title: Predicted normocapnea in infants and children using the Bain circuit with controlled ventilation.
abstract: We have constructed a nomogram for fresh gas flow (VFG) and minute ventilation (VE) for paediatric anaesthesia during controlled ventilation using the Bain coaxial Mapleson D circuit. VFG was based upon the assumption of a high fresh gas utilization because of a low VFG/VE ratio (0.67) and known figures of carbon dioxide elimination. The formulas VFG = 27.8 x VCO2 and VE = 1.5 x VFG were used to calculate the necessary flows to generate normocapnea. The nomogram was evaluated in 59 children (6-62 kg, age 5 months-14 years). PaCO2 (mean +/- s.d.) was 5.0 +/- 0.5 kPa (38 +/- 4 mmHg) with a total range of 3.9-6.3 kPa (29-47 mmHg). Ninety percent of the children had a PaCO2 of 5.7 kPa (43 mmHg) or lower. There was no correlation between body weight and PaCO2. Hence, there was no difference in mean values between children below or above a body weight of 20 kg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Ostersund Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007223:Infant; D007530:Isoflurane; D008297:Male; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D007530:Isoflurane; D006221:Halothane