title: Protective effect of intrauterine release of levonorgestrel on pelvic infection: three years' comparative experience of levonorgestrel- and copper-releasing intrauterine devices.
abstract: A randomized, multicenter comparison of two intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) was carried out. Nine hundred thirty-seven women were fitted with a copper-releasing IUD, the Nova-T, and 1821 women with an IUD that releases 20 micrograms of levonorgestrel daily. After 36 months, the cumulative gross rates of amenorrhea and hormonal side effects were significantly higher in the levonorgestrel-IUD users. The cumulative 36-month gross pregnancy rate was 3.7 for the Nova-T and 0.3 for the levonorgestrel IUD (P less than .001), demonstrating the levonorgestrel IUD's high contraceptive efficacy. For the first time, a protective effect of the levonorgestrel IUD against pelvic inflammatory disease as compared with the Nova-T was seen statistically. The cumulative 36-month gross rate of pelvic inflammatory disease was 2.0 in Nova-T- and 0.5 in levonorgestrel-IUD users (P less than .013). This significantly lowered incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease may help to solve one of the major concerns associated with intrauterine contraception.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toivonen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luukkainen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Allonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D015993:Life Tables; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D009644:Norgestrel; D016912:Levonorgestrel