title: Surgical hand disinfection: effect of sequential use of two chlorhexidine preparations.
abstract: The antimicrobial efficacy of three 'two-phase' surgical hand disinfection procedures was compared, in a volunteer study, to 60% n-propanol, applied for 5 min, which is the reference hand-disinfection procedure used in Austria and West Germany (FRG). The procedures involved sequential use of unmedicated soap or a disinfectant-detergent containing 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX; 'Hibiscrub') followed by a handrub preparation containing 70% w/w isopropanol plus 0.5% CHX ('Hibisol'). The immediate and sustained effects (3 h) of washing with unmedicated soap (3 min) followed by rubbing on 'Hibisol' (4 min) were significantly smaller (log10 reductions of 1.72 and 1.12) than with each of the other procedures. Use of 'Hibiscrub' (3 min) and 'Hibisol' (4 min) produced log10 reductions of 2.50 and 1.71, equalling those of the reference procedure with n-propanol (2.49 and 1.78). When 'Hibisol' was used for 5 min rather than 4 min, a considerable, though not significant, increase in effect was achieved (log10 reductions of 2.90 and 2.07). Replacement of unmedicated soap by 'Hibiscrub' could significantly improve the effectiveness of the hand disinfection procedure commonly used by surgeons in German-speaking countries; namely to wash hands first with soap and then disinfect them with an alcoholic preparation. It may also be of additional advantage as this adds another 'layer' of CHX when 'Hibisol' rather than alcohol alone is used.
authors.affiliation: Hygiene-Institute of the University, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rotter
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koller
mesh_terms: D000433:1-Propanol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D012915:Soaps / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D012915:Soaps; D000433:1-Propanol; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine