title: Melphalan-induced toxicity in nude mice following pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine.
abstract: Melphalan-induced toxicity in nude mice following pretreatment with a regimen of L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), previously shown to enhance the activity of this alkylating agent against rhabdomyosarcoma and glioma xenografts, was examined. Mice were pretreated with i.p. BSO (2.5 mmol/kg x 7 doses at 12-h intervals plus concomitant availability of a 20-mM solution in the drinking water) or vehicle prior to a single i.p. injection of melphalan (35.65 mg/m2). As compared with control animals who received no BSO pretreatment, mice pretreated with BSO lost weight prior to therapy with melphalan (6.9% weight loss vs 0.3% weight gain; P less than 0.005) and showed a greater mean nadir weight loss after melphalan (3.8% vs. 2.1%; P = 0.049). Treatment with melphalan was associated with histologic evidence of reversible gastrointestinal toxicity, reversible myelosuppression, and histologic evidence of acute renal tubular necrosis, with no differences being observed between mice that had been pretreated with BSO and those that had been pretreated with vehicle. No evidence of cardiac, hepatic, or skeletal muscle toxicity was found in melphalan-treated animals. These results suggest that treatment of nude mice with melphalan following BSO-mediated depletion of glutathione does not result in enhanced organ toxicity despite an increase in the antineoplastic activity of this alkylating agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX 78236.
authors.forename: S X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Skapek
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: VanDellen
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Postels
authors.forename: O W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bigner
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000633:toxicity*; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000633:toxicity*; D008717:Methionine Sulfoximine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D008717:Methionine Sulfoximine; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D005978:Glutathione; D008558:Melphalan