title: Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for premedication in paediatric outpatients.
abstract: Two doses (10-15 micrograms.kg-1, Group I, and 15-20 micrograms.kg-1, Group II) of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) plus a placebo (Group III) were evaluated for premedication in 105 healthy children, aged 2 to 13 yr, undergoing short (less than 1 hr) operations in the hospital short-stay unit. The study was randomized and double-blinded and 91 of the 105 children also received droperidol, 25 micrograms.kg-1 IV, after induction of anaesthesia with halothane and N2O in oxygen. Both doses of OTFC produced significantly greater sedation (first present at 20 min) and anxiolysis (first present in Group I at 40 min) than the placebo. Recovery times were similar in the three groups and analgesic requirements in the recovery room were significantly lower in Group I than Group III. Both OTFC groups took longer to tolerate oral fluids in the postoperative discharge unit than the placebo group and this caused patients in Group I to have a delayed discharge from the hospital compared to Group III. Preoperative pruritus occurred significantly more frequently in Groups I and II (58 and 76 per cent, respectively) than Group III (23 per cent). Although the incidences of nausea and vomiting tended to be slightly higher in the OTFC groups in the preoperative holding and postoperative discharge units, the differences among the groups were not statistically significant. Likewise droperidol did not reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea or vomiting. The data indicate that OTFC may be a safe and effective premedicant in paediatric patients having short operations but delays discharge from the hospital (by 30-50 min) by delaying the time patients tolerate fluids early after operation.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Ashburn
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Streisand
authors: S D
authors: SD
authors: Tarver
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Mears
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Mulder
authors: A W
authors: AW
authors: Floet Wilms
authors: R W
authors: RW
authors: Luijendijk
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Elwyn
authors: N L
authors: NL
authors: Pace
authors: T H
authors: TH
authors: Stanley
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010919:Placebos; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011897:Random Allocation; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D013607:Tablets; D010100:Oxygen; D005283:Fentanyl