title: Measuring costs and financial benefits in randomized controlled trials.
abstract: Economic assessment can be incorporated into clinical trials to evaluate and compare the costs and benefits of different health care programs. In this article the three main types of evaluation are discussed: cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, and cost-benefit analysis. The measurement of direct and indirect costs is described and specific examples are quoted. Full economic analyses are given for the use of naftidrofuryl in the treatment of acute cerebral hemisphere infarction and the use of auranofin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Economic evaluation is seen to be justified whenever a more expensive treatment is expected to produce greater benefit. Such analyses should consider quality of life and health status, as well as the more easily identifiable outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bulpitt
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D001310:Auranofin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000379:methods; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D009257:Nafronyl / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D001310:Auranofin; D009257:Nafronyl