title: Increased thrombin levels during thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Relevance for the success of therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that thrombolysis in a feedback reaction may generate pro-coagulant activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five patients were treated with urokinase-preactivated prourokinase (n = 35) or tissue-type plasminogen activator (n = 20) for acute myocardial infarction and underwent coronary angiography at 90 minutes and at 24-36 hours into thrombolysis, and fibrinogen (Ratnoff-Menzie), D-dimer (ELISA) and thrombin-antithrombin III complex levels (ELISA) were measured. Primary patency was achieved in 39 patients (70.9%), 13 of whom (33.3%) suffered early reocclusion. Nonsignificant decreases in fibrinogen levels were observed while D-dimer levels increased +3,008 +/- 4,047 micrograms/l (p less than 0.01), differences not being significant in respect to the thrombolytic agents or to the clinical course. In contrast, while thrombin-antithrombin III complex levels decreased -4.4 +/- 13.0 micrograms/l in patients with persistent patency, they increased +7.5 +/- 13.6 micrograms/l in case of nonsuccessful thrombolysis (p less than 0.02) and +11.9 +/- 23.8 micrograms/l in case of early reocclusion (p less than 0.001). For patients with thrombin-antithrombin III complex levels greater than 6 ng/l 120 minutes into thrombolysis, the unfavorable clinical course was predicted with 96.2% sensitivity and 93.1% specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Generation of thrombin, occurring during thrombolysis, is a major determinant for the success of therapy and thrombin-antithrombin III levels may serve as predictors for the short-term prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Hannover Medical School, FRG.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Gulba
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barthels
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westhoff-Bleck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jost
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rafflenbeul
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hecker
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Lichtlen
mesh_terms: D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis*; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis*; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013917:Thrombin / Q000032:analysis*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; D000990:Antithrombin III; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D013917:Thrombin; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator