title: Orbital complications secondary to endoscopic sinus surgery.
abstract: Eight cases of significant orbital complications associated with endoscopic sinus surgery are described. The anatomic problems generally fall into four categories: nasolacrimal sac or duct injury, extraocular muscle injury, intraorbital hemorrhage/emphysema, or optic nerve injury. The successful management of each complication depends on a thorough knowledge of the anatomy and pathophysiology of the orbital injury. Return to normal function of the traumatized orbital structures after medical and/or surgical intervention is anticipated. However, direct optic nerve injury with immediate visual field and/or acuity deficit is usually irreversible.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio.
authors: R W
authors: RW
authors: Neuhaus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004646:Emphysema / Q000209:etiology; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000601:surgery*; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles; D020221:Optic Nerve Injuries; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity