title: Staphylococcus aureus ventriculitis treated with single-dose intraventricular vancomycin or daptomycin (LY146032): bacterial and antibiotic kinetics in hydrocephalic rabbits.
abstract: Vancomycin and a new antibiotic, daptomycin (LY146032), were tested in vitro and in vivo against Staphylococcus aureus. In vivo tests were performed with rabbits with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus. Five groups of rabbits were studied: untreated ventriculitis, intraventricular vancomycin only, and ventriculitis treated with intraventricular vancomycin (30 micrograms or 120 micrograms) or daptomycin (7.5 micrograms). Results of this study were as follows. (i) S. aureus demonstrated static growth in cerebrospinal fluid in vitro and in ventriculitis at a maximum titer of 10(5) to 10(6) CFU/ml. (ii) In vitro time kill curves in cerebrospinal fluid matched those in vivo. (iii) Single-dose intraventricular vancomycin did not lower S. aureus concentrations over 8 h, whereas daptomycin did. (iv) Ventriculitis did not significantly alter the clearance of intraventricular vancomycin. (v) Intraventricular half-lives were approximately 2.8 h (maximum) for vancomycin and 4.5 h for daptomycin. (vi) Vancomycin was detectable in the periventricular white matter only in the presence of ventriculitis. Daptomycin was also detectable in the periventricular white matter of rabbits with ventriculitis, but in amounts too small to quantitate. We concluded that daptomycin achieved greater bactericidal activity, more rapid killing kinetics, and a longer half-life in the ventricle than vancomycin did in this model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Haworth
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Sobieski
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Scheld
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles; D017576:Daptomycin; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011817:Rabbits; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D014640:Vancomycin; D017576:Daptomycin