Quantitative analysis of protein synthesis in mouse embryos. I. Extensive reprogramming at the one- and two-cell stages.
A quantitative, high-resolution, two-dimensional gel protein database has been constructed for the mouse embryo. This database has been used to obtain a detailed accounting of the amount and relative timing of changes in protein synthesis that occur during the 1-, 2-, and 4-cell stages along with a description of the most prevalent developmentally regulated patterns of synthesis. We find that during these early stages of development the pattern of proteins synthesized changes to a much greater extent than previously appreciated. During the 1- and 2-cell stages, the majority (60% and 85%, respectively) of the analyzed proteins exhibit twofold or greater changes in their rates of synthesis. The periods of greatest change are the late 1-cell and mid 2-cell stages, during which an extensive remodelling of protein synthetic pattern occurs that is largely complete by 15 h following the first cleavage. Once this reprogramming is complete, very little change is observed during the late 2-cell and 4-cell stages. Cluster analysis of individual protein synthesis patterns reveals a limited number of coordinately regulated protein sets that are responsible for most of the changes observed during the 1- and 2-cell stages. During the 2-cell stage, one third of the proteins increase by an average of fivefold, another third decrease by an average of sevenfold, and 10% undergo transient changes in rates of synthesis. These patterns reflect the switch from zygotic to maternal mRNA utilization following transcriptional activation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Latham
K E
KE
Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
Garrels
J I
JI
Chang
C
C
Solter
D
D
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005326:Fetal Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains
D005326:Fetal Proteins