title: Induction of differentiation in human myeloblastic leukemia ML-1 cells by heptachlor, a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide.
abstract: Effects of heptachlor, an organochlorine pesticide, on human myeloblastic leukemia ML-1 cells were determined. Similar to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a known tumor promoter, heptachlor induced cell adherence and formation of extended cytoplasmic pseudopodia in ML-1 cells. The growth of ML-1 was slightly stimulated by low concentrations (less than 30 nM) of heptachlor. A dose-responsive cell death was also observed when ML-1 cells were treated with heptachlor at concentrations greater than 80 microM. Examination by light microscopy of the cells treated with 80 microM heptachlor revealed a gradual appearance of differentiation characteristics in the culture. On Day 3 of the treatment, 41% of the cells remained unchanged as ML-1, 39% of the cells showed changes and apparent cell differentiation, and 20% of the cells were induced to differentiate to monocyte- or macrophage-like cell type. Electron microscopy also revealed cellular differentiation and the presence of monocyte- and macrophage-like cell types (22%) was confirmed by positive esterase staining.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of California, Davis 95616.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002273:Carcinogens; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006533:Heptachlor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D008853:Microscopy; D009283:Naphthol AS D Esterase / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D006533:Heptachlor; D009283:Naphthol AS D Esterase