The effect of diltiazem on the coronary haemodynamic and cardiac functional effects produced by intracoronary administration of endothelin-1 in the anaesthetized dog.
1. We have studied the effect of the calcium channel antagonist, diltiazem, on the coronary haemodynamic and cardiac functional responses produced by intracoronary (i.c.) administration of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in anaesthetized dogs. 2. ET-1, 1, 3 and 10 ng kg-1 i.c., produced dose-related increases in coronary blood flow with no cardiac functional or systemic haemodynamic changes. ET-1, 30, 100 and 300 ng kg-1 i.c., produced dose-related reductions in coronary artery blood flow. The reduction in coronary blood flow was accompanied by dose-related falls in cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, +dP/dt and -dP/dt and increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. However, there was no reflex tachycardia in response to the fall in blood pressure and at 300 ng kg-1, ET-1 produced a 22% reduction in heart rate. 3. Following a series of abnormal ECG changes, four out of five dogs died of ventricular fibrillation at 13 +/- 2 min after 300 ng kg-1 ET-1. 4. The administration of diltiazem (15 micrograms kg-1 min-1, i.v.) reduced mean arterial pressure by 10% and heart rate by 15%, and increased coronary blood flow by 39%. Diltiazem did not have any significant effect on the coronary dilator response to low doses of ET-1. Although there was a general trend for diltiazem to inhibit the coronary vasoconstrictor responses to ET-1, diltiazem significantly attenuated only the reduction in coronary blood flow produced by 100 ng kg-1 ET-1 by 60% but not the response to 30 or 300 ng kg-1 ET-1. Two out of five diltiazem-treated dogs died of ventricular fibrillation with a mean time to death of 20 min following treatment with ET-1 (300 kg- 1). 5. ET-1 is a very potent coronary vasodilator. At slightly higher doses ET-1 is also a coronary vasoconstrictor. ET-1 also appears to have direct cardiotoxicity independent of myocardial ischaemia. The vasoconstrictor activity and direct cardiotoxicity are only weakly inhibited by diltiazem.
Nichols
A J
AJ
Department of Pharmacology (L-510), SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406.
Koster
P F
PF
Ohlstein
E H
EH
D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004562:Electrocardiography; D016232:Endothelins; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
D016232:Endothelins; D010455:Peptides; D004110:Diltiazem