title: Smoking history and survival among lung cancer patients.
abstract: Two population-based case-control studies of lung cancer were conducted on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii, between 1979 and 1985. Interview information concerning smoking habits and other characteristics was obtained from a total of 463 men and 212 women with histologically confirmed lung cancer. Records from the Hawaii Tumor Registry were reviewed for information on the stage, histology, and follow-up status of these patients. Cigarette smoking was found to be positively related to the age-adjusted risk of death among women (relative risk (RR) = 1.6; 95 percent confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-2.4), but not among men (RR = 0.8; 95 percent CI = 0.5-1.2). Among women, the age-adjusted median survival time for never smokers was 33 months (n = 53) compared with a median survival of 18 months (n = 159) for smokers. Both past and current female smokers were at greater risk of death than never-smokers, and there was a significant trend in the risk of death by the number of cigarettes smoked per day (P = 0.04), and the age at which the subjects started smoking (P = 0.01). The effects of tumor stage and histology upon the association between tobacco smoking and survival were also explored.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96813.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Kolonel
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wilkens
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Le Marchand
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015996:Survival Rate