline by dietary-derived nitrate.
abstract: Two studies were conducted to assess the availability of normal dietary sources of nitrate for endogenous nitrosation of an amino acid substrate, L-proline, and to investigate the potential for dietary ascorbic acid to inhibit such nitrosation. In the first study, 16 subjects consumed a salad meal (containing about 172 mg nitrate) with and without a loading dose of proline. A significant increase (10.8 compared with 2.7 micrograms/24 hrs, p less than 0.0001) in mean urinary N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) excretion following meal plus substrate ingestion was indicative of intragastric proline nitrosation by meal-derived nitrate. In the second study (19 different subjects), the mean urinary NPRO level was significantly decreased (15.8 micrograms compared with 28.4, p = 0.022) by inclusion of ascorbic acid sources in the meal. This demonstrated inhibition of proline nitrosation by dietary sources of the vitamin. Large interindividual variation in nitrosating ability was apparent that was associated with variation in meal nitrate to salivary nitrite conversion. Although meals containing fresh vegetables, as tested here, could provide sufficient nitrate to result in endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds, there will be considerable inter- and intraindividual variation in the extent of this process.
authors.affiliation: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bartsch
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000652:urine; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009602:Nitrosamines; D011392:Proline; C010259:nitrosoproline; D009584:Nitrogen; D001205:Ascorbic Acid