title: [Study on immunoglobulin allotypes in the Chinese: a hypothesis of the origin of the Chinese nation].
abstract: This paper reports the distribution of immunoglobulin Gm and Km allotypes in 74 Chinese geographic populations. These populations are derived from 24 nationalities comprising 96.6% of the total population of China. A total of 9,560 individuals were phenotyped for Gm (1,2,3,5,21) factors and 9,611 for Km(1). Phylogenetic trees were constructed on the basis of Gm haplotype frequencies and genetic distances. The results of clustering analysis show the heterogeneity of the Chinese nation, and confirm the hypothesis that the modern Chinese nation originated from two distinct populations. One population originating in the Yellow River valley, and the other originating, in the Yangtze River valley during the early part of neolithic times (to date 3,000--7,000). Frequencies of the Gm haplotype of 74 Chinese populations were compared with those from 33 populations from major racial groups. The results suggest that during human evolution, the Negroid group and Caucasoid-Mongoloid group diverged first, followed by a divergence between the Caucasoid and Mongoloid. Interrace divergences are high in comparison with interrace divergences. There appear to be two distinct subgroups of Mongoloid, Northern and Southern Mongoloid. The Northern and Southern Mongoloid have Gm1;21 and Gm1,3;5 haplotypes as race associated markers, respectively. Furthermore, the Caucasian associated haplotype Gm3;5 was found in several of the minorities living in the northwest part of China. The amount of Caucasian admixture has been estimated. The presence of the Gm3;5 haplotype is attributed to the Caucasians living in Central Asia throughout the "Silk Road." In contrast to the Gm haplotype distribution, Km1 gene frequencies showed a random distribution in the populations studied.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: S Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007126:Immunoglobulin Allotypes / Q000032:analysis*; D007129:Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes / Q000032:analysis*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D007126:Immunoglobulin Allotypes; D007129:Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes