title: Sloping alveolar plateaus of He and SF6 measured in excised cat lungs ventilated at constant volume by pressure changes.
abstract: Single-breath washout experiments with He and SF6 were performed in excised cat lungs placed in a closed, liquid-filled reservoir, where lung volume was clamped by the surrounding liquid and breathing was accomplished by hyperbaric pressure changes (pressure breathing) produced by a piston pump. Under these conditions the flow into each lung unit was assumed to be proportional to its volume, and sequential filling and emptying of lung units by convection probably did not occur. Thus, implicitly, gravity-dependent patterns of sequential filling and emptying of lung regions were also excluded. Different lung volumes (VL = 50%, 75%, 100% TLC, where TLC is total lung capacity), tidal volumes (VT = 21%, 34%, 47% TLC) and durations of post-inspiratory apnea (tA = 0,1,2,4,8 sec) were applied. The expirograms showed that the slopes of the alveolar plateau (S) were significantly positive for both He and SF6. For tA = 0 sec SHe ranged from 8.7 to 62.8% and SSF6 ranged from 24.4 to 87.8% (S is expressed in % per unit VE/TLC, where VE is expired volume). The ratio SSF6/SHe was larger than unity for each combination of VL and VT. Further, for tA = 0 sec both SHe and SSF6 showed a tendency to decrease with increasing VL and with increasing VT. For tA = 8 sec both SHe and SSF6 were close to zero. Additional single-breath washout experiments were performed with the same cat lungs by applying normal breathing where lung volume was not clamped and asynchronous unequal ventilation might have occurred. For comparable values of VL and VT, there were no clear differences between the slopes obtained at normal breathing and those obtained at pressure breathing. We conclude that asynchronous unequal ventilation plays only a minor role in the sloping alveolar plateau during normal breathing, and that the mechanism underlying the sloping alveolar plateau is diffusion dependent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physiology and Sports Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Six
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Luijendijk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D006371:Helium / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology*; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride / Q000378:metabolism*; D014109:Total Lung Capacity; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical
chemical_list: D006371:Helium; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride