title: The effect of area of application on the intensity of response to a cutaneous irritant.
abstract: The intensity of the cutaneous response was assessed after application of a standard irritant to increasing areas of normal forearm skin. Twenty subjects were tested to determine the minimal irritant dose (MID) to dilutions of aqueous sodium dodecyl sulphate. Each subject was then treated under occlusion for a period of 24 h with different areas of filter paper (9, 25, 100, 225 and 400 mm2) soaked with the concentration required to give the individual's MID. At 25 and 48 h the degree of erythema was assessed using a 0-4 arbitrary scale, a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS) and an erythema meter. Cutaneous blood flow was measured with a laser-Doppler device and cutaneous oedema measured by pulsed A-scan ultrasound. The results at 25 and 48 h were almost identical. Both forms of visual assessment (arbitrary scale and VAS) showed an increase in perceived erythema with increasing area and this was confirmed by the erythema meter. Further area-related changes were noted with both cutaneous blood flow and ultrasound measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, U.K.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dykes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004890:Erythema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007509:Irritants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D007509:Irritants; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate