Stability of epinephrine in alkalinized solutions.
OBJECTIVE
Increasing the pH of an epinephrine solution favors its oxidation and may result in a decrease in its biological activity. It is therefore generally assumed that epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate should not be infused in the same IV line during CPR. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of this widely accepted proposition.


METHODS
Two different commercial solutions of epinephrine differing only in the concentration of sodium metabisulfite (0.46% and 0.02%) were studied. Two dosages of each solution type (1 mg/1 mL and 10 mg/10 mL) were diluted in 250 mL of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate.


RESULTS
The concentration of epinephrine was measured at different times for two weeks. It was found that the concentration of epinephrine decreased slowly to zero after two weeks, and was approximately at 70% and 100% of control values at 30 minutes after alkalinization.


CONCLUSIONS
It was concluded that epinephrine in an alkaline solution is effectively oxidized but has a slow reaction that may not be clinically relevant over short periods of time.
Bonhomme
L
L
Laboratoire de Pharmacie et de Toxicologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France.
Benhamou
D
D
Comoy
E
E
Preaux
N
N
D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004355:Drug Stability; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013447:Sulfites / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
D001639:Bicarbonates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013447:Sulfites; C005200:sodium metabisulfite; D004837:Epinephrine