title: Mixed gonadal dysgenesis. A review of 15 patients reporting single cases of malignant intratubular germ cell neoplasia of the testis, endometrial adenocarcinoma, and a complex vascular anomaly.
abstract: The clinicopathologic features of 15 patients with mixed gonadal dysgenesis are presented with special regard to cardiovascular and neoplastic disease. Seven (47%) cases, all phenotypic females, had gonadal tumors: gonadoblastoma (5), germinoma (4), malignant intratubular germ cell neoplasia (1), and a unique gonadal stromal tumor (1). Gonadoblastoma was found in 4 of 10 testes and 4 of 17 streak gonads, and associated with germinoma in 4 cases. One patient developed grade 1 endometrial adenocarcinoma after estrogen therapy. Cardiovascular diseases (ie, bicuspid aortic valve, and a unique right aortic arch with a retroesophageal arch segment, aberrant left subclavian artery, coarctation, and dissection) are documented in our series. At the time of diagnosis of mixed gonadal dysgenesis, removal of streak gonads or testes will prevent further gonadal tumor development Cardiovascular examination may identify treatable and potentially lethal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44106.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000002:abnormalities*; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006059:Gonadal Dysgenesis / Q000473:pathology*; D006060:Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007621:Karyotyping; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*