title: Hyperexpression of interferon-gamma-induced MHC class II genes associated with reorganization of the cytoskeleton.
abstract: Class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products are key recognition units in the induction and regulation of the immune response. Expression of class I and class II may be constitutive or inducible by cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). A key step in the induction of MHC genes is recognition of IFN-gamma by its membrane receptor. The work described here examines the regulation of the occupied IFN-gamma receptor by the cytoskeleton. To do this the authors have used the fungal metabolites dihydrocytochalasin B (DHCB) and cytochalasin D (CD), substances that bind to actin filaments and thereby disrupt the cytoskeleton. The authors have studied the effect of DHCB and CD on IFN-gamma-induced MHC gene expression in 143 B cells, a human osteosarcoma-derived cell line. Herein the authors demonstrate that alterations in the cytoskeleton induced by DHCB and CD can lead to increases in IFN-gamma-induced MHC gene expression. Dihydrocytochalasin B added up to 3 hours after IFN-gamma results in a threefold to sixfold increase in levels of class II mRNA while producing minimal enhancement of class I gene expression. In contrast, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA expression was unaltered by IFN-gamma or by the cytochalasins. The increased amount of class II mRNA can be accounted for by a concomitant increase in transcription rate of this gene. Studies using 125I-IFN-gamma demonstrate that the occupied IFN-gamma receptor associates with a Triton X-100 insoluble fraction of 143 B cells and that DHCB and CD markedly inhibit this association. The results described here provide evidence that is consistent with the hypothesis that the activity of the occupied IFN-gamma receptor may be modulated by interactions with the cytoskeleton of the cell. This receptor may be one of a group of plasma membrane receptors that are sensitive to the action of cytochalasins after ligand binding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California 92037.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ulevitch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kline
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pingel
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Amaldi
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reith
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mach
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D003571:Cytochalasin B / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; C024794:dihydrocytochalasin B; D003571:Cytochalasin B; D007371:Interferon-gamma