title: Long-term clinical outcome of schizophrenia with special reference to gender differences.
abstract: A sample of 94 first-admitted schizophrenics and 47 patients with schizophreniform disorder (DSM-III) was personally re-examined after a mean of 10 years (by Retterstöl), and 110 of the patients after a mean of 31 years (by the author). Nearly half of the patients were admitted in 1946-1948 (long-term) and the remaining in 1958-1961 (short-term). Average outcome was significantly more favourable for short-term than for long-term patients. Single marital status and no, minimal or mild psychosocial stressor at onset (Axis IV) predicted poor long-term outcome. At 10-year follow-up there was no difference between men and women in clinical outcome. No substantial change was revealed in men at last follow-up, whereas on average women had clearly deteriorated.
authors.affiliation: University of Oslo, Gaustad Hospital, Norway.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Opjordsmoen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012917:Social Adjustment