title: Role of spermatozoal platelet-activating factor in fertilization.
abstract: Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent lipid mediator of inflammation, has been shown to play a role in both the implantation and viability of mammalian embryos. We examined whether human and mouse spermatozoa release PAF during in vitro incubation and assessed the effect of exogenous PAF and the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2086, a thieno-triazolodiazepine, on mouse in vitro fertilization (IVF) rate. PAF biological activity was detected in 11 samples of leukocyte-free, purified human spermatozoa (28 pg PAF/10(6) cells/24 hr) and 5 samples of epididymal mouse spermatozoa (7.8 pg PAF/10(6) cells/3 hr). Exogenous PAF (10(-8) and 10(-6) M) increased (p less than 0.01) the fertilization rate 2- and 3-fold, respectively of mouse oocytes by mouse epididymal spermatozoa. 10(-4) M PAF, however, reduced sperm motility and decreased (p less than 0.05) the fertilization rate. 10(-6) M WEB 2086, decreased IVF to approximately 50% of the control fertilization rate (42% vs. 89%). WEB 2086 treatment also promoted the attachment of supernumerary spermatozoa to both fertilized and unfertilized oocytes. The fertilization rate in the presence of WEB 2086 returned to control levels when zona-pellucida-free oocytes were employed, indicating that WEB 2086 did not interfere with the spermatozoal acrosome reaction. These data suggest that PAF, of spermatozoal origin, may be important in mammalian fertilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Kuzan
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Geissler
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D001381:Azepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000032:analysis; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011460:Prostaglandins F / Q000032:analysis; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000032:analysis; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D001381:Azepines; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D011460:Prostaglandins F; D014227:Triazines; D014230:Triazoles; C052518:WEB 2086; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D008084:Lipoxygenase; C100006:prostaglandin F1