title: Dietary treatment for familial hypercholesterolemia--differential effects of dietary soy protein according to the apolipoprotein E phenotypes.
abstract: Familial hypercholesterolemia, one form of type IIa hyperlipidemia, usually responds poorly to standard low-lipid diets. To define the responsiveness to a soy-protein diet in this disease, one homozygous and twenty heterozygous type IIa patients were submitted to a 4-wk traditional hypocholesterolemic diet followed by 4 wk in which animal protein was substituted with texturized soy protein. Soy was then withdrawn for a further 4 wk. No significant changes in plasma lipids were observed during low-lipid diets. The soy diet, however, caused a marked decrease in total (-20.8%) and low-density-lipoprotein (-25.8%) cholesterol and in apolipoprotein B (-14.1%). The plasma cholesterol reduction was higher in patients with apolipoprotein E3/E3 or E3/E4 vs an almost negligible effect on E3/E2. These results confirm that soy-protein diets can lower cholesterol in type IIa patients with familial disease. Data on the sensitivity of patients with different apo-E isoforms agree with recent hypotheses suggesting that soy proteins may activate B,E receptors.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Center, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaddi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciarrocchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matteucci
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rimondi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravaglia
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Descovich
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Sirtori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D013025:Glycine max
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol