title: Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of macrophage-specific colony stimulating factor gene expression by tumor necrosis factor. Involvement of arachidonic acid metabolites.
abstract: The effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on the regulation of macrophage-specific colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) gene expression have been studied in HL-60 cells during monocytic differentiation. CSF-1 transcripts were undetectable in uninduced HL-60 cells, reached maximal levels by 3 h of exposure to TNF, and returned to that of control cells by 24 h. Transcriptional run-on analysis demonstrated that exposure to TNF stimulated the rate of CSF-1 gene transcription by 6.4-fold. The combination of a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, and TNF increased levels of CSF-1 mRNA compared with treatment by TNF alone. We also studied the signal transduction mechanisms responsible for regulating TNF-induced CSF-1 mRNA levels. Both 4-bromophenacyl bromide and quinacrine, inhibitors of phospholipase A2 activity, blocked TNF-induced increases in CSF-1 transcripts in a concentration-dependent manner, while caffeic acid and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, inhibitors of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, had no detectable effect on induction of CSF-1 RNA. PGE2 or dibutyryl cAMP treatment of HL-60 cells in the presence of TNF blocked the expression of CSF-1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the increase in CSF-1 RNA observed during TNF treatment is regulated, at least in part, by both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms, and that PGE2 and cAMP regulate transcriptional activation of the CSF-1 gene by TNF.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kufe
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000378:metabolism; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003513:Cycloheximide; D015232:Dinoprostone; C006821:4-bromophenacyl bromide