title: Attenuation of amphotericin-B nephrotoxicity in the candidiasis rat model.
abstract: Dose-limiting nephrotoxicity has hampered the clinical usefulness of amphotericin-B (AmpB). Recently, vascular decongestants, such as pentoxifylline, have shown benefit in reducing drug-associated renal damage of AmpB in rats. The present study investigated a dose-dependent protection of a structurally similar methylxanthine, HWA-448, in the candidiasis rat model given a single dose of AmpB. Forty-eight hours after inoculation with Candida albicans, each rat was treated with 0.8 mg/kg of AmpB or sterile water; animals were further randomized to receive 0.5, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg i.v. of HWA-448 or saline given every 12 h for 3 doses. Kidney fungal counts, morphology, and renal function were compared between treatment groups upon completion of the study. Rats administered AmpB with HWA-448 had markedly improved renal function compared with those given AmpB alone; these effects were independent of the administered dose of HWA-448. The antifungal effect of AmpB was not impaired with concomitant HWA-448. Marked accumulation of granulomas and organisms was found in all rat groups. In summary, coadministration of low doses of HWA-448 attenuated the dose-limiting nephrotoxicity without impairing the antifungal effect of AmpB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Houston, Tex.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Luke
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wasan
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Verani
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Berens
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vadiei
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lopez-Berestein
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: C061298:torbafylline; D000666:Amphotericin B; D010431:Pentoxifylline