title: Pharmacokinetic disposition of zidovudine during pregnancy.
abstract: Zidovudine pharmacokinetics was determined in three human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive women receiving zidovudine (200 mg orally every 4 h) from 19 to 39 weeks of pregnancy and postpartum. Zidovudine concentrations were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic analyses were done using model-independent methods. For the pregnant versus postpartum periods, peak zidovudine levels (mean +/- 1 SD) were 3.9 +/- 1.7 mumol/l versus 4.3 +/- 0.04 mumol/l (P = .56); elimination half-lives were 1.3 +/- 0.6 versus 1.0 +/- 0.3 h (P = .41); areas under the concentration curve were 4.5 +/- 1.0 mumol/l x h and 6.8 +/- 0.5 mumol/l x h (P = .02); apparent total body clearances were 2.5 +/- 0.6 l/h/kg and 1.7 +/- 0.4 l/h/kg (P = .05); and apparent steady state volumes of distribution were 3.9 +/- 1.0 l/kg and 2.6 +/- 0.8 l/kg (P = .07), respectively. Umbilical cord serum levels ranged from 113%-127% of maternal levels. No persistent adverse effects of zidovudine therapy were seen in the three women or their babies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tartaglione
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Burchett
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Opheim
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coombs
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000378:metabolism*; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000378:metabolism*; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015215:Zidovudine