title: The serum response factor is extensively modified by phosphorylation following its synthesis in serum-stimulated fibroblasts.
abstract: Growth factor regulation of c-fos proto-oncogene transcription is mediated by a 20-bp region of dyad symmetry, termed the serum response element. The inner core of this element binds a 67-kDa phosphoprotein, the serum response factor (SRF), that is thought to play a pivotal role in the c-fos transcriptional response. To investigate the mechanism by which SRF regulates c-fos expression, we generated polyclonal anti-SRF antibodies and used these antibodies to analyze the biochemical properties of SRF. These studies indicate that the synthesis of SRF is transient, occurring within 30 min to 4 h after serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts. Newly synthesized SRF is transported to the nucleus, where it is increasingly modified by phosphorylation during progression through the cell cycle. Within 2 h of serum stimulation, differentially modified forms of SRF can be distinguished on the basis of the ability to bind a synthetic serum response element. SRF protein exhibits a half-life of greater than 12 h and is predominantly nuclear, with no change occurring in its localization upon serum stimulation. We find that the induction of SRF synthesis is regulated at the transcriptional level and that cytoplasmic SRF mRNA is transiently expressed with somewhat delayed kinetics compared with c-fos mRNA expression. These features of SRF expression suggest a model whereby newly synthesized SRF functions in the shutoff of c-fos transcription.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D026362:Serum Response Factor
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D026362:Serum Response Factor