title: Synaptic organization of two types of amacrine cells with CRF-like immunoreactivity in the turtle retina.
abstract: The ultrastructural features and synaptic contacts of two amacrine cell types with corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the turtle retina were examined using electron immunocytochemistry. Type A cells were found only in the visual streak and had elongated dendritic arborizations that ran parallel to the visual streak. These cells arborized primarily in stratum 1 and near the border of strata 2 and 3 of the inner plexiform layer, with some processes extending into stratum 5. Type B cells were found only ventral to the visual streak and arborized primarily in a wide band in strata 4 and 5, with sparse dendritic arborizations in stratum 1. There was a diffuse cytoplasmic reaction product within each cell type; however, large labeled vesicles were rarely observed. Type A amacrine cells received many conventional synaptic contacts from amacrine cells in stratum 1 and at the border of strata 2 and 3, but only a small number of contacts in stratum 5. Bipolar synaptic contacts onto type A amacrine cells were observed in strata 1 and at the border of strata 2 and 3. The only positively identified synaptic outputs of type A cells were conventional synapses onto amacrine cells in strata 1 and at the border of 2 and 3. Type B amacrine cells received synaptic contacts from amacrine cells in strata 1 and 5, and bipolar cell synaptic input in stratum 5. They made conventional synapses onto amacrine cells in strata 1 and 5, and onto bipolar cells in stratum 5. We also found conventional synaptic contacts between unlabeled amacrine cells and type B amacrine cells outside of the primary layers of stratification. In addition, there were specialized junctions observed between type A cell profiles in stratum 1 and between type B cell profiles in stratum 5. The unique regional distributions of the type A and B cells, as well as their differences in synaptic connectivity, suggested that these amacrine cells play distinct physiological roles although they contain the same neuropeptide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Boston University, MA 02115.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Eldred
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014426:Turtles
chemical_list: D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone