[Current aspects of hyposensitization].
Hyposensitation (HS) or immunotherapy has long been used to block the allergic response to inhaled allergens. Double-blind studies with a placebo arm have established the effectiveness of HS, especially in allergic rhinitis. The aim of HS is to achieve a better tolerance after exposure to inhaled allergens by subcutaneous injections of the relevant allergen extract in repeated doses of increasing concentrations. Although the clinical efficacy is obvious, the pathogenesis of HS is not yet fully understood. The HS must be used strictly in accordance with the guidelines of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) with respect to therapeutic effect, side-effects, and cost for doctor and patient. The indications, relative and absolute contraindications, guidelines for the HS and the therapeutic monitoring of the patients during HS are outlined. In addition to the correct therapeutic regimen, a critical criterion is the quality and standardization of the allergen extracts. The recommendations of the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) should be respected. Semi-depot extracts are preferred nowadays. The side-effects consist of local reactions, general reactions with urticaria, asthma, and even anaphylactic shock. The immediate therapy, precautions and drugs necessary to treat this life-threatening event are described.
HNO-Abteilung, St. Johann's Spitals Salzburg.
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D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000628:therapy*
D000485:Allergens
Aktuelle Aspekte der Hyposensibilisierung.