title: Effects of diltiazem on renin-aldosterone and ACTH-adrenocortical function during upper abdominal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effects of continuous intravenous infusion of diltiazem on the renin-aldosterone system and ACTH-adrenocortical axis responses during surgical stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized study of intravenous diltiazem.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating room at the Hyogo Medical College Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery were divided into two groups: the control group (n = 10) and the diltiazem group (n = 13). All the patients were without any complications and classified as ASA physical status I.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients in the diltiazem group received an infusion of 10 micrograms/kg/min for 90 to 120 minutes following skin incision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, plasma aldosterone and cortisol concentrations, and plasma renin activity were determined with radioimmunoassay before the induction of anesthesia at 10, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after skin incision and at the end of anesthesia. Renin activity did not change significantly. Maximal increases in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, aldosterone, and cortisol observed 90 minutes after skin incision were 355 +/- 95 pg/ml, 118 +/- 30 pg/ml, and 14.2 +/- 2.3 micrograms/dl in the control group versus 246 +/- 41 pg/ml, 119 +/- 25 pg/ml, and 15.0 +/- 1.8 micrograms/dl in the diltiazem group, respectively, and there were no significant differences between these groups. Adrenocorticotropic hormone was significantly lower in the diltiazem group compared with that in the control group 60 minutes after the start of surgery (p less than 0.05). There was marked natriuresis (40 +/- 25 microEq/min vs 470 +/- 147 microEq/min at the 90-minute mark) and diuresis (0.16 +/- 0.13 ml/min vs 2.53 +/- 0.88 ml/min) in the diltiazem group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diltiazem at this dose increased urine output and sodium excretion without affecting most of these hormonal responses to surgical stimulation. These findings suggest that diltiazem has beneficial renal effects independent of hormonal concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okutani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Philbin
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000302:Adrenal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects*; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D013997:Time Factors; D014556:Urine / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000450:Aldosterone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D012964:Sodium; D012083:Renin; D004110:Diltiazem; D011188:Potassium; D006854:Hydrocortisone