title: The translation and evaluation of an Urdu version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
abstract: The translation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) into Urdu was undertaken by the authors in committee. After examining initial drafts by 6 independent translators, an agreed Urdu text was given to 6 back-translators, and subsequently modified further. The evaluation of the new translation was performed in 3 stages: evaluation of linguistic equivalence of items in a bilingual population; evaluation of conceptual equivalence by examining item-subscale correlations: and evaluation of scale equivalence by 2-way classification of high and low scorers. Satisfactory results at each stage suggest that the Urdu version is a reliable and valid translation of the HADS for use in Pakistan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Mumford
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Tareen
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bajwa
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D010154:Pakistan; D010556:Personality Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D014177:Translations