title: Xenopus oocyte K+ current. I. FSH and adenosine stimulate follicle cell-dependent currents.
abstract: Ovarian follicles of Xenopus laevis frogs consist of a single large oocyte surrounded by follicle cells attached to the oocyte by gap junctions. Adenosine has been found to activate an outward K+ current in follicles. This response is reduced by microinjection of protein kinase inhibitor (PKI), suggesting that adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) mediates the response. To investigate this further, we verified previous studies that indicate that several methods of elevating cAMP in follicles activate hyperpolarizing outward currents. The potency of two adenosine analogues to hyperpolarize follicles, 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) greater than cyclopentyladenosine, is indicative of A2 receptors that are characteristically coupled to adenylyl cyclase. We also report for the first time that another stimulator of adenylyl cyclase, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), also induces a hyperpolarizing current in follicles which is carried by K+ and attenuated by injection of PKI. We used a novel procedure to completely remove follicle cells from oocytes. Intact follicles, but not oocytes completely stripped of follicle cells, hyperpolarized in response to FSH, NECA, dibutyryl cAMP, microinjected cAMP, and forskolin, but not to dideoxyforskolin (which does not activate adenylyl cyclase). Injection of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (which is too large to traverse gap junctions) into oocytes of intact follicles failed to activate a K+ current. These data suggest that FSH and adenosine hyperpolarize follicles by stimulating adenylyl cyclase and that cAMP-dependent protein kinase must be activated on both sides of follicle cell-oocyte gap junctions to elicit a hyperpolarizing K+ current.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Greenfield
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linden
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019830:Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide); D000818:Animals; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000502:physiology*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels; D014970:Xanthines; C056346:BW A1433; D019830:Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide); D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D000241:Adenosine