title: On the clonal origin of tumours--lessons from studies of intestinal epithelium.
abstract: Clonal studies of adult chimaeric mouse epithelium have demonstrated the monoclonal composition of crypts of Lieberkühn. In neonatal life, however, polyclonal crypts have been found, indicating that crypts are of polyclonal origin. We here relate these findings to studies of mosaic tissues which have addressed the question whether solid tumours are of monoclonal or polyclonal origin. The issues has so far remained unresolved because the expected frequencies of polyclonal tumours, given polyclonal origins, have not previously been estimated. A general approach for the calculation of such expected values is suggested. The consistent reports of tumours with polyclonal components suggest that autocrine or paracrine mechanisms play an important role during tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Glaxo Group Research Ltd., Greenford, Mddx, UK.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mead
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*