title: Opioid induction of immunoreactive interleukin-1 in Mytilus edulis and human immunocytes: an interleukin-1-like substance in invertebrate neural tissue.
abstract: The synthetic analog of methionine enkephalin, [D-Ala2-Met5]-enkephalin, when administered in vitro to Mytilus edulis ganglia and hemocytes and human peripheral blood lymphocytes, induces the formation of an immunoreactive interleukin-1-like molecule. Additionally, immunoreactive interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity has been found in Mytilus nervous tissue. The stimulatory actions of the extracted immunoreactive IL-1 on Mytilus hemocytes can be antagonized by an IL-1 antibody demonstrating the specificity of the substance. The evidence suggests that the nervous system, via an opioid-IL-1 relationship, can communicate with the immune/defense system through these similar signal molecules. Furthermore, the results indicate that an interleukin-like molecule must have evolved earlier than previously thought.
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Center for the Study of Aging, State University of New York, College Old Westbury 11568.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Stefano
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism*; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005724:Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009417:Nerve Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006020:Glycopeptides; D007375:Interleukin-1; D009270:Naloxone; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine; C022118:enkephalinamide-Met, Ala(2)-; C008890:phosphoramidon