title: Imaging and manipulation of cytosolic ions and messengers during cell activation.
abstract: Optical methods have recently become available for continuously imaging the free concentrations of important ions and second messengers such as calcium, sodium and hydrogen inside living cells. These ion levels are found to undergo remarkable changes upon stimulation of quiescent cells with growth factors known to stimulate phosphoinositide breakdown. In serum-starved REF-52 fibroblasts, growth factors such as serum, vasopressin, or PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) cause intracellular [Na+] to increase from about 4 mM to 8 mM. If mitogen treatment is combined with pharmacological depolarization of the membrane potential, repetitive [Ca2+]i spikes result in these rat fibroblasts. The mechanism of this oscillation has been investigated by light-flash release of intracellular messengers such as inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3), Ca2+, and diacylglycerol, as well as more traditional biochemical techniques. The key feedback pathway appears to be Ca2(+)-stimulation of phospholipase C production of Ins(1,4,5)P3.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute M-047, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Harootunian
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Tsien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000187:drug effects; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D007477:Ions; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D014667:Vasopressins; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium