title: Genes encoding tumor necrosis factor alpha and granzyme A are expressed during development of autoimmune diabetes.
abstract: Progressive destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in nonobese diabetic mice is observed after infiltration of the pancreas with lymphocytes [Makino, S., Kunimoto, K., Muraoka, Y., Mizushima, Y., Katagiri, K. & Tochino, Y. (1980) Exp. Anim. (Tokyo) 29, 1-13]. We show that the genes for tumor necrosis factor alpha and granzyme A, a serine protease associated with cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic cells, are expressed during the development of spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the nonobese diabetic mouse. Granzyme A-positive cells are found both in and surrounding the islets, implying induction prior to islet infiltration. Tumor necrosis factor alpha expression is exclusively observed in the intra-islet infiltrate, predominantly in lymphocytes adjacent to insulin-producing beta cells, the targets of the autoimmune destruction, implying that tumor necrosis factor alpha expression is induced locally--i.e., in the islet. A considerable portion of cells expressing tumor necrosis factor alpha appear to be CD4+ T cells. This T-cell subset was previously shown to be necessary for development of the disease. Thus, these findings may be important for understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes mellitus and potentially also for that of other T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Held
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D015342:DNA Probes; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005796:Genes; D053804:Granzymes; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D007328:Insulin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D053804:Granzymes; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases