title: Principles of intramedullary pin and wire fixation.
abstract: Knowledge and experience in the proper use of IM pins, K-wires, and orthopedic wire is a valuable asset to the veterinarian's ability to successfully repair a variety of long bone fractures. Most long bone fractures are amenable to repair with this form of fixation. When the principles of application are violated or the implants are used when contraindicated, complications often occur. Proper use of these implants results in the successful management of complex fractures to the satisfaction of both the animal owner and the veterinarian (Fig 10).
authors.affiliation: Vermont Veterinary Surgical Center, Burlington 05401.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001858:Bone Nails / Q000662:veterinary*; D001864:Bone Wires / Q000662:veterinary*; D002415:Cats / Q000293:injuries*; D004285:Dogs / Q000293:injuries*; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000662:veterinary*