title: Postoperative pain control with methadone following lower abdominal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a technique for the use of methadone during and following lower abdominal surgery that integrates its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties with the objective of postoperative analgesia; to compare methadone with morphine for postoperative pain control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized prospective clinical trial. Patients were not told which agent they received (single-blind).
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of anesthesia and gynecology surgical service at a university medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy (n = 39) or myomectomy (n = 1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received either methadone (Group 1) or morphine (Group 2) 20 mg intravenously (IV) following induction of anesthesia, additional IV opioid in the recovery room, and subsequent opioid as needed (PRN) intramuscularly (IM) on the postsurgical wards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). Respiratory rate, sedation, and hemodynamics were assessed frequently (at least every 4 hours). Patients were studied for 72 hours following recovery room discharge. Patients required less methadone than morphine in the recovery room (2.0 +/- 2.9 mg vs 4.4 +/- 2.9 mg). Patients requested less methadone than morphine for pain relief on the wards (4.5 +/- 4.2 mg vs 42.3 +/- 14.3 mg). Patients in the methadone group reported lower pain intensity by VAS (1.9 +/- 0.3 vs 3.4 +/- 0.6). These differences are statistically significant (p less than 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sustained analgesia with methadone is predicted by its pharmacokinetics. Patients who received 22 +/- 2.9 mg of IV methadone (combined intraoperative and recovery room doses) reported less pain and required minimal additional analgesic over the next 72 hours than did patients who received morphine. This is consistent with sustained therapeutic plasma levels due to methadone's long plasma half-life (54 +/- 20 hours). Use of methadone in this manner is an effective therapy for postoperative pain control and is not associated with toxicity or notable side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Richlin
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Reuben
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D008691:Methadone