title: Establishment from a human chondrosarcoma of a new immortal cell line with high tumorigenicity in vivo, which is able to form proteoglycan-rich cartilage-like nodules and to respond to insulin in vitro.
abstract: The human chondrosarcoma cell line (HCS-2/8) established by our group expresses cartilage phenotypes such as production of cartilage-type proteoglycans and collagen type II, but its tumorigenicity is low. To develop an in vitro experimental system for studies of human chondrosarcomas, a new immortal cell line of human chondrosarcoma, named HCS-2/A, was established from the same tumor. HCS-2/A cells proliferated with a doubling time of 3 1/2 days in a medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS). This growth rate was comparable to that of HCS-2/8 cells. However, HCS-2/A cells proliferated more rapidly than HCS-2/8 cells in the presence of 2-10% FBS. Like HCS-2/8 cells, HCS-2/A cells had a polygonal shape in sparse cultures and became spherical as they reached confluence, after which they formed nodules composed of multilayered cells and a large quantity of extracellular matrix showing strong metachromasia. The nodules formed by HCS-2/A cells were thicker and also larger in diameter than those formed by HCS-2/8 cells. Electron microscopically, the cells in the nodules resembled chondrocytes in vivo, but each cell had an irregular-shaped nucleus which is a characteristics of tumor cells. The cells actively synthesized "cartilage-specific" large proteoglycans and their level of proteoglycan synthesis was comparable to that of HCS-2/8 cells. Insulin, which stimulates proteoglycan and DNA syntheses in cultured chondrocytes, markedly increased proteoglycan synthesis in HCS-2/A cells. On the other hand, the hormone only slightly increased proteoglycan synthesis in HCS-2/8 cells. Insulin also stimulated DNA synthesis in cultured HCS-2/A cells, but not in HCS-2/8 cells. Immunostaining revealed that HCS-2/A cells produced type-II collagen but not type-I collagen. However, the level of collagen synthesis of HCS-2/A cells was lower than that of HCS-2/8 cells. Inoculation of HCS-2/A cells into athymic mice resulted in the formation of chondrosarcomas that grew faster than those arising from HCS-2/8 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Faculty of Dentistry, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takigawa
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002356:Cartilage / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002999:Clone Cells; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism; D013462:Sulfur Radioisotopes; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D011509:Proteoglycans; D013431:Sulfates; D013462:Sulfur Radioisotopes; D003094:Collagen