title: Assessing skills for refusing cigarettes and smokeless tobacco.
abstract: Hops and colleagues developed an audiotaped refusals skills test in which students respond to cigarette offers and their responses are scored for content. The present study employed a modified analogue skills test. Modifications included adding a separate subscale for smokeless tobacco, emphasizing repeated offers and group pressure, and rating the quality of responses (good, fair, poor). The test was evaluated in four seventh-grade classrooms (N = 78). Half had participated in a refusals skills training program; the others were controls. Intervention subjects provided more "good" responses and fewer "poor" responses than controls. In a multiple regression, repeated and group offers were associated with the quality of response, while offerer's gender and type of tobacco variables were not associated. In a second regression, experimental condition was associated with quality of the responses, while gender, ethnicity, exposure to tobacco, use of tobacco, and attitudes toward the test were not associated.
authors: Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, California 92182.
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Sallis
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Elder
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Wildey
authors: C
authors: C
authors: de Moor
authors: R L
authors: RL
authors: Young
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Shulkin
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Helme
mesh_terms: D001242:Assertiveness; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects*