title: The pharmacology of human anxiety.
abstract: The human pharmacology of anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, is detailed. The major theories center around the role of benzodiazepine receptor, noradrenergic and serotonergic dysfunction. The contribution that challenge tests with lactate, hyper- and hypocapnia, beta- and alpha-2-adrenoceptor agonists, peptides, pentylenetetrazol, and caffeine make to our understanding of the biological basis of anxiety and these major theories are described and discussed.
authors.affiliation: Reckitt and Colman Psychopharmacology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, U.K.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nutt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents