title: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human parainfluenza type 4A virus HN gene: its irregularities on structure and activities.
abstract: We cloned the cDNA of human parainfluenza type 4A virus (PIV-4A) HN gene by reverse-transcription of virus-specific mRNAs and genomic RNA, and determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the HN gene. The predicted HN protein sequence of PIV-4A showed significant relatedness with those of other paramyxoviruses, SV5, NDV, MuV, PIV-3, BPIV-3, indicating a common ancestor. The homologies between the viruses suggested that PIV-4A is more closely related to NDV, SV5, and MuV than to the parainfluenza viruses, PIV-3, bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus (BPIV-3), and Sendai virus (SV). Sixty amino acids were commonly conserved among the viruses, other than PIV-4A. Two of these amino acids were substituted in PIV-4A HN and are predicted to be located near the active site of the neuraminidase. The analysis of neuraminidase of PIV-4 revealed that the activity is hardly detectable, suggesting the significant effect of the substituted amino acid sites on neuraminidase activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Mie University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bando
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsurudome
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D015723:Gene Library; D005814:Genes, Viral; D015707:HN Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D018108:Respirovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015707:HN Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D009439:Neuraminidase