title: Angiographic management of massive hemobilia due to iatrogenic trauma.
abstract: Ten patients with massive hemobilia in shock or preshock status were treated with angiography. The hemobilia had been induced by iatrogenic trauma: biliary drainage in seven patients, and surgery, liver biopsy, and angiography in one patient each. Angiography was performed on all patients. Embolization was performed in nine, and in the one remaining patient, spasm of the right anterior hepatic artery and catheter manipulation injured the intima and obliterated the artery. In seven patients with hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, gelfoam particles were injected in five, however, extravasation could not be prevented in four of these patients. Permanent embolic materials were added and complete hemostatis was obtained. Hemobilia never recurred in any patient. Emergency embolization should be considered as the initial treatment of choice for hemobilia and when pseudoaneurysms are discovered, they should be obliterated by permanent embolic materials. Moreover, tumor thrombus in the portal vein is not a contraindication for this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Fukuoka University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higashihara
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koganemaru
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makuuchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000293:injuries; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006431:Hemobilia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged