title: Tuberculous hydrocephalus: comparison of different treatments with regard to ICP, ventricular size and clinical outcome.
abstract: The effect of different treatment regimes on intracranial pressure (ICP), degree of hydrocephalus and clinical outcome was evaluated in 81 children with tuberculous meningitis. 24 children underwent CSF shunting, while 57 with communicating hydrocephalus were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: antituberculous drugs only; or additional intrathecal hyaluronidase or oral acetazolamide and furosemide in addition to antituberculous treatment. The addition of acetazolamide and furosemide was significantly more effective in achieving normal ICP than antituberculous drugs alone. No difference was found in mortality or number of disabled survivors between groups. Of those surviving, nearly two-thirds with stage II tuberculous meningitis were mildly disabled and nearly one-half with stage III were severely disabled at follow-up, emphasising the need for early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in the young child.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch, Medical School, Republic of South Africa.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schoeman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Donald
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Zyl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keet
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wait
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects*; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005665:Furosemide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007223:Infant; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014390:Tuberculosis, Meningeal / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D005665:Furosemide; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; D000086:Acetazolamide