title: KN-62, 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazi ne, a specific inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.
abstract: 1-[N,O-Bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpipera zine (KN-62), a selective inhibitor of rat brain Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (Ca2+/CaM kinase II) was synthesized and its inhibitory properties in vitro and in vivo were investigated. KN-62 inhibited phosphorylation of exogenous substrate (chicken gizzard myosin 20-kDa light chain) by Ca2+/CaM kinase II with Ki value of 0.9 microM, but no significant effect up to 100 microM on activities of chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase, rabbit brain protein kinase C, and bovine heart cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II. KN-62 also inhibited the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent autophosphorylation of both alpha (50 kDa) and beta (60 kDa) subunits of Ca2+/CaM kinase II dose dependently in the presence or absence of exogenous substrate. Kinetic analysis indicated that this inhibitory effect of KN-62 was competitive with respect to calmodulin. However, KN-62 did not inhibit the activity of autophosphorylated Ca2+/CaM kinase II. Moreover, Ca2+/CaM kinase II bound to a KN-62-coupled Sepharose 4B column, but calmodulin did not. These results suggest that KN-62 affects the interaction between calmodulin and Ca2+/CaM kinase II following inhibition of this kinase activity by directly binding to the calmodulin binding site of the enzyme but does not affect the calmodulin-independent activity of already autophosphorylated (activated) enzyme. We examined the effect of KN-62 on cultured PC12 D pheochromocytoma cells. KN-62 suppressed the A23187 (0.5 microM)-induced autophosphorylation of the 53-kDa subunit of Ca2+/CaM kinase in PC12 D cells, which was immunoprecipitated with anti-rat forebrain Ca2+/CaM kinase II polypeptides antibodies coupled to Sepharose 4B, thereby suggesting that KN-62 could inhibit the Ca2+/CaM kinase II activity in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tokumitsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chijiwa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terasawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hidaka
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D005895:Gizzard, Avian / Q000032:analysis; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D009218:Myosins / Q000378:metabolism; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000201:enzymology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D007546:Isoquinolines; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D000001:Calcimycin; C063302:KN 62; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011494:Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase; D009218:Myosins