title: Acute inhibitory effect of follicle-stimulating hormone-suppressing protein (FSP) on gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated gonadotropin secretion in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells.
abstract: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-suppressing protein (FSP) or follistatin, a novel gonadal glycoprotein hormone, has been shown to have chronic inhibitory effects on the secretion of both FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in vitro. The present study was designed to investigate the acute effects of bovine FSP on GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin secretion and to examine the potential subcellular sites of this action of FSP using cultured pituitary cells. Anterior pituitaries from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were enzymatically dispersed and cultured for 48 h, after which the cells were treated with bovine FSP for 6 h, followed by a 4 h stimulation with secretagogues in the continued presence of FSP. Results showed that the 35 kDa form of bovine FSP (0.1-3 nM) dose-dependently suppressed GnRH-stimulated FSH and LH secretion, with inhibition of 38 and 25%, respectively, at 3 nM. In addition, FSP suppressed gonadotropin secretion in response to activators of protein kinase C (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and mezerein) and a calcium ionophore (A23187). However, FSP had no effect on gonadotropin secretion evoked by melittin, an activator of phospholipase A2. Furthermore, 35 kDa bovine FSP did not compete with GnRH for GnRH binding sites in a direct competition study and treatment of cultured pituitary cells with FSP (0.1-3 nM) for 10 h did not alter the number of GnRH binding sites on the cell membranes. Finally, similar inhibitory effects on gonadotropin secretion in response to GnRH, PMA and mezerein were obtained with the 31 and 39 kDa forms of bovine FSP, each at a concentration of 1 nM. We conclude from the present study that FSP acutely inhibits GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin secretion in cultured pituitary cells, and that FSP exerts its action beyond the GnRH receptor, possibly by affecting the protein kinase C and/or the calcium-calmodulin systems.
authors: Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, South Melboure, Victoria, Australia.
authors: Q F
authors: QF
authors: Wang
authors: P G
authors: PG
authors: Farnworth
authors: H G
authors: HG
authors: Burger
authors: J K
authors: JK
authors: Findlay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004224:Diterpenes; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D038681:Follistatin; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008555:Melitten / Q000494:pharmacology; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000378:metabolism; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D038681:Follistatin; D006023:Glycoproteins; D013729:Terpenes; D008555:Melitten; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; C011309:mezerein; D000001:Calcimycin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate