title: Potential cost-avoidance with oral extended-release morphine sulfate tablets versus morphine sulfate solution.
abstract: The costs of acquiring, preparing, and administering morphine sulfate extended-release tablets and morphine sulfate solution were compared. Pharmacists at an acute-care community hospital timed the pharmacy and nursing components of the process of preparing and administering single doses of morphine sulfate extended-release tablets 60 mg and morphine sulfate solution 5 mg/mL. The labor cost of each step was determined by multiplying the mean time required to perform the task by the median of the wage scale for the person performing it. Acquisition costs and ancillary supply costs were determined, and the overall cost of each therapy was calculated. The total time required for providing single doses did not differ substantially. However, assuming a total daily morphine sulfate dosage of 120 mg, the time required for administering extended-release morphine sulfate tablets 60 mg twice daily was determined to be 8.90 minutes, compared with 23.44 minutes for solution (4 mL of 5-mg/mL solution) six times daily. Thus, although the cost of acquiring extended-release tablets was considerably higher than that of solution, the total daily cost of therapy with tablets was less than half that of therapy with solution. The potential for cost avoidance and the clinical advantages associated with extended-release morphine sulfate tablets make this formulation an attractive therapeutic alternative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Services, Kelowna General Hospital, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Goughnour
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Arkinstall
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000191:economics*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D006745:Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499; D008510:Medication Systems, Hospital / Q000191:economics*; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013996:Time and Motion Studies
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D009020:Morphine