title: Elimination of matrix and spectral interferences in the measurement of lead and cadmium in urine and blood by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with deuterium background correction.
abstract: Direct measurement of lead and cadmium in blood and urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with deuterium background correction (D2-AAS) is prone to severe matrix and spectral interferences. We overcame these effects by coating the L'vov platform with ammonium molybdate, reducing the atomization time, introducing a post-atomization cooling step, carefully selecting ashing and atomization temperatures, and using an appropriate procedure for matrix modification. To determine Pb and Cd in blood and urine, we used matrix-matched calibration curves. With the proposed procedure for sample preparation, both Pb and Cd in whole blood can be determined in the same diluted sample. Results obtained by D2-AAS correlate closely with those by Zeeman-corrected AAS. Detection limits (mean blank + 3 SDblank) for Pb in urine and blood were 4 micrograms/L. For cadmium, the detection limits were 0.4 and 0.1 micrograms/L for urine and blood analysis, respectively. Between-run CVs were less than 5.0%.
authors.affiliation: University of Antwerp, Department of Nephrology-Hypertension, Belgium.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: D'Haese
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Lamberts
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Van de Vyver
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: De Broe
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D003903:Deuterium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D003903:Deuterium