title: Retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of dogs during ejaculation or after sedation with xylazine.
abstract: Retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of dogs during ejaculation or after administration of xylazine was examined. In experiment 1, the mean (+/- SD) spermatozoal concentration in urine collected by cystocentesis before ejaculation was 0.322 +/- 0.645 X 10(6)/ml. After ejaculation, motile spermatozoa were present in the urine collected by cystocentesis from 12 of 15 dogs, and the concentration of spermatozoa in the urine (5.139 +/- 7.014 X 10(6)/ml) was higher (P less than 0.025) than the concentration in the urine collected before ejaculation. The percentage of the total number of spermatozoa that were displaced during ejaculation and flowed into the urinary bladder (retrograde flow) ranged from 0 to 99.75% (24.67 +/- 33.98%). In experiments 2 and 3, administration of xylazine to sexually rested dogs induced retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder. In experiment 2, all dogs had spermatozoa in urine collected after xylazine administration, with motile spermatozoa present in the urine from 9 of 10 dogs. In experiment 3, urine collected from dogs before administration of xylazine was azoospermic or contained few, nonmotile spermatozoa (0.063 +/- 0.135 X 10(6)/ml), whereas urine collected after administration of xylazine had more (P less than 0.025) and motile spermatozoa (3.717 +/- 4.273 X 10(6)/ml). In experiment 4, administration of xylazine to dogs after ejaculation did not increase the concentration of spermatozoa in the urine. Results indicate that spermatozoa flow into the urinary bladder of dogs during ejaculation or after administration of xylazine to sexually rested dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dooley
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pineda
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hopper
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004542:Ejaculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D013076:Sperm Count / Q000662:veterinary; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001743:Urinary Bladder; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology; D014991:Xylazine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014991:Xylazine