title: A simple approach to screening for microalbuminuria in a type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic population.
abstract: The reproducibility of albumin concentration in first-morning samples of urine was assessed in 334 insulin-dependent diabetic patients aged 18-60 years. The albumin excretion rate was determined immunoturbidimetrically in three sterile, Albustix-negative, first-morning urine samples submitted over a week. An abnormally high mean value, greater than or equal to 2.5 mg albumin per mmol creatinine (Ua/Uc), was found in 33 patients (9.9%). These patients were older (mean 42 vs 34 years, P less than 0.01), had longer disease duration (18 vs 14 years, P less than 0.01) and higher HbA1c values (6.8 vs 6.3%, P less than 0.05) than those without microalbuminuria. Although triplicate samples were collected within 7 days, Ua/Uc showed considerable intraindividual variation, with a mean coefficient of variation of 49%. Despite this it was found that Ua/Uc values greater than 1 mg/mmol on the first specimen had a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 82% for detecting those with a three-sample mean value greater than 2.5 mg/mmol. Thus virtually all those with microalbuminuria (32/33) had a single first-morning result greater than 1 mg/mmol, and in those with a lower ratio microalbuminuria was excluded with more than 99% certainty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: McHardy
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gann
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Pearson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000652:urine*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine