title: Clinical spectrum of fungal infections after orthotopic liver transplantation.
abstract: During a 50-month period, we identified 91 episodes of fungal infection in 72 liver transplant recipients (23.8%). Candida species accounted for 83.5% of cases. Clinical patterns of fungal infections included disseminated infection (19), peritonitis (17), pneumonitis (15), multiple sites of colonization (13), fungemia (11), and other sites (16). The diagnosis of fungal infection was usually made in the first 2 months (84.7% of cases), at a mean time of 16 days after transplantation. Risk factors for fungal infections included retransplantation, Risk score, intraoperative transfusion requirement, urgent status, Roux limb biliary reconstruction (in adults), steroid dose, bacterial infections and antibiotic therapy, and vascular complications. Fungal infections were successfully treated with amphotericin B in 63 cases (74.1%) but were associated with diminished patient survival (50% vs 83.5%). Fungal infection is a frequent source of early morbidity and can be related to well-defined risk factors, suggesting the need for effective prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-3280.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castaldo
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stratta
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Markin
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shaefer
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Langnas
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Pillen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003524:Cyclosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D003524:Cyclosporins; D000666:Amphotericin B