title: Gallbladder carcinoma: evaluation with MR imaging.
abstract: Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 19 patients with histologically proved gallbladder carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed to determine the appearance of the primary tumor, and to assess the ability of MR imaging to demonstrate the various modes of tumor spread beyond the gallbladder. The primary tumor, as well as tumor spread beyond the gallbladder, was hyperintense on T2-weighted images and hypointense on T1-weighted images when compared with the liver parenchyma. Liver invasion and metastasis could be depicted by MR imaging with both sequences, unless the tumors were small or the extent of invasion was minimal. Duodenal invasion was difficult to evaluate because of motion artifacts, paucity of fat, and partial volume effects. T1-weighted images readily demonstrated extension of the tumor to the hepatoduodenal ligament and para-aortic region with good contrast between tumor and surrounding tissue. The extent of tumor extension to the blood vessels was also easily evaluated because of flow void in the vasculature. MR imaging can help determine the extent of gallbladder carcinoma and can contribute to the staging of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sagoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Togashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000473:pathology; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed