title: Self-defeating personality, self-reinforcement, and depression.
abstract: 51 men who were more self-defeating were observed to use lower frequency of self-reinforcement and to be more depressed. The results were seen as supporting Beck's early work which proposed a relationship between depression and self-defeating patterns. They also provide construct validity for the measure of Self-defeating Personality used in the study.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale 62901-6502.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schill
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010553:Personality Development; D010555:Personality Inventory