title: Cytokine-associated tissue injury and lethality in mice: a comparative study.
abstract: A comparative study was performed to examine the lethal effects of several cytokines injected into mice sensitized with actinomycin D (Act-D). Consistent with published data, human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) (0.2-5 micrograms) caused the death of the animals within 8-12 hr after injection. Human interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (0.6-6 micrograms) known to be induced by TNF-alpha did not show any lethal effects, indicating that TNF-alpha-associated lethality is not mediated by IL-6 or IL-8. Human tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta) (also called lymphotoxin), which shares structural and functional properties with TNF-alpha, was as potent as TNF-alpha in its lethal effects. Murine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (0.04-5 micrograms) was also tested and showed no lethal effects in this model. In addition, a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acid residues 163-171 of IL-1 beta, and which has been shown to lack the inflammatory effects of IL-1 beta, also caused no lethality among Act-D sensitized mice. The pretreatment of mice with IL-6, IL-8, or IFN-gamma had no protective effects on TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta-induced lethality in contrast to the protection observed by a pretreatment with TNF-alpha/IL-1 beta themselves or with endotoxin. Histopathologic data showed that severe tissue injury in vital organs is associated with the rapid lethality among sensitized mice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, University of Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shalaby
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halgunset
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Haugen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aarset
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aarden
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waage
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kvithyll
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boraschi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lamvik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000633:toxicity*; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000633:toxicity; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000633:toxicity; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000633:toxicity; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003609:Dactinomycin; D007371:Interferon-gamma