title: 1991 Volvo Award in experimental studies. Cauda equina syndrome: neurologic recovery following immediate, early, or late decompression.
abstract: An animal model of cauda equina syndrome was developed. Neurologic recovery was analyzed following immediate, early, and delayed decompression. Five experimental groups, each containing six dogs, were studied. Compression of the cauda equina was performed in all 30 dogs following an L6-7 laminectomy. The cauda equina was constricted by 75% in each group. The first group was constricted and immediately decompressed. The remaining groups were constricted for 1 hour, 6 hours, 24 hours, and 1 week, respectively, before being decompressed. Somatosensory evoked potentials were performed before and after surgery, before and immediately after decompression, and 6 weeks following decompression. Daily neurologic exams using the Tarlov grading scale were performed. At 6 weeks postdecompression, all dogs were killed, and the neural elements analyzed histologically. Following compression, all 30 dogs had significant lower extremity weakness, tail paralysis, and urinary incontinence. All dogs recovered significant motor function 6 weeks following decompression. The dogs with immediate decompression generally recovered neurologic function within 2-5 days. The dogs receiving 1-hour and 6-hour compression recovered within 5-7 days. The dogs receiving 24-hour compression remained paraparetic 5-7 days, with bladder dysfunction for 7-10 days and tail dysfunction persisting for 4 weeks. The dogs with compression for 1 week were paraparetic (Tarlov Grade 2 or 3) and incontinent during the duration of cauda equina compression. They recovered to walking by 1 week and Tarlov Grade 5 with bladder and tail control at the time of euthanasia. Immediately after compression, all five groups demonstrated at least 50% deterioration of the posterior tibial nerve evoked potential amplitudes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Delamarter
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001363:Awards and Prizes; D002420:Cauda Equina / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000473:pathology; D013548:Sweden; D013997:Time Factors; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology