title: Identification of a novel isoform of the retinoic acid receptor gamma expressed in the mouse embryo.
abstract: Retinoic acid is known to have profound effects on developmental processes. It has been implicated as a putative morphogen in the developing chick limb bud and regenerating amphibian limb blastema and has been demonstrated to have powerful teratogenic effects in mammals, including humans. Recently, three specific retinoic acid receptors (RARs), RAR alpha, -beta, and -gamma, were identified and shown to be members of the steroid receptor superfamily. We report the identification of a novel RAR gamma isoform, mRAR gamma B, which differs from the previously described mouse RAR gamma at its amino terminus. In addition, we show that both RAR gamma isoforms are expressed maximally at midgestation in structures known to be affected adversely by retinoic acid administration to pregnant mice. Multiple RAR isoforms, each of which may play a unique or combinatorial role as a regulator of mammalian development, are thus expressed in the mouse embryo.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giguère
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shago
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zirngibl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rossant
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varmuza
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D014212:Tretinoin; D004247:DNA