title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) can coinfect and simultaneously replicate in the same human CD4+ cell: effect of coinfection on infectious HSV-2 and HIV-1 replication.
abstract: Experiments were designed to determine whether HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) coinfection leads to simultaneous replication of both viruses in the same human CD4+ cell (MT-4 cell line) and the possible effects of coinfection on infectious virus production. Results from transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed replication of typical HSV-2 nucleocapsids in the nucleus and budding of HIV-1 particles through the plasma membrane and through intracytoplasmic vacuoles containing enveloped HSV-2 particles in the same coinfected cell. Coinfection of HIV-1 persistently infected H9IIIB or promonocytic U1 cells with HSV-2 did not alter total production of infectious HSV-2 or the percentage of HSV-2 infectious centers compared with control H9 and U937 cells infected with HSV-2 alone. However, in coinfected promonocytic U1 cells HSV-2 induced infectious HIV-1 production measured by syncytial plaque assay. In summary, both HIV-1 and HSV-2 can coinfect and simultaneously replicate in the same human CD4+ cell. Interactions between HIV-1 and HSV-2 appear to be unidirectional, resulting in accelerated replication of HIV-1 as reported by Albrecht et al. (J Virol 1989;63:1861-1868), but not HSV-2 as shown by us.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Kucera
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leake
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raben
authors.forename: Q N
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: Myrvik
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000382:microbiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000382:microbiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014779:Virus Replication