title: Performance and state changes during the menstrual cycle, conceptualised within a broad band testing framework.
abstract: Using a broad band testing framework, indices of performance and state were examined in 10 women during one menstrual cycle, over six separate testing sessions. Indices of state were heart rate, the Cruickshank self-report questionnaire and time to basal skin potential. Results showed that self reported arousal was increased premenstrually. There was dissociation between indices of state, supporting the contention that simple models of arousal are inadequate. Performance tests of cognitive processing, tracking skill, reaction time and vigilance, dual task, speed and accuracy, and short term memory capacity showed only one significant result: semantic processing on a word matching task improved premenstrually. There was no significant relationship between state and performance: with high individual differences found between subjects. It was concluded that menstruation was not acting as a stressor for these subjects, and that there was no evidence for a decrement in performance in the menstrual or premenstrual phases of the cycle. Results are discussed in terms of coping with perceived increase in demand premenstrually, resulting in utilisation of compensatory effort and it is suggested that future work should examine womens ability to cope with perceived increase in demand and attribution of arousal during the menstrual cycle. The implications of the findings in terms of the critique of PMS as a valid construct are discussed, and it is concluded that future work should be carried out within an integrated multi-variate framework.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Division, Sussex University, Brighton, England.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ussher
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wilding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology