title: Medical complications in orthodontics.
abstract: Three unrelated cases are described in which complications arose or may have arisen as a result of orthodontic treatment; a swallowed segment of an appliance, an unexplained instance of sarcoid and a patient with chronic juvenile polyarthritis.
authors.affiliation: Glan Clwyd Hospital, Bodelwyddan.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Parkhouse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile; D002648:Child; D004868:Equipment Failure; D004939:Esophageal Perforation / Q000209:etiology; D004947:Esophagus; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D009968:Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012507:Sarcoidosis; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders