title: Transition-state analysis of a Vmax mutant of AMP nucleosidase by the application of heavy-atom kinetic isotope effects.
abstract: The transition state of the Vmax mutant of AMP nucleosidase from Azotobacter vinelandii [Leung, H. B., & Schramm, V. L. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 12823-12829] has been characterized by heavy-atom kinetic isotope effects in the presence and absence of MgATP, the allosteric activator. The enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of AMP at approximately 2% of the rate of the normal enzyme with only minor changes in the Km for substrate, the activation constant for MgATP, and the Ki for formycin 5'-phosphate, a tight-binding competitive inhibitor. Isotope effects were measured as a function of the allosteric activator concentration that increases the turnover number of the enzyme from 0.006 s-1 to 1.2 s-1. The kinetic isotope effects were measured with the substrates [1'-3H]AMP, [2'-2H]AMP, [2'-2H]AMP, [9-15N]AMP, and [1',9-14C, 15N]AMP. All substrates gave significant kinetic isotope effects in a pattern that establishes that the reaction expresses intrinsic kinetic isotope effects in the presence or absence of MgATP. The kinetic isotope effect with [9-15N]AMP decreased from 1.034 +/- 0.002 to 1.021 +/- 0.002 in response to MgATP. The [1'-3H]AMP isotope effect increased from 1.086 +/- 0.003 to 1.094 +/- 0.002, while the kinetic isotope effect for [1',9-14C, 15N]AMP decreased from 1.085 +/- 0.003 to 1.070 +/- 0.004 in response to allosteric activation with MgATP. Kinetic isotope effects with [1'-14C]AMP and [2'-2H]AMP were 1.041 +/- 0.006 and 1.089 +/- 0.002 and were not changed by addition of MgATP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Parkin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mentch
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Horenstein
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Schramm
mesh_terms: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D001395:Azotobacter / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007554:Isotopes; D007700:Kinetics; D009154:Mutation; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D007554:Isotopes; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; C019699:AMP nucleosidase