title: D-lactate production in erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum.
abstract: The production of D-lactate that accompanies the metabolism of glucose to L-lactate in Plasmodium falciparum was evaluated with erythrocytes that contained either young or mature parasites. Infected cells with ring-stage parasites release L-lactate and D-lactate at rates 1340 and 81 nmol h-1 (10(8) cells)-1, respectively. These rates increase to 2050 and 136 nmol h-1 (10(8) cells)-1, respectively, in infected cells with trophozoite/schizont-stage parasites. D-Lactate represents 6-7% of the total lactate. The formation of D-lactate is by way of a methylgloxal pathway in which methylglyoxal is formed nonenzymatically from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and is then converted into D-lactate by the sequential action of parasite glycoxalase I and glyoxalase II. The kinetic properties of parasite glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II allow these enzymes to be distinguished from those in the host cell. D-Lactate production by the parasite appears to be a defense mechanism to protect the parasite from the toxic effects of methylglyoxal.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131.
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: Vander Jagt
authors: L A
authors: LA
authors: Hunsaker
authors: N M
authors: NM
authors: Campos
authors: B R
authors: BR
authors: Baack
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D019757:Carbon-Oxygen Lyases; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000469:parasitology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D007773:Lactates / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008190:Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; D008190:Lyases; D019757:Carbon-Oxygen Lyases; C021578:methylglyoxal synthase; D005947:Glucose