title: Sequence homologies, N sequence insertion and JH gene utilization in VHDJH joining: implications for the joining mechanism and the ontogenetic timing of Ly1 B cell and B-CLL progenitor generation.
abstract: Sequence analysis of rearranged VHDJH genes of B lineage cells from various stages of ontogeny indicates that short sequence homologies at the breakpoints of recombination contribute to V region gene assembly. Such homologies are regularly seen at DJH junctions of neonatal pre-B cells, most of which do not contain N sequences. In the same cells, but not at later developmental stages, preferential usage of the JH1 element is observed. After birth, N sequence insertion increases with time and is always more prominent at the VHD border than the DJH border. In pre-B cells from adult animals and in mature B cells, in cases where N sequences were not detectable, sequence homologies at the DJH border were found in only half of the instances. This lower incidence could be due to N sequence addition to one of the recombining DNA ends and/or cellular selection. Inspection of VHDJH junctions for N sequence insertion, sequence homologies at the DJH border and JH1 usage allows the estimation of the timepoint in ontogeny at which particular B cell subsets are seeded into the immune system. Specifically, the present data show that the cells of the Ly1 B cell subset are generated not only neonatally but also beyond the first weeks of life. However, the DJH junctions of the progenitors of chronic B cell leukemias which originate from the same B cell subset resemble those of neonatal pre-B cells, suggesting that these cells have already undergone a transforming event at this early developmental stage.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Köln, FRG.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Förster
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajewsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000950:Antigens, Ly / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D005784:Gene Amplification; D015723:Gene Library; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D000950:Antigens, Ly; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes