Hypospadias after assisted reproduction incorporating in vitro fertilization and gamete intrafallopian transfer.
OBJECTIVE
To determine incidence of hypospadias in infants born as a result of assisted reproductive technology (ART).


METHODS
Prospective data collection.


METHODS
Parents with various forms of infertility attended an in-hospital in vitro fertilization program.


METHODS
Two of the 53 male infants, conceived as a result of ART over a 3-year period, were born with hypospadias.


METHODS
Patient no. 1 underwent follicular stimulation (17 ampules of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), followed by 10,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 60 hours after the last hMG). Patient no. 2 underwent follicular stimulation with clomiphene citrate 100 mg/d from days 3 to 7, followed by 14 ampules of hMG starting day 6, and 10,000 IU of hCG 30 hours after her last hMG.


METHODS
All infants were examined in the immediate postpartum period for congenital anomalies.


RESULTS
Infant no. 1, one of a set of dizygotic twins, had penoscrotal hypospadias, with normal renal sonogram and chromosomal studies. Infant no. 2 had glandular hypospadias with the urinary meatus displaced to the border of the glans.


CONCLUSIONS
This high incidence raises concern about possible links between assisted reproduction and hypospadias.
Macnab
A J
AJ
Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
Zouves
C
C
D000328:Adult; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D015181:Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008596:Menotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use
D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D002996:Clomiphene; D008596:Menotropins