title: Oral ofloxacin for the treatment of acute bacterial pneumonia: use of a nontraditional protocol to compare experimental therapy with "usual care" in a multicenter clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This multicenter study was designed to compare an exclusively oral regimen with "usual care" in patients hospitalized with acute bacterial pneumonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-seven patients were enrolled. All patients presented with a clinical picture consistent with pneumonia: (1) clinical symptoms of a lower respiratory tract infection, such as chest pain, cough, and production of purulent sputum; (2) roentgenographic infiltrate compatible with acute infection; and (3) Gram's stain of purulent sputum or other appropriate bronchopulmonary specimen containing gram-negative organisms, staphylococci, or pneumococci. All patients required hospitalization. The design was a parallel-group, open-label study with randomization in blocks of four. Ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, was administered orally or by nasogastric tube, 400 mg every 12 hours. This was compared with the individual investigator's best selection of therapy that was administered parenterally, at least initially.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty-three patients were evaluable after exclusions for deviation from protocol, early death due to unrelated causes, incorrect diagnosis, or early adverse drug reactions. All 69 patients treated with ofloxacin and 61 of 64 control patients had favorable clinical and microbiologic responses. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of demographics, therapeutic outcome, and duration of therapy. There were few side effects overall and rates were similar for the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An exclusively oral regimen, in this case ofloxacin, may be substituted for parenteral therapy in selected patients with pneumonia. This might significantly reduce costs and risks to the patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alessi
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Makris
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: McCloskey
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Trenholme
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iannini
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bittner
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D012107:Research Design; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D015242:Ofloxacin