title: The SOS-Chromo-spottest: evaluation of a short-term test for the determination of genotoxic compounds in contaminated environmental samples.
abstract: To evaluate the sensitivity of the SOS-Chromo-spottest towards genotoxic compounds 5 reference chemicals (4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO), methylmethansulfonate (MMS), 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF), sodium azide (SA) and daunomycin (DM) were tested by 3 different agar plate media (STA-plates: synthetic media containing Xgal, B-plates: synthetic media containing 1% lactose and bromocresolpurple, C-plates: 1% lactose bromocresolpurple media containing complex nutrients). Even 1 ng of 4-NQO showed genotoxic effects by using STA-plates. The threshold value for MMS was 80 nl, for TNF 160 ng and for DM 80 ng. Similarly the spottest with B-plates are positive results, but the sensitivity of this test procedure was 80 to 250 times lower than the STA-plate test. The C-plate test only reacted with high amounts of 4-NQO (1000 ng). Therefore, the SOS-chromo-spottest with STA-media described by Quillardet and Hofnung seems to be a sufficient procedure to detect genotoxic compounds in contaminated environmental samples directly without previous extraction procedures. The simpler B-plates can be used to examine the genotoxicity of certain compounds like industrial or household chemicals where the genotoxicants can be expected to be present in high doses.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mersch-Sundermann
mesh_terms: D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D001386:Azides / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D003470:Culture Media; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013014:SOS Response, Genetics; D019810:Sodium Azide
chemical_list: D001386:Azides; D003470:Culture Media; D005449:Fluorenes; D009153:Mutagens; D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide; D019810:Sodium Azide; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate; C005644:2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone; D003630:Daunorubicin