title: Sequence analyses of the 3' genome end and NP gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus: sequence variation of the gene-starting signal and the conserved 3' end.
abstract: We cloned and determined the nucleotide sequences of cDNAs against nucleocapsid protein (NP) mRNA and the genomic RNA of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (PIV-2). The 3' terminal region of genomic RNA was compared among PIV-2, mumps virus (MuV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), measles virus (MV), PIV-3, bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus (BPIV-3), Sendai virus (SV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and an extensive sequence homology was observed between PIV-2 and MuV. Although no significant sequence relatedness was observed between PIV-2 and other viruses, the terminal four nucleotides were identical in the viruses compared, implying a specific role of these nucleotides on the replication of paramyxoviruses. A primer extension analysis elucidated the major NP mRNA initiation site with the sequence UCUAAGCC, which showed a moderate homology with the gene-starting consensus sequences of other paramyxoviruses. On the other hand, the NP mRNA was terminated at the nucleotide stretch AAAUUCUUUUU, and this sequence was conserved in all the PIV-2 genes, indicating that the oligonucleotides will form a part of the gene attenuation signal of PIV-2. Comparisons of NP protein sequence indicated a possible subgrouping of the paramyxoviruses into two groups, one of which is a group including PIV-2, PIV-4, MuV, and NDV, and another is a group including PIV-3, BPIV-3, and SV. This result supports an idea from our previous studies using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, our data indicated that the PIV-2 NP protein sequence was more closely related to MV and CDV than to other parainfluenza viruses, PIV-3 and SV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Mie University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yuasa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bando
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsurudome
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002213:Capsid / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005814:Genes, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D010223:Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D010252:Paramyxoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D009841:Oligonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins; D004247:DNA