title: Euthanasia of mink (Mustela vison) by means of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen (N2).
abstract: The time periods and the behavioural pattern of mink euthanized with carbon dioxide (CO2), 100% and 70%, carbon monoxide (CO), 4%, and nitrogen (N2), 100%, are described. The time between the placement of the animal in a glass box and the first symptoms of incoordination (phase I), the period of loss of consciousness (phase II), and, finally, the coma phase until cessation of respiration (phase III) using three groups each of 10 pastel male mink each were recorded. Phase I times ranged from 14 s for CO2, 31 s for N2, and 49 s for CO. In phase II, the difference was even more pronounced, being 5 s for CO2, 15 s for CO, and 45 s for N2. In phase III, the time was 58 s for N2, 134 s and 151 s for CO2 and CO respectively. Hence, the critical period from the time when the animals were placed in the glass box till unconsciousness occurred (phase I and II) was 19 s for CO2, 64 s for CO, and 76 s for N2. The total course of euthanasia was 153 s for CO2, 215 s for CO, and 134 s for N2. The following minimum times will be required before it can be judged to be safe to remove the animals: CO2 and N2: 5 min, and for CO: 6.5 min. In a supplementary experiment, involving a mixture of 70% CO2 and 30% atmospheric air, it was not possible within the allotted time to kill adult male mink.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Fur Animal Production, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Enggaard Hansen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Creutzberg
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Simonsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D005065:Euthanasia / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D008907:Mink; D009584:Nitrogen; D013997:Time Factors; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D009584:Nitrogen