title: A rationale for predicting anterior cruciate graft impingement by the intercondylar roof. A magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: This study was designed to analyze how anterior tibial tunnel placement can result in graft impingement by the intercondylar roof. The relationship of the ACL to the intercondylar roof was studied using magnetic resonance scans. An attempt was made to predict the amount of bone that may need to be removed from the intercondylar roof to prevent impingement on a 10 mm thick ACL graft. Magnetic resonance scans of 19 normal ACLs were analyzed. The amount of bone removal required to correct roof impingement was determined for a graft placed either eccentrically or centrally within the ACL insertion, and within the bulk of the normal ACL fibers. An eccentric tibial tunnel placement required approximately 5 to 6 mm and a central placement required 2 to 3 mm of bone removal from the intercondylar roof to prevent impingement. Placing the graft within the bulk of the ACL fibers, just 3 mm posterior to the center of the ACL insertion, required little bone resection to prevent impingement. To prevent ACL graft impingement, roofplasties need to be performed in both acute and chronic ACL reconstructions if the presently accepted locations for positioning the tibial tunnel are used. A more anteriorly placed tibial tunnel requires more bone removal to prevent roof impingement than a more posteriorly positioned tibial tunnel.
authors.affiliation: David Grant Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, California.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Farley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D016378:Tissue Transplantation