title: Cellular NAD+ and ATP levels in alkylation-induced cytotoxicity enhanced by an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis.
abstract: Alkylating agents cause a marked depletion of cellular NAD+ levels by activating nuclear ADP-ribosyl transferase (ADPRT), which utilizes NAD+ as a substrate in the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose). As a consequence of NAD+ depletion, it is possible that cellular ATP pools could be depleted. Because of this, exogenously supplied NAD+ had been proposed as a way to counteract some of the effects of an alkylator. We found that exogenously supplied NAD+ significantly increased intracellular levels of NAD+ in MMS- and MNNG-treated V79 Chinese hamster cells. Cytotoxicity was not changed by the exogenously supplied NAD+, however. 3-Aminobenzamide (3-ABA), an ADPRT inhibitor, prevented the depletion of intracellular NAD+ by MMS or MNNG treatment and potentiated cytotoxicity. As was the case without 3-ABA, exogenously supplied NAD+ plus 3-ABA did not change the cytotoxicity, even though NAD+ levels were increased. Intracellular ATP levels were also measured and were found to be unaffected following MMS treatment, and only slightly depleted following MNNG treatment. Exogenously supplied NAD+ raised these levels above those for their respective controls. Because survival was unaffected by elevated levels of NAD+ and ATP, our results suggest that depletion of cellular NAD+ pools following MMS and MNNG treatment is not a critical factor in determining cytotoxicity for these V79 cells. The energy reserves of V79 cells, at doses of MMS or MNNG which kill 99% of the cells, are apparently adequate to maintain normal levels of ATP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ben-Hur
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Elkind
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate / Q000633:toxicity; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine / Q000633:toxicity; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009702:Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D009702:Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D009243:NAD; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; C025160:3-aminobenzamide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate