title: Phenylephrine in the prevention of hypotension following spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phenylephrine and ephedrine were compared in the prevention of maternal hypotension following spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obstetric suite at a university-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty healthy patients electively scheduled for cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to receive either ephedrine (n = 29) in 10 mg intravenous (IV) bolus injections or phenylephrine (n = 31) in 80 microgram IV bolus injections to maintain systolic blood pressure (SBP) above 100 mmHg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal venous, umbilical artery, and umbilical vein blood gases were measured, and neonatal Apgar scores and Early Neonatal Neurobehavior Scale scores were assessed. In the ephedrine group, umbilical artery pH was 7.28 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- SEM), umbilical artery partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) was 56.6 +/- 1.4 mmHg, and umbilical artery base deficit was 2.2 +/- 0.04 meq. In the phenylephrine group, umbilical artery pH was 7.32 +/- 0.01, umbilical artery PCO2 was 52.1 +/- 1.3 torr, and umbilical artery base deficit was 0.38 +/- 0.35 meq. There were significant differences between the groups in mean umbilical artery pH, PCO2, and base deficit, although all values obtained were within normal limits. There were no significant differences between the groups in the remaining acid-base values, neonatal Apgar scores, Early Neonatal Neurobehavior Scale scores, or frequency of maternal nausea and vomiting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phenylephrine is as effective as ephedrine in the treatment of maternal hypotension, and when used in small incremental bolus injections, it appears to have no adverse neonatal effects in healthy, nonlaboring parturients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perillo
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: LaPorta
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bader
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datta
mesh_terms: D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D010656:Phenylephrine; D004809:Ephedrine