title: Whole-bowel irrigation as a treatment for acute lithium overdose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if gastrointestinal decontamination using whole-bowel irrigation (WBI) was an effective treatment for acute ingestion of sustained-release lithium.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a two-phase, crossover protocol, ten normal volunteers ingested in each phase 0.80 mEq/kg sustained-release lithium carbonate. In the second phase, WBI was begun one hour after lithium ingestion, and 10 L of polyethylene glycol solution were administered over five hours. Serum samples were collected every half hour for six hours, every hour for an additional six hours, and then every 24 hours for as long as 72 hours after ingestion. These samples were analyzed for lithium concentration. The area under the lithium serum concentration-versus-time curve was calculated for each phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average area under the lithium serum concentration-versus-time curve in the WBI phase was 67% +/- 11% less than that in the control phase (P less than .0005 using a two-tailed Student's t test). The mean serum lithium concentration was significantly decreased (P = .03) within one hour of beginning WBI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WBI is an effective treatment for acute ingestion of sustained-release lithium. We recommend it as the decontaminant procedure of choice in this situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Halstenson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines; D008094:Lithium / Q000506:poisoning*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D008094:Lithium