title: Origin of osteoclasts: mature monocytes and macrophages are capable of differentiating into osteoclasts under a suitable microenvironment prepared by bone marrow-derived stromal cells.
abstract: We previously reported that osteoclast-like cells were formed in cocultures of a mouse marrow-derived stromal cell line (ST2) with mouse spleen cells in the presence of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and dexamethasone. In this study, we developed a new coculture system to determine the origin of osteoclasts. When relatively small numbers of mononuclear cells (10(3)-10(5) cells per well) obtained from mouse bone marrow, spleen, thymus, or peripheral blood were cultured for 12 days on the ST2 cell layers, they formed colonies with a linear relationship between the number of colonies formed and the number of hemopoietic cells inoculated. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAPase)-positive mononuclear and multinucleated cells appeared in the colonies (TRAPase-positive colonies) in response to 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and dexamethasone. When hemopoietic cells suspended in a collagen-gel solution were cultured on the ST2 cell layers to prevent their movement, TRAPase-positive colonies were similarly formed, indicating that each colony originated from a single cell. All of the colonies consisted of nonspecific esterase-positive cells. The monocyte-depleted population prepared from peripheral blood failed to form colonies, whereas the monocyte-enriched population produced a large number of TRAPase-positive colonies. In addition, alveolar macrophages formed TRAPase-positive colonies most efficiently on the ST2 cell layers in the presence of the two hormones. Salmon 125I-labeled calcitonin specifically bound to the TRAPase-positive cells. Resorption lacunae were formed on dentine slices on which cocultures were performed. When direct contact between the peripheral blood cells and the ST2 cells was inhibited by a collagen-gel sheet, no TRAPase-positive cells were formed. These results indicate that osteoclasts are also derived from the mature monocytes and macrophages when a suitable microenvironment is provided by bone marrow-derived stromal cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Udagawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akatsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suda
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000502:physiology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology*; D018003:Receptors, Calcitonin; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D013644:Tartrates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018003:Receptors, Calcitonin; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D013644:Tartrates; D002116:Calcitonin; D000135:Acid Phosphatase