Early administration of corticosteroids in emergency room treatment of acute asthma.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of early administration of high-dose intravenous corticosteroids on duration of emergency room treatment and hospital admission rate in patients with acute asthma.


METHODS
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.


METHODS
The emergency room of a large, urban hospital with primary and referral care responsibilities.


METHODS
Eighty-one patients from 18 to 45 years of age with acute bronchial asthma and without pneumonitis or other serious underlying illnesses were studied on 91 occasions and were randomly assigned to control or experimental groups.


METHODS
The steroid group received 125 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone whereas the control group received intravenous normal saline 30 minutes after initial treatment. Additional treatment included aerosolized metaproterenol and oral theophylline therapy. Six hours after study entry, remaining patients were treated with 40 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone. Hospitalization was mandatory if total treatment time was greater than 12 hours.


RESULTS
Age, sex, peak expiratory flow at entry, and prevalence of recent corticosteroids use were similar in both groups. Duration of emergency room treatment was 6.7 +/- 4.2 (SD) hours in the steroid group and 6.3 +/- 4.1 hours in the control group (P = 0.66). Hospitalization was necessary in 18% (95% CI, 7% to 30%) of the steroid group and in 13% (CI, 3% to 22%) of the control group. Frequency of return visits for acute asthma 2 days after emergency room discharge was 11% (CI, -1% to 22%) in the steroid group and 13% (CI, 2% to 23%) in the control group.


CONCLUSIONS
These results fail to show any benefit for early administration of corticosteroids in patients with acute asthma. Routine administration of corticosteroids on initial presentation in such patients may not be warranted.
Stein
L M
LM
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Cole
R P
RP
D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors
D008775:Methylprednisolone