title: Serum interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor activities in febrile children with acute leukemia.
abstract: In order to determine whether a relationship exists between levels of serum interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the incidence of fever in malignant disease and infection, IL-1 and TNF levels in 60 children with acute leukemia, 18 children with bacterial infection, and 10 children with viral infection were compared with those of 20 healthy children. IL-1 levels greater than 100 pg/ml were seen in two febrile leukemic patients and six bacteria-infected patients, and the bacteria-infected group as a whole had IL-1 levels significantly higher than those of healthy children (p less than 0.05). TNF levels greater than 50 pg/ml were noted in six febrile leukemic patients and two bacteria-infected patients (both of whom were complicated by septic shock). No single group showed significantly higher levels when compared to healthy children. All patients showing high IL-1 or TNF levels had fevers at the time of diagnosis. These findings suggest that fever in bacterial infection is associated with the production of IL-1 but not TNF (except in cases of septic shock), whereas fever in acute leukemia may be associated with the production of either IL-1 or TNF. Monitoring patients with acute leukemia for IL-1 and TNF levels throughout the clinical course of disease may help clarify the causes of febrile episodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akazawa
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha