title: Stilbene disulfonic acids. CD4 antagonists that block human immunodeficiency virus type-1 growth at multiple stages of the virus life cycle.
abstract: The stilbene disulfonic acids 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), 4,4'-diisothiocyanatodihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid and, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid bound the variable-1 immunoglobulin-like domain of CD4 on JM cells. The interaction blocked the binding of the anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody OKT4A and the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). DIDS inhibited the acute infection of CD4+ cells by HIV-1 with a potency (IC50 approximately 30 microM) similar to that which blocked gp120 binding (IC50 approximately 20 microM) to the cellular antigen. Pretreating uninfected CD4+ C8166 cells with DIDS blocked their fusion with chronically infected gp120+ cells. DIDS covalently and selectively modified lysine 90 of soluble CD4 and abolished the gp120-binding and antiviral properties of the recombinant protein. When added to cells productively infected with HIV-1, DIDS blocked virus growth and cleared cultures of syncytia without inhibiting cellular proliferation. The stilbene disulfonic acids are a novel class of site-specific CD4 antagonists that block multiple CD4-dependent events associated with acute and established HIV-1 infections.
authors.affiliation: Marion Merrell Dow Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio 45215.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Cardin
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Blankenship
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Bowlin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Stauderman
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tyms
mesh_terms: D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D012856:4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002460:Cell Line; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013601:T-Lymphocytes
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D012856:4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid; C018564:dihydro-DIDS; D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid