title: Heterogeneity in the beta-endorphin immunoreactivity response to electroconvulsive therapy.
abstract: Electroconvulsive therapy is accompanied by an activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, resulting in a release of beta-endorphin from the anterior pituitary corticotrophs of humans. As a group, patients in our study demonstrated similar plasma beta-endorphin immunoreactivity response to their initial and final treatments. However, approximately half of the patients demonstrated greater beta-endorphin immunoreactivity release with their first seizure compared with their last seizure, and half of the patients demonstrated the opposite pattern. This difference was not explained by age, sex, unilateral vs bilateral treatments, sine wave vs brief pulse, or psychotropic or anticholinergic medication. Patients with constant seizure duration during the first and final treatments demonstrated a greater release of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity with the final treatment compared with the first treatment. Individuals with decreasing seizure duration during the course of the electroconvulsive therapy demonstrated a decreased beta-endorphin immunoreactivity response during their final treatment.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 148109.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grunhaus
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Haskett
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pande
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Murphy-Weinberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akil
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000502:physiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010539:Permeability; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000378:metabolism; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012737:Sex Factors; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001615:beta-Endorphin; D006854:Hydrocortisone