title: Lumbar intervertebral foramens. An in vitro study of their shape in relation to intervertebral disc pathology.
abstract: The lumbar intervertebral foramens of 20 isolated cadaveric spines were investigated by the use of a molding technique to assess their dimensions accurately and how intervertebral disc pathology altered their configuration. Oval foramens predominated over auricularly shaped foramens when the disc was normal, but when the disc was abnormal, the converse was true. Foraminal size varied from 40 to 160 mm2 but showed great variation even at individual levels; these were not accurately reflected by simple radiologic measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department for Spinal Disorders, Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire, England.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000473:pathology*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000473:pathology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged