title: The use of an oxidising mouthwash to reduce staining associated with chlorhexidine. Studies in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Discolouration of the teeth, tongue and dental restorative materials associated with the use of cationic antiseptics is still the limiting factor in long-term usage of antiplaque agents such as chlorhexidine. Oxidising agents have been used successfully to remove dental stain in animals, but products and regimens have not been evaluated in humans. These pilot studies in vitro and in vivo assessed a long-established oxidising mouthwash, based on peroxyborate, for stain removal from teeth and acrylic. The laboratory studies measured chlorhexidine tea stain removal from tooth and acrylic specimens. The oxidising agent markedly reduced staining on specimens. In a short-term clinical experiment, dental staining was forced over a 2 1/2-day period by reciprocal chlorhexidine and tea rinsing. 5 rinses with the oxidising mouthwash during the next 1 1/2 days dramatically reduced staining compared with water after rinses. Additionally, a single rinse with peroxyborate following the 5 water after rinses, again considerably reduced the residual staining. Effects on tongue staining were less impressive. Both experimental models produced findings consistent with those from the animal model. The results suggest proprietary oxidising mouthwashes could have a place in the control of dental stain associated with the use of chlorhexidine. Further studies to evaluate such products in a more conventional chlorhexidine regimen are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Addy
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: al-Arrayed
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D001881:Borates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects; D014060:Tongue Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D001881:Borates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D009067:Mouthwashes; D013662:Tea; C014189:sodium peroxyborate; D002710:Chlorhexidine