title: Toxicities of parenteral nutrition in the critically ill patient.
abstract: Critically ill patients have unique nutritional substrate requirements. Although important advances have been made in understanding these requirements in the face of pathophysiologic and biochemical alterations induced by stress or trauma, nutrition-associated toxicities still occur. The importance of these toxicities to the critically ill patients cannot be over-stated. Many of these toxicities can be avoided by conservative use of selected nutrition substrates in specific subsets of the critically ill population. Practitioners must continue to anticipate and recognize parenteral nutrition-associated toxicities, however, as well as delineate any toxicity from the progression or exacerbation of disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Helms
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kudsk
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Cochran
mesh_terms: D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D003422:Critical Care; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000209:etiology; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous