title: Congenital malformations of the external, middle, and inner ear produced by isotretinoin exposure in mouse embryos.
abstract: Isotretinoin (Accutane), a widely used dermatologic drug, produces severe congenital malformations when used during pregnancy. The isotretinoin teratogen syndrome consists of multiple cardiovascular and craniofacial anomalies, most commonly involving the external ear. This study examined the pathogenesis of isotretinoin teratogenicity in a mouse model, using microdissection and histologic examination of fetal mouse ears after treatment with the drug at various stages of embryonic development. In this study, earlier treatment times frequently produced microtia similar to that seen in affected infants, as well as recognizable patterns of temporal bone and ossicular abnormalities; exposure at a later developmental stage resulted in facial tags with less severely affected ears. Possible teratogenic mechanisms of isotretinoin are discussed. Suitability of the mouse model for studying human congenital craniofacial malformations, such as Goldenhar's and Treacher Collins Syndrome, is also explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sulik
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D000818:Animals; D004431:Ear, External / Q000002:abnormalities*; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000002:abnormalities*; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000002:abnormalities*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D015474:Isotretinoin