title: Development and utilization of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for toxicological applications.
abstract: Recent advances in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) modeling have introduced novel approaches for evaluating toxicological problems. Because PB-PK models are amenable to extrapolation of tissue dosimetry, they are increasingly being applied to chemical risk assessment. This paper reviews the development of PB-PK modeling for toxicological applications. It briefly compares and contrasts the fundamental differences between conventional compartmental analysis and PB-PK modeling. The theory and principles, data requirements and the methodologies to obtain them, and the steps to construct PB-PK models are described. A comprehensive listing of PB-PK models for environmental chemicals developed to date is referenced. Salient applications of PB-PK modeling to toxicological problems are illustrated with examples. Finally, the uncertainties and limitations in PB-PK modeling are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company, Inc., Health, Safety, & Environmental Affairs, Danbury, Connecticut.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants