title: Cognitive performance and mood in patients with chronic insomnia during 14-day use of flurazepam and midazolam.
abstract: The 99 chronic insomniacs examined in the present multicenter study were given three cognitive tasks (reading comprehension, addition, and digit symbol substitution test [DSST]) as well as the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) in order to evaluate the effects of flurazepam (Dalmane) 15 and 30 mg, midazolam 15 mg, and placebo on cognitive performance and mood. Subjective evaluation of performance was also obtained. A significant person in the patient's life was also asked to evaluate the patient's mood before and during the 14-day treatment interval. After a 20-day washout, next-day performance and mood were evaluated after placebo nights -1 and 0 (baseline) and after treatment nights 1, 2 (early interval), 7 (middle interval), and 13 and 14 (late interval). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on changes from baseline indicated no significant between-groups treatment effects for reading comprehension or any of the mood variables at any interval. Patients on flurazepam 30 mg performed less well compared with other groups even though, after completion of the tasks, this group believed that they performed as well as those on the other regimens. Performances by flurazepam 15 mg, midazolam, and placebo groups were similar. Significant others tended to rate high-dose flurazepam patients more negatively. High-dose flurazepam patients had a significant change on the DSST and addition tasks due to treatment after the first night, and change in performance remained significantly impaired for the DSST task relative to that of the other groups thereafter.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ellinwood
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: McAdams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005479:Flurazepam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000187:drug effects; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D005479:Flurazepam; D008874:Midazolam