title: Ischemia-induced neutrophil activation and diapedesis is lipoxygenase dependent.
abstract: Ischemia and reperfusion lead to eicosanoid- and neutrophil (PMN)-dependent injury. This study tests the role of ischemia-induced lipoxygenase activity in mediating PMN activation and diapedesis. Anesthetized rabbits (n = 8) underwent 3 hours of bilateral hindlimb ischemia. At 10 minutes of reperfusion, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels in femoral venous effluent were 0.49 +/- 0.05 ng/ml compared with 0.04 +/- 0.07 ng/ml in sham-treated animals (n = 10) (p less than 0.05). Intracellular H2O2 production of circulating PMNs assayed flow cytometrically by dichlorofluorescein (DCF) oxidation, increased from a preischemic value of 74 +/- 14 femtomoles DCF/cell to 135 +/- 8 fmol DCF/cell (p less than 0.05). PMNs were treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), 10(-7) mol/L. In contrast to a 162% increase in H2O2 production before ischemia, PMNs at 10 minutes of reperfusion had an enhanced response to PMA of 336% (p less than 0.05). Addition of authentic LTB4 (0.5 ng/ml) to PMN from sham-treated animals led to their activation, manifest by an oxidative burst, 127 +/- 12 fmol DCF/cell, and an enhanced response of 337% to PMA stimulation. To study diapedesis, plasma collected at 10 minutes of reperfusion was introduced into plastic chambers taped atop skin abrasions in rabbits (n = 8). After 3 hours, 1610 +/- 246 PMN/mm3 accumulated and LTB4 levels in blister fluid were 0.83 +/- 0.03 ng/ml, higher than values of 44 +/- 23 PMN/mm3 (p less than 0.05) and 0.04 +/- 0.03 ng LTB4/ml (p less than 0.05) with saline solution and 68 +/- 16 PMN/mm3 (p less than 0.05) and 0.19 +/- 0.02 ng/ml (p less than 0.05) with nonischemic plasma. The introduction of LTB4, 3.3 ng/ml, into the chambers resulted in an accumulation of 536 +/- 352 PMN/mm3 (p less than 0.05). Pretreatment of animals before hindlimb ischemia (n = 5) with the lipoxygenase inhibitor diethylcarbamazine abolished PMN activation (51 +/- 12 fmol DCF/cell) and ischemic plasma-induced diapedesis into the plastic chamber (38 +/- 18 PMN/mm3). Pretreatment of nonischemic animals (n = 13) used for the dermabrasion bioassay with diethylcarbamazine abolished diapedesis into the plastic chambers induced by ischemic plasma (n = 5) (32 +/- 24 PMN/mm3) or LTB4 (n = 3) (36 +/- 28 PMN/mm3). These data indicate that PMN activation after reperfusion of ischemic tissue is mediated by a lipoxygenase product, perhaps LTB4, and that both reperfusion plasma and authentic LTB4 induce diapedesis by stimulating de novo lipoxygenase activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass. 02115.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Welbourn
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Klausner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kobzik
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Valeri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shepro
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Hechtman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D007975:Leukotriene B4; D008084:Lipoxygenase; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine