title: Vasopressin antagonist in early postoperative diabetes insipidus.
abstract: 23 patients without diabetes insipidus before transfrontal (hypothalamic) or trans-sphenoidal (pituitary) surgery were studied prospectively to investigate the pathogenesis of early postoperative diabetes insipidus. 12 patients who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery and who did not develop diabetes insipidus were used as controls. All received prophylactic corticosteroid replacement. Blood samples were obtained immediately after operation, at the onset of diabetes insipidus, and 24 h later. Immediately after trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery, plasma vasopressin (AVP) was raised but had fallen to subnormal concentrations by the onset of diabetes insipidus. After transfrontal hypothalamic surgery diabetes insipidus occurred sooner and was associated with high plasma AVP immunoreactivity--but the plasma showed no antidiuretic bioactivity and greatly attenuated the antidiuretic response to standard AVP. Early diabetes insipidus after hypothalamic surgery is associated with release of a substance, presumably an analogue, from the damaged hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system, which acts as an antagonist to normal AVP activity; after trans-sphenoidal operations diabetes insipidus seems to be caused by failure of AVP release.
authors.affiliation: Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Seckl
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Dunger
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bevan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakasu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chowdrey
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lightman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000328:Adult; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003919:Diabetes Insipidus / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004231:Diuresis; D005260:Female; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood*; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000502:physiology; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; D013101:Sphenoid Sinus / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin