title: Activity-sensing permanent internal pacemaker dysfunction during helicopter aeromedical transport.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to establish the frequency, magnitude, and possible etiologies of the dysfunction of activity-sensing internal pacemakers during helicopter aeromedical transport.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two models of Medtronic Activitrax pacemakers were attached externally to healthy adult volunteers. Each volunteer then was loaded into the helicopter and subjected to a flight sequence. Pacemaker firing rates throughout this sequence were recorded.
  
  
  METHODS
  On separate days, Aerospatiale Dauphin and Twinstar helicopters completed a total of 23 flights.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four healthy adult volunteers, two men and two women, participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  These included intra- and inter-flight threshold re-programming and external magnet application.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average preflight pacemaker rate of 65 beats per minute increased to an average in-flight rate of 105 beats per minute, which resolved to preflight rates on shutdown. This pattern was consistently extinguished with external magnet application.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of rotor motion and flight vibration on the rate-response of the Activitrax pacemaker is both predictable and easily preventable. Possible guidelines for the safe transport of these patients, using pacemaker reprogramming or external magnet application, are examined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232-2861.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: O'Dell
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Blumen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000401:Aircraft; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000592:standards*; D012399:Rotation; D012984:Software; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D014187:Transportation of Patients; D014732:Vibration