title: Biological control of Salmonella typhimurium in young chickens.
abstract: The effect of dietary lactose and anaerobic cultures of cecal microflora of mature chickens on the colonization of young broiler chickens by Salmonella typhimurium was evaluated. Newly hatched chicks were given either no treatment (controls), anaerobic cecal cultures, lactose (2.5%) in the drinking water, or both anaerobic cultures and lactose. Chicks were challenged per os at 3 days of age with either 10(6) or 10(8) S. typhimurium resistant to nalidixic acid and novobiocin. On day 10, the cecal contents of the chicks were examined for S. typhimurium, pH, short-chained volatile fatty acids (VFAs), undissociated VFAs, and lactic acid. Chicks given either lactose alone or cecal anaerobes alone had significantly (P less than 0.05) fewer S. typhimurium recovered from their ceca than the controls. Chicks given the combination of dietary lactose and cecal anaerobes had significantly fewer S. typhimurium recovered from their ceca than the chicks given dietary lactose or cecal anaerobes alone. Chicks given lactose had significant (P less than 0.05) increases in the lactic acid concentration of their cecal contents. Increased lactic acid concentrations were directly correlated to decreased cecal pH values and caused a reduction in the total concentration of VFAs but a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the undissociated form of some VFAs.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Veterinary Toxicology and Entomology Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77840.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Corrier
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Spates
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ziprin
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: DeLoach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000254:growth & development; D002432:Cecum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007785:Lactose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007785:Lactose