title: Two pyridine analogues with more effective ability to reverse multidrug resistance and with lower calcium channel blocking activity than their dihydropyridine counterparts.
abstract: Four pyridine analogues and their dihydropyridine counterparts were examined for their ability to reverse drug resistance in a multidrug-resistant human carcinoma cell line, KB-C2. Two pyridine analogues were more able to reverse drug resistance than their dihydropyridine counterparts. The other two pyridine analogues had an effect on drug resistance similar to their dihydropyridine counterparts. The calcium channel-blocking activity of all the pyridine analogues was considerably lower than that of the dihydropyridine analogues. Of the pyridine analogues, 2-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl 5-(trans-4,6-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4 -(3- nitrophenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylate P-oxide (PAK-104P) was the most effective in reversing multidrug resistance. PAK-104P (1 and 5 microM) completely reversed the drug resistance in KB-8-5 and KB-C2 cells, respectively. The reversing effect of PAK-104P was greater than that of other multidrug resistance-reversing agents, cepharanthine, verapamil, nimodipine, and nicardipine. PAK-104P at 1 microM increased about 10-fold the accumulation of vinblastine in KB-C2 cells, whereas verapamil at the same concentration increased the accumulation about 2-fold. The inhibition of [3H]azidopine photolabeling of P-glycoprotein by the pyridine and dihydropyridine analogues except 2-[methyl(phenyl-methyl)amino]ethyl 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-yl)-1,4-d ihydro-2,6- dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylate P-oxide correlated with the reversing of drug resistance by the analogues. Some newly synthesized pyridine analogues seemed to have lower calcium channel-blocking activity and more potent resistance-reversing ability than verapamil and other calcium channel blockers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shudo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiyosue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arita
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akiyama
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D003498:Cyclic P-Oxides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003603:Cytotoxins; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D003498:Cyclic P-Oxides; D003603:Cytotoxins; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D011725:Pyridines; C103821:PAK 104P; D014747:Vinblastine; D002118:Calcium