title: Molecular analysis of the t(1;19) breakpoint cluster region in pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias.
abstract: The t(1;19) chromosomal translocation in acute lymphoblastic pre-B cell leukemias involves the gene E2A for helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins E12 and E47, ubiquitous transcriptional proteins implicated in the regulation of various lymphoid and nonlymphoid genes. To characterize the molecular features of the t(1;19)(q23;p13) translocation, we molecularly cloned breakpoint DNA from t(1;19)-carrying pre-B cell leukemias. In all cases, breakpoints on chromosome 19 occurred within 2 kb of each other in a single intron of the E2A gene. This clustered arrangement resulted in specific truncation of the E2A gene and transcript, with loss of sequences encoding the basic DNA-binding and HLH dimerization motifs from the derivative 19 chromosome. In contrast, breakpoints on chromosome 1 were distributed over a large region and could not be linked to exonic sequences of the PBX1 gene, although identical chromosome 1 sequences are joined to E2A sequences in 1;19 fusion transcripts. These data show that the 1;19 translocation consistently results in exchange of 3' exons encoding the HLH motifs of E2A with DNA from chromosome 1 to form a fusion gene on the derivative 19 chromosome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mellentin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nourse
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hunger
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cleary
mesh_terms: D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D058125:Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; C544912:TCF7L1 protein, human; D058125:Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors