title: The effect of environmental photoperiodicity on indole rhythms and locomotor activity in sighted and eye covered chickens.
abstract: Direct (via the skull) and indirect (via the eyes) light on the rate of adaptation of circadian rhythms of pineal, retina and serum indoleamines and of locomotor activity was examined by observing photoperiod reversal in eye covered and normally sighted chickens. Eye covering did not affect indoleamine levels nor locomotor activity on the regular light:dark (L:D) cycle. However, following photoperiod reversal, the eye covered chickens showed slower rates of adaptation of retinal melatonin and locomotor activity to the new L:D cycle than did the normal sighted chickens. Pineal and serum indole levels were unaffected by eye covering. Our results in birds indicate that 1) light to the eye has a role in governing retinal melatonin and locomotor activity, 2) the pineal is directly photosensitive, and 3) the endogenous rhythm of pineal melatonin may play a role in the entrainment of the locomotor rhythm in the chicken.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist College.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nir
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000528:radiation effects; D008550:Melatonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012160:Retina / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D012701:Serotonin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D008550:Melatonin; C006389:N-acetylserotonin