Interactions of saturated, n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to modulate arachidonic acid metabolism.
Anti-thrombotic effects of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids are believed to be due to their ability to reduce arachidonic acid levels. Therefore, weanling rats were fed n-3 acids in the form of linseed oil (18:3n-3) or fish oil (containing 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) in diets containing high levels of either saturated fatty acids (hydrogenated beef tallow) or high levels of linoleic acid (safflower oil) for 4 weeks. The effect of diet on the rate-limiting enzyme of arachidonic acid biosynthesis (delta 6-desaturase) and on the lipid composition of hepatic microsomal membrane was determined. Both linseed oil- or fish oil-containing diets inhibited conversion of linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid. Inhibition was greater with fish oil than with linseed oil, only when fed with saturated fat. delta 6-Desaturase activity was not affected when n-3 fatty acids were fed with high levels of n-6 fatty acids. Arachidonic acid content of serum lipids and hepatic microsomal phospholipids was lower when n-3 fatty acids were fed in combination with beef tallow but not when fed with safflower oil. Similarly, n-3 fatty acids (18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3) accumulated to a greater extent when n-3 fatty acids were fed with beef tallow than with safflower oil. These observations indicate that the efficacy of n-3 fatty acids in reducing arachidonic acid level is dependent on the linoleic acid to saturated fatty acid ratio of the diet consumed.
Garg
M L
ML
Nutrition and Metabolism Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Thomson
A B
AB
Clandinin
M T
MT
D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D050602:Linoleoyl-CoA Desaturase; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; D050602:Linoleoyl-CoA Desaturase