[Efficacy of the combination of ceftazidime/vancomycin in the first line treatment of infection in neutropenic children].
Infection is the first reason of mortality in children with bone marrow aplasia. It justifies the immediate treatment initiation before bacteriological cultures results. First line probabilistic treatment must have a bactericidal activity on the pathogens and must be atoxic. The empirical therapy consisted of ceftazidime 100 mg/k/d and vancomycine 40 mg/k/d three times a day. We treated 41 patients, ranged from 0.5 to 17 years (mean 9.5 years). 27 lymphoblastic leukaemias, 10 myeloblastic leukaemias, 4 lymphomas, presenting post therapeutic prolonged aplasia: PMN less than 500/mm3. 23 strains were isolated from 15 patients. 12 Gram+: 7 ceftazidime sensitive, 12 vancomycine sensitive and 11 Gram-: 10 ceftazidime sensitive. Only one is resistant to ceftazidime + vancomycine. Apyrexia was obtained in less than 48 hours in 36 patients. Mean treatment duration was 16 days. Hyperthermia relapsed 17 times and was susceptible to ampho B ten times, although no candida was isolated. When ceftazidime + vancomycine combination failed, other antibiotic treatment was ineffective. There were 4 superinfections (2 in blood, 1 enteric, 1 pharyngeal) and 2 germs were ceftazidime resistant.


CONCLUSIONS
ceftazidime + vancomycine combination is a very effective treatment of infection in the neutropenic children: 88% success. 95% of the germs are sensitive to, at least, one of the 2 antibiotics. There are very few superinfections. Tolerance is excellent.
Schaison
G
G
Unité d'Hématologie pédiatrique, Hôpital St-Louis, Paris.
Leverger
G
G
Pappo
M
M
Chiche
D
D
D000293:Adolescent; D000380:Agranulocytosis / Q000150:complications*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000150:complications*; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D014640:Vancomycin; D002442:Ceftazidime
Efficacité de l'association ceftazidime/vancomycine dans le traitement de première intention des infections des enfants neutropéniques.