title: Differential effects of substrates on three transport modes of the Na+/K(+)-ATPase.
abstract: With a purified Na+/K(+)-ATPase preparation reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles, Na+/K+, Na+/Na+, and uncoupled Na+ transport were studied using three nucleotides and five substrates of the K(+)-phosphatase reaction that this enzyme also catalyzes. For Na+/K+ exchange, CTP was half as effective as ATP and GTP one-twentieth; of the phosphatase substrates only carbamyl phosphate and 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphate produced significant transport and at merely 1% of the rate with ATP. For Na+/Na+ exchange, comparable rates of transport were produced by ATP, CTP, carbamyl phosphate and acetyl phosphate, although the actual rate of transport with ATP was only 2.4% of that for Na+/K+ exchange; slower rates occurred with GTP (69%), 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphate (51%), and nitrophenyl phosphate (33%). Only umbelliferone phosphate was ineffective. For uncoupled Na+ transport results similar to those for Na+/Na+ exchange were obtained, but the actual rate of transport was still slower, 1.4% of that for Na+/K+ exchange. Thus, not only nucleotides but a variety of phosphatase substrates (which are phosphoric acid mixed anhydrides) can phosphorylate the enzyme at the high-affinity substrate site to form the E1P intermediate of the reaction sequence. Oligomycin inhibited Na+/K+ exchange with ATP by half, but with carbamyl phosphate not at all; with CTP the inhibition was intermediate, one-fourth. By contrast, oligomycin inhibited Na+/Na+ exchange by one-fifth with all three substrates. A quantitative, steady-state kinetic model accounts for the relative magnitudes of Na+/K+ and Na+/Na+ exchanges with ATP, CTP, and carbamyl phosphate as substrates, as well as the extents of inhibition by oligomycin. The model requires that even when Na+ substitutes for K+ a slow step in the reaction sequence is the E2 to E1 conformational transition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse 13210.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D009840:Oligomycins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D009840:Oligomycins; D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D011188:Potassium