title: New approaches in the treatment of the dystonias.
abstract: At this point the treatment of dystonias remains highly empirical. Secondary dystonias, especially those related to specific drug treatment, have to be ruled out carefully. A few dystonic subgroups respond well to levodopa medication. In the other syndromes, anticholinergics are the usual first choice. In focal conditions botulinum toxin injections seem to be the most effective regimen, although there are only a few long-term studies. Surgical procedures are an ultimate option.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Neurochirurgie der Universität Köln.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Diederich
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Comella
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D004421:Dystonia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000379:methods; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D007980:Levodopa; D001905:Botulinum Toxins