title: Hemorrhagic shock-induced bacterial translocation: the role of neutrophils and hydroxyl radicals.
abstract: We previously documented a relationship between xanthine oxidase activation, intestinal injury, and bacterial translocation (BT) in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock. The current experiments were performed to determine the relative roles of hydroxyl radicals and neutrophils in the pathogenesis of shock-induced mucosal injury and BT. The incidence of BT was higher in the shocked rats (30 mm Hg for 30 min) than the sham-shock controls (87% vs 12.5%; p less than 0.01). Administration of the hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or the iron chelator, deferoxamine, reduced the incidence of BT from 87% to 20% and 40%, respectively (p less than 0.05). DMSO and deferoxamine appear to prevent shock-induced BT by blunting the magnitude of shock-induced mucosal injury. In contrast, neutrophil depletion did not prevent BT or protect the intestinal mucosa in shocked rats. Instead, the incidence of systemic spread of translocating bacteria past the mesenteric lymph nodes to the livers and spleens of the shocked rats was higher in the neutrophil-depleted rats (56%) than in any other group (p less than 0.01). Thus, shock-induced BT and intestinal injury appear to be mediated by oxidants (.OH) derived from xanthine oxidase, rather than granulocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, LSU Medical College, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Deitch
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bridges
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Specian
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Granger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005609:Free Radicals; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000494:pharmacology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D006878:Hydroxides; D007106:Immune Sera; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D003676:Deferoxamine; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide