title: Distortion product emissions in humans. II. Relations to acoustic immittance and stimulus frequency and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in normally hearing subjects.
abstract: Multifrequency and multicomponent evaluations of aural acoustic immittance, including tympanometry and acoustic reflex testing, were performed on 44 normal ears to examine the influence of middle ear functioning on the generation and detection of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPEs). In the same ears, the prevalence and parametric features of spontaneous and stimulus frequency emissions were also assessed so that their relationship to the detection "thresholds" and amplitudes of corresponding DPEs could be determined. The general outcome was that none of the examined features of acoustic immittance provided an explanation for the discrete, low-amplitude DPE regions observed in about one third of normal ears. Moreover, the presence of typical spontaneous and stimulus frequency emissions in these same "irregular" ears indicated that emission generation and reverse cochlear transmission were also operating normally within these regions of reduced DPEs. Consequently, other, as yet undetermined influences appear to contribute to the DPE variability noted in some ears. Finally, the simultaneous presence of stimulus frequency emissions, but not spontaneous emissions, appeared to reduce the detection "thresholds" and increase the amplitudes of low-frequency DPEs.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Lonsbury-Martin
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Stagner
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001299:Audiometry; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology*; D003055:Cochlear Microphonic Potentials; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure; D011930:Reaction Time; D012022:Reflex, Acoustic / Q000502:physiology