Potassium currents in the inner segment of single retinal cone photoreceptors.
1. The K+ currents of cone inner segments isolated from the retina of a lizard were studied with the use of tight-seal electrodes in the whole cell configuration. To conduct these studies other identified currents in the cell were blocked. Co2+ blocked a voltage-dependent Ca2+ current and a Ca2(+)-dependent Cl- current, and Cs+ blocked an inward-rectifying current partially carried by K+. 2. The cells sustained a voltage-dependent K+ current that was blocked by tetraethylammonium (TEA)+ and had characteristics typical of the delayed rectifier. However, we found no evidence for the existence of "A"-type K+ currents or Ca2(+)-dependent K+ currents. 3. The delayed-rectifier current was nearly ideally selective for K+. Increasing external K+ concentration 10-fold shifted the reversal potential by 55 mV. 4. Analysis of the voltage dependence of the activation of the delayed-rectifier current revealed the existence of two distinct subclasses of this current. We referred to them as IdrL and IdrH for low and high threshold of voltage activation. 5. IdrL activated at voltages above -70 mV. Its dependence on voltage was described by Boltzmann's function with average half-maximum activation at -51 mV and steepness factor k = 7.5 mV. IdrH activated at voltages above -50 mV. Its dependence on voltage was described by Boltzmann's function with average half-maximum activation at -4.6 mV and steepness factor k = 17.1 mV. 6. Of nine cells analyzed in detail, one demonstrated IdrH alone, whereas the remaining had a variable mixture of the two current subtypes. At maximum activation the current through IdrL ranged between 0.3 and 0.5 of the total delayed-rectifier current. 7. The kinetics of activation of the total delayed-rectifier current were described by the sum of two exponentials the amplitudes and time constants of which were voltage dependent. However, the kinetics of the current subtypes were not resolved individually. The current inactivated slowly with a single-exponential time course that was voltage dependent. 8. The voltage dependence of the delayed-rectifier current indicates the current is active in a cone photoreceptor in the dark. The current is 20-30 pA in amplitude at the dark-membrane potential and outwardly directed. 9. IdrL may generate a rapid relaxation of photovoltages activated by dim lights--those that hyperpolarize the membrane by only a few millivolts. The delayed-rectifier currents help shape the action potentials that can be generated in isolated cone photoreceptors.
Maricq
A V
AV
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.
Korenbrot
J I
JI
D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002586:Cesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D003035:Cobalt / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008116:Lizards / Q000502:physiology*; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D012996:Solutions; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D019789:Tetraethylammonium; D013757:Tetraethylammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
D015221:Potassium Channels; D012996:Solutions; D013757:Tetraethylammonium Compounds; D002586:Cesium; D003035:Cobalt; D019789:Tetraethylammonium