title: Extensive genetic polymorphism in the human tumor necrosis factor region and relation to extended HLA haplotypes.
abstract: We have identified three polymorphic microsatellites (which we call TNFa, TNFb, and TNFc) within a 12-kilobase region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that includes the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) locus. TNFc is located within the first intron of the TNF-beta gene and has only 2 alleles. TNFa and TNFb are 3.5 kilobases upstream (telomeric) of the TNF-beta gene and have at least 13 and 7 alleles, respectively. TNFa, -b, and -c alleles are in linkage disequilibrium with alleles at other loci within the MHC, including class I, class II, and class III. TNFa, -b, and -c alleles are also associated with extended HLA haplotypes. These TNF polymorphisms will allow a thorough genetic analysis of the involvement of TNF in MHC-linked pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Jongeneel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Briant
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Udalova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sevin
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nedospasov
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cambon-Thomsen
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D005787:Gene Frequency; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha