title: Alcohol consumption--a risk factor for hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The risks of alcohol consumption and its association with stroke were studied in 621 patients with stroke and 573 control subjects using case-control methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with stroke were subdivided into 193 with subarachnoid hemorrhage, 91 with intracerebral hemorrhage, and 337 with cerebral infarction. Data on recent alcohol consumption were obtained by questionnaire in patients with stroke and compared with data from an occupational screening survey in control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative risks, adjusted for confounding variables, exhibited J-shaped associations with increasing levels of alcohol consumption classified into four categories--abstainer, 1 to 90 g, 100 to 390 g, and greater than or equal to 400 g weekly). The individual risks were 1, 0.7, 0.5, and 1.3 for subarachnoid hemorrhage; 1.0, 0.6, 0.5., and 2.5 for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 1.0, 0.6, 0.7, and 2.4 for cerebral infarction for men and women combined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that low levels of alcohol consumption may have some protective effect upon the cerebral vasculature, whereas heavy consumption predisposes to both hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tsementzis
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hornby
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Hitchcock
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Beevers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006113:United Kingdom