title: Equivalent antihypertensive effects of combination therapy using diuretic + calcium antagonist compared with diuretic + ACE inhibitor.
abstract: To test the hypothesis that the combination of a calcium antagonist and diuretic is less effective in lowering BP than the combination of ACE inhibitor plus diuretic, we compared two groups of patients. The first was a group of 157 consecutive patients (32% male, 90% black, aged 57 +/- 1 years) in whom the only change in therapy was the addition or deletion of either a calcium antagonist or diuretic. Each patient served as his/her own control, with a follow-up time of 41 +/- 4 days. The BP responses of this group were compared with those of another group of 170 consecutive patients (33% male, 85% black, aged 55 +/- 1 years), who had had the addition or deletion of an ACE inhibitor or diuretic some 32 +/- 2 days previously. As there were no statistically significant differences either between drugs within the classes or between the addition or deletion of a drug, the BP results were pooled. Combination therapy with calcium antagonist + diuretic was associated with a 13.4 +/- 1.7/5.4 +/- 0.9 mmHg drop in supine BP; the ACE inhibitor + diuretic combination lowered supine BP by 12.3 +/- 1.6/8.0 +/- 0.9 mmHg compared with monotherapy (all P less than 0.001 by paired t-test). The effects on standing BP were similar: calcium antagonist + diuretic, 13.2 +/- 1.9/5.6 +/- 0.9 mmHg; and ACE inhibitor + diuretic, 12.3 +/- 1.5/7.0 +/- 0.9 mmHg (all P less than 0.001). There were no significant differences in BP responses between the calcium antagonist + diuretic and ACE inhibitor + diuretic combinations. These data indicate that, regardless of the order of addition or subtraction, the combination of calcium antagonist + diuretic was more effective in lowering BP than either agent used alone, and that the combination of calcium antagonist + diuretic was as effective as the ACE inhibitor + diuretic combination.
authors.affiliation: Committee on Clinical Pharmacology, University of Chicago, IL 60637.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Polascik
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004232:Diuretics