title: The effects of bayluscide and malathion on the survival of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia.
abstract: Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the toxic effects of bayluscide and malathion against Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. The results indicate that survival of miracidia varied with times of exposure and concentrations of tested chemicals. Statistical analyses reveal that LC5, LC50 and LC95 for bayluscide were 0.04 ppm, 0.06 ppm and 0.12 ppm after 2 hours of exposure; 0.02 ppm, 0.03 ppm and 0.06 ppm after 4 hours of exposure; and 0.01 ppm, 0.02 ppm and 0.04 ppm after 6 hours of exposure respectively. These data indicate that bayluscide is much more toxic to the first stage larvae of schistosomes than to snail intermediate hosts cited in the literature. Application of lower concentrations of molluscicide in the transmission sites is thus expected to curtail the survival of miracidia; therefore controlling schistosomiasis at relatively low costs. Such applications also reduce the risk of toxicity to non target organisms present in the aquatic environment. Statistical analysis of the results of tests using malathion gave LC5, LC50 and LC95 values of 83.38 ppm, 153.11 ppm and 245.85 ppm after 2 hours of exposure; and 76.86 ppm, 116.48 ppm and 172.04 ppm after 4 hours of exposure respectively. These data indicate that the use of malathion as an insecticide in tropical ecosystems may also affect the survival and viability of schistosome miracidia. Such uses could help reducing the risk of schistosomiasis transmission in these particular locations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Tchounwou
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Englande
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Malek
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abdelghani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008294:Malathion / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009534:Niclosamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000187:drug effects*; D014330:Tropical Medicine
chemical_list: D008975:Molluscacides; D009534:Niclosamide; D008294:Malathion