title: CAAT/enhancer binding protein is able to bind to ATF/CRE elements.
abstract: The transcription factor C/EBP is known to be able to bind to two different classes of sites, a CAAT-box and one present in a number of viral enhancers. In this paper we show using band-shift assays, methylation interference and footprinting that C/EBP is also able to bind with high affinity to ATF/CRE sites. Competition with mutant ATF sites and methylation interference indicate that C/EBP may be able to bind to the ATF/CRE sites by virtue of their homology to the enhancer core elements. Furthermore, we show that C/EBP is able to direct transcription from this site in transient transfection experiments and that mutations in the ATF binding site that impair DNA binding also effect the ability of C/EBP to stimulate transcription.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D051696:Activating Transcription Factors; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D051696:Activating Transcription Factors; D001798:Blood Proteins; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors