title: Dual modulation of 5-fluorouracil using leucovorin and hydroxyurea. A phase I trial.
abstract: Oral hydroxyurea (HU) was added to a regimen of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus leucovorin (LCV) administered as a continuous 24-hour infusion for 14 days. A previous report of the 5-FU plus LCV infusion established optimal dosages of 200 mg/m2/d and 5 mg/m2/d, respectively, for each agent. Oral HU was added to the regimen in total dosages of 0.5 g/d, 1.0 g/d, 1.5 g/d, or 2.0 g/d. Twenty-two patients received a total of 45 courses of treatment. Stomatitis was the dose-limiting side effect; it occurred in 3 of 14 courses with HU at 0.5 g/d (21%) and 9 of 17 courses with HU at 1.0 g/d (53%). Dosage escalation to 1.5 g/d or 2.0 g/d was possible in only 3 of 22 patients (17%). The median time to stomatitis was 10 days (range, 7 to 12 days). One response was observed in this heavily pretreated population. Phase II trials of HU plus LCV dual modulation of infusional 5-FU should use initial HU dosages of 0.5 g/d for the 14-day regimen described, with dose escalation as tolerated. Variable oral absorption presumably accounts for the small group of patients who can tolerate the higher doses of HU.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center of Boston, MA 02120.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lokich
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bern
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coco
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zipoli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gonsalves
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006918:Hydroxyurea / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D006918:Hydroxyurea