title: Diltiazem restores IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, and IFN-gamma synthesis and decreases host susceptibility to sepsis following hemorrhage.
abstract: Various beneficial effects of calcium channel blockers on cell and organ function following endotoxic shock, organ ischemia, and reperfusion have been reported; however, it is not known whether these agents have any salutary or deleterious effects on immune responses after low-flow conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine (a) the effect of hemorrhage on lymphocyte IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, and IFN-gamma synthesis, and (b) whether diltiazem has any salutary or adverse effects on these parameters when administered following hemorrhage and resuscitation. To study this, C3H/HeN mice were bled to a mean blood pressure of 35 mm Hg, maintained at that level for 60 min, and resuscitated with shed blood plus twice that volume of Ringer's lactate. Immediately following resuscitation mice received either diltiazem (2400, 800, or 400 micrograms/kg body wt), or an equivalent volume of saline. The mice were sacrificed 24 hr later, splenic lymphocytes were obtained, and their capacity to produce lymphokines was assessed. The results indicated that in the vehicle-treated animals, hemorrhage significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, and IFN-gamma synthesis by 82 +/- 19%, 64 +/- 28%, 71 +/- 11%, and 86 +/- 14%, respectively. However, diltiazem (400 but not 2400 micrograms/kg) treatment after hemorrhage restored lymphocyte capacity to produce IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, and IFN-gamma (P less than 0.05). Additional groups of animals were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture 3 days following hemorrhage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Meldrum
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ertel
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chaudry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D012151:Resuscitation; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D008222:Lymphokines; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D004110:Diltiazem