title: Effective dose equivalent to the operator in intra-oral dental radiography.
abstract: The effective dose equivalent to the operator in intra-oral dental radiography has been determined. The exposure from a bitewing radiograph and periapical views of the left maxillary incisors and first molar was measured at nine heights and 16 positions, all 1 m from the patient. The effective dose equivalent was determined using data from ICRP 51 (International Commission on Radiological Protection: Data for Use in Protection Against External Radiation). The values presented are related to an exposure of 1 C kg-1 (3876 R) measured free in air at the tube-end. They thus constitute ratios which are not influenced by the sensitivity of the film or other detector used and form standard tables which permit the calculation of the effective dose equivalent in clinical situations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Radiology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Aken
mesh_terms: D003797:Dental Staff; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D011874:Radiometry