title: Fate of [14C]monolinuron in potatoes and soil under outdoor conditions.
abstract: [phenyl-14C]Monolinuron was applied (2.5 and 1.9 kg/ha) to the soil surface of an outdoor lysimeter in two successive years: then, potatoes were grown. Total recovery of 14C in soil, plants, and leached water was about 55% (of 14C applied) after the first growing period and about 43% after the second growing period. Radioactivity in soil contained 77.1% (based on total 14C recovered in soil) bound residues, 15% monolinuron, and the following conversion products: N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N'-methoxy-N'-methylurea, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-methylurea. N-(4-chlorophenyl)methylcarbamate, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-methylcarbamate, and 4-chloroformanilide. The leachate contained 0.8% (based on total 14C recovered in leachate) N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N'-methoxy-N'-methylurea. Potato plants contained 0.106 mg/kg radioactive residues in peeled tubers after one growing period and 15.94 mg/kg in the tops; after two growing periods, peeled tubers contained 0.091 mg/kg and tops contained 18.87 mg/kg radioactive residues. These residues consisted of bound 14C (57.9% of total 14C recovered in plants), N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N'-methoxy-N'-methylurea, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-methylurea, N-(4-chlorophenyl)methylcarbamate, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-methylcarbamate, and 4,4'-dichlorozobenzene.
authors.affiliation: Gesellschaft für Strahlen- und Umweltforschung mbH München, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Freitag
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Scheunert
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D008044:Linuron / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D006540:Herbicides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D008044:Linuron; C030651:monolinuron