title: A phase II trial of recombinant human interferon-gamma and recombinant tumor necrosis factor in patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancies: results of a trial terminated by excessive toxicity.
abstract: Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor and recombinant human interferon-gamma are two representatives of a novel class of antineoplastic agents. Evaluation of these agents in vitro has suggested that the combination would be more effective than either agent alone. A prior phase I study demonstrated that the maximum tolerated dose for each agent was 150 micrograms/m2/day for 5 days when administered concomitantly. Based on this experience, a phase II trial of patients with biliary tract, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer was planned. Our goal was to treat a minimum of 14 patients with each tumor type. However, in the first 13 patients entered into this trial the toxic effects at the starting doses of 125 micrograms/m2/day for 5 days for each agent were intolerable, with four patients unable to complete planned therapy. In this cohort of patients, no objective responses were observed. Further clinical investigation of this combination should consider alternative treatment schedules to reproduce the in vitro synergistic cytotoxicity of this combination while minimizing host toxicity.
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Abbruzzese
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Levin
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Ajani
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Faintuch
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Pazdur
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Saks
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Edwards
authors: J U
authors: JU
authors: Gutterman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma