title: Genetic deficiency of human class mu glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in relation to the urinary excretion of the mercapturic acids of Z- and E-1,3-dichloropropene.
abstract: Mononuclear lymphocytes were isolated from the blood of 12 individuals, who had been exposed to the vapour of the soil fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP). Western blot experiments were performed on the crude lymphocyte homogenates, using a monoclonal antibody against human hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzyme mu, to determine the presence or absence of mu-class isoenzymes mu and/or psi. Nine of the individuals were found to be positive for mu and/or psi, the remaining three individuals being negative. In addition, all individuals showed a positive staining on immunoblot of a protein of somewhat lower molecular mass than the hepatic standard. This protein was bound by the S-hexylglutathione affinity column, and presumably constitutes a new mu-class isoenzyme, which is not subject to genetic polymorphism. Determination of the specific activities of individual human GST isoenzymes towards Z-(cis-) and E-(trans-)-DCP demonstrated that mu-class isoenzymes show a considerably higher specific activity with Z-DCP than alpha-class or pi-class isoenzymes. In addition, mu-class isoenzymes were found to be 2- to 3-fold more active with Z-DCP than with E-DCP. Their activity towards E-DCP was similar to the specific activity of alpha-class isoenzymes. Genetic polymorphism for mu-class isoenzymes could thus be a determinant in the extent of excretion of mercapturic acids from Z- and E-DCP. The urinary excretion of Z- and E-DCP mercapturic acids and the respiratory exposure to Z- and E-DCP were determined for nine and eight phenotyped individuals, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: van Welie
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Evelo
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Boogaards
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Bladeren
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000652:urine*; D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007527:Isoenzymes; C023891:1,3-dichloro-1-propene; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000111:Acetylcysteine