title: Dose-dependent atropine-induced changes in spontaneous electroencephalogram in human volunteers.
abstract: Atropine is an anticholinergic drug used in military medicine as an antidote following exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting nerve agents. However, atropine causes neuropsychologic effects that impair performance. In the present study, we examined electrophysiologic indices that may accompany performance deficits. Quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) analyses of changes induced by atropine (1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/70 kg, intramuscularly) were assessed in seven male volunteers in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over experiment. Spontaneous EEG recordings were obtained from relaxed subjects before, 2 hours after, and 8 hours after atropine. Atropine significantly increased delta power, decreased alpha power, and tended to increase theta power and reduce beta and theta frequency. EEG indices of vigilance were reduced by the drug. Dose-related increases in sedation and dysphoria were obtained; some subjects liked these effects. Together, these findings confirmed that atropine causes dose- and time-related electrophysiologic and subjective effects that predict impaired performance.
authors.affiliation: NIDA, Addiction Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Pickworth
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Herning
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koeppl
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Henningfield
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D001285:Atropine