title: Intracellular free calcium oscillates during cell division of Xenopus embryos.
abstract: In Xenopus embryos, previous results failed to detect changes in the activity of free calcium ions (Ca2+i) during cell division using Ca2(+)-selective microelectrodes, while experiments with aequorin yielded uncertain results complicated by the variation during cell division of the aequorin concentration to cell volume ratio. We now report, using Ca2(+)-selective microelectrodes, that cell division in Xenopus embryos is accompanied by periodic oscillations of the Ca2+i level, which occur with a periodicity of 30 min, equal to that of the cell cycle. These Ca2+i oscillations were detected in 24 out of 35 experiments, and had a mean amplitude of 70 nM, around a basal Ca2+i level of 0.40 microM. Ca2+i oscillations did not take place in the absence of cell division, either in artificially activated eggs or in cleavage-blocked embryos. Therefore, Ca2+i oscillations do not represent, unlike intracellular pH oscillations (Grandin, N., and M. Charbonneau. J. Cell Biol. 111:523-532. 1990), a component of the basic cell cycle ("cytoplasmic clock" or "master oscillator"), but appear to be more likely related to some events of mitosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie et Génétique du Développement, URA CNRS 256, Université de Rennes I, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grandin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charbonneau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology; D014981:Xenopus / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium