title: Antibiotic use among children in an urban Brazilian slum: a risk factor for diarrhea?
abstract: Among a cohort of children in a poor urban setting in Brazil, the relative risk for the occurrence of a new episode of diarrhea in the two weeks following antibiotic use vs all other weeks was 1.44 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.33, 2.45). Among children ever [corrected] exposed to antibiotics, the odds ratio was 1.34 (95% CI = 0.84, 2.16) after stratifying by individual child and controlling for previous diarrhea. Further research is needed to confirm whether antibiotics are a risk factor for diarrhea in such settings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geographic Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schorling
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Guerrant
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001938:Brazil; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011204:Poverty Areas; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents