title: Citrate haemodialysis.
abstract: We describe our experience with sodium citrate as anticoagulant in the haemodialysis of 15 patients who were at high risk for bleeding. Furthermore, in six of these patients who were on prolonged citrate dialysis, the last month of heparin dialysis was compared with the first month in which citrate was used as anticoagulant. Our series confirms the suitability of citrate as anticoagulant in patients who are at high risk for bleeding. In the prolonged citrate dialysis group, however, there were complaints of paraesthesias. Probably, the citrate-induced metabolic alkalosis and the relatively low serum calcium concentration observed in these patients contributed to these complaints. To limit these side effects the acetate concentration in the dialysate needs to be reduced and, as magnesium also complexes with citrate, a calcium- and magnesium-free dialysate should be used to reduce the citrate infusion rate and thus the alkaline load in these patients. Furthermore, lowering the calcium infusion rate in order to lower the citrate infusion rate is not indicated because this induces low serum calcium concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Oe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Meulen
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Donker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002951:Citrates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019343:Citric Acid; D005260:Female; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002951:Citrates; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions; D019343:Citric Acid