title: Fluid replacement during sustained activity in the heat: nutrient solution vs. water.
abstract: This study examined the thermoregulatory and hydrational status of men during sustained activity in a hot-dry (37 degrees C, 20% rh) environment while they consumed only a nutrient solution (nutrient), or consumed only colored, flavored water (control). Eleven heat acclimated young men attempted 24-h sustained activity experiments. These experiments consisted of alternating 45-min bouts of treadmill walking (410 W, approximately 30% VO2max) and rest (including sedentary activity). Data were analyzed through 13 h (after 13 h subjects began to discontinue testing). No significant differences between trials were observed for metabolic rate, fluid intake, skin or rectal temperature, sweating rate, plasma volume (as indicated by hemoglobin concentration) or plasma glucose concentrations. By the 8th h plasma osmolality was higher and by the 11th h plasma free fatty acids were lower during the nutrient trial compared to the control. In separate experiments with nine different men, the gastric emptying rates of the nutrient solution and water were compared during exercise (55% VO2max) in the heat (35 degrees C, 20% rh). The gastric emptying rates of the nutrient solution and water were similar (approximately 20 ml.min-1). These data indicate that during 13 h of sustained activity in a hot environment, the nutrient solution and water provided similar thermoregulatory and hydrational benefits.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760-5007.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Francesconi
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Neufer
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sawka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D013546:Sweating / Q000502:physiology; D014867:Water; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D014867:Water