title: Granulosa cells as a source and target organ for tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), a 17 kDa cytokine, is a product of activated macrophages which was recently shown to be produced by rat and bovine granulosa cells. In the present work, human granulosa cells derived from preovulatory follicles were used. It was demonstrated that human granulosa cells produce TNF-alpha (5-10 units/300,000 cells per 15 h). This production was increased by addition of follicle-stimulating hormone or by a combination of human chorionic gonadotrophin and CSF to the culture media. TNF was also found in bovine follicular fluid and the concentration was higher in the periovulatory than mid-cycle follicles. TNF-alpha was found to increase prostaglandin F-2 alpha production by human granulosa cells (P less than 0.001). We conclude that granulosa cells are both a source and target organ for TNF-alpha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheva Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zolti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meirom
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shemesh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wollach
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mashiach
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shore
authors.forename: Z B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Rafael
mesh_terms: D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D015237:Dinoprost