title: In vitro differentiation of bone and hypertrophic cartilage from periosteal-derived cells.
abstract: Periosteal cells were enzymatically liberated from the tibiae of young chicks, introduced into cell culture, and allowed to reach confluence. The morphology of the cells gave the impression of a relatively homogeneous population of fibroblast-like cells. These cultured cells did not overtly express osteogenic or chondrogenic properties as judged by their morphology and the lack of reactivity with probes to phenotype-specific antigens of osteoblasts or chondrocytes. The cells were then replated at relatively high density and chronologically evaluated for the differentiation of bone and cartilage. These replated cells formed a multi-layer of fibroblast-like cells, the top portion of which eventually differentiated into bone tissue as evidenced by the presence of mineralization and immunocytochemical reactivity to bone Gla protein- and osteocyte-specific probes. Cells below this distinctive top layer differentiated into chondrocytes, which eventually further developed into hypertrophic chondrocytes as evidenced by their morphology and the presence of immunoreactive type X collagen in the matrix. Mineralization was also observed in the territorial matrix of these hypertrophic chondrocytes, when the culture was augmented with beta-glycerophosphate. Periosteal-derived cells replated at a lower density as controls did not show signs of osteochondrogenic differentiation. These observation suggest that periosteal-derived cells of young chicks contain mesenchymal cells which possess the potential to undergo terminal differentiation into osteogenic or chondrogenic phenotypes depending on local environmental or positional cues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bruder
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Haynesworth
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Caplan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002645:Chickens; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010521:Periosteum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003094:Collagen