title: In vivo and in vitro methods for evaluating airways inflammation: implications for respiratory toxicology.
abstract: The lung is frequently the target of injury for toxic exposures. Often these exposures lead to significant disease. Assessment of toxic exposures to the lung, however, may be made using both in vitro and in vivo methods. Recent advances in respiratory cell biology have made possible in vitro analyses of the interactions between airway cells and potential toxins. In addition, the lung can be sampled in vivo using bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. This opens up the possibility of assessing potential toxins prior to the development of clinically significant disease. Together, these advancing methodologies promise new potential for the assessment and evaluation of toxic exposures to the lung.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68105-1065.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Rennard
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Daughton
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Von Essen
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000473:pathology; D046508:Culture Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants