title: Inhibition of functional properties of tetanus antigen-specific T-cell clones by envelope glycoprotein GP120 of human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: We investigated mechanisms by which the soluble native envelope glycoprotein gp120 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) suppresses antigen-driven T cell responses. For this study, exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2)-independent, antigen-specific, CD4 positive, human T-cell clones were developed by cyclic restimulation with soluble tetanus toxoid antigen. In the presence of soluble antigen and antigen-presenting cells (APC), T-cell clones proliferated and secreted IL-2. Purified gp120 suppressed the proliferative responses of the T-cell clones with concomitant suppression of IL-2 secretion; proliferative responses of CD8+ T cells preincubated with gp120 were not inhibited. A short pulse of 20 minutes with gp120 was sufficient to inhibit the proliferative response of the T-cell clones. Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-driven proliferation of the T-cell clones was also suppressed by gp120, but responses elicited by mitogens, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore, ionomycin, anti-CD2 MoAbs, and a combination of anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 MoAb driven responses remained unaffected. Investigation of signal transduction events showed that antigen-driven early activation signals via translocation of protein kinase C (PKC), increase in intracellular inositol phosphates, and increase in intracellular calcium were suppressed in gp120 pretreated, tetanus toxoid antigen-stimulated T-cell clones. One mechanism of immune suppression by gp120 may involve interference with the initiation of signal transduction through the T-cell receptor complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chirmule
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Kalyanaraman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oyaizu
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Slade
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pahwa
mesh_terms: D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D018801:CD2 Antigens; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002999:Clone Cells; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000502:physiology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D018801:CD2 Antigens; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D002118:Calcium