title: A two-step model for development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
abstract: Both insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction occur during the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), but controversy exists about which lesion is primary. Based on longitudinal studies in the Pima Indians, a population with the world's highest reported prevalence of NIDDM, a two-step model for development of the disease is proposed. The first step is transition from normal to impaired glucose tolerance, for which insulin resistance is the main determinant, and the second and later step is worsening from impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes, in which beta-cell dysfunction plays a critical role. This hypothesis is consistent with findings from other ethnic groups from many parts of the world.
authors.affiliation: Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Arizona 85014.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Knowler
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pettitt
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose