Pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol in sheep after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration.
The pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol were studied in sheep after 3 single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administrations (30 mg/kg). The two extravascular routes were studied during a crossover trial for a bioequivalence test. After IV and SC administrations, the plasma-concentration time graphs were characteristic of a two-compartment model, and after IM administration it was characteristic of a monocompartment model. The two routes of absorption were not bioequivalent. Using the kinetic values, multidose regimens to maintain the therapeutic chloramphenicol blood level (5 micrograms/ml) were proposed: 60 mg/kg every 12 hours for 72 hours for the IM administration and 45 mg/kg administered subcutaneously according to the same regimen. A study of the chloramphenicol residues in tissues was carried out. Chloramphenicol residues remained at the injection site, and 400 hours would be necessary to obtain the level of 10 micrograms/kg. Determination of the creatinine phosphokinase serum values showed that the subcutaneous route induced less damage to muscle than the intramuscular route.
Dagorn
M
M
Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Forêt CNEVA, Centre National d'Etudes Vétérinaires et Alimentaires, Fougeres, France.
Guillot
P
P
Sanders
P
P
D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000662:veterinary; D009132:Muscles / Q000473:pathology; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D002701:Chloramphenicol; D003402:Creatine Kinase