title: Effect of toeclip use during cycle ergometry on ventilatory threshold and VO2 max in trained cyclists and runners.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the use of toeclips on the ventilatory threshold (VT) of cyclists and runners during cycle ergometry. Ten competitive cyclists and ten well-trained runners performed two continuous maximal cycle ergometer tests, once with toeclips and once without toeclips. Respiratory data were collected every 20 s and used to determine VT and VO2 max. For cyclists, the mean (congruent to SEM) oxygen uptake at VT (VO2, VT) was greater during the trial with toeclips (48.8 +/- 1.9 ml kg-1 min-1 and 46.9 +/- 1.9 ml kg-1 min-1 during cycle ergometry with and without toeclips, respectively; p less than 0.05). No significant difference in VO2, VT was noted between trials for runners. The cyclists also demonstrated a higher VO2 max during the trial with toeclips (58.8 +/- 3.0 ml kg-1 min-1) compared to the trial without toeclips (54.4 +/- 2.0 ml kg-1 min-1; p less than 0.05). When expressed relative to VO2 max (%VO2 max) the VT during the toeclip trial for cyclists was significantly decreased (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that the cyclists in this study developed specific adaptations related to the use of toeclips, and the use of toeclips during cycle ergometry is therefore recommended. We recommend that future studies report results with VT expressed in both absolute (VO2) and relative (%VO2 max) terms.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health and Physical Education, Portland State University, OR 97207.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Brodowicz
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ribisl
mesh_terms: D001642:Bicycling; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012420:Running
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates