title: [Chlorine coatings on skin surfaces. II. Parameters influencing the coating strength].
abstract: Although active chlorine compounds have been used for more than 140 years (Semmelweis, 1848) as a skin disinfectant the phenomenon of the "chlorine covers" not earlier than 1988 has been described for the first time (Hyg. + Med. 13 (1988) 157). It deals with a chemical alteration of the uppermost skin layer which comes apparent in an oxydizing action against aqueous iodide. Its origin is chlorine covalently bound in the form of N-Cl functions to the protein matrix of the horny skin. Since the chlorine covers exhibit a persistant disinfecting activity which might be important for practice, the factors influencing their strength have been established. The most important are: the kind of the chlorine system, the concentration (oxydation capacity), pH, temperature and the volume of the used solution, the time of action, the application technique and the state of the skin. Variations of the latter can be observed at different skin areas of one and the same person as well as at the same areas of different persons, and result in differences of the cover strength up to 100%. The stability on dry skin is very good, showing a decomposition rate of approximately 1.2% per hour. However on skin surfaces moistened by sweat (e.g. hands covered by surgeons gloves) the chlorine cover is disingrated much more faster (decomposition rate: 40-50% per hour). Washing with soap as well as the action of alcohols cause virtually no decrease in the cover strength, while wetting by solutions of reducing agents (e.g. thiosulfate, cysteine, iodide) provokes a fast decomposition suitable for removing the chlorine covers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Institut für Hygiene der Universität Innsbruck.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gottardi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karl
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology; D002713:Chlorine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003545:Cysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D006235:Hand Disinfection; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007454:Iodides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011485:Protein Binding; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012915:Soaps / Q000494:pharmacology; D013542:Sweat; D013696:Temperature; D013885:Thiosulfates / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D007454:Iodides; D012915:Soaps; D013885:Thiosulfates; D002713:Chlorine; D003545:Cysteine
vernacular_title: Chlorüberzüge auf Hautoberflächen. II. Einflussparameter auf die Belagsstärke.