title: Bronchoconstriction and delayed rapid shallow breathing induced by cigarette smoke inhalation in anesthetized rats.
abstract: Bronchomotor and ventilatory responses to inhalation of cigarette smoke (50% concentration, 6 ml) were studied in anesthetized and vagotomized Sprague-Dawley rats. Low-nicotine cigarette smoke did not cause any detectable delayed response, whereas high-nicotine cigarette smoke induced rapid, shallow breathing, and a marked increase in airway resistance (RL). The increase in f reached a peak (delta f = 43 +/- 8%) at the 5th breath after the onset of smoke inhalation, preceding both the decrease in VT (delta VT = -27 +/- 4%) and the increase in RL (delta RL = 89 +/- 19%); the latter 2 reached their peaks at approximately the 10th breath, displaying a similar temporal pattern of responses between them. The bronchomotor response to high-nicotine cigarette smoke was slightly attenuated but not prevented by prior administration of isoproterenol (0.2 mg/kg, intravenously [iv]), nor was the smoke-induced rapid, shallow breathing. In contrast, prior administration of mecamylamine (0.9 mg/kg, iv) completely abolished both the bronchomotor and ventilatory responses to smoke inhalation, indicating that nicotine is the primary causative agent responsible for these changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington 40536-0084.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008464:Mecamylamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D008464:Mecamylamine; D009538:Nicotine; D007545:Isoproterenol