title: Reduction of thyrotropin-releasing hormone concentrations in central nervous system of African lungfish during estivation.
abstract: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been implicated as an important modulator of arousal state in mammals. Changes in the content of TRH in several brain regions accompany hibernation in the ground squirrel. In the present study, the involvement of TRH in the regulation of arousal was further investigated in the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens, which contain high concentrations of TRH throughout its central nervous system and enter a hibernation-like state, estivation. Lungfish were divided into three groups. Group 1 was fed normally, group 2 was starved while aquatic, and group 3 was allowed to enter into a state of estivation. After 3 months, the lungfish were sacrificed and the concentrations of TRH, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin were determined in the telencephalon, diencephalon, medulla, and spinal cord. In estivation, there was a significant decline in the concentration of TRH in the diencephalon, with no alteration in other regions. Starvation had no effect on regional TRH concentrations. The concentration of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin did not change in estivation; however, a significant elevation of norepinephrine in the diencephalon and dopamine in the telencephalon was observed in starvation. Starvation and estivation were associated with significant declines in the protein content of the diencephalon and medulla. The estivation-linked decline in TRH in the diencephalon of the lungfish is similar to the decrease in TRH content in the hypothalamus in hibernating ground squirrels. These findings lend further support to the importance of TRH in the regulation of arousal state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kreider
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winokur
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Pack
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Fishman
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004956:Estivation / Q000502:physiology*; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D013217:Starvation / Q000378:metabolism; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine