title: Intellectual function in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: protective effect of pre-irradiation methotrexate? A Childrens Cancer Study Group study.
abstract: Having demonstrated in a laboratory model that the neurotoxicity of CNS irradiation can be ameliorated with pre-irradiation methotrexate, we retrospectively compared two methods of CNS prophylaxis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia which differed only in the timing of intrathecal methotrexate and radiotherapy. The results of standard IQ tests conducted 2-11 years after 24 Gy of cranial radiotherapy were obtained in 72 patients, of whom 27 had pre-irradiation methotrexate and 45 did not (control group). The two groups were otherwise comparable. In girls, the full-, performance-, and verbal-scale IQ scores were consistently higher in the pre-irradiation methotrexate group than in the corresponding control group (P less than 0.025). Among girls less than 5 years of age when irradiated, the mean IQ scores were 25-29 points higher after pre-irradiation methotrexate than after the control treatment (P less than 0.0007). These results suggest that pre-irradiation methotrexate may help prevent CNS radiotoxicity in children, and that the benefit is dependent on patient age and gender.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle.
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Balsom
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Bleyer
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Heyn
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Meadows
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sitarz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blatt
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Sather
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Hammond
mesh_terms: D001215:Asparaginase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007360:Intelligence / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D015122:Mercaptopurine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D011859:Radiography; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014750:Vincristine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D014750:Vincristine; D015122:Mercaptopurine; D001215:Asparaginase; D011241:Prednisone; D008727:Methotrexate