title: ACE-inhibition increases hepatic and extrahepatic sensitivity to insulin in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension.
abstract: To assess the effects of ACE-inhibition on insulin action in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus associated with essential hypertension, 12 patients with Type 2 diabetes (on diet and oral hypoglycaemic agents) and arterial hypertension were examined on two occasions, in a single blind, cross-over study after two days of treatment with either captopril or a placebo. The study consisted of a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (two sequential steps of insulin infusion at the rates of 0.25 mU.kg-1.min-1 and 1 mU.kg-1.min-1, 2 h each step), combined with an infusion of 3-3H-glucose to measure the rate of hepatic glucose production and that of peripheral glucose utilization. The results show that blood pressure was lower after captopril (sitting, systolic 148 +/- 5 mm Hg, diastolic 89 +/- 2 mm Hg) compared to placebo (155 +/- 6 and 94 +/- 2 mm Hg) (p less than 0.05). Captopril treatment resulted in a more suppressed hepatic glucose production (2.7 +/- 0.4 vs 4.94 +/- 0.55 mumol.kg-1.min-1), and a lower plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration (0.143 +/- 0.05 vs 0.200 +/- 0.05 mmol/l) (captopril vs placebo, p less than 0.05) at the end of the first step of insulin infusion (estimated portal plasma insulin concentration 305 +/- 28 pmol/l); and in a greater glucose utilization (36.5 +/- 5.1 vs 28 +/- 3.6 mumol.kg-1.min-1, p less than 0.001) at the end of the second step of insulin infusion (arterial plasma insulin concentration of 604 +/- 33 pmol/l).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica e Metodologia Clinica, Università di Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torlone
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rambotti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perriello
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Botta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santeusanio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brunetti
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Bolli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002216:Captopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D002216:Captopril; D005947:Glucose