title: Nutritional and toxicological evaluations of kochia hay (Kochia scoparia) fed to lambs.
abstract: Kochia foliage that had tested positive to Dragendorff's reagent (presumptive alkaloids) and had elicited chronic toxicosis when fed to rats was fed to sheep to characterize early stages of kochia toxicosis and evaluate treatments that might improve tolerance. Twelve fine-wool lambs (46 +/- 9 kg BW) were fed chopped kochia hay (35%) mixed with chopped alfalfa hay (65%) for 4 wk. The kochia diet had 14.3% CP and 39.9% ADF. Dry matter intake averaged 3.4% of BW/d. Body weight did not change during 4 wk and blood serum components were not changed from values at the onset. Thereafter, kochia was increased to 50% of diet for five more weeks, during which four treatments were imposed randomly (three lambs/treatment): 1) none; 2) N-acetyl-L-cysteine plus trans-stilbene oxide, 21 and 52 mg/kg of BW, respectively, given i.p. twice weekly; 3) retinyl palmitate, 275 mg, plus alpha-tocopherol, 300 mg/lamb dosed i.m. twice weekly; and 4) zinc sulfate mixed in the feed to provide 500 mg daily. Kochia contained 4.8% oxalate. The diet with 50% kochia had 16% CP and 36% ADF, and digestibility coefficients were 59% for DM, 72% for CP, and 59% for ADF. After 5 wk, blood glucose was elevated slightly, total bilirubin was increased about 1.5-fold (P less than .05), alanine aminotransferase was elevated slightly (P less than .05), and inorganic phosphorus and urea (blood urea N) were diminished (P less than .05); other serum components, including calcium, were unchanged from initial levels (P greater than .10). Treatments had negligible effects for modifying serum signs of mild chronic toxicosis associated with kochia hay fed as 50% of diet.
authors.affiliation: New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003-0003.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rankins
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010939:Plant Poisoning / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013267:Stilbenes; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D015032:Zinc; C025906:stilbene oxide; D000111:Acetylcysteine