title: Assessing the efficacy of an Aroclor 1254-induced exogenous metabolic activation system for FETAX.
abstract: The developmental toxicity of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and trichloroethylene (TCE) was assessed with Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX). Late Xenopus laevis blastulae were exposed to NDMA and TCE for 96-h in two separate static-renewal tests with and without the presence of three differently induced exogenous metabolic activation systems (MAS). The MAS consisted of Aroclor 1254-induced (Aroclor 1254 MAS), isoniazid-induced (INH MAS), and a post-isolation mixture (mixed MAS) of Aroclor 1254- and isoniazid-induced rat liver microsomes. Addition of the INH MAS and the mixed MAS increased the Teratogenic Index [TI = LC50/EC50 (malformation)] of NDMA and TCE nearly 2.0- and 2.1-fold and 2.1- and 1.7-fold, respectively. Inclusion of the Aroclor 1254 MAS did not alter the developmental toxicity of either compound. Based on TI values, embryo growth, and types and severity of induced malformations, both NDMA and TCE were developmentally toxic. Use of post-microsome isolation mixtures from differentially induced rat livers increased the efficacy of the exogenous MAS routinely used by FETAX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Fort
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rayburn
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: DeYoung
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bantle
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000818:Animals; D001140:Aroclors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001711:Biotransformation; D020111:Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine); D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D001140:Aroclors; D020111:Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine); D014241:Trichloroethylene; D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine; D007538:Isoniazid