title: Noninvasive quantification of regional myocardial blood flow in coronary artery disease with oxygen-15-labeled carbon dioxide inhalation and positron emission tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxygen-15-labeled water is a diffusible, metabolically inert myocardial blood flow tracer with a short half-life (2 minutes) that can be used quantitatively with positron emission tomography (PET). The purpose of this study was to validate a new technique to quantify myocardial blood flow (MBF) in animals and to assess its application in patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technique involves the administration of 15O-labeled carbon dioxide (C15O2) and rapid dynamic scanning. Arterial and myocardial time activity curves were fitted to a single tissue compartment tracer kinetic model to estimate MBF in each myocardial region. Validation studies consisted of 52 simultaneous measurements of MBF with PET and gamma-labeled microspheres in nine closed-chest dogs over a flow range of 0.5-6.1 ml/g/min. A good correlation between the two methods was obtained (y = 0.36 + 1.0x, r = 0.91). Human studies consisted of 11 normal volunteers and eight patients with chronic stable angina and single-vessel disease, before and after intravenous dipyridamole infusion. In the normal group, MBF was homogeneous throughout the left ventricle both at rest and after administration of dipyridamole (0.88 +/- 0.08 ml/g/min and 3.52 +/- 1.12 ml/g/min, respectively; p less than or equal to 0.001). In patients, resting MBF was similar in the distribution of the normal and stenotic arteries (1.03 +/- 0.23 and 0.93 +/- 0.21 ml/g/min, respectively). After dipyridamole infusion, MBF in normally perfused areas increased to 2.86 +/- 0.83 ml/g/min, whereas in the regions supplied by stenotic arteries it increased to only 1.32 +/- 0.27 ml/g/min (p less than or equal to 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PET with C15O2 inhalation provides an accurate noninvasive quantitative method for measuring regional myocardial blood flow in patients.
authors.affiliation: MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lammertsma
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: McFalls
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rechavia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galassi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Silva
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maseri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004176:Dipyridamole; D004285:Dogs; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004176:Dipyridamole