title: GM-CSF incubation prior to treatment with cytarabine or doxorubicin enhances drug activity against AML cells in vitro: a model for leukemia chemotherapy.
abstract: We studied the effect of preincubation with recombinant GM-CSF on the activity of cytarabine and doxorubicin against clonogenic acute myeloid leukemia cells (CFU-AML). Leukemia cells from seven persons with AML, three myeloid cell lines (HL60, KG1, K562) and two control cell lines (U937, MOLT3) were tested. Preincubation with GM-CSF (0.01-0.1 microgram/ml) increased DNA synthesis as measured by tritiated thymidine incorporation and intranuclear Ki67 expression in cells from six persons with AML and in HL60 cells. Leukemia cells preincubated with GM-CSF for 6-48 h were exposed to cytarabine (2-200 micrograms/ml) or doxorubicin (0.01-0.1 microgram/ml) for 3 h and CFU-AML assayed. This approach further reduced CFU-AML in samples from six persons with AML and in HL60 and KG1 cells compared to cells not preincubated with GM-CSF prior to drug treatment. In most instances, reduced CFU-AML correlated with GM-CSF induced DNA synthesis. These data suggest a possible strategy of GM-CSF pretreatment to increase anti-leukemia efficacy of chemotherapy in AML.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Butturini
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Santucci
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perocco
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tura
mesh_terms: D003561:Cytarabine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D003561:Cytarabine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor