title: Single-photon emission computed tomography in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: a preliminary report.
abstract: Depression or psychosis in a previously asymptomatic individual infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be psychogenic, related to brain involvement by the HIV or both. Although prognosis and treatment differ depending on etiology, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are usually unrevealing in early HIV encephalopathy and therefore cannot differentiate it from psychogenic conditions. Thirty of 32 patients (94%) with HIV encephalopathy had single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) findings that differed from the findings in 15 patients with non-HIV psychoses and 6 controls. SPECT showed multifocal cortical and subcortical areas of hypoperfusion. In 4 cases, cognitive improvement after 6-8 weeks of zidovudine (AZT) therapy was reflected in amelioration of SPECT findings. CT remained unchanged. SPECT may be a useful technique for the evaluation of HIV encephalopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's Medical Center, New York, NY 10011.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Masdeu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yudd
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Van Heertum
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grundman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hriso
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luck
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Camli
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000662:Amphetamines; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003863:Depression / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D020367:Iofetamine; D008297:Male; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D015215:Zidovudine; D020367:Iofetamine