title: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II increases glutamate and noradrenaline release from synaptosomes.
abstract: A variety of evidence indicates that calcium-dependent protein phosphorylation modulates the release of neurotransmitter from nerve terminals. For instance, the injection of rat calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (Ca2+/CaM-dependent PK II) into the preterminal digit of the squid giant synapse leads to an increase in the release of a so-far unidentified neurotransmitter induced by presynaptic depolarization. But until now, it has not been demonstrated that Ca2+/CaM-dependent PK II can also regulate neurotransmitter release in the vertebrate nervous system. Here we report that the introduction of Ca2+/CaM-dependent PK II, autoactivated by thiophosphorylation, into rat brain synaptosomes (isolated nerve terminals) increases the initial rate of induced release of two neurotransmitters, glutamate and noradrenaline. We also show that introduction of a selective peptidergic inhibitor of Ca2+/CaM-dependent PK II inhibits the initial rate of induced glutamate release. These results support the hypothesis that activation of Ca2+/CaM-dependent PK II in the nerve terminal removes a constraint on neurotransmitter release.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Sihra
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Czernik
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Nairn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Greengard
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D005971:Glutamates / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005971:Glutamates; D010710:Phosphates; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D009638:Norepinephrine