title: Species differences in human and rat islet sensitivity to human cytokines. Monoclonal anti-interleukin-1 (IL-1) influences on direct and indirect IL-1-mediated islet effects.
abstract: Species differences in sensitivity to human recombinant cytokines were observed when human or rat islets were co-cultured with human recombinant cytokines for 6 days. Suppression of both human and rat islet insulin secretion resulted from co-culture with recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha) or interleukin-1 beta (rIL-1 beta); however, direct rIL-1 alpha and rIL-1 beta cytotoxicity was seen with rat islets but not with human islets. Human islet insulin secretion was also suppressed during co-culture with recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) or interferon (rIFN), but not with lymphotoxin (rLT) or rIL-6; rat islet insulin secretion was not suppressed by any of these cytokines. No direct cytotoxic effects resulted from co-culture of human islets with rLT, rTNF, rIFN, or rIL-6; rLT was slightly cytotoxic for rat islets. Human islet cytotoxic synergy occurred between rLT and rIL-1 alpha, rIL-1 beta, or rIFN; synergy in suppression of human islet insulin secretion occurred between rLT and rIL-1 beta, and between rIFN and rTNF. Pretreatment of rIL-1 with monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for non-crossreactive epitopes on rIL-1 alpha (H43 and H12) or rIL-1 beta (H34 and H21) prevented islet cytotoxic synergy between rIL-1 alpha or rIL-1 beta, respectively, and rLT. Although all four mAb's neutralize the thymocyte and fibroblast stimulatory activities of rIL-1 alpha or rIL-1 beta, mAb H21 does not neutralize rIL-1 beta activity against rat islets. Implications for cytokine-mediated islet cytotoxicity and suppression of insulin secretion are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Orange County, CA 92668.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kenney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines; D007328:Insulin; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha