title: Pathways of human exposure to arsenic in a community surrounding a copper smelter.
abstract: Several studies have found elevated levels of urinary arsenic among residents living near a copper smelter in Tacoma, Washington. To assess pathways of exposure to arsenic from the smelter, biological and environmental samples were collected longitudinally from 121 households up to 8 miles from the smelter. The concentration of inorganic and methylated arsenic compounds in spot urine samples was used as the primary measure of exposure to environmental arsenic. Urinary concentration of arsenic dropped off to a constant background level within one-half mile of the smelter in contrast to environmental concentrations, which decreased more steadily with increasing distance. Among all age-sex-specific groups in all areas, only children ages 0-6 living within one-half mile of the smelter had elevated levels of arsenic in urine. A separate analysis of data for these children suggests that hand-to-mouth activity was the primary source of exposure. Inhalation of ambient air and resuspension of contaminated soil were not important sources of exposure for children or adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Polissar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lowry-Coble
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kalman
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Belle
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Covert
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Burbacher
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bolgiano
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Mottet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003300:Copper; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014861:Washington; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003300:Copper; D001151:Arsenic