Determination of G-protein levels, ADP-ribosylation by cholera and pertussis toxins and the regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity in liver plasma membranes from lean and genetically diabetic (db/db) mice.
Liver plasma membranes prepared from genetically diabetic (db/db) mice expressed levels of Gi alpha-2, Gi alpha-3 and G-protein beta-subunits that were reduced by some 75, 63 and 73% compared with levels seen in membranes from lean animals. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the expression of the 42 and 45 kDa forms of Gs alpha-subunits. Pertussis toxin-catalysed ADP-ribosylation of membranes from lean animals identified a single 41 kDa band whose labelling was reduced by some 86% in membranes from diabetic animals. Cholera toxin-catalysed ADP-ribosylation identified two forms of Gs alpha-subunits whose labelling was about 4-fold greater in membranes from diabetic animals compared with those from lean animals. Maximal stimulations of adenylyl cyclase activity by forskolin (100 microM), GTP (100 microM), p[NH]ppG (100 microM), NaF (10 mM) and glucagon (10 microM) were similar in membranes from lean and diabetic animals, whereas stimulation by isoprenaline (100 microM) was lower by about 22%. Lower concentrations (EC50-60 nM) of p[NH]ppG were needed to activate adenylyl cyclase in membranes from diabetic animals compared to those from lean animals (EC50-158 nM). As well as causing activation, p[NH]ppG was capable of eliciting a pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibitory effect upon forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in membranes from both lean and diabetic animals. However, maximal inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity in membranes from diabetic animals was reduced to around 60% of that found using membranes from lean animals. Pertussis toxin-treatment in vivo enhanced maximal stimulation of adenylyl cyclase by glucagon, isoprenaline and p[NH]ppG through a process suggested to be mediated by the abolition of functional Gi activity. The lower levels of expression of G-protein beta-subunits, in membranes from diabetic compared with lean animals, is suggested to perturb the equilibria between holomeric and dissociated G-protein subunits. We suggest that this may explain both the enhanced sensitivity of adenylyl cyclase to stimulation by p[NH]ppG in membranes from diabetic animals and the altered ability of pertussis and cholera toxins to catalyse the ADP-ribosylation of G-proteins in membranes from these two animals.
Palmer
T M
TM
Molecular Pharmacology Group, University of Glasgow, U.K.
Houslay
M D
MD
D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism*; D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000494:pharmacology; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology
D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D005576:Colforsin; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D005934:Glucagon; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D007545:Isoproterenol