title: Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing systemic infections in Spain, 1979-1989.
abstract: Serotypes and antibiotic susceptibilities were determined for 2,197 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with systemic infections over an 11-year period. The predominant serogroups and serotypes, in order of decreasing frequency, were 3, 6, 23, 19, 9, 1, 5, 8, 7, 14, 4, and 15; these types accounted for more than 75% of the strains studied. Altogether, 93% of the pneumococci belonged to groups or types included in the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. Overall, 65.5% of pneumococci were resistant to one or more drugs. The incidence of penicillin-resistant pneumococci rose from 6% in 1979 to 44% in 1989, and the degree of penicillin resistance also increased throughout the study. Overall, the resistance rates were 28% for penicillin, 56% for tetracycline, 43% for chloramphenicol, and 5% for erythromycin. Seventy-one pneumococcal isolates resistant to all four antibiotics tested were found. The prevalence of pneumococcal resistance in Spain is, as far as we know, among the highest published to date.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Bacteriología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fenoll
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martín Bourgon
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muñóz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vicioso
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D012703:Serotyping; D013030:Spain; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents