title: Noradrenaline release in the rat amygdala is increased by stress: studies with intracerebral microdialysis.
abstract: The effects of immobilization and tail-pinch stress on extracellular noradrenaline (NA) release in the amygdala were studied in freely moving rats with intracerebral microdialysis techniques. After collection of basal levels of NA (2.63 +/- 0.26 pg/50 microliters/20 min), the rat was exposed to either immobilization stress or tail-pinch stress for 20 min. Immobilization and tail-pinch stress increased NA release to 250 and 243% of basal levels, respectively and the elevation of NA release was observed for 60 min and 40 min after release from stress, also respectively. These data suggest that microdialysis is a useful way to study extracellular NA release in the amygdala and that NA neurons in this region are activated by both immobilization and tail-pinch stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003956:Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009638:Norepinephrine