title: The individual and combined toxicity of kojic acid and aflatoxin in broiler chickens.
abstract: The individual and combined effects of kojic acid and aflatoxin were studied in male broiler chicks (Peterson x Hubbard). The experiment had a two by two factorial arrangement of treatments with dietary treatments of 0 and 2,500 mg kojic acid/kg feed and 0 and 2.5 mg aflatoxin/kg feed. The broilers were obtained at 1 day of age and housed in electrically heated batteries with feed and water available for ad libitum intake until they reached 3 wk of age. The toxicity of kojic acid was characterized by significant (P less than .05) reductions in body weight, the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius, serum cholesterol concentration, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and by significant (P less than .05) increases in the relative weight of the pancreas, proventriculus, and gizzard, and serum concentrations of uric acid and triglycerides. Aflatoxicosis was characterized by significant (P less than .05) reductions in body weight, serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and inorganic phosphorus, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity, and mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Significant (P less than .05) increases in the relative weight of the liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, proventriculus, and heart, and the serum pyruvic transaminase activity were also caused by aflatoxin alone. The only significant (P less than .05) interaction between kojic acid and aflatoxin, which can best be described as antagonistic, was seen through an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. These data indicate that kojic acid is not an aflatoxin synergist at the levels used in the present study.
authors.affiliation: USDA, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77845.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Giroir
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Huff
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Kubena
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Elissalde
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Witzel
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Yersin
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Ivie
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002060:Bursa of Fabricius / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005895:Gizzard, Avian / Q000187:drug effects; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D015651:Mycotoxicosis / Q000209:etiology; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects; D011531:Proventriculus / Q000187:drug effects; D011753:Pyrones / Q000633:toxicity*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D011753:Pyrones; C011890:kojic acid