Changes in vitamin and mineral intakes and serum concentrations among free-living men on cholesterol-lowering diets: the Dietary Alternatives Study.
Nutritional adequacy of diets with 18-30% of calories from fat was investigated in men with elevated serum cholesterol (n = 396) at the end of diet classes and 1 and 2 y later. On 4-d food records, intakes of vitamin A, beta-carotene, folate, vitamin C, magnesium, vitamin B-6, iron, thiamin, and riboflavin increased from baseline whereas niacin, selenium, vitamin E, and zinc decreased. Median zinc intake, 80% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) at baseline, decreased to approximately 75% of the RDA, most markedly when intakes of meat, fish, and poultry were limited to 85 g/d. Nutrient densities generally increased. Of the serum nutrients measured, median beta-carotene and vitamin C increased, whereas vitamin B-6, iron, and zinc were unchanged. Below-normal values were fewer for vitamin C and magnesium. Diets similar to the National Cholesterol Education Program Step-Two Diet [less than 7% saturated fatty acids, less than 200 mg cholesterol/d] appeared to provide increased levels of most micronutrients both short and long term to men receiving comprehensive dietary counseling.
Retzlaff
B M
BM
Northwest Lipid Research Clinic, Seattle, WA 98104.
Dowdy
A A
AA
Walden
C E
CE
McCann
B S
BS
Gey
G
G
Cooper
M
M
Knopp
R H
RH
D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D009525:Niacin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019207:beta Carotene
D004041:Dietary Fats; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D009525:Niacin; D002338:Carotenoids; D005492:Folic Acid; D012643:Selenium; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D001205:Ascorbic Acid