title: Epidermal growth factor (EGF/URO) induces expression of regulatory peptides in damaged human gastrointestinal tissues.
abstract: The pS2 gene encodes for a small cysteine-rich protein, and was originally found by differential screening of a cDNA library from the human breast carcinoma cell line, MCF-7. The presence of pS2 is closely correlated with oestrogen dependence in breast carcinomas. While the function of pS2 is unknown, pS2 protein has been shown to be homologous with the gastrointestinal peptide hormone pancreatic spasmolytic polypeptide (PSP) and its human counterpart hSP, in which a 5-cysteine domain is tandemly repeated. The 5' flanking region of the pS2 gene contains an enhancer region responsive to oestrogens and to epidermal growth factor (EGF/URO). We now report that pS2 and hSP expression occurs in a wide range of endodermally-derived tissues, including the duodenum, the pancreas, and in a recently defined cell lineage associated with chronic gastrointestinal ulceration. In each case, this expression was associated with secretion of immunoreactive EGF/URO. We further show that the co-expression of pS2 and hSP in gastric surface epithelial cells is also associated with the secretion of EGF/URO in the subjacent mucous neck cells. Our results indicate that local EGF/URO secretion induces pS2 and hSP in adjacent cells, and that these molecules are then available to participate in pathophysiological responses. The finding of similar patterns of EGF/URO, hSP and pS2 expression in association with chronic damage suggests that this is a fundamental response in the healing of these tissues.
authors.affiliation: Imperial Cancer Research Fund Histopathology Unit, London, U.K.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poulsom
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stamp
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Jeffery
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Longcroft
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomasetto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chambon
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology; D009077:Mucins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000473:pathology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000473:pathology; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010452:Peptide Biosynthesis; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009077:Mucins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010455:Peptides; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C051838:TFF1 protein, human; C099037:TFF3 protein, rat; C000604008:Tff2 protein, rat; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; C034407:pancreatic spasmolytic polypeptide