title: Unspecific inhibition by the calmodulin antagonist calmidazolium and the intracellular calcium antagonist TMB-8 of the actions of sympathetic hepatic nerves and noradrenaline on glucose balance and flow in perfused rat liver.
abstract: In perfused rat liver hepatic nerve stimulation (10 Hz, 2 ms) (NS) increased glucose and lactate output, decreased flow and was accompanied by an overflow of noradrenaline into the hepatic vein. These effects were dependent on extracellular and partly on intracellular calcium. Infusion of noradrenaline (1 microM) (NA) elicited similar effects. 1) Calmidazolium at 1, 2 and 5 microM caused an increase in basal glucose output and a decrease and intrahepatic redistribution of flow after a lag of 30, 20 and 5 min, respectively. 2) After 5 min of 1 microM calmidazolium, i.e. before it altered basal metabolism and flow, the actions of NS and NA remained unaltered. 3) After 40 min of 1 microM calmidazolium, i.e. after it had just begun to alter basal metabolism and flow, NS caused a decrease in glucose and lactate output rather than an increase and the metabolic effects of NA were strongly reduced whereas the hemodynamic changes of both stimuli were not altered. 4) TMB-8 at 25, 50 and 100 microM caused a transient increase in lactate output and a decrease and intrahepatic redistribution of flow after a lag of 5 min only at 100 microM concentrations. 5) The effects of NS were inhibited already by 25 microM TMB-8 which reduced NA release whereas the effects of NA were not influenced. Thus, calmidazolium and TMB-8 did not act as a calmodulin and intracellular calcium antagonist, respectively, but had unspecific "side effects" in the complex system of the perfused liver. The antagonists cannot be used to study the role of intracellular calcium in intact organs.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biochemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Athari
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jungermann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006503:Hepatic Veins; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D007093:Imidazoles; D007773:Lactates; C031938:calmidazolium; C006014:8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate; D005707:Gallic Acid; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium; D009638:Norepinephrine