title: Non-ferromagnetic retinal tacks are a tolerable risk in magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Should patients with cobalt alloy (ASTM F563) retinal tacks (Grieshaber cat. #611.95) in their eyes be subjected to the magnetic fields used in magnetic resonance imaging? Although the tacks are not ferromagnetic, they will experience a retarding torque when they are moved at the high angular velocities of human eye motion. Because retinal tacks are small (2.85 mm x 0.9 mm), the torque is difficult to measure. Rather, we measured the torque on a model 25.4 times larger and used a scaling law derived from Maxwell's equations to calculate the force on the tack. The scaling law states that the torque varies with the cube of the object's length. To mimic the motion, models of retinal tacks were attached to Plexiglas rods and the assemblies were swung as pendulums. The pendulums were oriented in the magnetic field of a 1.5 T imager to experience the greatest retardation. Retarding torques were estimated from the rate of decrease of the pendulum amplitude, both inside and outside the magnet. Even if the retinal tacks were as conductive as 6061T6 aluminum alloy (25 MS/m) and the velocity of the surface of the eye were 24 cm/s (angular vel. of 1130 deg/s), the retarding torque would be only 1.6 times the weight of the tack acting with a lever arm as long as the distance from its tip to its center of gravity. The maximum retarding torque on an implanted retinal tack in a 1.5 T magnet is similar to the torque produced by gravity alone acting on the tack and is a tolerable risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Kuethe
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Blinder
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000535:Aluminum; D003035:Cobalt; D003300:Copper; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects; D008280:Magnetics; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012160:Retina / Q000601:surgery*; D015032:Zinc
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; C048399:brass; D003035:Cobalt; D003300:Copper; D000535:Aluminum; D015032:Zinc