Quantitative analysis of protein synthesis in mouse embryos. I. Extensive reprogramming at the one- and two-cell stages.
A quantitative, high-resolution, two-dimensional gel protein database has been constructed for the mouse embryo. This database has been used to obtain a detailed accounting of the amount and relative timing of changes in protein synthesis that occur during the 1-, 2-, and 4-cell stages along with a description of the most prevalent developmentally regulated patterns of synthesis. We find that during these early stages of development the pattern of proteins synthesized changes to a much greater extent than previously appreciated. During the 1- and 2-cell stages, the majority (60% and 85%, respectively) of the analyzed proteins exhibit twofold or greater changes in their rates of synthesis. The periods of greatest change are the late 1-cell and mid 2-cell stages, during which an extensive remodelling of protein synthetic pattern occurs that is largely complete by 15 h following the first cleavage. Once this reprogramming is complete, very little change is observed during the late 2-cell and 4-cell stages. Cluster analysis of individual protein synthesis patterns reveals a limited number of coordinately regulated protein sets that are responsible for most of the changes observed during the 1- and 2-cell stages. During the 2-cell stage, one third of the proteins increase by an average of fivefold, another third decrease by an average of sevenfold, and 10% undergo transient changes in rates of synthesis. These patterns reflect the switch from zygotic to maternal mRNA utilization following transcriptional activation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
K E
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Latham
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JI
Garrels
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C
Chang
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Solter
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005326:Fetal Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains
D005326:Fetal Proteins