title: Racemization and oxidation in adrenaline injections.
abstract: Adrenaline injection fluids aged between 3 and 33 years were analyzed with respect to oxidation and racemization. The oxidation was determined by ion-pair reversed phase HPLC, and the degree of racemization was determined by derivatization of the adrenaline isomers to diastereomeric forms and subsequently separated by reversed phase HPLC. 10% adrenaline was oxidized after about 11 years, while 10% L-adrenaline was converted to D-adrenaline after only 4 years. After about 4 years, the injections contained less than 90% active adrenaline.
authors.affiliation: Military Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Joint Medical Service, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fyllingen
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Langvik
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hasselgård
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Roksvaag
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007536:Isomerism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004837:Epinephrine