title: Congenital craniofacial anomalies of ophthalmic importance.
abstract: Congenital craniofacial abnormalities frequently require ophthalmic evaluation and surgical management. Called upon to perform as part of the craniofacial team managing the often severely deformed craniofacial patient, the ophthalmologist must bring a basic knowledge of craniofacial syndromes and developmental anatomy, as well as clinical acumen to help preserve or improve ocular and adnexal function. As an introduction to this area of ophthalmology, the clinical features, classification, appropriate facial embryology, assessment and surgical considerations of the various congenital craniofacial abnormalities are reviewed. The expanding availability of craniofacial surgeons and surgical teams along with improved surgical results will ultimately require an increasing involvement by many more ophthalmologists in the evaluation and management of these congenital abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Fries
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Katowitz
mesh_terms: D003394:Craniofacial Dysostosis; D003398:Craniosynostoses; D005124:Eye Abnormalities; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology; D006801:Humans; D009915:Orbit / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology; D013577:Syndrome