Primary neonatal hyperparathyroidism: a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder if left untreated.
We describe a 29-year-old male with untreated primary neonatal hyperparathyroidism. Hypotonia, poor feeding, failure to thrive, and developmental delay were noted in early infancy and in incidental serum calcium of 3.8 mmol/L was dismissed as a laboratory error. Childhood was characterized by profound muscle wasting and progressive spastic quadriparesis. Distinctive skeletal deformities, facial dysmorphism, and perichondral calcifications are now evident in adulthood. Elevated serum calcium (range: 2.7-3.3 mM; normal less than 2.7 mM), serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (range: 1,405-1,817 pg/mL; normal 50-140 pg/mL), and markedly decreased urinary calcium excretion (0.04 mumol/dL glomerular filtrate; normal greater than 25) suggested the diagnosis of primary neonatal hyperparathyroidism. This was supported by evidence of hypocalciuric hypercalcemia--the autosomal dominant carrier state--in both the parents. Our case illustrates the profound neurodevelopmental deficits arising from sustained hypercalcemia in infancy and childhood. Although this disorder is not lethal, it should be considered a neonatal emergency, since surgical parathyroidectomy can result in cure.
Cole
D e
De
Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Forsythe
C R
CR
Dooley
J M
JM
Grantmyre
E B
EB
Salisbury
S R
SR
D000328:Adult; D003241:Consanguinity; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology*; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics*; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009420:Nervous System / Q000254:growth & development; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010375:Pedigree; D011859:Radiography