title: Infant feeding in Finnish children less than 7 yr of age with newly diagnosed IDDM. Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied associations between the type of feeding in infancy and the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 103 newly diagnosed diabetic children less than 7 yr of age and 103 age- and sex-matched population-based control children in a countrywide study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of IDDM was decreased (P less than 0.05) among children breast-fed for at least 7 mo (odds ratio [OR] 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-0.85) or exclusively breast-fed for at least 3 (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.84) or 4 (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22-0.84) mo. Also, children who were greater than or equal to 4 mo old at the time of introduction of supplementary milk feeding had a lower risk of diabetes (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.91).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protective effects of a long duration of breast-feeding and a late introduction of dairy products on the risk of IDDM remained significant after adjusting for the mother's education.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Räsänen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sippola
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lounamaa
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Toivanen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Akerblom
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000209:etiology*; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors