title: Pharmacological evidence, using in vivo dialysis, that substances additional to ascorbic acid, uric acid and homovanillic acid contribute to the voltammetric signals obtained in unrestrained rats from chronically implanted carbon paste electrodes.
abstract: In vivo voltammetry at chronically implanted carbon paste electrodes in unrestrained rats is a particularly useful technique for evaluating neurochemical changes during spontaneous behaviour, or behaviour under experimental control. A 3 peak signal is observed in the striatum; most recently the consensus view has attributed these peaks to ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in ascending order of oxidation potential. We have used a pharmacological approach, combined with in vivo dialysis, to further elucidate the nature of the contributing species. Allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, and thus of uric acid production, has previously been reported to abolish peak 2. We now report, using dialysis, that it selectively depletes UA in the extracellular fluid (ECF). Pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, reduces peak 3 transiently (max. 60%) as expected, however it results in a more sustained reduction in ECF HVA (max. 100%). It also increases peak 1 (max. 75%) and decreases peak 2 (max. 40%), although changes in ECF AA and UA measured by dialysis and HPLC are minimal. Pargyline does however reduce ECF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid by 65%. We conclude that, using linear sweep voltammetry at chronically implanted paste electrodes: (a) one or more substances in addition to AA can contribute to peak 1; dopamine can do so in some situations; (b) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, as well as UA, contributes to peak 2; its contribution is about one third that of the latter; and (c) one or more substances in addition to HVA can contribute to peak 3. 3-Methoxytyramine can do so. Since this is another methylated metabolite of dopamine, this does not prevent the use of peak 3 as an index of dopamine metabolism, and may extend its usefulness to situations where monoamine oxidase is inhibited.
authors.affiliation: MRC Brain, Behaviour and Psychiatry Group, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London, U.K.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002244:Carbon; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003956:Dialysis; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010293:Pargyline / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid; D000493:Allopurinol; D002244:Carbon; D010293:Pargyline; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D006719:Homovanillic Acid