Long-term effects of manipulations of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on clinical control and in vitro uptake of glucose and lipids in diabetic rats.
The intestinal absorption of nutrients is increased in diabetic rats fed chow, yet short-term (two week) studies have demonstrated reduced and near-normal intestinal nutrient absorption in diabetic rats fed a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study we undertook to establish the effect of 10 weeks' feeding of isocaloric semisynthetic diets with high or low ratios of saturated (S)-to-omega-3 polyunsaturated (P) fatty acids ("fish oil") when given to streptozotocin diabetic rats. The fasting plasma glucose concentration was approximately 10% lower in diabetic rats fed P as compared with S, although the oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests and the time-course of the oral and intravenous glucose-stimulated immunoreactive insulin levels were similar in P and S, as also were the levels of the hemoglobin A1C. The fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations were similar in P and S, but the fasting plasma cholesterol concentrations were approximately 20% lower in diabetic rats fed P as compared with S. Feeding P to diabetic animals was associated with a heavier intestine, which was comprised of a greater proportion of mucosal than submucosal tissue. The enhanced jejunal uptake of fatty acids 18:0 (stearic) and 18:2 (linoleic) as well as cholesterol observed in diabetic as compared with non-diabetic animals fed S was not observed in those fed P. The enhanced uptake of glucose in diabetic rats was also influenced by diet, with a lower rate for jejunal and ileal uptake of glucose in diabetic rats fed P than in those fed S.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thomson
A B
AB
Surgical Medical Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Keelan
M
M
Rajotte
R V
RV
Cheng
T
T
Fedorak
R N
RN
Cheeseman
C
C
Clandinin
M T
MT
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011920:Rats, Inbred WF; D012016:Reference Values; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol; D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D005947:Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides