title: Learning disabilities as functions of familial learning problems and developmental problems.
abstract: A family history of learning problems as provided on a specially designed questionnaire by maternal report was examined in families of 101 children with learning disabilities and 171 children without disabilities. Diagnoses of learning disabilities followed the U.S. Office of Education definition. Students were selected from the Special School District of St. Louis County and the Pattonville School District. A life history of developmental risk factors in the child subject was also examined in the same two groups. Learning disabilities were found to be strongly familial. In principle, the definition of learning disabilities excluded from the study children with problems attributable to child rearing, emotional, or motivational factors. The report of a family history of learning problems is therefore interpreted as consistent with, although not unequivocally supportive of, genetic factors as determinants. Among developmental factors, only male gender proved to have a significant association with learning disabilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, St. Louis University, Missouri.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hollingsworth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics; D004519:Education, Special; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors