title: Development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a cohort of patients with severe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on long-term antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a group of patients with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection receiving long-term dideoxynucleoside antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the records of all patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or severe AIDS-related complex who were entered into three long-term phase I trials of zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT) or zidovudine-containing regimens at the National Cancer Institute between 1985 and 1987.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five HIV-infected patients with AIDS or severe AIDS-related complex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight of fifty-five patients (14.5%; 95% CI, 6.5% to 26.7%) developed a high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma of B-cell type, a median of 23.8 months (range, 13 to 35 months) after starting antiretroviral treatment. Using the method of Kaplan and Meier, the estimated probability of developing lymphoma by 30 months of therapy was 28.6% (CI, 13.7% to 50.3%) and by 36 months, 46.4% (CI, 19.6% to 75.5%). The patients who developed lymphoma had less than 100 T4 cells/mm3 for a median of 17.8 months (range, 7 to 35 months) and less than 50 T4 cells/mm3 for a median of 15.3 months (range, 5.5 to 35 months) before the diagnosis. All patients presented with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in extranodal sites, and two developed primary brain involvement in the setting of Toxoplasma infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with symptomatic HIV infection who survive for up to 3 years on antiretroviral therapy may have a relatively high probability of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Prolonged survival in the setting of profound immunosuppression with substantial T4-cell depletion is probably an important factor in the development of these lymphomas. However, a direct role of therapy itself cannot be totally discounted. As improved therapies for the treatment of HIV infection and its complications result in prolonged survival, non-Hodgkin lymphoma may become an increasingly significant problem.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pluda
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yarchoan
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Feuerstein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wyvill
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raubitschek
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Broder
mesh_terms: D000386:AIDS-Related Complex / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015215:Zidovudine