title: Detection of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA sequences in oral mucosa of HIV-infected patients by the polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was analyzed in 21 oral biopsy specimens of HIV-infected patients using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Biopsies were categorized as hairy leukoplakia (HL) (n = 12), candidiasis (n = 3), oral warts (n = 2), and clinically normal epithelium (n = 4). For HPV detection a modified general primer-mediated PCR method (GP-PCR), which detects a broad spectrum of HPV genotypes at sub-picogram levels, was used. Human papillomavirus DNA was only found in two oral warts and was identified as HPV type 32. Epstein-Barr virus DNA was detected in 16 biopsy specimens, including the 12 HLs, 2 cases of candidiasis, and 2 samples of normal epithelium. Epstein-Barr virus positivity in HL could be confirmed by Southern blot analysis and DNA in situ hybridization using biotinylated DNA probes (bio-DISH). Epstein-Barr virus bio-DISH was also positive in one sample of normal epithelium from a patient with HL. The results indicate that HL is strongly associated with EBV and not with any of the common HPV types that react with general HPV primers in the PCR. However the detection of EBV in normal oral epithelium by PCR and bio-DISH suggests that the presence of this virus is not exclusively related to HL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Snijders
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Schulten
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mullink
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: ten Kate
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiwa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van der Waal
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Walboomers
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005784:Gene Amplification; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral