title: Determination of pholcodine and its metabolites in urine by capillary gas chromatography.
abstract: A sensitive and selective method for the determination of pholcodine and its metabolites in urine using capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen detection is described. The procedure includes enzymatic hydrolysis of urine by beta-glucuronidase and sample pretreatment on C2 solid-phase extraction columns. Validation of the method showed good sensitivity, precision and reproducibility. The method was useful for the study of pholcodine metabolism in man. Pholcodine was found to conjugate with glucuronic acid. Morphine was identified as a metabolite and another unidentified metabolite was also detected.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Christophersen
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003061:Codeine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000652:urine; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D009020:Morphine / Q000652:urine; D009025:Morpholines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D005965:Glucuronates; D009025:Morpholines; D009020:Morphine; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D005966:Glucuronidase; C008872:pholcodine; D003061:Codeine