title: In vivo determination of valproate binding constants during sole and multi-drug therapy.
abstract: Valproate (VPA) is present in humans and is largely bound to protein. Only free drug is metabolized, and antiepileptic and toxic effects are probably related to free concentrations. By measuring serial free and total serum VPA levels after routine oral doses, we have determined individual in vivo protein binding parameters for 37 patients after a total of 49 separate drug administrations. Binding site concentrations and dissociation constants were fitted using a nonlinear algorithm. On sole VPA (n = 28) the mean dissociation constant was 91 mumol/L, and the mean concentration of binding sites was 1,176 mumol/L. Evidence suggests a second, nonsaturable binding site. Fraction of unbound VPA ranged from 5.4% at low levels up to 38.7%, rising with increasing total concentration. Concurrent therapy with phenytoin (n = 7) or carbamazepine (n = 8) did not cause displacement of VPA. Changes in free fraction were consistently observed during the interdose interval. The data demonstrate that the binding changes are not a factor in decreased VPA levels during coadministration of other antiepileptic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut 06516.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Scheyer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Toftness
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hochholzer
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Mattson
mesh_terms: D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002220:Carbamazepine; D014635:Valproic Acid; D010672:Phenytoin