title: Intraocular pressure and hemodynamic changes following tracheal intubation in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the optimal time in which to make intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements in children following tracheal intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating rooms of a tertiary-care children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen healthy children undergoing elective strabismus correction surgery under halothane and nitrous oxide (N2O) endotracheal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following induction of anesthesia, patients were randomly assigned to receive stable end-tidal halothane concentrations of 0.5% or 1.0% in 66% N2O.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline (preintubation) IOP, heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded after 10 minutes of steady-state end-tidal concentrations. These measurements were repeated at 1-minute intervals following tracheal intubation, which was facilitated with atracurium. HR and MAP changes were found to be good predictors of IOP changes. IOP returned to baseline (preintubation) values when HR and MAP returned to preintubation levels. However, IOP measurements under anesthesia may not reflect awake values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend that IOP be measured only after HR and MAP have returned to preintubation levels in children who have undergone tracheal intubation during halothane and N2O anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Watcha
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000770:Anesthesia, Endotracheal; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D013285:Strabismus / Q000601:surgery