title: [The function of beta receptors in chronic left ventricular insufficiency].
abstract: Hyperactivity of the noradrenergic sympathetic system is one of the essential "compensatory"mechanisms in chronic left ventricular failure. The ensuing stimulation of myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors results in an increase of heart rate and contractility which, to some extent, counterbalances the alteration of left ventricular function, but rapidly reaches its limits: the excessive shortening of diastoles and, mostly, the increase of myocardial oxygen demand neutralize the beneficial haemodynamic effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation, especially when ischaemia is the cause of the heart failure; the chronic exposure of adrenergic receptors to noradrenaline in high concentrations leads to desensitization, to a "down regulation" which primarily affects the beta 1 receptors and spares, at least partly, the myocardial beta 2 receptors which seem to play a quantitatively important inotropic role, particularly in chronic heart failure. These new data on the physiology of the cardiac noradrenergic system have major therapeutic consequences: in practice, the positively inotropic beta-stimulants can only be used for a short period in acute episodes of heart failure; - the use of beta-blockers in low doses is now considered in the treatment of some forms of heart failure; the mechanism of their therapeutic action remains controverted, and their long-term effectiveness in a large patient population is under study; - a new pharmacological class, beta-adrenoceptor partial agonists, seems to give satisfactory clinical and haemodynamic results in mode-rate heart failure, A wider clinical evaluation is needed to determine the therapeutic role of theses new pharmacodynamic agents.
authors.affiliation: Service des maladies cardio-vasculaires, hôpital Cochin, Paris.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cabanes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guérin
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta