title: Emergence and persistence of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in the upper respiratory tract in children treated with beta-lactam antibiotics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the ecologic impact, in terms of selection of beta-lactamase-producing respiratory tract bacteria, of a single course of peroral beta-lactam antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred fifty consecutive children with clinical signs of bacterial respiratory tract infection were randomly assigned to a seven-day course of treatment with either penicillin V, amoxicillin, or cefaclor. Bacteriologic specimens were collected before treatment, at its termination, and at follow-up four weeks later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three drugs investigated caused a similar increase in beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, both in absolute and relative terms, an increase that persisted over a period of at least one month after completion of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Penicillin V, amoxicillin, and cefaclor all act as selective agents for beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in the upper respiratory tract. Treatment with a peroral beta-lactam antibiotic puts patients at risk of becoming persistent carriers of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eliasson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mölstad
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kamme
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D002433:Cefaclor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010404:Penicillin V / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002433:Cefaclor; D000658:Amoxicillin; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D010404:Penicillin V