title: MR of ballistic materials: imaging artifacts and potential hazards.
abstract: The most common ballistic materials available in the urban setting were studied for their MR effects on deflection force, rotation, heating, and imaging artifacts at 1.5 T to determine the potential efficacy and safety for imaging patients with ballistic injuries. The 28 missiles tested covered the range of bullet types and materials suggested by the Cleveland Police Department. The deflection force was measured by the New method. Rotation was evaluated 30 min after bullets had been placed in a 10% (weight per weight) ballistic gelatin designed to simulate brain tissue, with the long axis of the bullet placed parallel and perpendicular to the Z axis of the magnet. Heating was measured with alcohol thermometers by imaging for 1 hr alternatively with gradient-echo and spin-echo sequences (RF absorption = 0.033 and 0.326 w/kg respectively). Image artifacts on routine sequences were evaluated. All the steel-containing bullets except for the Winchester armor-piercing 38 caliber exhibited deflection. A nonsteel 7.38-mm Mauser also deflected. Deflection range was 514 to 15,504 dynes. Rotation occurred when the bullets were not parallel to the Z axis. Temperature changes were not significant. Deflecting projectiles resulted in obliteration of the image. The artifacts from other projectiles were small but varied by content. The artifact of the Winchester armor-piercing 38-caliber bullet was similar to those without steel. Bullets that contain steel or ferromagnetic contaminates such as nickel can be rotated within the MR unit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, MetroHealth Medical Center of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University 44106.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Duerk
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Diaz
mesh_terms: D005389:Firearms; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000175:diagnosis*