title: Analysis of apolipoprotein E genotypes by the Amplification Refractory Mutation System.
abstract: The Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) has been successfully applied to the detection of apolipoprotein (apo) E genotypes in human DNA extracted from peripheral blood. By using four allele-specific oligonucleotide primers and one common primer, one can identify the three common alleles of the apo E genetic polymorphism, epsilon 2, epsilon 3, and epsilon 4. The system amplifies two sequences of the apo E gene, one of 181 bp and the other 319 bp. These sequences are amplified when DNA containing a particular allele is incubated with its allele-specific oligonucleotide primer and a common primer. The method is simple, reliable, and nonisotopic and obviates the need for digestion with restriction endonucleases or for hybridization with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. Genotyping DNA by this method overcomes the problem of post-translational modification of the apo E phenotype encountered with isoelectric focusing of the mature plasma apo E protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Wenham
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005784:Gene Amplification; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D004247:DNA