title: The Clerkenwell scheme: assessing efficacy and cost of a psychiatric liaison service to a magistrates' court.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of psychiatric liaison schemes to magistrates' courts in shortening the period that mentally ill accused people spend in custody between arrest, the provision of psychiatric reports, and admission to hospital under the Mental Health Act 1983 and to establish the direct costs of setting up such schemes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nine month prospective study of court referrals and concurrent analysis of prison records.
  
  
  METHODS
  An inner London magistrates' court (Clerkenwell) and a large remand prison (Brixton).
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive series of 80 remand prisoners receiving psychiatric assessment through a liaison scheme; 50 remand prisoners placed on hospital orders by magistrates' courts after being remanded to prison for reports; 364 psychiatric prisoners undergoing second opinion assessments at a remand prison; 520 offenders in a remand prison placed on hospital orders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of lengths of time spent in custody for different stages of the assessment and disposal process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the 50 remand prisoners assessed in prison the mean time from arrest to appearance in court with a psychiatric report was 33.7 days and from arrest to admission to hospital 50.8 days. For those examined in court under the liaison scheme the equivalent figures were 5.4 days (t = 12.63, p less than 0.0001) and 8.7 days (t = 13.04, p less than 0.0001). The number of hospital orders made at the court increased fourfold after the liaison scheme began. The additional direct costs of the scheme were negligible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychiatric liaison services to magistrates' courts can greatly reduce the length of time that offenders with mental disorders spend in custody. Such schemes may increase recognition of offenders suitable for admission to hospital. A scheme could be established in some areas within existing service provision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Royal Free Hospital, London.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003134:Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D007603:Jurisprudence; D008131:London; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics; D008875:Middle Aged; D011330:Prisons; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013997:Time Factors