title: A nuclear factor NF-GM2 that interacts with a regulatory region of the GM-CSF gene essential for its induction in responses to T-cell activation: purification from human T-cell leukemia line Jurkat cells and similarity to NF-kappa B.
abstract: Activation of T cells by antigen, lectin, or a combination of phorbol-12-myristate acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore (A23187) leads to the induction of genes for a set of lymphokines, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). We demonstrated in earlier studies that the upstream region of the mouse GM-CSF promoter at positions between -95 and -73 is essential for transcriptional activation in response to PMA/A23187. This region contains two DNA-binding motifs, GM2 and GC-box. The GM2 sequence (GGTAGTTCCC) is recognized by an inducible factor NF-GM2; the other (CCGCCC) by constitutive factors A1, A2, and B. To elucidate the mechanism of GM-CSF gene activation, we have purified the inducible factor NF-GM2 from the nuclear extract of stimulated Jurkat cells on the basis of specific DNA-binding activity. The purified NF-GM2 consists of 50 (p50) and 65 kDa (p65) polypeptides and has a binding activity specific for both the GM-CSF and immunoglobulin kappa (GGAAAGTCCC) enhancers. Electrophoretically purified p50 alone can form a protein-DNA complex, but in the mixture, p50 associates preferentially with p65 to form the NF-GM2 complex. In addition, p65 gave per se, with low affinity, a protein-DNA complex that migrated more slowly than native NF-GM2 complex. Furthermore, an antiserum against KBF1 (identical to 50 kDa NF-kappa B protein) reacted with the p50 of NF-GM2, indicating that the NF-GM2 polypeptide cannot be immunologically differentiated from the 50 kDa subunit of NF-kappa B. The purified NF-GM2 activated in vitro transcription from the kappa B enhancer, while it failed to stimulate transcription from the GM-CSF promoter harboring the GM2 sequence. This suggests that the activation mechanism of the GM-CSF gene through the GM2/GC-box sequence is different from that of genes carrying the kappa B enhancer alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yodoi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyatake
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015458:Leukemia, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D004247:DNA