title: Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. 3. Snail studies monitoring the effect of chemotherapy on transmission in the Msambweni area, Kenya.
abstract: Regular snail sampling was performed at 40 sites, representing the principal snail habitats, during a 4 year chemotherapy programme targetted at school-children in the Msambweni area of the coastal plain of Kenya. Populations of Bulinus africanus group snails, primarily from pools, showed seasonal variations, dropping when sites dried out and rising when they were refilled by the rains. Transmission, judged by the recovery of snails shedding typical fucocercous cercariae, continued throughout the treatment period at very low levels (less than 1% of the snails collected were infected) with peaks in October/November and in January/February after seasonal rains. Spatially, most infected snails were recovered from 2 large pools near the sea, close to the school that responded least well to the initial chemotherapy programme. Later, infected snails were found sporadically in inland pools, rice fields and temporary streams near another school where there was evidence of substantial reinfection as the study progressed. The snail findings are consistent with a reduction but not elimination of transmission associated with the chemotherapy programme.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Sturrock
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinyanjui
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Thíongo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tosha
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ouma
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koech
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Siongok
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002033:Bulinus / Q000469:parasitology*; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011223:Praziquantel / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011891:Rain; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D013997:Time Factors; D014236:Trichlorfon / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011223:Praziquantel; D014236:Trichlorfon