title: Differential activation and inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by modulators of protein kinase C: diacylglycerols, "rationally designed" activators and inhibitors of protein kinase C.
abstract: The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) can enhance or inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. Enhancement correlated with increased interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and activation of protein kinase C while inhibition correlated with decreased IL-2 and downregulation of protein kinase C activity (D.S. Grove and A.M. Mastro, Cancer Res. 51, 82-88). In this study, various activators and inhibitors of protein kinase C were used in order to try to separate the effects of TPA on this enzyme from its effects on IL-2 production and determine if protein kinase C activity was directly or indirectly related to IL-2 production. 1,2-Dioctanoylglycerol, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol, phospholipase C, and two "rationally designed" activators, 6-(N-decylamino)-4-hydroxy-methylindole and 3-(N-acetylamino)-5-(N-decyl-N-methylamino)-benzyl alcohol, were tested. Some activators enhanced proliferation in the presence of a Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, but not concanavalin A. Some activators suppressed proliferation and downregulated protein kinase C. Others neither downregulated protein kinase C nor inhibited IL-2 production and proliferation. However, inhibition or downregulation of protein kinase C activity always correlated with decreased IL-2 and depressed proliferation. Thus, the evidence in this and the previous study suggests that activation of protein kinase C is directly related to IL-2 production in activated T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Grove
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mastro
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D000818:Animals; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D019833:Genistein; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects*; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013449:Sulfonamides; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D004075:Diglycerides; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D007529:Isoflavones; D007546:Isoquinolines; D010879:Piperazines; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; C043204:N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; C049985:staurosporine aglycone; D019833:Genistein; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D013110:Sphingosine