title: Abdominal obesity and physical inactivity as risk factors for NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance in Indian, Creole, and Chinese Mauritians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We wanted to determine whether obesity, abdominal fat distribution, and physical inactivity act similarly and independently as risk factors for noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in Hindu and Muslim Asian Indians, African-origin Creoles, and Chinese Mauritians.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined a population-based random cluster sample of 5080 adult subjects from the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius. Glucose tolerance was assessed with a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and World Health Organization criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate data and multiple logistic regression models indicated that age, family history of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and physical inactivity conveyed similar risk for NIDDM (and IGT) in each ethnic group. After adjusting for all other factors, Hindu ethnicity conferred additional risk for NIDDM (but not IGT) in men, but in women there were no clear ethnic differences. Although BMI and WHR were independently significant risk factors, WHR conveyed relatively stronger risk for NIDDM than BMI in women, whereas the converse was true in men. For ethnic groups combined, the independent odds ratios for IGT associated with moderate and low physical activity scores (relative to high) were 1.56 and 1.71 (P less than 0.05), respectively, in men and 1.32 and 1.69 (P less than 0.05) in women. In subjects with asymptomatic NIDDM diagnosed during the survey, the independent odds ratios were 1.96 and 2.00 (P less than 0.05) in men and 1.73 and 2.70 (P less than 0.05) in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that BMI, abdominally distributed fat, and physical inactivity are important independent risk factors for both IGT and NIDDM in diverse ethnic groups. Attributable risk fractions for Mauritius suggest that populationwide modification of levels of these risk factors could potentially result in substantially lower occurrence of NIDDM (and IGT). Such interventions should be attempted in high-risk populations.
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus and Health Promotion for Noncommunicable Disease Control, International Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Dowse
authors.forename: P Z
authors.initials: PZ
authors.lastname: Zimmet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gareeboo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Finch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chitson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tulsidas
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003625:Data Collection; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008436:Mauritius / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D005082:Physical Exertion; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose