title: Management of IUD-associated menorrhagia in female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).
abstract: The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of antifibrinolytic agents (epsilon-aminocaproic acid, EACA; tranexamic acid, AMCA), anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin, IND; ibuprofen, IBU; naproxen, NAP) and root extract of the plant Boerhaavia diffusa (BD) on menstrual cycle length (MCL), duration of menstrual flow (DMF), menstrual iron loss (MIL) and activity of uterine tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in IUD-fitted monkeys. Premature onset of menstruation was observed in IUD-fitted monkeys (26.0 +/- 0.7 days, mean +/- SE) as compared to controls (28.7 +/- 0.4 days). No noteworthy change was observed in the MCL of drug treated monkeys as compared to IUD-fitted monkeys. An increase of 155%, 123.2%, and 288% was observed in the DMF, MIL and tPA activity after IUD insertion as compared to controls. Antifibrinolytic agents reduced the DMF, MIL and activity of tPA in IUD-fitted monkeys up to 117.4%, 116.4%, and 254%, whereas anti-inflammatory drugs caused a decrease only up to 69%, 95.1%, and 138%, respectively. Conclusively, root extract of B. diffusa treated IUD-fitted monkeys showed noticeable reduction in their DMF (124%), MIL (120.8%) and tPA activity (272%).
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barthwal
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D015119:Aminocaproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007434:Intrauterine Devices; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D008598:Menstruation / Q000187:drug effects; D009288:Naproxen / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009288:Naproxen; D014148:Tranexamic Acid; D007501:Iron; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D015119:Aminocaproic Acid; D007052:Ibuprofen; D007213:Indomethacin