title: Holoprosencephaly: prenatal diagnosis by sonography and magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on two women at the 33rd and 34th pregnancy week, respectively, after ultrasonographic detection of a brain malformation. Fetal neuromuscular blockade was induced by pancuronium bromide injected into the umbilical vein under continuous ultrasound (US) guidance. MR images supported the echotomographic diagnosis of holoprosencephaly, improving the image quality and offering additional information in such cases of difficult differential fetal diagnosis. Holoprosencephaly was finally confirmed by neonatal US and autopsy (case 1), US, CT and MR (case 2).
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Radiologia, Instituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tomà
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Magnano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cariati
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lituania
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D016142:Holoprosencephaly / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010197:Pancuronium; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D010197:Pancuronium