title: Clinical significance of implantation metastases after surgical treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: Cytologic examination of bile obtained during surgery from intrahepatic bile ducts in patients with malignant proximal bile duct obstruction has shown a high incidence of tumor cells. Spill of bile occurs frequently during these operations and postoperative bile leakage often occurs. Typical implantation metastases were detected in three patients who underwent resective surgery for bile duct cancer. In addition, peritoneal spread of bile duct carcinoma was found on postmortem examination in seven of ten patients who died 6 to 27 months after resection of the hilar tumor. A relation between tumor-positive bile cytologic findings, tumor spill, and seeding during surgery is likely to exist. It is recommended that during surgery the utmost care should be taken to prevent spill of bile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Verbeek
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Van der Heyde
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramsoekh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosma
mesh_terms: D002759:Adenoma, Bile Duct / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D001646:Bile / Q000166:cytology; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*