Utilization of health services in a cohort of intravenous drug users with known HIV-1 serostatus.
BACKGROUND
Intravenous drug users (IVDUs) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS often have no health insurance or rely on public programs to finance their health care. We examined the independent contributions of HIV serostatus, clinical symptoms, CD4 cell counts, and health insurance to utilization of health services among 1881 intravenous drug users in Baltimore, Maryland.


METHODS
Participants in an ongoing natural history study of HIV were informed of HIV serostatus and seropositives were informed of CD4 cell counts; 6 months later, participants were administered a questionnaire concerning self-reported use of health services, insurance coverage, and HIV-related symptoms.


RESULTS
Of 1881 participants, 67% had health insurance (including Medicaid), 48% had at least one outpatient visit, and 12% had at least one inpatient visit within the prior 6 months. The proportion of the study population that was HIV-1 seropositive was 32%. In multivariate analysis, the single most important predictor of health care utilization was the presence of two or more HIV-related clinical symptoms. HIV positive serostatus alone or known low CD4 counts were not significantly associated with use of health care services.


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that HIV seropositive IVDUs are not receiving recommended preventive care. Additional efforts will be needed to ensure that HIV-seropositive drug users participate in currently recommended protocols for early treatment of asymptomatic HIV-1 infection.
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
L
L
Solomon
R
R
Frank
D
D
Vlahov
J
J
Astemborski
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015142:Baltimore; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006304:Health Status; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007348:Insurance, Health; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010548:Personal Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications*
D015704:CD4 Antigens