title: Nasal surgery in German speaking countries around the turn of the century.
abstract: The historical review of submucous septal surgery includes the German pioneers Hartmann (1882) and Petersen (1883), Krieg (1886) and Killian (1899) who finally refined this operation. Besides his technical notes and the development of new instruments Killian defined indications and contraindications for this type of surgery which are considered valid even today.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of O.R.L., Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D001317:Austria; D005858:Germany; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery*; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery