title: Evolution of energy expenditure and nitrogen excretion in severe head-injured patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of therapeutic changes on the level of energy expenditure (EE) and N excretion in a homogeneous group of patients usually considered hypermetabolic.
  
  
  METHODS
  EE and N excretion of head-injured patients were measured simultaneously at phases 1 and 2 (patients treated 4 +/- 3 and 18 +/- 8 days after injury, respectively).
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight severe head-injured patients, mean weight 63.1 +/- 6.1 (SD) kg, mean age 21 +/- 3.8 (SD) yr.
  
  
  METHODS
  At phase 1, all patients were sedated with fentanyl (6.7 +/- 1.9 micrograms/kg.hr) plus flunitrazepam (9.1 +/- 4.8 micrograms/kg.hr) and were mechanically ventilated. All patients received continuous total parenteral nutrition. The nonprotein caloric intake averaged 1092 +/- 200 kcal/day, including 77% glucose and 23% fat (Intralipid 20%). The total N intake averaged 7 +/- 5 g/day, consisting of crystalline amino acids. At phase 2, no patient received any sedative and all were breathing spontaneously via tracheostomy. All patients received parenteral and/or enteral nutrition. The nonprotein caloric intake averaged 1929 +/- 200 kcal/day consisting of 65% carbohydrates and 35% fat. The total N intake averaged 13 +/- 2 g/day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EE was significantly higher at phase 2 than at phase 1 (2121 vs. 1737 kcal), but the interindividual variability was low at both phases. N excretion was high at the two periods of the study and not correlated to the level of EE. The RQ was 0.75 at both periods, indicating predominant fat oxidation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We could not demonstrate any parallelism in the evolution of EE and protein catabolism in head-injured patients. The therapeutics (mechanical ventilation, sedation, and nutrition) have a major effect on EE but little on N excretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bruder
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: François
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000652:urine*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen