title: Blunt traumatic bladder rupture: the role of retrograde cystogram.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the importance of microscopic and gross hematuria and the role of retrograde cystography and computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of blunt traumatic bladder rupture.
  
  
  METHODS
  All cases at a Level I trauma center between January 1, 1986, and March 31, 1989, were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level I trauma center, university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with acute blunt abdominal trauma admitted to this Level I trauma center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients' charts were reviewed with emphasis on mode of diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one patients had bladder rupture. All 21 had hematuria with more than 50 RBCs/high-power field, 17 gross and four microscopic. Twenty patients underwent retrograde cystography, which accurately identified bladder rupture, and one was found at laparotomy for other injuries. Seven patients had CT of the abdomen and pelvis, which failed to demonstrate bladder rupture. There were no associated urethral injuries in any of the patients with bladder rupture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant (more than 50 RBCs/high-power field) hematuria is the principal indication for evaluation for blunt bladder injury, and retrograde cystography is the diagnostic procedure of choice. CT is neither sensitive nor specific enough as primary diagnostic modality.
authors.affiliation: UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Camden.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Rehm
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mure
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006417:Hematuria / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007482:Iothalamate Meglumine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000293:injuries; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012421:Rupture / Q000175:diagnosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D007482:Iothalamate Meglumine