Hemodynamic and electrophysiologic evaluation of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy surviving cardiac arrest.
Hemodynamic and electrophysiologic studies were performed in 30 survivors of sudden cardiac arrest with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) to determine responsible factors. Electrophysiologic abnormalities alone were present in 27 patients (90%): sinus node dysfunction in 14 (47%), delayed atrio-ventricular nodal conduction in 1 (3%), abnormal His-Purkinje conduction in 7 (23%), an inducible atrial tachycardia in 7 (23%), and inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmia in 21 (70%). Sustained ventricular arrhythmia was polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 18 patients (86%), monomorphic VT in 2 patients (7%) and ventricular fibrillation in 1 patient (3%). In 1 patient the arrhythmia recorded during an episode of cardiac arrest and induced at electrophysiologic study was polymorphic VT. VT was induced with less than or equal to 2 extra-stimuli in only 1 patient (3%) but with less than or equal to 3 extra-stimuli in 20 patients (97%). Potential causes of sudden cardiac arrest were found in all patients and were multiple in 13 patients (43%). These were (1) ventricular electrical instability in 21 patients (70%), (2) severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in 8 patients (27%), (3) bradycardia in 5 patients (17%), (4) myocardial ischemia associated with hypotension in 5 patients (17%), and (5) atrial tachycardia resulting in hypotension in 4 patients (13%). Of the 21 patients with inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmia, 17 received an implantable defibrillator device and 4 were treated with antiarrhythmic drugs. Seven patients underwent left ventricular septal myectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Cardiovascular Diagnosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology