title: Administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide elicits circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha in neonatal calves.
abstract: The presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) during endotoxemia in ruminants has not been reported previously. In this study, we detected the in vivo release of bovine TNF-alpha by using WEHI-164 murine fibrosarcoma cells as targets in an 18-h cytotoxicity assay. Treatment of the WEHI-164 cells with 1 microgram of actinomycin D (dactinomycin) enhanced approximately twofold the susceptibility of the cells to TNF-alpha activity. TNF-alpha activity in sera from neonatal calves injected intravenously with 2.7 micrograms of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased rapidly within the first 2 h postinjection and then declined until it was undetectable by 4 h postinjection. Sera taken before LPS administration had no TNF-alpha activity. LPS (10 micrograms/ml) and fetal, newborn, and pooled adult bovine sera alone and in combination had no direct cytotoxic effects on WEHI-164 cells. TNF-alpha cytotoxic activity is probably not due to the presence of interleukin-1 (IL-1), alpha interferon, or gamma interferon in the sera since recombinant human IL-1, natural bovine IL-1, and recombinant bovine alpha and gamma interferons had no direct cytotoxic effects on WEHI-164 cells. A monoclonal antibody that neutralizes recombinant human TNF-alpha significantly reduced the cytotoxic activity of sera from LPS-injected calves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Semrad
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Czuprynski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002417:Cattle; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D014115:Toxemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D007370:Interferon Type I; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma