title: Vertical skeletal change associated with Andresen, Harvold, and Begg treatment.
abstract: A retrospective cephalometric study was carried out to compare the vertical skeletal changes between patients treated with an Andresen (30), Harvold (19), or Begg (30) appliance, and an untreated control group (24). It was found that angular changes between the anterior cranial base, the maxillary and mandibular planes, and the y axis of growth showed a transient increase during treatment with the exception of SN-MxP in the Harvold group which decreased. Long-term these tended to relapse and the changes were not significant. Lower anterior face height was increased by 0.4 mm/annum long-term (P less than 0.01) in the Andresen group and upper anterior face height was restrained by 0.5 mm/annum (P less than 0.01) with the Harvold appliance. No significant changes were found in posterior face heights.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dental Surgery, London, England.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012690:Serial Extraction; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014716:Vertical Dimension