title: Hydroxychloroquine in decompensated, treatment-refractory noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A new job for an old drug?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness and safety of hydroxychloroquine in patients with decompensated, treatment-refractory noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, placebo, double-blind 6-month trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes resistant to commonly used therapies (oral drugs, insulin, combination of insulin and oral drugs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two study groups: one received insulin (n = 22) and the other, glibenclamide (n = 16). In each group, half of the patients were randomly allocated into two subgroups who continued the previous treatment but took either placebo tablets or hydroxychloroquine, 200 mg three times a day. The four subgroups were as follows: insulin and placebo (n = 11); insulin and hydroxychloroquine (n = 11); glibenclamide and placebo (n = 8); and glibenclamide and hydroxychloroquine (n = 8).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6 months, relevant and statistically significant improvement occurred in the 11 patients who received the insulin and hydroxychloroquine (glucose profile decrease, -11.7 mmol/L; 95% CI, -13.9 to -9.5, P = 0.001; glycated hemoglobin A1c decrease, -3.3%; 95% CI, -3.9 to -2.7, P = 0.001). No significant changes were seen in patients on placebo. The daily insulin dose in patients treated with the combined insulin and hydroxychloroquine therapy had to be reduced an average of 30%. No important side effects were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining antidiabetic therapy with hydroxychloroquine in decompensated, treatment-refractory patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes may help to break the vicious circle of hyperglycemia and lead to better management of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Casa di Cura S. Rita, Taranto, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quatraro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Consoli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magno
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caretta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nardozza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ceriello
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giugliano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine; D005905:Glyburide