title: A controlled study of early neurologic abnormalities in men with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although neurologic complications are frequent in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, their incidence and progression in early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remain controversial. The goal of this study was to assess neurologic manifestations in asymptomatic carriers of HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 29 HIV-seropositive homosexual men and 33 seronegative homosexual controls by means of neurologic and neuropsychological examinations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electrophysiologic tests (electroencephalography, multimodal evoked-potential tests, and otoneurologic tests). After six to nine months, the tests were repeated in 27 seropositive men and 30 controls. The investigators were blind to the serologic status of the subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The seropositive subjects had a mean CD4+ lymphocyte count of 635 X 10(6) per liter. Neurologic and neuropsychological examination, MRI, and measurements of pattern visual evoked potentials did not show significant differences between the two groups. The latencies of the median-nerve somatosensory evoked potentials were slightly prolonged in the seropositive men. The initial electroencephalogram was judged abnormal in 8 of 27 of the seropositive subjects (30 percent) as compared with none of the controls, with a slowing of fundamental activity, anterior spread [corrected] of alpha rhythm, subnormal reactivity, and unusual anterior theta activities. These findings were confirmed by computerized spectral analysis. The second electroencephalogram was abnormal in 10 of 25 of the seropositive men (40 percent). The otoneurologic evaluation identified abnormalities in the central auditory or vestibulo-ocular pathways in 34 percent of the seropositive men (10 of 29), as compared with 6 percent of the controls (2 of 33), on the first examination and in 44 percent (12 of 27) and 7 percent (2 of 30), respectively, on the second examination. Altogether, electrophysiologic abnormalities were found in 67 percent of the seropositive men (18 of 27) and 10 percent of the controls (3 of 30) (P less than 0.00005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In persons with asymptomatic HIV infection, electrophysiologic tests may be the most sensitive indicators of subclinical neurologic impairment. Electrophysiologic abnormalities are far more common in asymptomatic carriers of HIV than in controls and tend to progress over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland.
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Koralnik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beaumanoir
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Häusler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Safran
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delacoux
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vibert
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burkhard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nahory
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001299:Audiometry; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004584:Electronystagmography; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000503:physiopathology; D006716:Homosexuality; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009420:Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology