CD4-independent, productive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of hepatoma cell lines in vitro.
Five hepatoma cell lines, including CZHC/8571, PLC/PRF/5, Hep3B, HepG2, and HUH7, were inoculated with three diverse isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Productive infection was noted in all hepatoma cell lines, and expression of viral p24 antigen lasted for over 3 months, but its level decreased in proportion to the number of viable cells. HIV-1 antigens were also found in the cells by immunohistochemical staining and radioimmunoprecipitation assay, as were viral RNA by in situ hybridization and HIV-1-like particles by electron microscopy. Virus yield assays were also positive on supernatant fluids collected from hepatoma cultures inoculated with HIV-1. Despite their susceptibility to infection, all five hepatoma cell lines were negative for CD4 by immunofluorescence and for CD4 mRNA by slot-blot hybridization. In addition, HIV-1 infection of hepatoma cell lines was not blocked by anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody or soluble CD4. Together, these findings clearly demonstrate that all five hepatoma cell lines were susceptible to productive infection by HIV-1 in vitro via a CD4-independent mechanism.
Cao
Y Z
YZ
Department of Microbiology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016.
Friedman-Kien
A E
AE
Huang
Y X
YX
Li
X L
XL
Mirabile
M
M
Moudgil
T
T
Zucker-Franklin
D
D
Ho
D D
DD
D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D002460:Cell Line; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014774:Virulence
D015704:CD4 Antigens; D004279:DNA, Viral