title: A controlled study of eight months of physical training and reduction of blood pressure in children: the Odense schoolchild study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of physical training on physical fitness and blood pressure in children aged 9-11 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomised controlled intervention study of a sample of children drawn from a population survey of coronary risk factors in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Odense, Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  69 children with mean blood pressure greater than or equal to 95th centile (hypertensive group) and 68 with mean blood pressure less than 95th centile (normotensive group), randomly selected from a population of 1369 children.
  
  
  METHODS
  67 children were randomised to receive three extra lessons a week of an ordinary school physical education programme for eight months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical fitness assessed by calculation of maximum oxygen uptake and blood pressure recorded by one unblinded observer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After three months neither blood pressure nor physical fitness had changed significantly. After adjustment for values in weight, height, heart rate, and the variable in question before training physical fitness rose significantly at the end of eight months' training, by 3.7 mlO2/kg/min (95% confidence interval 2.2 to 5.3) in the normotensive training subgroup and by 2.1 mlO2/kg/min (0.1 to 4.2) in the hypertensive training subgroup compared with that in the controls. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the training subgroups fell significantly by 6.5 mm Hg (3.2 to 9.9) and 4.1 mm Hg (1.7 to 6.6) respectively in the normotensive group and by 4.9 mm Hg (0.7 to 9.2) and 3.8 mm Hg (0.9 to 6.6) respectively in the hypertensive group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical training lowers blood pressure and improves physical fitness in children and might have implications for an important non-pharmacological approach to primary prevention of essential hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Odense Schoolchild Study Group, Denmark.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Froberg
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hyldebrandt
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors