title: Synthesis and evaluation of N-substituted cis-N-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexylamines as high affinity sigma receptor ligands. Identification of a new class of highly potent and selective sigma receptor probes.
abstract: Certain benzeneacetamides [(-)- and (+)-cis-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) cyclohexyl]benzeneacetamide] were recently reported to be potent sigma receptor ligands. In order to determine whether efficacy for the sigma receptor could be improved, a series of compounds related to the benzeneacetamides, N-substituted cis-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-N-methylcyclohexylamines, were synthesized and their structure-activity requirements were determined. The compounds were synthesized by starting with the previously reported (+/-)-, 1S,2R-(+)-, and 1R,2S-(-)-cis-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-N-methylcyclohexylamines. Analysis of sigma ([3H](+)-3-PPP), kappa ([3H]bremazocine and [3H]U69,593), dopamine-d2 ([3H](-)-sulpiride), and phencyclidine (PCP) ([3H]TCP) receptor binding in guinea pig brain revealed a number of highly potent and selective sigma receptor ligands. Notably, 1S,2R-cis-(-)-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]-(2-naphthyl) acetamide [(-)-29] (Ki = 8.66 +/- 0.35 nM), (+/-)-cis-2-amino-4,5-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl] benzeneacetamide [(+/-)-17] (Ki = 11 +/- 3 nM), 1S,2R-(-)-cis-N-methyl-N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl ) cyclohexylamine [(-)-44] (Ki = 1.3 +/- 0.3 nM), and 1R,2S-(+)-cis-N-methyl-N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl ) cyclohexylamine. [(+)-44] (Ki = 6 +/- 3 nM) exhibited very high affinity at sigma receptors, by displacement of [3H]-(+)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(1-propyl)piperidine [( 3H]-(+)-3-PPP). These compounds showed insignificant affinity for kappa, dopamine, or PCP receptors, making them valuable tools for the study of sigma receptors. Furthermore, these compounds also exhibited enantioselectivity ranging from 5-fold for (+)- and (-)-44 to 160-fold for (+)- and (-)-29. Several other compounds showed equivalent selectivity but displayed lower sigma receptor affinity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: de Costa
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thurkauf
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Band
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Radesca
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044482:Benzeneacetamides; D001575:Benzomorphans / Q000378:metabolism; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000378:metabolism; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism*; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D017478:Receptors, Phencyclidine; D017480:Receptors, sigma; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D044482:Benzeneacetamides; D001575:Benzomorphans; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D011758:Pyrroles; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D017478:Receptors, Phencyclidine; D017480:Receptors, sigma; C027248:bremazocine; C045444:U 69593