title: Characteristics of ovarian follicular development in Norplant users.
abstract: Daily transvaginal ultrasound (US) scanning of the ovaries to assess follicular development and daily blood sampling were performed on 19 Norplant (Leiras, Turku, Finland) subdermal contraceptive implant users who had regular menstrual cycles and on 10 normally cycling women. Three groups were identified in the implant users based on US finding. Six (31.6%) of the implant users had US findings that were consistent with a normal ovulatory pattern. However, their mean peak luteinizing hormone levels and peak midluteal phase progesterone (P) levels were significantly lower than control values. Eleven (57.9%) users had persistent follicles, and 2 users (10.5%) had no follicular development. These data suggest that after 2 to 4 years of use, about one third of Norplant users with regular bleeding patterns may ovulate but most have deficient luteal P levels. In this small study, the presence of persistent follicular enlargement in implant users was common.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shoupe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horenstein
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mishell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lacarra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medearis
mesh_terms: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D009644:Norgestrel; D011374:Progesterone; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone