title: Quality control in orthodontics: risk/benefit considerations.
abstract: The literature concerning risk/benefit appraisal for orthodontic treatment is reviewed with respect to factors which influence dental health, social psychological well-being and the harmful effects of orthodontic treatment. There is little evidence to suggest that the absence of malocclusion is associated with a measurably higher self-esteem and life fulfillment, or with major advantages for dental health, except for a limited number of traits. With regard to treatment, small risks of iatrogenic harm exist, while the effects of partial or total failure of treatment, and the lack of long-term stability of results should not be underestimated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health and Development, University of Manchester Dental School.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brook
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards*; D011786:Quality Control; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D012928:Social Desirability; D006113:United Kingdom