title: Inhibition of muscarinic cholinergic receptors by disulfide reducing agents and arsenicals. Differential effect on locust and rat.
abstract: Muscarinic receptors are altered by sulfhydryl reagents. Arsenic compounds, which have been used as insecticides, exert their toxic effects by combining with sulfhydryl groups. We compared the action of arsenicals and other sulfhydryl reagents on the muscarinic receptor from invertebrate and vertebrate species (locust and rat). Disulfide-reducing reagents dithiothreitol (DTT) and British Anti-Lewisite (BAL), but not arsenicals, inhibited [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) binding. However, after disulfide reduction, arsenicals caused a further inhibition of muscarinic binding. The effect of DTT + arsenicals was largely irreversible. The locust receptors were more sensitive to the action of both disulfide reagents either in the absence or presence of arsenicals than the rat receptors. The sulfhydryl reagent p-chloromercuric benzoate (PCMB) was more effective at inhibiting the locust receptors than the rat receptors, but addition of arsenicals did not cause further inhibition in either the locust or rat receptors. In locust, DTT + cacodylate and DTT + arsenite caused a reduction in the number of sites without modifying the affinity of [3H]QNB binding. In rat, DTT + arsenite caused a decrease in the affinity, while DTT + cacodylate caused a decrease in the affinity of [3H]QNB binding and its number of sites. Competition experiments after DTT + cacodylate showed that the IC50 and the Hill coefficient (nH) remained unchanged in the locust. In the rat, the IC50 for atropine was increased without alteration in the nH, and both parameters were increased for carbachol. These results are explained assuming that the binding site of the locust receptor has a disulfide group similar to that of the mammalian receptor, but that the hydrophobic interactions within the binding site are weaker in the locust receptor. The higher sensitivity of the insect receptor to sulfhydryl reagents could be of interest for developing methods of pest control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Bath University, U.K.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Lunt
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Aguilar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001285:Atropine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002101:Cacodylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004220:Disulfides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006110:Grasshoppers; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011813:Quinuclidinyl Benzilate / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D004220:Disulfides; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D011813:Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; D001285:Atropine; D002217:Carbachol; D002101:Cacodylic Acid; D004229:Dithiothreitol