Experimental models and biological mechanisms for tumor promotion.
Studies of skin tumor induction in the mouse have demonstrated that the process of carcinogenesis can be divided into two discrete stages: initiation and promotion. Research over the last twenty years has shown that this two-stage model generally applies to tumor induction in epithelial tissues. In many cases, the initiating event is the induction of a dominant mutation in a cellular proto-oncogene. The promotion stage is complex, and represents a composite of events involving alteration in the expression of specific genes, proliferation of the initiated cell and its clonal descendants, and accumulation of additional genetic alterations.
McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
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Drinkwater
D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced; D051379:Mice; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced*; D051381:Rats; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced
D002273:Carcinogens