title: Activities of clarithromycin, sulfisoxazole, and rifabutin against Mycobacterium avium complex multiplication within human macrophages.
abstract: The activities of clarithromycin, sulfisoxazole, and rifabutin against three virulent strains of Mycobacterium avium complex isolated from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were evaluated in a model of intracellular infection. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were infected at day 6 of culture with M. avium complex. Intracellular bacteria were counted 60 min after inoculation. Extra- and intracellular bacteria were counted at days 4 and 7 after inoculation. The concentrations used were 4 micrograms of clarithromycin per ml (MICs for the three strains, 4, 4, and 4 micrograms/ml), 50 micrograms of sulfisoxazole per ml (MICs, 50, 25, and 25 micrograms/ml), and 0.5 micrograms of rifabutin per ml (MICs, 2, 0.5, and 0.5 micrograms/ml). Compared with controls, clarithromycin and rifabutin slowed the intracellular replication of the three strains (at day 7 after inoculation, P was less than 0.01 for the first strain and less than 0.001 for the two others). Sulfisoxazole was ineffective against the three strains. Clarithromycin was as effective as rifabutin. Clarithromycin plus rifabutin was as effective as each single agent. Clarithromycin plus sulfisoxazole was as effective as clarithromycin alone.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 13, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perronne
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gikas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Truffot-Pernot
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grosset
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pocidalo
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vilde
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017291:Clarithromycin; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015269:Mycobacterium avium Complex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D017828:Rifabutin; D012294:Rifamycins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013444:Sulfisoxazole / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012294:Rifamycins; D017828:Rifabutin; D004917:Erythromycin; D013444:Sulfisoxazole; D017291:Clarithromycin