Recombinant human GM-CSF following chemotherapy in high-risk AML.
Chemotherapy (CT) induced critical neutropenia remains a major dose limiting problem in acute leukemias. In order to reduce the phase of risk we gave recombinant human GM-CSF to 30 patients at high risk of early death with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). 19 patients with untreated AML and 1 patient with AML late relapse were 65+ years of age and were treated for CT by the TAD9 regimen. 10 patients at all ages had AML early or second relapse and received S-HAM CT. Starting on day 4 after CT GM-CSF 250 micrograms/m2/d was given by continuous i.v. infusion until neutrophils recovered. GM-CSF reduced the median recovery time of neutrophils by 4 days in the TAD9 and 9 days in the S-HAM CT group when compared to controls. After the CT induced aplasia 3 patients with AML showed a regrowth of their blasts which after the stop of GM-CSF was reversible in 1 patient and unaffectedly continued in 2 patients. 57% of patients attained a complete remission, and the median age of the responders was 65 (34-84) years. Remission duration was not found to be reduced. Thus, GM-CSF reduces CT toxicity with a low risk of promoting the disease and may allow more effective antileukemic treatment.
Buechner
T
T
Department of Hematology, University of Muenster.
Hiddemann
W
W
Koenigsmann
M
M
Zuehlsdorf
M
M
Woermann
B
B
Boeckmann
A
A
Aguion Freire
E
E
Innig
G
G
Maschmeyer
G
G
Ludwig
W D
WD
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy
D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor