Hemopoietin-1 activity of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on acute myeloid leukemia colony-forming cells (AML-CFU) in vitro: IL-1 induces production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha which synergizes with IL-3 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has hemopoietin-1 (H-1) activity, i.e., it synergizes with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) in stimulating in vitro colony formation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. In this study the synergistic activity of IL-1 was investigated on IL-3 and GM-CSF induced growth of acute myeloid leukemia colony forming cells (AML-CFU) in vitro. Among 12 cases of human AML, IL-1 significantly elevated IL-3 stimulated colony numbers in eight instances and enhanced GM-CSF induced colony growth in five cases. As IL-1 is an inducer of cytokine production and since tumor necrosis factor (TNF) elevates IL-3 or GM-CSF induced proliferation of AML-CFU, we examined whether IL-1 enhanced AML-CFU growth via the induction of TNF production. Neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha antibodies significantly decreased IL-1/IL-3 or IL-1/GM-CSF stimulated colony numbers in six of seven cases studied, whereas anti-TNF-beta had no effect, indicating that endogenously produced TNF-alpha costimulated the growth of AML-CFU. Furthermore, AML blast cells stimulated by IL-1 released increased amounts of TNF-alpha (between 25 and 533 pg/ml; median 255 pg/ml) into the culture medium (TNF-alpha specific radioimmunoassay) as compared with noninduced AML cells (less than 1 to 149 pg TNF-alpha/ml; median 31 pg/ml). Thus, the effect of IL-1 on AML-CFU proliferation is not the result of direct activation of AML progenitors, but IL-1 stimulates the release of TNF-alpha by AML cells and endogenous TNF subsequently synergizes with IL-3 or GM-CSF.
Delwel
R
R
Dr. Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
van Buitenen
C
C
Salem
M
M
Oosterom
R
R
Touw
I
I
Löwenberg
B
B
D000906:Antibodies; D002455:Cell Division; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay
D000906:Antibodies; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007377:Interleukin-3; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor