title: Effects of famotidine on gastric pH and residual volume in pediatric surgery.
abstract: Aspiration pneumonitis is a severe complication of anesthesia. The objectives of this study were to determine if preoperative famotidine, a new histamine2-receptor antagonist, given by mouth either the evening before or the morning of elective surgery, reduced gastric residual volume and increased gastric pH in pediatric patients. Either famotidine or placebo (or both) were orally administered to 58 children (aged 2-17 years). The patients were randomly assigned to four groups: Famotidine-Famotidine, Placebo-Placebo, Placebo-Famotidine, and Famotidine-Placebo; subjects in the Famotidine-Famotidine group received two doses of famotidine (0.5 mg.kg-1 per dose), those in the Placebo-Placebo group, two doses of placebo, those in the Placebo-Famotidine and Famotidine-Placebo group, one dose of each by mouth. The Famotidine-Famotidine group received one dose of famotidine at 22:00 the evening before surgery and a second dose 60-90 min before the scheduled time of surgery. The Placebo-Placebo group received two doses of placebo at the same times as the Famotidine-Famotidine group. The Placebo-Famotidine group received a dose of placebo the night before surgery and a dose of famotidine the morning of surgery; the Famotidine-Placebo group received famotidine the night before surgery and placebo the morning of surgery. The administration of famotidine on the morning of surgery significantly increased gastric pH (4.8 vs. 1.3) in comparison with placebo, as did two doses of famotidine (6.6). Famotidine failed to reduce gastric residual volume significantly in any group. The administration of famotidine significantly reduced the number of pediatric patients considered at higher risk for aspiration pneumonitis, despite not decreasing gastric residual volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jahr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burckart
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015738:Famotidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000517:prevention & control; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication
chemical_list: D015738:Famotidine