title: Transcriptional activation by TGF beta 1 mediated by the dyad symmetry element (DSE) and the TPA responsive element (TRE).
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) is a multifunctional regulator of growth and differentiation. However, both cytoplasmatic and nuclear signal transduction mechanisms leading to the biological effects of TGF beta 1 are largely unknown. In this report we show, that TGF beta 1 induces the expression of the immediate early genes c-jun and jun B, that encode trans-acting factors regulating transcription of a variety of genes in response to growth factors and phorbol esters. The jun genes are induced by TGF beta 1 in a protein synthesis independent fashion both in quiescent mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, which are growth stimulated by TGF beta 1, as well as in mink lung CCL64 (ML-CCL64) epithelial cells, which are growth inhibited by TGF beta 1. The PDGF inducible JE gene was induced by TGF beta 1 in 3T3, but not in ML-CCL64 cells. Furthermore, we show that chimaeric reporter-CAT constructs containing the TPA responsive element (TRE) or the dyad symmetry element (DSE) are activated by TGF beta 1 in transient transfection assays in both growth inhibited and growth stimulated cells. These results show that the early genomic responses to TGF beta 1 resemble changes in gene expression induced by serum, growth factors and phorbol esters, suggesting common mechanisms of transcriptional activation.
authors.affiliation: Hubrecht Laboratory, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology, Utrecht.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kruijer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016759:Oncogene Protein p65(gag-jun); D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016759:Oncogene Protein p65(gag-jun); D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors