title: Mutagenicity testing of condensates of smoke from titanium dioxide/hexachloroethane and zinc/hexachloroethane pyrotechnic mixtures.
abstract: Condensates of smoke from titanium dioxide/hexachloroethane and zinc/hexachloroethane pyrotechnic mixtures were investigated for their potential to produce genetic damage in the tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 of Salmonella typhimurium and in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. Both smoke condensates contained several chlorinated hydrocarbons among which tetrachloroethylene, hexachloroethane, hexachlorobutadiene and hexachlorobenzene were identified by GC/MS. Condensate of smoke from titanium dioxide/hexachloroethane showed a dose-related positive response in the Salmonella assay with strains TA98 and TA100 in the absence of metabolic activation from rat liver S9 fraction. Both smoke condensates were negative in the micronucleus assay but produced a small but significant depression of erythropoietic activity. The results indicate that smoke condensate from titanium dioxide/hexachloroethane mixtures contains unidentified compound(s) that may be considered mutagenic in the Salmonella assay.
authors.affiliation: National Defence Research Establishment, Department of NBC Defence, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fängmark
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Häggqvist
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rittfeldt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marchner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000633:toxicity*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects*; D004980:Ethane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D015032:Zinc / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D012906:Smoke; C009495:titanium dioxide; D004247:DNA; D014025:Titanium; C010182:hexachloroethane; D015032:Zinc; D004980:Ethane