title: Evidence for an acetoxyarylamine as the ultimate mutagenic reactive intermediate of the carcinogenic aromatic amine 2,4-diaminotoluene.
abstract: 2,4-Diaminotoluene (2,4-DAT) is a mutagenic and hepatocarcinogenic aromatic amine, requiring metabolic activation. We have found that the mutagenic potency of 2,4-DAT in Salmonella TA98 is similar when activated by either Aroclor-1254-induced rat primary hepatocytes or 9000 x g supernatant. Previous work has demonstrated that 2,4-DAT is activated by cytochrome P450. The present report describes an investigation of the role of acetyltransferase in 2,4-DAT activation. Substitution of TA98 with the acetyltransferase-deficient strain TA98/1,8-DNP6 resulted in an approximately 90% decrease in the mutagenic potency for 2,4-DAT using S9 activation. The newly engineered acetyltransferase-enhanced Salmonella tester strain YG1024 (TA98(pYG219] demonstrated greatly enhanced sensitivity to the mutagenicity of 2,4-DAT. Inhibition of O-acetyltransferase activity, either with the selective acetyltransferase inhibitor thiolactomycin, or by competitive inhibition with an alternative substrate for the enzyme, reduced the mutagenicity of 2,4-DAT in this acetyltransferase-enhanced bacterial strain. From these data we conclude that following 2,4-DAT activation by N-hydroxylation by cytochrome P450, the resulting hydroxylamino intermediate is further activated in the bacteria via O-acetylation to form the ultimate reactive intermediate, which is postulated to be 4-acetoxyamino-2-aminotoluene.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014052:Toluidines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D011725:Pyridines; D013876:Thiophenes; D014052:Toluidines; C013109:metapyrone; C025107:4-acetylamino-2-aminotoluene; C035068:thiolactomycin; D000123:Acetyltransferases; C010914:2,4-diaminotoluene