title: A soluble factor induced by an extract from Pinus parviflora Sieb et Zucc can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro.
abstract: We showed that an extract (PC6) from cones of Pinus parviflora Sieb et Zucc induced the human T-cell line CEM to produce a pepsin-sensitive soluble factor(s) that could inhibit the replication of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in CEM T cells, in U-937 histocytes, in THP-1 monocytes, and in mitogen-activated human tonsillar mononuclear cells. Indirect immunofluorescence staining and polymerase chain reaction analysis of the PC6-induced CEM cells revealed the absence of known lymphokines/cytokines except granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 3 (IL-3), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). However, functional studies with recombinant IL-3, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta 1 showed that these three factors did not inhibit HIV-1 replication in CEM cells. Neutralization of the PC6-induced HIV-1-inhibiting factor(s) with commercially available neutralizing antibodies to GM-CSF and TNF-alpha also did not abrogate the anti-HIV-1 impact. Thus, the anti-HIV-1 factor induced by PC6 may be novel. Molecular sieve separation showed that the anti-HIV-1 factor(s) is smaller than 30 kDa. Affinity chromatography using a DEAE-cellulose column enriched the factor that inhibited HIV-1.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Tampa Bay Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL 33716.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nonoyama
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002460:Cell Line; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014197:Trees; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006133:Growth Substances; D007377:Interleukin-3; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha