title: (Difluoromethylene)phosphates of guanine nucleosides as probes of DNA polymerases and G proteins.
abstract: 5'-Polyphosphates of N2-(p-n-butylphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine and -guanosine which contain a difluoromethylene group in place of a phosphoanhydride oxygen have been synthesized. 5'-[beta,gamma-(Difluoromethylene)triphosphates], including that of 2'-deoxyguanosine, were prepared by reaction of the corresponding 5'-phosphates, activated by 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole, with difluoromethanediphosphonate. The 5'-[(difluoromethylene)diphosphate] of N2-(p-n-butylphenyl)guanosine was prepared by treatment of a protected 5'-tosyl nucleoside with difluoromethanediphosphonate, followed by deprotection. Condensation of this nucleotide, activated with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole, with orthophosphate gave N2-(p-n-butylphenyl)guanosine 5'-[(alpha,beta-difluoromethylene)triphosphate]. Products were characterized by 31P and 19F NMR spectroscopy. The phosphonates were tested for their ability to displace [3H]GDP from the GTP binding proteins cellular (EC) and oncogenic (Leu-61) Ha-ras p21, and for their ability to inhibit DNA polymerase alpha from Chinese hamster ovary cells. The p21s bound weakly to a triphosphonate when the CF2 group was in the beta,gamma position, but not when it was in the alpha,beta position, and they did not bind to the corresponding (difluoromethylene)diphosphate. In contrast, the CF2 group had no effect on inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha by N2-(p-n-butylphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-[(beta,gamma-difluoromethylene)triphospate]. 2'-Deoxyguanosine 5'-[(beta,gamma-difluoromethylene)triphosphate] was found to be a bona fide substrate for several DNA polymerases and had a lower apparent Km than dGTP with Bacillus subtilis DNA polymerase III.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arabshahi
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noonan
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D004258:DNA Polymerase III / Q000378:metabolism; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006150:Guanine Nucleotides / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015335:Molecular Probes; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D006150:Guanine Nucleotides; D015335:Molecular Probes; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D004258:DNA Polymerase III; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)