title: Sequential cerebrospinal fluid and plasma sampling in humans: 24-hour melatonin measurements in normal subjects and after peripheral sympathectomy.
abstract: Simultaneous measurements of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) melatonin and urinary excretion of 6-hydroxymelatonin were performed in four normal volunteers and one patient before and after upper thoracic sympathectomy for the control of essential hyperhidrosis. For normal individuals, hourly 24-h melatonin concentrations in plasma and CSF exhibited similar profiles, with low levels during the day and high levels at night. Peak plasma levels varied from 122-660 pmol/L, and the peak CSF levels from 94-355 pmol/L. The onset of the nocturnal increase in melatonin did not occur at the same time for each individual. Urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin levels also exhibited a daily rhythm, with peak excretion at night. The individual with the lowest nocturnal levels of circulating melatonin also had the lowest excretion of 6-hydroxymelatonin. In the patient with hyperhidrosis, a prominent melatonin rhythm was observed preoperatively in the CSF and plasma. After bilateral T1-T2 ganglionectomy, however, melatonin levels were markedly reduced, and the diurnal rhythm was abolished. These results provide direct evidence in humans for a diurnal melatonin rhythm in CSF and plasma as well as regulation of this rhythm by sympathetic innervation.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tamarkin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Riedel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Markey
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oldfield
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000379:methods; D012016:Reference Values; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013562:Sympathectomy
chemical_list: D008550:Melatonin