title: Effect of vitamin and mineral supplementation on verbal and non-verbal reasoning of schoolchildren.
abstract: In a randomised controlled trial the effect of vitamin and mineral supplementation for seven months on performance in tests of reasoning was studied in 86 schoolchildren aged 11-13. A small, non-significant difference between the control and supplementation groups was found in a non-verbal test. The net difference in change in scores between the active and placebo groups was 2.4 units (95% CI-1.5 to 6.3). This direction of effect was not consistently seen with three other tests of non-verbal reasoning. Vitamin and mineral supplementation does not improve the performance of schoolchildren in tests of reasoning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and Psychology, University of Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Crombie
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Todman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McNeill
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Florey
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Menzies
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000187:drug effects; D010349:Patient Compliance; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins