title: 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate is a nonselective inhibitor of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate action and metabolism.
abstract: Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) is an important second messenger generated from the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate by phospholipase C in response to Ca2(+)-mobilizing stimuli. InsP3 interacts with specific intracellular receptors and triggers the release of sequestered Ca2+ from an intracellular store. We have looked at the influence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on the action and metabolism of InsP3 in the bovine adrenal cortex. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate blocked InsP3 binding to adrenal cortex microsomes with a half-maximal efficiency of 0.5 mM. Scatchard analyses revealed that 2,3-diphosphoglycerate did not change the maximal capacity of the microsomes, but decreased their binding affinity for InsP3. The Ca2(+)-releasing activity of InsP3 on the same microsomal preparation was monitored with the fluorescent indicator, Fura-2. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate blocked this activity with a half-maximal efficiency of 2 mM. The effect of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate could be overcome by supramaximal doses of InsP3, indicating a competitive inhibitory effect. The activity of InsP3 phosphatase from bovine adrenal cortex microsomes was also studied. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate inhibited the activity of the phosphatase with a half-maximal efficiency of 0.3 mM. Lineweaver-Burke plots revealed that this effect was competitive. Finally, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was also able to inhibit the activity of a partially purified preparation of InsP3 kinase from bovine adrenal cortex cytosol. The half-maximal dose was around 10 mM and the Lineweaver-Burke plot showed that the inhibition was competitive. These results show that 2,3-diphosphoglycerate can be considered as a structural analog of InsP3. Its inhibitory effects, however, are not selective enough to use it as an InsP3 protective agent in Ca2(+)-mobilization studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guillemette
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Favreau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lamontagne
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boulay
mesh_terms: D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; D000302:Adrenal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D004163:Diphosphoglyceric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007292:Inosine Nucleotides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007293:Inosine Triphosphate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008861:Microsomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
chemical_list: D004163:Diphosphoglyceric Acids; D007292:Inosine Nucleotides; D007293:Inosine Triphosphate; D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C051038:Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase; C035215:inositol triphosphate phosphomonoesterase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D002118:Calcium