title: Side effects and complications after hepatic artery embolization in the carcinoid syndrome.
abstract: Twenty patients with histologically verified carcinoid liver metastases underwent a total of 24 liver artery embolizations by means of interventional radiologic techniques. There were no deaths. The postembolization syndrome, consisting of fever, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, occurred in all the patients. Severe complications were rare, the most serious being multiple hepatic abscesses with septicemia in one patient, septicemia in another, and mild acute pancreatitis in a third. All these three patients recovered without any sequels from the embolization, and none required surgical intervention. The hepatic abscesses were drained percutaneously, guided by ultrasound. Hepatic artery embolization seems justified in patients with disabling symptoms from the carcinoid syndrome, as long as alternative therapy with the same benefit but fewer complications is not available.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Radiology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kolmannskog
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kolbenstvedt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schrumpf
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Hanssen
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D008100:Liver Abscess / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008303:Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000209:etiology