title: Botulinum A toxin injection in patients with blepharospasm, torticollis and hemifacial spasm.
abstract: Botulinum A toxin was injected into the affected muscles in 20 patients with blepharospasm, 8 with torticollis and 12 with hemifacial spasm. In all cases blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm was abolished or markedly reduced. The only side effect was transient ptosis and diplopia. Patients with torticollis had a mild to moderate improvement of the dystonic posture and pain; dysphagia was the most troublesome side effect. Botulinum A toxin is an effective therapy in patients with focal dystonia and spasms.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università La Sapienza, Roma.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berardelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stocchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Formica
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agnoli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manfredi
mesh_terms: D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005152:Facial Muscles; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013035:Spasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014103:Torticollis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins