Insulin-resistance and lipoprotein abnormalities.
Resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is associated with an increased rate of synthesis and secretion of VLDL-triglycerides and, in the absence of adequate removal capacity, with hypertriglyceridemia. Subjects with a low glucose disposal rate or a high degree of insulin resistance (as measured by the euglycemic hyperinsulin clamp technique) have also decreased HDL cholesterol levels. The recent developments in the chemistry of lipoproteins indicate that the physicochemically defined lipoproteins such as VLDL, IDL, LDL or HDL are both chemically and metabolically heterogeneous. According to the Alaupovic concept, the plasma lipoprotein system consists of a mixture of particles, each of which is characterized by a unique apolipoprotein composition. Using enzyme-linked differential antibody immunosorbent assay and differential electroimmunoassay, we have discovered that the determination of lipoprotein particle profiles is essential for further clarification of the diagnostic value of measuring apo B and apo A-I. The metabolism of apo B and apo A-I containing lipoprotein particles seems to be affected primarily by their corresponding apolipoprotein composition. Some particular subpopulations of apo B containing lipoprotein particles, such as LpB containing only apo B, LpB:E containing apo B and (a) have been identified as important risk factors in atherosclerosis. We have also recently demonstrated that the protective effect of HDL is due to particles containing apo A-I but not apo A-II (LpA-I), while have little or have no effect those containing apo A-I and apo A-II (LpA-I:A-II). Non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients (NIDDM) are characterized by increased concentrations of cholesteryl ester rich LpB and triglyceride rich LpB:C-III and LpB:E.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Serlia et U. INSERM 325, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France.
D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000737:chemistry; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors
D001053:Apolipoproteins; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008074:Lipoproteins