title: Activation of glutamate dehydrogenase by leucine and its nonmetabolizable analogue in rat brain synaptosomes.
abstract: Leucine and beta-(+/-)-2-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) stimulated, in a dose-dependent manner, reductive amination of 2-oxoglutarate in rat brain synaptosomes treated with Triton X-100. The concentration dependence curves were sigmoid, with 10-15-fold stimulations at 15 mM leucine (or BCH); oxidative deamination of glutamate also was enhanced, albeit less. In intact synaptosomes, leucine and BCH elevated oxygen uptake and increased ammonia formation, consistent with stimulation of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Enhancement of oxidative deamination was seen with endogenous as well as exogenous glutamate and with glutamate generated inside synaptosomes from added glutamine. With endogenous glutamate, the stimulation of oxidative deamination was accompanied by a decrease in aspartate formation, which suggests a concomitant reduction in flux through aspartate aminotransferase. Activation of reductive amination of 2-oxoglutarate by BCH or leucine could not be demonstrated even in synaptosomes depleted of internal glutamate. It is suggested that GDH in synaptosomes functions in the direction of glutamate oxidation, and that leucine may act as an endogenous activator of GDH in brain in vivo.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Philadelphia 19104-6084.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erecińska
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000598:Amino Acids, Cyclic; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005971:Glutamates / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D007930:Leucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D051381:Rats; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000598:Amino Acids, Cyclic; D005971:Glutamates; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; C006504:2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D007930:Leucine