title: Intrathecal morphine does not reduce minimum alveolar concentration of halothane in humans: results of a double-blind study.
abstract: The effect of intrathecal morphine on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane was investigated in 22 patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to the control (CTRL) or intrathecal morphine sulfate (ITMS)-treated groups. Approximately 2.5 h before induction of anesthesia with halothane, the ITMS-treated group received 15 micrograms/kg preservative-free ITMS (Duramorph; Elkins-Sinn, Cherry Hill, NJ) while in the right lateral decubitus position. The CTRL group was treated in an identical fashion except that, after placement of the introducer needle, actual dural puncture was omitted. After inhalational induction with halothane as the sole anesthetic agent, the patients' responses to surgical incision were recorded. MAC was determined with the modified up-down method of Dixon and verified with probit analysis. MAC (+/- SE) after ITMS was 0.76 +/- 0.06, compared with a CTRL MAC of 0.78 +/- 0.15 (not significant). Under the conditions of this study, the MAC of halothane in humans was not significantly affected by ITMS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195-216.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Licina
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Nicodemus
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spitzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006221:Halothane; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D006221:Halothane