title: Alfentanil and fentanyl sedation in infants and small children during cardiac catheterization.
abstract: Thirty patients aged 1-23 mth received either alfentanil or fentanyl for the induction and maintenance of IV sedation during cardiac catheterization following oral flunitrazepam premedication (0.1 mg.kg-1). Patients breathed spontaneously 30 per cent oxygen in air. Both alfentanil and fentanyl abolished all reaction to pain and discomfort with minimal haemodynamic and respiratory changes. Induction doses of alfentanil and fentanyl were 20 +/- 6 and 2.5 +/- 1.1 (mean +/- SD) micrograms.kg-1, respectively, and maintenance requirements 30 +/- 12 and 1.5 +/- 0.6 micrograms.kg-1.h-1, respectively. These requirements were comparable among younger and older as well as cyanotic and acyanotic patients. The IV sedation described adds an effective method to the armamentarium of an anaesthetist working in the cardiac laboratory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Meretoja
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rautiainen
mesh_terms: D015760:Alfentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005445:Flunitrazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011897:Random Allocation; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013990:Tidal Volume
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D015760:Alfentanil; D005445:Flunitrazepam; D010100:Oxygen; D005283:Fentanyl