title: Identification of the envelope V3 loop as the primary determinant of cell tropism in HIV-1.
abstract: Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage are targets for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in vivo. However, many laboratory strains of HIV-1 that efficiently infect transformed T cell lines replicate poorly in macrophages. A 20-amino acid sequence from the macrophage-tropic BaL isolate of HIV-1 was sufficient to confer macrophage tropism on HTLV-IIIB, a T cell line--tropic isolate. This small sequence element is in the V3 loop, the envelope domain that is the principal neutralizing determinant of HIV-1. Thus, the V3 loop not only serves as a target of the host immune response but is also pivotal in determining HIV-1 tissue tropism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lyerly
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Cullen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics*; D002678:Chimera; D015752:Genes, env / Q000502:physiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000882:Haplorhini; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011533:Proviruses; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins