title: The acute toxicity of pulse-dosed, para-substituted phenols to larval American flagfish (Jordanella floridae): a comparison with toxicity to photoluminescent bacteria and predicted toxicity using log Kow.
abstract: The acute toxicity of nine para-substituted phenols was determined using a pulse-exposure testing protocol and 8-day-old larval American flagfish (Jordanella floridae). Relative tolerance was assessed by determining the 2-h pulse exposure concentration causing 20 and 50% mortality (PE LC20 and PE LC50) over the subsequent 94 h. Four bioassays were run for each phenol and yielded the following mean PE LC20 values (mg 1(-1)) in descending order of toxicity: p-aminophenol, 0.06; hydroquinone, 0.13; phenol, 0.70; p-nitrophenol, 0.81; p-cyanophenol, 3.0; p-chlorophenol, 3.3; p-hydroxyacetophenone, 4.2; p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 6.4; and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 170. These toxicities did not correlate significantly with either previously reported toxicity values for the photoluminescent bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum, or with the log octanol-water partition coefficient. For some of the compounds, however, sensitivities were quite close to previously reported rainbow trout chronic no-observed-effect concentrations based on continuous exposure. Caution is urged with respect to applying "low-level" biota techniques or simple quantitative structure-activity correlations such as Kow when attempting to predict the toxicity of specific chemicals to fish.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Holdway
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes; D007814:Larva; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols