title: Third-degree lesions of the external compartment of the ankle: results of conservative treatment.
abstract: Ankle sprains are one of the most common lesions of the musculo-skeletal system. In some sports they are the most common reason that athletes seek medical care. For this reason many publications are dedicated to this subject, and specifically to the treatment of lesions of the external compartment, which account for about 85% of all ligamentous lesions of the ankle (O'Donoghue, 1958). The treatment of these lesions is very controversial. Some orthopedists propose early surgical treatment to restore normal healing with minimal functional lengthening. Others favor conservative treatment, while still others recommend functional treatment with the objective of accelerating the recovery of proprioceptive reflexes affected by the ligamentous lesion as well as stimulating healing by movement. The authors' diagnostic and therapeutic approach to lesions of the external compartment of the ankle is explained with special reference to lesions in athletes, who must be guaranteed perfect joint stability in order to tolerate the intense stress of sports activity without danger of relapse.
authors.affiliation: I Clinica Ortopedica, Università La Sapienza, Roma.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papandrea
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poggini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Falez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016512:Ankle Injuries; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D001458:Bandages / Q000592:standards; D002370:Casts, Surgical / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000592:standards; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical