title: Regional chest wall impedance during nonrespiratory maneuvers.
abstract: To assess changes in total and regional chest wall properties during nonrespiratory maneuvers, we measured electromyographic activity of various chest wall muscles, esophageal pressure, and rib cage and abdominal surface displacements in six subjects before and during various static tasks. Subjects were seated at functional residual capacity, and quasi-sinusoidal forcing at the mouth (0.4 Hz, 500 ml) was imposed during the maneuver in the absence of active breathing. Magnitude of total chest wall impedance (magnitude of Zw) increased with effort during all maneuvers; changes in phase were small. Maneuvers involving primarily muscles of the neck and rib cage--holding a 10-kg weight, 10 kg of isometric tension between the arms, and isometric neck flexion--roughly doubled the magnitude of rib cage impedance (magnitude of Zrc) and, to a lesser degree, increased magnitude of diaphragm-abdomen impedance (magnitude of Zd-a). Unilateral and bilateral leg lifts, in addition to increasing magnitude of Zd-a, increased magnitude of Zrc. Passive 90 degrees rotation of the torso caused approximately 25% increases in magnitude of Zrc and magnitude of Zd-a; if the rotation was actively maintained by the trunk muscles, both regional impedances increased over 100%. Increases in magnitude of regional impedance were correlated to increases in regional electromyographic activity; changes in phase were small. Passive restriction of rib cage displacement by strapping increased magnitude of Zrc and magnitude of Zw but not magnitude of Zd-a, whereas abdominal strapping increased magnitude of Zd-a but did not affect magnitude of Zrc or magnitude of Zw.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Barnas
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skacel
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smalley
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Loring
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*