title: pKa values and partition coefficients of nitroxide spin probes for membrane bioenergetics measurements.
abstract: Knowledge of pKa's is necessary to calculate intracellular/intravesicular pH values from nitroxide accumulation in cells or vesicles as detected with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. pKa values were confirmed in lipid vesicles of known internal pH. To help select probes that do not accumulate in lipid membranes, octanol/buffer partition coefficients of uncharged nitroxides were determined. As an application of selected probes, pH gradients and internal aqueous volumes were analyzed in mitochondria (one internal compartment) and in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6311 (two internal compartments). The combination of 3-carboxy-, 3-amino- and 3-aminocarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-yloxyl was found to be most satisfactory for determinations of internal pH and volumes.
authors.affiliation: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California Berkeley 97420.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Nitschmann
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Packer
authors.forename: O H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Hankovszky
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hideg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008566:Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D051381:Rats; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D013113:Spin Labels