title: The effect of oral contraceptive use and pregnancy on the daily rhythm of cortisol and cortisone.
abstract: The effect of oral contraceptives and of pregnancy on the daily rhythm of cortisol, and its metabolite cortisone in plasma and saliva has been investigated. In both conditions the total plasma cortisol levels were raised to the same extent, the mean values in saliva in the oral contraceptive users being intermediate between those in pregnancy and in the controls, particularly in the morning. Salivary cortisone levels were more related to salivary cortisol than to total plasma cortisone which exhibited a rather flat daily rhythm. There was a shift in peak values for salivary cortisol and cortisone towards late morning: this may be due to a delay in the daily activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in these patients.
authors: Department of Medicine, St. Radboud Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Meulenberg
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Hofman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003348:Cortisone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003348:Cortisone; D006854:Hydrocortisone