title: Application of intermediate biomarkers to studies of cancer prevention in the gastrointestinal tract: introduction and perspective.
abstract: In this article, abnormalities in the proliferation and differentiation of gastrointestinal cells are described in diseases that increase predisposition to gastrointestinal cancer. Recent findings related to the effects of calcium on gastrointestinal cell proliferation, differentiation, and tumor occurrence in rodent models and in human subjects are summarized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lipkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D004064:Digestive System / Q000473:pathology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers