title: Mechanical restraint use among residents of skilled nursing facilities. Prevalence, patterns, and predictors.
abstract: The patterns of and risk factors for mechanical restraint use were determined in 12 skilled nursing facilities. Restraints were being used for 59% of residents at the beginning of the study; 31% of remaining residents were restrained during the follow-up year. No facility characteristic was associated with restraint use. The resident characteristics independently associated with initiation of restraints were older age, disorientation, dependence in dressing, greater participation in social activities, and nonuse of antidepressants. Unsteadiness (72%), disruptive behavior such as agitation (41%), and wandering (20%) were the most frequently cited reasons for initiation of restraints.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Tinetti
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Marottoli
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ginter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D032763:Behavior Control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003221:Confusion; D003237:Connecticut / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D012866:Skilled Nursing Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*