Role of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and lymphokine-activated killer cells in AIDS and related diseases.
This overview summarizes current knowledge on the overall efficacy and potential contribution of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and lymphokine-activated killer cell (LAK) activities in evoking non-major histocompatibility complex (non-MHC) cytolytic responses to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected targets. High titers of ADCC antibodies to the HIV-1 virion are present in HIV-1-seropositive populations at all stages of disease. These antibodies are broadly reactive with a large number of HIV-1 strains and are predominantly directed against envelope determinants spanning both gp120 and gp41. However, the relative ability of natural killer (NK) effectors, derived from HIV-seropositive individuals, to evoke ADCC responses becomes increasingly impaired with disease progression. HIV-1-seropositive individuals also show marked decreases in both production of and responsiveness to interleukin-2 (IL-2). HIV-1-seropositive individuals generally have the ability to generate ex vivo propagated LAK cells; however, these cytolytic effectors are less effective than their counterparts derived from healthy controls. Increased understanding and control of non-MHC-restricted cytotoxic-responses to HIV, and their induction by lymphokines, may lead to improved treatment strategies for the management of AIDS and related diseases.
Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
B G
BG
Brenner
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C
Gryllis
M A
MA
Wainberg
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated / Q000276:immunology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000502:physiology
D007376:Interleukin-2; D008222:Lymphokines