title: Evaluation of friction between ceramic brackets and orthodontic wires of four alloys.
abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the frictional resistance offered by ceramic brackets used in combination with wires of different alloys and sizes during in vitro translatory displacement of brackets. Findings with ceramic brackets were also compared with outcomes of treatment with stainless steel brackets. Stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, beta-titanium, and nickel-titanium wires of different cross-sectional sizes were tested in medium-twin monocrystalline ceramic brackets with both 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot sizes. The wires were ligated into the brackets with elastomeric modules. Brackets were moved along the wire by means of an Instron universal testing machine, and frictional force was measured by a compression cell and recorded graphically on an xy recorder. Wire friction in the ceramic brackets increased as wire size increased, and rectangular wires produced greater friction than round wires. Beta-titanium and nickel-titanium wires were associated with higher frictional forces than stainless steel or cobalt-chromium wires. These findings follow the same general trends as those found with stainless steel brackets; however, wires in ceramic brackets generated significantly stronger frictional force than did wires in stainless steel brackets.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry.
authors: P V
authors: PV
authors: Angolkar
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kapila
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Duncanson
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Nanda
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002516:Ceramics; D002858:Chromium Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009532:Nickel; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D002858:Chromium Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium