title: Effects of lithotripter fields on development of chick embryos.
abstract: Chick embryos at 72 h incubation were subjected to three double shock waves from a Wolf Model 2137.50 Electrohydraulic Lithotripter. The pressure amplitude at the embryo was adjusted by variation of the distance from the source to the embryo. After a total of 120 h of incubation, they were assessed for developmental abnormalities. Early deaths, delayed deaths and malformations were all significantly increased at pressures of 10 MPa with suggestions of possible effects at lower pressure levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rochester, NY 14627.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Child
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Carstensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology*; D005313:Fetal Death; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects*