title: Comparative studies of femtosecond to microsecond laser pulses on selective pigmented cell injury in skin.
abstract: Threshold radiant exposures for grossly apparent immediate whitening and ultrastructural alterations of melanosomes in black guinea pig skin were determined for a series of red visible laser pulses ranging from 4 x 10(-4) to 6.5 x 10(-14) s. Threshold exposures for melanosomal injury were found to be independent of pulsewidth when the pulsewidths were below the estimated thermal relaxation time of melanosomes. Threshold radiant exposures for melanosomal injury were found to increase when the pulsewidths were approximately equal to or above the thermal relaxation time of melanosomes. At longer pulse durations, fracturing of melanosomes was not observed despite the longer exposures necessary for injury. Instead, perimelanosomal vacuoles were noted. These findings are consistent with the theory of selective photothermolysis and provide evidence for the thermal initiation of melanosomal disruption.
authors.affiliation: Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brorson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dalickas
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Flotte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007834:Lasers; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013997:Time Factors