title: Effects of yohimbine on bradycardia and duration of recumbency in ketamine/xylazine anesthetized ferrets.
abstract: Eleven adult ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg, IM) and xylazine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg, IM). Fifteen minutes post-ketamine/xylazine injection, ferrets were treated with yohimbine hydrochloride at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, or an equal volume of physiologic saline, intramuscularly. Each ferret served as its own control by randomly receiving both treatments with a minimum interval of 2 weeks between treatments on any one ferret. At 15 minutes post-ketamine/xylazine injection, mean heart rate measurements for both treatment groups were 27% less than the mean heart rate measurement reported for unanesthetized ferrets. Intramuscular administration of yohimbine antagonized the ketamine/xylazine induced bradycardia in 10 of the 11 ferrets, (p = 0.0001). In yohimbine treated ferrets, an increase in mean heart rate measurement was noted 5 minutes after the intramuscular administration of yohimbine, and followed, over the next 15 minutes, by a progressive increase in mean heart rate. However, a corresponding decrease in mean heart rate measurement was observed in saline treated controls. Fifteen minutes after the injection of yohimbine, the mean heart rate measurement of yohimbine treated animals had increased to 194 beats per minute. This mean heart rate measurement is nearly 30% greater than the mean heart rate of 150 beats per minute measured at 15 minutes post-saline injection in saline treated controls. Also, yohimbine treatment significantly reduced duration of recumbency in 10 of 11 ferrets (p = 0.0001). Mean duration of recumbency for yohimbine treated ferrets was 41 +/- 9.7 minutes, whereas mean duration of recumbency for saline treated ferrets was determined to be 80 +/- 11.4 minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sylvina
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002335:Carnivora / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005289:Ferrets / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007649:Ketamine; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D013843:Thiazines; D013997:Time Factors; D014991:Xylazine; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013843:Thiazines; D014991:Xylazine; D015016:Yohimbine; D007649:Ketamine