title: Characterization of the cord-like structures emerging from the surface of influenza C virus-infected cells.
abstract: When HMV-II cells (a human malignant melanoma cell line) infected with a newly isolated influenza C strain (Yamagata/1/88) were examined by simple light microscopy, it was found that a large number of cord-like structures which had lengths up to about 500 microns or greater were emerging from the cell surface. The existence of viral glycoproteins (hemagglutinin-esterase, HE) on the surface of these huge structures was confirmed by hemadsorption experiments with erythrocytes from a variety of species as well as by immunofluorescent staining with anti-HE monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, electron microscopy revealed that numerous filamentous particles in the process of budding, each covered with a layer of surface projections approximately 13 nm in length, aggregated with their long axes parallel to form a cord-like structure visible under a light microscope. An electron-dense layer, which presumably consists of membrane protein (M), was seen in cross-sections of all filamentous virions whereas internal nucleocapsids were rarely seen. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified cords also showed that they contained HE and M polypeptides but not nucleoprotein, confirming that long filamentous particles are mostly devoid of nucleocapsids. The emergence of cords on the cell surface was observed in various cell cultures infected with C/Yamagata/1/88 though their number and length varied markedly depending on cell type. The production of cord-like structures was also evident in HMV-II cells infected with any of several different influenza C strains, which suggests that the cord formation is a common feature of influenza C virus group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kitame
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umetsu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tonosaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D006384:Hemagglutination; D006801:Humans; D009982:Gammainfluenzavirus / Q000235:genetics*; D008545:Melanoma; D008854:Microscopy, Electron