title: Tyrosine 65 is photolabeled by 8-azidoadenine and 8-azidoadenosine at the NAD binding site of diphtheria toxin.
abstract: 8-Azidoadenine and 8-azidoadenosine, two photoactivatable derivatives of adenine and adenosine, are competitive inhibitors of diphtheria toxin of similar potency with respect to their parent compounds. On irradiation, the two tritium-labeled photoactivatable azidoadenines bind covalently and specifically to an enzymic fragment of diphtheria toxin that is known to bind to NAD. This photolabeling is protected by the enzyme substrate NAD. The radiolabeled protein was fragmented, and the radioactive fragments were sequenced. Tyr-65 is labeled specifically by both photoreagents, and its labeling was reduced strongly when NAD was present during irradiation. Labeling is also reduced strongly by adenine, adenosine, and nicotinamide. These results suggest that Tyr-65 is at the NAD binding site of diphtheria toxin and that the competitive inhibitors adenine, adenosine, and nicotinamide bind to the same portion of the catalytic center of the toxin.
authors.affiliation: Centro Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche Biomembrane, Università di Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santucci
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schiavo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Domenighini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rappuoli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montecucco
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001386:Azides / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001386:Azides; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C029795:diphtheria toxin fragment A; D009243:NAD; D014443:Tyrosine; C012760:8-azidoadenosine; C032235:8-azidoadenine; D000225:Adenine; D000241:Adenosine