Renal effects of radiocontrast agents in rats: a new model of acute renal failure.
The objectives of this study were first to develop a reproducible and reversible model of acute renal failure following contrast medium infusion in the rat; second to use that method to compare the nephrotoxicity of low- and high-osmolar contrast agents. Contrast media or saline were perfused in the aorta while a clamp was applied on the aorta just above the renal artery. Three minutes of renal ischemia with or without infusion of isotonic saline induced no change in serum creatinine and a slight and transient decrease in creatinine clearance at 24 h. Urinary N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion was not modified in this control group. All 17 kidneys which were examined were normal. 2,100 mosm/kg hypertonic saline induced a significant increase in serum creatinine and a significant decrease in creatinine clearance (from 1.8 +/- 0.1 to 0.8 +/- 0.1 and 1.0 +/- 0.2 ml/min at 24 and 48 h, respectively). Urinary NAG excretion increased from 23 +/- 18 to 48 +/- 20 and 8 +/- 4 mumol h-1/mmol creatinine at 24 and 48 h, respectively (p less than 0.05). Histologic analysis of 5 kidneys revealed acute tubular necrosis (n = 3) and no histologic abnormalities (n = 2). Diatrizoate induced an acute and reversible renal failure. Creatinine clearance decreased from 1.6 +/- 0.1 to 0.4 +/- 0.1 and 0.8 +/- 0.1 ml/min at 24 and 48 h, respectively (p less than 0.01). Urinary NAG excretion increased also significantly from 43 +/- 9 to 352 +/- 79 and 64 +/- 23 mumol h-1/mmol creatinine at 24 and 48 h, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Deray
G
G
Department of Nephrology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
Dubois
M
M
Martinez
F
F
Baumelou
B
B
Beaufils
H
H
Bourbouze
R
R
Baumelou
A
A
Jacobs
C
C
D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine; D007683:Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic
D003287:Contrast Media; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D003404:Creatinine; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase