title: A model for evaluation of gas exchange: mouth to mouth ventilation of infants by emergency medical technicians.
abstract: We describe a model for evaluating techniques of infant ventilation during resuscitation. The utility of the model is illustrated by testing performance of emergency medical technicians in mouth to mouth ventilation of a model 4 kg infant. Ventilation was generally adequate with mean (+/- S.D.) frequency 22 +/- 9 breaths per minute and tidal volume 40 +/- 13 ml. Gas delivered to the model consisted of PICO2 7 +/- 6 mmHg and FIO2 0.20 +/- 0.007. Assuming normal metabolic rate and respiratory dead space, alveolar gas composition resulting from the simulated resuscitations would be PACO2 = 31 +/- 20 and PAO2 = 110 +/- 19 mmHg. Nine of ten rescuers would have achieved satisfactory PACO2 less than or equal to 50 and PAO2 greater than or equal to 100. However, the rescuers' exhaled oxygen concentration is not adequate to correct hypoxemia if associated with hypoventilation or a wide alveolar to arterial oxygen gradient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Syracuse 13210.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kanter
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Fordyce
mesh_terms: D004630:Emergencies; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008348:Manikins; D008954:Models, Biological; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis