title: Relationship between serum xanthophyll levels and the consumption of cigarettes, alcohol or foods in healthy inhabitants of Japan.
abstract: The relationship between serum concentrations of beta-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin and the consumption of cigarettes and alcohol or the intake frequencies of foods was investigated in 775 Japanese inhabitants. Serum concentrations of beta-cryptoxanthin and beta-carotene in healthy Japanese aged 40-70 years were higher in females than in males. Serum beta-cryptoxanthin levels were inversely associated with the consumption of cigarettes and alcohol, as were the serum beta-carotene levels. Serum zeaxanthin (including lutein) levels were associated with cigarette consumption. The levels of serum beta-cryptoxanthin were positively correlated with the intake frequency of some fruits, and those of zeaxanthin, with the intake frequency of green vegetables, milk and eggs. These xanthophylls may play a role with beta-carotene in smoking-related cancer prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D014975:Lutein / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D002338:Carotenoids; D014975:Lutein