title: Cross-protection against influenza B type virus infection by intranasal inoculation of the HA vaccines combined with cholera toxin B subunit.
abstract: The relationship between the antibody responses to various influenza B type virus HA vaccines and protection against live B virus infection was investigated in Balb/c mice which had been inoculated intranasally with a combination of the HA vaccines and B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) 4 weeks previously. The inoculation of HA vaccine, prepared from B/Ibaraki/2/85 (B/Ibaraki), B/Nagasaki/1/87 (B/Nagasaki) or B/Aichi/5/88 (B/Aichi) viruses, combined with CTB induced high levels of both nasal IgA and serum HI antibodies to any of B/Ibaraki, B/Nagasaki and B/Aichi viral antigens. Simultaneous inoculation of each CTB-combined HA vaccine provided complete protection against B/Ibaraki virus infection which is demonstrated by both rapid clearance of pulmonary virus and complete survival. On the other hand, the inoculation of HA vaccine prepared from B/Yamagata/16/88 (B/Yamagata) virus together with CTB induced only a low level of nasal IgA antibodies, cross-reactive to B/Ibaraki, B/Nagasaki and B/Aichi viral antigens and protected only partially against B/Ibaraki virus challenge. The involvement of the B type virus-specific immunity in this protection was suggested by the absence of protection against B/Ibaraki virus infection in mice previously inoculated with both A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus HA vaccine and CTB. These results suggest that antibodies to various influenza B viruses are cross-reactive to each B type virus antigens and that cross-protection against B virus infection could be conferred depending on the degree of B type virus cross-reactive immunity including secretory IgA antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuta
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirabayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagamine
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C050310:cholera toxin, B subunit (50-64); D002772:Cholera Toxin