title: Effect of physical exercise on in vitro production of interleukin 1, interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma.
abstract: The present study was designed to examine the effect of physical exercise on production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Ten young, healthy volunteers underwent 60-min bicycle exercise at 75% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Blood samples were collected before and during the last minutes of exercise, as well as 2 h and 24 h later. Blood mononuclear cells (BMNC) were stimulated in vitro with either bacterial lipopolysaccharide or phytohaemagglutinin, and the supernatants were tested for the above-mentioned cytokines using bioassays as well as ELISA techniques. The production of IL-6 increased significantly 2 h after exercise, furthermore the production of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta was enhanced, although only borderline significant. TNF-alpha, IL-2 and IFN-gamma did not fluctuate in relation to exercise. The increased amounts of IL-1 and IL-6 in the supernatants generated from a fixed number of BMNC are most likely explained by the increased percentage and absolute number of blood monocytes 2 h after exercise. IL-2 and IFN-gamma are mainly produced by CD4+ and CD16+ cells. During exercise the CD4+ subset decreases, while the CD16+ subset increases. The finding of unchanged production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma was therefore expected.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Haahr
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fomsgaard
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tvede
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diamant
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klarlund
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halkjaer-Kristensen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bendtzen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003470:Culture Media; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma