title: The use of uninduced rat liver S-9 to supplement BALB/3T3 cells in the in vitro transformation assay.
abstract: Because of limited inherent capacity to metabolize chemicals to their reactive form, the BALB/3T3 transformation assay using clone A31-1-1 cells requires metabolic supplementation with rodent liver homogenate preparations (S-9). Activation by S-9 is limited, however, by its cytotoxicity to the cells, thus necessitating a reduction in treatment time from the usual 24-72 to 1-4 hr. With cyclophosphamide (CP) as a test chemical, we were able to increase the treatment time to 24 hr by using lower concentrations of cofactors and S-9 prepared from the livers of untreated rats. Statistically significant increases in transformed foci were induced in cultures treated with 50 or 100 micrograms CP/ml in the presence of 100 or 200 micrograms of uninduced rat liver S-9/ml and 76 or 380 micrograms each of NADH, NADP, NADPH, and glucose-6-phosphate per ml of incubation medium.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Toxicology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Randolph
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D003520:Cyclophosphamide