title: Differential hemodynamic effects and tolerance properties of nitroglycerin and an S-nitrosothiol in experimental heart failure.
abstract: S-nitrosothiols are potent in vitro vasodilators, but little is known about their in vivo action. In this study, we compared the effects of S-nitroso N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) and nitroglycerin (NTG) on left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics in congestive heart failure rats. By using a twoday crossover design, stepwise i.v. infusions of SNAP or NTG at 3, 5 and 8 micrograms/min were administered for 30 min each, followed by a dose of 10 micrograms/min over the next 10 h. LV end-diastolic and peak-systolic pressures (LVEDP and LVPSP, respectively) were measured at selected intervals. SNAP and NTG produced maximal LVEDP reductions of 46 and 44%, respectively, at the highest infusion rate. However, at the lower doses, greater reductions of LVEDP were seen with SNAP. NTG had a smaller effect on LVPSP (maximum 6% reduction) than SNAP (maximum reduction of 15%). During the 10-h infusion of NTG, LVEDP gradually returned to base-line values, indicating the development of tolerance, despite relatively constant plasma levels of NTG over the infusion period. Tolerance in LVEDP effects was not observed during the 10-h infusion of SNAP. In the presence of NTG tolerance, rats were still responsive to SNAP (mean reduction of LVEDP 24%), suggesting the absence of cross-tolerance between these two nitrovasodilators. These results suggest that SNAP is a more potent in vivo vasodilator than NTG, has more arterial action than NTG and is less prone to produce LV hemodynamic tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, State University of New York, Buffalo.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Fung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008623:Mercaptoethanol; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D008623:Mercaptoethanol; C032635:S-nitrosomercaptoethanol; D005996:Nitroglycerin