Effect of drugs on the lethality in mice of the venoms and neurotoxins from sundry snakes.
I investigated the efficacy of 10 drugs with respect to reducing the lethality in mice of the following venoms and their respective neurotoxins: Bungarus caeruleus venom; Bungarus multicinctus venom, alpha-bungarotoxin, beta-bungarotoxin; Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, crotoxin: Notechis scutatus scutatus venom; Oxyuranus scutellatus venom, taipoxin. The drugs diltiazem, nicergoline, primaquine, verapamil and vesamicol protected mice from the lethality of B. caeruleus venom, B. multicinctus venom, and/or beta-bungarotoxin. Dexamethasone provided protection from B. multicinctus venom, beta-bungarotoxin, crotoxin, O. scutellatus venom and taipoxin. Protective activity resided in amphiphilic drugs and correlated with the charge on the drug at physiological pH. Protection from lethality was maximal when the drugs were administered immediately after injection of the venom or toxin. Nifedipine, piracetam and reserpine provided no protection from any of the venoms or toxins tested.
Pathophysiology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702-5011.
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Crosland
D000818:Animals; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D009530:Nicergoline / Q000494:pharmacology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010889:Piracetam / Q000494:pharmacology; D011319:Primaquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012110:Reserpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D012911:Snakes / Q000502:physiology*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; D009498:Neurotoxins; D010880:Piperidines; D012910:Snake Venoms; C006189:vesamicol; D003907:Dexamethasone; D012110:Reserpine; D014700:Verapamil; D004110:Diltiazem; D009543:Nifedipine; D009530:Nicergoline; D011319:Primaquine; D010889:Piracetam