The SRE: a growth factor responsive transcriptional regulator.
Cellular immediate-early genes are rapidly and transiently activated when cells are stimulated with many different growth factors. This review examines the function of a short immediate-early gene regulatory sequence, the Serum Response Element (SRE), that is sufficient for this transient transcriptional activation. The structures of SREs and SRE-containing promoters are presented, followed by a summary of SRE regulatory properties. The roles of other SRE-like regulatory sequences in mammalian and yeast cells are then considered. The properties of SRE binding proteins are reviewed, followed by a discussion of the effects of mutations on both SRE function and protein binding. Finally, possible models for SRE function are discussed.
Treisman
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Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Lincoln's Inn fields, London, UK.
D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D026362:Serum Response Factor; D051758:Transcription Factor TFIIH; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C072546:GTF2H1 protein, human; D006133:Growth Substances; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D026362:Serum Response Factor; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII; C072545:p62TCF protein, human; D051758:Transcription Factor TFIIH