title: Two oncogenes, v-fos and v-ras, cooperate to convert normal keratinocytes to squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: Previous studies have implicated the rasHa oncogene in the initiation of skin carcinogenesis and the fos oncogene in malignant progression of premalignant skin cell lines. To determine if these two oncogenes are sufficient to convert normal keratinocytes to cancer cells, freshly isolated mouse keratinocytes were coinfected with replication-defective (psi-2) v-rasHa and v-fos viruses in culture. When tested in nude mice within several days of infection, v-fos/v-rasHa-coinfected keratinocytes produced squamous cell carcinomas. Introduction of v-fos alone resulted in normal or hyperplastic skin, whereas v-rasHa alone produced squamous papillomas. These results indicate that two oncogenes are sufficient to produce the malignant phenotype in epidermal cells. Furthermore, they clearly link the fos oncogene with malignant conversion. Since fos acts as a transcriptional regulator of other genes, malignant conversion may be an indirect consequence of the overexpression of the fos-encoded protein leading to a change in the expression of fos-controlled cellular genes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Greenhalgh
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Welty
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Player
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yuspa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D003673:Defective Viruses / Q000235:genetics*; D011905:Genes, ras; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000637:transplantation; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008980:Moloney murine sarcoma virus / Q000235:genetics*; D016761:Oncogene Proteins v-fos; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D009857:Oncogenes; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D009053:Sarcoma Viruses, Murine / Q000235:genetics*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016761:Oncogene Proteins v-fos; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases