title: Comparison of prevalence of depression in mothers of twins and mothers of singletons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the apparent additional and exceptional stresses associated with bearing and parenting twins affect the emotional wellbeing of mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Great Britain, 1970-5.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study of 13,135 children born between 4 April and 11 April 1970. Mothers of all children, both singletons and twins, were interviewed by health visitors (providing demographic data) and completed a self report measure of emotional well-being (the Rutter malaise inventory) when the child was 5 years of age. The malaise scores of mothers of twins were compared with those of all mothers of singletons and then with those of mothers categorised by the age spacing of their children (only one child, widely spaced, or closely spaced), taking account of maternal age, social class, and whether the study child had a disability, by using logistic regression.
  
  
  METHODS
  139 mothers of twins--122 pairs of twins and 17 twins whose cotwin had died--and 12,573 controls, who were mothers of singletons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly higher proportion of mothers of twins at 5 years had malaise scores indicative of depression than mothers of singletons at the same age. Mothers who had borne twins, one of whom had subsequently died, had the highest malaise scores and were three times more likely than mothers of singletons to experience depression. Both mothers of twin pairs and mothers of singletons closely spaced in age were at significantly higher risk of experiencing depression than mothers of children widely spaced in age or mothers of only one child (p less than 0.0001). Odds ratios indicated that the risk of depression in mothers of twins was higher than that in mothers of closely spaced singletons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mothers of twins are more likely to experience depression. This suggests a relation between the additional and exceptional stresses that twins present and the mother's emotional wellbeing.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thorpe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golding
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: MacGillivray
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greenwood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001601:Bereavement; D002654:Child Care; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012923:Social Class; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology; D014427:Twins; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology