Optometric findings in the fragile X syndrome.
Fragile X syndrome (fra X) is one of the most significant discoveries in the area of mental retardation in the past 2 decades. Although hundreds of articles and two text-books have been written on the subject, only two studies have been published in the ophthalmic literature. This paper provides a brief review of the syndrome and reports on the ocular findings of 30 subjects with this genetic abnormality. We found that 30% of the subjects exhibited strabismus. Of those with strabismus, 70% were esotropes. Fifty-nine percent of the eyes evaluated (N = 58) showed hyperopia of +1.00 D or greater, 17% myopia of -1.00 D or greater, and 22% had at least 1.00 D of astigmatism. Major ocular health abnormalities were not identified in any of our subjects. The optometrist, as the primary eye care provider, should diagnose and treat these oculo-visual dysfunctions.
Maino
D M
DM
Department of Pediatrics & Binocular Vision, Illinois College of Optometry, Chicago.
Wesson
M
M
Schlange
D
D
Cibis
G
G
Maino
J H
JH
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis*