title: Clinical and virologic effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients receiving chemotherapy for human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of a randomized trial.
abstract: Thirty patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) receiving chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) were randomized to receive either subcutaneous recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) or no additional therapy. Recombinant rGM-CSF (at a dose of 10-20 micrograms/kg/d) was given on days 1 to 10 (early rGM-CSF) to the first five patients, but was changed to days 4 to 13 (delayed rGM-CSF) of each chemotherapy cycle in subsequent patients. Compared with the control group (N = 10), the delayed rGM-CSF group (N = 11) had higher mean nadirs of the absolute neutrophil count (0.36 v 0.89 x 10(9)/L; P = .009), shorter mean durations of neutropenia (4.9 v 1.3 days; P = .02), fewer chemotherapy cycles complicated by neutropenia and fever (67% v 27%; P = .001), fewer days hospitalized for fever and neutropenia (4.9 v 1.8; P = .004), fewer reductions in chemotherapy dosages, and less frequent delays in chemotherapy administration. No significant differences were observed between patients in the control group and those in the early rGM-CSF group (N = 5). Median levels of serum HIV-1 p24 antigen decreased to 18% and 17% of baseline values in control (N = 4) and rGM-CSF groups (N = 6), respectively, 1 week following administration of the first cycle of chemotherapy. In the third week after chemotherapy, median antigen levels remained below baseline in the control group, but rose to 243% of baseline values in the rGM-CSF group (P = .01), suggesting stimulation of HIV replication. The effect of this change in HIV activity on clinical outcome of treated patients could not be determined, and therefore the clinical significance of this finding remains unclear. Complete response rates of 67%, 70%, and 60% were observed in the control, delayed rGM-CSF, and early rGM-CSF groups, respectively, with corresponding survival times of 9.0, 11.4, and 8.0 months.
authors.affiliation: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome/Oncology Program, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Northfelt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grossberg
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tracey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Volberding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000517:prevention & control; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015996:Survival Rate; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D015488:HIV Antigens; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone