title: Long term maternal health effects of caesarean section.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to study whether women having had caesarean sections (index women) have more subsequent health problems, measured by hospital admissions, than women having had vaginal deliveries (control women).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved comparison of hospital admissions before (2-5 years) and after (7-10 years) the first caesarean section (exposure) among two cohorts of index and control women.
  
  
  METHODS
  National data from the Swedish birth and hospital discharge registries were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  About 75% of all Swedish primiparas who had a caesarean section in 1973 (n = 2578) and in 1976 (n = 3822), and their age-matched controls, were studied; non-Swedish women and women with certain specific problems at their first birth were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Numbers of discharges from general and mental hospitals excluding discharges relating to birth, and in some analyses to pregnancy, were determined. Total numbers of discharges from general and mental hospitals, and the numbers of discharges with operations, were higher among index than control women both before and after exposure. In analyses by diagnosis, a caesarean section was a risk factor for ectopic pregnancies and sterilisations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analyses suggest that the higher rate of hospital admission after caesarean section than after vaginal delivery is not due to the section itself, but to a continuation of a previous pattern of health service use. However, because this was not so for all diagnoses and alternative interpretations are possible, further studies on long term maternal morbidity are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hemminki
mesh_terms: D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016387:Women's Health