Genetic organization of a chimpanzee lentivirus related to HIV-1.
Simian immunodeficiency viruses have been isolated from four species of monkey, the 'captive' macaque and mangabey and the 'feral' African green monkey and mandrill. While none of these viruses is a replica of HIV-1, the macaque and mangabey viruses represent correct genetic models for HIV-2, possessing exactly the same complement of genes. Recently a lentivirus has been identified in two wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in Gabon, west equatorial Africa, and isolated from one of them. This virus is referred to as SIVCPZ. Sera from these animals cross reacted with all the HIV-1 proteins including the envelope glycoproteins. Here, we describe the molecular cloning and sequencing of an infectious proviral clone of SIVCPZ. The overall genetic organization was the same as that of HIV-1, but phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequence was more divergent than any HIV-1 sequence reported so far. The vpu gene product, found only in the type 1 viruses, was particularly different (64% divergent to HIV-1BRU) suggesting that the SIVCPZ represents a distinct subtype. These findings indicate that there is a larger pool of simian lentiviruses than previously suspected and revives debate as to the origins of HIV-1.
Laboratoire de Biologie et Immunologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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T
Huet
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R
Cheynier
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A
Meyerhans
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G
Roelants
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Wain-Hobson
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics; D015694:Gene Products, rev / Q000235:genetics; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000235:genetics; D005814:Genes, Viral; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000382:microbiology*; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D014162:Transfection; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
D004279:DNA, Viral; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015694:Gene Products, rev; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins