Central nervous system infarction related to cocaine abuse.
BACKGROUND
Cocaine use in the United States has reached epidemic proportions, and increased availability of "crack" since 1983 has noticeably increased the incidence of neurovascular complications. In this report, we examine the relationship between cocaine use and ischemic infarct.


RESULTS
This study reports 18 cases of ischemic cerebrovascular events, which occurred among 15 men and three women aged 21-47 years who were evaluated in a 2-year period. Clinical presentations include thirteen cases with hemispheric infarcts, two brain stem strokes, two anterior spinal artery infarcts, and one with both hemispheric and cerebellar infarcts. Nine patients smoked crack, four snorted cocaine, and three injected it intravenously. In two cases, the route of administration could not be determined. Two patients died, but the other survived with various degrees of neurological deficit.


CONCLUSIONS
Traditional risk factors for strokes were identified in only six patients, suggesting that these factors are not necessary for the occurrence of a cocaine-related infarct. Multiple overlapping mechanisms may be responsible, including vasospasm, sudden onset of hypertension, myocardial infarction with cardiac arrhythmias, increased platelet aggregation, and vasculitis.
Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, Metropolitan Hospital, New York 10029.
M
M
Daras
A J
AJ
Tuchman
S
S
Marks
D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016578:Crack Cocaine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000453:epidemiology
D016578:Crack Cocaine