Lead toxicity in the shipbreaking industry: the Ontario experience.
Lead exposure occurs during ship demolition when the ship structure has been previously coated with lead-based paint. An investigation and follow-up of employee lead exposure at the 4 shipbreaking operations in Southern Ontario revealed widespread excessive lead exposure. Air sampling results for lead were above the Ontario standard at all locations. 34 of 113 workers (30%) had at least one blood lead above 3.4 mumol/L*; 50% of workers at one company had results above 2.5 mumol/L. At these blood levels, neurologic, renal and hematologic effects may develop. Institution of control measures (appropriate respirators and hygiene practices, worker education and training, prompt employee notification of blood lead levels) reduced employee lead exposure and lowered blood lead results. Continued vigilance and ongoing employee education and training are required to prevent lead toxicity in shipbreaking. *70 micrograms/100 ml = 3.4 mumol/L.
Halton Regional Health Unit, Oakville, Ontario.
R M
RM
Nosal
W J
WJ
Wilhelm
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009790:Occupations; D012767:Ships; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D007854:Lead