title: Nitrendipine decreases benzodiazepine withdrawal seizures but not the development of benzodiazepine tolerance or withdrawal signs.
abstract: 1. The effects of the calcium channel blocking agent, nitrendipine, were studied on seizures in mice produced during withdrawal from chronic benzodiazepine treatment and on the development of tolerance to benzodiazepines. 2. Nitrendipine produced a dose-dependent decrease in seizure incidence, when seizures were produced by the partial inverse agonist FG7142 during withdrawal from seven days treatment with flurazepam. 3. Nitrendipine did not raise the seizure thresholds in naïve mice to the full inverse agonist methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM), or to the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist, bicuculline. 4. When given concurrently with flurazepam for seven days, nitrendipine did not affect the incidence of seizures during flurazepam withdrawal. 5. When given concurrently with the benzodiazepines, nitrendipine did not prevent the development of tolerance to midazolam general anaesthesia or tolerance to the ataxic actions of flurazepam or midazolam. 6. Chronic treatment with flurazepam for seven days did not affect the Kd or Bmax of [3H]-nimodipine binding in mouse whole brain or cerebral cortex. 7. These results with benzodiazepines are partially in contrast with those for ethanol, where nitrendipine not only decreased ethanol withdrawal seizures when given acutely, but also prevented the development of tolerance and withdrawal signs when given concurrently with ethanol. However, they do confirm the selectivity of nitrendipine for withdrawal-induced seizures.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dolin
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Patch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rabbani
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Siarey
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bowhay
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000633:toxicity*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D002243:Carbolines / Q000633:toxicity; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005479:Flurazepam / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009568:Nitrendipine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D002243:Carbolines; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D001569:Benzodiazepines; C035874:FG 7142; D009568:Nitrendipine; D005479:Flurazepam