title: Evidence that interleukin-1 and phorbol esters activate NF-kappa B by different pathways: role of protein kinase C.
abstract: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) is a ubiquitous transcription factor that affects expression of many genes, including immunoglobulin kappa (kappa), the interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain, and two genes in HIV-1. NF-kappa B can be activated by a number of stimuli, including pharmacological stimulation of protein kinase C by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and treatment in vitro with either protein kinase C or protein kinase A. This has lead to the proposal that these kinases are key enzymes in the physiological activation of NF-kappa B as well. We have used a murine B cell line, 70Z/3, and T cell line, EL-4 6.1 C10, to study the activation of NF-kappa B by two physiological activators, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). There are four reasons to propose that these agents activate pathways that do not include protein kinase C as a major component in these cell lines. First, the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7) strongly inhibited PMA-induced activation of NF-kappa B in 70Z/3 cells but had no effect on NF-kappa B activated by IL-1 or LPS. Second, depletion of protein kinase C by prolonged growth of 70Z/3 in PMA abrogated the capacity of the cells to activate NF-kappa B in response to further PMA treatment. However, these same cells activated NF-kappa B normally after either IL-1 or LPS treatment. Third, IL-1 effectively activated NF-kappa B in EL-4 6.1 C10 cells, but PMA did not. Fourth, interferon-gamma is a potent activator of protein kinase C in 70Z/3 cells, but is completely inactive in the mobilization of NF-kappa B. These results suggest that the physiological inducers IL-1 and LPS activate NF-kappa B by pathways independent of protein kinase C in both 70Z/3 and EL-4 6.1 C10 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bomsztyk
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rachie
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dower
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sibley
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010879:Piperazines; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D004247:DNA; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate