title: Delayed and immediate onset posttraumatic stress disorder. II. The role of battle experiences and personal resources.
abstract: The current study examined the role battle experiences and personal resources play in the development of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For this purpose, battle experiences (battle stress, military unit environment) and personal resources (coping styles, causal attribution) were assessed two years after the 1982 Lebanon War in three groups of male Israeli frontline soldiers: 1. soldiers who sought treatment 6 months or more after the war (delayed PTSD); 2. soldiers who sought treatment during the war (immediate PTSD); and 3. control soldiers. Findings indicated that both immediate and delayed PTSD casualties reported similar and higher levels of battle stress than control subjects. In addition, delayed PTSD casualties evinced less personal resources than control subjects, and immediate PTSD casualties evinced still less personal resources than delayed PTSD casualties. The theoretical implications of the findings were discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikulincer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waysman
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006801:Humans; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013997:Time Factors; D014857:Warfare