title: Analysis of Krüppel control elements reveals that localized expression results from the interaction of multiple subelements.
abstract: The Drosophila gap gene Krüppel (Kr) displays a complex spatiotemporal pattern of expression during embryogenesis. Using P-element transformation experiments, we demonstrate that control elements guiding Kr expression in the central or in the anterior domain at the blastoderm stage are each composed of multiple subelements that interact synergistically. We provide evidence that bicoid (bcd) and hunch-back (hb) gene products, as well as at least one other activator, are needed to activate Kr expression in the central domain. We localize and describe regulatory elements within the 4.1-kilobase region proximal to the Kr promoter that are responsible for expression in the ectoderm, mesoderm, amnioserosa, and nervous system. Finally, a protein instability motif encoded in the second exon appears to be important for resetting the dynamic Kr pattern.
authors.affiliation: Departement de Biologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sather
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ollo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000235:genetics*; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000502:physiology; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009420:Nervous System / Q000196:embryology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; C497244:Kr protein, Drosophila; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors