title: [The clinical evaluation of the severity of chronic heart failure: a comparison between the NYHA functional class and the Goldman scale].
abstract: Controversies exist about the functional evaluation of chronic heart failure; aim of this study has been the assessment of the feasibility of the Goldman classification, based on the metabolic cost of various daily physical activities, in a cohort of patients with mild to moderate heart failure, its relation to NYHA class and to the main clinical parameters currently used. We evaluated 114 patients (mean age 61 years) with mild to moderate heart failure due to idiopathic cardiomyopathy (78%), ischemic heart disease (14%) and others (8%). Based on the Goldman classification there were 82 patients (72%) in second and 28 (24%) in third class while 83 (73%) were in NYHA II class and 31 (27%) in NYHA III class. The concordance rate between Goldman second and NYHA II class was 84% and 64% between Goldman third and NYHA III class. The cardiothoracic ratio was statistically different in all 3 Goldman classes while this happened only in NYHA IIM and III versus IIS. Double product and duration of exercise were statistically different in all Goldman classes but only in NYHA II and III class. No relation was observed with ejection fraction on echocardiogram. In the subgroups analysis there was a linear positive relation between duration of exercise versus double product and cardiothoracic ratio versus cardiac volume. We conclude that Goldman class is a feasible method to assess quality of life in chronic heart failure and is more helpful and objective than NYHA class in determining the functional class of the patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Malattie dell'Apparato Cardiovascolare, Università degli Studi, Bologna.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casella
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magnani
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prati
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magelli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Magnani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004452:Echocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic
vernacular_title: Valutazione clinica della severità dello scompenso cardiaco cronico: confronto fra classe funzionale NYHA e scala di Goldman.