title: [Treatment of primary and secondary therapy failure in patients with sleep apnea treated with nasal CPAP].
abstract: Two forms of treatment failure of nCPAP therapy should be distinguished: 1. Primary treatment failure: the reversal of apnoeas and hypopnoeas cannot be achieved due to central SA or a combination of MSA and central hypoventilation. In 10 patients who did not respond to nCPAP (7 patients with purely central SA and 3 patients with MSA who still demonstrated long phases of central hypoventilation during nCPAP) we performed a nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nIPPV) during at least 3 treatment nights. In all patients a reversal of apnoeas and hypopnoeas could be achieved, despite a few phases of mask leakage. Due to possibly life threatening side effects continuous monitoring is required during the initial treatment phase. 8 patients who reported a reduction of symptoms have been successfully using the treatment at home for up to 22 months. 2. Secondary treatment failure: nCPAP leads to a normalisation of breathing pattern but patients refuse nCPAP or discontinue treatment. Besides patients who are poorly motivated there are four major side effects of nCPAP as a reason for non-compliance: a) drying out of the nasopharyngeal mucosa or rhinitis; b) pressure marks caused by the nose mask; c) intolerance to the high expiratory pressure; d) noise. Drying out of the mucosa and rhinitis are the most important side effects. If an increase of room temperature and humidity, nasal cream and small amounts of mint-oil as well as a heat-moisture exchanger (HME) prove inadequate, we use a heated humidifier (Dräger, Aquapor).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Poliklinik, Philipps-Universität Marburg.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fett
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nees
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: von Wichert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
vernacular_title: Behandlung primärer und sekundärer Therapieversager der nCPAP-Behandlung bei Patienten mit Schlafapnoe.