title: Variable-interval schedules of timeout from avoidance: effects of anxiolytic and antipsychotic drugs in rats.
abstract: Concurrent performances were studied in rats under conditions where responses on one lever postponed shock on a Sidman avoidance schedule and responses on another lever produced periods of signaled timeout from avoidance on a variable-interval schedule. Chlorpromazine decreased rates of responding on both the timeout and avoidance levels to about the same extent. The effects of chlordiazepoxide and CGS 9896 depended upon the event maintaining responding. Both drugs increased responding on the timeout lever at doses that concurrently decreased responding on the avoidance lever. Thus, the novel anxiolytic CGS 9896 produced effects that closely resembled those of the benzodiazepine anxiolytic, chlordiazepoxide. Like chlorpromazine, buspirone decreased both avoidance and timeout responding. Despite the documented anxiolytic properties of buspirone, its actions here were unlike those of the other anxiolytic drugs tested. Nonetheless, the differentiation between drugs obtained with the timeout from avoidance procedure indicates its utility for behavioral pharmacology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington 28403.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galizio
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Journey
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Royal
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Welker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D002065:Buspirone / Q000494:pharmacology; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D011720:Pyrazoles; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide; C034704:2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydropyrazolo(4,3-c)quinoline-3(3H)-one; D002065:Buspirone; D002746:Chlorpromazine