title: Product toxicity and cometabolic competitive inhibition modeling of chloroform and trichloroethylene transformation by methanotrophic resting cells.
abstract: The rate and capacity for chloroform (CF) and trichloroethylene (TCE) transformation by a mixed methanotrophic culture of resting cells (no exogenous energy source) and formate-fed cells were measured. As reported previously for TCE, formate addition resulted in an increased CF transformation rate (0.35 day-1 for resting cells and 1.5 day-1 for formate-fed cells) and transformation capacity (0.0065 mg of CF per mg of cells for resting cells and 0.015 mg of CF per mg of cells for formate-fed cells), suggesting that depletion of energy stores affects transformation behavior. The observed finite transformation capacity, even with an exogenous energy source, suggests that toxicity was also a factor. CF transformation capacity was significantly lower than that for TCE, suggesting a greater toxicity from CF transformation. The toxicity of CF, TCE, and their transformation products to whole cells was evaluated by comparing the formate oxidation activity of acetylene-treated cells to that of non-acetylene-treated cells with and without prior exposure to CF or TCE. Acetylene arrests the activity of methane monooxygenase in CF and TCE oxidation without halting cell activity toward formate. Significantly diminished formate oxidation by cells exposed to either CR or TCE without acetylene compared with that with acetylene suggests that the solvents themselves were not toxic under the experimental conditions but their transformation products were. The concurrent transformation of CF and TCE by resting cells was measured, and results were compared with predictions from a competitive-inhibition cometabolic transformation model. The reasonable fit between model predictions and experimental observations was supportive of model assumptions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Cohen
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: McCarty
mesh_terms: D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001711:Biotransformation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002725:Chloroform / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D005561:Formates / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D008772:Methylococcaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D005561:Formates; C030544:formic acid; D014241:Trichloroethylene; D002725:Chloroform; D010105:Oxygenases; C021555:methane monooxygenase; D008697:Methane