title: The role of cytosolic free Ca2+ and protein kinase C in acetylcholine-induced insulin release in the clonal beta-cell line, HIT-T15.
abstract: We examined the contribution of signal-transduction pathways to acetylcholine-induced insulin release in the clonal beta-cell line HIT-T15. To assess the importance of changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i), we studied time courses of the effects of glucose and acetylcholine on [Ca2+]i and insulin release in quin 2-loaded HIT cells. Incubation in the presence of glucose (2 mM) resulted in a sustained increase in [Ca2+]i in HIT cells from 98 +/- 7 nM to 195 +/- 12 nM measured after 9 min, whereas subsequent addition of acetylcholine (50 microM) produced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i which reached a peak after 30 s (at 274 +/- 10 nM), returning to pre-stimulus levels after 3 min. In contrast, incubation of HIT cells with acetylcholine in the presence of glucose produced a sustained increase in insulin release over and above that stimulated by glucose alone; after 10 min acetylcholine had potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin release by an additional increment of 135%. The transient increase in [Ca2+]i induced by acetylcholine was dose-dependent, and was prevented by omission of glucose or extracellular Ca2+ from the incubation medium. It was also inhibited by inclusion of 50 microM-verapamil in the incubation medium (by 87 +/- 3%) or by decreasing the Na+ concentration in the medium (by 73 +/- 6%). To evaluate the role of the protein kinase C pathway, we have pretreated HIT cells with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA), to deplete the protein kinase C activity, and have compared their secretory activity with that of control cells. Protein kinase C activity was decreased by 73% in HIT cells cultured in the presence of 200 nM-TPA for 22-24 h. TPA pre-treatment also significantly decreased the insulin content of HIT cells, but had no effect on cell number or the increases in [Ca2+]i induced by glucose or acetylcholine. TPA-pre-treated cells responded comparatively less well to secretagogues than did control cells: glucose-stimulated insulin release was decreased by 40%, whereas potentiation by TPA was significantly decreased by 50% in comparison with control cells (P less than 0.05, n = 24). Acetylcholine (50 microM) potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin release by 61% in control cells. This effect was abolished in HIT cells pre-treated with TPA, whereas these cells still retained their normal secretory response to stimulation by forskolin. These data suggest that an early increase in [Ca2+]i may be important for the initial increase in insulin release induced by acetylcholine in HIT cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Biochemistry, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, U.K.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chalk
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ashcroft
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000634:Aminoquinolines; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007328:Insulin; D014700:Verapamil; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D005947:Glucose; D000109:Acetylcholine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C035739:Quin2; D002118:Calcium