title: Divergence of muscle and liver fructose 2,6-diphosphate in fasted exercising rats.
abstract: Previous studies demonstrate that nonexercising muscle may serve as a source of lactate for hepatic gluconeogenesis during long-term exercise. The concentration of fructose 2,6-diphosphate (F-2,6-P2), a signal molecule that accelerates glycolysis, was examined in liver and muscles of fed and fasted resting rats and in fasted rats run for 5, 15, or 30 min at 21 m/min (15% grade). Liver F-2,6-P2 decreased in response to fasting and exercise. White quadriceps (composed predominantly of type IIb fibers) F-2,6-P2 increased from 2.2 +/- 0.1 to 4.5 +/- 0.4 pmol/mg in the fasted rats in response to 30 min of treadmill running. No increase was observed in the red region of the quadriceps (composed of type IIa fibers). The fasted rats also exhibited a threefold increase in glucose 1,6-diphosphate (G-1,6-P2) in the white quadriceps after 30 min of exercise, whereas no significant changes were observed in the red quadriceps or in liver. The increases in F-2,6-P2 and G-1,6-P2 may be important in accelerating glycolysis and enhancing lactate production in muscles that are not glycogen depleted during long-term exercise.
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Winder
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gygi
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ojuka
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Weidman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005215:Fasting; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005635:Fructosediphosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008112:Liver Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008316:Malonyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D009928:Organ Specificity; D005082:Physical Exertion; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005635:Fructosediphosphates; D007328:Insulin; D007773:Lactates; D008112:Liver Glycogen; D008316:Malonyl Coenzyme A; C027652:fructose 2,6-diphosphate; D006003:Glycogen; D005934:Glucagon; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine