title: The determination of glycyrrhizin in selected UK liquorice products.
abstract: The glycyrrhizin contents of 42 samples of liquorice-containing confectionery, health products and raw materials have been determined by a standard (AOAC) HPLC technique. Confectionery levels ranged between 0.26 and 7.9 mg g-1, whilst contents in health products were 0.30-47.1 mg g-1, the highest values being measured for throat pearls. Six geographically diverse samples of liquorice root contained similar (22.2-32.3 mg g-1) glycyrrhizin contents. Highest levels of glycyrrhizin were found in liquorice block (44-98 mg g-1) and extract powder (79-113 mg g-1). These analyses enable a mean daily intake of glycyrrhizin to be calculated for the UK. The figure (1 mg) is lower than those reported for the US and Belgium (3 and 5 mg, respectively). The significance of the levels of glycyrrhizin in UK confectionery, and the estimated daily exposure thereto, is discussed in the context of existing data on liquorice-induced toxicity.
authors.affiliation: AFRC Institute of Food Research, Department of Molecular Science, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Spinks
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Fenwick
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002182:Candy / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006034:Glycyrrhetinic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006035:Glycyrrhiza; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid; D015394:Molecular Structure; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000032:analysis; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid; D006034:Glycyrrhetinic Acid