title: HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in urine from seropositive individuals.
abstract: HIV-1 neutralizing activity was demonstrated in serum and 200-fold concentrated urine from individuals who were HIV-1 antibody positive in both their serum and urine, including AIDS-KS, AIDS-OI, ARC, and asymptomatic patients. Virus neutralization activity was detected in 23 of 56 (41.1%) of the serum samples and in 19 of 56 (33.9%) of the urine samples tested, with titers ranging from 1:8 to 1:256 and 1:1 to 1:4, respectively. The highest frequency of HIV-1 neutralizing activity (87.5%) and the highest mean neutralization titers (1:65) were found in the ARC patients. A high prevalence of p24 antigen in serum and low numbers of T4-lymphocytes correlated with a low frequency of neutralizing activity in either serum or urine in the infected individuals. HIV-1 neutralizing activity in the urine was shown to be due to immunoglobulins using a Sephadex G-100 filtration gel. All 19 urine samples with neutralizing activity contained antibodies reactive with envelope glycoproteins gp160, gp120, and gp41 by Western blot, similar to that seen with serum. The frequency of HIV-1 neutralizing activity in the urine concentrates was generally associated with high titers of neutralizing antibody in the corresponding serum. These findings suggest that HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies are lost in the urine by an as yet unknown mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016.
authors.forename: Y Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Friedman-Kien
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirabile
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dieterich
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000386:AIDS-Related Complex / Q000276:immunology; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000276:immunology; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000276:immunology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine*; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000276:immunology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000652:urine; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000276:immunology; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000150:complications; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015686:Gene Products, env; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015488:HIV Antigens; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014758:Viral Core Proteins