title: Comparative in vitro activity of several antimicrobial agents against selected clinical isolates.
abstract: A comparison between the in vitro activities of ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, piperacillin, gentamicin, tobramycin and netilmicin was performed on selected clinical isolates. The activity of the agents was assessed by means of minimum inhibitory concentration determinations, and time-kill studies. The third generation cephalosporins were active against all members of the Enterobacteriaceae excluding some Enterobacter species. Their activity against these bacteria was generally comparable and greater than that of piperacillin. Netilmicin was the most active of the aminoglycosides tested against members of the Enterobacteriaceae; however, aminoglycoside-resistant strains were encountered. Ceftazidime was the most active of the third generation cephalosporins against the non-fermenters (e.g. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp), its inhibitory activity also being greater than that of piperacillin. Using a time-kill study, ceftazidime also demonstrated greater bactericidal activity than piperacillin against an isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aminoglycoside demonstrating the greatest activity against the non-fermenters was tobramycin.
authors.affiliation: MRC Emergent Pathogen Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Liebowitz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chalkley
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Koornhof
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*; D007769:Lactams; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007769:Lactams