title: Determination of membrane protein structure by rotational resonance NMR: bacteriorhodopsin.
abstract: Rotationally resonant magnetization exchange, a new nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique for measuring internuclear distances between like spins in solids, was used to determine the distance between the C-8 and C-18 carbons of retinal in two model compounds and in the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin. Magnetization transfer between inequivalent spins with an isotropic shift separation, delta, is driven by magic angle spinning at a speed omega r that matches the rotational resonance condition delta = n omega r, where n is a small integer. The distances measured in this way for both the 6-s-cis- and 6-s-trans-retinoic acid model compounds agreed well with crystallographically known distances. In bacteriorhodopsin the exchange trajectory between C-8 and C-18 was in good agreement with the internuclear distance for a 6-s-trans configuration [4.2 angstroms (A)] and inconsistent with that for a 6-s-cis configuration (3.1 A). The results illustrate that rotational resonance can be used for structural studies in membrane proteins and in other situations where diffraction and solution NMR techniques yield limited information.
authors.affiliation: Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Creuzet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gebhard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van der Hoef
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Spijker-Assink
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herzfeld
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lugtenburg
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D001436:Bacteriorhodopsins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D012172:Retinaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D001436:Bacteriorhodopsins; D014212:Tretinoin; D012172:Retinaldehyde