title: Estimation of doses to patients from "complex" conventional X-ray examinations.
abstract: A numerical method has been developed to estimate the organ doses and effective dose-equivalent for patients undergoing three "complex" examinations (barium meal, barium enema and intravenous urography). The separation of radiological procedures into a set of standard numerical views is based on the use of Monte Carlo conversion factors and measurements within a Remab phantom. The radiation doses measured in a phantom for such examinations have been compared with the predictions of the "numerical" method. Dosimetric measurements with thermoluminescent dosemeters attached to the patient's skin along with measurements of the dose-area product during the examination have enabled us to derive organ doses and to estimate the effective dose-equivalent. Mean frequency weighted values of dose-area product, energy imparted to the patient, doses to a set of organs and effective dose-equivalent in the area of Madrid are reported. Comparisons of the results with those from similar surveys in other countries have been made.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Física Médica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calzado
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vañó
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morán
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castellote
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D001466:Barium Sulfate; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001940:Breast / Q000528:radiation effects; D004064:Digestive System / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004733:Enema; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000528:radiation effects; D008961:Models, Structural; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011835:Radiation Protection; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014567:Urography
chemical_list: D001466:Barium Sulfate