title: [Hyponatremia in cirrhosis with ascites].
abstract: Hyponatremia complicates ascitic hepatic cirrhosis with frequency and gravity related to the gravity of the cirrhosis itself. When hyponatremia develops, it worsens the already present secondary hyperaldosteronism and makes therapy with spironolactone inefficacious. From a pathophysiologic viewpoint a pathogenetic role in determining hyponatremia is attributable to the reduced plasmatic renal perfusion; in several patients a syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion develops. Other neurohormonal systems (catecholamines, prostaglandins, natriuretic hormones) are probably very important in modifying renal hemodynamics and renal tubular function. In some patients a causative role for hyponatremia is attributable to iatrogenic factors (e.g.: diuretics). From a therapeutic viewpoint, we examine some schedules, pharmacologic or not, that, however, are far from being useful for all patients. We discuss, mainly, water restriction, osmotic diuretics with or without loop diuretics, loop diuretics followed by sodium reintegration and concentration-reinfusion of ascites or application of peritoneovenous shunt.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Medicina Interna, Ospedale S. Massimo, Penne, Pescara.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bronzi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Feudis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delle Monache
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scudieri
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sergiacomo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pesa
mesh_terms: D001201:Ascites / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014667:Vasopressins
vernacular_title: L'iponatremia nel cirrotico con ascite.