title: Pancreatic beta-cell-type-specific transcription of the insulin gene is mediated by basic helix-loop-helix DNA-binding proteins.
abstract: The pancreatic beta-cell-specific expression of the insulin gene is mediated, at least in part, by the interaction of unique trans-acting beta-cell factors with a cis-acting DNA element found within the insulin enhancer (5'-GC CATCTG-3'; referred to as the insulin control element [ICE]) present in the rat insulin II gene between positions -100 and -91. This sequence element contains the consensus binding site for a group of DNA-binding transcription factors called basic helix-loop-helix proteins (B-HLH). As a consequence of the similarity of the ICE with the DNA sequence motif associated with the cis-acting elements of the B-HLH class of binding proteins (CANNTG), the ability of this class of proteins to regulate cell-type-specific expression of the insulin gene was addressed. Cotransfection experiments indicated that overexpression of Id, a negative regulator of B-HLH protein function, inhibits ICE-mediated activity. Antibody to the E12/E47 B-HLH proteins attenuated the formation, in vitro, of a previously described (J. Whelan, S. R. Cordle, E. Henderson, P. A. Weil, and R. Stein, Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1564-1572, 1990) beta-cell-specific activator factor(s)-ICE DNA complex. Both of these B-HLH proteins (E12 and E47) bound efficiently and specifically to the ICE sequences. The role of B-HLH proteins in mediating pancreatic beta-cell-specific transcription of the insulin gene is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cordle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuoka
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D051381:Rats; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007328:Insulin