Dimeric ristocetin flocculates proteins, binds to platelets, and mediates von Willebrand factor-dependent agglutination of platelets.
Ristocetin in aqueous solution dimerizes with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 5.0 x 10(-4) M, i.e. approximately 1.1 mg ml-1 (Waltho, J.P., and Williams, D. H. (1989) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 2475-2480). At concentrations of about 1.0 mg ml-1 ristocetin flocculates many proteins, lyses platelets and, in the presence of von Willebrand factor, agglutinates both fresh and formalin-fixed platelets. Because ristocetin exists as both monomeric and dimeric species, we sought to determine which of these forms flocculates proteins and agglutinates platelets. We found that: 1) the initial rate of flocculation of certain proteins, 2) the initial rate of agglutination of formalin-fixed platelets, and 3) the binding of ristocetin to formalin-fixed platelets are higher order solely with respect to the concentration of ristocetin dimers. As to the operative mechanism, it appears that bifunctional dimers cross-link proteins that possess multiple copies of a common recognition site. Preliminary evidence indicates that a recognition site is a beta-turn of the form X-P-G-X'.
Scott
J P
JP
Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
Montgomery
R R
RR
Retzinger
G S
GS
D000347:Afibrinogenemia / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D005428:Flocculation Tests; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D012310:Ristocetin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism*
D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D012310:Ristocetin; D005557:Formaldehyde; D005340:Fibrinogen