title: Treatment of tuberous breasts utilizing tissue expansion.
abstract: This article presents the tissue expansion technique for the treatment of the tuberous breast and its variant, the tubular breast. The treatment objectives are different in the two deformities, but, in general, one has to expand the base circumference of the breast, expand the skin of the lower hemisphere of the breast, release the skin tightness at the skin-areola juncture, lower the position of the inframammary fold, increase the volume of the breast skin envelope, reduce the size of the areola and correct its deformity, and perform a mastopexy when necessary. To achieve these objectives, we use a tissue expander introduced either beneath the breast or beneath the pectoral muscle through an incision along the inframammary fold. It is slowly expanded to the appropriate volume. The reconstruction is completed at the second stage when the size of the areola is reduced, the expander is exchanged for an implant, or the fill-port is removed. The tissue "herniation" is corrected and a mastopexy is performed when necessary. We treated seven tuberous breasts and three tubular breasts by the two-stage method. Eight reconstructions were completed successfully in two stages. An additional operation became necessary in two cases; one to treat an exposed expander, and another to correct a capsular contracture. The results have been uniformly good and compare favorably with those presented in the literature done by other methods. We recommend use of the combination expander/implant.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Versaci
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rozzelle
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015626:Tissue Expansion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*