title: Cefpirome, alone and in combination with gentamicin for enterococcal pyelonephritis in the rodent model.
abstract: The in vitro and in vivo activity of cefpirome (CF) against Enterococcus faecalis GK strain was examined. The ratio of minimal inhibitory to bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) values in microgram/ml were (a) ampicillin 0.8/1.5; (b) gentamicin 2/25; (c) vancomycin, 0.8/50; and (d) CF, 8/32. A time-kill study using 10(7) organisms per milliliter showed a drop of 3 logs10 at 4 hr in the tube containing cefpirome (10 micrograms/ml) as well as the tube containing cefpirome (5 micrograms/ml) plus gentamicin (GM) (2 micrograms/ml), as compared to the control and the tube containing GM at 4 micrograms/ml. At 8 and 24 hr, however, regrowth to control levels occurred. Of this enterococcal strain consisting of 10(8) organisms, 1 ml was then injected intravenously by tail vein into 150 male Wistar rats weighing 120 g each. Eleven days after injection, 10 rats were killed and the remaining ones were randomized into four treatment groups: (a) untreated control; (b) BM, 0.9 mg; (c) CF, 10 mg; and (d) CF + GM. The rats received the injections intramuscularly twice daily. At least 10 rats from each group were killed for quantitative kidney cultures at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after start of therapy. At the end of 4 weeks of therapy, the results were significantly better in the combination group compared to the other three groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Sapico
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Ginunas
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Montgomerie
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Canawati
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000097572:Cefpirome
chemical_list: D000667:Ampicillin; D002511:Cephalosporins; D005839:Gentamicins; D014640:Vancomycin; D000097572:Cefpirome