title: Sexual and physical abuse in women with functional or organic gastrointestinal disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of a history of sexual and physical abuse in women seen in a referral-based gastroenterology practice, to determine whether patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders report greater frequencies of abuse than do patients with organic gastrointestinal diseases, and to determine whether a history of abuse is associated with more symptom reporting and health care utilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive sample of women seen in a university-based gastroenterology practice over a 2-month period was asked to complete a brief questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  The self-administered questionnaire requested information about demographics, symptoms, health care utilization, and history of abuse. Physicians indicated the primary diagnosis for each patient and whether she had ever discussed having been sexually or physically abused.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 206 patients, 89 (44%) reported a history of sexual or physical abuse in childhood or later in life; all but 1 of the physically abused patients had been sexually abused. Almost one third of the abused patients had never discussed their experiences with anyone; only 17% had informed their doctors. Patients with functional disorders were more likely than those with organic disease diagnoses to report a history of forced intercourse (odds ratio, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.03 to 4.21) and frequent physical abuse (odds ratio, 11.39; CI, 2.22 to 58.48), chronic or recurrent abdominal pain (odds ratio, 2.06; CI, 1.03 to 4.12), and more lifetime surgeries (2.7 compared with 2.0 surgeries; P less than 0.03). Abused patients were more likely than nonabused patients to report pelvic pain (odds ratio, 4.05; CI, 1.41 to 11.69), multiple somatic symptoms (7.1 compared with 5.8 symptoms; P less than 0.001), and more lifetime surgeries (2.8 compared with 2.0 surgeries; P less than 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that a history of sexual and physical abuse is a frequent, yet hidden, experience in women seen in referral-based gastroenterology practice and is particularly common in those with functional gastrointestinal disorders. A history of abuse, regardless of diagnosis, is associated with greater risk for symptom reporting and lifetime surgeries.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Drossman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leserman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nachman
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gluck
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Toomey
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000150:complications*; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000150:complications; D003109:Colonic Diseases, Functional / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D012742:Sex Offenses; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000150:complications*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires