title: Insulin dependent diabetes in childhood and material deprivation in northern England, 1977-86.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in the Northern region of England in children less than 16 years old in the period 1977 to 1986 and to relate the incidence data to an index of deprivation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of hospital case records identified from the regional health authority's computer; validation of the primary source with hospital clinic registers and community paediatric registers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Northern region, excluding South Cumbria District Health Authority (659,300 children under 16 in 1981).
  
  
  METHODS
  All children diagnosed with insulin dependent diabetes before the age of 16 and resident in the region at time of diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence rates for the 10 year period and analysis of incidence rates within categories of deprivation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  919 incident cases were identified. The validation procedure covered 54% of all cases identified and gave 95% completeness of ascertainment. The average annual incidence over the 10 year period was 14.8/100,000 for girls and 13.4/100,000 for boys. The annual incidence for the most and least deprived areas of the region was 18.7/100,000 (95% confidence interval 16.2 to 21.5) for boys and 7/100,000 (5.6 to 8.8) for girls. There was a highly significant trend (p less than 0.001) of decreasing incidence with decreasing level of deprivation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the north of England the incidence of childhood diabetes is related to material deprivation.
authors.affiliation: Human Diabetes and Metabolism Research Centre, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Crow
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Parkin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011203:Poverty; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014478:Unemployment