title: Milwaukee shoulder syndrome. Fifteen additional cases and a description of contributing factors.
abstract: Fifteen additional patients with Milwaukee shoulder syndrome are described, bringing our total series to 30 cases. The condition occurred predominantly in elderly women and was characterized by severe glenohumeral joint degeneration and dissolution of the fibrous rotator cuff. Synovial fluids contained few leukocytes, but were often blood tinged. Basic calcium phosphate crystal aggregates and particulate collagens were noted in nearly all fluids, and collagenase activity was detectable in some, but not all, fluids. The knee joints were involved with a similar process in about half of our patients. In contrast to primary osteoarthritis, lateral tibiofemoral compartment involvement was common. Factors that may predispose to this syndrome included deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals, direct trauma or chronic joint overuse, chronic renal failure, and denervation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Halverson
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Carrera
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McCarty
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D002131:Calcium Pyrophosphate / Q000032:analysis; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007719:Knee Joint; D008297:Male; D003012:Microbial Collagenase / Q000032:analysis; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000175:diagnosis; D012785:Shoulder Joint; D013577:Syndrome; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000032:analysis; D013710:Tendons / Q000473:pathology; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; D003094:Collagen; C020243:calcium phosphate; D003012:Microbial Collagenase; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous; D002131:Calcium Pyrophosphate