title: Branchial fistula--a review.
abstract: Congenital branchial fistula and their embryology is well described in the literature. The accepted standard treatment method includes stepladder excision for extensive fistulas. This paper presents two cases (Case 1 and 2) which are embryologically typical of second and third arch origin respectively; and a third case (Case 3) which has not been previously described. Case 3 appears to be a hitherto unreported combination of first and second arch origin. Case 1 and 2 were treated via a standard stepladder excision approach. A different newer approach was utilised in Case 3, that is, stripping of the fistulous tract with Myer's vein stripper. Unlike the stepladder approach, this is simple and avoids extensive time consuming dissection. However, being a blind procedure, it is not generally advocated if vital structures exist in the proximity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolarygology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Krishnan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001935:Branchioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography