title: HT1080/DR4: a P-glycoprotein-negative human fibrosarcoma cell line exhibiting resistance to topoisomerase II-reactive drugs despite the presence of a drug-sensitive topoisomerase II.
abstract: HT1080/DR4 (DR4) is a doxorubicin-resistant human fibrosarcoma line that exhibits 150-fold cross-resistance to etoposide but does not overexpress P-glycoprotein (one mechanism of multiple drug resistance). We examined another possible mechanism that could explain resistance to both doxorubicin and etoposide: a quantitative or qualitative alteration in topoisomerase II, the putative nuclear target of these agents. The amount of immunoreactive topoisomerase II present in whole-cell lysates and nuclear extracts was three- to 10-fold lower in DR4 than in HT1080 cells. However, the topoisomerase II in nuclear extracts from both lines was sensitive to the effects of amsacrine (AMSA) and etoposide. Following treatment with AMSA, etoposide, and 5-iminodaunorubicin, topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage in DR4 cells and nuclei was reduced compared with cleavage in HT1080 parent cells and nuclei. The difference between the HT1080 and DR4 lines in AMSA- and 5-iminodaunorubicin-induced cleavage was similar in cells and nuclei and could be due to the lower amount of DR4 topoisomerase II. By contrast, the difference between the HT1080 and DR4 lines in etoposide-induced DNA cleavage was much greater in cells than in nuclei. This finding suggested that cytosolic factors, removed from isolated nuclei, could influence the susceptibility of intact cells to the cytotoxic and DNA-cleaving actions of etoposide. The specific activities of several antioxidant enzymes, components of the cell's defense against free-radical damage that may be produced by doxorubicin or etoposide, were significantly different in HT1080 and DR4 cytosolic extracts. These differences may constitute an additional mechanism of resistance. Regardless, the magnitude of the resistance of DR4 to doxorubicin and etoposide cannot be explained solely on the basis of a topoisomerase II-related mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Zwelling
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Slovak
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Doroshow
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hinds
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayes
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Sie
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Trent
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000677:Amsacrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D015342:DNA Probes; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005354:Fibrosarcoma; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D015342:DNA Probes; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D000677:Amsacrine; D005047:Etoposide; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II