title: Activating missense mutations in Ha-ras-1 genes in a malignant subset of bladder lesions induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine or N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furanyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide.
abstract: Urothelial cell cultures generated from urinary bladders from a series of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)- or N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furanyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT)-treated Fischer 344 rats were examined for activating missense mutations in Ha-ras-1 genes. Our overall objective was to identify oncogene-activating mutations in this system and to determine what altered biological properties correlate with such genetic changes. The urinary bladders from the treated animals showed a spectrum of histopathologies, from simple hyperplasia to transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Using restriction analysis, oligonucleotide hybridization, and DNA sequencing, we found that approximately 20% (3/14) of the bladder cell cultures had acquired oncogenic single-base substitutions in codon 61 of Ha-ras-1 genes (CAA----AAA or CGA). The donor bladder lesions for these three cultures, which also harbored the same ras-activating mutations, were all classified as stage A or B TCCs. However, four other TCCs also arising in this series were found to have normal Ha-ras genes. Whereas approximately half of the bladder cultures derived from the carcinogen-treated rats were nontumorigenic in athymic mice, the three cultures containing ras oncogenes were all highly tumorigenic (forming tumors within 5 wk of injection into athymic mice). These cultures also displayed a high degree of anchorage-independent growth and NIH 3T3-transforming activity in gene transfer assays. The nontumorigenic cultures were derived from bladder lesions that included three hyperplasias and three stage A TCCs. We conclude that ras-activating missense mutations were present in a malignant subset of bladder lesions induced by BBN or FANFT, but most of the lesions in this system appeared to involve genetic alterations elsewhere. Thus other oncogenes besides activated Ha-ras may apparently be associated with the same bladder histopathologies and transformation markers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Michigan Cancer Foundation, Detroit 48201.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Debiec-Rychter
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zukowski
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002085:Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine; D002455:Cell Division; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003062:Codon; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005200:FANFT; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D009857:Oncogenes; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D002085:Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine; D005200:FANFT; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)