title: Subtypes of schizophrenia--evidence from a twin-family study.
abstract: In a combined twin-family study, the concordance for subtype of schizophrenia was investigated. The sample included 31 monozygotic (MZ) and 28 dizygotic (DZ) twin probands fulfilling the criteria of DSM-III-R schizophrenia. Their co-twins and first-degree relatives were personally interviewed and diagnosed in accordance with DSM-III-R. Any twin or relative diagnosed as schizophrenic was subclassified as either paranoid or nonparanoid. Schizophrenia was more often observed in co-twins of MZ probands with nonparanoid schizophrenia than in MZ probands with paranoid schizophrenia, indicating a stronger genetic influence in nonparanoid schizophrenia. Fifteen MZ pairs were concordant for schizophrenia, and 13 of these pairs were also concordant for subtype. Such a relationship was not observed in the first-degree relatives with schizophrenia. Our results indicate a complex etiology of subtypes in schizophrenia, and to some extent the etiology of subtypes may differ from the etiology of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onstad
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Skre
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torgersen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kringlen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D012563:Schizophrenia, Paranoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology