title: Comparative in vitro activities of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, cephalexin, and cephalothin against trimethoprim-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from stools of children attending day-care centers.
abstract: A high prevalence of fecal colonization with trimethoprim-resistant Escherichia coli was found in diapered children attending day-care centers in Houston, Tex. In the present study, 100 isolates of E. coli resistant to multiple antibiotics, including trimethoprim (100%), sulfisoxazole (100%), streptomycin (94%), and ampicillin (87%), were obtained over a 5-month period from stool samples of diapered children attending four day-care centers and tested for their susceptibilities to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, cephalexin, and cephalothin. The MICs for 50 and 90% of strains tested were 16 and 32 micrograms/ml, respectively, for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 4 and 16 micrograms/ml, respectively, for cefuroxime, 4 and 64 micrograms/ml, respectively, for cephalexin, and 32 and greater than 64 micrograms/ml, respectively, for cephalothin. Although all three oral beta-lactams tested were generally active at concentrations likely to be achieved in urine, cefuroxime and cephalexin were more potent and are thus more likely to be inhibitory at the concentrations needed for systemic infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Reves
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Pickering
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002444:Cefuroxime / Q000494:pharmacology; D002506:Cephalexin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002512:Cephalothin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002969:Clavulanic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010957:Plasmids / Q000187:drug effects; D014296:Trimethoprim Resistance
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002969:Clavulanic Acids; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D000658:Amoxicillin; D002444:Cefuroxime; D002506:Cephalexin; D002512:Cephalothin