The association between alcohol and breast cancer risk: evidence from the combined analysis of six dietary case-control studies.
Data from 1,575 cases and 1,974 controls enrolled in 6 previously conducted case-control studies of diet and breast cancer have been analysed with respect to alcohol intake. There appears to be an absence of any association between consumption of up to 40 g of alcohol per day and risk of breast cancer, and a highly statistically significant and consistent elevated risk of breast cancer for drinkers of 40 g or more of alcohol per day, for whom the relative risk, as compared with that of non-drinkers, is 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.19 to 2.40). This association is not due to confounding by a number of diet-related factors, including total calories, fat, fibre and vitamin C.
Howe
G
G
Epidemiology Unit, National Cancer Institute of Canada, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario.
Rohan
T
T
Decarli
A
A
Iscovich
J
J
Kaldor
J
J
Katsouyanni
K
K
Marubini
E
E
Miller
A
A
Riboli
E
E
Toniolo
P
P
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk