title: Growth regulation of the AML-193 leukemic cell line: evidence for autocrine production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and inhibition of GM-CSF-dependent cell proliferation by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha).
abstract: The human leukemic cell line AML-193 was tested for its proliferative response to endogenously produced autocrine factors and to a variety of cytokines and colony-stimulating factors. Cells grown in the absence of GM-CSF incorporated tritiated thymidine, and this was partially reversed by adding neutralizing anti-GM-CSF antibodies to the culture medium, suggesting that it was due, at least in part, to autocrine GM-CSF production. This was confirmed by immunopurification of a GM-CSF-like activity from cell supernatant of AML-193 cells grown in serum free medium in the absence of exogenous GM-CSF. When AML-193 cells were cultured with GM-CSF in combination with other cytokines, Interleukin-1 alpha and beta (IL-1 alpha and beta), Interleukin-3 (IL-3), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), none of them affected the concentration of GM-CSF required to induce 50% of maximum proliferation (D50). However, the maximum proliferation induced by GM-CSF alone was drastically decreased by IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and TNF alpha. Inhibition caused by exposure of the AML-193 to IL-1 for up to 24 hr was reversible, ruling out a direct cytotoxic effect.
authors.affiliation: Glaxo Institute for Molecular Biology, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kindler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ayer
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Mazzei
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor