Evaluation of seven in vitro alternatives for ocular safety testing.
Seven in vitro assays were evaluated to determine if any were useful as screening procedures in ocular safety assessment. Seventeen test materials (chemicals, household cleaners, hand soaps, dishwashing liquids, shampoos, and liquid laundry detergents) were tested in each assay. In vivo ocular irritation scores for the materials were obtained from existing rabbit low volume eye test (LVET) data. The seven assays evaluated included the silicon microphysiometer (SM), luminescent bacteria toxicity test (LBT), neutral red assay (NR), total protein assay (TP), Tetrahymena thermophila motility assay (TTMA), bovine eye/chorioallantoic membrane assay (BE/CAM), and the EYTEX system (ETS). For the seventeen materials used in this study there was a significant correlation between the in vivo irritant potential and in vitro data for all the tests except the EYTEX System (SM, r = -0.87; LBT, r = -0.91; NR, r = -0.85; TTMA, r = 0.78; TP, r = -0.86; ETS, r = 0.29). The irritation classifications provided by the BE/CAM also did not correspond with the actual in vivo irritancy potential of the test materials. The result of this study suggested it may be possible to classify materials into broad irritancy categories with some of the assays. This would allow their use as screens prior to limited in vivo confirmation in the ocular safety assessment process.
Procter & Gamble Company, In Vitro Ocular Toxicology Laboratory, Miami Valley Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio 45239-8707.
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Bruner
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Kain
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Roberts
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Parker
D000481:Allantoin / Q000502:physiology; D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002823:Chorion / Q000187:drug effects; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D009499:Neutral Red; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000187:drug effects; D011199:Potentiometry; D013768:Tetrahymena / Q000187:drug effects
D005136:Eye Proteins; D007509:Irritants; D009499:Neutral Red; D000481:Allantoin