Oral contraception in disease states.
Oral contraceptives are clearly contraindicated in patients with a history of thromboembolic disease, ischemic heart attack, or cerebral stroke. Patients requiring long-term anticoagulant treatment can be treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs to prevent ovulation, because ruptured follicles can cause massive intraperitoneal bleeding. Patients with essential hypertension and severe liver diseases should also discontinue treatment 4 weeks before major elective surgery. Migraine and diabetes mellitus are regarded as relative contraindications, depending on the individual situation. Long-term diseases, such as Crohn's disease, epilepsy, and sickle cell anemia, also require individualized consultation.
Breckwoldt
M
M
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Wieacker
P
P
Geisthövel
F
F
D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D000075202:Contraindications; D003327:Coronary Disease; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D008107:Liver Diseases; D013923:Thromboembolism
D003276:Contraceptives, Oral