title: Endoscopic sphincterotomy complications and their management: an attempt at consensus.
abstract: Despite its relative safety (in comparison with surgery), and undoubted role in many clinical circumstances, biliary sphincterotomy is the most dangerous procedure routinely performed by endoscopists. Complications occur in about 10% of patients; 2 to 3% have a prolonged hospital stay, with a risk of dying. This document is an attempt to provide guidelines for prevention and management of complications, based on a workshop of selected experts, and a comprehensive review of the literature. We emphasize particularly the importance of specialist training, disinfection, drainage, and collaboration with surgical colleagues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lehman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vennes
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Geenen
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liguory
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nickl
mesh_terms: D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects; D004386:Duodenum / Q000293:injuries; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013105:Sphincterotomy, Transduodenal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods