Smoking and breast cancer risk in Denmark.
The effect of smoking on breast cancer risk was evaluated in a population-based case-control study, including 1,480 women diagnosed with breast cancer in Denmark between 1983-84. They were identified from the files of the nationwide clinical trial of the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group and the Danish Cancer Registry. The control group was an age-stratified sample of 1,332 women from the general population. Data on risk factors were collected by self-administered questionnaires. The risk of breast cancer among current smokers and ex-smokers was similar to that in non-smokers, both risk estimates being close to unity. No dose-response relation was observed for any measure of smoking (age at start, duration, number of cigarettes per day, or cigarette-years of exposure) in all subjects, and when pre- and post-menopausal women were examined separately. These findings suggest that smoking is not associated with the risk of breast cancer.
Ewertz
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Danish Cancer Registry, Copenhagen.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D004967:Estrogens