title: Caring approaches: a critical examination of origin, balance of power, embodiment, time and space, and intended outcome.
abstract: The caring approaches of Noddings, Watson, Buber, Jonas, Gadow, Mayerhoff, and Audubon offer a range of conceptualizations of caring found in nursing, philosophy, and literature. Assumptions about what gives rise to care, the relationship of the self and the other, the relationship of caring and the body, and the relationship of caring to time and to outcome are divergent in these approaches. It is the thesis here that when the notion of caring is invoked, the description of caring and its underlying assumptions need to be made explicit. There is no one model of caring, and there is no one right model of caring. We, the authors, do not advocate that the reader choose among the models presented here. Instead, the reader is encouraged to examine personal meanings of caring, and to become aware of basic assumptions found in all approaches to caring. It is with this conceptual clarity that caring can be understood in its many forms of expression.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Vezeau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schroeder
mesh_terms: D001828:Body Image; D004645:Empathy; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009732:Nursing Care / Q000379:methods*; D011209:Power, Psychological