Modulating effects in human diets of dietary fibre and beef, and of time and dose on the reactive microcapsule trapping of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites in the rat gastrointestinal tract.
Trapping by magnetic polyethyleneimine (PEI) microcapsules was utilized to investigate the influence in male rats of dose, human dietary composition and time-dependence on reactive metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; also, PEI microcapsules modified with copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonic acid (CPTS) were tested in vivo for trapping of endogenous mutagens having planar molecular structure. In a preliminary experiment the PEI microcapsules were administered by gavage at 0, 24 and 48 h, with [14C]B[a]P at 2 h to chow-fed BDVI rats; microcapsules were recovered from faeces collected at 24, 48 and 72 h, and then subjected to an extraction sequence showing that the trapped B[a]P metabolites were inconsistent with B[a]P diol epoxide trapping (as previously found) and unaltered by elapsed time or 5-fold dose alteration of B[a]P. Then five groups of F344 rats were fed isocalorically either one of four low-fat human diets or rat chow; in order to investigate influences of diet both on B[a]P and endogenous mutagens, half of each group was tested at 2 weeks with this PEI microcapsule/[14C]B[a]P protocol and then at 3 weeks, PEI-CPTS microcapsules (two gavages). So as to provide a cross-over comparison, the other half of each group was first tested with PEI-CPTS microcapsules followed by PEI microcapsules/[14C]B[a]P 1 week later. The human diets were prepared from cooked British foods so as to simulate the adequate intake of all nutrients required by humans; but with 3-fold differences in intake levels of beef and dietary fibre non-starch polysaccharide (NSP), while ensuring the same intake of available energy, protein, fat and calcium. They gave very similar body-weight gains in the four groups but greatly reduced faecal weight, protein and total faecal enzyme activity compared with chow; the extraction pattern of microcapsule-trapped B[a]P metabolite radioactivity was not significantly altered. However, human diet consumption caused a 2- to 6-fold increase in B[a]P metabolite binding to microcapsules and reductions in microcapsule recovery, net 70-h B[a]P excretion, faecal protein and total activities for beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase; these effects were more pronounced after 3 weeks, presumably due to prolonged dietary adaptation. Increased NSP in human diets significantly increased the B[a]P metabolite excretion and marginally reduced the microcapsule binding. The increase in microcapsule binding of B[a]P metabolites, interpreted as reflecting an increased amount of reactive metabolites encountered, was related to the dietary intake weight ratio of beef/NSP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
O'Neill
I K
IK
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Bingham
S
S
Povey
A C
AC
Brouet
I
I
Bereziat
J C
JC
D000818:Animals; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight; D002214:Capsules; D002417:Cattle; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000032:analysis; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013997:Time Factors; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
D002214:Capsules; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007211:Indoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C056110:copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D005966:Glucuronidase