title: Inconsistencies in the drug use process.
abstract: Rational drug therapy has historically been viewed as the right drug, in the right dose, at the right time, for the right patient. Today, the emphasis on cost containment has added an extra dimension: cost-effective therapeutic regimens. Most stages of the DUP have not been extensively studied. Evidence presented to date reflects duplication of efforts and suboptimal decisions, with little concerted effort to identify means for improvements that may have a favorable impact on cost and patient outcome. The increasing use of drugs as the primary mode to treat diseases, the reduction in the number of hospital employees at a time increased severity of patient illness, the nursing shortage, and the increasing cost and complexity of drugs, along with the inconsistencies that exist in drug use, demonstrate a need for a complete review of the DUP. The DUP, as it currently operates, is not conducive to the provision of a systematic approach to therapy. The stages in this process are often independent of each other and poorly performed by a variety of health professionals. The subsequent development of strategies for improving the chance for optimal drug therapy through the use of pharmacists as drug therapy experts is needed. The pharmacy profession is in a prime position where expanded patient care services and supervision of the entire DUP may actually decrease the total cost of health care. This expansion represents the key to increasing acceptance of pharmacists' clinical role and for ensuring long-term survival of the profession.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Hatoum
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000639:trends; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004363:Drug Utilization; D014481:United States