title: A comparison of the frequency of stress ulceration and secondary pneumonia in sucralfate- or ranitidine-treated intensive care unit patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the frequency of acute stress ulceration and secondary pneumonia caused by aerobic Gram-negative bacilli in ICU patients treated with either sucralfate or ranitidine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  ICU, university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty adult patients who were mechanically ventilated and at risk of developing stress ulceration.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were randomized to receive either sucralfate (1 g every 6 hrs) via the nasogastric tube or iv ranitidine (50 mg every 6 hrs). If the gastric pH was less than 3.5 in the latter group, 30 mL of 0.3M sodium citrate was given via the nasogastric tube.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On admission, the frequency rate of erosion/ulceration (assessed with the endoscope) was 13.5%. After 4 days, this rate had increased to 18% in sucralfate-treated patients and 36% in ranitidine-treated patients (NS). Mean gastric pH was more alkaline in the ranitidine-treated patients (5.50) compared with the sucralfate-treated patients (4.26) (p less than .01). This pH permitted a higher occurrence rate of gastric colonization by aerobic Gram-negative bacilli in ranitidine-treated patients (64.3%) compared with sucralfate-treated patients (23.8%) (p less than .01). Retrograde bacterial colonization from the stomach to oropharynx and trachea occurred more frequently in ranitidine-treated patients compared with sucralfate-treated patients. Ultimately, the occurrence rate of pneumonia was greater in the ranitidine-treated (35.7%) than in the sucralfate-treated patients (10.3%) (p less than .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our findings, we recommend the adoption of sucralfate for routine prophylaxis against stress ulceration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Eddleston
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vohra
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tooth
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: McCloy
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Doran
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic; D016638:Critical Illness; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013392:Sucralfate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D013392:Sucralfate; D011899:Ranitidine