title: Effects of warfarin on vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout with special reference to factor X.
abstract: Plasma factor X (FX) was severely depleted in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout after 18 days of oral warfarin administration; this response was further reflected in prolonged prothrombin time. Thus, both species require vitamin K for the maintenance of normal haemostasis. FX activity in controls of rainbow trout was 3- to 5-fold that of salmon. The FX of both species show several of the features of human FX: it is activated by RVV, inhibited by SBTI, inactivated in the presence of heparin, and adsorubs to insoluble barium precipitates. Rainbow trout sustained warfarin poisoning better than did salmon, with mortalities occurring 8 days later in trout. After 18 days all remaining fish had developed a severe haemorrhagic anaemia with anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
authors.affiliation: AKVAFORSK (Institute of Aquaculture Research), Norway.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salte
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Norberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005170:Factor X / Q000378:metabolism*; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012474:Salmon / Q000097:blood*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014337:Trout / Q000097:blood*; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014812:Vitamin K; D014859:Warfarin; D005170:Factor X