title: Alveolar epithelial cell plasminogen activator. Characterization and regulation.
abstract: Intra-alveolar fibrin deposition is one of the pathological hallmarks of acute lung injury. Because alveolar epithelial cells play a central role in the repair process following acute lung injury, this study was undertaken to examine their potential to produce a plasminogen activator (PA). We now report the synthesis and secretion of PA by rat alveolar epithelial cells with the catalytic properties of a urokinase-type (u-PA) rather than tissue-type plasminogen activator. Studies of regulation of epithelial cell u-PA revealed: 1) phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) but not the inactive structural analog 4 alpha-PMA upregulated u-PA synthesis, putatively via the protein kinase C pathway; 2) PMA induction of u-PA activity was substantially inhibited by dexamethasone and completely inhibited by cycloheximide; 3) unstimulated alveolar epithelial cells had no detectable u-PA mRNA, whereas PMA exposure led to activation of the u-PA gene and accumulation of a 2.5-kilobase u-PA mRNA; and 4) cycloheximide did not abolish this induction of u-PA mRNA suggesting that intermediate protein synthesis was not necessary for the activation of transcription. In light of their capacity to promote fibrinolysis and their strategic anatomic location, alveolar epithelial cells are likely to play a key role in the extensive remodelling process that follows acute lung injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City 84132.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sageser
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emi
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hoidal
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D007163:Immunosorbent Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000584:Amiloride; D003907:Dexamethasone; D003513:Cycloheximide; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate