title: Hand dose measurements in interventional radiology.
abstract: Measurements of radiation dose to the hand were conducted using TLD ring badges for individual interventional radiology cases. Results from over 30 examinations (including transhepatic cholangiograms and biliary and nephrostomy procedures) conducted by four radiologists using identical equipment show an average hand dose of 1.5 mGy (150 mrad) per procedure. Hand dose varied inversely with distance from the patient. Due to variable hand positions during clinical examinations, fluoroscopic time was not found to be a good indicator of hand dose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Felmlee
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: McGough
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Classic
mesh_terms: D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry