title: Noradrenergic modulation of the masseteric reflex in behaving cats. II. Physiological studies.
abstract: Studies in the preceding paper demonstrated that the amplitude of the masseteric reflex in behaving cats is augmented by pharmacological manipulations that increase norepinephrine (NE) tone in the motor trigeminal nucleus (MoV) through exogenous means. The present studies examine whether such a relationship also exists under physiological conditions, i.e., whether physiological increases in NE synaptic activity are correlated with increases in the reflex amplitude. The masseteric reflex was elicited in behaving cats by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MesV) and the response recorded via electrodes permanently placed in the masseter muscle. Following baseline measures of the reflex amplitude, the reflex was gain elicited while cats were exposed to various environmental stimuli known to activate NE neurons: 15 min of 100-dB white noise, confrontation with a dog, or auditory clicks presented repetitively at various intervals prior to MesV stimulation. Presentation of the white noise or the dog significantly facilitated the reflex response for the duration of the exposure. The clicks produced reflex facilitation at 100 and 150 msec following their presentation and reflex suppression at 20 msec. Two approaches were then employed to determine whether NE mediated, at least in part, augmentation of the reflex produced by these environmental conditions. In the first, cats were given either the alpha-1-noradrenergic antagonist prazosin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or the serotonin antagonist methysergide (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.). In all cases, prazosin blocked the reflex augmentation whereas methysergide was without effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544.
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002415:Cats; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D003714:Denervation; D004285:Dogs; D004777:Environment; D006892:Hydroxydopamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007267:Injections; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000502:physiology*; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016627:Oxidopamine; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014278:Trigeminal Nuclei
chemical_list: D006892:Hydroxydopamines; D012701:Serotonin; D016627:Oxidopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine