title: Comparison of four subarachnoid solutions in a needle-through-needle technique for elective caesarean section.
abstract: We have used both spinal and extradural anaesthesia with a 26-gauge, long spinal needle through a 16-gauge Tuohy needle for elective Caesarean section. Four different subarachnoid solutions of bupivacaine were compared: 0.5% heavy bupivacaine alone, or with adrenaline, fentanyl or adrenaline and fentanyl. The incidence of complications and time of regression of the sensory block were analysed. The technique is recommended because it allows rapid onset of anaesthesia and the advantages of an extradural catheter. The subarachnoid solution of choice was 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 12.5 mg with fentanyl 10 micrograms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics, Southampton General Hospital.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Randalls
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Broadway
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009339:Needles; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine