title: Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and virus isolation for detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions.
abstract: Nasopharyngeal secretions obtained from 94 children with acute respiratory illness were examined for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and influenza virus type A by virus culturing (virus isolation technique [VIT]), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Similar results were obtained in at least two tests for RSV, influenza virus type A, and adenovirus in 92 (97.9%), 88 (93.6%), and 88 (93.6%) cases, respectively. Both rapid virus detection methods showed good specificity for the diagnosis of these virus infections (greater than or equal to 90.7%) and were more sensitive than was VIT for RSV detection. In a more accurate statistical analysis, the indexes of agreement between VIT and ELISA were substantial for RSV (kappa = 0.69; zeta = 5.5; P less than 0.0001), influenza virus type A (kappa = 0.67; zeta = 5.3; P less than 0.0001), and adenovirus (kappa = 0.71; zeta = 6.0; P less than 0.0001), while it was almost perfect for RSV when ELISA was compared with IFA (kappa = 0.88; zeta = 5.7; P less than 0.0001). Although the observed agreement was good in the comparison of these two tests for these three viruses (89%0, the indexes of agreement were moderate in the comparison of IFA and VIT for RSV (K = 0.55; Z = 2.0; P < 0.05), influenza virus type A (K = 0.42; Z = 9.7; P < 0.0001), and adenovirus (K = 0.41; Z = 6.5; P < 0.0001) and of ELISA and IFA for influenza virus type A (K = 0.55; Z = 7.0; P < 0.0001) and adenovirus (K = 0.59; Z = 6.8; P < 0.0001). All of the statistical evaluations demonstrated better agreement between ELISA and VIT for influenza virus type A and adenovirus.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takimoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grandien
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishimaru
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Makita
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002648:Child; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods*; D014776:Virus Cultivation