title: Rational design of peptide-based HIV proteinase inhibitors.
abstract: A series of peptide derivatives based on the transition-state mimetic concept has been designed that inhibit the proteinase from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The more active compounds inhibit both HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteinases in the nanomolar range with little effect at 10 micromolar against the structurally related human aspartic proteinases. Proteolytic cleavage of the HIV-1 gag polyprotein (p55) to the viral structural protein p24 was inhibited in chronically infected CEM cells. Antiviral activity was observed in the nanomolar range (with one compound active below 10 nanomolar) in three different cell systems, as assessed by p24 antigen and syncytium formation. Cytotoxicity was not detected at 10 and 5 micromolar in C8166 and JM cells, respectively, indicating a high therapeutic index for this new class of HIV proteinase inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Roche Products Ltd., Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kinchington
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Broadhurst
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Galpin
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kröhn
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D002460:Cell Line; D015195:Drug Design; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000378:metabolism; D015684:Gene Products, pol / Q000378:metabolism*; D016333:HIV Protease; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000201:enzymology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015684:Gene Products, pol; D010455:Peptides; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D010450:Endopeptidases; D016333:HIV Protease