title: Latent varicella-zoster viral DNA in human trigeminal and thoracic ganglia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some human herpesviruses become latent in dorsal-root ganglia. Primary infection with the varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox, followed by latency, and subsequent reactivation leading to shingles (zoster), but the frequency and distribution of latent virus have not been established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the polymerase chain reaction, we performed postmortem examinations of trigeminal and thoracic ganglia of 23 subjects 33 to 88 years old who had not recently had chickenpox or shingles to identify the presence of latent varicella-zoster viral DNA. Oligonucleotide primers representing the origin of replication of the varicella-zoster virus and varicella-zoster virus gene 29 were used for amplification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 22 subjects seropositive for the antibody to the virus, both the viral origin-of-replication and gene-29 sequences were detected in 13 of 15 subjects (87 percent) in whom trigeminal ganglia were examined and in 9 of 17 (53 percent) in whom thoracic ganglia were examined. Viral DNA was not detected in brain or mononuclear cells from the seropositive subjects. None of three thoracic ganglia from the one seronegative subject contained varicella-zoster viral DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that after primary infection with varicella-zoster virus (varicella), the virus becomes latent in many ganglia--more often in the trigeminal ganglia than in any thoracic ganglion--and that more than one region of the viral genome is present during latency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahalingam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wellish
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Dueland
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohrs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vafai
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gilden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D001483:Base Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000032:analysis*; D005784:Gene Amplification; D005814:Genes, Viral; D014645:Herpesvirus 3, Human / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013909:Thorax; D013997:Time Factors; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral