It's time: the future of school health in Australia.
School medical services in Australia have a long tradition of providing community-based services to school-aged children, and in some states to preschool children. Conceived as a public health measure early this century, doctors and nurses worked in schools to address the health issues of the time, which were largely to do with nutrition, hygiene, and infectious diseases. It was perceived that many children had poor access to medical care, and began school with unaddressed health problems which often had a deleterious effect on their learning. Doctors were often employed by education authorities and only transferred to health departments many years later. In some states the service was expanded subsequently to include preschool children, based on the concept that the earlier problems were detected the earlier they could be treated appropriately and the greater the benefits to the child. While social structures, community needs and paediatric morbidity patterns have changed dramatically over recent years, there is a widespread perception that in some states school medical services have not yet embraced fully the changing needs of the population of school children they are designed to serve. Hamstrung by political expediency (with decision-making driven by political rather than scientific considerations) and bureaucratic inertia, school nurses and doctors often operate in structures and systems that are urgently in need of review and reorganization. In this paper the rationale for current processes will be reviewed critically, a model of school health services focused on contemporary paediatric needs is proposed, and a set of factors which are considered essential to the development of the school health services of the future is outlined.
Oberklaid
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Department of Ambulatory Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
D001315:Australia; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D002657:Child Development; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000600:supply & distribution; D006293:Health Promotion; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006801:Humans; D010808:Physical Examination; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012572:School Health Services / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D012573:School Nursing; D014787:Vision Tests