title: Anoxia induces human immunodeficiency virus expression in infected T cell lines.
abstract: The effects of oxygen deprivation, or anoxia, on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) expression in chronically (ACH.2) and acutely (H9/HIV-1-IIIB) infected cell lines was investigated. Temporary cellular anoxia has previously been shown to activate transcription of endogenous type C leukemia virus sequences, resulting in a significant increase in retroviral RNA within the cell (1). Here we report a 15-fold increase in HIV-1-specific RNA in unstimulated ACH.2 T cells within 24 h of anoxia. This induction of RNA is accompanied by an accumulation of intracellular p24 gag protein as well as an increase in envelope protein. Anoxia induces a further increase in total HIV-1 RNA in ACH.2 cells prestimulated to produce virus by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and in H9 T cells acutely infected with HIV-1-IIIB. The induction of RNA in ACH.2 cells appears to be reversible. Anoxic culture for 24 h followed by a 24-h re-oxygenation period results in a return to "resting state" levels of HIV-1 RNA. These data indicate that oxygen tension within the cellular environment modulates HIV-1 expression, providing a model system in which to study the reversible regulation of HIV-1 RNA and viral gene products within the cell.
authors.affiliation: Department of Retroviral Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850.
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Polonis
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Vahey
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stoler
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Redfield
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002460:Cell Line; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000378:metabolism; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000382:microbiology*; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015488:HIV Antigens; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; D010100:Oxygen