title: Nutritional transition during infancy in East Java, Indonesia: 1. A longitudinal study of feeding pattern, breast milk intake and the consumption of additional foods.
abstract: Infant feeding pattern was studied longitudinally from birth to 52 weeks among all infants born in the period September 1982-December 1984 in three villages in Madura, East Java (n = 687). Genuine demand breast-feeding was practised but it is the custom to force-feed infants from as early as the third day after birth until about 16 weeks. In a sub-sample the intake of breast milk and additional foods were measured, longitudinally in 76 infants and cross-sectionally in 77 infants. Breast milk intake ranged from 745 g per 24 h in the first month to 640 g per 24 h in the 12th month. Force-feeding did not have a negative influence on breast milk intake. The main constraint in infant feeding is the low intake of additional foods, which remained at 180 kcal and 3 g protein per day from the age of 16 weeks onwards.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: van Steenbergen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kusin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kardjati
authors.forename: U H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Renqvist
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male