title: The relationship between charge movements associated with ICa and INa-Ca in cardiac myocytes.
abstract: Ventricular myocytes exhibit a nifedipine-sensitive inward calcium current (ICa) and contracture when they are voltage clamped from -40 to 0 millivolt in the presence of caffeine and in the absence of extracellular sodium. However, upon repolarization they fail to relax because neither the sarcoplasmic reticulum nor the sodium-calcium exchange can reduce intracellular calcium. Sudden application of extracellular sodium during the contracture (but after repolarization) causes immediate relaxation and activates a transient inward sodium-calcium exchange current (INa-Ca), whose peak slightly precedes mechanical relaxation. The total charge carried by the nifedipine-sensitive ICa is twice the total charge carried by the transient inward INa-Ca. Assuming an exchange stoichiometry of three sodium to one calcium, these results indicate that all the calcium entering the cell during the initial depolarization is extruded by the sodium-calcium exchange.
authors.affiliation: Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bridge
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Smolley
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Spitzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; D002110:Caffeine; D012964:Sodium; D009543:Nifedipine; D002118:Calcium