title: Effect of temperature on receptor-activated changes in [Ca2+]i and their determination using fluorescent probes.
abstract: Several recent studies of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i using fluorescent indicators have involved experiments performed at nonphysiological temperatures, frequently room temperature. In the studies reported here, a reduction in temperature was shown to influence the measurement of [Ca2+]i in two major ways. The first is an effect on the value for the Kd (apparent dissociation constant) used in the calculation of [Ca2+]i. The Kd values for indo-1 and fura-2 were found to change with temperature in a manner analogous to the related compounds [ethylene-bis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid and bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. Experiments showed that the use of previously published Kd values (measured at 37 degrees C) in experiments at room temperature results in errors of at least 25% in the calculated [Ca2+]i. The second arises from the differential temperature sensitivities of the physiological processes that make up any particular value of [Ca2+]i. While resting [Ca2+]i was relatively unaffected by reduced temperature (27 degrees C, 13 degrees C), changes in [Ca2+]i following stimulation were profoundly influenced and in a way that was not simply predictable. Analysis of the responses indicated that the observed effects resulted largely from a temperature-dependent reduction in the rate of Ca2+ removal from the cytosol together with an additional component, namely a marked reduction in Ca2+ entry, at the lower temperature (13 degrees C). The net result was observed as changes in the initial rise in [Ca2+]i on stimulation, together with more profound, and complex, effects on the sustained elevation in [Ca2+]i following stimulation. This latter component was markedly increased at 27 degrees C, but was decreased in cells at 13 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York 14642.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Shuttleworth
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004372:Ducks; D016257:Fura-2 / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology; D012491:Salt Gland / Q000502:physiology; D012995:Solubility; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D002217:Carbachol; C048960:indo-1; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2