title: Cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide induces panic attacks in patients with panic disorder.
abstract: Cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide (CCK-4) and placebo were injected to 11 panic disorder patients. CCK-4 induced a panic attack identical to spontaneous panic attacks in all patients; placebo did not induce any attacks. The role of CCK-4 in anxiety disorders is discussed.
authors.affiliation: McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bradwejn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koszycki
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meterissian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005755:Gastrins; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010200:Panic / Q000187:drug effects*; D013758:Tetragastrin
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins; D013758:Tetragastrin