Evaluation of the efficacy of dimercapto chelating agents for the treatment of systemic organic arsenic poisoning in rabbits.
1 The standard drug for the treatment of arsenic poisoning is BAL (dimercaprol). BAL possesses marked side-effects and a low safety ratio, drawbacks which new BAL analogues, DMPS and DMSA, do not possess. 2 The efficacy of three chelating agents, BAL, DMPS and DMSA, has been evaluated as a treatment for systemic organic arsenic poisoning, induced by intravenous dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine (lewisite) administration to rabbits. Equimolar dosing schedules were used based upon realistic doses for the most toxic agent, BAL. 3 It was concluded that all three dimercapto chelating agents provided significant protection against the lethal systemic effects of lewisite, and, under the test conditions reported here, there was no significant difference between them in therapeutic efficacy. 4 The cause of mortality following intravenous lewisite in treated and untreated rabbits was pulmonary damage. 5 It is considered that DMPS and DMSA are worthy of further study as replacements for BAL in the treatment of systemic poisoning by lewisite.
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Medical Division, Chemical Defence Establishment, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK.
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Bright
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D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity; D020261:Arsenic Poisoning; D001152:Arsenicals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004112:Dimercaprol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000473:pathology; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D004113:Succimer / Q000494:pharmacology; D014494:Unithiol / Q000494:pharmacology
D001152:Arsenicals; D002614:Chelating Agents; D004112:Dimercaprol; C035965:lewisite; D014494:Unithiol; D004113:Succimer; D001151:Arsenic