title: Effects of combinations of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and tumor necrosis factor on induction of differentiation of human myelogenous leukemic cell lines.
abstract: Effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), either alone or in combination with TNF, on the induction of differentiation of human myelogenous leukemic cell lines were examined. TGF-beta 1 alone induced differentiation of a human monocytic leukemia U-937 line into the cells with macrophage characteristics. When combined with TNF, TGF-beta 1 synergistically or additively induced differentiation associated properties. A human myeloblastic leukemia cell line, ML-1, differently responded to TGF-beta 1 in induction of differentiation. FcR activity and phagocytic activity induced by TNF were suppressed by TGF-beta 1. However, nitroblue tetrazolium reducing activity was synergistically induced by combinations of TGF-beta 1 and TNF. Scatchard analysis of TNF receptors indicated that the number of binding sites and dissociation constant of TNF for its receptors on U-937 or ML-1 cells were not changed by treatment with TGF-beta 1. Although IFN-gamma, IL-6, granulocyte CSF, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF-induced nitroblue tetrazolium reducing activity of U-937 cells, only IFN-gamma, and TNF induced it synergistically in combination with TGF-beta 1. Synergism between TGF-beta 1 and TNF was also observed in inhibition of growth of U-937 and ML-1 cells. Although TGF-beta 1 induction of differentiation of other monocytoid leukemic THP-1 cells was similar to that of U-937 cells, TGF-beta 1 only slightly induced differentiation of promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells, either alone or in combination with TNF. Our observations indicate that TGF-beta 1 strongly modulates differentiation and proliferation of human myelogenous leukemia cells, macrophage precursors.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kamijo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagumo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konno
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000473:pathology*; D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000378:metabolism; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011961:Receptors, Fc; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D004950:Esterases