Dietary patterns of women smokers and non-smokers.
The 1-day food intakes of 1,338 women, aged 19 to 50, who were respondents in the 1985 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals, were studied. The energy, nutrient, and food intake patterns of smokers, those how had quit smoking, and those who had never smoked cigarettes were compared. Mean energy intakes of smokers (1,627 kcal), those who had never smoked (1,620 kcal), and those who had quit at least 1 year before the interview (1,719 kcal) were not significantly different. Self-reported body weight was significantly different between never-smokers and smokers (p less than .01) and quitters (p less than .05) only for the oldest category of women (ages 41 to 50 years). The consumption of fruits (p less than .001) and vegetables (p less than .01) was significantly lower and the intake of eggs (p less than .01), sugars (p less than .001), regular carbonated soft drinks (p less than .01), coffee (p less than .001), and alcoholic beverages (p less than .001) was significantly higher for women smokers than for non-smokers. After controlling through regression analysis for physical activity, health status, and demographic characteristics, we found that smokers, compared with never-smokers, had significantly lower protein (p less than .04), dietary fiber (p less than .001), vitamin C (p less than .001), and thiamin (p less than .01) intakes and higher cholesterol (p less than .02) intakes per 1,000 kcal.
Larkin
F A
FA
School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.
Basiotis
P P
PP
Riddick
H A
HA
Sykes
K E
KE
Pao
E M
EM
D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D001835:Body Weight; D002182:Candy; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015930:Diet Records; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004435:Eating; D004522:Educational Status; D004531:Eggs; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014675:Vegetables
D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins