title: [What are the contributions of experimental studies to the diagnosis and therapy of urological tumors?].
abstract: The contribution of experimental research in the diagnostics and therapy of urological malignancies is based on different approaches. One of the most important techniques is the development of tumor markers which can predict progression of the tumor. These markers can be detected by molecular biological techniques, by immunohistochemistry or by other quantification techniques such as morphometry and flowcytometry. New indications for progression are initially researched in tumor model systems. The in vitro systems are extremely well suited for those fundamental studies especially molecular biological analysers, because the tumors in these systems are homogeneously composed and lack the heterogeneity of in vivo tumors. The methodology of markers developed by such techniques have subsequently been tested on human tumor material of which the evolution was known (retrospective analyses). Animal models can also contribute to fundamental research in urological tumors, more particularly to evaluate the efficacy of new experimental therapeutic approaches. Therapies with proven effect in the animal models have to be tested subsequently in humans and if effective, have to be investigated further to improve the dose- and/or route of administration. One result of such research is the use of immunotherapeutics in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Basic research in oncological urology may in this way contribute to the further improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of urological malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Kliniek voor Urologie, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, Sint-Radboudziekenhuis.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Debruyne
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Oosterhof
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schalken
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D012106:Research; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy
vernacular_title: Wat zijn de bijdragen van experimenteel onderzoek voor de diagnostiek en therapie van urologische tumoren.