title: Maturation of respiratory reflex responses in the piglet.
abstract: Stimulation of chemo-, irritant, and pulmonary C-fiber receptors reflexly constricts airway smooth muscle and alters ventilation in mature animals. These reflex responses of airway smooth muscle have, however, not been clearly characterized during early development. In this study we compared the maturation of reflex pathways regulating airway smooth muscle tone and ventilation in anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated 2- to 3- and 10-wk-old piglets. Tracheal smooth muscle tension was measured from an open tracheal segment by use of a force transducer, and phrenic nerve activity was measured from a proximal cut end of the phrenic nerve. Inhalation of 7% CO2 caused a transient increase in tracheal tension in both age groups, whereas hypoxia caused no airway smooth muscle response in either group. The phrenic responses to 7% CO2 and 12% O2 were comparable in both age groups. Lung deflation and capsaicin (20 micrograms/kg iv) administration did not alter tracheal tension in the younger piglets but caused tracheal tension to increase by 87 +/- 28 and 31 +/- 10%, respectively, in the older animals (both P less than 0.05). In contrast, phrenic response to both stimuli was comparable between ages: deflation increased phrenic activity while capsaicin induced neural apnea. Laryngeal stimulation did not increase tracheal tension but induced neural apnea in both age groups. These data demonstrate that between 2 and 10 wk of life, piglets exhibit developmental changes in the reflex responses of airway smooth muscle situated in the larger airways in response to irritant and C-fiber but not chemoreceptor stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haxhiu-Poskurica
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Carlo
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: DiFiore
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Haxhiu
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology; D005703:Gallamine Triethiodide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D024510:Muscle Development; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D014132:Trachea / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D005703:Gallamine Triethiodide; D002211:Capsaicin