title: The embryonic development of the lateral nasal wall from 8 to 24 weeks.
abstract: This histological study of 20 fetal heads aged between 8 and 24 weeks of gestation demonstrates and describes the embryonic development of the lateral wall of the nose. The three turbinates (inferior, middle, and superior) arise as soft-tissue swellings (preturbinates) by 8 weeks' gestation. A cartilage capsule surrounds the nose at 8 weeks and by 9 weeks, medially directed flanges of cartilage have invaded all three preturbinates. The uncinate process arises from the medial surface of the lateral cartilaginous capsule and is first identifiable by 10 weeks. An "air space" progressively develops from 11 to 12 weeks lateral to the cartilaginous uncinate process and from this space, the embryonic channel to the maxillary sinus develops. The embryonic woven bone of the maxilla can be identified from 9 to 10 weeks and enlarges both absolutely and relatively to the nasal cavity, so that by 13 to 14 weeks, this expanding bone forms the lateral wall of the inferior meatus as the cartilaginous nasal capsule regresses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hawke
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kwok
mesh_terms: D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000196:embryology*; D009666:Nose / Q000196:embryology; D014420:Turbinates / Q000196:embryology