Influence of high past lead-in-air exposures on the lead-in-blood levels of lead-acid battery workers with continuing exposure.
We investigated the relationship between air lead levels and blood lead levels in 132 lead-acid battery workers in two plants who were followed for 30 months between 1983 and 1985 with frequent air lead and blood lead determinations. Both plants converted to more modern, expanded-metal battery manufacturing technologies around 1978 with associated reductions in mean air lead exposures from greater than 100 to less than 30 micrograms/m3. In multiple regression analyses including consideration of job category, seniority, age, ethnicity, gender, and smoking habit as covariates, there was a highly significant association of blood lead in micrograms/dL with air lead in micrograms/m3 (partial R2 = .20, P less than .0001) among the 68 workers in plant B but no association (P = .91) in plant A. Restriction of the regression analysis to those 44 workers in plant B with less than or equal to 22 years of seniority yielded the most significant air lead-blood lead association (partial R2 = .36, P less than .0001). Among the remaining 24 plant B workers, seniority, but not air lead, had a significant positive association with blood lead. Despite very stable air lead levels over the 30-month study, the 51 workers in plant A with more than 20 years' seniority had a mean decline of 0.04 microgram/dL in mean blood lead over the study period, whereas the 13 workers in plant A with less than or equal to 20 years' seniority had a mean increase of 7.6 microgram/dL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hodgkins
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University of Michigan, Occupational Health Program, Department of Environmental and Industrial Health, Ann Arbor 48109-2029.
Hinkamp
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DL
Robins
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Schork
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MA
Krebs
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WH
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010316:Particle Size; D014481:United States; D014489:United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D007854:Lead