Spinal sensory and motor tract activation after epidural electrical stimulation in the cat.
Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) after peripheral nerve stimulation and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) after transcranial stimulation have been routinely used as monitors of the viability of pathways in the posterior and anterior spinal cord, respectively, in patients undergoing spinal cord surgery. To assess total spinal cord function, both of these procedures must be performed simultaneously, which is both cumbersome and technically difficult. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate both sensory and motor spinal tract activation after epidural electrical stimulation of the cat spinal cord. Thirty-seven adult mongrel cats were anesthetized with ketamine, intubated, and maintained with Ethrane and nitrous oxide. Stimulating electrodes were placed over the right dorsolateral spinal cord epidurally at T7 after a laminectomy. Recording electrodes were placed over the right L3 spinal cord epidurally, on the right L7 dorsal and ventral nerve roots, on the right and left sciatic nerves in the popliteal fossa, and in the right gastrocnemius muscle. After epidural stimulation of the spinal cord at T11, distinct reproducible potentials were recorded at each site. Activity in the L7 dorsal root implicated activation of spinal sensory tracts. Activity in the L7 ventral root and in the gastrocnemius implicated activation of spinal motoneurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Niznik
G
G
KDL Spine Center, Alliant Health Systems, Louisville, Kentucky.
Transfeldt
E E
EE
Shichijo
F
F
Ohshima
T
T
Pomeranz
B
B
D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000502:physiology