Vitamin E as adjuvant in emulsified vaccine for chicks.
Mineral oil was partially replaced with D, L-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E) in bacterial and viral inactivated emulsified vaccines. Vitamin E increased the immune response to the viral antigen (Newcastle disease virus) used but not to the bacterial antigen (Escherichia coli) when its presence in the oil phase did not exceed 30%. Inoculated vitamin E may have enhanced the immune response by interacting with the immune-competent cells involved in the inflammatory reaction that followed inoculation of emulsified vaccines.
Istituto di Zoocolture, Università di Bologna, Italy.
A
A
Franchini
M
M
Canti
G
G
Manfreda
S
S
Bertuzzi
G
G
Asdrubali
C
C
Franciosi
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology*; D004655:Emulsions; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D008297:Male; D008899:Mineral Oil; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000276:immunology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D004655:Emulsions; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D014810:Vitamin E; D008899:Mineral Oil