title: Effect of ventilation and cardiac output on the uptake of anaesthetic agents from different breathing systems: a theoretical study.
abstract: We have investigated the influences of ventilation and cardiac output on uptake of anaesthetic with different breathing systems, by analysis of simple equations and by computer simulation. Increases in cardiac output and ventilation increased uptake from those systems which provided a constant inspired concentration, but not from completely closed systems with the vaporizer out of the circle (VOC), or when using the technique described by Lowe and Ernst. When the vaporizer was inside the circle, uptake increased with ventilation but not with cardiac output. With servo control of endtidal concentration, uptake increased with cardiac output but not with ventilation. When the fresh gas flow to VOC systems was increased from basal, independence of uptake from ventilation was well maintained until fresh gas flow approached alveolar ventilation, but the independence of uptake from cardiac output was lost much sooner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Hammersmith Hospital, London.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Lockwood
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000764:Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology*; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics