title: Point mutations of c-ras genes in human bladder cancer and kidney cancer.
abstract: Point mutations of c-ras genes at codons 12, 13 and 61 were analyzed in 26 cases of bladder cancer and 16 cases of kidney cancer. DNA prepared from either frozen tissues or 10% formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were amplified by means of polymerase chain reaction methods, and mutations were analyzed by dot blot hybridization assays with oligonucleotide probes. In three cases of bladder cancer c-ras mutations were found, at codons 13 and 61 of c-Ha-ras and at codon 61 of c-Ki-ras, while no mutation was found in kidney cancer. No mutation was found in normal bladder epithelial tissues from the same patients. Our findings, taken together, may indicate relative scarcity of c-ras mutations in these types of human cancer. The results of dot blot hybridization assays and DNA sequencing showed a G-to-C transition of the first nucleotide at codon 13 c-Ha-ras. This is the first time that such a point mutation has been detected in human cancer tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saiki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotake
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiku
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D003062:Codon; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)