title: Urethral morphology and bladder instability.
abstract: In order to calculate the relationship between Spinning top urethra (STU) and bladder instability 160 voiding cystourethrogramms (VCU), performed in 102 girls, have been analysed retrospectively. 28 girls had STU, 16 of those had bladder instability as well (57%). We could not find the highly positive correlation between unstable bladder and STU as reported by other authors, although there was a statistically positive correlation between STU and bladder instability. However the confidence interval was very broad (38%-75%). We conclude that bladder instability may contribute to STU but cannot render the etiological explanation for all cases. STU seems to be a polyetiological sign. In our opinion only the combination of STU and bladder instability has a diagnostic impact, since several therapeutical concepts are available in cases of bladder instability. The finding of STU in the VCU should alert the examiner's attention to functional disorders of the lower urinary tract. If no instability can be found, STU should be considered to be a normal variant.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Radiologie, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hausegger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fotter
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sorantin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology; D014563:Urodynamics; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging