title: The effects of intravenous endotoxin on various host-effector molecules.
abstract: To understand better the pathogenesis of gram-negative infections, we administered a single intravenous injection of Escherichia coli RE-2 endotoxin (4 ng/kg) to five normal volunteers and periodically measured various host-effector molecules in blood. All subjects had a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in temperature (maximum of 1.3 +/- 0.1 degrees C at 4 hours) and white blood cell count (maximum of 7700 +/- 1800 cells per cubic millimeters at 8 hours). Thymocyte costimulatory activity in blood was markedly increased 2 hours after endotoxin administration but returned to baseline at 4 hours. Blood cortisol and beta-endorphin levels paralleled each other, peaking 4 hours after endotoxin (mean increases of 21 +/- 14 micrograms/dl and p less than 0.01; 18.6 +/- 5.9 pg/ml and p less than 0.05, respectively) and returning to baseline at 8 hours. Blood histamine levels did not significantly change at any time point after endotoxin administration. Since thymocyte costimulatory activity was the first of the measured parameters to achieve peak blood levels, we suggest that endotoxin-induced increases in various cytokines may contribute to the increases in the other measured parameters and thereby play a significant role in the pathogenesis of gram-negative infections.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors: T B
authors: TB
authors: Casale
authors: Z K
authors: ZK
authors: Ballas
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Kaliner
authors: T M
authors: TM
authors: Keahey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000097:blood; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria; D006632:Histamine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors; D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D001615:beta-Endorphin; D006632:Histamine; D006854:Hydrocortisone