title: Different pathways mediate virus inducibility of the human IFN-alpha 1 and IFN-beta genes.
abstract: Multimerization of GAAANN generates sequences frequent in virus-inducible promoters. We distinguished different types of (GAAANN)4 sequences mediating virus inducibility. Type I (NN = GT, GC, CT, or CC) responds to IFNs and to IRF-1 and causes silencing. Type II (NN = TG) and type III (NN = CG) neither silence nor respond to IRF-1 or IFN. Type III mediates constitutive transcription and binds the constitutive IEFga factor, whereas type II binds the novel "TG protein". IFN-beta and IFN-alpha 1 promoters contain different response elements: The former has a type I-like sequence (PRDI) and an NF-kappa B-binding sequence (PRDII); the latter has a type II-like "TG sequence" and possibly additional elements but does not bind NF-kappa B. Type I, type II, and NF-kappa B elements represent three distinct terminal pathways mediating virus induction.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Molekularbiologie I, Universität Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuhl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Näf
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallant
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goswamy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hug
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Büeler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Fuente
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruffner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weissman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005796:Genes; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000235:genetics*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007739:L Cells; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000235:genetics*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D007371:Interferon-gamma