title: Energy components of growth in Holstein steers fed formaldehyde- and formic acid-treated alfalfa or orchardgrass silages at equalized intakes of dry matter.
abstract: Energy retention was compared in Holstein steers fed either alfalfa or orchardgrass silages for 164 d at either 65 or 90 g DM/kg.75 BW daily in a 2 x 2 factorial. Energy retention was estimated by slaughter-balance using an initial kill of eight steers at 216 kg and a final kill of eight steers per treatment at 326 kg. The ADG was not affected (P greater than .05) by silage, but steers fed alfalfa gained less (P less than .001) gut fill (they lost gut fill) and gained more (P less than .001) of the following than steers fed orchardgrass: empty body, 23%; fat, 50%; fat-free matter, 18%; protein, 16%; water, 17%; ash, 43%; gross energy, 31%; and carbon, 38%. With retained energy at 1.15 Mcal/d, retained energy was equally distributed between fat and protein. Increments of daily retained energy greater than 1.15 Mcal were deposited as 76% to fat and 24% to protein; this distribution was not affected by silage. The energy requirement for maintenance, with BW adjusted to equal gut fill, was not different (P greater than .05) at 130 kcal ME/kg.75 BW for steers fed alfalfa vs 125 for steers fed orchardgrass. Although not significant (P greater than .05), retained energy/ME intake above maintenance was 13% greater for steers fed alfalfa (.261) than for steers fed orchardgrass (.230), which supports the difference observed by calorimetry. The difference in dietary protein (25.6 vs 20.5%) did not contribute to the difference in energy retention because the differences in fat and protein retention could be explained totally by differences in daily energy deposition. The higher NDF of orchardgrass, or other fiber components, seems to be the most probable cause of its somewhat lower partial energetic efficiency relative to alfalfa.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Waldo
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Huntington
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Glenn
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Tyrrell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005557:Formaldehyde; D005561:Formates; D008297:Male; D000455:Medicago sativa; D006109:Poaceae; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005561:Formates; C030544:formic acid; D005557:Formaldehyde