title: Panic attacks without fear: an overview.
abstract: 'Non-fearful panic disorder' (NFPD) is a condition that meets DSM III-R criteria for panic disorder but lacks a report of subjective fear or anxiety. Presenting the first comprehensive overview of this issue, the authors describe studies investigating a wide range of apparently overlapping phenomena including NFPD, 'somatically expressed panic', 'non-cognitive panic', 'alexithymic panic', 'non-clinical panic', and 'masked anxiety'. The review shows that such conditions account for from 20 to 40% of the panic disorder found in various medical populations, and that this group resembles conventional panic disorder in cross-sectional comparisons. We emphasize that a 'triple-response' model of anxiety is consistent with our conclusion that NFPD should be conceptualized as a panic disorder subtype. Finally, we discuss unresolved issues regarding the construct and predictive diagnostic validity of NFPD.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Pennsylvania at EPPI, Philadelphia 19129.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kushner
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Beitman
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D001143:Arousal; D005239:Fear; D006801:Humans; D010200:Panic; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000523:psychology