title: The integrative approach to psychiatry.
abstract: From the early days of psychiatry as a distinct field of knowledge and clinical practice two competing approaches to the etiology and treatment of mental disorders have vied for dominance: the somatic and the psychic ("moral"). We are witnessing the same struggle today. To speak metaphorically, we can opt for either brainless or mindless psychiatry, as Szasz proposed. He failed to consider a third option, however, one that may be called an integrative approach. The latter is neither mindless nor brainless but rather encompasses both the mind and the brain in its theoretical and practical consideration. I will formulate the integrative approach in this paper and argue that it has a distinct advantage for both the study and treatment of mental disorders.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Lipowski
mesh_terms: D001689:Biological Psychiatry / Q000639:trends*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D012931:Social Environment