title: Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor and IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether chronic hyperglycemia causes increased levels of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera were obtained from 59 diabetic patients, 44 chronically ill nondiabetic patients, and 34 age-matched healthy control subjects. Mononuclear cells were isolated from a subgroup of diabetic patients and healthy control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Except for a modest increase in the prevalence of detectable serum TNF levels in diabetic patients, the serum cytokines measured in this study did not appear to be altered in diabetes. In vitro TNF production by mononuclear cells was not altered in diabetic patients. However, in vitro IL-1 beta secretion, in response to lipopolysaccharides, was reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetes mellitus is not associated with significant changes in serum levels of TNF, IL-1 alpha, or IL-1 beta. In vitro secretion of IL-1 beta in response to lipopolysaccharides may be reduced in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Tucson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Arizona.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mooradian
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Meredith
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scuderi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha