title: Phase I study of the tolerance and pharmacokinetics of toremifene in patients with cancer.
abstract: Toremifene is a triphenylethylene derivative structurally and pharmacologically similar to tamoxifen. This Phase I trial assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, anti-estrogenic, and estrogenic effects of toremifene at six dose levels (10, 20, 40, 60, 200, and 400 mg/day). The most common side-effects associated with therapy included gastrointestinal (nausea/vomiting 43%), anti-estrogenic (hot flashes 29%), and CNS (dizziness/vertigo 12%). Three patients with bone metastases from breast cancer developed hypercalcemia. At doses greater than or equal to 40 mg/day a decline in LH and FSH occurred which was not statistically significant. At all doses tested SHBG rose during therapy. A dose dependent estrogenic blockade was seen on the vaginal epithelium following challenge with transdermal estradiol. Steady-state concentrations of toremifene were reached within 4 weeks, and at doses greater than or equal to 60 mg/day ranged from 879-3445 ng/ml. The half-life was found to be 5 days, and at three weeks following discontinuation of treatment concentrations greater than 24 ng/ml were detected. The N-desmethyl and 4-hydroxy metabolites achieved steady state levels within 4 weeks and had half-lives of 6 and 5 days respectively. Partial responses were seen in 4 patients, 3 with breast cancer treated at 200 mg/day and 1 with endometrial cancer treated at 400 mg/day.
authors: Department of Medicine, Meriter-Madison General Hospital, Madison, WI 53715.
authors: P C
authors: PC
authors: Kohler
authors: J T
authors: JT
authors: Hamm
authors: V J
authors: VJ
authors: Wiebe
authors: M W
authors: MW
authors: DeGregorio
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Shemano
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Tormey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D002979:Climacteric / Q000187:drug effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D012074:Remission Induction; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017312:Toremifene; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens; D006062:Gonadotropins; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013629:Tamoxifen; D017312:Toremifene