title: Increased activity of tyrosine hydroxylase in the cerebellum of the X-irradiated dystonic rat.
abstract: The exposure of the cephalic end of rats to repeated doses of X-irradiation (150 rad) immediately after birth induces a long-term increase in the noradrenaline (NA) content of cerebellum (CE) (+ 37.8%), and a decrease in cerebellar weight (65.2% of controls), which results in an increased NA concentration (+ 109%). This increase in the neurotransmitter level is accompanied by a dystonic syndrome and histological abnormalities: Purkinje cells (the target cells for NA afferents to CE) fail to arrange in a characteristic monolayer, and their primary dendritic tree appears randomly oriented. The injection of reserpine 0.9 and 1.2 mg/kg ip to adult rats for 18 h depletes cerebellar NA content in both controls (15.7 +/- 4 ng/CE and 2.8 +/- 1.5 ng/CE, respectively) and X-irradiated rats (17.1 +/- 1 ng/CE and 8.3 +/- 2 ng/CE, respectively). The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in CE of adult rats, measured by an in vitro assay, is significantly increased in neonatally X-irradiated animals when compared to age-matched controls (16.4 +/- 1.4 vs 6.32 +/- 0.6 nmol CO2/h/mg prot., p less than 0.01). As observed for NA levels, a net increase in TH activity induced by the ionizing radiation is also measured: 308.9 +/- 23.8 vs 408.2 +/- 21.5 nmol CO2/h/CE, p less than 0.01 (controls and X-treated, respectively). These results suggest that X-irradiation at birth may induce an abnormal sprouting of noradrenergic afferents to CE. The possibility that these changes represent a response of the NA system to the dystonic syndrome is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Departamentos de Biología Celular e Histología y de Farmacología y Toxicología (Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires) Argentina.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dopico
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ríos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Zieher
mesh_terms: D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000528:radiation effects; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004421:Dystonia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D009638:Norepinephrine