title: Subzonal insemination for the alleviation of infertility.
abstract: Methods were developed to facilitate the use of subzonal insemination to achieve fertilization in vitro. A clinical trial was undertaken in those patients having previously failed to achieve fertilization by in vitro fertilization, and in those presenting with severe oligospermia/oligoasthenospermia. From 85 patients, 585 oocytes were obtained. Of these, 0.3% had been "activated" parthenogenetically in vivo, 369 (72%) at metaphase II underwent subzonal insemination, 15% were fertilized, and 0.5% had three pronuclei. Thirty-eight percent of the patients had fertilization with 36% having a replacement. One conceptus was replaced in 19 patients, two conceptus in 8 patients, and three in 4 patients. A twin and two singleton pregnancies were established.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, AMI Park Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fishel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antinori
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grossi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Versaci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000628:therapy*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology