title: Effect of selective flora suppression on colonization, infection, and mortality in critically ill patients: a one-year, prospective consecutive study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of enterally administered polymyxin E, tobramycin, and amphotericin B (selective flora suppression) on bacterial colonization, infection, resistance, and mortality rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, consecutive crossover controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two surgical ICUs in a university hospital; ICU I with ten beds, ICU II with eight beds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred patients entered the 1-yr trial. Fifty of 111 patients received selective flora suppression during the first 6 months in ICU I (test group), while 61 of 111 patients served as the control group in the following 6 months. In ICU II, 49 of 89 patients received no selective flora suppression in the first 6 months (control group), followed by 40 of 89 patients receiving selective flora suppression during the second 6-month period (test group).
  
  
  METHODS
  The test group got a mixture of nonabsorbable antibiotics (paste and suspension) in the digestive tract. The control group received paste and suspension without antimicrobial agents. All 200 patients received cefotaxime during the first 4 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the use of selective flora suppression, colonization with aerobic Gram-negative bacilli was significantly (p less than .01) reduced. There was also a significant reduction in nosocomial bronchopulmonary (ICU I and II; p less than .001) and urinary tract (ICU II; p less than .001) infections. The difference in mortality was not significant. There was no development of resistance against the antibiotics used during the limited period evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective flora suppression is effective in reducing secondary colonization by aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Reduction of bronchopulmonary and urinary tract infections most likely occurs with colonization prevention.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, FRG.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hartenauer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thülig
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Diemer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lawin
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fegeler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kehrel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ritzerfeld
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001996:Bronchopneumonia / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D003091:Colistin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003422:Critical Care; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006088:Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D009824:Ointments; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000517:prevention & control; D013535:Suspensions; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D009824:Ointments; D013535:Suspensions; D000666:Amphotericin B; D014031:Tobramycin; D003091:Colistin