title: Pharmacokinetics and cytotoxicity of RSU-1069 in subcutaneous 9L tumours under oxic and hypoxic conditions.
abstract: The acute toxicity, pharmacokinetics and hypoxic cytotoxicity of RSU-1069 were investigated using the subcutaneous (sc) rat 9L tumour model. The pharmacokinetics were studied after i.p. injection of RSU-1069 (20 mg kg-1 or 100 mg kg-1). For both doses, the elimination of RSU-1069 followed first-order kinetics in both plasma and unclamped tumours. After 100 mg kg-1, the peak plasma concentration of RSU-1069 was 40 micrograms ml-1; the elimination t1/2 was 39.3 +/- 11.1 min. After 20 mg kg-1, the peak plasma concentration was 3 micrograms ml-1; the elimination t1/2 was 47.8 +/- 6.3 min. In unclamped tumours, the peak concentration was 50 micrograms g-1 with an elimination t1/2 of 36.1 +/- 9.6 min for the 100 mg kg-1 dose, and 4 micrograms g-1 with an elimination t1/2 of 41.9 +/- 6.1 min for the 20 mg kg-1 dose. The tumour and plasma elimination half-times were not significantly different (P greater than 0.2) for the two doses. Clamping the tumour 30 min after administration of 100 mg kg-1 of RSU-1069 decreased the tumour elimination t1/2 to 10.9 +/- 1.4 min. After releasing the clamp, RSU-1069 returned rapidly to the unclamped tumour concentration. The unclamped tumour/plasma ratio reached a maximum of 4-6, then decreased to a constant value of about 2 for both doses, indicating that RSU-1069 accumulates in these 9L tumours. RSU-1069 kills hypoxic sc 9L cells more efficiently than oxic sc 9L cells; at a surviving fraction of 0.5, the SER was 4.8. For in vitro 9L cells, the SER was approximately 50 when the comparison was between those treated in 2.1% 0(2) and those treated in less than 7.5 x 10(-3)% 0(2); it was approximately 100 when the comparison was between those treated in 21% 0(2) and those treated in less than 7.5 x 10(-3)% 0(3). Tumours treated with RSU-1069 and clamped for various times exhibited biphasic cell-kill kinetics; at 50 mg kg-1, little additional cell kill was achieved after 40 min of clamping. Our data also indicate that RSU-1069 is 300-1000 fold more efficient than misonidazole or SR2508 for killing hypoxic sc 9L tumour cells in situ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wallen
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Wheeler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008920:Misonidazole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C041712:1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-aziridino-2-propanol; D008920:Misonidazole; D010100:Oxygen