Hydrogen peroxide is the most toxic oxygen species for Onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae.
The toxicity of the active oxygen species hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen to microfilariae (mf) has been studied in vitro, using active oxygen-generating systems and scavengers/inhibitors. Mf viability was monitored by uptake of the radiolabel, [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose. Hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen, but not superoxide radical or hydroxyl radical, are toxic for mf. Hydrogen peroxide was toxic for mf within 2 h at concentrations as low as 5 microM, an amount eosinophils have been shown to release in vitro (Weiss et al. 1986). Catalase and thiourea, but not inactivated catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), singlet oxygen scavengers, or hydroxyl radical scavengers, protected mf. Mf have relatively high levels of endogenous SOD but no measurable glutathione peroxidase and low levels of catalase when compared with other parasites (Callahan, Crouch & James, 1988). The low levels of hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzymes correlate well with mf sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and the protective effect of exogenous catalase.
Callahan
H L
HL
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425.
Crouch
R K
RK
James
E R
ER
D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D008842:Microfilariae / Q000187:drug effects; D009854:Onchocerca / Q000187:drug effects*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology; D012395:Rose Bengal / Q000494:pharmacology; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013890:Thiourea / Q000378:metabolism; D019820:Xanthine; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000494:pharmacology; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
D006878:Hydroxides; D014970:Xanthines; D013481:Superoxides; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D019820:Xanthine; D012395:Rose Bengal; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D013890:Thiourea; D010100:Oxygen