title: Neutralized lidocaine with epinephrine for local anesthesia--II.
abstract: The pain usually associated with intradermal injection of lidocaine and epinephrine is significantly attenuated by the addition of either sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydroxide to 1% lidocaine with epinephrine. This suggests that sodium bicarbonate attenuates pain by increasing the pH of the anesthetic solution. The clinical effects of a solution of lidocaine (1%) with epinephrine (1:100,000) and sodium bicarbonate (80 meq/L) were assessed after infiltration in skin. Anesthetic stored for 1 week caused nearly equal areas of anesthesia and vasoconstriction as an identical solution prepared on the day of use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Chinn
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007271:Injections, Intradermal / Q000009:adverse effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012964:Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D008012:Lidocaine; D012964:Sodium; D004837:Epinephrine