title: Spatial disorders and computational cures.
abstract: Image averaging provides a powerful method for enhancing the yield of interpretable information from electron micrographs of biological macromolecules. However, as originally conceived, the full benefit of averaging is achieved only with perfectly ordered two-dimensional crystals. More recent developments, reviewed here, allow one to rectify disordered lattices, straighten randomly bent filaments, and combine multiple images of free-standing particles, thus extending the advantages of image averaging to virtually every class of macromolecular specimen.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Structural Biology Research, National Institute for Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Steven
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kocsis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unser
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Trus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003460:Crystallization; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D009132:Muscles / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011108:Polymers; D011506:Proteins / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011506:Proteins