title: Binding of an optically pure photoaffinity analogue of verapamil, LU-49888, to P-glycoprotein from multidrug-resistant human leukemic cell lines.
abstract: Verapamil enhances anticancer drug cytotoxicity in multidrug resistant (MDR) cells, apparently by competing with these agents for binding to P-glycoprotein (Pgp). In this study, we provide direct evidence for this competition. We studied the binding of an optically pure photoaffinity analogue of verapamil, (S)-5-[(3-azidophenylethyl)-[N-methyl-3H]- methylamino]-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-isopropylvaleronitrile (LU-49888), to Pgp from MDR cell lines. LU-49888 specifically labeled a single Mr 170,0000 protein that was identified as Pgp on Western blots and also by specific immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibody C-219. A 200-fold molar excess of vinblastine or vincristine specifically inhibited this binding by greater than 98%. LU-49888 labeling of Pgp was also inhibited by actinomycin D (45%), podophyllotoxin (47%), and amsacrine (82%), marginally by doxorubicin (25%), colchicine (22%), daunorubicin (18%), and etoposide (14%), but not by teniposide. Modulators of Pgp-MDR also compete with LU-49888 for binding to Pgp: verapamil (82%), diltiazem (73%), quinidine (91%), reserpine (91%), rescinnamine (88%), and trimethoxybenzoylyohimbine (89%). Chloroquine was moderately inhibitory (25%), whereas chlorpromazine and yohimbine, which are not modulators in our MDR cell lines, did not inhibit the binding of LU-49888 to Pgp. LU-49888 labeling of Pgp was also completely inhibited by (R)-, (S)-, and racemic desmethoxyverapamil, all with the same efficiency. Our results demonstrate that the verapamil analogue LU-49888 specifically binds to Pgp and suggest that verapamil and some MDR modulators exert their effects by interacting with Pgp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical and Clinical Pharmacology, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38101.
authors.forename: X D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D001386:Azides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism; D014700:Verapamil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001386:Azides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C051537:LU 49888; D014700:Verapamil