title: Effects of feeding restricted energy and elevated calcium and phosphorus during growth on gait characteristics of culled sows and those surviving three parities.
abstract: Crossbred gilts (n = 288) were weaned at 4 to 5 wk of age and retained through three parities. They were used to determine the effects of feeding restricted energy (ad libitum vs 75% ad libitum) and elevated calcium-phosphorus levels (100 vs 150% of the dietary percentage suggested by NRC, 1979) from weaning to 100 kg of body weight on subsequent sow gait characteristics obtained from 16-mm motion pictures. After 100 kg, all females were fed and managed similarly throughout breeding, gestation and lactation. At 50 and 100 kg body weight and 21 d after weaning, females were filmed from the side and rear as they walked on a treadmill (traveling at the rate of .90 cm/s with zero slope) using two 16-mm Arriflex cameras. Objective measurements were taken from the film by projecting it on a reverse screen. Visual appraisal of structural soundness were scored subjectively for each female at each time period. The front foot pastern angle was correlated positively with structural soundness scores, suggesting that sows with smaller angles (more sloping) were given more desirable soundness scores. Early dietary energy and Ca-P levels did not influence number of sows completing three parities or culled for various reasons, front and hind pastern angles, the angles at the hock and carpal joint or rear view measurements, but sows fed ad libitum to 100 kg had a larger frame size even after three parities. Sows that survived three parities tended to have larger body capacity (girth diameter and width across hams) and smaller front and bind pastern angles and angles of the carpal joint and hock at maximum flex than did culled sows. Structural soundness scores did not differ between culled and surviving sows.
authors: Dept. of Anim. Sci., Virginia Polytechnic Institute, State University, Blacksburg 24061.
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Barczewski
authors: E T
authors: ET
authors: Kornegay
authors: D R
authors: DR
authors: Notter
authors: H P
authors: HP
authors: Veit
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Wright
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D009040:Motion Pictures; D010298:Parity; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013552:Swine / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D010758:Phosphorus