title: Recent advances in myocardial protection using antegrade/retrograde blood cardioplegia.
abstract: This presentation details techniques of delivery of antegrade/retrograde blood cardioplegia to ensure its distribution to prevent ischemic damage during aortic clamping, and describes methods of using warm blood cardioplegia to "resuscitate" the heart when used to induce cardioplegia and "avoid reperfusion damage" when given just before aortic unclamping. A technique of rapid transatrial cannulation of the coronary sinus is described to permit safe, rapid, and simple use of retrograde cardioplegia and avoid right heart isolation. Theoretic objectives of these operative techniques are discussed, together with presentation of the specific methods of achieving the aforementioned goals of using blood cardioplegia for resuscitation, prevention, and avoidance of ischemic and reperfusion damage. The preliminary clinical experience with antegrade/retrograde cardioplegia is summarized, and these results have led to adoption of these techniques of blood cardioplegia as the preferred method of myocardial protection in all adult operations and in many pediatric cardiac procedures.
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Surgery 90024.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Buckberg
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta; D001769:Blood; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D003250:Constriction; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions