title: A clinical survey of head injuries sustained in the M1 Boeing 737 disaster: recommendations to improve aircrash survival.
abstract: On 8 January 1989 at 20:25 h, a British Midland Boeing 737/400 on approach to East Midlands Airport crashed across the M1 motorway with the immediate loss of 39 lives from the 126 people on board. In the aftermath of the accident a clinical review was commenced to determine the mechanisms of injury in the 87 initial survivors and hopefully provide data to improve commercial aircraft safety in the future. Seventy-seven survivors sustained head and facial trauma in the crash, 45 of whom had periods of amnesia surrounding the event. Twenty-one received injuries from behind, including five of the six severely head-injured adults. Loss of consciousness and duration of amnesia were directly related to the degree of superficial head trauma. Adoption of the fully flexed brace position for crash-landing offered significant protection from head injury and concussion, and possibly reduced injuries from behind. Suggestions are made for potentially improving the survivability of aircraft accidents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rowles
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mumford
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Firth
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000401:Aircraft; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004190:Disasters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D011187:Posture; D016019:Survival Analysis