title: KCl potentiation of the virucidal effectiveness of free chlorine at pH 9.0.
abstract: In studies at 5 degrees C and pH 9.0, poliovirus 1 was inactivated about 15 times more rapidly by free chlorine (FC) in purified water in the presence of 1,262 mg of KCl per liter (approximately 0.0169 M) than in the absence of KCl. In the presence of 526 mg of KCl per liter, the virus was inactivated about seven times more rapidly by FC than in the absence of KCl. At a level of 21 mg/liter, KCl did not significantly potentiate the virucidal activity of FC in purified water. Although poliovirus 1 was inactivated almost three times more rapidly by FC in borate-buffered purified water than in purified water, the presence of the buffer did not alter the extent of potentiation by KCl. Most of FC exists as OCl- at pH 9.0. Tap water has been shown to markedly potentiate the polivirucidal effectiveness of FC at pH 9.0. For the same degree of virucidal potentiation of FC at this pH, a considerably greater quantity of KCl was required in purified water than the total salt content that appeared to be present in the tap water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0071.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanjaghsaz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wangwongwatana
mesh_terms: D002021:Buffers; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004202:Disinfectants; D005609:Free Radicals; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D004202:Disinfectants; D005609:Free Radicals; D002713:Chlorine; D011189:Potassium Chloride