Prostaglandin and thromboxane biosynthesis.
We describe the enzymological regulation of the formation of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2, PGI2 (prostacyclin), and thromboxane (Tx) A2 from arachidonic acid. We discuss the three major steps in prostanoid formation: (a) arachidonate mobilization from monophosphatidylinositol involving phospholipase C, diglyceride lipase, and monoglyceride lipase and from phosphatidylcholine involving phospholipase A2; (b) formation of prostaglandin endoperoxides (PGG2 and PGH2) catalyzed by the cyclooxygenase and peroxidase activities of PGH synthase; and (c) synthesis of PGD2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2, PGI2, and TxA2 from PGH2. We also include information on the roles of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, dexamethasone and other anti-inflammatory steroids, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and interleukin-1 in prostaglandin metabolism.
Smith
W L
WL
Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
Marnett
L J
LJ
DeWitt
D L
DL
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011449:Prostaglandin Endoperoxides / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D011457:Prostaglandins D / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011458:Prostaglandins E / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011460:Prostaglandins F / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013931:Thromboxanes / Q000096:biosynthesis*
D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D011449:Prostaglandin Endoperoxides; D011457:Prostaglandins D; D011458:Prostaglandins E; D011460:Prostaglandins F; D013931:Thromboxanes; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases