title: Dentists' voice control: effects on children's disruptive and affective behavior.
abstract: Voice control, a punishment technique based on loud commands, has been used widely in pediatric dentistry. This study examined whether (a) loudness is a necessary component of the technique, (b) voice control actually reduces children's disruptive behavior, and (c) after treatment, children's negative affect increases. Subjects were forty 3 1/2- to 7-year-olds who posed potential behavior problems and who were scheduled for cavity restoration. Children were assigned randomly to either loud- or normal-voice groups. Children who were assigned to either group but who were not disruptive formed a nonexperimental control group. Prior to and after treatment, children reported their feelings using the Self-Assessment Mannequin. Disruptive behavior was scored using the Behavior Profile Rating Scale. Results indicated that, following loud, but not normal voice commands, children reduced their disruptive behavior (p less than .004) and self-reported lower arousal (p less than .09) and greater pleasure (p less than .10). Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Policy Analysis, Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612-3899.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Greenbaum
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Melamed
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003812:Dentist-Patient Relations; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D012057:Reinforcement, Verbal; D014833:Voice Quality