title: Clinical approach to infertile male dogs with sperm in the ejaculate.
abstract: Categories of infertility are defined according to semen characteristics. Assessment of daily sperm output and carefully planned matings to determine the extent of infertility and to manage insemination to maximize fertility are described. The contributions of baseline laboratory data, evaluation of reproductive hormones, and testicular biopsy in determining the causes of infertility are discussed. Treatments of infertility secondary to systemic disease, infertility caused by accessory gland infections, and infertility associated with abnormal gonadotropin concentrations are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca.
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Meyers-Wallen
mesh_terms: D000307:Adrenal Gland Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D004285:Dogs; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D011379:Prognosis; D013076:Sperm Count / Q000662:veterinary; D013081:Sperm Motility
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones