title: Chronic disease risk factors in vitamin/mineral supplement users and nonusers in a farm population.
abstract: Dietary, anthropometric, and chronic disease risk factors (CDRF) in vitamin/mineral supplement users (U) and non-users (NU) were measured in a farm population consisting of 162 subjects (46% females and 54% males; 20-79 years of age, mean age: 52 years). Subjects were white, except for two black males. Supplements were used by 62 subjects (38%); 47% of females and 31% of males used supplements; 43% of subjects over 50 years of age and 32% of subjects age 50 or under used supplements. Both dietary intake and energy expenditure were measured using 4-day records. Indices of adiposity included body weight, BMI, and estimated body fat. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum ferritin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, zinc, copper, and vitamin C were based on 12-hr fasting blood samples. Dietary intake (excluding supplements) for vitamin/mineral U was greater than NU for vitamin C (p = 0.006), thiamin (p = 0.01), riboflavin (p = 0.03), niacin (p = 0.02), folic acid (p = 0.001), vitamin B6 (p = 0.01), and magnesium (p = 0.019). Vitamin C levels were significantly higher and the sum of four skinfolds was significantly lower among U than NU. In this population, 24% of males and 18% of females had TC levels over 240 mg%; 8% of both males and females had blood pressures (BP) greater than 140/90 mm Hg, while 49% of males and 46% of females had BP between 120/80 and 140/90; and 71% of males were more than 25% fat, and 56% of females were more than 35% fat. Despite the high prevalence of CDRF, there were no significant differences between supplement U and NU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Nutrition, and Food Service Management, University of North Carolina, Greensboro 27412-5001.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Bazzarre
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Murdoch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins; D002784:Cholesterol