title: Mutagenicity of urine from rats after 1-nitropyrene and 2-nitrofluorene administration using new sensitive Salmonella typhimurium strains YG1012 and YG1024.
abstract: 1-Nitropyrene (1-NP) and 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF), two of the most abundant nitro-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) present in combustion products such as diesel engine exhaust, were administered intraperitoneally to rats at a dose of 5 mg per animal. Urine samples, 1-NP and 2-NF were tested in the Ames assay using the newly developed Salmonella typhimurium strains YG1012 and YG1024 (overproducing O-acetyltransferase) and their parent strains TA1538 and TA98. In urine, collected over 3 periods of 24 h after administration, most of the mutagens appeared during the first 24 h. The mutagenicity was found to be a factor 2-30 higher in the YG strains when compared to the TA strains. Addition of S9 mix and rat liver cytosol both with and without beta-glucuronidase increased the mutagenicity of urine samples from 1-NP-treated rats. Addition of beta-glucuronidase revealed that a considerable part of the mutagenic metabolites of 1-NP and 2-NF were excreted as glucuronide conjugates. The increase in mutagenicity of urine samples from 2-NF-treated rats after the addition of rat liver cytosol referred to N,O-acyl transfer as a step in activating 2-NF to strong mutagens. The high sensitivity of the YG tester strains indicated that these strains might be used to explore environments where people are exposed to nitro-PAH, such as work places with diesel emission sources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Scheepers
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Theuws
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009153:Mutagens; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects*; D014556:Urine
chemical_list: D005449:Fluorenes; D009153:Mutagens; D011721:Pyrenes; C019499:2-nitrofluorene; D005966:Glucuronidase; C032668:1-nitropyrene