title: The influence of structural modifications of dihydrophenazines on arachidonic acid mobilization and superoxide generation by human neutrophils.
abstract: In this study the effects of nine dihydrophenazine derivatives, relative to clofazimine (B663), on the N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated release of superoxide anion and on the spontaneous generation of arachidonic acid by human neutrophils were investigated. Previous findings that the pro-oxidative activity of the agents depended largely on the substitution in position 2 of the phenazine molecule and on chlorination in the paraposition of the phenyl and anilino rings were confirmed. Only riminophenazines, but not aposafranone derivatives or the imidazophenazine B621, could enhance superoxide release from activated neutrophils. The lack of chlorination of the phenyl and anilino rings could be compensated for by chlorine substitution in position 7 of the phenazine core. The priming effect of the agents on FMLP stimulated superoxide generation was completely prevented by the phospholipase A2 inhibitor 4-p-bromophenacyl bromide. Furthermore pro-oxidative activities correlated closely with a stimulatory effect of the agents on arachidonic acid release. It was therefore concluded that dihydrophenazine derivatives with pro-oxidative properties can prime neutrophils for FMLP-stimulated superoxide release by modulation of phospholipase A2 activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Zeis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D002991:Clofazimine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010619:Phenazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D010619:Phenazines; D013481:Superoxides; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D002991:Clofazimine