title: Inhalation of nitrogen dioxide fails to reduce the activity of human lung alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor.
abstract: Healthy, nonsmoking human volunteers were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of NO2 followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to study whether NO2 exposure decreases the functional activity of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) in the lung. Two 3-h exposure protocols with intermittent exercise were employed and BAL was performed 3.5 h after exposure. The first exposure protocol with nine subjects involved three 2-ppm "peaks" with a 0.05 ppm background, whereas the second protocol with 15 subjects was a continuous exposure to 1.5 ppm NO2. All subjects were randomly exposed to either air or NO2, with at least a 2-wk interval between treatments, and the BAL fluids obtained after air exposure served as the controls. The BAL fluids were analyzed for alpha 1-PI elastase inhibitory activity, the immunologic concentration of alpha 1-PI, total protein, and albumin. The ratio of alpha 1-PI activity to its immunologic concentration was taken as the functional activity of alpha 1-PI, and possible changes in the amount of alpha 1-PI in the lung were assessed by examining the ratio of the immunologic concentration of alpha 1-PI to total protein. Neither of the NO2 exposure protocols resulted in a decrease in the functional activity of alpha 1-PI, nor were there alterations in the immunologic levels of alpha 1-PI. These data suggest that short-term exposures to low levels of NO2 do not result in a lung-localized deficiency of active alpha 1-PI, which has been hypothesized to be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of emphysema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Frampton
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Winters
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Utell
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide