title: The bovine pituitary-adrenocortical axis and milk yield.
abstract: A review is given of the available literature concerning the relationship between the bovine pituitary-adrenocortical axis and milk yield in dairy cattle. A severe drop in milk yield (more than 50%) can be induced by a single or repeated intramuscular injection of at least 200 IU ACTH or by a single intramuscular injection of 14.6 mg dexamethasone. Sixty minutes after an intravenous injection, both 200 IU ACTH and 100 mg cortisol are equivalent to a plasma cortisol concentration of at least 31 ng/ml. Thus the decrease in milk yield after an intramuscular injection of more than 200 IU ACTH can hardly be induced by cortisol only. The fact that bovine plasma hardly binds any dexamethasone, in sharp contrast with bovine mammary epithelial tissue, is a possible explanation of the special part which dexamethasone plays in milk yield.
authors.affiliation: Department for Large Animal Medicine and Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van der Kolk
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000032:analysis; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000502:physiology*; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; C029360:hydrocortisone receptor; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone