[Immediate and late phases of allergic rhinitis].
The allergic reaction of the human nasal mucosa (Type I Coombs and Gell) can be divided in an immediate- and a late-phase reaction. The degranulation of IgE-bearing mast cells is crucial for the initiation of the immediate phase (app. 30 min). Mediators of these cells - especially histamine - cause the typical allergic symptoms. Some of the patients develop a late-phase reaction after a symptom-free interval. Eosinophils migrate into the epithelial lining and release mediators. Furthermore, mast cells increase in number in the epithelium. Other cells like macrophages and T lymphocytes may be involved as well. While the released mediators cause an unspecific mucosal hyperreactivity, the increased number of IgE-bearing mast cells leads to a specific immunological augmentation of the nasal reaction ("priming effect"). The allergic pathomechanism can be reduced by drugs at different points.
Bachert
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C
HNO-Klinik, Universität Heidelberg.
D015550:Cell Degranulation; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000502:physiology; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology
Sofort- und Spätphase bei der allergischen Rhinitis.