title: The psychological sequelae of disaster stress prospectively and retrospectively evaluated.
abstract: Aimed to document the psychological sequelae of a disaster in the adult (17-68 years) population of the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico, by surveying 912 persons (including 375 previously interviewed) with a Spanish version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. A rigorous methodology, which included both retrospective and prospective designs, was used, enabled by the occurrence of a catastrophic disaster only a year after a comprehensive survey was completed. Framed in a stress theoretical perspective, disaster effects for new depressive, somatic, and posttraumatic stress symptoms were identified, even after adjusting for demographic and methodologic factors. All the effects, however, were relatively small, suggesting that most disaster victims were rather resilient to the development of new psychological symptoms. Comparison of results with previous findings and its implications for both disaster and stress research are discussed, as well as the role of community psychologists in disaster action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Graduate Studies in Education, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubio-Stipec
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Canino
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Woodbury
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ribera
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004190:Disasters; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011647:Puerto Rico; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*