title: U-78517F: a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation with activity in experimental brain injury and ischemia.
abstract: U-78517F (2-[4-[2,6-di-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-4-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl] methyl]-3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol, dihydrochloride), which combines the antioxidant ring portion of alpha-tocopherol together with the amine of the previously described 21-aminosteroids (e.g., U-74006F), is a novel inhibitor of iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation. U-78517F was found to have a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.6 microM against 200 microM ferrous chloride-initiated lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates, compared to 8 microM for U-74006F, 28 microM for alpha-tocopherol and 43 microM for the ring portion of alpha-tocopherol (i.e., trolox). Both stereoisomers of the racemic U-78517F proved to be equally active antioxidants. Against lipid peroxidation initiated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase, U-78517F was even more potent, with an IC50 of 0.01 microM. U-78517F was also observed to protect cultured mouse spinal neurons against iron-induced damage, with an IC50 of approximately 0.5 microM. When administered to male CF-1 mice i.v. at 5 min after a severe concussive head injury. U-78517F produced a dose-related improvement in the 1-hr neurological recovery. The minimum effective i.v. dose was 1.0 micrograms/kg. Measurement of U-78517 concentrations in the brains of mice after administration of a 10-mg/kg i.v. dose revealed effective antioxidant levels for as long as 2 hr. Evidence of an in vivo antioxidant action was provided by the attenuation of iron-induced blood-brain barrier disruption (i.e., Evans' blue extravasation) in rats pretreated with U-78517F.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Central Nervous System Diseases Research, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Braughler
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Yonkers
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Linseman
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Means
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Scherch
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Von Voigtlander
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lahti
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005849:Gerbillinae; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007501:Iron / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002839:Chromans; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010879:Piperazines; C066382:U 78517F; D014810:Vitamin E; D007501:Iron