title: Interaction between cadmium and copper on ossification of embryonic chick bone in tissue culture.
abstract: To investigate the interaction between cadmium and copper in ossification, femurs from 9-day-old chick embryos were cultured for 6 days in the presence of 2 microM cadmium and/or 1 microM copper. It was found that cadmium + copper treatment caused interactively severe damage to osteogenic mesenchymal cells in the periosteum and a severe degenerative change in osteoblasts around the trabecula, resulting in severe impairment of ossification in the diaphysis. Cadmium content was increased by copper; however, copper content was unaffected by cadmium in the diaphysis. It was therefore considered that the copper-induced increase in cadmium content was a primary factor in the interactive toxic effect of the cadmium + copper treatment in ossification.
authors.affiliation: Section of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kozuka
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koizumi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002105:Cadmium Poisoning / Q000473:pathology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004347:Drug Interactions; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D003300:Copper