title: Effects of subacute pretreatment with carbamate together with acute adjunct pretreatment against nerve agent exposure.
abstract: Visual observations were made to compare the pretreatment benefits of subacute (75 micrograms/hr, sc) and acute (146 micrograms/kg, im, at 30 min) deliveries of physostigmine salicylate (Phy) against 2 or 5 LD50s (60 or 150 micrograms/kg, sc) of soman in guinea pigs; scopolamine, 80 micrograms/kg, im, was given routinely at 30 min. In a second set of studies, pretreatment with subacute carbamate [sc, Phy 36 micrograms/hr or pyridostigmine (Pyr), 50 micrograms/hr] and acute adjunct (im, scopolamine, 0.48 mg/kg, or trihexyphenidyl, 2 mg/kg) at 30 min, was used against soman (5 LD50s, sc) and VX (18.4 micrograms/kg, sc; 2 LD50s); atropine (16 mg/kg, im) and 2-PAM (25 mg/kg, im) were given at 1 min post soman. In all studies, lethality, % convulsing, convulsive/subconvulsive score, and recovery time were noted. Subacute dosing for 7 days was done via 14-day osmotic minipumps (OMPs). Results of the first set of studies indicate that subacute and acute deliveries of Phy give essentially comparable protection against 2 or 5 LD50s of soman. The second set of studies show that against soman, the adjuncts scopolamine and trihexyphenidyl when compared, and the carbamates, Phy and Pyr when compared, gave similar protective benefits as indicated by all four monitored measures of toxicity. Phy with either adjunct provided excellent protection against VX induced mortality and convulsions. With both carbamates, trihexyphenidyl gave similar protective benefits against VX. Scopolamine, however, under the conditions used herein, failed to act beneficially with Pyr against VX.
authors.affiliation: US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5425.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lennox
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Solana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002219:Carbamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012999:Soman / Q000633:toxicity*; D014282:Trihexyphenidyl / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D010830:Physostigmine; D012601:Scopolamine; D012999:Soman; D014282:Trihexyphenidyl; C009680:VX-agent