title: Vibrio cholerae produces a second enterotoxin, which affects intestinal tight junctions.
abstract: Attenuated Vibrio cholerae vaccine strains specifically mutated in genes encoding cholera toxin (CT) are still capable of causing mild to moderate diarrhea. Culture supernatants of V. cholerae strains, both CT-positive and CT-negative, were examined in Ussing chambers, and a toxin was found that increases the permeability of the small intestinal mucosa by affecting the structure of the intercellular tight junction, or zonula occludens. The activity of this toxin is reversible, heat-labile, sensitive to protease digestion, and found in culture supernatant fractions containing molecules between 10 and 30 kDa in size. Production of this factor (named ZOT for zonula occludens toxin) correlates with diarrheagenicity of V. cholerae strains in volunteers and may represent another virulence factor of infectious diarrhea that must be eliminated to achieve a safe and effective live oral vaccine against cholera.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fasano
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baudry
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Pumplin
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Tall
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ketley
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kaper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000633:toxicity; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000633:toxicity; D007082:Ileum / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D007365:Intercellular Junctions / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009154:Mutation; D011817:Rabbits; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins; C037420:stN protein, Vibrio cholerae; D002772:Cholera Toxin