title: Is the copper T 380A device associated with an increased risk of removal due to bleeding and/or pain? An analysis.
abstract: Previous studies have consistently shown that the family of the Copper T 380 devices is more effective in preventing accidental pregnancies than the inert, as well as most other, if not all, copper devices. However, a number of these studies also reported a higher removal rate due to bleeding and/or pain for the TCu 380A than for other devices. The programmatical importance of these findings prompted us to analyze the international multi-center randomized clinical trial datasets to examine this question on the new TCu 380A (ParaGard) recently marketed in the U.S. Our results, while confirming the inherent superior efficacy of the TCu 380A, did not reveal a significantly higher removal rate because of bleeding and/or pain among TCu 380A users than among users of the comparative devices, which included the Lippes Loop D, the TCu 200, the TCu 220 and the Multiload Cu 250 devices.
authors.affiliation: Family Health International; Research Triangle Park Branch; Durham, North Carolina 27709.
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Farr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alvarado
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bandaragoda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delgado Betancourt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper; D015993:Life Tables