title: Temperature course in small volume [18O]water targets for [18F]F- production.
abstract: In order to understand the thermal processes occurring within a water target we carried out calculations of heat transfer of the beam energy absorbed from the target water to the target back wall, and compared them with the temperatures measured during irradiations. It was shown, by both the experimental results and the heat transfer calculations, that, at high beam currents, static small volume water targets have a working temperature at the boiling point of the target water. The heat transfer occurs only by movement of the water molecules generated by the boiling target water and not by heat conduction or free convection alone. There is no heat transfer arising from vaporization and reflux.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Sciences of the G.D.R., Central Institute of Nuclear Research Rossendorf, Dresden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinbach
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guenther
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loesel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grunwald
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mikecz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andó
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Szelecsényi
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Beyer
mesh_terms: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D009686:Nuclear Physics; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D014867:Water