title: Calcium- versus G protein-mediated phosphoinositide. Hydrolysis in rat cerebral cortical synaptoneurosomes.
abstract: The role of calcium and sodium in stimulating phosphoinositide hydrolysis in brain was investigated in rat cerebral cortical synaptoneurosomes. In buffer containing 136 mM sodium and various concentrations of added calcium (0-1.0 mM), basal, potassium-stimulated, and norepinephrine-stimulated formation of 3H-inositol phosphates decreased with decreasing extracellular calcium. Potassium- and norepinephrine-stimulated formation of 3H-inositol phosphates was reduced to basal levels by addition of EGTA. Isosmotically replacing sodium with choline chloride or N-methyl-D-glucamine to disrupt Na+/Ca2+ exchange resulted in a large increase in the formation of 3H-inositol phosphates. Measurement of cytosolic calcium with fura-2 revealed that the cytosolic calcium concentration was sensitive to changes in the extracellular calcium concentration and increased on resuspension of synaptoneurosomes in sodium-free rather than sodium-containing medium. In the absence of sodium, potassium-stimulated formation of 3H-inositol phosphates was reduced or eliminated, depending on the extracellular calcium concentration. Subtraction of basal formation of 3H-inositol phosphates from that in the presence of 1 mM carbachol or 100 microM norepinephrine revealed that the carbachol-stimulated component was the same in the presence and absence of sodium, whereas the norepinephrine-stimulated component was reduced in the absence of sodium. Addition of the protein kinase C activator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate inhibited norepinephrine- and, to a lesser extent, carbachol but not basal or aluminum fluoride-stimulated formation of 3H-inositol phosphates in sodium-free medium. These results suggest that an increase in intracellular calcium, via disruption of Na+/Ca2+ exchange or depolarization-induced calcium influx, may explain previous demonstrations that agents that stimulate Na+ influx can also stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Crews
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D002217:Carbachol; D012964:Sodium; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium; D009638:Norepinephrine