title: Inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine failed to protect rhesus macaques from intravenous or genital mucosal infection but delayed disease in intravenously exposed animals.
abstract: Eight rhesus macaques were immunized four times over a period of 8 months with a psoralen-UV-light-inactivated whole simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine adjuvanted with threonyl muramyl dipeptide. Eight unvaccinated control animals received adjuvant alone. Only the vaccinated animals made antibodies before challenge exposure to the viral core and envelope as determined by Western blotting (immunoblotting) and virus-neutralizing antibodies. Ten days after the final immunization, one-half of the vaccinated and nonvaccinated monkeys were challenged exposed intravenously (i.v.) and one-half were challenge exposed via the genital mucosa with virulent simian immunodeficiency virus. All of the nonvaccinated control monkeys became persistently infected. In spite of preexisting neutralizing antibodies and an anamnestic antibody response, all of the immunized monkeys also became persistently infected. However, there was evidence that the clinical course in immunized i.v. infected animals was delayed. All four mock-vaccinated i.v. challenge-exposed animals died with disease from 3 to 9 months postchallenge. In contrast, only one of four vaccinated i.v. challenge-exposed monkeys had died by 11 months postchallenge.
authors.affiliation: California Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis 95616.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sutjipto
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gettie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Marx
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D011564:Furocoumarins; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000382:microbiology; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D011564:Furocoumarins; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines