title: Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens in the serum and urine of patients with pneumonia in Papua New Guinea: comparison of latex agglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis.
abstract: Latex agglutination (LA) was compared with counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) for the diagnosis of pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae type b in children less than 6 years old in Papua New Guinea. Neither LA nor CIE was sufficiently sensitive for the detection of pneumococcal antigens. CIE was superior to LA but had a sensitivity of only 60% (six of 10) in concentrated urine and a specificity of 90% (54 of 60). LA for the detection of H. influenzae type b had a sensitivity of 100% (eight of eight) relative to that of blood culture and a specificity of 99% (112 of 113) when urine diluted fivefold was tested, as compared with a sensitivity of 100% (nine of nine) and a specificity of 92% (56 of 61) in undiluted urine. Undiluted and concentrated urine specimens were unsuitable for LA because of the many false-positive reactions that resulted from nasal carriage of H. influenzae type b and nasal carriage of the cross-reactive S. pneumoniae type 6. CIE for the detection of H. influenzae type b had a sensitivity of only 44% (four of nine) in concentrated urine.
authors: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Reserach, Goroka.
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Witt
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Montgomery
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Pomat
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Lehmann
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Alpers
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003378:Counterimmunoelectrophoresis; D003906:Developing Countries; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007841:Latex Fixation Tests; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D010219:Papua New Guinea; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial