title: Immobilization 12 days (but not one hour) earlier enhanced 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced immunosuppression: evidence for stressor-induced time-dependent sensitization of the immune system.
abstract: 1. Prior exposure to a stressor can either increase or decrease subsequent behavioral, neurochemical, and endocrine reactivity to stress, depending on the pattern of stress exposure. 2. Massed or frequent exposures typically induce a reduction in reactivity whereas intermittent or widely spaced exposures increase subsequent reactivity. 3. In the present study, the authors examined whether a single presentation of a temporally remote stressor would increase the immunosuppressive effects of a subsequent stressor. Specifically, the authors investigated the effectiveness of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) in suppressing the responsiveness of splenic lymphocytes in male, Sprague-Dawley rats that received either no prior treatment, or immobilization either one hour or 12 days earlier. 4. Splenic lymphocyte responsiveness to the T-cell mitogens, Concanavalin A (Con-A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was suppressed following a single injection of 2-DG. 5. The group exposed to the stress of immobilization one hour prior to 2-DG demonstrated a comparable level of immune suppression. 6. In contrast, animals immobilized 12 days prior to the administration of 2-DG showed a more pronounced suppression of immune responsiveness which was significantly greater than the other groups injected with 2-DG. 7. Neither the stress-induced elevation in corticosterone, nor the suppression of blood lymphocyte reactivity to Con-A and PHA was enhanced by prior immobilization. 8. The results indicate that the immunosuppressive effects of an acute stressor can sensitize with the passage of time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Antelman
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cunnick
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lysle
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Caggiula
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knopf
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kocan
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Rabin
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007103:Immobilization; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008934:Mitogens; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D003208:Concanavalin A; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D003345:Corticosterone