title: Activated macrophages kill pancreatic syngeneic islet cells via arginine-dependent nitric oxide generation.
abstract: IL-1 and TNF alpha are assumed to be major mediators of islet cell destruction during the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Here we show by neutralization of the two cytokines with excess antibody that IL-1 and TNF alpha do not contribute to the cytotoxic activity of activated macrophages towards isolated islet cells. However, islet cells can be protected from lysis by depleting the culture medium of L-arginine or by adding the antagonist NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, both of which inhibit the generation of nitric oxide by activated macrophages. These results indicate a role of nitric oxide or its equivalent, the endothelium-derived relaxing factor in the development of type 1 diabetes. This is the first report showing that nitric oxide may damage normal cells and thus may be a hitherto unrecognized pathogenetic factor in tissue inflammation and autoimmune disence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunobiology, University of Düsseldorf, Fed. Rep. Germany.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Kröncke
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kolb-Bachofen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berschick
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Burkart
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kolb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007106:Immune Sera; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine
chemical_list: D007106:Immune Sera; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine