title: Application of Orem's conceptual framework to patients with hypercalcemia related to breast cancer.
abstract: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in the United States. Although the disease itself may be chronic in nature, it may give rise to oncologic emergencies, such as hypercalcemia, superior vena cava syndrome, or spinal cord compression. If these emergencies are not prevented or treated promptly through early detection, premature death or disability may occur. Because it presents with general symptoms, hypercalcemia may be difficult to diagnose; however, early recognition and intervention may reverse the sequelae of this condition, and prevent recurrence. This article will focus on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, nursing assessment, and intervention in a case study of this oncologic emergency based on the Orem model.
authors: UCLA Medical Center.
authors: D K
authors: DK
authors: Meriney
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009742:Nursing Theory; D009859:Oncology Nursing; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012648:Self Care