title: Familial history of opium use and reported problems among opium addicts in Pakistan.
abstract: One-hundred and twenty-nine opiate addicts on a monthly maintenance regimen were studied. Subjects with a positive family history of opium use had an earlier age of onset than the subjects without a family history of opium use. Self-reported psychosocial problems resulting from opium use were documented in only seven subjects. Individuals who began opium use after 1979, when it became illegal to use the drug, had a significantly later age of onset than subjects who began before 1979, suggesting that negative legal sanctions can delay initiation of opium consumption.
authors.affiliation: King Edward Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arria
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tarter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D009892:Opium; D010154:Pakistan; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment
chemical_list: D009892:Opium