title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: how to follow affected patients.
abstract: The retinopathy caused by antimalarials is well known. The differences between antimalarials and daily and cumulative doses are important factors in predicting the development of retinopathy. None of the commonly used tests alone are satisfactory for detecting early retinal changes. We recommend baseline color fundus photographs and automated central visual fields to follow these patients every nine to 12 months. Between these examinations, Amsler grid testing is adequate for screening for early defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas, Houston.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Saatci
mesh_terms: D002738:Chloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010781:Photography; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D006886:Hydroxychloroquine; D002738:Chloroquine