title: Microinjection of cultured rat embryos: studies with retinol, 13-cis- and all-trans-retinoic acid.
abstract: Retinol, all-trans-retinoic acid or 13-cis-retinoic acid were intraamniotically microinjected in rat embryos on day 10 of gestation and cultured until day 11.5. A comparison of the concentration-effect relationships of the retinoids showed that the dysmorphogenic effects were qualitatively similar for all three, but were elicited by a low concentration of all-trans-retinoic acid (250 ng/ml), a 6- to 7-fold higher concentration of 13-cis-retinoic acid and an approximately 16-fold higher concentration of retinol. After microinjection of 2,000 ng/ml of retinol, no dysmorphogenesis was observed but instead an increase in all growth parameters as compared to the controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
authors.forename: Q P
authors.initials: QP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Juchau
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kraft
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005328:Fetal Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000633:toxicity*; D008845:Microinjections; D015394:Molecular Structure; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000633:toxicity*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D014212:Tretinoin; D015474:Isotretinoin