title: Racial/Ethnic differences in smoking, drinking, and illicit drug use among American high school seniors, 1976-89.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper reports racial/ethnic differences in the use of licit and illicit drugs by high school seniors in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study uses questionnaire data from annual, nationally representative surveys of seniors from 1976 through 1989. Combined sample sizes were 57,620 for 1976-79; 75,772 for 1980-84; and 73,527 for 1985-89.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Native American had the highest prevalence rates for cigarettes, alcohol, and most illicit drugs; White students had the next highest rates for most drugs. Asian Americans had the lowest prevalence rates, and Black students had levels nearly as low except for marijuana. Prevalence rates for the Hispanic groups were mostly in the intermediate ranges except for relatively high cocaine use among the males. Trend patterns for most forms of drug use were similar across subgroups, although cigarette use declined more sharply for Black than White seniors, resulting in greater Black-White differences in recent years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study, other school-based studies, and general population surveys all show relatively low levels of drug use by most non-White youth, especially Black Americans and Asian Americans. Multivariate analyses indicate that such subgroup differences in high school seniors' drug use are not primarily attributable to family composition, parents' education, region, or urban-rural distinctions.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48106-1248.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bachman
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kurth
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Neighbors
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D044383:Black People; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American