title: Multiple basal promoter elements determine the level of human c-fos transcription.
abstract: Three cis-acting domains that contribute to the basal promoter activity of the human c-fos gene were identified. One encompasses the serum response element and has been previously described. Another spans an NF1-like site situated at -170. Mutations and in vitro protein binding assays pinpoint this site as the sole basal element of the medial domain. The third, or promoter-proximal, domain can be divided into several distinct sites, one containing a directly repeated GC-rich element and the other consisting of partially overlapping recognition sites for transcription factors ATF/CREB and MLTF/USF. Each of these sites contributes to basal activity as assayed by transient transfections and by in vitro transcription. Consistent with this, several complexes could be visualized between this region and nuclear proteins in vitro and genomic footprinting demonstrated that both elements are constitutively bound in vivo. On the basis of these results, we conclude that all three domains are necessary for full c-fos promoter function.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie, Universität Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Runkel
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hipskind
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nordheim
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D014157:Transcription Factors