title: Interferon-alpha with zidovudine: safety, tolerance, and clinical and virologic effects in patients with Kaposi sarcoma associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate safety, tolerance, and potential efficacy of interferon-alpha and zidovudine combination therapy in patients with Kaposi sarcoma and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Open, phase-I study with randomization between two preparations of interferon-alpha.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient clinic of a cancer research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients with Kaposi sarcoma associated with AIDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were treated with interferon-alpha, 4.5, 9, or 18 million U/d, and zidovudine, 100 or 200 mg orally every 4 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neutropenia was the major dose-limiting toxicity. Fatigue, liver enzyme elevation, anemia, and thrombocytopenia were dose-limiting in some patients. Maximum tolerated dosages for interferon-alpha 2a with zidovudine, respectively, were 4.5 million U/d with 200 mg every 4 hours or 18 million U/d with 100 mg every 4 hours. An interferon-alpha n1 [corrected] dosage of 9 million U/d with zidovudine dosages of either 100 or 200 mg every 4 hours induced dose-limiting toxicity in most patients. Of 37 evaluable patients, 17 (46%; 95% CI, 30% to 62%) showed complete or partial tumor regression. Antitumor effects occurred more frequently in patients with baseline CD4 counts above 200 x 10(6) cells/L (65%) than in patients with lower baseline counts (30%, P = 0.05). Effects on CD4 cells were related to both initial CD4 count and interferon dose. Increased skin test reactivity and decreased serum human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigen and virus recovery from blood cells were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined therapy with interferon-alpha and zidovudine can be safely administered to patients with AIDS and Kaposi sarcoma. The observed effects on tumor growth, HIV replication, and immune function support further studies of the combination in patients at various stages of HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Krown
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Niedzwiecki
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bundow
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Flomenberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gansbacher
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Brew
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D000328:Adult; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000187:drug effects; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D015683:Gene Products, gag; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D007370:Interferon Type I; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; D015215:Zidovudine