title: The effect of ozone exposure on the dispersion of inhaled aerosol boluses in healthy human subjects.
abstract: Acute exposure of humans to low levels of ozone are known to cause decreases in FVC and increases in SRaw. These alterations in lung function do not, however, elucidate the potential for acute small airway responses. In this study we employed a test of aerosol dispersion to examine the potential effects of ozone on small airways in humans. Twenty-two healthy nonsmoking male volunteers were exposed to 0.4 ppm ozone for 1 h while exercising at 20 L/min/m2 body surface area. Before and immediately after exposure, tests of spirometry (FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75) and plethysmography (Raw and SRaw) were performed. Subjects also performed an aerosol dispersion test before and after exposure. Each test involved a subject inhaling five to seven breaths of a 300-ml bolus of a 0.5 micron triphenyl phosphate aerosol injected into a 2-L tidal volume. The bolus was injected into the tidal breath at three different depths: at Depth A the bolus was injected after 1.6 L of clean air were inhaled from FRC, at Depth B after 1.2 L, and at Depth C after 1.2 L but with inhalation beginning from RV. The primary measure of bolus dispersion was the expired half-width (HW). Secondary measures were the ratio (expressed as percent) of peak exhaled aerosol concentration to peak inhaled concentration (PR), shift in the median bolus volume between inspiration and expiration (VS), and percent of total aerosol recovered (RC). Changes in pulmonary function after ozone exposure were consistent with previous findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Keefe
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: DeWitt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seal
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Strong
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Gerrity
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000388:Air; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008450:Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D010755:Organophosphates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010126:Ozone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010991:Plethysmography; D013147:Spirometry; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D010755:Organophosphates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010126:Ozone; C005445:triphenyl phosphate