title: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of azaarenes and their metabolites in groundwater affected by creosote wood preservatives.
abstract: Polynuclear azaheterocyclic compounds (azaarenes) are nitrogen-containing analogs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The nitrogen atom in the ring system causes these compounds to be slightly polar and considerably more water soluble than related PAHs. A method using a solid-surface sorption technique to extract and concentrate azaarenes and their principle metabolites present in groundwater that contains creosote waste is described. Analyte isolation and concentration is accomplished by solid-phase extraction on n-octadecyl cartridges followed by instrumental determination involving high-performance liquid chromatography. Separations and detection are achieved using flexible-walled, wide-bore columns with ultraviolet and fluorescence photometric detectors connected in series. Fluorescence detection alone is insufficient because the fluorescence response produced by two-ring azaarenes is limited. Short wavelength (229 nm) absorbance detection provides improved sensitivity for these compounds and peak rationing for more definitive identification. In this study, oxygen-containing metabolites of quinoline, isoquinoline, and acridine are detected in groundwater from hazardous waste sites in Pensacola, Florida and St. Louis Park, Minnesota. Concentrations ranging from mg/L to ng/L are measured. The dependence of measured octanol-water partition coefficients on pH is discussed in the context of the isolation chemistry. As a direct bacterial degradation product of acridine with a relatively long environmental persistence, 9-acridinone may serve as a biogenic marker signaling creosote contamination of groundwater.
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie 54751.
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Ondrus
authors: T R
authors: TR
authors: Steinheimer
mesh_terms: D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D003407:Creosote / Q000032:analysis*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001372:Aza Compounds; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D003407:Creosote