title: Manganese levels in a jaundiced long-term total parenteral nutrition patient: potentiation of haloperidol toxicity? Case report and literature review.
abstract: Manganese is vital in human nutrition. When oral intake is precluded, the recommended parenteral supplementation is 0.15 to 0.8 mg/day. Manganese is excreted primarily in the bile; during cholestasis, serum manganese levels may rise, and manganese toxicity ensue. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are prominent. Phenothiazine-derivative drugs may potentiate manganese toxicity. Serum or whole blood manganese levels should guide manganese therapy in jaundiced patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Reilly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy; D003082:Colectomy; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007565:Jaundice / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008345:Manganese / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D020149:Manganese Poisoning; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000009:adverse effects; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese; D006220:Haloperidol