title: In vivo assessment of napamezole, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist and monoamine re-uptake inhibitor.
abstract: Napamezole is an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist and a selective inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptamine re-uptake in vitro. In the present study, napamezole was evaluated in vivo for its ability to antagonize alpha-2 adrenergic receptors and to inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine re-uptake. The alpha-2 blocking activity of napamezole was demonstrated by its ability to: 1) antagonize clonidine-induced antinociception in mice (ED50 value, 36 mg/kg p.o.; 3 mg/kg s.c.); 2) enhance norepinephrine turnover in rat brain (minimum effective dose, 30 mg/kg p.o.); and 3) enhance locus coeruleus neuronal firing (active at doses greater than or equal to 1 mg kg i.v.) and to reverse clonidine-induced suppression of locus coeruleus firing in rats. The rank order of potencies of napamezole and reference alpha-2 antagonists to inhibit clonidine-induced antinociception (based upon s.c. ED50 values) were: idazoxan greater than yohimbine greater than rauwolscine greater than or equal to napamezole greater than tolazoline greater than or equal to piperoxan greater than RS21361. The relative potencies of compounds to enhance alpha-methyltyrosine-induced depletion of forebrain norepinephrine following p.o. administration were: idazoxan = yohimbine greater than mianserin greater than napamezole greater than RS21361. The ability of each of these compounds to enhance alpha-methyltyrosine-induced depletion of rat-forebrain norepinephrine was reversed by the administration of clonidine. These results indicate that napamezole blocks alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Sterling-Winthrop Research Institute, Rensselaer, New York.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luttinger
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Hamel
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferraino
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Haubrich
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003000:Clonidine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D003891:Desipramine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007099:Imipramine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013747:Tetrabenazine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D010133:p-Chloroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D007093:Imidazoles; D012701:Serotonin; D010133:p-Chloroamphetamine; C065345:napamezole; D003000:Clonidine; D007099:Imipramine; D003891:Desipramine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D013747:Tetrabenazine