title: In vitro transformation of BALB/c 3T3 cells by 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane.
abstract: 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-TTCE) was shown to be capable of inducing in vitro transformation of BALB/c 3T3 cells (clone A-31) either in the presence or in the absence of S9 activating system using an amplification-transformation (level-II) assay by reseeding confluent cells from each treatment and allowing additional rounds of cell replication. In the absence of metabolic activation, the highest assayed dose (1000 micrograms/ml), exerting the highest toxicity, was the only transforming dose. Lower doses of 1,1,2,2-TTCE were capable of transforming BALB/c cells in the presence of S9 activating system, the dose of 500 micrograms/ml exerting the highest transforming activity. The number and size of transformed foci recognized in the level-II plates were a function of the number of cells reseeded in the amplification assay. Foci obtained in the presence of S9 activating systems were larger in size, more deeply basophilic, and exhibited denser multilayering of constituent cells than foci recognized in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (IST-Genova), Università di Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colacci
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perocco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaccari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazzullo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parodi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taningher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grilli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004980:Ethane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; C015530:1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane; D004247:DNA; D004980:Ethane