title: Fetal alcohol syndrome in adolescents and adults.
abstract: Fetal alcohol syndrome is a specific recognizable pattern of malformation. Manifestations in 61 adolescents and adults suffering from alcohol teratogenesis are presented. After puberty, the faces of patients with fetal alcohol syndrome or fetal alcohol effects were not as distinctive. Patients tended to remain short and microcephalic, although their weight was somewhat closer to the mean. The average IQ was 68, but the range of IQ scores widely varied. Average academic functioning was at the second- to fourth-grade levels, with arithmetic deficits most characteristic. Maladaptive behaviors such as poor judgment, distractibility, and difficulty perceiving social cues were common. Family environments were remarkably unstable. Fetal alcohol syndrome is not just a childhood disorder; there is a predictable long-term progression of the disorder into adulthood, in which maladaptive behaviors present the greatest challenge to management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Child Development/Mental Retardation Center, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Streissguth
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aase
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Clarren
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Randels
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: LaDue
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001827:Body Height; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities; D005149:Facial Expression; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male