title: Intravenous ciprofloxacin versus ceftazidime for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection.
abstract: Intravenous ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime were compared for efficacy in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection (UTI). Patients with nosocomial pneumonia were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin (as the lactate salt) 300 mg i.v. every 12 hours or ceftazidime (with sodium carbonate) 2 g i.v. every eight hours. Patients with UTI were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin 200 mg i.v. every 12 hours or ceftazidime 1 g i.v. every eight hours. Sputum and urine specimens were collected before, during, and after therapy. For patients with pneumonia, the organisms most frequently isolated before treatment began were Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis. Of the 17 pneumonia patients who completed ciprofloxacin treatment, 15 (88%) had resolution of signs and symptoms or improvement. Of the 15 ceftazidime-treated pneumonia patients, 13 (87%) had resolution or improvement. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Acinetobacter species, and K. pneumoniae infections persisted for the ciprofloxacin treatment failures. Infections by Enterobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter species persisted for the ceftazidime treatment failures. For UTI patients, E. coli was the organism most frequently isolated before treatment. All 14 UTI patients who completed treatment showed resolution or improvement. In the ciprofloxacin group two patients were superinfected by Enterococcus species, and in the ceftazidime group there were two superinfections by Enterococcus species and one by Enterobacter cloacae. Intravenous ciprofloxacin was as effective as ceftazidime in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection. Caution should be exercised when treating serious infections by streptococci or staphylococci.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky (UK), Lexington.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Billeter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tibbs
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dempsey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015163:Superinfection / Q000188:drug therapy; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D002442:Ceftazidime