title: Secondary poisoning hazard of fenthion to American kestrels.
abstract: The possibility that fenthion, an organophosphorus pesticide, could represent a secondary poisoning hazard to birds of prey was tested, using American kestrels (Falco sparverius) and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) as representative models of a naturally occurring predator-prey interaction. Fourteen kestrels were presented with live sparrows exposed previously to perches containing Rid-A-Bird 1100 solution (11% fenthion active ingredient). Eleven kestrels died within twenty-four h after consuming one fenthion-exposed sparrow. Two kestrels died after consumption of a second fenthion-exposed sparrow on day 2, and a final kestrel died after partially consuming a third fenthion-exposed sparrow on day 3. Brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity in kestrels was depressed to levels diagnostic of poisoning by a ChE-inhibiting compound. The majority of fenthion contamination of sparrows was external, with the highest amounts measured on the feet. The detection of fenthion residues in kestrel gastro-intestinal tracts confirmed secondary fenthion poisoning.
authors.affiliation: Macdonald Raptor Research Centre, Macdonald College, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mineau
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shutt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001717:Birds; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000032:analysis; D005284:Fenthion / Q000506:poisoning*; D005506:Food Contamination; D008297:Male; D011041:Poisoning / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D005284:Fenthion; D002802:Cholinesterases