title: Human mesor-hypertensive chronorisk.
abstract: Twelve endocrine variables in blood from a small number of clinically healthy adult women were sampled systematically around the clock and the seasons. Pattern discrimination methods singled out certain hormone values in certain seasons as classifiers for a high vs low risk of developing diseases associated with a high blood pressure. Further evidence in support of such classifiers is obtained on data from adolescent, menstrually cycling young adults and post-menopausal women, here analyzed as pool of series, with the scope of the data from any one age group greatly extended by a resampling procedure, namely, by bootstrapping. This mathematical approach was carried out on data series around the clock and seasons on several hormones as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Classifier roles were strongly supported for plasma aldosterone and thyroid stimulating hormone, originally by an analysis of variance and, in the case of aldosterone, by circannual cosinor analysis and by numerical resampling. Circannual bootstrapping, a procedure recommended for broad routine use as a safeguard for hypothesis testing, was also done for plasma cortisol, dehydro-epi-androsterone sulfate and prolactin, variables for which (parametric) analyses of variance and cosinors did not reveal any difference between groups at high and low cardiovascular risk. In these instances, bootstrapping results are tentative and await further analyses. Results show the ability of circannual bootstrapping to detect outliers. Identification of classifiers provides cost-effective endocrine checks complementing the targeted automatic monitoring of blood pressure. Circannual indices for risk evaluation are, however, costly in several ways since it takes at least a year and quite a few samples to estimate them reliably. Accordingly, we also extended the scope of previous results by the application of an added procedure for circadian bootstrapping. With circadian as well as circannual bootstrapping, we here illustrate a major potential component of a system of chrono-engineering for health maintenance. This system should start with focus on the newborn. The results on adults here analyzed are likely to be more prominent in the neonate, to the extent that they are genetic in origin, yet amenable to modification by the extra-uterine environment.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering and Chronobiology Laboratories, E.T.S.I.T., University of Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hermida
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Halberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haus
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lakatua
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uezono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omae
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010507:Periodicity; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones