title: Antimutagenic effects of mushrooms.
abstract: A heat-resistant factor in ethanol extracts of the fungus Craterellus cornucopioides completely inhibited the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene, the acridine half mustard ICR-191 and 2-nitrofluorene in a forward-mutation system using Salmonella typhimurium TM677 (screening for 8-azaguanine resistance). There was no inhibitory effect on the mutagenic activity of 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, methyl methanesulfonate or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Experiments performed to elucidate the mechanism of the antimutagenic effect showed that neither an alteration of cell viability nor an interference with the excision-repair and the inducible SOS-repair system was involved. The conceivable mechanisms for the antimutagenicity of the ethanol extract include direct chemical interaction with the mutagen and/or inhibition of the activation process in the case of the promutagens. The antimutagenic activity of Craterellus cornucopioides is not unique among mushroom species. The ethanol extracts of 6 other mushrooms showed a similar antimutagenic activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Schwerzenbach.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grüter
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Friederich
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Würgler
mesh_terms: D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide / Q000633:toxicity; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000585:Aminacrine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D001487:Basidiomycota; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004260:DNA Repair; D000431:Ethanol; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000633:toxicity; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate / Q000633:toxicity; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine / Q000633:toxicity; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D009588:Nitrogen Mustard Compounds / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D005449:Fluorenes; D009588:Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; C019499:2-nitrofluorene; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D000431:Ethanol; D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide; D000585:Aminacrine; C004294:acridine half-mustard; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate