title: Gastrointestinal disease and oral contraception.
abstract: Oral contraceptive steroids play a major role in modern family planning. With the present tendency to decrease the doses of both estrogens and progestogens, any factor that reduces the bioavailability of the lower-dose preparations may have an impact on contraceptive protection. Although ethinyl estradiol, the most commonly used oral estrogen, is liable to an enterohepatic circulation as unchanged drug, the commonly used progestogens are not. At present, no convincing evidence exists in the human subject that disruption of the enterohepatic circulation by antibiotics or antacids does reduce contraceptive efficacy of the pill. Oral contraceptive steroids are mainly absorbed from the small bowel, and contraceptive efficacy depends on its absorptive capacity. Enhanced passage of gastrointestinal contents or impaired absorption may thus contribute to contraceptive failures in patients who have chronic inflammatory disease, diarrhea, ileostomy, or jejunoileal bypass.
authors: Zentrum für Frauenheilkunde of the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, West Germany.
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Hanker
mesh_terms: D000863:Antacids / Q000009:adverse effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001682:Biological Availability; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004764:Enterohepatic Circulation; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000863:Antacids; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal