title: Differential augmentation of in vivo natural killer cytotoxicity in normal primates with recombinant human interleukin-1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
abstract: The effect of recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1) alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and combined factor therapy (CFT) on Rhesus monkey peripheral blood natural killer (NK) activity in vivo was compared. During a 14-day treatment period, IL-1-treated animals demonstrated a 170% increase in NK activity against K562 target cells by day 4, reaching maximal levels (300%) at day 16, and returning to baseline by day 30. NK activity of GM-CSF-treated monkeys increased slightly (60-100%) during days 4-12, as did saline-treated monkeys, but returned to baseline values by day 16. A delayed increase in NK activity resulted after GM-CSF treatment, reaching a peak (260%) on day 23 and remaining elevated through day 39. CFT resulted in a bimodal response pattern, with two peaks of NK activity: one at day 16 and a second at day 39. The first peak of activity (223%) was significantly less than the activity attained with IL-1 alone; the second peak (300%) was of greater duration and occurred later than the peak observed in GM-CSF-treated monkeys. Unlike IL-1, GM-CSF treatment did not lead to a immediate stimulation of NK activity; augmentation was delayed by more than 7 days post treatment. CFT results suggest that GM-CSF reduced the direct NK response to IL-1; while IL-1 led to an enhanced delayed NK response. Therefore, IL-1 and GM-CSF augment NK activity through different but interrelated pathways.
authors.affiliation: Immunobiology and Transplantation Department, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20814-5055.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Monroy
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Skelly
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Donahue
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: MacVittie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects*; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor