title: Ophthalmic manifestations of perineural spread of facial skin malignancy.
abstract: Facial skin malignancy, when complicated by perineural spread (PNS), can lead to devastating orbital, intracranial and paranasal sinus involvement, the management of which requires a multidisciplinary approach and which itself may be devastating. Adequate surgical excision with frozen section control, and specific inspection of histological specimens for perineural invasion, are essential to avoid this problem. This report presents four patients who manifested such involvement, and emphasises the importance of recognition of such ominous symptoms as facial pain, paraesthesiae and weakness. Thorough neuro-ophthalmic examination is mandatory to detect signs of nerve involvement which may indicate perineural spread both at the initial assessment of primary tumour and at suspected recurrence. In this series, the most common sensory and motor nerves affected were, respectively, single, small branches of the ophthalmic and facial nerves.
authors.affiliation: Concord Hospital, Sydney.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kos
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kneale
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003390:Cranial Nerve Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*; D005145:Face / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009380:Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed