title: Intramuscular ketorolac and morphine in the treatment of moderate to severe pain after major surgery.
abstract: A multicenter, randomized, open, parallel study in 227 patients with moderate or severe postoperative pain compared the analgesic efficacy and safety of multiple intramuscular injections of ketorolac 30 mg (184 patients) and morphine 10 mg (43 patients) administered as needed as often as every 2 hours for a maximum of 40 doses or 10 days. Supplemental standard analgesics, usually opiates, were permitted if additional pain medication was required. When used with supplemental analgesics (averaging less than 1 dose/day), ketorolac afforded equal or superior efficacy to morphine used with other supplemental analgesics. Given alone or with supplemental analgesics, ketorolac was better tolerated than morphine, as reflected by rate of terminations due to adverse events and frequency of common complaints. Intramuscular ketorolac thus provides an important additional approach to management of pain.
authors.affiliation: Texas Clinical Research Center, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Spindler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mehlisch
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D020910:Ketorolac; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D009020:Morphine; D014046:Tolmetin; D020910:Ketorolac