title: Molecular mechanism of calcium uptake and release by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.
abstract: Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) plays a special role in controlling free calcium ions (Ca) in heart muscle cells. Ca stored in the SR is released through the Ca release channels when the sarcolemmal membrane is depolarized, thereby inducing contraction, while Ca is reaccumulated by the Ca pump to induce relaxation. In the latter process, the Ca pump of cardiac SR has a regulatory system by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of a SR protein, phospholamban. Recently, significant progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular mechanisms of Ca release and uptake and its regulation. The structures of the Ca pump and phospholamban have been defined at molecular levels. A direct interaction between these two proteins was demonstrated. The Ca release channel was identified, and turned out to be the foot structure which in situ connects the SR to the sarcolemma/transverse tubule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Osaka University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tada
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000378:metabolism; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000378:metabolism; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000099211:Phospholamban
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium; D015220:Calcium Channels; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D012433:Ryanodine; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D000099211:Phospholamban