Ofloxacin.
Ofloxacin is a newly licensed fluoroquinolone with an antimicrobial spectrum similar to ciprofloxacin. Compared with ciprofloxacin, the MIC90 values for ofloxacin are lower for S aureus, C trachomatis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum, but somewhat higher against gram-negative bacteria (especially P aeruginosa). Ofloxacin has favorable pharmacokinetics with almost 100% bioavailability; peak serum concentrations obtained one to two hours following oral dosing are higher than those achieved with ciprofloxacin. The oral bioavailability is decreased by the coadministration of antacids, but ofloxacin does not alter serum theophylline concentrations. Ofloxacin has demonstrated bacteriologic and clinical efficacy in the treatment of urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, prostatitis, and skin and soft tissue infections caused by susceptible organisms, although there are little data to recommend ofloxacin over ciprofloxacin for these indications. Ofloxacin should not be used alone to treat anaerobic or mixed aerobic/anaerobic infections, and a penicillin or cephalosporin is preferred for known or suspected streptococcal or pneumococcal infection. Ofloxacin is the only quinolone currently approved for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. It also is effective therapy for nongonococcal urethritis, although the tetracyclines are much less expensive. Ofloxacin has a good safety profile, but, as with other fluoroquinolones, it should not be used in children or in pregnant or nursing women. Further comparative trials may broaden the range of infections that can be treated with ofloxacin.
Tunkel
A R
AR
Department of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19129.
Scheld
W M
WM
D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D015242:Ofloxacin