title: Nonvisualized gallbladder on oral cholecystography: implications for lithotripsy.
abstract: Currently, most protocols evaluating the efficacy of gallstone lithotripsy require a visualized gallbladder on oral cholecystography (OCG). The primary purpose of the OCG is to establish that the cystic duct is patent. When the gallbladder is visualized on OCG, it can also be used to number and size gallstones accurately. Patients with non-visualization of the gallbladder on OCG are excluded from consideration for lithotripsy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the ultrasonographic findings (i.e., number and sizes of stones in 32 patients with nonvisualization on the OCG). In 11 patients (34%) ultrasound (US) did not detect any stone, and it is presumed that the gallbladder failed to visualize for other reasons. Six patients (19%) had one or two stones and 15 (47%) patients had more than three stones. This suggests that 20% of patients with nonvisualization of the gallbladder on OCG would otherwise be eligible for lithotripsy provided that patency of the cystic duct can be demonstrated by other means, such as computed tomographic (CT) examination with oral biliary contrast or cholescintigraphy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ekberg
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Malet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arger
mesh_terms: D002765:Cholecystography / Q000379:methods; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography