title: Alcohol use in pregnancy.
abstract: The epitome of FAS and ARBD has been documented substantially in the medical literature. There appears to be little question that alcohol is a teratogen. The precise nature for the mechanism of causing congenital defects, whether it be direct or indirect, is still unknown. There is no unequivocal information that can be conveyed to patients regarding the quantity of alcohol that can be safely consumed during pregnancy. Because pregnant women generally are receptive to suggestions about controlling their alcohol consumption during pregnancy, the professional is presented with an excellent opportunity to encourage behavior modification. Early recognition of the alcohol-abusing women and appropriate counseling are the cornerstones of treatment for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pietrantoni
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Knuppel
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology