Daily moods and symptoms: effects of awareness of study focus, gender, menstrual-cycle phase, and day of the week.
Evaluated changes in daily ratings of moods and symptoms in 30 normally cycling women and 23 men. Women were randomly assigned to two groups for manipulating awareness of the study focus (aware vs. unaware). Principal-components analysis revealed six factors (Dysphoric Moods, Well-being, Physical Symptoms, Personal Space, Food Cravings, Depression) that accounted for 70% of the variance in daily ratings. Repeated-measures analyses revealed cyclic variation on each factor and no significant differences between aware and unaware women during premenstrual or menstrual phases on any measure. Unaware women reported less well-being than men during the premenstrual phase but did not differ on any other measure. Aware women did not differ from men in premenstrual or menstrual ratings on any measure. The way these findings relate to retrospective symptom reports, menstrual attitudes, and changes in moods and symptoms across the week was examined.
Gallant
S J
SJ
Department of Medical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799.
Hamilton
J A
JA
Popiel
D A
DA
Morokoff
P J
PJ
Chakraborty
P K
PK
D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001364:Awareness; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007721:Knowledge of Results, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010556:Personality Tests; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*