title: Assessment of the prevalence and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection among college students using three survey methods.
abstract: To evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection among undergraduate college students, the authors simultaneously conducted three types of surveillance on a large university campus (27,902 undergraduates) in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area: a voluntary HIV-1 serosurvey with a linked risk assessment questionnaire (n = 3,394), a blinded serosurvey using blood specimens collected for routine purposes in the Student Health Center (n = 1,829), and a random sample risk assessment and case identification mail survey (n = 1,017 respondents of 3,000 solicited). The proportion of students belonging to a known risk group (a homosexual or bisexual man, intravenous drug user, or a sexual partner of a bisexual man, an HIV-1-infected person, a female prostitute, or an intravenous drug user) was 5.9% in the mail survey and 8.8% in the voluntary serosurvey. Whereas no infections were detected in the blinded serosurvey, two infected persons were identified in the mail survey (0.2%) and two in the voluntary serosurvey (0.06%), all among high-risk persons. Although derived from independent samples and subject to different biases, these three survey methods yielded a consistent pattern of HIV-1 epidemiology on this campus, whereby the overall prevalence of infection was low and confined to members of high-risk groups, despite the common occurrence of behaviors that might facilitate sexual transmission of HIV-1 among many other students.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kotloff
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Tacket
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bridwell
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection / Q000145:classification* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008396:Maryland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011177:Postal Service; D012307:Risk Factors; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires