title: Fatal complications of intramuscular and intra-articular injections.
abstract: Four fatalities related to intramuscular and intra-articular injections are reported. In two of these cases a Staphylococcus aureus sepsis developed, as a consequence of injections into the left hip joint in one and in the lateral upper quadrant of the gluteal region in the other. The intra-articular injection of triamcinolone produced severe pain, but no marked signs of purulent arthritis were seen at autopsy, probably because of the anti-inflammatory effect of the corticosteroid. A cutaneous infection was seen in the gluteal region of the other patient, but no apparent abscess formation. In another case of intra-articular injection, purulent knee joint arthritis developed after an injection of glucosaminoglycan. The patient died of renal insufficiency, which was probably connected with the treatment of the arthritis with tobramycin and cefuroxim. The fourth case was that of a mentally ill patient who suffered sudden cardiac arrest after an intramuscular injection of chlorpromazine, but with no apparent signs of an anaphylactic reaction. It is suggested that vasodilatation and drop in blood pressure caused by the chlorpromazine could have had some effect, while cardiotoxicity of other psychotropic drugs with which he had been treated cannot be ruled out.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kortelainen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Särkioja
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000473:pathology; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000473:pathology; D002423:Cause of Death; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000009:adverse effects; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000009:adverse effects; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008318:Malpractice / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000473:pathology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000473:pathology; D014221:Triamcinolone / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; C020341:glucosaminoglycans; D004008:Diclofenac; D014221:Triamcinolone; D002746:Chlorpromazine