Comparison of diverse transport signals in synthetic peptide-induced nuclear transport.
Several investigations have demonstrated the ability of synthetic peptides homologous to the nuclear transport signal of simian virus 40 large T antigen to induce the nuclear transport of nonnuclear carrier proteins. To determine the generality of peptide-induced transport, six peptides with sequences derived from four previously identified nuclear transport signals were synthesized and examined for their ability to induce the transport of mouse immunoglobulin G following microinjection into the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. Peptides containing transport signals from simian virus 40 T antigen, Xenopus nucleoplasmin, and adenovirus E1A proteins were highly efficient at peptide-induced transport, while a peptide homologous to yeast MAT alpha 2 protein was incapable of inducing transport. A short nucleoplasmin peptide that contained only the basic amino acid domain was capable of inducing transport but yielded a much slower rate of transport than a long nucleoplasmin peptide encompassing the previously identified minimal transport signal. The short nucleoplasmin signal exhibited a greater capacity for transport than a peptide homologous to the cytoplasmic mutant T antigen signal when conjugates with a low number of signals coupled per carrier protein were examined. However, the short nucleoplasmin peptide was only marginally more effective than the T antigen mutant peptide when conjugates with a high number of signals coupled per carrier protein were examined.
Lanford
R E
RE
Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas 78284.
Feldherr
C M
CM
White
R G
RG
Dunham
R G
RG
Kanda
P
P
D017456:Adenovirus Early Proteins; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D008845:Microinjections; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D056489:Nucleoplasmins; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
D017456:Adenovirus Early Proteins; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D056489:Nucleoplasmins; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D010455:Peptides; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D012097:Repressor Proteins