title: Multiple forms of non-associative plasticity in Aplysia: a behavioural, cellular and pharmacological analysis.
abstract: A complete understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying the formation of associations between stimuli, as occurs during classical conditioning, requires an understanding of the non-associative effects of the individual stimuli. The siphon withdrawal reflex of Aplysia exhibits both non-associative and associative learning when a tactile stimulus to the siphon serves as a conditioned stimulus, and tail shock serves as an unconditioned stimulus. In this chapter we describe experiments which examine the non-associative effects of tail shock at three different levels of analysis. At a behavioural level we found that the magnitude, and even the sign of reflex modulation induced by tail shock depended critically on three parameters: (i) the state of the reflex (habituated or non-habituated); (ii) the strength of the tail shock, and (iii) the time of testing after tail shock. Specifically, when non-habituated responses produced by water jet stimuli to the siphon were examined, tail shock produced transient inhibition 90 s later; facilitation of non-habituated responses (sensitization) only emerged after a considerable delay of 20-30 min. When habituated responses were examined, tail shock produced immediate facilitation (dishabituation); the amount of facilitation was inversely related to the strength of tail shock, with stronger shock producing no dishabituation. At a cellular level it was found that the complex excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in siphon motor neurons produced by water jet stimuli to the siphon provides a reliable cellular correlate of several of the non-associative effects of tail shock that we observe behaviourally. When non-decremented complex EPSPS were examined, strong tail shock produced transient inhibition at a test 90 s after shock.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Carew
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001048:Aplysia; D007858:Learning; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology