Hypoxia and cyanosis in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Cirrhosis as an unusual etiologic factor.
A patient with type PiZZ alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency was found to have severe hypoxia despite normal pulmonary function testing and a normal chest radiograph. A nuclear medicine ventilation-perfusion study revealed a right-to-left shunt. Computed tomography showed minimal bleb formation, no diffuse changes, and hepatic changes of cirrhosis with portal hypertension. No nodular pulmonary masses or enlarged peripheral pulmonary vessels were found. The diagnosis of diffuse intrapulmonic arteriovenous shunts ("pulmonary spiders of cirrhosis") was suggested and then confirmed with a dynamic radionuclide flow study.
Feuerstein
I M
IM
Diagnostic Radiology Department, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md 20892.
Martin
P
P
Simon
T R
TR
D003490:Cyanosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014692:Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio; D019896:alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency