title: Social and clinical features as predictors of outcome in outpatient alcohol withdrawal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify patient features--both social and clinical--that may be associated with treatment failure in outpatient alcohol withdrawal.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational cohort study of patients who underwent outpatient management of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community hospital-based outpatient alcohol treatment program.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 179 patients who were eligible for and participated in a clinical trial of drug therapy for outpatient management of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment failure occurred for 45% (80/179) of the patients. Failure rating did not vary according to diverse sociodemographic features such as age, level of education, income, medical insurance status, and marital status. Persons who were homeless did as well as those who were not. In contrast, two clinical features of withdrawal were associated with significantly higher rates of treatment failure: craving and withdrawal symptom severity. High cravers had a treatment failure rate of 56% (22/39), compared with 36% (41/115) for those with lower scores (p less than 0.03). Among those with moderate-to-high withdrawal symptom severity, 49% (74/151) represented treatment failures, compared with 22% (6/27) of those in the low-symptom group (p less than 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While these data do not confirm that socially disadvantaged persons are at increased risk for withdrawal treatment failure, two clinical features--craving and withdrawal symptom severity--may help identify high-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Horwitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003625:Data Collection; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol