title: Release of glutamate and aspartate from the visual cortex of the cat following activation of afferent pathways.
abstract: To test the possibility that glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp) are transmitters at geniculo-cortical synapses in the visual cortex of the cat, we studied the release of amino acids from the striate cortex consequent upon visual and electrical stimulation of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and of the optic tract, using push-pull cannulae. We perfused a discrete region that included layer IV of the cortex with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) and analysed the amino acid content of these perfusates by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Significant increases only of Glu and Asp were obtained among all 17 amino acids measured, except for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), during electrical stimulation of the afferent pathways. Visual stimulation by stroboscopic diffuse flashes of light increased the level of Glu released, but did not change that of Asp significantly. The level of GABA released did not change during diffuse flash stimulation, suggesting that the increase in Glu was not derived from cortical neurons. The increases in release of Glu/Asp were not seen when the perfusion medium was replaced with a Ca2(+)-free, high-Mg2(+)-containing solution. The basal (resting) release of Glu/Asp in the absence of stimulation also was decreased during perfusion with Ca2(+)-free/high-Mg2+ solutions. Intraocular injections of a sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (TTX), resulted in a remarkable decrease in the basal release of Glu. These results suggest that Glu is released as in excitatory synaptic transmitter at least from terminals of geniculo-cortical afferents and Asp from axons of a certain type of visual cortical neuron.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology, Biomedical Research Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsumoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamatodani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002415:Cats; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005829:Geniculate Bodies / Q000502:physiology*; D005971:Glutamates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D008297:Male; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005971:Glutamates; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid