title: The liver in typhoid fever: always affected, not just a complication.
abstract: The course of liver involvement during the first three weeks of typhoid fever was studied in 20 patients. Previous studies of liver involvement in typhoid fever have not considered the time course of changes. In this study, hepatomegaly was found during the 2nd or 3rd wk more often than in the 1st wk (36% vs. 11%), whereas jaundice was detectable in 9% of patients after the 1st wk, but never before. Alkaline phosphatase, AST, and ALT were raised in 100%, 100%, and 91% of cases, respectively, during the 2nd and 3rd wk but during the 1st wk, only 11%, 89%, and 56% had mild increases. This study shows that, although the clinical picture of hepatitis is unusual, liver involvement is invariably present after the 1st wk, and should not be considered as a complication, but as a feature of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Centro Gastroenterologico Boliviano Japones, Facultad de Medicina, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hayes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase