title: Inhibition of basal and corticotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and cytosolic Ca2+ levels by somatostatin in human corticotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas.
abstract: The effects of CRH and somatostatin (SRIH) on adenylate cyclase (AC) activity, intracellular free calcium concentrations [( Ca2+]i) and in vitro ACTH release were investigated in six human ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas. In all tumors, CRH induced a marked stimulation (from 69-210% at 10 nM), whereas SRIH caused a definite inhibition (from 29-50% at 100 nM) of membrane AC. When added together, CRH and SRIH caused a purely additive effect on AC. In adenomatous corticotrophs CRH (10 nM) caused [Ca2+]i to rise from 160 +/- 30 nM (mean +/- SD) to 410 +/- 95 nM. CRH-induced transients were biphasic, with an initial peak predominantly due to redistribution from intracellular Ca2+ stores and a secondary phase due to Ca2+ influx. The effects of CRH on [Ca2+]i were totally independent of the stimulation of AC. In fact, cAMP-elevating agents other than CRH did not modify [Ca2+]i. SRIH (100 nM) decreased resting [Ca2+]i (approximately 20-40%) as well as [Ca2+]i rises induced by CRH, arginine vasopressin, or high K+. The effect of SRIH on [Ca2+]i was maintained in presence of high cAMP levels, while was totally abolished after pertussis toxin pretreatment. CRH (10 nM) stimulated ACTH release (from 22.5 +/- 3.5 to 45.0 +/- 8.5 pmol/L) by an extent similar to that elicited by calcium ionophore and forskolin. By contrast, SRIH (0.1 microM) inhibited both basal and CRH-stimulated ACTH release. In conclusion, in human adenomatous corticotrophs SRIH exerts an inhibitory action by reducing both AC activity and, independently, [Ca2+]i. In this way, SRIH can efficiently counteract the stimulatory action of CRH that in these cells involves activation of both cAMP and Ca2+ pathways.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endocrine Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spada
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reza-Elahi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lania
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bassetti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Atti
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D009384:Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D013004:Somatostatin; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D002118:Calcium