title: Comparative effects of two different multiple injection regimens on blood glucose control and patient acceptance in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: In a randomized cross-over study we compared blood glucose control and patient acceptance of a 12-week basal-prandial regimen with short-acting insulin before meals and isophane (NPH) insulin at bedtime (4 injections) with a scheme with a second injection of isophane (NPH) insulin before breakfast (5 injections). Forty-three Type 1 diabetic patients (age 37 +/- 11 (+/- SD) years, duration of diabetes 15 (range 2-48) years, 26 males and 17 females) completed the study. Mean daily blood glucose was 8.6 +/- 2.4 mmol l-1 at baseline, and 8.1 +/- 2.2 mmol l-1 after the four-injection period and 7.9 +/- 2.0 mmol l-1 with five-injections (NS). HbA1c after 12 weeks was not different with the two treatments (6.6 +/- 1.1 vs 6.5 +/- 0.9%), neither was fasting blood glucose (9.6 +/- 4.2 mmol l-1 with 4 injections, and 9.0 +/- 4.4 mmol l-1 with 5 injections). Daily insulin dose did not differ between regimens (55 vs 56 U day-1). No differences in number or severity of hypoglycaemic events were observed. After the study, 13 patients preferred to continue the 5-injection regimen, and 21 patients preferred 4 injections. Treatment satisfaction with either regimen was equally high. It is concluded that dividing the intermediate-acting insulin into a morning and an evening dose did not lead to an improvement in blood glucose control in these moderately-controlled Type 1 diabetic patients.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: B H
authors: BH
authors: Wolffenbuttel
authors: B M
authors: BM
authors: van Ouwerkerk
authors: B F
authors: BF
authors: Veldhuyzen
authors: P H
authors: PH
authors: Geelhoed-Duijvestijn
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Jakobsen
authors: L G
authors: LG
authors: van Doorn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin