Influence of surface characteristics on bone integration of titanium implants. A histomorphometric study in miniature pigs.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different surface characteristics on bone integration of titanium implants. Hollow-cylinder implants with six different surfaces were placed in the metaphyses of the tibia and femur in six miniature pigs. After 3 and 6 weeks, the implants with surrounding bone were removed and analyzed in undecalcified transverse sections. The histologic examination revealed direct bone-implant contact for all implants. However, the morphometric analyses demonstrated significant differences in the percentage of bone-implant contact, when measured in cancellous bone. Electropolished as well as the sandblasted and acid pickled (medium grit; HF/HNO3) implant surfaces had the lowest percentage of bone contact with mean values ranging between 20 and 25%. Sandblasted implants with a large grit and titanium plasma-sprayed implants demonstrated 30-40% mean bone contact. The highest extent of bone-implant interface was observed in sandblasted and acid attacked surfaces (large grit; HCl/H2SO4) with mean values of 50-60%, and hydroxylapatite (HA)-coated implants with 60-70%. However, the HA coating consistently revealed signs of resorption. It can be concluded that the extent of bone-implant interface is positively correlated with an increasing roughness of the implant surface.
Buser
D
D
Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Switzerland.
Schenk
R K
RK
Steinemann
S
S
Fiorellini
J P
JP
Fox
C H
CH
Stich
H
H
D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D005269:Femur / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013499:Surface Properties; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
D014025:Titanium