title: Chemotactic activity and receptor binding of neutrophil attractant/activation protein-1 (NAP-1) and structurally related host defense cytokines: interaction of NAP-2 with the NAP-1 receptor.
abstract: Neutrophil attractant/activation protein-1 (NAP-1) has sequence similarity to platelet factor-4 (PF-4) and to NAP-2 (a truncated from of connective tissue activating protein-III [CTAP-III(des 1-15)]. We compared chemotactic activity for neutrophils of these related proteins. We also included for comparison CTAP-III, CTAP-III(des 1-13), the C-terminal dodecapeptide of PF-4 [PF-4(59-70)], and C5a. Chemotactic potency (EC50) was highest for NAP-1 and C5a. Although chemotactic efficacy (peak percentage of neutrophils migrating) was comparable for C5a, NAP-1, and NAP-2, the NAP-2 response occurred only at concentrations 100-fold higher than the NAP-1 EC50 of 10(8) M. Data for the CTAP-III proteins confirmed that CTAP-III is not an attractant and that chemotactic activity appears as a result of cleavage of residues at the N-terminus to make CTAP-III(des 1-13) or NAP-2 [CTAP-III(des 1-15)]. Chemotactic activity of PF-4 was low and variable, with no significant response by neutrophils from six of nine subjects. In contrast, PF-4(59-70) regularly induced high chemotactic responses, although the EC50 of 1.6 x 10(5)M was 1,000-fold greater than that of NAP-1. The binding of fluoresceinated NAP-1 to neutrophils was inhibited by unlabeled NAP-1 or NAP-2 but not by PF-4 or PF-4 (59-70). This suggests that NAP-2 interacts with the neutrophil NAP-1 receptor. Despite the low chemotactic potency of NAP-2, it is a potential attractant at sites of injury because of the relatively large amounts of the parent CTAP-III released from platelets, as indicated by a serum concentration of approximately 10(-6) M.
authors.affiliation: Immunopathology Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21701.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rot
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baggiolini
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Goetzl
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Castor
mesh_terms: D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D015936:Complement C5a / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000502:physiology*; D008024:Ligands; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000502:physiology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000502:physiology*; D010978:Platelet Factor 4 / Q000502:physiology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000502:physiology*; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008024:Ligands; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A; D010978:Platelet Factor 4; C009862:connective tissue-activating peptide; D015936:Complement C5a