title: Glutamate induces calcium waves in cultured astrocytes: long-range glial signaling.
abstract: The finding that astrocytes possess glutamate-sensitive ion channels hinted at a previously unrecognized signaling role for these cells. Now it is reported that cultured hippocampal astrocytes can respond to glutamate with a prompt and oscillatory elevation of cytoplasmic free calcium, visible through use of the fluorescent calcium indicator fluo-3. Two types of glutamate receptor--one preferring quisqualate and releasing calcium from intracellular stores and the other preferring kainate and promoting surface-membrane calcium influx--appear to be involved. Moreover, glutamate-induced increases in cytoplasmic free calcium frequently propagate as waves within the cytoplasm of individual astrocytes and between adjacent astrocytes in confluent cultures. These propagating waves of calcium suggest that networks of astrocytes may constitute a long-range signaling system within the brain.
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Cornell-Bell
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Finkbeiner
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005971:Glutamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D007365:Intercellular Junctions / Q000378:metabolism; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010507:Periodicity; D016318:Quisqualic Acid; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000502:physiology; D014966:Xanthenes
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005971:Glutamates; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; D014966:Xanthenes; C059715:Fluo-3; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D016318:Quisqualic Acid; D007608:Kainic Acid; D002118:Calcium