title: The relation of socioeconomic status to oral and pharyngeal cancer.
abstract: We assessed the relation between socioeconomic status and risk of oropharyngeal cancer in a population-based interview study of 762 male cases and 837 male controls in four areas of the United States. Three primary indicators of socioeconomic status were evaluated: education, occupational status, and percentage of potential working life spent in employment. With adjustment for the effects of established risk factors, such as use of tobacco products, alcohol consumption, and poor dentition, a relatively low percentage of years worked was also a risk factor. Educational attainment and occupational status were not independently related to risk of oropharyngeal cancer. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that behaviors that lead to social instability, and/or social instability itself, are linked to an increased risk of oral and pharyngeal cancers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30329.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brockman
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Liff
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Preston-Martin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stemhagen
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Winn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003710:Demography; D004522:Educational Status; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009790:Occupations; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D012923:Social Class; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology