title: The role of gastroesophageal reflux in pediatric dysphagia.
abstract: The history, physical examination, and the results of the upper gastrointestinal series, esophageal manometry, 24-h pH recording, endoscopy, and biopsy are reviewed in 16 children (mean age of 10.6 years, range of 3 years 5 months to 15 years 3 months) who presented to the Alberta Children's Hospital with dysphagia ("food-sticking") without previously identified provocative disorders since January 1985. Of the 16 patients, 11 had had intermittent obstruction, and 7 had had intervention to relieve obstruction (2 Heimlich maneuvers, 1 intravenous glucagon, and 4 endoscopy after failure of intravenous glucagon). Although only five children had a recent history suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux, 12 had histologic evidence of reflux esophagitis (including 1 with a peptic stricture, 1 with "nutcracker" esophagus, and 1 with esophageal dysmotility characteristic of Down's syndrome) and all responded clinically to antireflux therapy. Of the remaining four patients, one had extrinsic esophageal compression from a vascular ring (right aortic arch with left ligamentum arteriosum), one had a single and another had recurrent episodes of food-sticking without any identified abnormality, and one declined investigation. In childhood, dysphagia may be the presenting symptom of reflux esophagitis in the absence of a history suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux and without evidence of a peptic stricture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, Canada.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Catto-Smith
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Butzner
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Gall
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies