title: Speed of reversal of midazolam-induced respiratory depression by flumazenil--a study in patients undergoing upper G.I. endoscopy.
abstract: Intravenous midazolam was given to 17 patients coming to upper G.I. endoscopy. All patients had an ear oximeter and calibrated induction plethysmograph attached to record oxygen saturation and minute volume continuously. Midazolam induced significant depression of respiration. Following removal of the endoscope, a new base line was obtained before giving intravenous flumazenil in an attempt to reverse the sedative and ventilatory effects of midazolam. When 0.5 mg of flumazenil was given over 20 s, followed by 0.1 mg every minute, up to a total of 1.0 mg, all patients were apparently awake in under 2 min. Although the flumazenil had clearly reversed the sedative effects of midazolam, the ventilatory effects were largely uninfluenced. The implications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Ipswich Hospital, Suffolk, UK.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Coady
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001785:Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; D005260:Female; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008875:Middle Aged; D010991:Plethysmography; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005442:Flumazenil; D008874:Midazolam