title: Preseason strength and flexibility imbalances associated with athletic injuries in female collegiate athletes.
abstract: One hundred thirty-eight female collegiate athletes, participating in eight weightbearing varsity sports, were administered preseason strength and flexibility tests and followed for injuries during their sports seasons. Strength was measured as the maximal isokinetic torque of the right and left knee flexors and knee extensors at 30 and 180 deg/sec. Flexibility was measured as the active range of motion of several lower body joints. An athletic trainer evaluated and recorded injuries occurring to the athletes in practice or competition. Forty percent of the women suffered one or more injuries. Athletes experienced more lower extremity injuries if they had: 1) a right knee flexor 15% stronger than the left knee flexor at 180 deg/sec; 2) a right hip extensor 15% more flexible than the left hip extensor; 3) a knee flexor/knee extensor ratio of less than 0.75 at 180 deg/sec. There was a trend for higher injury rates to be associated with knee flexor or hip extensor imbalances of 15% or more on either side of the body. These data demonstrate that specific strength and flexibility imbalances are associated with lower extremity injuries in female collegiate athletes.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts 01760-5007.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Knapik
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vaughan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000503:physiopathology; D014495:Universities