Oxide adherence and porcelain bonding to titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
The bonding of an experimental low-fusing porcelain to titanium and Ti-6Al-4V was evaluated by an x-ray spectrometric technique that measures the area that remains covered with porcelain following a controlled deformation of the metallic substrate. Oxide adherence strength values for titanium and Ti-6Al-4V oxidized at 750 degrees and 1000 degrees C were measured in tension with use of high-strength adhesives. The effect of further oxidation that would occur during porcelain firing was evaluated via simulated porcelain firings without actual porcelain application. Interface cross-sections of the titanium-porcelain and Ti-6Al-4V-porcelain bonds were examined in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The porcelain was found to delaminate completely from the metal substrate, leaving less than 1% of the surface covered with porcelain. The oxide adherence of the specimens oxidized at 750 degrees C was good, but those oxidized at 1000 degrees C exhibited significantly lower oxide adherence (p = 0.001). The simulated porcelain-firing oxidation treatments also produced a significant decrease in oxide adherence (p = 0.004). The 750 degrees C oxidation treatments produced oxide films too thin to be visualized in the SEM, whereas the 1000 degrees C oxidation treatments produced oxide films approximately 1 micron thick. The lower oxide adherence of the 1-micron-thick oxide films is consistent with reports in the titanium literature of oxide delamination when the oxide film reaches 1 micron in thickness.
Adachi
M
M
Division of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-1264.
Mackert
J R
JR
Parry
E E
EE
Fairhurst
C W
CW
D000497:Alloys; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D014025:Titanium
D000497:Alloys; D010087:Oxides; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium