title: Nosocomial Pseudomonas pickettii bacteremias traced to narcotic tampering. A case for selective drug screening of health care personnel.
abstract: Three patients in a university hospital developed nosocomial infusion-related Pseudomonas pickettii bacteremia. Investigation identified six additional patients who had received intravenous fluid contaminated by P pickettii but did not become ill. All nine patients had had surgery, and each of these patients but only nine of 19 operated-on control patients had received intravenous fentanyl citrate in the operating room; the mean dose given to the nine case patients was far greater than that given to control patients. Fentanyl in 20 (40%) of 50 predrawn 30-mL syringes was shown to be contaminated by P pickettii. Contamination was caused by theft of fentanyl from predrawn synringes and replacement by distilled water contaminated by P pickettii. Narcotic theft by health care personnel may cause patients to suffer pain needlessly and can also result in dire unanticipated consequences, such as nosocomial bacteremia. Whereas drug testing in the workplace is highly controversial, we believe that testing of health care personnel is indicated when drug abuse or theft is suspected.
authors.affiliation: Infection Control Department, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison 53792.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Alvarado
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zilz
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stolz
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hassemer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Liegel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003415:Crime; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D009873:Operating Rooms; D010564:Personnel, Hospital; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology; D000078329:Workforce
chemical_list: D005283:Fentanyl