title: Neuroendocrine and immunologic effects of unemployment and job insecurity.
abstract: We prospectively followed a cohort of 354 blue-collar men and women, some of whom lost their jobs. Results show marked effects during the anticipatory and early unemployment phase on mental well-being, serum cortisol, prolactin, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and phytohemagglutinin reactivity of lymphocytes. Most of these changes appear to be of short-term duration. However, changes in cardiovascular risk factors are observed at least 2 years following the loss of one's job. Coping style appears to be a major determinant whether or not and how people will react to unemployment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stress Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Arnetz
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hjelm
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Petterson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petrini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eneroth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kallner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kvetnansky
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D014478:Unemployment / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006728:Hormones; D011388:Prolactin; D002784:Cholesterol; D006854:Hydrocortisone