title: Normalization of force generated by canine airway smooth muscles.
abstract: A variety of normalizations have been employed to compare maximal isometric force (Po) produced by smooth muscles at different locations and stages of maturation. Because these procedures have not always been based on rigorous principles, confusion has resulted. To obtain a less ambiguous index of force production, we measured in vitro Po from mongrel canine tracheal (TSM) and bronchial (BSM) smooth muscle with an electromagnetic lever and normalized it to force per unit cross-sectional area of whole tissue (tissue stress), to force per unit cross-sectional area of muscle in the cross section of total tissue (muscle stress), and to force per fractional unit of myosin in the tissue cross section (myosin stress). Proportion of myosin in cross-sectional area of tissue was deduced from data obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of crude muscle extracts. For TSM, tissue stress was 1.499 X 10(5) N/m2 +/- 0.1 (SE), whereas it was only 0.351 X 10(5) N/m2 +/- 0.05 (SE) for BSM, representing a 4.27-fold difference (P less than 0.01). There was a 1.60-fold difference (P less than 0.05) in muscle stress, which was correlated to the morphometric finding that 79 +/- 1.4% (SE) of the tracheal strip cross section was muscle, whereas only 30 +/- 1.0% (SE) of bronchial tissue was occupied by muscle. Average myosin content was the same in smooth muscle cells of TSM and BSM, indicating that total amount of myosin in tissue cross sections was essentially a function of proportional area of muscle cells in total tissue cross sections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Halayko
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Stephens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003285:Contractile Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D004285:Dogs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014132:Trachea / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D003285:Contractile Proteins