Age-related changes in sleep in depressed and healthy subjects. A meta-analysis.
In this article we demonstrate that the difference in sleep between depressives and healthy controls varies systematically as a function of the mean age of the sample studied. The data were taken from 27 studies that had compared the sleep of drug-free depressed patients and age-matched healthy controls. In all, the studies give data for 822 patients (in 41 samples) and 621 healthy controls (in 37 samples). The mean age of the samples varied between 9 and 72 years. For total sleep time, minutes awake, sleep efficiency, minutes of slow-wave sleep, and REM latency, there are reliable age-related trends in both sets of samples. These trends follow a progressively diverging course such that, within studies, the mean difference and the standardized mean difference (d) between patients and controls increases as a linear function of the mean age of the former (i.e., the older the patients, the greater the difference). Possible reasons for the interaction are discussed.
Knowles
J B
JB
Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
MacLean
A W
AW
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012890:Sleep; D014851:Wakefulness