title: Evaluation of a new finger-type intraoperative epicardial echocardiographic probe for infants and small children.
abstract: A new finger-type epicardial echocardiographic probe was evaluated in 26 children with complex cardiac anomalies during open heart surgery. The probe is a small 3.75 MHz phased array transducer for 2-dimensional echo and color Doppler imaging. The tip is slightly angled to facilitate the apical approach through a median sternotomy. The patients included 4 neonates and 8 infants, and the major cardiac lesions were complete atrioventricular (AV) canal, transposition of the great arteries, double outlet right ventricle, and others. The intraoperative study was possible in most of the patients facilitating various approaches for the assessment of left-sided AV valve function, left ventricular outflow obstruction, residual shunt and intraatrial anatomy. Four patients received subsequent operative procedures after the assessment. This transducer appears to be useful in the intraoperative study during surgery for complex cardiac anomalies in neonates and small infants.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsuwaka
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawashima
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000295:instrumentation; D014159:Transducers