title: Role for tumor necrosis factor as mediator of lung injury following lower torso ischemia.
abstract: Ischemia and reperfusion of the ischemic lower torso lead to a neutrophil- (PMN) dependent lung injury characterized by PMN sequestration and permeability edema. This mimics the injury seen after infusion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), a potent activator of PMN and endothelium. This study tests whether TNF is a mediator of the lung injury after lower torso ischemia. Anesthetized rats underwent 4 h of bilateral hindlimb tourniquet ischemia, followed by reperfusion for 10 min, 30 min, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h (n = 6 for each time point). Quantitative lung histology indicated progressive sequestration of PMN in the lungs, 25 +/- 3 (SE) PMN/10 high-power fields (HPF) 10 min after reperfusion vs. 20 +/- 2 PMN/10 HPF in sham animals (NS), increasing to 53 +/- 5 PMN/10 HPF after 4 h vs. 23 +/- 3 PMN/10 HPF in sham animals (P less than 0.01). There was lung permeability, shown by increasing protein accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, which 4 h after reperfusion was 599 +/- 91 vs. 214 +/- 35 micrograms/ml in sham animals (P less than 0.01). Similarly, there was edema, shown by the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, which increased by 4 h to 4.70 +/- 0.12 vs. 4.02 +/- 0.17 in sham animals (P less than 0.01). There was generation of leukotriene B4 in BAL fluid (720 +/- 140 vs. 240 +/- 40 pg/ml, P less than 0.01), and in three of six rats tested at this time TNF was detected in plasma, with a mean value of 167 pg/ml. TNF was not detectable in any sham animal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Welbourn
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Riordain
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kobzik
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Valeri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shepro
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Hechtman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D055370:Lung Injury; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha