title: Facial fracture protection criteria for the Hybrid III load sensing face.
abstract: A method for establishing protection criteria for the Hybrid III load sensing face has been developed. Impactor PMTO (Post Mortem Test Object) tests described by Welbourne, Ramet, and Zabreski (1989) were repeated with a Hybrid III dummy equipped with the load sensing face. The probability function for PMTO nasal fracture based on energy was used as a basis to determine protection criteria for nasal fracture measured by the load sensing face.
authors.affiliation: Automotive Safety Center, PV 22 Volvo Car Corporation, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Planath
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cesari
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D011482:Protective Devices; D012106:Research; D013314:Stress, Mechanical