title: Dose dependency of germanium-dioxide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
abstract: The dose dependency of germanium dioxide(GeO2)-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated experimentally in rat groups orally treated with high (150 mg/kg/day), moderate (75 mg/kg/day), or low (37.5 mg/kg/day) doses of GeO2, and in an untreated group. Renal dysfunction, indicated by the increase of blood urea nitrogen and the decrease of creatinine clearance, and systemic toxicity by weight loss, anemia, and hypoproteinemia were more apparent in rats treated with higher dose of GeO2. Urinalysis including daily urinary protein excretion did not reveal any abnormalities in any of the groups. Urinary excretion and renal-tissue content of Ge were significantly elevated in the group of the higher dose of GeO2. Light microscopically, vacuolar degeneration and depositions of granules positive for periodic acid-Schiff in distal tubules were predominant in the higher-dose group of GeO2. The present study demonstrates that GeO2-induced nephrotoxicity develops dose dependently.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sanai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onoyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motomura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oochi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takaichi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujishima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005857:Germanium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D005857:Germanium; C040516:germanium oxide; D003404:Creatinine