title: Genomic organization of the human multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene and origin of P-glycoproteins.
abstract: The MDR1 gene, responsible for multidrug resistance in human cells, encodes a broad specificity efflux pump (P-glycoprotein). P-glycoprotein consists of two similar halves, each half including a hydrophobic transmembrane region and a nucleotide-binding domain. On the basis of sequence homology between the N-terminal and C-terminal halves of P-glycoprotein, we have previously suggested that this gene arose by duplication of a primordial gene. We have now determined the complete intron/exon structure of the MDR1 gene by direct sequencing of cosmid clones and enzymatic amplification of genomic DNA segments. The MDR1 gene includes 28 introns, 26 of which interrupt the protein-coding sequence. Although both halves of the protein-coding sequence are composed of approximately the same number of exons, only two intron pairs, both within the nucleotide-binding domains, are located at conserved positions in the two halves of the protein. The other introns occur at different locations in the two halves of the protein and in most cases interrupt the coding sequence at different positions relative to the open reading frame. These results suggest that the P-glycoprotein arose by fusion of genes for two related but independently evolved proteins rather than by internal duplication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pastan
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gottesman
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Roninson
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003360:Cosmids; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins