Refined structure of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2 at 2.6 A resolution.
The three-dimensional structure of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2 was determined at 3.5 A resolution by a combination of isomorphous replacement and iterative real-space averaging of two crystal forms. The monoclinic crystal form has now been refined by least-squares methods to an R-factor of 0.169 for data from 6 to 2.6 A resolution. A superposition of the structurally similar domains found in the heterodimer, alpha 1 onto alpha 2 and alpha 3 onto beta 2m, as well as the latter pair onto the ancestrally related immunoglobulin constant domain, reveals that differences are mainly in the turn regions. Structural features of the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains, such as conserved salt-bridges that contribute to stability, specific loops that form contacts with other domains, and the antigen-binding groove formed from two adjacent helical regions on top of an eight-stranded beta-sheet, are analyzed. The interfaces between the domains, especially those between beta 2m and the HLA heavy chain presumably involved in beta 2m exchange and heterodimer assembly, are described in detail. A detailed examination of the binding groove confirms that the solvent-accessible amino acid side-chains that are most polymorphic in mouse and human alleles fill up the central and widest portion of the binding groove, while conserved side-chains are clustered at the narrower ends of the groove. Six pockets or sub-sites in the antigen-binding groove, of diverse shape and composition, appear suited for binding side-chains from antigenic peptides. Three pockets contain predominantly non-polar atoms; but others, especially those at the extreme ends of the groove, have clusters of polar atoms in close proximity to the "extra" electron density in the binding site. A possible role for beta 2m in stabilizing permissible peptide complexes during folding and assembly is presented.
Saper
M A
MA
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Bjorkman
P J
PJ
Wiley
D C
DC
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000737:chemistry
D002241:Carbohydrates; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin