Identification and characterization of a nuclear factor that specifically binds to the Rev response element (RRE) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
The Rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) differentially transactivates the expression of viral structural proteins by allowing the accumulation of unspliced and singly spliced viral mRNA in the cytoplasm. The cis-acting RNA target sequence for the Rev protein, termed the Rev response element (RRE), is present in the env gene and is predicted to form a highly ordered RNA secondary structure. Recent data indicate that Rev directly binds to RRE and, further, that this binding can be mapped to a 90-nucleotide subfragment at the 5' end of RRE. We now report that RRE also binds specifically and predominantly to a nuclear factor of approximately 56 kD. Mapping of the binding site reveals that the same subfragment that binds Rev also binds this nuclear factor. We designate this protein as NFRRE for nuclear factor, RRE binding. Rev and NFRRE appear to bind simultaneously to RRE. NFRRE is widely distributed in various mammalian cells. We speculate that this factor plays an important role in Rev-mediated transactivation and is likely to be involved in the processing or transport of cellular mRNA.
Vaishnav
Y N
YN
Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
Vaishnav
M
M
Wong-Staal
F
F
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015694:Gene Products, rev / Q000502:physiology; D015752:Genes, env; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D010957:Plasmids; D051381:Rats; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
D015694:Gene Products, rev; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C069802:nuclear factor, RRE binding; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus