title: Mechanisms of rate staircase in rat ventricular cells.
abstract: We studied the steady-state rate staircase in isolated rat ventricular cells stimulated at frequencies ranging up to 6 Hz at 37 degrees C. When contractility was measured as displacement of the cell edge, amplitude of motion decreased while stimulation rates were increased from rest to 1 Hz (negative staircase). With further increases in the rate of stimulation to 6 Hz, amplitude of motion increased for each increment in stimulation rate (positive staircase). Ryanodine at a concentration of 100 nM was a negative inotrope and abolished the rested state contraction and the negative staircase seen between rest and 1 Hz (P less than 0.05) but had no significant effect on twitch amplitude or the staircase at stimulation rates between 1 and 6 Hz. L-type Ca2+ channel inhibition with verapamil (0.2 microM) had little effect on twitch or the negative staircase from rest to 1 Hz, but twitch amplitude was diminished and the staircase was converted from positive to negative at stimulation rates between 1 and 6 Hz (P less than 0.05). We conclude that in rat ventricular cells studied at 37 degrees C, the rate staircase is biphasic: negative from rest to 1 Hz and positive from 1 to 6 Hz. This phenomenon is dominated by Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum at rates less than 1 Hz and by Ca2+ entry through L channels at rates greater than 1 Hz.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borzak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Marsh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium