title: Hypomagnesemia and the parathyroid hormone-vitamin D endocrine system in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of magnesium administration.
abstract: Because insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with altered electrolyte metabolism and a derangement of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-vitamin D endocrine system, we studied 23 children with diabetes (age 9.4 +/- 2.5 years) and found lower serum values for total and ionized calcium, magnesium, intact PTH, calcitriol, and osteocalcin than in age- and sex-matched control subjects. All patients were given magnesium orally (6 mg/kg daily of elemental magnesium) for up to 60 days. During treatment, serum magnesium, total and ionized calcium, intact PTH, calcitriol, and osteocalcin concentrations significantly increased, reaching control values. After a 3-day low-calcium diet, the patients had a significantly reduced delta-increment of PTH and calcitriol in comparison with values obtained during hypomagnesemia. After magnesium repletion, the delta-increments of both PTH and calcitriol, in response to the low-calcium diet, were not significantly different from control values. These data suggest that magnesium deficiency plays a pivotal role in altering mineral homeostasis in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saggese
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Federico
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bertelloni
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Baroncelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calisti
mesh_terms: D002117:Calcitriol / Q000097:blood; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D015675:Osteocalcin; D014807:Vitamin D; D002117:Calcitriol; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium