title: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the determination of triazine herbicides in water.
abstract: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared to a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) procedure for the analysis of triazine herbicides and their metabolites in surface water and groundwater. Apparent recoveries from natural water and spiked water by both methods were comparable at 0.2-2 micrograms/L. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was examined also, and recoveries were determined for a suite of triazine herbicides. A significant correlation was obtained between the ELISA and GC/MS method for natural water samples that were extracted by SPE. Because ELISA was developed with an atrazine-like compound as the hapten with conjugation at the 2-position, it was selective for triazines that contained both ethyl and isopropyl side chains. Concentrations for 50% inhibition (IC50) were as follows: atrazine, 0.4 microgram/L; ametryne, 0.45 microgram/L; prometryn and propazine, 0.5 microgram/L; prometon, 0.7 microgram/L; simazine and terbutryn, 2.5 micrograms/L; hydroxyatrazine, 28 micrograms/L; deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine, 30 micrograms/L; cyanazine, 40 micrograms/L; didealkylatrazine had no response. The combination of screening analysis by ELISA, which requires no sample preparation and works on 160 microL of sample, and confirmation by GC/MS was designed for rapid, inexpensive analysis of triazine herbicides in water.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Lawrence, Kansas 66049.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Thurman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pomes
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Schwab
mesh_terms: D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical