title: Efficacy of behavioral versus triazolam treatment in persistent sleep-onset insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared differential effects of behavioral therapy and triazolam in a clinical population with sleep-onset insomnia. Triazolam was hypothesized to decrease sleep latency and frequency and duration of awakening, with some effects during the first night's administration. But at follow-up, sleep measures were predicted to return to baseline levels. Behavioral treatment was hypothesized to effect sleep after 2 or more weeks of training which persisted at follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with average sleep latencies of 81.48 minutes, who reported chronic insomnia for an average of 2.6 years, were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: behavioral stimulus control/relaxation training and triazolam.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both treatments decreased sleep latency but differentially. Triazolam was effective immediately but maintained only some gains at follow-up. Behavioral treatment decreased sleep latency beginning the second week, when subjects expected no improvement, with gains maintained at follow-up. Comparisons showed that triazolam group latencies returned toward baseline, while behavioral group gains were maintained at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triazolam treatment showed superior immediate treatment effects, while behavioral treatment showed superior treatment effects at follow-up, effects that accrued during the training period and differentially persisted at follow-up. One treatment strategy implied by these results would be to combine these two interventions concurrently. This would seem to use the immediate effects produced by the medication until the behavioral skills were learned, at which point medication would be terminated. This strategy could offer immediate relief and sustained effects at drug termination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Birmingham.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: McClusky
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Milby
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Switzer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wooten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D014229:Triazolam / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014229:Triazolam