title: Sodium dodecyl sulfate and heat induce two distinct forms of lobster muscle multicatalytic proteinase: the heat-activated form degrades myofibrillar proteins.
abstract: A multicatalytic proteinase (MCP) purified from lobster claw and abdominal muscles degrades a variety of peptide and protein substrates. The enzyme is activated by low concentrations (0.03%) of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and brief (1 min) heating at 60 degrees C. The lobster MCP can assume three stable and functionally distinct states in vitro; these are classified as the basal, heat-activated, and SDS-activated forms. The basal MCP possessed high trypsin-like peptidase activity and low chymotrypsin-like peptidase, peptidylglutamyl-peptide hydrolase, and caseinolytic activities; incubation of the basal form with SDS stimulated the peptidylglutamyl-hydrolase activity about 30-fold and inhibited the other three activities 80% to 100%. Heating the basal form stimulated caseinolytic activity about 6-fold with little effect on the peptidase activities. The heat-activated enzyme also degraded myosin, tropomyosin, troponin, and actin depolymerizing factor; alpha-actinin was resistant to proteolysis. Incubation of the heat-activated MCP with SDS inhibited the trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, and proteinase activities 95 to 100% and stimulated the peptidylglutamyl-hydrolase activity about 16-fold. Incubation of myosin with either the basal or the heat-activated forms in the presence of SDS generated identical proteolytic fragments of the myosin heavy chain, suggesting that SDS induced a third form that can be produced from either the basal or the heat-activated forms. The heat-activated form produced proteolytic fragments of myosin heavy chain different from those generated by either basal or heat-activated enzymes in the presence of SDS. Furthermore, 100 mM KCl stimulated the caseinolytic activity of the heat-activated form 24% and inhibited the trypsin-like and peptidylglutamyl-hydrolase activities 56 and 20%, respectively. These results, though indirect, suggest that heating induced a proteinase activity that was distinct from the three peptidase activities. Activation of the basal form with SDS was reversible, since precipitation of dodecyl sulfate with 100 mM KCl restored trypsin-like activity and inhibited peptidylglutamyl-hydrolase activity. In contrast, removal of dodecyl sulfate from the SDS-activated form that was derived from the heat-activated MCP induced its conversion to the basal form. Thus, although heat-activation was irreversible, the heat-activated form was converted back to the basal form via the SDS-activated form.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Mykles
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Haire
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D009210:Myofibrils / Q000378:metabolism; D008121:Nephropidae; D009842:Oligopeptides; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex