title: Laser-induced shock wave lithotripsy. Influence of laser pulse energy and irrigation solutions on stone disintegration.
abstract: With a high intensity Q-switched Nd-YAG laser shock waves can be generated in a liquid close to the calculus. Up to 80 mJ single pulse energy with 8 nsec pulse duration can be transmitted through flexible quartz fibers. Energy conversion and enhancement can be accomplished at the fiber tip with optical focussing of the light at the quartz tip, with irrigation solutions and with high pulse energies. Iron-III-dextran solutions (1 mg Fe3+/1) and magnesium chloride (50 mmol/l) increased the pressure in the laser induced breakdown up to ten times (8,000-10,000 bar). Smaller stone particles and higher efficacy in stone fragmentation could be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Technical University, Munich, FRG.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Kloiber
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reichel
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007505:Iron-Dextran Complex; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser; D015636:Magnesium Chloride; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D015636:Magnesium Chloride; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D007505:Iron-Dextran Complex