title: Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit and gene fusion proteins for oral vaccination.
abstract: The B subunit portion of cholera toxin (CTB) is a safe and effective oral immunizing agent in humans, affording protection against both cholera and diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli producing heat-labile toxin (LT) (Clemens et al., 1986; 1988). CTB may also be used as a carrier of various "foreign" antigens suitable for oral administration. To facilitate large-scale production of CTB for vaccine development purposes, we have constructed recombinant overexpression systems for CTB proteins in which the CTB gene is under the control of strong foreign (non-cholera) promoters and in which it is also possible to fuse oligonucleotides to the CTB gene and thereby achieve overexpression of hybrid proteins (Sanchez and Holmgren, 1989; Sanchez et al., 1988). We here expand these findings by describing overexpression of CTB by a constitutive tacP promoter as well as by the T7 RNA-polymerase promoter, and also by describing gene fusions leading to overexpression of several hybrid proteins between heat-stable E. coli enterotoxin (STa)-related peptides to either the amino or carboxy ends of CTB. Each of the hybrid proteins, when tested as immunogens in rabbits, stimulated significant anti-STa as well as anti-CTB antibody formation, although the anti-STa antibody levels attained (c.a. 1-15 micrograms/ml specific anti-STa immunoglobulin) were too low to give more than partial neutralization of STa intestinal challenge in baby mice. The hybrid proteins also had a near-native conformation, as apparent from their oligomeric nature and their strong reactivity with both a neutralizing antibody against the B subunit and a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) against STa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Löwenadler
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Svennerholm
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holmgren
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D022121:Cholera Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011817:Rabbits; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D022121:Cholera Vaccines; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D002772:Cholera Toxin