title: AICA-riboside: safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of a novel adenosine-regulating agent.
abstract: AICA-riboside (5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide ribonucleoside) is a novel adenosine-regulating agent that is currently being investigated for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. In a placebo-controlled, double-blind study in healthy men, we evaluated the safety and kinetics of the drug after oral and IV administration of 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg doses. At each dose level, four subjects received active drug and two subjects received placebo with a 1-week wash-out period between the IV and oral doses. The drug was well tolerated at all dose levels with only mild and transient side effects reported in some instances by the subjects who received placebo and those patients who received the drug. The post-infusion plasma concentrations of AICA-riboside declined rapidly in a biphasic fashion, and the terminal elimination phase had a harmonic mean t1/2 beta of 1.4 hours. Total plasma clearance (CL), mean residence time (MRTIV), and volume of distribution at steady-state (VSS) were 2.5 L/hr/kg, 0.7 hr, and 1.6 L/kg, respectively. The drug was not protein bound, and there was rapid uptake and phosphorylation in RBCs to its 5'-monophosphate nucleotide. Renal clearance (CLR) was 0.2 L/hr/kg with only 8% of the IV dose excreted in the urine as intact AICA-riboside. Although there was a trend towards a decrease in CL with increasing dose, there were no significant differences (P greater than .05) in the mean estimates of t1/2 beta, CL, CLR, MRTIV and VSS associated with dose. The drug was poorly bioavailable (less than 5%) when administered orally in solution.
authors.affiliation: Gensia Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California 92121.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gourzis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujitaki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dewland
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gruber
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011485:Protein Binding; D012263:Ribonucleosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D012263:Ribonucleosides; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; C011651:acadesine