title: Painful ophthalmoplegia caused by neurotropic malignant melanoma.
abstract: Progressive cranial nerve palsies and painful ophthalmoplegia developed in a 76-year-old man with lentigo maligna of the forehead 18 months after the excision of a spindle cell tumour of the forehead that proved on immunohistochemical study to be a malignant melanoma. The signs and symptoms were caused by neurotropic spread of the malignant melanoma into the cavernous sinus and subsequent neurosarcomatous transformation of the orbital metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hufnagel
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Savino
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sergott
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D002426:Cavernous Sinus; D006801:Humans; D007911:Lentigo / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D009380:Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D009455:Neurofibroma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000209:etiology*; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed