title: A pressure-sensitive mat for measuring contact pressure distributions of patients lying on hospital beds.
abstract: The authors describe a novel system for sensing and displaying the distribution of contact pressure caused by a patient's lying on a hospital bed. The system includes a flexible, pressure-sensitive mat, electronics to activate the mat, a small computer to process data, and a color video display. The present prototypes can sense pressure at 1,536 discrete locations in a rectangular grid of 24 x 64 nodes, each node representing an area of 4 cm2. The computer receives data from each node and displays the results as a false-color map, refreshable every 5 seconds. The pressure-sensitive mat itself includes two orthogonal arrays of ribbon-like conductors, composed of silver-coated nylon fabric, which are separated by insulating open-cell foam rubber. The system monitors the electrical capacitance between selected pairs of horizontal and vertical conductors on opposite sides of the foam. The crossing points form pressure-sensitive nodes. Increased contact pressure compresses the foam, thereby decreasing the distance between the conductors and increasing the capacitance. Node capacitance is determined by measuring the current through it from a voltage source. The outputs of the various nodes are scanned, normalized, and converted to pressures using the known compressive stress-strain relationship for the foam, and the data are then displayed as a false-color image of the pressure distribution.
authors.affiliation: Hillenbrand Biomedical Engineering Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Babbs
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bourland
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Graber
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Schoenlein
mesh_terms: D001513:Beds; D002138:Calibration; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008838:Microcomputers; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation; D011312:Pressure; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000517:prevention & control; D013484:Supination / Q000502:physiology*