title: Chronic benzodiazepine administration. VI. A partial agonist produces behavioral effects without tolerance or receptor alterations.
abstract: Chronic benzodiazepine administration has been reported to lead to behavioral tolerance and, in some cases, downregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA)-receptor binding and function. So-called "partial agonist" benzodiazepines appear to cause limited benzodiazepine effects and little or no behavioral tolerance. To evaluate behavioral and neurochemical effects of a partial agonist during chronic administration, we treated mice with Ro16-6028, 0.25, 1 and 4 mg/kg/day by implanted osmotic pumps, evaluating open-field activity and binding and function at the GABAA receptor. All three doses of Ro16-6028 caused dose-dependent decreases in vertical movements (rearing), and no tolerance was observed up to 14 days at any dose. In contrast, tolerance occurred to the effects of clonazepam at 7 days. Benzodiazepine receptor occupancy was essentially complete in all brain regions evaluated at doses of 1 and 4 mg/kg/day. Benzodiazepine binding in vivo at 0.25 mg/kg/day was transiently decreased in cortex at 7 days but was unchanged in any other brain region. Benzodiazepine binding in cortex in vitro was unchanged over time at any of the three doses, as were t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding and binding at the low- and high-affinity GABA sites measured by [3H]SR-95531. GABAA receptor function as determined by muscimol-stimulated chloride uptake was unchanged over 14 days of administration at Ro16-6028 doses of 0.25 and 4 mg/kg/day. Concentrations of Ro16-6028 were constant during administration at 1 and 4 mg/kg/day. These data indicate that chronic Ro16-6028 causes dose-dependent behavioral effects without the development of tolerance and that, despite substantial or complete benzodiazepine receptor occupancy, few effects occur at the GABAA receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Galpern
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Greenblatt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lumpkin
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Shader
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000378:metabolism; D001570:Benzodiazepinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000378:metabolism; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001570:Benzodiazepinones; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D002712:Chlorides; D011724:Pyridazines; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D001569:Benzodiazepines; C037476:tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate; C049853:gabazine; C054626:bretazenil