title: Effects of warm-up on blood gases, lactate and acid-base status during sprint swimming.
abstract: A standardized 200-m front crawl sprint swim (SpS) was used to evaluate the effects of warm-up on pH, blood gases, and the concentrations of lactate ([La-]) and bicarbonate ([HCO3-]) in arterialized and venous blood. Eight trained male swimmers performed two randomly assigned 200-m front crawl swims at previously determined intensities corresponding to 120% VO2max. One swim was preceded by a warm-up (WU trial) which consisted of a 400-m front crawl swim (82% VO2max), 400-m flutter kicking (45% VO2max), and 4 x 50-m front crawl sprints (111% VO2max). The second was performed without warm-up (NWU trial). Blood was sampled from a hyperemized earlobe and an antecubital vein before the warm-up, 9 min after the warm-up (1 min before the swim), immediately following the SpS, and at 2, 5, 10, and 20 min after the SpS. The warm-up exercise resulted in a higher pre-SpS [La-] in arterialized blood (3.1 +/- 0.4 and 1.7 +/- 0.4 mmol x l-1, p less than 0.05), a higher hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]) in venous blood (45.9 +/- 0.9 and 42.2 +/- 0.8 nmol x l-1, p less than 0.001), and a lower arterialized blood [HCO3-] (25.1 +/- 0.9 and 22.2 +/- 0.8 mmol x l-1, p less than 0.05). The SpS was accompanied with higher heart rates during the WU trial (178 +/- 3 and 169 +/- 3 bpm; p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Robergs
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Costill
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Pascoe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chwalbinska-Moneta
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000097:blood*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D007773:Lactates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide