title: Intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: a prospective controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To see whether intravenous acetylcysteine would improve outcome in patients with fulminant hepatic failure after paracetamol overdose.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomised controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London.
  
  
  METHODS
  50 consecutive patients (21 male) aged 16-60 with fulminant hepatic failure after paracetamol overdose who had not previously received acetylcysteine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conventional intensive liver care plus either acetylcysteine (25 patients) in the same dose regimen as used early after a paracetamol overdose, except that the infusion was continued until recovery from encephalopathy or death, or an equivalent volume of 5% dextrose (25 patients).
  
  
  METHODS
  Survival; incidence of cerebral oedema, renal failure, and hypotension requiring inotropic support; liver function as assessed by prolongation of the prothrombin time; and degree of encephalopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of survival was significantly higher in the acetylcysteine treated group than in the controls (48% (12/25 patients) v 20% (5/25); p = 0.037, 95% confidence interval for difference in proportions surviving 3% to 53%). Acetylcysteine treated patients had a lower incidence of cerebral oedema (40% (10/25) v 68% (17/25); p = 0.047, 95% confidence interval for difference in incidence 2% to 54%), and fewer developed hypotension requiring inotropic support (48% (12/25) v 80% (20/25); p = 0.018, 95% confidence interval 7% to 57%). Rates of deterioration and recovery of liver function, however, were similar in the two groups. No adverse reactions to acetylcysteine were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acetylcysteine is safe and effective in fulminant hepatic failure after paracetamol overdose.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Studies, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keays
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wendon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gove
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000506:poisoning*; D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000082:Acetaminophen; D000111:Acetylcysteine