title: Transcriptional role of a conserved GATA-1 site in the human epsilon-globin gene promoter.
abstract: The epsilon-globin gene is the first of the human beta-like globin genes to be expressed during development. We have analyzed protein-DNA interactions in the epsilon-globin promoter region by DNase I footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift experiments using nuclear extracts from K562 human erythroid cells and from nonerythroid HeLa cells. A restricted set of ubiquitous proteins, including Sp1, bound to regions of the promoter including the CACCC and CCAAT sites. Three interactions, at positions -213, -165, and +3 relative to the transcription start site, were erythroid specific and corresponded to binding of GATA-1, a transcription factor highly restricted to the erythroid lineage. Interestingly, the GATA-1 site at -165 has been conserved in the promoters of 10 mammalian embryonic globin genes. Point mutations demonstrate that GATA-1 binding to this site is necessary for interaction with an erythroid-specific enhancer but that in the absence of an enhancer, GATA-1 does not increase transcription.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: Q H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dean
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics*; D006367:HeLa Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009710:Nucleotide Mapping; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; C494688:GATA1 protein, human; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005914:Globins; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I