The endogenous regulation of mosquito reproductive behavior.
Most female mosquitoes require a meal of blood that provides protein for egg maturation. For reproduction to occur, two behavioral sequences are essential. One is concerned with finding a host for the blood meal and the other in finding a site on which to lay the eggs that result. Stimuli from both hosts and oviposition sites initiate the reproductive behaviors of host-seeking and pre-oviposition, respectively, that are discussed in this review. After sensory receptors perceive these stimuli, the central nervous system must integrate the information and associate it with a biologically appropriate response. Host-seeking appears to be the default behavior, expressed whenever host stimuli are present. However, if the female is successful in locating a host and ingesting blood, subsequent host-seeking is inhibited when the meal distends the abdomen above a certain threshold. Host-seeking inhibition continues during egg development as a result of a humoral mechanism even after the blood volume has been reduced by digestion. At the time when eggs are maturing and host-seeking is inhibited, pre-oviposition behavior predominates if the central nervous system receives oviposition site stimuli. This behavior is also initiated by a humoral factor. Several physiological states, including insemination, age, and nutrition, can modulate both host-seeking and pre-oviposition behaviors.
Klowden
M J
MJ
Division of Entomology, University of Idaho, Moscow 83843.
D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001769:Blood; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D009033:Culicidae / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000502:physiology; D010058:Oviposition; D012098:Reproduction; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance