title: [Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator for the emergency treatment of perioperative life-threatening pulmonary embolism (stage IV). Results in 7 patients].
abstract: We report a series of seven patients (age: 43-77 years, preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II-III) with perioperative, life-threatening pulmonary embolism and severe cardiogenic shock treated with recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Diagnosis was established by ECG (n = 7), arterial blood gas analysis (n = 7), massive elevation of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP: 40 +/- 6 mmHg SD, n = 7), echocardiography (n = 3), increased arterial/end-tidal CO2 difference (30 +/- 16 mmHg, n = 3), and pulmonary angiography (n = 4). All patients had to be ventilated, six with an FIO2 of 1.0. To achieve a mean arterial pressure of above 60 mmHg all patients received norepinephrine 0.4 +/- 0.2 microgram.kg-1.min-1 in combination with dopamine 11 +/- 5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 (n = 6), epinephrine 0.13 +/- 0.04 microgram.kg-1.min-1 (n = 5) or dobutamine 14 +/- 6 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 (n = 3). In addition, six of seven patients had to be resuscitated by external chest compression (duration of resuscitation: 5 to 40 min) prior to or during the thrombolytic therapy. The dosages of rt-PA ranged from 10 to 150 mg, and the duration of administration up to 31 h. Six patients survived neurologically intact. In these six patients MPAP had decreased from 41 +/- 6 mmHg to 33 +/- 6 mmHg (P less than 0.05, Wilcoxon rank test) 2 h after the start of thrombolytic therapy, with concomitant reduction of vasopressor and inotropic support.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Klinische Anaesthesiologie, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Hopf
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Flossdorf
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breulmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012151:Resuscitation; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator
vernacular_title: Rekombinanter Gewebeplasminogenaktivator (rt-PA) zur Notfallbehandlung der perioperativen lebensbedrohlichen Lungenembolie (Stadium IV). Ergebnisse bei sieben Patienten.