title: Endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor activity production by equine peritoneal macrophages.
abstract: A study was performed to determine whether equine macrophages produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity in vitro in response to endotoxin and to study the effects of endotoxin concentration and incubation time on the amount of TNF produced. Equine peritoneal macrophages were isolated and cultured in vitro for 2, 6, 12, or 24 hr in tissue culture media containing 1) no additive (nonstimulated control), 2) endotoxin (0.5 ng/ml, 5 ng/ml, or 5 micrograms/ml), or 3) the calcium ionophore A23187 (0.95 microM). The supernatant media concentrations of TNF activity were determined by an in vitro cytotoxicity bioassay using the murine fibrosarcoma cell line WEHI 164 clone 13. At all incubation times, macrophages exposed to endotoxin produced significantly more TNF than did nonstimulated control cells (P less than 0.05). Among the three doses of endotoxin tested, there were no differences in concentrations of TNF activity in the supernatant media. The mean concentration of TNF activity in media from nonstimulated macrophages was significantly less after 24 hr incubation than after 2, 6 or 12 hr. Incubation time had no effect on TNF production by macrophages exposed to 0.5 ng/ml and 5 micrograms/ml endotoxin, but macrophages exposed to 5 ng/ml endotoxin produced significantly more TNF after 6 and 12 hr than after 2 hr. To address the reason for the decrease in TNF activity in media from nonstimulated macrophages over time, a second study was designed to determine the effect of incubation on the activity of TNF under tissue culture conditions. Human recombinant TNF was added to media that was incubated 2-24 hr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Tarleton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha