title: Enkephalin immunoreactivity and messenger RNA in a discrete projection from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the nucleus ambiguous in the rat.
abstract: Previous work described in the rat a circumscribed, partly somatostatinergic, interneuronal projection from the esophageal afferent part of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTSc) to esophageal motor neurons in the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguous (NAcf: Cunningham and Sawchenko, J Neurosci 9:1668, 1989). In the present study, axonal transport, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization histochemical techniques were used to determine whether enkephalin (ENK), a peptide known to be expressed in a number of somatostatin-containing medullary cell groups, is also expressed in the projection from the NTSc to the NAcf. The results may be summarized as follows: 1) cells immunoreactive (IR) for prepro-enkephalin (ppENK)-derived peptides were found in the NTSc in colchicine-pretreated animals; in untreated animals, a dense ENK-IR terminal field was observed in the NAcf: sections stained with antisera against dynorphin-related peptides showed sparse staining in both regions; 2) signal indicating the presence of ppENK messenger RNA (mRNA) was found over the NTSc, including over a majority of cells identified using a retrograde tracing technique as projecting to the region of the NAcf; the signal for ppENK mRNA signal was greater than that for prepro-somatostatin (ppSS) in the NTSc; 3) a combined anterograde tracing-immunohistochemical technique demonstrated a strong correspondence between the distribution of inputs from the NTS to the NAcf, and the distribution of endogenous ENK-IR varicosities; in addition, leucine (L)-ENK-IR was found in an appreciable number of varicosities in the NAcf that had been anterogradely labeled from the NTSc; 4) unilateral electrolytic lesions of the rostromedial NTS, which included the central subnucleus, virtually eliminated ENK-IR in the ipsilateral NAcf, while staining on the contralateral side was unaffected. Taken together, these studies provide evidence that ppENK- and ppSS-derived peptides are expressed in the pathway from the NTSc to the NAcf, a pathway thought to play a role in the reflex control of esophageal peristalsis.
authors.affiliation: Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California 92186.
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Sawchenko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003078:Colchicine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007478:Iontophoresis; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D004745:Enkephalins; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003078:Colchicine