title: A review of disorders of water homeostasis in psychiatric patients.
abstract: Disorders of water homeostasis are common in psychiatric patients and include compulsive water drinking, the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), and the syndrome of self-induced water intoxication (SIWI). Although water intoxication was recognized nearly 70 years ago, the physiological basis of these disorders of water metabolism still remains elusive. This review will provide a historical overview, critique current studies on compulsive water drinking and SIWI, discuss possible etiologies, and present current approaches to treatment of these disorders. Because of the complexity of the subject, a review of normal water homeostasis and the SIADH will be included.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Dysken
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Opsahl
mesh_terms: D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007177:Inappropriate ADH Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects; D013894:Thirst / Q000502:physiology; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000502:physiology; D014869:Water Intoxication / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D014667:Vasopressins