title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate: competence factors for ML-1 human myeloblastic leukemia cell differentiation.
abstract: ML-1 human myeloblastic leukemia cells, suspended in RPMI-1640 medium, differentiated to monocyte or macrophage-like cells when either tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), or tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) was added prior to or simultaneously with fetal bovine serum (FBS). When FBS was applied first, and followed, after washing, by the cytokines or by TPA, maturation did not occur. A 77 kDa glycoprotein (DF77), isolated from human leukocyte-conditioned medium and present in FBS, was capable of replacing FBS for induction of differentiation. Thus, in this cell system, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and TPA acted as competence factors, whereas DF77 acted as the progression signal. Optimal competence was established after exposure of the cells to TPA or to either of the cytokines for approximately 2 or 30 min, respectively. After removal of the factors, competence was retained for approximately 3 hr before it declined. These results demonstrate that the initiation of ML-1 human myeloblastic leukemia cell differentiation relied upon the sequential and ordered input of competence and progression signals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263.
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hromchak
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takuma
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Denstman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bloch
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate