title: Use of emergency services by unaccompanied minors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to describe the use of emergency services by minors who are unaccompanied by their parents or guardians and how they are managed in emergency departments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-administered survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ED directors of 71 emergency medicine training programs, 82 Michigan community EDs, and 56 pediatric EDs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred eighteen (58%) surveys were returned. A median of five unaccompanied minors (range 0.2 to 150) were seen weekly by responding EDs. Pediatric EDs saw the most unaccompanied minors weekly (ten) compared with training programs (five) and community EDs (three) (P less than .01). Emergency medicine training programs had the greatest percentage (3.0%) of minors who were unaccompanied compared with pediatric EDs (2.2%) and community EDs (2.6%) (P less than .05). For all conditions surveyed, only 3.8% of patients would be refused medical care without parental consent. However, 36.8% of patients would have medical care delayed even for conditions that might be painful or harmful if left untreated for some time. Most EDs (85.5%) screen patients and treat those who are acutely ill, but some (11.1%) treat all regardless of severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protocols should be developed for unaccompanied minors to ensure that delays in obtaining consent do not jeopardize the child and that the rights of minors for confidentiality and consent are recognized.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Mount Carmel Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Treloar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lucid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002651:Child Advocacy; D002985:Clinical Protocols / Q000592:standards*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006740:Hospital Administrators; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D008824:Michigan; D033242:Minors; D033282:Parental Consent; D018579:Patient Selection; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires