title: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: colonization and infection in a long-term care facility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization, transmission, and infection over a 1-year period in a long-term care facility with endemic MRSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monthly surveillance for MRSA colonization of nares, perineum, rectum, and wounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-term care facility attached to an acute care Veterans Affairs medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 341 patients in the facility had monthly surveillance cultures for 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colonization and infection with MRSA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The monthly MRSA colonization rate was 23% +/- 1.0%; colonization occurred most commonly in the nares and wounds. Poor functional status was associated with MRSA colonization. Most patients (65%) never acquired MRSA; 25% of patients were already colonized at admission to the facility or at the start of the study, and only 10% of newly admitted patients acquired MRSA while in the facility. These latter patients acquired several different strains in a pattern of acquisition similar to that generally seen within the facility. In the course of 1 year, only nine patients who acquired MRSA had a roommate with the same phage type; no clustering was evident, and none of these patients developed infection. Nine other patients (3%) developed MRSA infection; five of these patients required hospitalization, but none died as a result of infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the long-term care facility in which our study took place, MRSA was endemic, and the infection rate was low. In such settings, the cost effectiveness of aggressive management of MRSA (widespread screening for MRSA and eradication with antimicrobial agents) needs to be assessed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Terpenning
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Zarins
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Sottile
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Schaberg
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kauffman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology*; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D005260:Female; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D009735:Nursing Homes; D015995:Prevalence; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*