title: Control over response number by a targeted percentile schedule: reinforcement loss and the acute effects of d-amphetamine.
abstract: Two fixed-consecutive-number-like procedures were used to examine effects of acute d-amphetamine administration on control over response number. In both procedures, rats were required to press the left lever at least once and then press the right lever to complete a trial. The consecutive left-lever presses on each trial comprised a "run." Under the targeted percentile schedule, reinforcement was provided if the current run length was closer to the target length (16) than half of the most recent 24 runs. This differentially reinforced run length while holding reinforcement probability constant at .5. A second group acquired the differentiation under the targeted percentile schedule, but were then shifted to a procedure that yoked reinforcement probability by subject and run length to that obtained under the targeted percentile schedule. The two procedures generated practically identical control run lengths, response rates, reinforcement probabilities, and reinforcement rates. Administration of d-amphetamine disrupted percentile responding to a greater degree than yoked control responding. This disruption decreased reinforcement frequency less in the former than the latter procedure. The similar baseline responding under these two procedures suggests that this difference in sensitivity was due to behavioral adjustments to drug prompted by reduction of reinforcement density in the yoked control but not the percentile schedule. These adjustments attenuate the drug's effects under the former, but not the latter, procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Neurosciences, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20307-5100.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galbicka
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Ritch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001070:Appetitive Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule
chemical_list: D003913:Dextroamphetamine