title: Guanine-nucleotide- and adenine-nucleotide-dependent regulation of phospholipase D in electropermeabilized HL-60 granulocytes.
abstract: We have characterized the regulation of phospholipase D (PLD) in electropermeabilized HL-60 granulocytes in which endogenous phospholipids were pre-labelled with [3H]oleic acid. Treatment of these permeabilized cells with the non-hydrolysable GTP analogues guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) and guanosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate induced a sustained (near-linear for up to 60 min) accumulation of phosphatidic acid (PA). In the presence of ethanol a sustained production of phosphatidylethanol (PEt) was also observed. With increasing concentrations of ethanol, PEt formation increased, whereas PA formation declined; this indicated involvement of a PLD-type effector enzyme. The ability of GTP[S] to stimulate this PLD activity was Mg(2+)-dependent and was inhibited by GDP and its non-hydrolysable beta-thio analogue. Ca2+, at concentrations less than or equal to nM, had no effect on the GTP[S]-dependent PLD activity. However, higher concentrations of Ca2+ produced a significant potentiation of this activity. Inclusion of MgATP (greater than or equal to 0.1 mM), but not other nucleoside triphosphates, also induced a large potentiation of GTP[S]-dependent PLD activation. In the absence of guanine nucleotides, MgATP elicited no significant activation of PLD. Significantly, this effect of ATP was not mimicked by adenosine 5'-[beta gamma-methylene]triphosphate, a non-hydrolysable ATP analogue. Rather, this analogue inhibited both basal and ATP-potentiated GTP[S]-dependent PLD activity. This suggests that the ability of ATP to potentiate GTP[S]-dependent PLD activity involves phosphotransferase action rather than simple allosteric effects induced by adenine nucleotide binding. The absolute magnitude of the GTP[S]-dependent PLD activity which could be potentiated by MgATP was decreased by 90% when the permeabilized cells were preincubated for various times before addition of these stimulatory agents. This time-dependent loss of MgATP-induced potentiation was prevented when the permeabilized cells were preincubated in the presence of GTP[S]. These results demonstrate that electropermeabilized HL-60 granulocytes can be used to discriminate synergistic roles for a GTP-binding protein(s) and an ATP-dependent process (kinase?) in the regulation of phospholipase D activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Dubyak
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D004560:Electricity; D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D006150:Guanine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000494:pharmacology; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D019301:Oleic Acid; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D006150:Guanine Nucleotides; D009829:Oleic Acids; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; C051521:phosphatidylethanol; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate; D019301:Oleic Acid; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D010739:Phospholipase D; D008274:Magnesium