The effect of hypertension and its treatment on cerebral cell volume regulation during hypernatremic dehydration.
Since hypertension may compromise the ability to withstand hypernatremic dehydration, we investigated the impact of two experimental models of hypertension and pharmacologic normalization of blood pressure on the tolerance to chronic hypernatremic dehydration. In DOCA-salt hypertensive animals and the spontaneously-hypertensive rat (SHR), there was increased mortality and cerebral cell shrinkage during hypernatremic dehydration, compared to control Sprague-Dawley or Wistar-Kyoto rats. These findings were paralleled by significant differences in the brain intracellular water compartment size (ml/100 g dry weight), i.e. 233 +/- 6, Sprague-Dawley vs 189 +/- 8, DOCA-salt, P less than 0.01; 246 +/- 3, Wistar-Kyoto vs 194 +/- 6, SHR, P less than 0.01. Normalization of the blood pressure in the SHR with captopril restored 48% of the cerebral cell volume regulatory capacity observed in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. We conclude that sustained hypertension increases the risk of hypernatremic dehydration in select circumstances. Correction of the elevated blood pressure promotes partial recovery of normal cerebral cell volume regulation.
Dept. of Pediatrics, Schneider Children's Hospital, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, N.Y.
H
H
Trachtman
R
R
del Pizzo
J
J
Sturman
D000818:Animals; D001834:Body Water / Q000032:analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002216:Captopril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003681:Dehydration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006955:Hypernatremia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000032:analysis; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis
D002216:Captopril; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium