title: Facial bone fracture associated with carotid-cavernous sinus fistula.
abstract: Out of 989 cases of facial bone fracture, ten patients had carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas (1.01%). Their ages ranged from 25 to 48 years. Seven were male and three female. Two of the ten patients had lower third, three patients had middle third, three patients had upper third, and two patients had combined middle and lower third facial bone fractures. The signs and symptoms of a fistula appeared from the first postinjury day up to 50 days after the injury (mean, 21 days). Four patients had symptoms after operation for facial bone fracture. Most fistulae were identified by arteriography before treatment. Followup ranged from 1 year, 8 months, to 5 years, 9 months (mean, 2 years, 9 months). One patient had a malocclusion. Nine patients had complete resolution of their bruits. Complications included unilateral complete visual loss (two), CSF rhinorrhea (two), and stroke in one of the two CSF rhinorrhea patients. One patient expired due to a severe head injury, and there was one death from an unrelated cause.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Y R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Noordhoff
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D002346:Carotid Sinus; D002426:Cavernous Sinus; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery