title: Results of 5,035 stone analyses: a contribution to epidemiology of urinary stone disease.
abstract: Between 1978 and 1988 5,035 urinary calculi have been analysed by X-ray diffractometry. 1,615 of these stones have additionally been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The overall sex-ratio was 1.86 (m/f). Ca-stones and uric acid containing stones are more frequent in male patients (m/f = 2.08 and 3.86, respectively) whereas infection stones and cystine stones show a higher rate of appearance in female patients (m/f = 0.6 and 0.88, respectively). The percentage of open surgery ranged about 30% in the first few years but decreased to 5-7% in the last few years due to the new methods of stone removal. The rate of occurrence of the crystalline phases does not differ remarkably from other statistics except for a higher incidence of apatite because of the high sensitivity of detection of this phase by SEM. The recurrence rate of brushite stones amounting to 66.7% is very high and exceeds even that of cystine stones (60.7%).
authors.affiliation: Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik der Westf. Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, FRG.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Leusmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blaschke
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schmandt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000453:epidemiology