title: Therapy for women hospitalized with acute pyelonephritis: a randomized trial of ampicillin versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 14 days.
abstract: The efficacy of the traditionally recommended ampicillin (Amp) plus gentamicin (GM) regimen was compared with that of a trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ)-plus-GM regimen and the adequacy of 14 days total therapy for acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (AUPN). Eighty-five women hospitalized for AUPN were randomly assigned to receive either Amp, 1 g intravenously (iv) every 6 h for 3 days, then 500 mg orally four times daily, or TMP/SMZ, 160/800 mg iv every 12 h for 3 days, then 160/800 mg orally twice daily. Initially, all patients also received GM every 8 h iv (mean, 606 doses). Antimicrobial resistance necessitated modifying therapy of 14 (32%) of the Amp recipients but of none of the TMP/SMZ recipients (P less than .001). Both regimens produced a satisfactory bacteriologic and clinical response in all cases. Reinfection occurred in 11% of Amp and in 8% of TMP/SMZ recipients. No patient experienced relapsing infection. The TMP/SMZ regimen was less costly and less likely to require modification due to antimicrobial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brust
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gnann
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Stamm
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D000667:Ampicillin; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination