title: Identification of cis- and trans-verbenol in human urine after occupational exposure to terpenes.
abstract: Urine from sawmill workers exposed to alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and delta-3-carene was collected and hydrolyzed with beta-glucuronidase at pH 5.0 for 24 h at 37 degrees C. After hydrolysis the urine was cleaned on a SEP-PAK C18 cartridge. The cartridge was eluted with n-heptane. The eluate was injected onto a gas chromatograph equipped with a 25-m (0.32-mm ID) SP-1000 capillary column. The major peak in the chromatogram was identified by GC-MS as trans-verbenol by electron impact at 70 eV. cis-Verbenol was also identified. These metabolites could not be detected in non-hydrolyzed urine from the exposed workers or in hydrolyzed urine from an unexposed individual. The recoveries of the verbenols from hydrolyzed urine were in the range of 85 to 94% and the metabolites were stable both in urine and in n-heptane after sample cleaning at -20 degrees C for at least 12 weeks. We suggest that these metabolites are formed from alpha-pinene by hydroxylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D005966:Glucuronidase; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D039821:Monoterpenes; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D039821:Monoterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; C010789:beta-pinene; D005966:Glucuronidase; C009951:verbenol; C005451:alpha-pinene