title: Steiner's norms for North Indian pre-school children.
abstract: A roentgenographic cephalometric investigation to establish Steiner's norms in pre-school children was carried out on 60, 4-5-year-old North Indian children with complete normal established primary dentition and pleasing profiles. The North Indian children were found to possess a convex profile, steeper occlusal plane, steeper mandibular plane and more upright incisors over basal bone at 4-5 years of age as compared to that of Caucasian children. None of the measurements showed sexual dimorphism of any statistical significance. The Steiner's norms from a sample of Caucasian population are not as such applicable to North Indian pre-school children.
authors.affiliation: Government Dental College and Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab.
authors.lastname: Anuradha
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Taneja
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chopra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D012016:Reference Values