title: Nutrition labels in bar graph format deemed most useful for consumer purchase decisions using adaptive conjoint analysis.
abstract: This study estimated the effects of changing multiple levels and combinations of nutrition information format, load, expression, and order on consumers' perceptions of label usefulness in purchase decisions using adaptive conjoint analysis. A shopping mall intercept survey, which was administered by a marketing research firm, assessed consumer preferences for 12 label alternatives produced on Campbell's soup cans to portray nutrition information realistically; 252 of 258 respondents completed the computer interactive interview. Consumers significantly preferred the bar graph format to the bar graph/nutrient density and traditional label formats. Consumers considered the bar graph/nutrient density format to be as useful as the traditional label format. There was a highly significant difference among the three levels of information load; the most information load was preferred regardless of nutrient importance. Consumers significantly preferred nutrition information stated in absolute numbers and percentages vs in absolute numbers only in traditional, or in percentages only expressions. There was a significant difference between consumer preferences for the two types of information order. The findings indicate that consumers clearly preferred the nutrition label that displayed all nutrient values using a bar graph format, offered the most information load, and expressed nutrient values using both absolute numbers and percentages. Consumers also preferred nutrition information rearranged in an order that grouped nutrients that should be consumed in adequate amounts on the top, calories in the middle, and nutrients that should be consumed in lesser amounts on the bottom of the label.
authors.affiliation: Division of Foods and Nutrition, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Wyse
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Parent
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D003258:Consumer Behavior; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005515:Food Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011639:Public Opinion; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires