title: Resistance of gram-negative bacilli and staphylococci from blood cultures to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Comparison of 3 in vitro investigations from Austria 1982-1988.
abstract: A total of 790 blood culture isolates was collected during 3 study periods in 1982/83, 1984/85 and 1987/88. Staphylococci were the most frequent bacteria in the first two periods (56.5% and 63%, respectively). During the last period, E. coli was the most frequent of all species (27%). Differences in the distribution of bacteria between the laboratories were considerable. In one laboratory in Vienna, coagulase-negative staphylococci dominated in all 3 study periods (32%, 33% and 47%). Susceptibility against gentamicin, tobramycin and netilmicin (MIC less than or equal to 4 mg/l), as well as against amikacin (MIC less than or equal to 8 mg/l) were determined by a microdilution method. The resistance rates against gentamicin (G) were 25%, 21% and 25%, against tobramycin (T) 27%, 19% and 25%, against netilmicin (N) 6%, 4% and 19%, and against amikacin (A), 5%, 2% and 19%. Most resistant strains were staphylococci (G 26%-41%, T 26%-46%, N 3%-31%, A 3%-36%), whereas gram-negative bacilli were more susceptible (G 12%-14%, T 7%-11%, N 7%-9%, A 1%-7.5%). The increase of resistance against netilmicin and amikacin in staphylococci was most striking. Nearly all those strain could be attributed to one laboratory in Vienna. Most of them were coagulase-negative staphylococci. In the first study period, the most frequent pattern was resistance against gentamicin and tobramycin, whereas in the last period resistance to all 4 aminoglycosides dominated. The study demonstrates considerable local differences in antibiotic resistance. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance in collaborative studies using standardized methods should be a valuable tool in planning strategies for controlling an epidemic spread of resistance.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Krakenhauses der Elisabethinen, Linz.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mittermayer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rotter
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Breitfellner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riezinger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watschinger
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001317:Austria; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009428:Netilmicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D018805:Sepsis / Q000382:microbiology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D009428:Netilmicin; D000583:Amikacin; D014031:Tobramycin