title: Pharmacokinetics and renal clearance of ampicillin in sheep.
abstract: Pharmacokinetics and renal clearance of ampicillin were investigated in 13 sheep, following one single oral dose of 750 mg. A peak concentration in plasma 0.38 +/- 0.04 microgram/ml (mean +/- SEM) was achieved 95.3 +/- 5.95 min after drug administration. Absorption half-life was 44.4 +/- 4.4 min. The area under the plasma concentration curve was 94.6 +/- 4.5 micrograms.hour.ml-1, while in the case of urine it was 370.5 +/- 28.3 micrograms.hour.ml-1. Biological half-life of ampicillin was 110 +/- 3 min, with an elimination rate constant of 0.0064 +/- 0.0002 min-1. The values for volume of distribution and total body clearance were 8.2 +/- 0.71/kg or 52.0 +/- 4.2 ml/kg/min, respectively. The priming and maintenance doses, using MIC as 0.05 microgram/ml, were suggested to be 8.8 or 8.4 mg/kg, respectively, at an 8-h interval. For MIC of 0.5 microgram/ml, this dose should be 10 times higher. Renal clearance of ampicillin seemed to involve active tubular secretion. Renal excretion indicated either extensive metabolism or excretion through routes other than kidneys.
authors.affiliation: University of Agriculture, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nawaz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nawaz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000667:Ampicillin