title: Dihydropyridine-sensitive cell volume regulation in proximal tubule: the calcium window.
abstract: The mechanism underlying the activation of hypotonic cell volume regulation was studied in rabbit proximal straight tubule (PST). When isolated non-perfused tubules were exposed to hypotonic solution, cells swelled rapidly and then underwent a regulatory volume decrease (RVD). The extent of regulation after swelling was highly dependent on extracellular Ca concentration ([Ca2+]o), with a half-maximal inhibition (K1/2) for [Ca2+]o of approximately 100 microM. RVD was blocked by the Ca-channel blockers verapamil, lanthanum, and the dihydropyridines (DHP) nifedipine and nitrendipine, implicating voltage-activated Ca channels in the RVD response. Using the fura-2 fluorescence-ratio technique, we observed that cell swelling caused a sustained rise in intracellular Ca ([Ca2+]i) only when [Ca2+]o was normal (1 mM) but not when [Ca2+]o was low (1-10 microM). Furthermore, external Ca was required early on during swelling to induce RVD. If RVD was initially blocked by reducing [Ca2+]o or by addition of verapamil during hypotonic swelling, volume regulation could only be restored by subsequently inducing Ca entry within the first 1 min or less of exposure to hypotonic solution. These data indicate a "calcium window" of less than 1 min, during which RVD is sensitive to Ca, and that part of the Ca-dependent mechanism responsible for achieving RVD undergoes inactivation after swelling. It is concluded that RVD in rabbit PST is modulated by Ca via a DHP-sensitive mechanism in a time-dependent manner.
authors: Department of Physiology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77225.
authors: N A
authors: NA
authors: McCarty
authors: R G
authors: RG
authors: O'Neil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D007811:Lanthanum; C038806:1,4-dihydropyridine; D002118:Calcium