title: Noradrenergic function in obsessive-compulsive disorder: behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to clonidine and comparison to healthy controls.
abstract: To evaluate noradrenergic (NE) function in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), behavioral, physiological, and neuroendocrine responses to the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine were examined in 18 patients with OCD and 10 healthy subjects. Subjects received single i.v. doses of 2 micrograms/kg of clonidine administered under double-blind, placebo-controlled, random-assignment conditions. Following clonidine, but not following placebo, patients transiently experienced a significant reduction of obsessions and compulsions. Significant drowsiness and a reduction in anxiety were also noted, but the antiobsessional effect appeared independent of the soporific and antianxiety effects. Growth hormone (GH), cortisol, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol responses to clonidine did not differentiate patients from healthy controls. Blood pressure and pulse in response to clonidine did not differ between groups. Improvement in OCD symptoms after clonidine significantly correlated with GH response to clonidine, suggesting specific noradrenergic mediation. This finding lends only partial support for a primary defect of noradrenergic function in OCD.
authors.affiliation: College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hollander
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DeCaria
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nitescu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stover
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gully
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Liebowitz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000187:drug effects*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology*; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012016:Reference Values; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; D013006:Growth Hormone; D003000:Clonidine; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine