title: Effect of TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and bFGF on chick cartilage and muscle cell differentiation.
abstract: In insulin containing defined medium TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and bFGF all stimulate chondrogenic differentiation in high-density micromass cultures of distal limb bud mesenchyme cells of chick embryos. In addition bFGF inhibits myogenic differentiation, while TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 appear to have no effect. TGF-beta 1 and bFGF together act additively to enhance chondrogenesis, while TGF-beta blocks the bFGF inhibitory action on myoblasts, thus allowing them to differentiate. In the absence of insulin, the inhibitory effect of bFGF on muscle cell differentiation is reduced; cartilage differentiation in the presence of the above growth factors is also slightly reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College, Middlesex Hospital School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Schofield
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wolpert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D009132:Muscles / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009218:Myosins / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D009218:Myosins