title: Malignant transformation of adenomatous hyperplasia to hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: To clarify the course of adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) of the liver, 17 patients with 20 biopsy-proven AH nodules were followed clinically for 1-5 years. At the initial biopsy the mean nodular diameter was 10 (SD 4) mm and the relative cellularity [( mean cellularity of AH divided by mean parenchymal cellularity] x 100) 141 (27). The criteria for diagnosis of malignant transformation of AH were both a doubling of nodular volume and changes on imaging. Between 6 and 50 months after biopsy, 9 of the 18 nodules which could still be accurately identified met the criteria for transformation; histological proof of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was obtained later for 7 of these 9 nodules. The product of diameter and cellularity (transformation index) was the strongest predictor of the time to transformation. 9 AH nodules did not undergo transformation--7 did not meet one or both criteria and 2 became undetectable by imaging. Because of the high risk of malignant transformation, it can be concluded that AH is an absolute precursor of HCC. It should therefore be treated as a potential malignant disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makuuchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirohashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayasu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosuge
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Motoo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors