Epidemiologic aspects of toilet training.
Toilet training is becoming an increasingly important child care issue as child raising becomes an institutional enterprise. This paper reviews the literature of the last 40 years, focusing on the epidemiology of the development of day and night bladder control. The studies indicate that bladder control is usually obtained between 24 months and 48 months of age. Many variations exist between studies, especially the endpoint used to indicate completion of training. Modifying the endpoint used and the related training practices could decrease the age at which children are trained.
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
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Berk
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Friman
D002675:Child, Preschool; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006801:Humans; D010372:Pediatrics; D014039:Toilet Training; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*; D014554:Urination