title: Expiratory abdominal muscle activity during ventilatory chemostimulation in piglets.
abstract: We examined abdominal muscle minute electromyographic (EMG) activity (peak moving time average EMG x respiratory rate) during eupnea, hyperoxic hypercapnia (8% CO2-40% O2-balance N2), and hypoxia (13% O2) in 12 anesthetized (0.5% halothane) newborn piglets. In addition, we assessed the role of vagal afferent pathways in the abdominal muscles' response to ventilatory chemostimulation by examining abdominal EMG activity (EMGab) before and after bilateral cervical vagotomy in five animals. Phasic expiratory EMGab was observed in 11 of 12 piglets during eupnea. Hypercapnia was associated with a sustained augmentation of minute EMGab (444 +/- 208% control). In contrast, hypoxia consistently augmented (1 min, 193 +/- 33% control) then diminished (5 min, 126 +/- 39% control) minute EMGab. Vagotomy resulted in a decline in peak moving time average EMGab by approximately one-half (48 +/- 18% control); the abdominal muscles' response to ventilatory chemostimulation, however, was qualitatively unchanged. We conclude that 1) expiration during eupnea in anesthetized newborn piglets is associated with phasic EMGab; 2) both hypercapnia and hypoxia augment minute EMGab; however, only hypercapnia is associated with sustained augmentation; and 3) although vagal afferents have a role in modulating the base-line level of EMGab, other extravagal mechanisms appear to determine the pattern of EMGab in response to ventilatory chemostimulation.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pennsylvania 15213.
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Watchko
authors: T L
authors: TL
authors: O'Day
authors: B S
authors: BS
authors: Brozanski
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Guthrie
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004576:Electromyography; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013552:Swine; D014628:Vagotomy; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen