title: Intellectual, academic, and adaptive functioning of Tourette syndrome children with and without attention deficit disorder.
abstract: The intellectual, academic, and adaptive strengths and weaknesses of 30, medication-free children (M = 10.5 years) with Tourette syndrome (TS) were assessed with a battery of standardized psychoeducational measures and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Results indicated significant relative weaknesses in mental and written arithmetic, and relative strengths in reading achievement and abstract, logical thinking. Socialization skills emerged as a significant weakness in adaptive functioning. Comparisons between TS children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD-H) (n = 19) weakness in both groups in all areas assessed, but significantly lower performance IQs in TS subjects with ADD-H. These findings are discussed in relation to future research with TS children.
authors.affiliation: Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 16510.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dykens
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leckman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riddle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hardin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D012951:Socialization; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*