title: Identification of the major metabolites and DNA adducts formed from 2-nitropyrene in vitro.
abstract: In contrast to 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), which is the most abundant nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in numerous environmental sources, 2-nitropyrene (2-NP) has been detected only in the ambient air and not in direct emissions. Thus, 2-NP can be used as an indicator for monitoring human exposure to nitropolynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air. Therefore, it is essential to determine the possible metabolic pathways of 2-NP. The metabolism of 2-NP by rat liver 9000 g supernatant was investigated. Under aerobic conditions, ring oxidation to 6-hydroxy-2-nitropyrene and nitroreduction to 2-aminopyrene (2-AP) were observed. When incubations were carried out in an atmosphere of nitrogen, 2-AP was the only metabolite detected. These results are consistent with those observed with 1-NP. In vitro metabolic activation of 2-NP to DNA adducts catalyzed by xanthine oxidase was also examined. Two adducts were characterized as N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminopyrene and N-(deoxyadenosin-8-yl)-2-aminopyrene. The presence of deoxyadenosine adduct, which is derived from the nitroreduction pathway, may contribute to the powerful direct-acting mutagenicity of 2-NP.
authors.affiliation: American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY 10595.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Upadhyaya
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: el-Bayoumy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: D011721:Pyrenes; C049029:2-nitropyrene; D004247:DNA