title: Oral contraceptives.
abstract: Management of oral contraception requires an understanding of the relationships between the method's effectiveness, noncontraceptive benefits, and hormonal adverse effects. The new multiphasic combinations or OCs containing 35 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol and 0.5-1.0 mg of norethindrone or equivalent result in a maximum combination of efficacy and safety for the patient with minimal annoying problems for the patient and the prescriber. Patient education regarding early warning symptoms of adverse effects, breakthrough bleeding, and lack of withdrawal bleeding adds an additional margin of safety and reduces patient questions and uncertainties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ellsworth
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Leversee
mesh_terms: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal