title: Developmental sites and relative abundance of immature stages of the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) in beef cattle feedlot pens in eastern Nebraska.
abstract: A 3-yr study was done to determine where and at what relative frequency stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), immatures develop in beef cattle feedlot pens and the relationship of stable fly immature versus adult sample densities. Pens within feedlots were divided into five areas (the feed apron, back fence, side fences, mound, and the general lot); from each area, three core samples were randomly taken weekly. In 1986 and 1987, the feed apron yielded the most immature stable flies (62.5%). The mound and side fences yielded a significant percentage of flies (24.6 and 8.4%, respectively). There was a strong correlation (overall r = 0.86) between numbers of immatures and numbers of adults 2 wk later. In 1988, a drought year, low numbers of immatures were collected, and only one correlation between numbers of immatures and adults was significant. In all 3 yr, sample densities of stable fly immatures peaked and began to decline by midseason. Waste management along the feed apron and mound areas could significantly reduce stable fly populations. Sampling immatures from these areas could permit prediction of adult numbers.
authors.affiliation: Midwest Livestock Insects Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, Nebr.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Skoda
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D006799:Housing, Animal; D009117:Muscidae / Q000254:growth & development*; D012621:Seasons