title: Leukocytes in the urine after intravesical BCG treatment for superficial bladder cancer. A flow cytofluorometric analysis.
abstract: Cellular immunologic reactions occurring in the bladder after intravesical treatment with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) were investigated by flow cytofluorometric analysis of leukocytes present in the urine. Urine specimens from 11 superficial bladder cancer patients were collected before and 5, 24, 48 and 72 h after repeated BCG instillations. Monoclonal antibodies specific for granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and T-and B-lymphocytes were used to characterize and quantify leukocyte subpopulations. The total number of cells in urine was found to be 2- to 485-fold increased 24 h after BCG administration. The predominant cell type present was the polymorphonuclear granulocyte, probably representing a defense mechanism against mycobacteria. The main mononuclear leukocytes in urine specimens were monocytes/macrophages and T-lymphocytes, indicating an ongoing immune response in the bladder wall. Although percentages of lymphocytes were low, T- and B-cells could be identified using a selective cell measurement procedure. In conclusion, a clear increase in the numbers of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages and T-lymphocytes in urine after intravesical BCG administration was demonstrated, indicating local activation of the immune system.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Pathology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: van der Meijden
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Steerenberg
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Witjes
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Vegt
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Debruyne
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ruitenberg
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001500:BCG Vaccine