title: Epidurography in premature infants.
abstract: A caudal epidural catheter was inserted in 20 premature, high risk infants for abdominal or thoracic surgery under combined caudal epidural and general anaesthesia. Epidurography was used to confirm the position of the catheter which was found to be misplaced in three patients. The catheter penetrated the dura in one case, in another the tip was located in an epidural vessel and in the third the catheter was seen to be curled up within the epidural space. It was concluded that epidurographic control is essential with this method of anaesthesia in very small infants, in whom it was found to provide considerable advantages despite serious risks.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital for Children and Youth, Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Niekerk
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Bax-Vermeire
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Geurts
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal / Q000379:methods*; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002404:Catheterization; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011859:Radiography; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging