title: Biological monitoring of the occupational exposure to halothane (fluothane) in operating room personnel.
abstract: The concentration of halothane (fluothane) in the ambient atmosphere was determined in five operating theaters of two hospitals in Italy. The concentrations of halothane in the ambient air exceeded the NIOSH recommended time-weighted average exposure levels (median value: 10.38 mg/m3). Halothane was detected in the urine of 58 exposed subjects (anesthetists, surgeons, and nurses). A significant correlation was found between the halothane concentration in urine produced during the shift (Cu, micrograms/L) and halothane environmental concentration (CI, mg/m3) (Cu = 0.242 x CI + 3.51) (N = 58; r = 0.92; p less than 0.0001). The results show that the urinary halothane concentration can be used as an appropriate biological exposure index. The biological values proposed are: 92 micrograms/L, corresponding to a 50 ppm of environmental exposure; 6.5 micrograms/L, corresponding to 2 ppm of environmental exposure and 3.9 micrograms/L, corresponding to a 0.5 ppm of environmental exposure.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Preventia, Occupazionale e di Comunità dell'Università di Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imbriani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghittori
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zadra
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Imberti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009873:Operating Rooms; D000078329:Workforce
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D006221:Halothane