title: Thyroliberin (TRH) and TRH free acid (TRH-OH) present in milk do not originate from local synthesis in mammary gland.
abstract: Hypothalamic hormones represent a peculiar group of hormones present in milk in surprisingly high concentrations. High levels of these neuropeptides raised the question of their origin. The hypothesis suggesting local synthesis of TRH in the mammary gland was, therefore, tested. Acid extracts of human milk contained TRH and TRH-OH immunoreactivity. RIA determinations at various purification steps revealed that only a part of the immunoreactivity may represent authentic peptides. No high molecular weight TRH precursor could be demonstrated upon a sequential enzymatic treatment of human milk and rat mammary gland extracts. Exploration of rat mammary gland tissue for TRH mRNA showed that the TRH gene is not expressed in the mammary gland. Rat mammary gland homogenates were able to deamidate exogenous TRH to TRH-OH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRH is not synthesized in the mammary gland via a high molecular weight precursor. It is likely that the TRH-free acid in milk (demonstrated for the first time in this product) originates from TRH deamidation in mammary gland cells during TRH transport from the blood.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, CSFR.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Strbák
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giraud
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Resetková
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Ouafik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dutour
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Povazanová
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Randuskovà
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003641:Deamination; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C020271:thyrotropin-releasing hormone, deamido-; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid