title: [The modification of injection pain and the incidence of thrombophlebitis following etomidate].
abstract: A prospective study with 161 patients was performed to investigate the effects of intravenous local anaesthetics on the pain of injection following etomidate injection. After placebo injection 56.6% of the patients reported on pain after etomidate, but only 29% after 20 mg lidocaine i.v. Lidocaine combined with venous congestives significantly reduced the incidence of pain to 3.35%. A dilution of etomidate with water (ratio 1:1) had a lower effect (17.6% incidence of pain). The rate of postoperative thrombophlebitis was lowest in the group with combined lidocaine with venous congestives at 7.4%, in opposition to a rate of 18% in the remaining groups. In comparison to a second contralateral venous cannula without applied etomidate the venous sequelae did not increase significantly.
authors.affiliation: Zentrale Abteilung für Anästhesiologie des Klinikums der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rühmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003250:Constriction; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005045:Etomidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014680:Veins
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; D005045:Etomidate
vernacular_title: Zur Beeinflussung des Injektionsschmerzes und der Thrombophlebitisrate nach Etomidate.