title: Antisense inhibition of c-myc expression reveals common and distinct mechanisms of growth inhibition by TGF beta and TNF alpha.
abstract: Downregulation of the c-myc gene in HL-60 cells is associated with growth inhibition and induction of differentiation. Previous studies have reported that the growth inhibitors TGF beta and TNF alpha downregulate c-myc mRNA levels, suggesting the possibility that these agents may exert some of their phenotypic effects via c-myc downregulation. Our study demonstrates that although both growth inhibitors produce a similar decrease in c-myc protein synthesis, TNF alpha produces a greater growth inhibition and differentiation induction in HL-60 cells. Combined addition of anti-myc oligomer with either growth inhibitor produces no additive effect. In fact, 4 microM anti-myc oligomer produces the same growth and differentiation effects as does 10 ng/ml TGF beta 1. We conclude that downregulation of c-myc expression represents a common mechanism of growth inhibition by TGF beta and TNF alpha, but that TNF alpha possesses an additional effect that is independent of c-myc expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robinson-Benion
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Salhany
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hann
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Holt
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D004347:Drug Interactions; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha