title: Hereditary protein S deficiency in young adults with arterial occlusive disease.
abstract: Protein S is the vitamin K dependent cofactor of activated protein C. It has an important role in the regulation of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Hereditary protein S deficiency is associated with familial venous thrombophilia. Since a few patients with arterial occlusions have been reported to be protein S deficient, it is speculated that hereditary protein S deficiency may be also a risk factor for the development of arterial thrombosis. In a group of 37 consecutive patients with arterial occlusive disease presenting before the age of 45, three patients were found heterozygous for hereditary protein S deficiency. None of the patients had a protein C deficiency or an antithrombin III deficiency. Family investigations showed a clear association between the hereditary deficiency and venous thrombosis, but a relation between the deficiency and arterial thrombosis was less obvious. A review of previous literature on patients with arterial thrombosis and protein S deficiency revealed that more extensive studies are needed to demonstrate whether or not hereditary protein S deficiency is a risk factor for the development of arterial thrombosis.
authors: Haemostasis and Thrombosis Research Unit, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: C F
authors: CF
authors: Allaart
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Aronson
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Ruys
authors: F R
authors: FR
authors: Rosendaal
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: van Bockel
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Bertina
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Briët
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D017293:Protein S
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D017293:Protein S