Racemization and oxidation in adrenaline injections.
Adrenaline injection fluids aged between 3 and 33 years were analyzed with respect to oxidation and racemization. The oxidation was determined by ion-pair reversed phase HPLC, and the degree of racemization was determined by derivatization of the adrenaline isomers to diastereomeric forms and subsequently separated by reversed phase HPLC. 10% adrenaline was oxidized after about 11 years, while 10% L-adrenaline was converted to D-adrenaline after only 4 years. After about 4 years, the injections contained less than 90% active adrenaline.
Fyllingen
G
G
Military Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Joint Medical Service, Oslo, Norway.
Langvik
T A
TA
Hasselgård
P
P
Roksvaag
P O
PO
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007536:Isomerism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013997:Time Factors
D004837:Epinephrine