title: Dyspnea.
abstract: A multidimensional model of dyspnea that includes sensation, perception, distress, response, and reporting components is presented. Assessment tools currently available are evaluated as are recent research findings for pharmacologic, oxygen, physical, and psychologic treatments. This article concludes by suggesting a role for the nurse in dyspnea amelioration.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Gift
mesh_terms: D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans