title: Distribution of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the brain, retina and nervus terminalis of the sockeye salmon parr, Oncorhynchus nerka.
abstract: Neurons displaying FMRFamide(Phe - Met - Arg - Phe - NH2)-like immunoreactivity have recently been implicated in neural plasticity in salmon. We now extend these findings by describing the extent of the FMRF-like immunoreactive (FMRF-IR) system in the brain, retina and olfactory system of sockeye salmon parr using the indirect peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique. FMRF-IR perikarya were found in the periventricular hypothalamus, mesencephalic laminar nucleus, nucleus nervi terminalis and retina (presumed amacrine cells), and along the olfactory nerves. FMRF-IR fibers were distributed throughout the brain with highest densities in the ventral area of the telencephalon, in the medial forebrain bundle, and at the borders between layers III/IV and IV/V in the optic tectum. High densities of immunoreactive fibers were also observed in the area around the torus semicircularis, in the medial hypothalamus, median raphe, ventromedial tegmentum, and central gray. In the retina, immunopositive fibers were localized to the inner plexiform layer, but several fiber elements were also found in the outer plexiform layer. The olfactory system displayed FMRF-IR fibers in the epithelium and along the olfactory nerves. These findings differ from those reported in other species as follows: (i) FMRF-IR cells in the retina have not previously been reported in teleosts; (ii) the presence of FMRF-IR fibers in the outer plexiform layer of the retina is a new finding for any species; (iii) the occurrence of immunopositive cells in the mesencephalic laminar nucleus has to our knowledge not been demonstrated previously.
authors.affiliation: Seward Marine Station, Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska 99664.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ostholm
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Ebbesson
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D019835:FMRFamide; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000737:chemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D009833:Olfactory Pathways / Q000737:chemistry*; D011149:Pons / Q000737:chemistry; D012160:Retina / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D012474:Salmon
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D019835:FMRFamide