title: Echocardiographic evaluation of segmental wall motion early and late after thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: the Western Washington Tissue Plasminogen Activator Emergency Room Trial.
abstract: In 92 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients treated with tissue plasminogen activator 2.3 +/- 1.2 hours after the onset of chest pain, echocardiography was performed at 11 +/- 14 hours (early) and, in 49 patients, again at 13 +/- 7 weeks (late). Infarct location and the left ventricular wall motion score index--the average score (normal = 1, hypokinetic = 2, akinetic = 3, dyskinetic = 4) for 20 segments--were determined by 2 observers unaware of clinical, angiographic or electrocardiographic data. Concordance between noninvasive infarct location by electrocardiography or echocardiography and infarct-related artery at angiography 4 +/- 2 days later (n = 85) was 76 and 81%, respectively. The early wall motion score index was worse for anterior (1.8 +/- 0.4) versus inferior (1.3 +/- 0.2, p less than 0.0001) or posterior-lateral (1.6 +/- 0.2, p = 0.0003) infarcts. Overall, the wall motion score index improved from early to late echocardiography (n = 49, 1.5 +/- 0.3 to 1.3 +/- 0.3, p = 0.0008). However, improvement was confined to those with time to treatment less than or equal to 2 hours (n = 22, 1.4 +/- 0.3 to 1.2 +/- 0.2, p less than 0.0001), and evidence of reperfusion at angiography (n = 38, 1.5 +/- 0.3 to 1.2 +/- 0.3, p less than 0.0001). The decrease in the wall motion score index was related to a decrease in the number of adjacent involved segments (5.5 +/- 3.0 to 3.7 +/- 3.9/patient, p = 0.0006). Thus, echocardiography early after AMI identifies infarct location. Improvement in regional wall motion is seen after early treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stratton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maynard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Althouse
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Johannessen
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004452:Echocardiography; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator