title: Disease concurrence in diabetes mellitus: a study of concurrent morbidity over 12 months using diabetes mellitus as an example.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to examine disease concurrence, using diabetes mellitus as an ullustrative example.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved a general practice morbidity survey, conducted over 12 months in 1981-82. All patients who consulted their general practitioners with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2) were identified and the number of these who consulted with additional morbidities were counted for each rubric of the Royal College of General Practitioners' modification of the International Classification of Disease. These observed numbers were then compared with expected numbers calculated from the total non-diabetic population after standardisation by age. Standardised person consulting ratios (SPCR) were derived and the 99% confidence intervals (CI) surrounding these values calculated.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a national survey involving the whole of England and Wales.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 280,000 patients from selected general practices, of whom 953 males and 1035 females consulted their general practitioners with diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In an examination of 80 disease rubrics in the diabetic population in which there were at least 20 observed or expected cases, there were 34 among males and 28 among females in which there were increased values of the SPCR, and none in which the SPCR was decreased. SPCRs were high for infections generally (bacterial, fungal, and viral) and particularly so for cardiovascular disorders and for hypothyroidism in males. Though SPCRs for upper respiratory infections were increased, those for asthma and hay fever were not. SPCRs for neoplasms as a group were not raised.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By confirming other work and widely held clinical opinion, this study has shown the potential of this data base for the examination of disease concurrence.
authors.affiliation: Royal College of General Practitioners, Birmingham Research Unit, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Crombie
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Cross
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D013997:Time Factors; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology