title: Fulminant falciparum malaria.
abstract: A case of fulminant falciparum malaria with a 35% parasitaemia, shock and subcoma was treated successfully by using parenteral chemotherapy, exchange transfusion, dexamethasone, circulatory support and mechanical ventilation. Pathophysiology and complications of falciparum malaria are discussed. The treatment of severe malaria should aim for a fast reduction in parasitaemia and toxic products. An exchange transfusion can be additive to parenteral chemotherapy. Blocking the over-reacting cell-mediated immune response, aggressive shock treatment, prevention of secondary infections and maintaining normoglycaemia might reduce morbidity and mortality of fulminant falciparum malaria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Oudemans-van Straaten
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Zandstra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003422:Critical Care; D005078:Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum