title: Esmolol reduces autonomic hypersensitivity and length of seizures induced by electroconvulsive therapy.
abstract: We evaluated the clinical effectiveness of esmolol, an ultra-short-acting beta 1-adrenergic receptor blocking drug, to control the sinus tachycardia and increase in arterial blood pressures induced by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Each of 20 patients, ASA physical status I-III, participated in a double-blind, randomized study, involving four match-pair trials (placebo versus esmolol) during ECT. Each patient acted as his or her own control (total number of ECT procedures, 160). We administered a 4-min infusion of either placebo or esmolol at the rate of 500 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. We then induced anesthesia with methohexital and succinylcholine. After administration of electrical stimulation for ECT, the rate of infusion decreased to 300 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for three additional minutes and was then discontinued. Statistically significant reductions in mean heart rate from minute 2 until minute 15 and in maximum heart rate (the mean of each patient's maximum heart rate after seizure changed from 152 +/- 23 to 115 +/- 24 beats/min) occurred in patients given esmolol. During and immediately after infusion, arterial blood pressure also decreased. Finally, the length of seizures decreased, as manifested clinically from 48 +/- 18 to 39 +/- 14 s and on electroencephalogram from 86 +/- 41 to 67 +/- 28 s. We conclude that esmolol effectively controls the hyperdynamic response to ECT and reduces the length of seizures. The significance of the latter to the overall effectiveness of ECT is not known.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Hospitals, Columbus 43210-1228.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Howie
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zvara
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: McSweeney
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Coffman
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013616:Tachycardia, Sinus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013617:Tachycardia, Supraventricular / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011412:Propanolamines; C036604:esmolol