title: Simultaneous production of interleukin 2, interleukin 4 and interferon-gamma by activated human blood lymphocytes.
abstract: The production of interleukin 2 (IL 2), IL 4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by in vitro activated unselected human blood mononuclear cells was studied at a single-cell level. Individual lymphokine-synthesizing cells were identified by intracellular immunofluorescent staining using cytokine-specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. Cultures from adult blood donors revealed a biphasic kinetic production pattern for IL 2 and IFN-gamma with peaks occurring 4-6 and 24-30 h after initiation of the cultures. Approximately 20%-40% of the lymphocytes produced IL 2 and IFN-gamma. In contrast, only 1%-3% of the lymphocytes synthesized IL 4 with maximal frequency after 6 h of culture. CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells contributed to the synthesis of all three lymphokines studied. CD4+CD45R- T cells were the major producers of IL 2 and IL 4, while CD8+CD45R- T cells were the most common phenotype of IFN-gamma-synthesizing cells. By performing two-color immunofluorescence studies we observed that among IL 4-producing cells every second one made simultaneously IL 2 and every fourth one made IFN-gamma. Mononuclear cells from umbilical cord blood could be stimulated to make IL 2 to the same extent as cells from adult blood donors. No IL 4 production and a strikingly reduced frequency of IFN-gamma producers were noted in cell cultures from neonates. IL 2, IL 4 and IFN-gamma accumulated in the Golgi system, which resulted in a characteristic morphology of the staining, eliminating problems with evaluation of background signals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindfors
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Heusser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010641:Phenotype; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015847:Interleukin-4; D015759:Ionomycin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate