title: Complete structure of the human gene encoding neuron-specific enolase.
abstract: At least three genes encode the different isoforms of the glycolytic enzyme enolase. We have isolated the gene for the human gamma- or neuron-specific enolase and determined the nucleotide sequence from upstream to the 5' end to beyond the polyadenylation site. The gene contains 12 exons distributed over 9213 nucleotides. Introns occur at positions identical to those reported for the homologous rat gene, as well as for the human alpha- or nonneuronal enolase gene, supporting the existence of a single ancestor for the members of this gene family. Primer extension analysis indicates that the gene has multiple start sites. The putative promoter region lacks canonical TATA and CAAT boxes, is very G + C-rich, and contains several potential regulatory sequences. Furthermore, an inverted Alu sequence is present approximately 572 nucleotides upstream of the major start site. A comparison of the 5'-flanking region of the human gamma-enolase gene with the same region of the rat gene revealed a high degree of sequence conservation.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biologia dello Sviluppo del Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calì
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giallongo
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D004247:DNA; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase