Tactile-kinesthetic system of rats as an animal model for minimal brain dysfunction.
A previous study showed that rats exposed to methylmercury during development exhibit effects similar to those described for children with minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), namely, hyperactivity, altered locomotion structure, and unaltered learning ability, but reduced and more variable attention spans induced by increasing difficulties within an operant learning paradigm. Psychopathological studies suggest that behavioral disturbances of the MBD type may originate directly or indirectly from deficiencies in the tactile-kinesthetic system. This sensory modality is the main mechanism by which an individual organism assimilates reality. Deficiencies in the tactile-kinesthetic system impair the action of the equilibration processes (in Piaget's sense) which ensure that the stages of psychological development occur in an orderly sequence. The lack of this control over development may result in the behavioral characteristics of MBD. Problems with the tactile-kinesthetic system may also be the reason for the deficiencies of fine motor control in MBD children. In an attempt to extrapolate this interpretation of human psychopathological mechanisms to experimental animals, an operant paradigm was developed for the assessment of the tactile-kinesthetic system of rats, the schedule of "differential reinforcement of force range" (DRF). Rats were trained to press in discrete trials a force sensitive lever during at least 1 s between two force thresholds of 60 and 80 g without any feedback other than the rats' own tactile-kinesthetic perception. Offspring of rat dams exposed to 1.5 and 5 mg/l methylmercury-chloride in their drinking water from 2 weeks before pairing until weaning, exhibited a clearcut performance deficit (approximately 25% correct responses compared to approximately 50% of the controls).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Institute of Toxicology, ETH, Switzerland.
J
J
Elsner
D000818:Animals; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007699:Kinesthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology*
D008767:Methylmercury Compounds