title: When does a difference make a difference? MMPI scores and African-Americans.
abstract: The group difference MMPI literature relevant to African-Americans was reexamined for major methodological issues including the criteria used for ethnic/racial group membership and socieconomic status. These issues are of sufficient magnitude to question the traditional scientific methods used in MMPI research and the current interpretations of African-American MMPI profiles. This cultural variance can be identified in item content and consistent scale elevations for African-American samples. The magnitude of cultural variance has been found to vary across samples. Recent empirical data indicate that such variance may be appreciable and significant for African-Americans who are in process of realizing a distinct cultural identity as evidenced by racial consciousness and moderator variables.
authors.affiliation: University of Arkansas.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Dana
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Whatley
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008950:MMPI / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors