title: Specific types of colonic fermentation may raise low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations.
abstract: To assess the effects of increased colonic fermentation on serum lipids, eight healthy volunteers were placed on two identical 2-wk metabolic diets, one of which was supplemented with lactulose (18-25 g/d). Lactulose raised day-long concentrations of breath hydrogen and serum glutamine as indicators of increased colonic fermentation by 78 +/- 13% (P less than 0.001) and 24.7 +/- 9.5% (P less than 0.05), respectively). Unexpectedly, however, fasting serum total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations were higher at 2 wk by 8.9 +/- 1.5% (P less than 0.001), 10.9 +/- 2.2% (P less than 0.005), and 18.9 +/- 5.9% (P less than 0.02), respectively, compared with the control diet. With lactulose, mean free fatty acid concentrations were reduced over the day by 19.5 +/- 5.9% (P less than 0.02), with no change in mean day-long blood glucose, serum insulin, or C-peptide concentrations. We conclude that certain rapidly fermented substrates may raise rather than lower serum lipids, possibly through increasing the amount of acetate absorbed from the colon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wolever
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brighenti
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vuksan
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cunnane
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ocana
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vezina
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001944:Breath Tests; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism*; D015930:Diet Records; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005973:Glutamine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000032:analysis; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007792:Lactulose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D005973:Glutamine; D007792:Lactulose; D006859:Hydrogen