title: Effect of cigarette smoke inhalation on benzo[a]pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis in vitamin A deficiency in the rat.
abstract: Vitamin A deficiency caused a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-induced lung tumor incidence and tumor burden in male Wistar rats. Inhalation of cigarette smoke during initiation and post-initiation phases of carcinogenesis resulted in higher tumor burden as compared to the same observed in the animals exposed to cigarette smoke during the post-initiation phase only. Stimulation in tumor burden by cigarette smoke was increased further by vitamin A deficiency.
authors: Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Gupta
authors: K L
authors: KL
authors: Khanduja
authors: I B
authors: IB
authors: Koul
authors: R R
authors: RR
authors: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000633:toxicity*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014026:Nicotiana; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene