title: Functional morphology of the hindleg in two kangaroos Macropus giganteus and Aepyprymnus rufescens.
abstract: In this study the structures in the hindleg of the kangaroo which are potentially available for jumping were examined. Specimens of two species, Macropus giganteus and Aepyprymnus rufescens, were examined and are described and compared. The basic pattern of the jump of the two species is similar. This is reflected anatomically by the fact that in both species the extensors of the hip, knee and ankle as a percentage of the total weight of the hindleg are greater than the flexors of the same joints. An additional similarity is that the biceps femoris and adductor magnus have the greatest share in the weight of the hip extensors. Furthermore the estimated total force of the hip, knee and ankle extensors and total moment of the hip and ankle extensors are always greater than the flexors of the same joints. However, the percentage of the hip and knee extensors, the absolute forces and moments of both the extensors and flexors and the range of movement especially of the hip and knee are always greater in M. giganteus than in A. rufescens. As well as these differences, the long tibia and the position of the knee in view of the hip may be important factors for the longer jump achieved by M. giganteus. In comparison A. rufescens has a anatomical construction which seems to be a compromise between walking and jumping.
authors.affiliation: Zoologisch laboratorium, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lodder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000842:Ankle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006615:Hip / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D007717:Knee / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D007866:Leg / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007614:Macropodidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology