title: Interactive sonar-operated device for stereotactic and open surgery.
abstract: An accuracy of +/- 1 mm in surgical localization of brain targets was reliably attained with a new sonar-operated system, provided that air turbulence was minimized. Since a conventional frame construction with coordinate settings has been disposed of, apart from a halo ring head holder, free access to the operating site is guaranteed. Using offset probes, measurements in depth can be realized with a relatively simple hardware arrangement. A small, 'floating' locator probe can be attached to all kinds of surgical instruments; its spatial position is computed in real time and immediately referred to computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging scans. Although this work is still in progress, promising applications both in stereotactic and in open surgery are envisaged.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical University Clinic, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zweifel
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004453:Echoencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008838:Microcomputers; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013523:Surgical Equipment; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*