title: Elevation of plasma thrombomodulin level in diabetic patients with early diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: Thrombomodulin (TM) is a membrane protein in the vascular endothelium, and it plays an important role as a cofactor in the thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C. It has also been found in human plasma; however, its clinical significance is not known. In this study, fasting plasma TM concentrations in 67 diabetic patients with different degrees of albuminuria (39 men aged 57 +/- 8 yr, 28 women aged 57 +/- 11 yr; means +/- SD) and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were investigated by use of a one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay, a new method developed by H.I. and others. As a screening, the patients were divided into three groups according to the first morning urinary concentrations of albumin: group 1, less than 30 micrograms/ml (normoalbuminuria); group 2, 30-140 micrograms/ml (microalbuminuria); group 3, greater than 140 micrograms/ml (clinical nephropathy). There was no significant difference in plasma TM level between the control group (17.7 +/- 3.7 ng/ml, n = 34) and group 1 (16.9 +/- 3.4 ng/ml, n = 30); however, plasma TM concentrations in group 2 (22.8 +/- 3.4 ng/ml, n = 22) and group 3 (29.6 +/- 6.1 ng/ml, n = 15) increased significantly compared with those in the control group and group 1, respectively. As a further investigation, three timed overnight urine collections were made. The patients were allocated to three groups according to their rates of albumin excretion: group I, less than 20 micrograms/min (normoalbuminuria); group II, 20-200 micrograms/min (microalbuminuria); group III greater than 200 micrograms/min (clinical nephropathy).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwashima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ooshima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiraishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazama
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Makino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000502:physiology; D003401:Creatine / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood*; D018179:Receptors, Thrombin
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018179:Receptors, Thrombin; D003401:Creatine