title: Activation of type II calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase by Ca2+/calmodulin is inhibited by autophosphorylation of threonine within the calmodulin-binding domain.
abstract: It is now well established that autophosphorylation of a threonine residue located next to each calmodulin-binding domain in the subunits of type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase causes the kinase to remain active, although at a reduced rate, after Ca2+ is removed from the reaction. This autophosphorylated form of the kinase is still sensitive to Ca2+/calmodulin, which is required for a maximum catalytic rate. After removal of Ca2+, new sites are autophosphorylated by the partially active kinase. Autophosphorylation of these sites abolishes sensitivity of the kinase to Ca2+/calmodulin (Hashimoto, Y., Schworer, C. M., Colbran, R. J., and Soderling, T. R. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 8051-8055). We have identified two pairs of homologous residues, Thr305 and Ser314 in the alpha subunit and Thr306 and Ser315 in the beta subunit, that are autophosphorylated only after removal of Ca2+ from an autophosphorylation reaction. The sites were identified by direct sequencing of labeled tryptic phosphopeptides isolated by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Thr305-306 is rapidly dephosphorylated by purified protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, whereas Ser314-315 is resistant to dephosphorylation. We have shown by selective dephosphorylation that the presence of phosphate on Thr305-306 blocks sensitivity of the kinase to Ca2+/calmodulin. In contrast, the presence of phosphate on Ser314-315 is associated with an increase in the Kact for Ca2+/calmodulin of only about 2-fold, producing a relatively small decrease in sensitivity to Ca2+/calmodulin.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D010769:Phosphothreonine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D013912:Threonine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D014357:Trypsin
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010769:Phosphothreonine; D010768:Phosphoserine; D013912:Threonine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D014357:Trypsin; D002118:Calcium