Inhalation exposure to 1,3-dichloropropene in the Dutch flower-bulb culture. Part II. Biological monitoring by measurement of urinary excretion of two mercapturic acid metabolites.
A biological monitoring study was carried out in the Dutch flower-bulb culture to determine the relationship between respiratory occupational exposure to Z- and E-1,3-dichloropropene (Z- and E-DCP) and urinary excretion of two mercapturic acid metabolites, N-acetyl-S-(Z- and E-3-chloropropenyl-2)-L- cysteine (Z- and E-DCP-MA). Urinary excretion of Z- and E-DCP-MA, either based on excretion rates or on creatinine excretion, followed first order elimination kinetics after exposure. Urinary half-lives of elimination were 5.0 +/- 1.2 hr for Z-DCP-MA and 4.7 +/- 1.3 hr for E-DCP-MA and were not statistically significantly different. Calculated coefficients of variation indicated that the half-lives of elimination of Z- and E-DCP-MA were quite consistent inter- and intra-individually. Strong correlations (r greater than or equal to 0.93) were observed between respiratory 8-hr time weighted average (TWA) exposure to Z- and E-DCP and complete cumulative urinary excretion of Z- and E-DCP-MA. Z-DCP yielded three times more mercapturic acid than E-DCP, probably due to differences in metabolism. Z- and E-DCP were excreted 45 and 14% as their respective mercapturic acid metabolites. A respiratory 8-hr TWA exposure to the Dutch occupational exposure limit of 5 mg.m-3 DCP would result in a complete cumulative excretion of 14.4 mg (95% confidence interval: 11.7-17.0 mg) Z-DCP-MA and 3.2 mg (95% confidence interval: 2.3-4.1 mg) E-DCP-MA.
van Welie
R T
RT
Department of Pharmacochemistry, Molecular Toxicology, Free University, De Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
van Duyn
P
P
Brouwer
D H
DH
van Hemmen
J J
JJ
Brouwer
E J
EJ
Vermeulen
N P
NP
D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D000498:Allyl Compounds; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; C023891:1,3-dichloro-1-propene