title: Retinoic acid inhibition of human melanoma cell invasion through a reconstituted basement membrane and its relation to decreases in the expression of proteolytic enzymes and motility factor receptor.
abstract: Treatment of four A375 human melanoma sublines (A375, A375P, A375P-5, A375M), exhibiting distinct metastatic potentials in vivo, with beta-all-trans-retinoic acid in vitro caused a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of the ability of these cells to penetrate Matrigel-coated filters using a reconstituted basement membrane invasion assay. The possible mechanisms of action responsible for the antiinvasive effect were further investigated, and the data showed that compared with untreated cells the retinoic acid-treated cells: (a) secreted lower levels of collagenolytic enzymes, as demonstrated by a decreased ability of the cells to degrade [3H]proline-labeled type IV collagen substrate and by a reduction in the activity of a secreted Mr 64,000 collagenolytic enzyme detected in type IV collagen-containing polyacrylamide gels; (b) expressed lower levels of the human type IV collagenase mRNA (except in the A375P cells), as detected by Northern blot analysis; (c) exhibited decreased levels of tissue plasminogen activator activity, as demonstrated by a chromogenic assay; (d) were 10-40% less adhesive to a reconstituted basement membrane matrix, as determined by a 60-min Na2(51)CrO4-labeled cell attachment assay; (e) exhibited an increase in the high affinity metastasis-associated cell surface laminin receptor, as determined by flow cytometry after binding of fluorescently labeled laminin receptor antibody; and (f) expressed decreased amounts of gp78, a cell surface receptor for motility factor, demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Collectively, these data suggest that retinoic acid inhibits tumor cell invasion through a basement membrane-like matrix by suppressing matrix degradation and by altering cell surface receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hendrix
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Seftor
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lotan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Misiorowski
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Seftor
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Stetler-Stevenson
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bevacqua
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Liotta
mesh_terms: D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000032:analysis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D003012:Microbial Collagenase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000032:analysis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000032:analysis*; D017474:Receptors, Laminin; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D017474:Receptors, Laminin; D014212:Tretinoin; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D003012:Microbial Collagenase