title: Roxithromycin penetration into gingiva and alveolar bone of odontoiatric patients.
abstract: The concentrations of the new macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin in plasma, saliva, gingiva, and alveolar bone were studied in 24 odontoiatric patients treated with a first dose of 300 mg p.o. followed by three maintenance doses of 150 mg p.o., 12-hourly. Samples of blood, saliva, gingiva, and bone were collected at various time points up to 24 h after the last dosing, and the roxithromycin concentration was measured microbiologically, using Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as the reference organism. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed according to a two-compartment open model with first-order absorption. The plasma, gingiva, and alveolar bone peak concentrations were 6.12 +/- 1.94 mg/l, 6.55 +/- 2.54 mg/kg, and 5.09 +/- 1.60 mg/kg, respectively. Low levels of roxithromycin were detected in saliva (0.67 +/- 0.12 mg/l at the 3rd h). The values of the area under the concentration-time curve for plasma, gingiva, and bone were 59.47 mg/l.h, 51.88 mg/kg.h and 46.80 mg/kg.h, respectively; the half-life values were 7.52 h for plasma and 6.36 and 5.20 h for gingiva and bone, respectively. These results indicate that roxithromycin reaches high levels in periodontal tissues.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Pharmacology, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Tacca
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Danesi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bernardini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ducci
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zolfino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senesi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Panattoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabriele
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcucci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazzarini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015575:Roxithromycin / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015575:Roxithromycin