An insulin response element in the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene binds a nuclear protein induced by insulin in cultured cells and by nutritional manipulations in vivo.
Two independent cis-acting insulin response elements (IREs) in the gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12], designated IRE-A and IRE-B, are sufficient to direct insulin-inducible gene expression. Using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, a 4-fold increase in the amount of IRE-A DNA bound to nuclear proteins was detected when extracts isolated from insulin-stimulated differentiated 3T3-L1 cells or from the liver of rats refed a high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet after a 72-hr fast were compared to control nuclear extracts. The points of contact between protein and IRE-A DNA may represent a sequence recognized by at least one class of insulin-sensitive transcription factor(s).
Nasrin
N
N
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114.
Ercolani
L
L
Denaro
M
M
Kong
X F
XF
Kang
I
I
Alexander
M
M
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D010957:Plasmids; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats
D007328:Insulin; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases