title: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone inhibits GH4 pituitary cell proliferation by blocking entry into S phase.
abstract: TRH inhibits the proliferation of GH4 rat pituitary cells. We have characterized TRH inhibition of cell proliferation by four approaches: cell number, [3H]thymidine incorporation per culture, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation per cell, and cell cycle distribution. TRH decreases GH4 cell number within 18 h of treatment, and this inhibition is maintained for up to 96 h. TRH inhibits [3H]thymidine incorporation into GH4 cell cultures as early as 12 h, and the inhibition of [3H] thymidine incorporation correlates, after a 6-h lag, with decreased GH4 cell number. TRH inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation is concentration dependent and saturable, with half-maximal inhibition (IC50) of 2 nM. TRH inhibition of [3H] thymidine incorporation is receptor number dependent up to 160,000 sites/cell, suggesting no spare receptors for TRH on GH4C1 cells. The precise action of TRH on GH4 cell proliferation was examined by flow cytometry of fluorescein isothiocyanate-anti-BrdUrd- and propidium iodide-DNA stained cells. TRH inhibits the number of cells that incorporate BrdUrd and not the amount of BrdUrd incorporated per cell. Dual analysis indicates that the decreased anti-BrdUrd staining is largely restricted to cells in the early S phase. This action of TRH is prolonged (greater than 32 h) and results in a parallel increase in the number of cells in G2-M and G1. These findings indicate that TRH inhibits GH4 cell proliferation at least in part by inhibiting the number of cells entering the S phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ramsdell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D007399:Interphase / Q000187:drug effects; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011989:Receptors, Thyrotropin / Q000502:physiology; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011989:Receptors, Thyrotropin; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D013936:Thymidine