title: Developmental toxicity potential of grayanotoxin I in mice and chicks.
abstract: Developmental toxicity potential of grayanotoxin I (GTX I), a toxic diterpenoid contained in plants of the family Ericaceae, with sodium ionophore activity, was studied in mice and chicks. In mice, intraperitoneal injections of 1.5 mg GTX I/kg body weight of mouse for three consecutive days during the organogenetic period caused some dams to die, but neither embryotoxicity nor teratogenicity was detected. In chicks, a single injection of 0.1-1.0 microgram GTX I per egg into the extraembryonic coelom on day 1.5 or 2 of incubation, or into the amnionic cavity on day 3 or 4 of incubation induced neither embryotoxic nor teratogenic signs, but 10 micrograms GTX I per egg showed lethal effects when applied on each of those days.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Anatomy, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011247:Pregnancy; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D013723:Teratogens
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D015222:Sodium Channels; D013723:Teratogens; C001311:grayanotoxin I