title: Smokeless tobacco: current status and future directions.
abstract: Smokeless tobacco is addicting, can cause physical dependence, and is associated with many health risks. In spite of these concerns over its use, minimal research has been conducted to understand the effects from and factors associated with smokeless tobacco use. Additionally, relatively few studies have examined potentially effective treatments for the smokeless tobacco user. This paper reviews the existing literature in this area and considers future directions for research.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis 55422.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology