title: Holoacardius amorphus totalis in two Friesian cows carrying natural and induced twins.
abstract: Two cases of holoacardius amorphus totalis are described and the classification, epidemiology, aetiology and pathophysiology of the condition are reviewed. One case is the first reported example of holoacardius amorphus totalis in a dairy cow carrying twins induced by embryo transfer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mee
mesh_terms: D009008:Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012737:Sex Factors; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000235:genetics