title: Prolonged gestation in a Holstein cow: adenohypophyseal aplasia and skeletal pathology in the offspring.
abstract: A Holstein fetus was delivered by Caesarean section at a gestational age of 441 days. The pituitary pars distalis was aplastic and the adrenal and thyroid glands were severely hypoplastic. Arrested or retarded cartilage cell maturation resulted in absence or minimal development of epiphyseal ossification centers, delayed ossification of carpal bones, and arrest of longitudinal growth of bones. The pathophysiology of prolonged gestation and of skeletal pathology is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hansel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krook
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000002:abnormalities; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal; D011273:Pregnancy, Prolonged; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000002:abnormalities