title: Five-year follow-up of islet cell antibodies in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The aim was to study the frequency and appearance of cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies in relation to impairment of insulin secretory capacity and some clinical characteristics in a representative group of middle-aged (45-64 years) patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (70 male, 63 female) at the time of diagnosis and at five-year follow-up. Non-diabetic control subjects (62 male, 82 female) were similarly examined at five-year intervals. At the baseline five out of 133 (3.8%) diabetic patients were positive for conventional and four (3.0%) for complement-fixing islet cell antibodies. Ten patients had become positive by the second screening for conventional antibodies and six for complement-fixing antibodies, but none showed negative conversion. Two non-diabetic subjects (1.5%) became antibody positive during the follow-up. Insulin treatment was started during the follow-up for four out of 15 (27%) conventional antibody positive and for one out of 121 (0.8%) antibody negative diabetic patients (p = 0.001). The sensitivity of the positive conventional and complement-fixing antibody for identifying patients who developed an impairment of insulin secretory capacity (post-glucagon C-peptide less than or equal to 0.60 nmol/l at 5-year) was 75%. The respective specificity was 90% and the positive predictive values were highest in the case of high positivity (50%). The negative predictive value of antibody positivity was close to 100%. In conclusion, islet cell antibody positivity in patients classified as Type 2 was persistent during the follow-up and predicted the future development of insulin deficiency especially in those patients with high or increasing antibody titres.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niskanen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karjalainen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sarlund
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Siitonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uusitupa
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007328:Insulin; C024211:islet cell antibody