Cigarette smoking and neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism.
Several studies have reported an apparent protective effect of cigarette smoking for the risk of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). These observations are supported by neurochemical studies demonstrating enhancement of central dopaminergic neurotransmission by nicotine. We studied the prevalence and severity of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism (NIP) in relation to cigarette smoking in a homogeneous sample of 130 psychiatric inpatients receiving long-term neuroleptic treatment. Despite the fact that smokers had significantly higher dosage of neuroleptics during the month prior to evaluation and longer exposure to medication, they presented with significantly less prevalence and severity of NIP than nonsmokers. These findings suggest that the inverse association between smoking and IPD may apply to NIP.
Decina
P
P
Department of Psychiatry, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, White Plains 10605.
Caracci
G
G
Sandik
R
R
Berman
W
W
Mukherjee
S
S
Scapicchio
P
P
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects; D003702:Delusions / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000187:drug effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine