title: An open study comparison of 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% ropivacaine, with epinephrine, in epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing urologic surgery.
abstract: Ropivacaine 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% with epinephrine 5 micrograms/ml was investigated in an open, multi-center study for lumbar epidural anesthesia in 46 patients undergoing urologic surgery. The onset time for analgesia to T12 was 5-7 minutes after the end of the ropivacaine injection. Maximum segmental levels of analgesia (T4-6) were not different between the groups. Complete motor blockade was obtained in 3/15, 7/15 and 10/15 patients in the 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% groups, respectively. Duration of analgesia at the T10 level was 2.5 hours in the 0.5% group, and increased to 4 hours in the 1.0% group. Analgesia was satisfactory for surgery in all patients except for 2/15 in each of the 0.5% and 0.75% groups and 1/15 in the 1.0% group. Hypotension was experienced by three, six and three patients in the 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% groups, respectively. Bradycardia was seen in two patients in the 0.5% group and one patient in the 1.0% group. Backache was experienced by seven patients (four in the 0.5%, two in the 0.75% and one in the 1.0% group). No late-occurring adverse experiences were observed. In conclusion, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% ropivacaine with epinephrine provide adequate analgesia and motor blockade for urologic surgery.
authors: Institute for Anesthesiology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: H E
authors: HE
authors: Kerkkamp
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Gielen
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Wattwil
authors: K H
authors: KH
authors: Axelsson
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Dirkes
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kehlet
authors: H H
authors: HH
authors: Edstrom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine