title: Approaches to immunotoxicologic studies with emphasis on chemical-induced immunomodulation.
abstract: Immunotoxicology has developed into a subdiscipline of toxicology in a tradition similar to other subdisciplines of toxicology. The use of experimental animals to determine the potential for chemicals to alter the structure and function of the immune system represents a significant part of this subdiscipline. This manuscript describes approaches to assessment of chemical-induced modification of immune status and key issues in interpreting the data for risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Munson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McCay
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects*; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants