title: A three-phase analysis of the prevention of recreational softball injuries.
abstract: Recreational sports injuries are expensive to society. Prevention of such injuries must be a major public health goal. In a previous retrospective study, base sliding was found to be responsible for 71% of recreational softball injuries. Because most injuries occurred during rapid deceleration against stationary bases, quick-release (break-away) bases were evaluated as a means to modify this mechanism of injury. In a prospective study, 633 softball games were played on a break-away base fields and 627 games were played on stationary base fields. Forty-five sliding injuries occurred on the stationary base diamonds (1 injury for every 13.9 games) and only two sliding injuries occurred on the break-away fields (1 injury for every 316.5 games). The medical costs for injuries on the stationary base fields was 79 times greater than that on the break-away fields. In a 1035 game follow-up study performed on all fields equipped with break-away bases, two sliding injuries occurred (1 injury for every 517.5 games). Installing break-away bases in fields used by recreational leagues would achieve a significant reduction of serious softball injuries (98%) and, therefore, should be mandatory. Based on our findings, the Centers for Disease Control has estimated 1.7 million injuries would be prevented nationally per year, saving $2.0 billion per year nationally in acute medical care costs.
authors: Orthopaedic Surgery Associates, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors: D H
authors: DH
authors: Janda
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Wojtys
authors: F M
authors: FM
authors: Hankin
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Benedict
authors: R N
authors: RN
authors: Hensinger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016512:Ankle Injuries; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001484:Baseball / Q000293:injuries*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011998:Recreation; D014481:United States