title: Effect of acute cardiac tamponade on left ventricular pressure-volume relations in anaesthetised dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to determine whether depressed myocardial contractility is responsible for the decline in stroke volume that occurs with cardiac tamponade.
  
  
  METHODS
  Left ventricular contractile performance was assessed before and after beta adrenergic blockade using the end systolic pressure-volume relation, the left ventricular dP/dtmax-end diastolic volume relation, and the left ventricular stroke work-end diastolic volume relation during acute cardiac tamponade in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In eight pentobarbitone anaesthetised dogs (15.7-24.8 kg), transducer tipped and volume impedance catheters were positioned in the left ventricle. Through a median sternotomy incision, a pericardial catheter was inserted to produce varying stages of cardiac tamponade. By the use of transient bicaval occlusions, variably loaded pressure-volume loops were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incremental tamponade reduced mean arterial pressure from 105(SEM 3) to 89(2) mm Hg (mild tamponade), 75(2) mm Hg (moderate tamponade), and 59(10) mm Hg (severe tamponade). The slope of the end systolic pressure-volume relation was 6.3(1.2) mm Hg.ml-1 at baseline and increased slightly to 7.7(1.8), 8.5(1.3), and 9.2(1.5) mm Hg.ml-1 with the progressive levels of tamponade (NS). The role of autonomic reflexes was assessed by repeating the tamponade sequence after beta adrenergic blockade with 10 mg of metoprolol intravenously. The slope of the end systolic pressure-volume relation was reduced by metoprolol, at 4.9(1.0) mm Hg.ml-1 (p less than 0.01), but was not significantly altered by the sequence of tamponade following beta blockade [5.6(0.9), 6.0(1.0), and 5.5(7.0) mm Hg.ml-1, respectively (NS)]. Neither were changes found indicative of depressed contractile function with progressive tamponade in the slopes of the left ventricular dP/dtmax-end diastolic volume and stroke work-end diastolic volume relations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left ventricular contractility was not altered during acute cardiac tamponade in an anaesthetised, closed chest canine model. Depressed left ventricular contractile function was not responsible for the observed haemodynamic deterioration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vinten-Johansen
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Klopfenstein
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Santamore
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002305:Cardiac Tamponade / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*