title: Somato-, branchio- and viscero-motor neurons contain glutaminase-like immunoreactivity.
abstract: Immunocytochemistry combined with a fluorescent dye tracer method revealed that somatic, branchial and visceral motoneurons in the brainstem and spinal cord of the rat contain phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG). An excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is synthesized mainly through this enzyme. Among these motoneurons, neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (dmnX), autonomic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord and urethral sphincter motoneurons (DL) were most intensely immunostained. PAG is co-expressed with choline acetyltransferase, calcitonin gene-related peptide or galanin in these neurons. These findings, together with the findings that motor endplates in urethral sphincter muscle contain PAG and PAG-like immunostaining in dmnX motoneurons was decreased after axotomy, suggest that glutamate is a co-transmitter of acetylcholine in motoneurons. Brainstem motoneurons were moderately stained, while somatic motoneurons in the spinal cord other than DL, showed very weak staining for PAG. However, they showed intense PAG-like immunoreactivity at their premature stage, suggesting that glutamate has some effects on the maturation of these neurons. A variety of functional roles of glutamate in motoneurons is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy II, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Senba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000201:enzymology; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000032:analysis; D005972:Glutaminase / Q000032:analysis*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000201:enzymology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D014781:Viscera / Q000294:innervation
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase; D005972:Glutaminase