title: Uncommon causes of intraventricular hemorrhage.
abstract: The advent of CT has lead to discovery of a wide variety of unusual causes of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and hence to the shifts in the proportional incidence of its different etiologies. From 96 patients with IVH, 7 uncommon cases of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) associated with IVH, including 2 due to anticoagulation treatment, 1 because of thrombolytic therapy, 1 due to thrombocytopenia, 2 as operative complications and 1 due to metastatic brain tumor are presented. In patients with blood disorders-related IVH the clinical presentation was similar to 'stroke in evolution', and the severity of IVH correlated with neurological deficit on admission and outcome of 3/4. All of the patients were treated with external ventricular drainage (EVD), 1 underwent partial evacuation of ICH in addition. 4 (57%) patients, including 3 with coagulation defect deceased. The peculiar aspects of uncommon causes of IVH are discussed on the basis of a review of the literature. The authors suggest that a standardized differentiated protocol should be adopted for the management of every uncommon type of IVH. An active attitude towards the evacuation of blood disorders-related ICHs and IVHs seems to be justified.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Dept., Free University of Berlin, FRG.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Taheri
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lewko
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles; D005260:Female; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged