title: Carcinogenic effect of force-feeding an extract of black pepper (Piper nigrum) in Egyptian toads (Bufo regularis).
abstract: 50 male and 50 female Bufo regularis were treated, by force-feeding, with an extract of black pepper, at a dose level of 2 mg, 3 times a week for 5 months. The first tumors appeared after 2 months. Liver tumors (hepatocellular carcinomas, lymphosarcomas and fibrosarcomas) were found in 12 males and 18 females. Metastatic deposits of hepatocellular carcinomas were registered in the spleen, kidney, fat body and ovary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: el-Mofty
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Khudoley
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shwaireb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002025:Bufonidae; D002273:Carcinogens; D003212:Condiments / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity*; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D010936:Plant Extracts