title: Reduced glycogen synthase activity in skeletal muscle from obese patients with and without type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
abstract: In order to evaluate the importance of a defect in insulin mediated non-oxidative glucose metabolism and glycogen synthase activity in skeletal muscles in obese subjects with and without Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus we studied: 10 lean and 10 obese control subjects and 12 obese diabetic patients using the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique (basal, 20 mU.(m2)-1.min-1, 80 mU.(m2)-1.min-1) in combination with indirect calorimetry. Muscle biopsies were taken from m. vastus lateralis at each insulin level. We found that non-oxidative glucose metabolism could be stimulated by insulin in all three groups (p less than 0.01). The values obtained at the highest insulin levels (around 140 microU/ml) were lower in both obese groups compared to the lean control subjects (118 +/- 21, 185 +/- 31, 249 +/- 14 mg.(m2)-1.min-1 (p less than 0.01]. Insulin stimulation of the glycogen synthase activity at a glucose-6-phosphate concentration of 0.1 mmol/l was absent in both obese groups, while activities increased significantly in the lean control subjects (19.6 +/- 4.2% to 45.6 +/- 6.8%, p less than 0.01). Glycogen synthase activities at the highest insulin concentrations only differed significantly between lean control subjects and obese diabetic patients (45 +/- 7% and 31 +/- 5%, p less than 0.05). We conclude that insulin resistance in peripheral tissues in obese subjects with and without Type 2 diabetes may be partly explained by a reduced insulin mediated non-oxidative glucose metabolism and that this abnormality might be due to an absent insulin stimulation of glycogen synthase in skeletal muscles. This enzyme defect is correlated to obesity itself.
authors.affiliation: Hvidöre Hospital, Klampenborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Damsbo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaag
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hother-Nielsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beck-Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006006:Glycogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D006006:Glycogen Synthase