title: Virus-vs endotoxin-induced activation of liver macrophages.
abstract: The response of liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) to distinct pathogenic material was investigated by comparing virus- and endotoxin-induced macrophage activation. Endotoxin-induced stimulation and induction with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or Sendai virus led to the release of the same pattern of prostanoids characterized by a predominant production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). With respect to peptide mediators, hepatic macrophages secreted tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 after viral induction and endotoxin treatment, respectively. In response to viruses, however, much more interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha was detected than after endotoxin stimulation. Interferon type I (interferon-alpha/beta), on the other hand, was only detected in the supernatants of macrophages infected with viruses, but not of those exposed to endotoxin. This study also revealed that rat TNF-alpha exists in several soluble species, some of which are glycosylated.
authors.affiliation: Biochemisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Busam
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Homfeld
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zawatzky
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kästner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gerok
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Decker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007163:Immunosorbent Techniques; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007700:Kinetics; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000502:physiology*; D010222:Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012475:Salmonella; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015232:Dinoprostone