title: Experimental nephrotoxicity of the radiocontrast agents iohexol, ioxaglate, and iothalamate. An in vitro and in vivo study.
abstract: The authors compared the renal toxicity of the low osmolality radiocontrast agents, iohexol and ioxaglate, and the ionic agent, iothalamate, at equivalent iodine dose, using experimental models in vitro and in vivo. In isolated perfused rat kidneys, all agents induced comparable biphasic hemodynamic changes, associated with similar declines in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and tubular necrosis. In two different in vivo models (using multiple insults combined with the administration of radiocontrast), iothalamate appeared to induce more severe morphologic injury. Despite similar nephrotoxic potential in vitro, the newer radiocontrast agents, iohexol and ioxaglate, cause in vivo less renal injury than iothalamate in the experimental models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount-Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brezis
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Greenfeld
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Heyman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007472:Iohexol / Q000633:toxicity*; D007483:Iothalamic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000804:Angiotensin II; D007483:Iothalamic Acid; D007472:Iohexol; D005665:Furosemide; D012964:Sodium; D007213:Indomethacin; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid