title: Effect of continuous versus intermittent turning on nursing and non-nursing care time for acute spinal cord injuries.
abstract: The present study was conducted to determine whether automated, continuous turning beds would reduce the nursing care time for spinal cord injured (SCI) patients by freeing hospital staff from manual turning of patients every 2 hours. Seventeen patients were randomly assigned to continuous or intermittent turning and were observed during the 8 hour shift for 1 to 18 days following injury. Trained observers recorded the time taken for patient contact activities performed by the nursing staff (direct nursing care) and other hospital staff. The mean direct nursing care time per dayshift per patient was 130 +/- 22 (mean +/- SD) minutes for 9 patients managed with continuous turning and 115 +/- 41 (mean +/- SD) minutes for 8 patients managed with intermittent turning. The observed difference in care time between the two treatment groups was not significant (p greater than 0.05). Numerous factors including neurological level, time following injury, and medical complications appeared to affect the direct nursing care time. Although continuous turning did not reduce nursing care time it offered major advantages for the treatment of selected cases of acute SCI. Some major advantages of continuous turning treatment were observed. Spinal alignment was easier to maintain during continuous turning in patients with injuries of the cervical spine. Continuous turning allowed radiological procedures on the spine, chest and abdomen to be more easily performed without having to alter the patients' position in bed. Therapy and nursing staff indicated that the continuous turning bed facilitated patient positioning for such activities as chest physiotherapy. With continuous turning, one nurse was sufficient to provide care for an individual SCI patient without having to rely on the assistance of other nurses on the ward for patient turning every 2 hours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bugaresti
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tator
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Szalai
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D006801:Humans; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D009333:Neck; D015588:Observer Variation; D010564:Personnel, Hospital; D011187:Posture; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000451:nursing / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013909:Thorax; D013997:Time Factors