title: Characterization of FCE 22101-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and the effect of FCE 22101 upon the activity of anti-pseudomonal beta-lactams for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
abstract: Twenty-five strains of Enterobacteriaceae (five each of Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, Morganella morganii, and Providencia stuartii) were exposed to FCE 22101 in agar containing 3, 5, or 10 x the MIC. Any putative mutant with a greater than or equal to four-fold increase in the MIC was examined for beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein (OMP) profile. Mutant colonies were selected at a frequency of 10(-7)-10(-11) with decreased susceptibility to FCE 22101 and other beta-lactams, but after one subculture on antibiotic-free agar the mutants from 13 of the 25 strains reverted to wild-type. Only 19 stable mutants were selected from the other 12 wild-type strains, of which 15 lacked an OMP of similar molecular size to OmpF, and/or a low size OMP of approximately 18 kDa. None of the mutants had a significant alteration in expression of Richmond & Sykes class I beta-lactamase. In a separate section of the study in which 50 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined, it was found that FCE 22101, at a concentration of 4 mg/L, induced beta-lactamase expression such that, after 24 h exposure, 24 of the 50 strains had a greater than or equal to four-fold rise in the MIC of several anti-pseudomonal beta-lactams.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Piddock
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Traynor
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects*; D009154:Mutation; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015780:Carbapenems; C040033:ritipenem