title: Bolus or slow titrated injection of midazolam prior to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy? Relative effect on oxygen saturation and prophylactic value of supplemental oxygen.
abstract: A total of 131 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were sedated with midazolam given as a bolus injection over 5 seconds. The oxygen saturation was continuously measured using a pulse oximeter. Supplemental oxygen was given via nasal cannulae at a rate of 3 litres per minute to 54 patients, while the remaining 77 patients only received oxygen if their oxygen saturation dropped below 85%. Both groups in the present series were compared with 3 previously published series of patients, in whom we had used intravenous midazolam as a slow titrated injection. Despite using on average only two-thirds of the dose of midazolam, following bolus injection the degree of oxygen desaturation during the endoscopic procedure was greater, and the ability of supplemental oxygen delivered via nasal cannulae to prevent hypoxia was less (P less than 0.01), than with a slow titrated injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Ipswich Hospital, Suffolk, UK.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Antrobus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Coady
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D011292:Premedication
chemical_list: D008874:Midazolam