title: Studies on the evaluation of feed protein for ruminants. 1. Passage of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cows fed different protein and carbohydrate sources.
abstract: The duodenal passages of non-ammonia nitrogen (NAN), amino acid N (AA-N) and microbial N (MN) were measured in seven duodenal fistulated dairy cows (6130 kg FCM/305 d) during lactation receiving 30 different rations similar to those used in dairy practice. The rations consisted of roughage (protein-rich silages, hay) and concentrate mixture (corn, barley, oat) in a ratio of 60:40 on a DM basis or roughage/concentrate mixture/fodder beets in the proportions 60:20:20 or 60:0:40 respectively. N supplements consisted of soya bean meal and peas meal (untreated or treated with formaldehyde in each case), rapeseed meal, fish meal and urea. DM intake varied between 9.6 and 19.1 kg/d, the crude fibre content between 166 and 270 g/kg DM, the crude protein (CP) content between 111 and 184 g/kg DM, the AA content (N basis) of the CP between 51 and 82%, the unfermentable CP content of the CP between 23 and 49% and the organic matter digestibility between 70 and 79%. The duodenal passage of NAN was 24.2 +/- 2.7 g/kg DM intake, 34.9 +/- 4.1 g/kg apparently digestible organic matter (in total tract, DOM), 43.3 +/- 5.5 g/kg apparently digestible carbohydrates or 4.2 +/- 0.5 g/MJ net energy fat, (y +/- s, n = 90). The value measured for AA-N was 16.8 +/- 2.9 g/kg DM intake, and that for RNA-labelled microbial CP was 146 +/- 26 g/kg DOM. NAN passage (g/kg DM intake) correlated more closely with the duodenal digesta flow rate (DFR) (kg digesta/kg DM intake) as an intrinsic animal factor (r = 0.78) and with the rumen content dilution rate (RDR) (passage of microbial-free organic matter at duodenum/kg BW0.75.h) as a ration dependent factor (r = 0.64) than with the UDP fraction (% of ration CP) (r = 0.50) or other ration parameters. It was concluded that the specific effect of protein concentrates in mixed rations on duodenal NAN yields in lactating dairy cows is lower than hitherto assumed. The duodenal NAN yield of a single feedstuff or ration (g/kg DM) in cows is dependent on animal and feeding factors. The DFR could represents a suitable target for breeding activities.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the GDR, Research Centre of Animal Production Dummerstorf-Rostock, Division of Animal Nutrition Oskar Kellner.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piatkowski
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schönhusen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kreienbring
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krawielitzki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagel
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009584:Nitrogen