title: The relative biological effectiveness of fractionated doses of fast neutrons (42 MeVd----Be) for normal tissues in the pig. II. Late effects on cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues.
abstract: The late effects of irradiation with single and fractionated doses of X rays (250 kV) and fast neutrons (42 MeVd----Bc), on the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues of the pig, have been evaluated from measurements of changes in relative field length. These were determined at intervals of 26-104 weeks after irradiation. For fractionated irradiation with X rays the average fractions exponent, N, obtained from a log-log plot of iso-effect dose (ED50) against fraction number was 0.41. This was independent of the period of assessment, with no significant indication of a time factor. However, the exponent N did vary with the level of effect and was in the range 0.33-0.51. It was greatest for a greater than or equal to 10% reduction in relative field length. Assuming the validity of the linear quadratic model of cell survival, the alpha/beta ratio was 1.95 Gy. However, this model fitted the data less well for the least severe levels of damage, and for these the alpha/beta ratios were not significantly different from zero. Irradiation with fast neutrons showed a small effect of fractionation for doses given in greater than or equal to 6 fractions compared with a single dose. There was no significant increase in iso-effect dose when the dose was given in 30 fractions compared with 6 fractions. The relative biological effectiveness for late cutaneous and subcutaneous damage for the energy of fast neutrons used did not vary with the period of assessment, i.e. 26-52 weeks compared with 65-104 weeks, and was not significantly different from that previously obtained for ischaemic dermal necrosis, seen after higher doses, at 12-20 weeks after irradiation.
authors.affiliation: CRC Normal Tissue Radiobiology Research Group, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hopewell
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corp
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sansom
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wiernik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005214:Fast Neutrons; D005260:Female; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000209:etiology*; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors