title: Chromatographic characterisation of six human metabolites of the new anticancer drug GR63178A.
abstract: GR63178A is the second pentacyclic pyrroloquinone to enter clinical trials as an anticancer drug. We developed a reversed-phase, gradient-elution high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method along with a Bond Elut C2 mini-column sample-preparation technique for the analysis of GR63178A, its 9-hydroxy-metabolite GR54374X and internal standard GR70440A in human plasma and urine. The limit of detection is 2 ng/ml for both GR63178A and GR54374X. Analysis of GR63178A is complicated by its light instability, whereby a number of chromatographically distinct, stable degradation products can form. These can be practically eliminated if clinical specimens are frozen immediately and all subsequent sample preparation is performed in a darkroom. Using this methodology, a total of six metabolites (including GR54374X) were detected in human plasma and urine specimens. The five new metabolites were characterised according to polarity (HPLC retention time), UV-visible absorption maxima and the effect of incubation with beta-glucuronidase and aryl-sulphatase. Application of this methodology to the analysis of GR63178A will aid in the development of this novel synthetic anticancer drug.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: MacLellan
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Smyth
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007546:Isoquinolines; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; C072687:fosquidone