title: [The programming of cardiac pacemakers--wish and reality].
abstract: To test the extent and quality of pacemaker programming, 340 programmable pacemakers were selected out of 1,204 impulse generators removed post-mortem. Their actual program was compared with the nominal parameters when first delivered. 177 (52.1%) of the 340 pacemakers still had the same parameters as on delivery. The multiply programmable impulse generators with telemetry were more frequently programmed (61.2%) than the simple programmable ones (43.0%) or the multiply programmable ones without telemetry (43.7%). Rate was the most frequently programmed parameter, followed by impulse amplitude, sensitivity and impulse duration. Refractory time and hysteresis were only rarely changed from the initial state. Apparently, programmability was not thought to be important enough. Programming without telemetry was seemingly too complicated. The reasons for this attitude should be investigated so that the discrepancy between wishes and reality can be overcome.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Medizinische Technik, Universität Giessen.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Irnich
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation