Transmission of HIV-1 infections from mothers to infants in Haiti. Impact on childhood mortality and malnutrition. The CDS/JHU AIDS Project Team.
Of 4588 pregnant women in a high-risk Haitian population, 443 (9.7%) were serologically positive for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Infants born to women who were HIV-1 seropositive were more likely to be premature, of low birth weight, and malnourished at 3 and 6 months of age than were infants born to women who were HIV-1 seronegative. Increased mortality was observed in infants born to women who were HIV-1 seropositive by 3 months of age. At 12 months of age, 23.4% of the infants born to women who were HIV-1 seropositive had died compared with 10.8% of the infants born to women who were HIV-1 seronegative; at 24 months of age, the mortality rates were 31.3% and 14.2%, respectively. Maternal HIV-1 infections resulted in an 11.7% increase in the overall infant mortality rate in this population. The estimated mother-to-infant HIV-1 transmission rate in these breast-fed infants was 25%, similar to the rates reported for non-breast-fed populations in the United States and Europe.
Halsey
N A
NA
Department of International Health, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., 21205.
Boulos
R
R
Holt
E
E
Ruff
A
A
Brutus
J R
JR
Kissinger
P
P
Quinn
T C
TC
Coberly
J S
JS
Adrien
M
M
Boulos
C
C
D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000635:transmission*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1; D006205:Haiti / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007228:Infant Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology