title: Antagonism of the morphine-induced locomotor activation of mice by fructose: comparison with other opiates and sugars, and sugar effects on brain morphine.
abstract: The mouse locomotor activation test of opiate action in a 2+2 dose parallel line assay was used in a repeated testing paradigm to determine the test, opiate and hexose specificities of a previously reported antagonism of morphine-induced antinocociception by hyperglycemia. In opiate specificity studies, fructose (5 g/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the potency ratio for morphine and methadone, but not for levorphanol, meperidine or phenazocine when intragroup comparisons were made. In intergroup comparisons, fructose significantly reduced the potencies of levorphanol and phenazocine, but not methadone or meperidine. In hexose/polyol specificity studies, tagatose and fructose significantly reduced the potency ratio for morphine, whereas glucose, galactose, mannose and the polyols, sorbitol and xylitol, caused no significant decrease in potency. Fructose, tagatose, glucose and mannose (5 g/kg, i.p.) were tested for effects on brain morphine levels 30 min after morphine (60 min after sugar), and all four sugars significantly increased brain morphine relative to saline-pretreated controls. It is concluded that the antagonism of morphine by acute sugar administration shows specificity for certain sugars and occurs despite sugar-induced increases in the distribution of morphine to the brain. Furthermore, the effects of fructose show an opiate specificity similar to that of glucose on antinociception observed previously in our laboratory, except that methadone was also significantly inhibited in the present study, when a repeated-testing experimental design was used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0613.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Brase
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bey
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Dewey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009020:Morphine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D005632:Fructose; D009020:Morphine