title: Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the kappa-casein locus in cattle.
abstract: The two common genetic variants (A and B) of bovine kappa-casein originate from two point mutations in the codons for the aminoacids in position 136 and 148. These mutations give rise to polymorphic sites for the restriction endonucleases Hin dIII, AluI, HinfI, Mbo II and TaqI. We have examined DNAs of several Italian Friesian cows and bulls of known and unknown genotype by Southern analyses using kappa-casein cDNA probes. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) specific for the A and B alleles were identified for each of the above enzymes, except for AluI, which has a non-polymorphic site 12bp away from the polymorphic one. We have also found two new polymorphic sites for MboII and TaqI in the non-coding regions. These sites differentiate the A allele into two new variants, named A1 and A2. The RFLP analysis permits the characterization of kappa-casein alleles even in the absence of their expression. This should facilitate selective breeding programmes aimed at increasing the frequency of the kappa-casein B allele whose product improves the cheesemaking properties of milk.
authors.affiliation: Istituto per la Difesa e la Valorizzazione del Germoplasma Animale, CNR, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Damiani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rognoni
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sgaramella
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002364:Caseins / Q000235:genetics*; D002417:Cattle; D015247:Deoxyribonuclease HindIII; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D005260:Female; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D015183:Restriction Mapping
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D006020:Glycopeptides; C020251:kappa-casein glycomacropeptide; D015247:Deoxyribonuclease HindIII; C024413:endodeoxyribonuclease MboII; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; C032229:GANTC-specific type II deoxyribonucleases; C027046:TCGA-specific type II deoxyribonucleases