title: Prostate carcinoma--the value of T stage and grade in predicting metastases and prognosis. A cost-effective approach to clinical staging.
abstract: In order to evaluate the initial T stage and tumour grade as predictors of metastatic disease and prognosis in adenocarcinoma of the prostate, 963 patients were reviewed. Of the patients, 41% presented with metastatic disease. Stage T4 tumours were associated with a consistently poor prognosis, and 70% of such patients had demonstrable distant metastases. No patient with TOf local disease had metastases or died of prostate cancer during follow-up. The incidence of metastases was also low in stages T1 and T2. High tumour grade correlated strongly with more advanced disease. Using this information a more cost-effective approach to the staging of prostate carcinoma is proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Stellenbosch, Parowvallei, CP.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: de Kock
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: de Klerk
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Heyns
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000191:economics; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*