title: The effects of physical exercise training and cardiac education on levels of anxiety and depression in the rehabilitation of coronary artery bypass graft patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate whether an exercise and education-based rehabilitation programme is sufficient treatment for individuals with clinically significant levels of anxiety or depression following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  follow-up and repeated assessment after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  all 88 attenders after CABG surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  structured interview and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale (using 8 as the cut-off) administered by rehabilitation nurses at start of course and HAD repeated at 12 weeks and 6 and 12 months (by post after discharge).
  
  
  RESULTS
  return rates of 76 and 80% at 6- and 12-month assessments, respectively; statistically significant reductions in levels of anxiety and depression found between first and all subsequent assessments; subdividing into groups revealed significant reduction in anxiety and depression in the anxious and depressed groups at 12 weeks and 6 months, respectively, but at 12 months there was no significant reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  there is a need to address the problems of anxiety and depression directly by screening and treatment, and to provide more psychologically-orientated cardiac rehabilitation programmes.
authors.affiliation: Astley Ainslie Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Whitecross
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pacey
mesh_terms: D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000592:standards*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013997:Time Factors