title: The dynamics of growth of width in distance, velocity and acceleration.
abstract: In this paper the dynamics and intensity of the growth of bihumeral and biiliac width and of humerus and femur bicondylar diameter are studied and compared, and sex differences are established. The analysis is based on a newly introduced statistical tool, the structural average curve for distance, velocity and acceleration. It accounts for individual developmental tempo and allows pooling data for a sample of subjects. In all four variables studied, a sharp decline in velocity after birth is followed by a more gradual decline in infancy and childhood. A mid-growth spurt (MS) at about age 7 can be found in all variables, of about equal timing and intensity for the two sexes. The pubertal spurt (PS) is earlier for girls, and less intense except for biiliac width. The study shows a characteristic pattern across variables of width regarding the intensity of growth in different periods. The accentuated MS and PS for bihumeral width, contrasting with relatively early and small PS for the bicondylar width of femur, are remarkable.
authors.affiliation: Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gasser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kneip
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Largo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Molinari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prader
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001824:Body Constitution; D001846:Bone Development; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011627:Puberty; D012727:Sex Characteristics