title: Indirect radionuclide cystography demonstrates reflux under physiological conditions.
abstract: Indirect radionuclide cystography (IRC) is a useful technique for the detection and quantification of vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR). Its principal advantage over micturating contrast cysto-urethrography (MCU) is its ability to demonstrate VUR under physiological conditions. Three children (age range 6-9 years) reported here illustrate some physiological features of micturition readily seen only on IRC. The most important of these was uretero-ureteric reflux which, because of bladder activity, is not usually identifiable on IRC or MCU but is probably more common than previously thought and misinterpreted as VUR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Radiology, Hospital for Sick Children, London.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morony
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D014513:Ureter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology