title: Arterial vasodilator effects of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist amlodipine alone and in combination with verapamil in systemic hypertension.
abstract: The arterial vasodilator properties of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist amlodipine were compared with the effects of vascular muscle cyclic guanosine monophosphate production by sodium nitroprusside and with the effects of a combined infusion of amlodipine and the nondihydropyridine calcium antagonist verapamil in 8 untreated patients with primary hypertension. Arterial vasodilation was assessed by measurement of changes of forearm blood flow by mercury in Silastic strain-gauge plethysmography during brachial artery drug infusions. Forearm blood flow increased during amlodipine infusions (0.4 to 45 micrograms/min/100 ml forearm tissue) from 2.9 +/- 1.7 to a maximum of 23.6 +/- 7.6 ml/min/100 ml (687%), while sodium nitroprusside caused an increase from 3.0 +/- 1.8 to 16.2 +/- 5.4 ml/min/100 ml (449%), attesting to the importance of transmembrane calcium influx for the maintenance of vascular tone. The addition of verapamil 40 micrograms/min/100 ml to an infusion of amlodipine 44.5 micrograms/min/100 ml resulted in a further increase of forearm blood flow, from 23.6 +/- 7.6 to 34.4 +/- 9.8 ml/min/100 ml (p less than 0.05). The precise mechanisms of this finding have yet to be elucidated but may be due to interactions of the effects of the binding of these 2 chemically and pharmacologically different calcium antagonists to distinct binding sites at calcium channels. The clinical relevance of this observation for the treatment of coronary artery disease and systemic hypertension needs further study.
authors: Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Kiowski
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Erne
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Linder
authors: F R
authors: FR
authors: Bühler
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014700:Verapamil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D017311:Amlodipine; D014700:Verapamil; D009543:Nifedipine