title: Differentiation of convulsive syncope and epilepsy with head-up tilt testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of head-upright tilt table testing in the differential diagnosis of convulsive syncope from epileptic seizures in patients with recurrent idiopathic seizure-like episodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electrophysiology laboratory of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients (8 men and 7 women patients; mean age, 29 +/- 20 years) with recurrent unexplained seizure-like episodes, unresponsive to antiseizure medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Head-upright tilt table testing with or without isoproterenol infusion. Five patients who were initially tilt positive had a second tilt test with continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) recording.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Syncope associated with tonic-clonic seizure-like activity occurred in six patients (40%) during the baseline tilt and in four patients (27%) during isoproterenol infusion (total positive tests, 67%). The EEG showed diffuse brain wave slowing (not typical of epileptic seizures) in five of five patients during the convulsive episode. All patients who had positive test results eventually become tilt table negative after therapy, and over a mean follow-up period of 21 +/- 2 months, no further seizure-like episodes have occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upright tilt table testing combined with isoproterenol infusion may be useful to distinguish convulsive syncope from epileptic seizures.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Ohio, Toledo.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Grubb
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roush
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Temesy-Armos
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000503:physiopathology; D007545:Isoproterenol; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology*; D013575:Syncope / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D007545:Isoproterenol