title: Normative values for visual fields in 4- to 12-year-old children using kinetic perimetry.
abstract: We report normative data for 4- to 12-year-old children using a kinetic perimetry technique that employs a double arc perimeter with a 6-degree target designed for use with infants and children. The subject population consisted of 84 children in four age groups (4, 5, 7, and 10 yrs) and 21 adults as comparison subjects. Individuals had eye examinations to rule out causes of abnormal visual fields. Mean visual field size was determined separately for the right and left eyes in each age group. In the 4-year-old group, the mean extent of visual field along each of the four meridians for the right eye was 59, 48, 52, and 85 degrees of arc for radial meridians orientation set at 45, 135, 225, and 315 meridians, respectively. The visual field extent in each quadrant generally increased with age. The overall extent of field as measured along the four meridians for all subject groups increased significantly with the age, indicating a continued growth of visual field size in older children. These data suggest that adult visual field size is achieved at about 11.6 years of age.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pa 19104.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dobson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields