title: Nocturnal enuresis and minor neurological dysfunction at 12 years: a follow-up study.
abstract: On follow-up at 12 years to assess the relationship between minor neurological dysfunction (MND) and primary nocturnal enuresis (NE), the frequency of NE was found to be significantly higher in children with MND (N = 167) than in those who were neurologically normal (N = 174). There was no relationship between NE and sex in the MND group, nor with the neonatal neurological condition. Among MND children, those with NE more often had language comprehension and arithmetic problems and they required special help for behavioural problems more than did those without such problems. The relationship between NE and MND was affected by socio-economic class and family history. It is concluded that children with MND are more vulnerable to NE, particularly in the presence of lower social class and a positive family history.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Neurology, Groningen Perinatal Project, University Hospital, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lunsing
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hadders-Algra
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Touwen
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Huisjes
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004775:Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden