title: Changes in vitamin and mineral intakes and serum concentrations among free-living men on cholesterol-lowering diets: the Dietary Alternatives Study.
abstract: Nutritional adequacy of diets with 18-30% of calories from fat was investigated in men with elevated serum cholesterol (n = 396) at the end of diet classes and 1 and 2 y later. On 4-d food records, intakes of vitamin A, beta-carotene, folate, vitamin C, magnesium, vitamin B-6, iron, thiamin, and riboflavin increased from baseline whereas niacin, selenium, vitamin E, and zinc decreased. Median zinc intake, 80% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) at baseline, decreased to approximately 75% of the RDA, most markedly when intakes of meat, fish, and poultry were limited to 85 g/d. Nutrient densities generally increased. Of the serum nutrients measured, median beta-carotene and vitamin C increased, whereas vitamin B-6, iron, and zinc were unchanged. Below-normal values were fewer for vitamin C and magnesium. Diets similar to the National Cholesterol Education Program Step-Two Diet [less than 7% saturated fatty acids, less than 200 mg cholesterol/d] appeared to provide increased levels of most micronutrients both short and long term to men receiving comprehensive dietary counseling.
authors.affiliation: Northwest Lipid Research Clinic, Seattle, WA 98104.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Retzlaff
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dowdy
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Walden
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Knopp
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D009525:Niacin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019207:beta Carotene
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D009525:Niacin; D002338:Carotenoids; D005492:Folic Acid; D012643:Selenium; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D001205:Ascorbic Acid