Zespol. An original method of stable osteosynthesis.
Poor clinical results with autocompression plates and six years of biochemical investigations, have led to the conclusion that a plate should not be tightened directly to a bone. Consequently, in 1979, platform screws and special autocompression plates were invented. These were later developed into the original system of stable osteosynthesis called Zespol. The system consists of a plate, platform screws, and nuts that together form a small clamp fixator. The Zespol system enables a surgeon to perform compression, neutralization (protecting) contact, and bridging osteosynthesis. In all types of osteosynthesis, the Zespol fixator can be used either internally or externally. From June 1982 through December 1988, Zespol was applied in 1295 osteosyntheses (850 fractures and 445 pseudoarthroses). The average healing time of fractures was 18 weeks, and in cases of nonunions, 21 weeks. Second operations were required in 5.1% of cases, generally with good or fair results. The overall final results were 97.9% good and fair, and 2.1% poor.
Orthopaedics and Trauma Clinic of Clinical Medicine Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
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W
Ramotowski
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R
Granowski
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000628:therapy*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome