title: A cell culture model for T lymphocyte clonal anergy.
abstract: T lymphocytes respond to foreign antigens both by producing protein effector molecules known as lymphokines and by multiplying. Complete activation requires two signaling events, one through the antigen-specific receptor and one through the receptor for a costimulatory molecule. In the absence of the latter signal, the T cell makes only a partial response and, more importantly, enters an unresponsive state known as clonal anergy in which the T cell is incapable of producing its own growth hormone, interleukin-2, on restimulation. Our current understanding at the molecular level of this modulatory process and its relevance to T cell tolerance are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015329:Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell