title: Promoter independence as a feature of most skin papillomas in SENCAR mice.
abstract: In the present study, the fate of individual papillomas induced by initiation-promotion on the backs of SENCAR mice was monitored after discontinuation of limited promoter treatment. Groups of 40 SENCAR mice each were initiated by a single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) at 2, 1, 0.5, or 0.25 micrograms/mouse. Animals were promoted with 2 micrograms of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) twice weekly during 10 weeks. At that time point, 10 papilloma bearing mice from each group were randomly selected to follow the growth of their existing tumors. Animals and their individual tumors were identified, charted, and photographed weekly. After an initial increase, the average number of papillomas/mouse remained constant after discontinuation of TPA in all the groups except the group receiving the highest DMBA dose (Group 1) and with highest tumor load. Twenty-one weeks after TPA was discontinued, only 10-20% of the papillomas had regressed and no statistically significant differences were found among the different DMBA dose groups. On the other hand, Group 1 showed the highest percentage of coalescing tumors which was apparently a function of tumor load. In addition, no differences were observed in the proportion of positive tumors with activating point mutations at codon 61 of the Ha-ras gene when comparing samples of papillomas from the highest DMBA initiation dose group (2 micrograms) versus the lowest DMBA initiation dose group (0.25 micrograms). Our present data suggest that papillomas induced with low doses of DMBA in SENCAR mice are no more TPA dependent than those induced by higher initiating doses. Furthermore, in SENCAR mice at the doses used in the present study (0.25-2 micrograms/mouse), the number of so-called "promoter dependent" papillomas represents only a small percentage of the total papillomas produced using the initiation-promotion protocol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville 78957.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Aldaz
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DiGiovanni
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D011905:Genes, ras; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009365:Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous; D010212:Papilloma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate