title: Isospora belli infection. A report of two cases in patients with AIDS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the findings of Isospora belli infection in two patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  One patient was part Aboriginal, the other an immigrant recently arrived from Peru. Both men were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). They presented with watery diarrhoea, one with severe weight loss. Isospora belli oocysts were detected in multiple faecal specimens from both patients. One patient had a concomitant infection with Cryptosporidium sp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a rapid response to treatment with cotrimoxazole (960 mg, four times a day for 10 days). A complete response was obtained in the patient with concurrent cryptosporidiosis. The diarrhoea recurred after cessation of treatment, necessitating maintenance therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although Isospora belli is an uncommon cause of gastroenteritis in Australia, it is increasingly recognised as a cause of diarrhoea in travellers, immigrants from endemic areas and immunocompromised people. It has also been reported in the Aboriginal community; this article reports the first case of AIDS-related isosporiasis in an Aborigine. It is likely that both patients acquired Isospora belli before they become HIV seropositive.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, SA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lumb
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hardiman
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination