title: Inactivation of foot and mouth disease virus in skimmed milk with propionic acid, citric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
abstract: In order to protect farm animals from infections such as foot and mouth disease (FMD) and tuberculosis, the pasteurisation of milk and milk products designated for the feeding of animals is compulsory in Switzerland. Nowadays, milk products are often treated chemically with acids or with hydrogen peroxide in order to keep bacterial contamination low. The capacity of these chemical treatments to inactivate FMD virus in skimmed milk within 6 h at 5 degrees C was tested in this study. The results indicated that the addition of 0.1%-0.3% of consumable acids, such as citric acid or propionic acid, could not guarantee the complete inactivation of FMD virus in skimmed milk. Similar results were obtained both with FMD virus deliberately added to skimmed milk and with skimmed milk obtained from naturally infected cows. Hydrogen peroxide in concentrations of 0.1%-0.3% was also an ineffective means of controlling the risk of FMD virus transmission from contaminated milk.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Viruskrankheiten und Immunprophylaxe, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sonder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kihm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005537:Aphthovirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019343:Citric Acid; D005260:Female; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000382:microbiology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D011422:Propionates; D019343:Citric Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C029658:propionic acid