title: Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide.
abstract: Although the CD4 molecule is the principal cellular receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), several CD4-negative cell lines are susceptible to infection with one or more HIV strains. These findings indicate that there are alternate modes of viral entry, perhaps involving one or more receptor molecules. Antibodies against galactosyl ceramide (galactocerebroside, or GalC) inhibited viral internalization and infection in two CD4-negative cell lines derived from the nervous system: U373-MG and SK-N-MC. Furthermore, recombinant HIV surface glycoprotein gp120 bound to GalC but not to other glycolipids. These results suggest a role for GalC or a highly related molecule in HIV entry into neural cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harouse
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Spitalnik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laughlin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stefano
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Silberberg
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Scarano
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies; D001483:Base Sequence; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000276:immunology*; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics; D005910:Glioma; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011485:Protein Binding; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D005699:Galactosylceramides; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D011994:Recombinant Proteins