title: A new approach for the filtrate regeneration system in the wearable artificial kidney.
abstract: In the filtrate and/or dialysate regeneration system, which is expected to miniaturize the artificial kidney, ammonium ion decomposed from urea by immobilized urease is removed competitively by ion-exchangers from coexisting cations. Since divalent cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ are more favorably exchanged than ammonium ion, this system needs supplementation of these cations and, thus, additional amount of ion-exchanger. To minimize these requirements, we utilized positively charged membrane to process cation-free filtrate in which urea is dialyzed. Positively charged membranes were tested in vitro to evaluate separation efficiency between urea and cations. Equilibrium adsorption of ammonium ion to ion-exchanger with or without co-existing cations demonstrates that this filtrate regeneration system can reduce the amount of ion-exchanger up to one-half to one-third of that of the conventional system. In an ex vivo experiment with a mongrel dog, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was maintained at the same level or up to 23% less than the initial value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Precision Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dohi
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D000641:Ammonia; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D005374:Filtration; D007474:Ion Exchange; D007688:Kidneys, Artificial; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D017641:Zeolites
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D017641:Zeolites; D000641:Ammonia