title: Single versus double indicator dilution measurements of extravascular lung water.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare a simplified method of measuring extravascular lung water (EVLW) using only a single indicator (EVLW-SI) with the standard double indicator dilution technique (EVLW-DI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Direct comparison of EVLW-SI with EVLW-DI in 18 critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A general medical ICU in a university-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine men and nine women, ages 19 to 80 yr. Six patients were in shock (four from septic shock), and 11 were in respiratory failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  EVLW-DI and cardiac output were measured in triplicate during injection of cold indocyanine green dye. Cardiac output was calculated both from pulmonary artery (COpa) and femoral artery (COfem-di) thermal dilution signals. EVLW-SI and COfem-si were also measured during three additional injections of cold saline using only thermal signals from the pulmonary and femoral arteries. Order of measurements was random. EVLW-SI was measured in ten patients while blood was withdrawn through the femoral catheter and in ten patients without blood drawn through the femoral catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 84 comparisons were made. Although the overall correlations were good (r2 = .86), EVLW-SI systematically overestimated EVLW-DI (p less than .05). This difference was greater when EVLW-SI was measured without blood withdrawal through the femoral catheter. In this subgroup, mean values for EVLW by the two methods were within 20% of one another in only two of ten patients, in contrast to the results in six of eight patients in which blood was withdrawn through the catheter. COfem-si and COfem-di also overestimated COpa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Theoretically, neither injection of green dye nor blood withdrawal should be necessary during measurements of EVLW-SI, making it a simpler technique for bedside use than EVLW-DI. However, significant discrepancies exist between the two techniques. Some of this difference is apparently due to technical factors related to catheter design. In any case, we cannot recommend use of the single indicator dilution technique at present to estimate EVLW.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Calandrino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002302:Cardiac Output; D015633:Extravascular Lung Water; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D012769:Shock / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D013815:Thermodilution
chemical_list: D007208:Indocyanine Green; D010100:Oxygen