title: Dose response of dairy cows to ammonium salts of volatile fatty acids.
abstract: In previous studies ammonium salts of a mixture of isobutyrate, 2-methylbutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate were fed in a corn silage, corn, corn gluten meal, and urea diet to Holstein cows throughout lactation to define the optimum level of ammonium salts of milk production. The objective of this work was to conduct another dose response study using other forage and protein sources and to determine the effects of decreasing VFA intakes as lactation advanced. The concentrate portion of the diet contained 0, .4, .8, 1.2, or 1.6% ammonium salts of VFA. The forage to concentrate ratio was 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 for the first, middle, and last third of lactation, respectively. The study was conducted at four university locations using 191 Holstein cows. Feeds used included corn silage, alfalfa silage or hay, corn, soybean meal, minerals, and vitamins. Treatment x location interactions were significant for milk yield during early lactation. During mid- and late lactation, supplemental VFA (.8%) improved milk and protein yield. Milk composition was not greatly affected by feeding VFA. In mid-lactation, cows fed .8% ammonium salts of VFA ate more feed than did controls. Feed efficiencies were similar among groups throughout the experiment. Cows fed VFA tended to gain less BW during lactation than did controls. Health and reproduction were not different among groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Otterby
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Towns
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Erdman
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Van Horn
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds