title: Evaluation of sequential plasma and urinary tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in renal allograft recipients.
abstract: The macrophage cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha is released early in immune activation and may be detected in the peripheral circulation. This study has investigated the occurrence of plasma and urinary TNF in 30 renal allograft recipients. Although circulating TNF may be detected in 20% of pretransplant or normal control samples, levels were significantly elevated during 65% of allograft rejection episodes. Plasma TNF levels did not rise in graft failure due to acute tubular necrosis, but were always highly raised in systemic infection. In contrast, urinary TNF was only detected in association with acute rejection (49%) or tubular necrosis (14%), and no controls had detectable urinary TNF. These findings indicate that evaluation of circulating and excreted TNF may give further insight into the immunobiology of graft rejection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakran
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sells
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000097:blood; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D007683:Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha