title: Reactions to argasid tick bites by island residents on the Great Barrier Reef.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To attribute a cause and quantify allergic-like symptoms observed among island residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skin prick tests and intradermal injections with ultraviolet-irradiated, filtered (0.22 microns) whole-body homogenates of the soft tick, Ornithodoros capensis, were used to reproduce experimentally the symptoms observed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Island residents were designated as such after having spent more than 1 month on the island during the summer seabird breeding season.
  
  
  METHODS
  Control measures were instigated using a residual insecticide, delta-methrin, sprayed inside sleeping quarters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acaricide spraying reduced (X2 = 4.42; P less than 0.05) the number of island residents complaining of having been bitten by ticks, yet was considered an inefficient control measure as 67% reported being attacked by ticks after spraying.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 97 island residents, elevated total IgE levels were associated with reaction to tick bite in 11 cases (X2 = 27.17; P less than 0.001), but were not of reliable diagnostic value. Symptoms included intense pruritus, blistering (a major feature), erythema, weeping lesions, lymphangitis, dull ache, rheumatic pain and general lassitude, and intense discomfort. Sera from two of four volunteers with known reactions to O. capensis and one of four others with reactions to the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus, cross-reacted with antigens from a total of four of six biting/stinging and non-biting arthropods (radioallergosorbent tests).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms associated with reactions to tick bite peaked in severity at 35-40 hours and thus the response was most likely delayed type IV hypersensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, University of Queensland, St Lucia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Humphery-Smith
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Thong
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moorhouse
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Creevey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gauci
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000032:analysis; D007306:Insecticides; D007428:Intradermal Tests; D011852:Radioallergosorbent Test; D012882:Skin Tests; D013983:Tick Control / Q000379:methods; D013987:Ticks / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D007073:Immunoglobulin E