[Haemophilus influenzae type B. Disease and prevention].
Haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative rod, causing severe infections in childhood, including meningitis, sepsis, epiglottits, pneumonia and otitis. Most of the invasive infections are due to serotype b. Since ampicillin-resistance is increasing, modern cephalosporines like cefotaxime and ceftriaxone are the antibiotics of choice in severe disease. Bacterial meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae and epiglottitis are both still life-threatening diseases with a lethality of 5% to 25%, and there are severe sequelae in 35% of meningitis cases. Efforts have been made to develop efficacious vaccines. While immunogenicity of type b polysaccharide was low in the high-risk age (below 18 months), conjugated vaccines with either diphtheria-toxoid or Neisseria meningitis outer membrane protein and the Hib polysaccharide were found to be strongly immunogenic even in the first months of life. These vaccines show every few side-effects and can easily be combined with other immunizations such as DPT and DT. Thus, the incidence of invasive infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b might decline in future.
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Universitätsklinik für Kinder und Jugendliche Erlangen.
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016667:Bacterial Capsules; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008583:Meningitis, Haemophilus / Q000188:drug therapy; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; C044237:Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial
Haemophilus influenzae Typ B. Erkrankung und Prophylaxe.