title: TRAM flap safety optimized with intraoperative Doppler.
abstract: Anatomic studies have clearly documented the variable position of the deep superior epigastric vessels in the rectus abdominis muscle. In our opinion, only that part of the rectus abdominis muscle containing the vascular pedicle should be transposed with the TRAM flap. The Doppler probe provides a simple method of identifying the dominant intramuscular vascular axis. It consistently alerts the surgeon to any unusual position of a vessel at the costal margin or within the rectus abdominis muscle. This knowledge enables a conservative yet safe dissection of the vascular pedicle, rectus abdominis muscle, and its sheath. This in turn will enable a competent abdominal closure. The Doppler technique is safe, simple, quick, noninvasive, familiar to most surgeons, and applicable to all patients.
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Joseph Hospital, Atlanta, GA.
authors: B J
authors: BJ
authors: Michelow
authors: C R
authors: CR
authors: Hartrampf
authors: G K
authors: GK
authors: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000098:blood supply*; D001940:Breast / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000379:methods*; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014463:Ultrasonography