Productive infection of both CD4+ and CD4- human cell lines with HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIVagm.
Human monolayer cells of various origins were shown to be susceptible to infection by HIV-1, HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus obtained from African green monkeys (SIVagm). Immunoperoxidase staining revealed infection of 2-7% of the monolayer cells, although in order to achieve infection approximately 50-fold more virus was necessary than with CD4(+)-permissive lymphoma cells. No CD4-receptor antigen expression by fibroblastoid cells was detectable by immunofluorescence using several monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), although a low level of CD4-specific messenger RNA expression was revealed by Northern analysis (with the exception of Tera-1 and RD cells). Attempts to block viral infection by anti-CD4 MAbs indicated a CD4 receptor-mediated mechanism for all lines tested except RD cells. We conclude that a low level of CD4-receptor expression is sufficient to allow infection of fibroblastoid cells. The infectability of a CD4-negative cell line indicates a second pathway of cellular infection, possibly mediated by a cellular receptor distinct from the CD4 molecule.
Werner
A
A
Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, FRG.
Winskowsky
G
G
Cichutek
K
K
Norley
S G
SG
Kurth
R
R
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D001665:Binding Sites; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000382:microbiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell