[Care systems for alcohol-related problems in 90 years. From psalm singing and compulsory work to ambulatory treatment and the Minnesota model].
The article describes the development of the Norwegian systems for treatment and care of persons with alcohol-related problems during the last 90 years. The first institutions were run by religious organizations. Public interest was low, and the social framework consisted of compulsory regulations and a focus on clients with severe problems. Following World War II the disease concept of alcoholism was developed. This provided the system with new optimism, and more differentiated and medically oriented treatment. In 1970 the forced labour institutions were closed down, and new institutions were established which provided care. However, the inadequately staffed treatment centres, had a difficult time. Towards the end of the decade scientists started attacking the old myths about alcohol and "alcoholism". During the 1980s all programmes of treatment and care were regionalized, and the systems for treatment and care of persons with alcohol-related problems have become more closely linked to other health and social welfare services in society. Less severely handicapped clients are approached, and the focus is on out-patient treatment. It has become more usual to involve clients' families/social networks. A new system of private institutions is developing. These function in accordance with the Minnesota-model, which again highlights the concept of alcoholism as a disease.
Kjølstad
H
H
A-Senteret, Oslo.
D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009664:Norway; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group
Alkoholistomsorgen i 90 år. Fra salmesang og tvangsarbeid til poliklinisk behandling og Minnesotabølge.