Inhibition of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by sulfated gangliosides.
Four kinds of gangliosides, namely GM1a, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b and their sulfated derivatives were examined for antiviral activities against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and abilities to modulate CD4 antigen on the cell surface. The infection of human T cells with the virus was markedly inhibited by treatment with the sulfated gangliosides at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml, while the non-sulfated gangliosides had only weak antiviral activities. The sulfated gangliosides completely inhibited syncytium formation induced by HIV-1 at 30 micrograms/ml. The CD4 antigen on the surface of T cells became hardly detectable after treatment with them. They did not damage cells, nor prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time at concentrations of up to 100 micrograms/ml, suggesting that they may have little side effect in vivo.
Handa
A
A
Department of Hygiene, Gunma University School of Medicine, Japan.
Hoshino
H
H
Nakajima
K
K
Adachi
M
M
Ikeda
K
K
Achiwa
K
K
Itoh
T
T
Suzuki
Y
Y
D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005732:Gangliosides; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D016264:Dextran Sulfate