title: The response of the three brood Ceriodaphnia test to fifteen formulations and pure compounds in common use.
abstract: The three brood Ceriodaphnia dubia test was carried out on fifteen formulations and pure compounds presently in general use in a variety of treatment processes or as reference toxicants. The most toxic substances (LC50 (based on survival/EC50 (based on total progeny) less than 10 mg/L) were metallic Cu, tertiary dodecyl mercaptan, an antioxidant TIA-RCO T-424, Cu(NO3)2.3H2O, K2Cr2O7, NALCO 7139--a flocculent, DOWFAX 2EP--a surfactant, TB-66--an algicide and ammonia. Exposure to these compounds elicited the same response from C. dubia for the two endpoints examined--survival and reproductive success. Two antimicrobials, PROXEL GXL and DOWICIL 75, and the surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate, were slightly toxic (LC50/EC50 less than 100 mg/L) for both endpoints studied. Two coagulants, NALCO 7109 and NALCO 8120 and a flocculent PERCOL 757 were practically nontoxic (LC50 greater than 100 mg/L) to slightly toxic (LC50 less than 100 mg/L) when the survival endpoint was examined, but were moderately toxic (EC50 less than 10 mg/L) to slightly toxic (EC50 less than 100 mg/L) when the endpoint of reproductive success was examined. These formulations and pure compounds had generally a declining effect on mean brood size, though there were exceptions to this observation as the broods progressed in number.
authors.affiliation: Environment Toxicology and Chemistry Research Laboratory, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674.
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Cowgill
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Milazzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003445:Crustacea; D005618:Fresh Water; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants