title: Cloning of Pseudomonas aeruginosa algG, which controls alginate structure.
abstract: The biochemical mechanism by which alpha-L-guluronate (G) residues are incorporated into alginate by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not understood. P. aeruginosa first synthesizes GDP-mannuronate, which is used to incorporate beta-D-mannuronate residues into the polymer. It is likely that the conversion of some beta-D-mannuronate residues to G occurs by the action of a C-5 epimerase at either the monomer (e.g., sugar-nucleotide) or the polymer level. This study describes the results of a molecular genetic approach to identify a gene involved in the formation or incorporation of G residues into alginate by P. aeruginosa. Mucoid P. aeruginosa FRD1 was chemically mutagenized, and mutants FRD462 and FRD465, which were incapable of incorporating G residues into alginate, were independently isolated. Assays using a G-specific alginate lyase from Klebsiella aerogenes and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed that G residues were absent in the alginates secreted by these mutants. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance analyses also showed that alginate from wild-type P. aeruginosa contained no detectable blocks of G. The mutations responsible for defective incorporation of G residues into alginate in the mutants FRD462 and FRD465 were designated algG4 and algG7, respectively. Genetic mapping experiments revealed that algG was closely linked (greater than 90%) to argF, which lies at 34 min on the P. aeruginosa chromosome and is adjacent to a cluster of genes required for alginate biosynthesis. The clone pALG2, which contained 35 kilobases of P. aeruginosa DNA that included the algG and argF wild-type alleles, was identified from a P. aeruginosa gene bank by a screening method that involved gene replacement. A DNA fragment carrying algG was shown to complement algG4 and algG7 in trans. The algG gene was physically mapped on the alginate gene cluster by subcloning and Tn501 mutagenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Chitnis
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Ohman
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000378:metabolism*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009154:Mutation; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements