title: Tolerance of the preruminant calf for excess manganese or zinc in milk replacer.
abstract: In two experiments, calves were fed milk replacer containing 40, 200, 500, 1000, or 5000 ppm Mn or 40, 200, 500, 700, or 1000 ppm Zn in DM, from 3 to 38 d of age, to estimate the minimum toxic concentrations of Mn and Zn. Starting at 1000 ppm Mn, weight gains and feed efficiencies were decreased slightly; none of the calves fed 5000 ppm Mn survived the 5-wk experiment. Liver and bile showed the largest increases in Mn concentration. In the Zn experiment, only at 700 and 1000 ppm Zn were weight gains, DM intake, and feed efficiency reduced. Largest Zn increases were in liver, kidney, and plasma. Thus, performance of the preruminant calves was not affected adversely by 500 ppm Mn or 500 ppm Zn in milk replacer, concentrations that are markedly higher than the NRC recommendations of 40 ppm Mn and 40 ppm Zn. However, Mn and Zn concentrations increased in some tissues, and toxicities might have arisen if the trial had been continued. Evidence was not obtained indicating that the calf benefits from Mn or Zn intakes above the NRC recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Animal Research Centre, Research Branch Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, ON.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hidiroglou
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020149:Manganese Poisoning; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D015032:Zinc / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015032:Zinc