Digestive development of the early-weaned pig. 1. Effect of continuous nutrient supply on the development of the digestive tract and on changes in digestive enzyme activity during the first week post-weaning.
Gastric intubation was adopted to examine the effect of continuous nutrient supply on digestive development of the pig during the immediate post-weaning period. The 14 d-weaned animals were slaughtered at 3, 5 and 7 d post-weaning (3W, 5W and 7W respectively) and the suckled animals were slaughtered at 14 and 22 d of age (14SR and 22SR respectively). The weight of the pancreas (g/kg bodyweight) was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in the 5W and 7W groups, as was the weight of large intestine (g/kg) in all weaned groups (P less than 0.01) compared with sow-reared pigs. The stomach weight (g/kg) tended to be greater in the weaned groups. Weaning, in conjunction with a continuous nutrient supply, did not significantly alter the time-related changes in the weight of the small intestine (SI) or the SI mucosa, although both variables tended to be lowest in the 3W group. However, there was a 20% reduction in the protein content of the mucosa within the first 3 d post-weaning (P less than 0.01) which persisted during the 7 d experimental period. Lactase, (beta-galactosidase; EC 3.2.1.23) activity (mumol/g protein and mol/d) of the 7W group was reduced to approximately 40% of the 22SR value. Hence, continuous nutrient supply may have delayed, but did not prevent, the loss of lactase activity at weaning. The activity of sucrase (sucrose-alpha-glucosidase; EC 3.2.1.48) was significantly higher in 22SR compared with 14SR animals. Sucrase activity in weaned pigs was intermediate to the values for sow-reared pigs whereas maltase (alpha-glucosidase; EC 3.2.1.20) and glucoamylase (glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase; EC 3.2.1.3) were significantly increased in relation to their sow-reared counterparts. Continuous nutrient supply did not prevent the reduction in villous height and the crypt hypertrophy associated with weaning. The results of the present study suggest that there may be some degree of interaction between nutrient intake and gut development during the immediate post-weaning period but that there is also a component of the adaptive response which is independent of nutrient intake. They confirm the rapid substrate induction of the brush-border glucoamylases and indicate the importance of considering total as well as specific enzyme activity for satisfactory interpretation of changes in digestive function.
Kelly
D
D
Department of Food and Agricultural Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast.
Smyth
J A
JA
McCracken
K J
KJ
D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development*; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D010179:Pancreas / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013270:Stomach / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013393:Sucrase / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*; D014886:Weaning; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase; D013393:Sucrase