title: Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-6 on the production of immunoreactive IL-1 and TNF-alpha by human monocytes.
abstract: The effects of GM-CSF, IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-6 on the production of IL-1 (both secreted and cell associated) and TNF-alpha by peripheral blood monocytes were studied. Monocytes were cultured for 20 h in suspension and in serum-free conditions which minimized background stimulation of monokine production. GM-CSF, IL-2 and TNF-alpha directly induced the production of cell-associated IL-1 but little or no IL-1 or TNF-alpha secretion. Combination of GM-CSF with IFN-gamma, IL-2 or TNF-alpha synergistically enhanced IL-1 secretion and had an additive effect on cell-associated IL-1 production. Combination of IL-2 with IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha also synergistically enhanced IL-1 secretion but the effect on cell-associated IL-1 production was less than additive. GM-CSF synergistically enhanced TNF-alpha secretion induced by IFN-gamma but not by lipopolysaccharide. GM-CSF did not enhance TNF-alpha secretion induced by IL-2 or TNF-alpha. In contrast, IL-2 synergistically enhanced TNF-alpha secretion induced by IFN-gamma. These results are discussed in relation to cytokine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Danis
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Franic
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rathjen
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor