title: Platelet activating factor involvement in splanchnic artery occlusion shock in rats.
abstract: Splanchnic artery occlusion shock was induced in anesthetized rats by clamping the splanchnic arteries for 45 min. The survival rate, plasma levels of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, serum and peritoneal levels of macrophage tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), the phagocytotic and killing activity of peritoneal macrophages and white blood cells count were evaluated. Shocked rats died within 2 h, while all sham-shocked rats survived more than 6 h. Plasma TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels were increased in rats subjected to splanchnic artery occlusion shock compared to the levels in sham-shocked animals. Serum and peritoneal macrophage TNF alpha levels were undetectable in sham-shocked rats, whereas shocked rats exhibited increased levels of TNF alpha. Moreover, splanchnic artery occlusion shock reduced peritoneal macrophage phagocytotic and killing activity, and also produced severe leukopenia. A specific receptor antagonist of platelet activating factor (PAF), L-652, 731 (an i.v. bolus of 3.2 mg/kg 2 min after removal of the clamps followed, 5 min thereafter, by a continuous infusion of 0.16 mg/kg per min for 30 min) significantly increased the survival rate, lowered plasma TxB2 levels and reduced both serum and macrophage TNF alpha levels in shocked rats. In addition, L-652,731 completely restored macrophage phagocytosis, partially improved macrophage killing and significantly inhibited leukopenia. Finally, the administration of L-652,731 had beneficial effects on the cardiovascular changes induced by splanchnic artery occlusion shock. These findings are consistent with the involvement of PAF in splanchnic artery occlusion shock and indicate that PAF produces shock through direct and indirect (TxB2-mediated and TNF alpha-mediated) actions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Squadrito
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sturniolo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Altavilla
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Caputi
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000097:blood; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012769:Shock / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005663:Furans; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; C047504:2,5-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran