Adult outcomes of childhood and adolescent depression: II. Links with antisocial disorders.
Sixty-three child and adolescent patients meeting operational criteria for depression and 68 non-depressed child psychiatric controls were followed into adulthood. Twenty-one percent of the depressed group had had conduct disorder (CD) in conjunction with their index depression. Depressed children with comorbid CD did not differ from depressed children without conduct problems with respect to depressive symptom presentation or demographic characteristics. However, depressives with CD had a worse short-term outcome and a higher risk of adult criminality than depressed children without conduct problems. There was a strong trend for depressives with CD to have a lower risk of depression in adulthood than depressed children without conduct problems. The outcomes of depressives with CD were very similar to those of nondepressed children with CD. The findings are discussed in the context of current classification schemes.
Harrington
R
R
Department of Psychiatry, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, England.
Fudge
H
H
Rutter
M
M
Pickles
A
A
Hill
J
J
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies