title: Guidelines in concentric mastopexy.
abstract: The scope and technique of concentric mastopexy remain unclear and controversial. In our hands, the procedure has application for mild nipple ptosis, glandular ptosis, and areola asymmetry, as well as the tuberous breast. Early disappointment has changed to increasing satisfaction as we have gained confidence in predicting our results based on the identification of three simple principles of concentric mastopexy. The first and most important, which states Doutside less than or equal to Doriginal + (Doriginal - Dinside), requires that the outer concentric circle must be drawn not to exceed the original areola diameter by more than the original areola diameter exceeds the inner concentric circle diameter. The second principle, Doutside less than or equal to 2 X Dinside, recommends that the outer circle diameter be drawn not to exceed twice that of the inner circle, to prevent poor scarring or over flattening of the breast. The third principle, Dfinal = 1/2(Doutside + Dinside), allows prediction of the final areola size as the average of the diameters of the inner and outer concentric circles. These three principles allow excision of a maximum amount of areola and periareola skin without the side effect of poor scars, dilated areola, or misshapened breasts. Applying these three principles to concentric mastopexy with or without augmentation mammaplasty, one may confidently correct a wide variety of deformities, producing more symmetrical, attractive breasts with areolae of a predictable size.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Spear
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kassan
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009558:Nipples; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods*