title: Comparative study of d-diltiazem and its analogues as calcium antagonists in snail neurones.
abstract: The blocking effects of d-diltiazem, its metabolites, deacetyl-d-diltiazem (d-M1), deacetyl-N-demethyl-d-diltiazem (d-M2), deacetyl-O-demethyl-d-diltiazem (d-M4) and deacetyl-N, O-demethyl-d-diltiazem (d-M6) and 1-diltiazem were investigated on the voltage-gated calcium current (ICa) of an Achatina neurone. Based on the IC50 values, the order of potency was: d-diltiazem (0.426 mM), d-M2 (0.456), d-M1 (0.491), 1-diltiazem (0.759) greater than d-M4 (1.212) greater than d-M6 (greater than 2.000). Assuming that the IC50 reflects the KD for resting Ca2+ channels (Kr), steady state activation studies gave KD values for the inactivated channels (Ki) and Kr/Ki ratios of 0.122 mM (Ki) and 3.52 (Kr/Ki) (d-diltiazem), 0.112 and 6.98 (1-diltiazem), 0.083 and 6.07 (d-M1) and 0.156 and 2.97 (d-M2). All drugs tested showed a certain degree of voltage-dependence. The further percentage reduction in the normalized ICa after high frequency stimulation demonstrated the use-dependence of: 1-diltiazem (27.5%), d-diltiazem (26.3) greater than d-M2 (19.2) greater than d-M1 (16.7) greater than d-M6 (9.8). The voltage- and use-dependence of these drugs are consistent with their Ca2+ antagonistic properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Novales-Li
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D012908:Snails / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D004110:Diltiazem