title: Manganese superoxide dismutase is induced by IFN-gamma in multiple cell types. Synergistic induction by IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor or IL-1.
abstract: We have previously characterized more than 20 proteins induced by the immunoregulatory lymphokine IFN-gamma in human fibroblasts by their m.w. and isoelectric points determined in two-dimensional gels. Some of these proteins are induced uniquely by IFN-gamma, whereas others are also induced by IFN-alpha, TNF, or IL-1. Recent technologic advances have allowed us to begin to rapidly identify proteins induced by IFN-gamma and other cytokines by sequencing the induced proteins from blots of preparative two-dimensional gels of total cell lysates. In this study, we show that the approximately 21 kDa, isoelectric point greater than 7 protein induced by IFN-gamma is manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), a mitochondrial protective enzyme encoded by a nuclear gene. Mn-SOD is induced by IFN-gamma and also by TNF in all four human cell lines examined: HS153 fibroblasts, ACHN renal carcinoma, A549 lung carcinoma, and A375 melanoma. Induction of Mn-SOD mRNA is a primary, rapid, and dose-dependent response to IFN-gamma. In ACHN renal carcinoma cells, Mn-SOD mRNA and protein are induced synergistically by IFN-gamma in combination with either TNF or IL-1, and the induced protein is enzymatically active. IFN-gamma and TNF together induce Mn-SOD mRNA by more than 100-fold relative to its level in untreated ACHN cells. The induction of Mn-SOD by IFN-gamma and its synergistic induction by IFN-gamma in combination with TNF and IL-1 should protect healthy cells from the toxicity of O2- during an immune response, and may provide a mechanism for selective killing of infected cells.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Derbin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hunte-McDonough
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Epstein
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002460:Cell Line; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007526:Isoelectric Point; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase