The immunogenicity of the Oka/Merck varicella vaccine in relation to infectious varicella-zoster virus and relative viral antigen content.
Humoral and cellular immune responses to whole varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antigen and to the VZV glycoprotein I (gpI) and immediate early protein (IE-62) were compared in two populations of healthy children who received different lots of the Oka/Merck varicella vaccine. Children who were given vaccine containing 950 pfu with a relative antigen content of 1.0 (lot C-K472) per dose, in an earlier protocol, had an initial seroconversion rate of 87% but VZV cell-mediated immunity was diminished at 8 weeks and 1 year after immunization. At 1 year, the percentage of vaccinees with T lymphocyte proliferation to whole VZV, gpI, or IE-62 was 98%, 77%, and 83% for recipients of the 1140 pfu/1.7 relative antigen or 1145 pfu/1.6 relative antigen content vaccines compared with 43%, 40%, and 40% among those given the vaccine with 950 pfu/1.0 relative antigen content. Since the more immunogenic vaccines contained 1.5-2.0 times more viral antigen and only 20% more infectious virus, viral antigen content may affect the immunogenicity of the varicella vaccine, particularly as reflected in the cell-mediated immune response. The current vaccine preparations elicited cellular and humoral immune responses to whole VZV antigen and memory T lymphocytes specific for major viral proteins that were detectable 1 year after immunization.
Bergen
R E
RE
Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.
Diaz
P S
PS
Arvin
A M
AM
D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D019433:Chickenpox Vaccine; D002648:Child; D014645:Herpesvirus 3, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D019433:Chickenpox Vaccine; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C056913:glycoprotein E, varicella-zoster virus