title: [Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative tests for proteinuria and glucosuria as screening tests for cadmium-induced renal tubular dysfunction].
abstract: To evaluate the screening tests for cadmium-induced renal tubular dysfunction, qualitative and quantitative tests for urinary protein and glucose have been done in 146 urine samples obtained from subjects who had lived in the cadmium-polluted Jinzu River basin in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. The subjects consisted of 66 men and 80 women aged 55 to 71 years with beta 2-microglobulinuria exceeding 1,000 micrograms/g creatinine. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1) The positive reaction (above 1+) for protein by the dipstick method was seen in 19.7% of men and 20.0% of women, and for glucose using Tes-tape in 48.5% of men and 33.8% of women. 2) The geometric means of protein and glucose concentrations in urine were 16.4 mg/dl and 12.7 mg/dl in men, and 14.2 mg/dl and 6.8 mg/dl in women, respectively. 3) The criteria of the primary screening in the health survey system for the residents in cadmium-contaminated areas conducted by the Japan Environment Agency were a proteinuria level exceeding 10 mg/dl and a glucosuria above (+/-) with Tes-tape. Nearly all subjects with urinary beta 2-microglobulin exceeding 30 mg/g creatinine were screened by these criteria in both sexes, whereas only 52.9% of men and 30.0% of women who had urinary beta 2-microglobulin between 10 to 30 mg/g creatinine could be screened in this manner. These results indicate that semiquantitative tests are insufficient as initial tests for screening cadmium-induced renal tubular dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Faculty of Medicine.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoshima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Teranishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasuya
mesh_terms: D002105:Cadmium Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006029:Glycosuria; D006801:Humans; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D011507:Proteinuria