title: Cooperative effect of 8-Cl-cAMP and rhGM-CSF on the differentiation of HL-60 human leukemia cells.
abstract: In HL-60 leukemia cells the site-selective cAMP analog, 8-Cl-cAMP, at a dose of 5 microM produced growth inhibition with no signs of toxicity, whereas granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) exerted an early transient increase of cell proliferation which was followed by differentiation toward monocytes. 8-Cl-cAMP in combination with GM-CSF blocked the growth stimulation due to GM-CSF and demonstrated a synergistic effect on the differentiation of HL-60 cells. The early proliferative effect of GM-CSF was correlated with an increased expression of type I regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (RI alpha). Treatment with an RI alpha antisense oligodeoxynucleotide suppressed the GM-CSF-inducible cell proliferation and differentiation. Conversely, an RII beta antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, which suppresses the RII beta and causes a compensatory increase in RI alpha level, greatly enhanced the early proliferative input and the differentiation induced by GM-CSF. These results provide an insight into the mechanism of action of GM-CSF and the rationale for a combination differentiation therapy with 8-Cl-cAMP and GM-CSF.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortora
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pepe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokozaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meissner
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cho-Chung
mesh_terms: D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; C044258:8-chloro-cyclic adenosine monophosphate; D011494:Protein Kinases