title: Growth factor-receptor pathway interfering treatment by somatostatin analogs and suramin: preclinical and clinical studies.
abstract: Interference in growth factor mediated pathways is a new strategy in the treatment of cancer. Somatostatin analogs can inhibit hormone and growth factor secretion, while suramin can block the binding of several growth factors to their receptors. In addition, somatostatin analogs can cause direct growth inhibitory effects after binding to tumoral somatostatin receptors. We tested the efficacy and endocrine effects of chronic treatment with three somatostatin analogs (Sandostatin, R RC-160 and CGP 15-425) or suramin in several tumor models and in patients with various types of cancer. Treatment with somatostatin analogs caused growth inhibition of breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in vitro, and of rat transplantable pancreatic (50-70% inhibition) and prostatic Dunning tumors (12% inhibition). No tumor growth inhibition was observed with respect to DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors, a transplantable colon tumor and a rhabdomyosarcoma in rats. In 34 patients with metastatic pancreatic or gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas chronic Sandostatin treatment caused stable disease in 27% of the patients, but no objective remissions. Somatostatin receptors were found in the responding MCF-7 mammary tumor cells, rat pancreatic tumors and in 20-45% of human breast cancer specimens [J. Steroid Biochem. Molec. Biol. 37 (1990) 1073-1077], but not in rat DMBA-mammary tumors or in 10 human pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Suramin caused significant dose-dependent growth inhibition of human breast cancer cells in vitro and of rat pancreatic tumors in vivo in the presence of plasma levels up to 150 micrograms/ml. In a preliminary clinical study concerning 11 patients with various tumor types we observed significant hematological, biochemical, endocrine and clinical side effects, but no objective remissions in spite of relevant peak plasma suramin concentrations of 270-330 micrograms/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  somatostatin analogs and suramin can cause growth inhibition of various experimental tumors in vitro and in vivo, but the clinical value has to be established for several types of cancer, especially with respect to suramin and suramin-like compounds.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrine Oncology, (Department of Medical Oncology), Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Klijn
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Setyono-Han
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: van der Burg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bontenbal
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sieuwerts
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Berns
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Foekens
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013498:Suramin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D013004:Somatostatin; D013498:Suramin