title: Dose requirements and plasma concentrations of pipecuronium during bilateral renal exclusion and orthotopic liver transplantation in pigs.
abstract: We have studied five pigs undergoing bilateral clamping of the renal pedicles, seven pigs undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation and three control animals without surgery in order to examine the roles of the kidney and liver in the plasma clearance of pipecuronium. An i.v. infusion of pipecuronium was controlled to maintain a constant 90-95% twitch depression throughout the investigation. The right sciatic nerve was stimulated continuously with supramaximal stimuli at 0.1 Hz and the force of the corresponding evoked isometric muscle contraction was recorded continuously. Control pigs needed an infusion rate of pipecuronium 8-10.7 micrograms kg-1 min-1. In the renal group, it was necessary to reduce the infusion rate of pipe-curonium by about 25% after clamping both renal vascular pedicles (P less than 0.05 compared with controls); in pigs undergoing liver transplantation, it was necessary to reduce the rate by approximately 80% after clamping hepatic vessels (P less than 0.05 compared with controls and from the period after clamping of renal vessels). After hepatic recirculation, the infusion rate of pipecuronium was increased progressively to a rate which corresponded to 50% of baseline values (P less than 0.05 compared with the anhepatic phase and from controls). Plasma concentrations of pipecuronium were comparable in the three animal groups and did not change significantly during the study. These data suggest that the liver plays a more important role than the kidney in the plasma clearance of pipecuronium in pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pittet
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tassonyi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schopfer
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Morel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leemann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mentha
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Coultre
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Steinig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benakis
mesh_terms: D015113:Androstane-3,17-diol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017300:Pipecuronium; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D017300:Pipecuronium; D015113:Androstane-3,17-diol