title: GI symptoms, function, and psychophysiological arousal in dysmenorrheic women.
abstract: In a previous study, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and stool characteristics were found to be influenced by menstrual cycle phase. The current study was designed to replicate initial work regarding GI symptoms and stool characteristics and to explore the relationships between GI symptoms, stool characteristics, ovarian hormone levels, and indicators of psychophysiological arousal. Fifty women (dysmenorrheic, N = 22; nondysmenorrheic, N = 28) maintained a daily dairy for recording stool characteristics, GI symptoms, and daily anxiety level. First morning void urine specimens for catecholamine assays and serum samples for ovarian hormone and cortisol determinations were obtained at menses, follicular, and luteal phases. Results showed menstrual cycle-related differences in stool characteristics and report of GI symptoms, with the greatest changes occurring at menses in the total sample. Dysmenorrheic women reported higher levels of all GI symptoms at menses as compared to nondysmenorrheic women. In addition, cycle-related differences in serum cortisol, urine catecholamines, and report of anxiety were also noted, particularly in dysmenorrheic women. However, looser stools and GI symptoms at menses were not correlated with absolute levels of ovarian hormones or indicators of psychophysiological arousal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heitkemper
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jarrett
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine; D004064:Digestive System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004068:Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005243:Feces; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D008875:Middle Aged; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D006854:Hydrocortisone