title: Sequential determinations of serum interleukin 6 levels as an immunodiagnostic tool to differentiate rejection from nephrotoxicity in renal allograft recipients.
abstract: Serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were utilized as an immunologic marker of activation of T cells and macrophages in renal allograft recipients treated with a cyclosporine and prednisone immunosuppressive regimen. IL-6 concentrations were estimated in serum samples selected to correspond to similar timepoints in the clinical courses of renal transplant recipients suffering four types of events: group I, quiescent patients without rejection or infectious disease (n = 16, 147 samples); group II, patients with only rejection episodes (n = 26, 291 samples); group III, patients with only infectious episodes (n = 10, 87 samples); and group IV, patients with CsA-induced nephrotoxicity (n = 15, 117 samples). Serum IL-6 activity measured using an IL-6-dependent cell line (MH60.BSF-2) was specific for this lymphokine based upon the capacity of monoclonal anti-IL-6 antibodies to block target cell proliferation. The control group displayed uniformly elevated IL-6 levels during the first posttransplant day (mean 20.1 +/- 4.1 U/ml range 6.4-64 U/ml), thereafter decreasing by 10-14 days to a mean level of 3.4 +/- 0.9 U/ml (range 1.0-4.2 U/ml). The rejection group showed increased IL-6 levels ranging from 5.3 +/- 0.4 U/ml (range 1.0-64 U/ml) to 56.2 +/- 13.3 U/ml (range 10-300 U/ml, P less than 0.01), occurring at a mean of 2 days (range 0-10 days) before the diagnosis of rejection was established by clinical criteria. Interestingly, all three recipients treated with OKT3 and 5/11 treated with antilymphocyte globulin displayed further significant increases in serum IL-6 levels (OKT3: 46.0 +/- 12.9 U/ml; ALG: 34.6 +/- 7.8 U/ml) one day after inception of treatment. Five of 10 recipients displaying septic events showed elevated serum IL-6 activity--namely, 5.0 +/- 1.2 U/ml to 47.5 +/- 16.2 U/ml, beginning at a mean of 1.2 days before diagnosis. Contrariwise, recipients afflicted with CsA-induced nephrotoxicity displayed reduced IL-6 levels (mean = 1.4 +/- 0.18 U/ml). The ratio (IL-6 activity/CsA trough level) proved to be even more useful than the serum IL-6 level itself to discriminate acute rejection from nephrotoxicity--namely, 0.53 versus 0.006, respectively (P less than 0.01).
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kahan
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003524:Cyclosporins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D015415:Biomarkers; D003524:Cyclosporins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2