title: Placement considerations for measuring thermodilution right ventricular ejection fractions.
abstract: METHODS
  Clinical examination of right ventricular (RV) performance has been hampered by the inability to measure easily RV volumes and ejection fraction. This study was performed to examine the effects of catheter position on thermodilution RVEF measurements. Six pigs (80 to 100 kg) were instrumented with an RV thermodilution catheter in the pulmonary artery, an injectate catheter in the right atrium, an atrial pacing electrode, and a systemic arterial catheter. RVEF measurements were determined using thermodilution in two ways: a) with incremental increases in pulmonary valve to thermistor distance; and b) with incremental increases in injectate port to tricuspid valve distance. These measurements were obtained at a paced rate of 102 +/- 2 beats/min and then repeated with pacing-induced tachycardia (140 beats/min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in thermodilution RVEF measurements with the thermistor positioned 0 to 10 cm from the pulmonary valve at either heart rate. A significant reduction in RVEF occurred with the injection port located 5 to 7 cm proximal to the tricuspid valve, with this decrease becoming more pronounced during tachycardia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that RVEF measurements can be reliably obtained using thermodilution. In these large hearts, thermodilution RVEF measurements appear to be independent of thermistor position within the pulmonary artery. However, large distances from injectate port to tricuspid valve reduced RVEF measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Spinale
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zellner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006439:Hemodynamics; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013552:Swine; D013815:Thermodilution / Q000379:methods*