Startle and emotion: lateral acoustic probes and the bilateral blink.
The affect-startle effect describes the modulation of the reflexive eyeblink response to a probe startle stimulus as a function of foreground emotional valence. Larger blinks occur during viewing of unpleasant slide foregrounds, relative to positive foregrounds. This effect has been obtained repeatedly using binaural acoustic startle probes. The current study examines this phenomenon for monaural probes administered to the left and right ears in separate blocks. Startle probes were presented during and between exposures to pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant slides, with the ear of presentation counterbalanced across subjects. Left monaural probes produced blink magnitudes that increased linearly from pleasant to unpleasant slide foregrounds, and appeared to be independent of attention or interest. Right monaural probes did not vary with foreground valence. These findings suggest that the startle probe indexes emotional processing that is lateralized in the central nervous system.
Bradley
M M
MM
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
Cuthbert
B N
BN
Lang
P J
PJ
D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001307:Auditory Perception; D001767:Blinking; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D013216:Reflex, Startle