title: Prostaglandin J2--anti-tumour and anti-viral activities and the mechanisms involved.
abstract: PGD2 undergoes dehydration in aqueous media to form PGJ2 and in the presence of albumin they convert to delta 12-PGJ2. Delta 12-PGJ2 is one of the ultimate metabolites of PGD2 in human body fluids and is excreted in urine, approximately 152 ng/24 h for males and 66 ng/24 h for females. Delta 12-PGJ2 and also PGA2 are actively incorporated into cells and transferred to the nuclei. Both PGs lead to cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and inhibit viral replication at non-toxic doses. Several genes including myc oncogene family expressions are suppressed and several specific proteins, mainly the heat-shock protein family, are induced prior to G1 arrest or to inhibition of viral replication. Thus cyclopentenone PGs, i.e., PGJ and A series containing a reactive alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl constitute a different PG category from other classical PGs. Recently other biological activities of delta 12-PGJ2 such as immunomodulation and stimulated osteogenesis have been found. The author reviews PGJ2 research and introduces several new aspects.
authors.affiliation: Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006801:Humans; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; C037112:9-deoxy-delta-9-prostaglandin D2; D015230:Prostaglandin D2