title: Interleukin 2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of p72-74 Raf-1 kinase in a T-cell line.
abstract: Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a lymphokine, produced by T cells upon antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, that is a critical regulator of T-cell proliferation. Although the binding of IL-2 to its receptor has been well characterized, the molecular mechanisms by which IL-2 transmits its signal from the membrane to the interior of the cell are poorly understood. Like most other growth factors, IL-2 causes rapid phosphorylation of proteins within its target cells. Unlike many other growth factors, however, the known subunits of the IL-2 receptor lack tyrosine-specific kinase activity, and little is known about the kinases whose activities are regulated by IL-2. Here we show that IL-2 (but not IL-4) induces rapid phosphorylation of the p72-74 serine/threonine-specific kinase encoded by the c-Raf-1 protooncogene in an IL-2-dependent murine T-cell line, CTLL-2, and that this phosphorylation is associated with increased kinase activity in p72-74 Raf-1-containing immune complexes. The concentration dependence of IL-2-mediated elevations in Raf-1 kinase activity correlated well with IL-2-stimulated proliferation of CTLL-2 cells. Furthermore, much of the IL-2-stimulated phosphorylation of p72-74 Raf-1 occurred on tyrosines. To our knowledge, the Raf-1 kinase represents the first endogenous substrate of an IL-2-regulated tyrosine kinase to be identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6082.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: App
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dobashi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate