title: Timing of breast cancer excision during the menstrual cycle influences duration of disease-free survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study disease-free survival at 10 years in relation to timing of breast tumor excision during the menstrual cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of consecutively treated patients with primary breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and eighty-three premenopausal patients treated by mastectomy and axillary dissection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the tumor was excised during the follicular phase, approximated by setting the putative day of ovulation on day 14 after the onset of last menses, a higher recurrence risk (43%) was observed compared with excision later in the menstrual cycle (29%, P = 0.02). The rate peaked among patients treated between days 7 and 14 and was lowest between days 20 and 30. Multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model to control for tumor size, nodal status, estrogen receptor status, adjuvant chemotherapy, and family history indicated that the hazard rate of breast cancer recurrence after excision during the follicular phase was 1.53 (95% Cl, 1.02 to 2.29). Stratification by nodal status indicated that the effect of phase was statistically significant only among patients with positive nodes (hazard ratio, 2.10; Cl, 1.19 to 3.70).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the hypothesis that the risk for recurrence may be affected by the hormonal milieu of the menstrual cycle; these findings must be confirmed, however, by a prospective study in which cycle phase at time of tumor excision is biochemically documented.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Senie
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lesser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D015411:Mastectomy, Modified Radical / Q000379:methods*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors