title: Manipulation of nitrogen digestion by sheep using defaunation and various nitrogen supplementation regimens.
abstract: Five ruminally, duodenally, and ileally cannulated sheep (average BW 62 kg) were fed 65% roughage: 35% concentrate diets (CP = 15%) in a 5 x 5 Latin square design to study the applicability of using a combination of defaunation with N supplements (soybean meal [SBM], corn gluten meal [CGM], blood meal [BM], urea, and casein) with different extents of ruminal degradation to manipulate microbial protein synthesis and amount of ruminal escape protein. Diets were fed twice daily (1,759 g DM/d). Defaunation was accomplished with 30-ml doses of alkanate 3SL3 (active ingredient: sodium lauryl diethoxy sulfate)/sheep daily for 3 d with 2 d of fasting. Treatment 1 (control) involved feeding faunated sheep a diet in which the supplemental N (45% of total dietary N) was 67% SBM N and 33% urea N. Treatment 2 involved feeding defaunated sheep the same diet as the control. Treatments 3, 4, and 5 involved feeding defaunated sheep diets in which the supplemental N source was either 67% CGM-BM (1:1 N ratio) N:33% urea N, or 33% CGM-BM N:67% urea N or 33% CGM-BM N:33% urea N:33% casein N, respectively. Compared with the faunated control, defaunation decreased (P less than .05) ruminal ammonia concentration (19 vs 26 mg/dl) and increased (P less than .05) CP flow to the duodenum (253 vs 214 g/d) due to a trend for increases in both bacterial (BCP) and nonbacterial (NBCP) CP flows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anim. Sci., University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fahey
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Mackie
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Merchen
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000187:drug effects; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen