title: Elevated intracranial pressure and computed tomography of the brain in fulminant hepatocellular failure.
abstract: Cerebral herniation is a leading cause of death in patients with fulminant hepatocellular failure. Classical signs of elevated intracranial pressure are often absent in these patients. A reliable noninvasive method by which the presence of cerebral edema could be determined is much needed. To assess the efficacy of computed tomography of the brain in this setting, we compared the radiographic findings to the intracranial pressure measured by an epidural monitor in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Unfortunately, a considerable difference existed between the presence of cerebral edema diagnosed by computed tomography of the brain and elevation of the intracranial pressure. Our observations suggest that in patients with fulminant hepatic failure and advanced hepatic encephalopathy, computed tomography of the brain is of little value in detecting cerebral edema. Pressure monitoring is most important to establish the presence and guide the therapy of intracranial hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Northrup
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jarrell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Maddrey
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed