title: Primary acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva is melanoma in situ.
abstract: This essay places the concept of "primary acquired melanosis" of the conjunctiva in historical perspective and shows that it and its analogs, namely, lentigo-melanosis (Hutchinson), melanotic freckle (Hutchinson), melanose circonscrite precancereuse (Dubrueilh), melanotische precancerose (Miescher), lentigo maligna (Clark), precancerous melanosis (Reese), benign, precancerous, and cancerous melanosis (Zimmerman), atypical melanocytic hyperplasia (Silver et al.), and benign acquired melanosis (Zimmerman), are synonyms for melanoma in situ. The issue is not merely semantic or philosophical; it is urgently practical. If a clinician takes literally the meaning of a lesion designated "benign melanosis" and considers it to be benign, rather than the malignant melanoma that it actually is, a patient who bears that flat pigmented lesion may one day die of metastasis from an elevated sequella of it. The same is true of "primary acquired melanosis," which is not simply a condition of blackening by melanin, but a flat melanoma that, if not removed completely, may give rise one day to metastases that cause death. To avoid such misconstructions, we advocate naming melanomas in all organs "melanoma" and those that are confined to epithelial structures "melanoma in situ." Euphemisms like lentigo maligna and primary acquired melanosis are evasions of the diagnosis of melanoma, and use of them may be harmful. For that reason, they should be eschewed.
authors.affiliation: Dermatopathology Unit, New York University Medical Center, New York.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ackerman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koenig
mesh_terms: D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D008548:Melanosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*