title: Edward Martin (1859-1938). The founding father of modern clinical andrology.
abstract: Edward Martin (1858-1938) was the first surgeon to treat successfully the problem of obstructive azoospermia, a feat that he first described in 1902. He subsequently carried out a total of 11 such operations that resulted in seven patencies and three pregnancies. He also demonstrated that the epididymis was the major site of these obstructive lesions. He pointed out the need for semen analysis in diagnosis and also demonstrated that azoospermia could have two causes, namely spermatogenic failure and ductal obstruction. He also made some important observations on sperm movement. He was probably the first clinician to demonstrate surgically ejaculatory duct obstruction, vasal atrophy and congenital absence of the vas. Most important of all, he demonstrated the need for accurate diagnosis in the treatment of male infertility. An argument is put forward that Edward Martin deserves the title of the 'Founding Father of Modern Clinical Andrology'.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, U.K.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jequier
mesh_terms: D004822:Epididymis / Q000601:surgery; D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D015143:Philadelphia