On the divergence of species.
Speciation may be considered as a kind of non-equilibrium phase transition which is caused by bifurcation at a critical point of instability. It can be shown that multiple branching of an evolutionary tree is highly improbable, since non-degenerate mathematical models describe only binary branchings.
Livshits
M A
MA
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow.
Volkenstein
M V
MV
D005075:Biological Evolution; D008957:Models, Genetic; D013045:Species Specificity