Role of protein kinase C in cellular regulation.
Protein kinase C (PKC) consists of a family of closely related enzymes ubiquitously present in animal tissues. These enzymes respond to second messengers, Ca2+, diacylglycerol and arachidonic acid, to express their activities at membrane locations. Numerous hormones, neurotransmitters, growth factors and antigens are believed to transmit their signals by activation of a variety of phospholipases to generate these messengers. The various PKC isozymes, which exhibit distinct biochemical characteristics and unique cellular and subcellular localizations, may be differentially stimulated depending on the duration and strength of these messengers. Activation of PKC has been linked to the regulation of cell surface receptors, ion channels, secretion, gene expression, and neuronal plasticity and toxicity. The mechanisms of action of PKC in the regulation of these cellular functions are not entirely clear. Further study to identify the target substrates relevant to the various cellular functions is essential to define the functional diversity of this enzyme family.
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Section on Metabolic Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D005089:Exocytosis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D015290:Second Messenger Systems
D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D004075:Diglycerides; D007527:Isoenzymes; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010740:Phospholipases; D002118:Calcium