title: The distinction of positive and negative symptoms. The failure of a two-dimensional model.
abstract: The distinction of positive and negative symptoms in describing schizophrenic patients has become popular. It presupposes that symptoms cluster in two dimensions, fitting together not only theoretically but empirically. Factor analysis of three published studies of 93, 62 and 52 schizophrenic patients and a large pooled sample showed that more than two distinct dimensions are required to categorise symptoms in schizophrenia. This result is consistent across methods and samples, and with previous literature. The added dimensionality resulted from a splitting of the positive symptom domain into more distinct factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arndt
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Alliger
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Andreasen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed