title: [Phoniatric changes in children aged 3 to 5 years after premature loss of upper incisors].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The main purpose of the study was to detect phoniatric alterations induced by the premature loss of the anterior teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experimental group was formed by 20 healthy children, between 3 and 5 years, sex independent and with a period of absence of the upper incisors from 3 months to 1 year. The control group was formed by 20 healthy children between 3 and 5 years, sex independent and with total integrity of the upper anterior segment. Both groups were tested by a phoniatrician using the Test for Phoniatric Evaluation in Pediatrics (TPEP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results were that patients with premature loss of the upper incisors presented phoniatric alterations in the 67% (6) of the girls and 100% (14) of the boys. The control group presented alterations in the 46% (8) of the girls and 54% (12) of the boys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although both groups presented more boys than girls, analyzing the incidence of phoniatric alterations with X2, the results were that boys presented more alterations. The premature loss of the upper incisors is a predisposing factor for phoniatric alterations. Time elapsed from the loss of these teeth is directly proportional to the type of the language problem produced.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Estomatología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México, D.F.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jackson-Herrerías
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Flores-Vázquez
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Márquez-Avila
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous
vernacular_title: Cambios foniátricos en niños de tres a cinco años por pérdida prematura de los incisivos superiores.