title: Protein kinase C mediates x-ray inducibility of nuclear signal transducers EGR1 and JUN.
abstract: The cellular response to ionizing radiation includes growth arrest and DNA repair followed by proliferation. Induction of immediate early response genes may participate in signal transduction preceding these phenotypic responses. We analyzed mRNA expression for different classes of immediate early genes (JUN, EGR1, and FOS) after cellular x-irradiation. Increased expression of the EGR1 and JUN genes was observed within 0.5-3 hr following x-ray exposure. Preincubation with cycloheximide was associated with superinduction of JUN and EGR1 in x-irradiated cells. Inhibition of protein kinase C activity by prolonged stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or the protein kinase inhibitor H7 prior to irradiation attenuated the increase in EGR1 and JUN transcripts. FOS expression was not coregulated with that of EGR1 following x-irradiation, suggesting a distinct regulatory pathway of this gene as compared with its regulation following serum and phorbol ester. These data implicate the EGR1 and JUN proteins as signal transducers during the cellular response to radiation injury and suggest that this effect is mediated in part by a protein kinase C-dependent pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, IL 60637.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hallahan
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Sukhatme
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Virudachalam
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kufe
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Weichselbaum
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007700:Kinetics; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014965:X-Rays; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497325:EGR1 protein, human; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D014157:Transcription Factors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate