title: Endocarditis in a cow.
abstract: Bacterial endocarditis of the tricuspid valve was diagnosed in a cow with weight loss, reduced milk production, and intermittent fever. Clinical signs of disease included jugular and mammary vein pulses, tachycardia, large cardiac silhouette, and grade-III/V holosystolic murmur. The diagnosis was also supported by echocardiographic findings and isolation of Streptococcus viridans from blood samples. The cow was treated with penicillin, furosemide, acetylsalicylic acid, heparin, and potassium chloride and survived 14 months after the diagnosis, producing 1 live calf and 4 viable embryos. The cow's heart rate exceeded an upper normal limit of 80 beats/min during most of the initial 4 months of treatment. Additional clinical signs of disease that were observed during treatment included diarrhea, ventral edema, and coughing. General medicine and cardiology textbooks have previously minimized the potential benefits of anticoagulant use in cases of septic endocarditis. The advent of routinely performed embryo transfer procedures may make treatment of endocarditis feasible in cattle with exceptional genetic merit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Surgery and Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849-5522.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bartram
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000662:veterinary; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D010402:Penicillin G Procaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D010402:Penicillin G Procaine