title: Prenatal diagnosis by isoenzymic differentiation of Treacher Collins' syndrome induced by retinoids in rats.
abstract: A series of branchial arch malformations was induced in 618 embryos from 72 pregnant rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg etretinate at 8.5 days of gestation. The litters developed several malformations, including microtia, low set and dorsally placed outer ears, defective middle ear ossicles, short cochleas, defectively differentiated Meckel's cartilages, micrognathia, rudimentary malar bones, lateral facial clefts, fistulas and skin tags, all of which were similar to Treacher Collins' syndrome in man. The defects were accompanied by a pathological differentiation pattern of various isoenzymes in maxillary and mandibular processes. These isoenzymes could be detected in amniotic fluid from the 9th to the 20th days of pregnancy and showed a pathological differentiation pattern here as well. We conclude that a teratogenically induced syndrome affecting the first and second branchial arches is accompanied by a pathological differentiation pattern that can be traced by determinations of isoenzymes in the branchial arches as well as in amniotic fluid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Granström
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirkeby
mesh_terms: D009597:4-Nitrophenylphosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000032:analysis; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005050:Etretinate / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005634:Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase / Q000032:analysis; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis*; D007568:Jaw / Q000201:enzymology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008342:Mandibulofacial Dysostosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009283:Naphthol AS D Esterase / Q000032:analysis; D010736:Phosphoglycerate Mutase / Q000032:analysis; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013723:Teratogens
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D013723:Teratogens; D005050:Etretinate; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D009283:Naphthol AS D Esterase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D009597:4-Nitrophenylphosphatase; D005634:Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; D010736:Phosphoglycerate Mutase