title: Gastrointestinal complications of cytosine-arabinoside chemotherapy: findings on plain abdominal radiographs.
abstract: We analyzed the findings on plain abdominal radiographs in 24 patients who had adverse gastrointestinal reactions after chemotherapy with cytosine-arabinoside (Ara-C) for treatment of acute leukemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ara-C was given with vincristine, VP 16-213, daunorubicin, amsacrine, adriamycin, or corticosteroids in various combinations and dosages. The abnormalities noted on plain abdominal radiographs included paralytic ileus (73%), cecal distension (38%), pneumatosis intestinalis (27%), thickened loops of small bowel (19%), and pneumoperitoneum (8%). One patient had small-bowel ileus simulating an obstruction. In 23%, death was directly related to gastrointestinal complications. Bowel wall erosions, necrosis, and transmural or submucosal hemorrhage were the main findings at autopsy. This experience suggests that plain abdominal radiographs are useful in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal complications associated with chemotherapy with Ara-C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Tjon A Tham
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Vlasveld
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willemze
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002429:Cecal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007418:Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011006:Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011027:Pneumoperitoneum / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine