Determination of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts in white blood cell DNA from coke-oven workers: the impact of smoking.
We have undertaken a study among coke-oven workers to test the feasibility of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with anti-trans-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-benzo[a]pyrene- DNA antibodies for monitoring occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Coke-oven workers are occupationally exposed to relatively high levels of PAH and are at increased risk for lung cancer. Three blood samples were collected from each of the 56 coke-oven workers exposed to PAH and 44 unexposed workers employed in a steel-rolling factory of the same plant. In addition, PAH levels were measured in ambient air by personal sampling, and the excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine was also measured on 3 consecutive working days. All participants were interviewed regarding working conditions, personal hygiene, and smoking habits. The results showed that the coke-oven workers were exposed to substantial concentrations of atmospheric PAH (1-186 micrograms/m3), including benzo[a]pyrene (0.1-7.8 micrograms/m3) and pyrene (0.6-23.6 micrograms/m3). Both benzo[a]pyrene and pyrene were shown to be representative for the whole group of PAH. Forty-seven percent of the coke-oven workers had detectable levels of PAH-DNA adducts in their white blood cells, compared with 30% of the controls. In both groups, smokers had significantly higher levels of PAH-DNA adducts than did nonsmokers. At one site, we found the correlation positive between DNA adducts and the duration of exposure (r = .47, P = .005). Generally, the correlation was not significant between PAH-DNA adducts in blood and the concentration of PAH in the air and 1-hydroxypyrene in urine.
van Schooten
F J
FJ
Division of Chemical Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam.
van Leeuwen
F E
FE
Hillebrand
M J
MJ
de Rijke
M E
ME
Hart
A A
AA
van Veen
H G
HG
Oosterink
S
S
Kriek
E
E
D015123:7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D003031:Coal; D003077:Coke; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D004101:Dihydroxydihydrobenzopyrenes / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009153:Mutagens / Q000652:urine; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D003031:Coal; D003077:Coke; D004101:Dihydroxydihydrobenzopyrenes; D009153:Mutagens; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D011721:Pyrenes; D015123:7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide; D004247:DNA; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene