title: Internalization of erythrocytes into liver parenchymal cells in naturally hibernating frogs (Rana esculenta L.).
abstract: Mature and intact red blood cells were found in hepatocytes of frogs during natural underground hibernation. No signs of erythrophagocytosis, e.g., separating membranes between erythrocyte and hepatocyte cytoplasm, and lysosomes, were observed. Red blood cells probably penetrated into hepatocytes by ameboid-like mechanisms, which can be deduced by cytoplasmic protrusions and invaginations. Most of the hepatocytes had large amounts of stored glycogen and few organelles, often segregated in condensed areas. The narrowed bile canalicular lumens without lysosomes and exocytotic vacuoles around them and the reduction of the Disse spaces indicate a low metabolic activity of liver during natural hibernation. The dramatic accumulation of red cells in the hepatocytes of hibernating frogs could share similarities with the phenomenon of internalization of leucocytes into epithelial cells of some vertebrate's tissues via emperipolesis, the mechanisms of which are not well understood.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Fisiologia Generale e Chimica Biologica, Universita di Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bernocchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006605:Hibernation / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D011893:Rana esculenta