title: Influence of heart rate on mortality after acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: Elevated heart rate (HR) during hospitalization and after discharge has been predictive of death in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but whether this association is primarily due to associated cardiac failure is unknown. The major purpose of this study was to characterize in 1,807 patients with AMI admitted into a multicenter study the relation of HR to in-hospital, after discharge and total mortality from day 2 to 1 year in patients with and without heart failure. HR was examined on admission at maximum level in the coronary care unit, and at hospital discharge. Both in-hospital and postdischarge mortality increased with increasing admission HR, and total mortality (day 2 to 1 year) was 15% for patients with an admission HR between 50 and 60 beats/min, 41% for HR greater than 90 beats/min and 48% for HR greater than or equal to 110 beats/min. Mortality from hospital discharge to 1 year was similarly related to maximal HR in the coronary care unit and to HR at discharge. In patients with severe heart failure (grade 3 or 4 pulmonary congestion on chest x-ray, or shock), cumulative mortality was high regardless of the level of admission HR (range 61 to 68%). However, in patients with pulmonary venous congestion of grade 2, cumulative mortality for patients with admission HR greater than or equal to 90 beats/min was over twice as high as that in patients with admission HR less than 90 beats/min (39 vs 18%, respectively); the same trend was evident in patients with absent to mild heart failure (mortality 18 vs 10%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego 92093.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjalmarson
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Gilpin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kjekshus
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schieman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nicod
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality; D006339:Heart Rate; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists