title: Cloning and characterization of the human ADH4 gene.
abstract: Human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) constitutes a set of isozymes and enzymes with different tissue and substrate specificities. The subunits are coded for by at least five gene loci, ADH1-ADH5. We now report the cloning and analysis of the human ADH4 gene coding for the class-II ADH with pi-subunits. The gene spans a region of 21 kb and is divided into nine exons and eight introns. The arrangement is the same as for all analyzed mammalian class-I genes, but the region covered is 50% larger than that in the human class-I genes. The nucleotide (nt) sequences of the exons, exon/intron boundaries and 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions were determined. The transcription start point (tsp) of the ADH4 gene was defined by primer extension and localized to a position 61 nt upstream from the ATG start codon. A TATA box and a CAAT element were identified by homology to consensus sequences for tsp. No DNA structures homologous to the glucocorticoid-responsive elements (GRE) present in the ADH2 gene were found in the upstream region of the ADH4 gene, but two structures with a 70% identity to the GRE consensus sequence were found at nonhomologous locations. The difference and the overall low degree of identity, 41%, of the upstream regions suggest different regulatory mechanisms for the class-I and class-II genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry I, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Bahr-Lindström
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jörnvall
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Höög
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D016385:TATA Box / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase