title: Neutrophil recruitment by intradermally injected neutrophil attractant/activation protein-1.
abstract: Neutrophil attractant/activation protein-1 (NAP-1) is a recently described cytokine that attracts neutrophils, but not monocytes or eosinophils. This leukocyte specificity is not absolute, in that NAP-1 attracts basophils and small numbers of lymphocytes. Our purpose was to determine in vivo effects of NAP-1, and to compare them to the reported action of the complement attractant, C5a. Intradermal injection into normal human subjects of 40 microliters of NAP-1, over a concentration range of 4 x 10(-8) M to 10(-6) M, caused no symptoms or signs such as wheal-and-flare, itching, induration, or tenderness. However, biopsies of injection sites showed perivascular neutrophil infiltration as early as 30 min, which increased at 1 and 3 h. The mean number of neutrophils per mm2 of dermis for 15 biopsies taken 3 h after intradermal injection of 2 x 10(-7) M or 10(-6) M NAP-1 was 164 +/- 41; the response to saline or a NAP-1 inactive fragment was 5 or less. Intradermal NAP-1 did not cause basophil or lymphocyte infiltration. Consistent with the absence of a wheal-and-flare, acid toluidine blue-stained sections showed no evidence of mast cell degranulation, in contrast to previously reported results with C5a. Thus, the predominant response by human subjects to intradermal NAP-1 was neutrophil accumulation in proximity to dermal blood vessels.
authors.affiliation: Immunopathology Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raffeld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8