An extra X chromosome effect on craniofacial morphogenesis in men.
A comparative study of the craniofacial complex in men with an extra X chromosome, and normal male and female individuals was carried out using cephalometric radiography. The anterior cranial base, anterior and posterior facial height, maxillary base and ascending ramus were found to be significantly decreased in men with Klinefelter syndrome when compared to the male control group. Significant differences in the lengths of mandibular base and posterior cranial base were not found. When compared to the female control, all structures examined were significantly increased, except for the maxillary base.
Institute of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Stomatology, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
M
M
Babić
M
M
Mićić
N
N
Jaksić
S
S
Mićić
D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D002680:Chin / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D012886:Skull / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D014716:Vertical Dimension; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000502:physiology*