title: Safety considerations in topical fluoride therapy.
abstract: Cases of fluorosis in teeth have been reported where fluorosis would not have been expected, i.e. in children residing in areas with optimum or sub-optimum fluoride in the drinking water and not receiving fluoride supplementation, as well as in cases of controlled fluoride supplementation in areas with low water fluoride content. Concern has been expressed world-wide about unacceptable and careless methods of topical fluoride application, both in the case of high concentration products and home application fluorides. Concern furthermore exists regarding the frequent lack of communication between dental professionals and the public regarding the potential dangers and correct utilisation of self-applied fluorides. This article reviews the most recent literature on the correct usage, precautions and dangers associated with the professional and home application of topical fluoride agents.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Stellenbosch.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Dreyer
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005459:Fluorides / Q000009:adverse effects; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000009:adverse effects; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D009067:Mouthwashes; D014100:Toothpastes; D005459:Fluorides