title: Cure of murine leishmaniasis with anti-interleukin 4 monoclonal antibody. Evidence for a T cell-dependent, interferon gamma-independent mechanism.
abstract: BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major develop fatal, progressive disease, despite an immune response characterized by expansion of CD4+ T cells in the draining lymph nodes. The immune response has been further characterized by a lack of IFN-gamma mRNA, but increased IL-4 mRNA in lymphoid tissues, and striking elevation of serum IgE. Treatment of infected BALB/c mice with rIFN-gamma at doses shown to be beneficial in other protozoan infections was insufficient to ameliorate L. major infection. In contrast, neutralization of IL-4 by six weekly injections of mAb 11B11 led to attenuation of disease in 100% of animals, and complete cure in 85%. Resolution of disease required the presence of T cells, and recovered mice remained resistant to reinfection at 12 wk. This immunity was adoptively transferable and was dependent on both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Although administration of anti-IL-4 was associated with fourfold increase in IFN-gamma mRNA in lymph node cells draining the lesion, the coadministration of neutralizing R4 6A2 anti-IFN-gamma mAb had no effect on resistance to disease. This was in marked contrast to resolution of disease in both resistant C57BL/6- and GK1.5-pretreated BALB/c mice that was abrogated by in vivo treatment with anti-IFN-gamma. These data suggest a novel mechanism of cellular immunity established by interference with the development of Th2 cells during infection.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, Department of Medicine 94143.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sadick
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Heinzel
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Holaday
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Dawkins
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Locksley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D005260:Female; D006825:Hybridomas / Q000276:immunology; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology*; D007895:Leishmania tropica / Q000276:immunology; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma