title: Antibiotic therapy of catheter infections in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition.
abstract: Fifty-eight episodes of catheter-related sepsis in 21 patients receiving home parenteral nutrition were retrospectively studied. Of 81 organisms isolated from the blood, 59% were Gram-positive cocci, 25% were Gram-negative bacilli, and 16% were yeast. Attempts to treat bacterial infections at home with antibiotic therapy while the catheter remained in place were made; fungal isolation resulted in immediate hospitalization and catheter removal. Gram-negative infections more often resulted in eventual hospitalization (92%) and catheter removal (50%) than Gram-positive infections (57% hospitalization and 23% catheter removal). Empiric therapy with 1 g of cefazolin intravenously every 12 hr was successful in only 33% of episodes caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, whereas vancomycin was successful in 62%. Sensitivity testing was not a reliable guide for antibiotic choice for treatment of these infections. Cefazolin, 1 g, intravenously every 12 hr was successful in only 25% of Gram-negative episodes treated empirically with this regimen. We conclude that our home parenteral nutrition patients should be hospitalized for a few days upon presentation with a catheter infection for clinical evaluation and aggressive antibiotic therapy. Vancomycin is the preferred drug for treatment of catheter-related infections caused by coagulase-negative staphylococcus.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Support Service, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Graziani
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Muscari
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mullen
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006701:Home Nursing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014640:Vancomycin; D002437:Cefazolin