title: The HIV-1 long terminal repeat contains an unusual element that induces the synthesis of short RNAs from various mRNA and snRNA promoters.
abstract: We describe an unusual element that activates the synthesis of short transcripts from a wide variety of mRNA and small nuclear RNA (snRNA) promoters, including the U6 RNA polymerase III promoter. This inducer of short transcripts (IST) is located between positions -5 and +82 relative to the cap site in the HIV-1 LTR. In the presence of IST, the total transcriptional activity of the different promoters is greatly increased, but the resulting additional RNA molecules are short, ending around position +60. IST is not the RNA target (TAR) for Tat trans-activation; however, because it relies entirely on cellular factors for activity, IST may serve to provide abundant RNA targets for Tat trans-activation without a requirement for full-length viral mRNA expression.
authors: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Ratnasabapathy
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sheldon
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Johal
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Hernandez
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015756:Genes, tat; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012320:RNA Polymerase III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012342:RNA, Small Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012342:RNA, Small Nuclear; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D012320:RNA Polymerase III