title: Drug abuse in schizophrenic patients: clinical correlates and reasons for use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to 1) determine substance abuse prevalence and preference in a diverse sample of schizophrenic, schizoaffective, and schizophreniform inpatients, 2) compare drug-abusing and non-drug-abusing patients on demographic and clinical variables during the acute and stabilization phases of their hospital course, and 3) obtain data from patients on reasons for drug abuse and on acute state-related changes during periods of intoxication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three psychotic inpatients consecutively admitted to a New York City teaching hospital were evaluated. Sixty-eight had schizophrenia, 12 had schizoaffective disorder, and three had schizophreniform disorder diagnosed according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. Each patient received ratings on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Global Assessment Scale, and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms at admission and at discharge, an evaluation of premorbid adjustment, and an extensive interview on drug and alcohol use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty (48%) of the patients received diagnoses of drug or alcohol abuse or dependence. The drug-abusing patients primarily used cannabis (N = 26), alcohol (N = 21), and cocaine (N = 14) and reported that they abused drugs to get "high," to relieve depression, and to relax. They had significantly fewer positive and negative symptoms at discharge, better sexual adjustment and worse school performance during adolescence, and more family histories of drug abuse than the non-drug-abusing patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Schizophrenic patients who abuse drugs may represent a subgroup of patients with better prognoses and less severe clinical characteristics of schizophrenia, but their drug abuse may adversely affect global outcome.
authors.affiliation: Payne Whitney Clinic, New York.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Weiden
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Frances
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003042:Cocaine; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine