Growth factor-induced gene expression: the ups and downs of c-fos regulation.
Many growth factor-inducible immediate-early genes, including c-fos, encode transcription factors that are believed to propagate the mitogenic signal by activating a program of gene expression critical for cell proliferation. This review summarizes work aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which a growth factor-induced signal effects a change in gene expression. In the case of c-fos, both the activation and repression of transcription are mediated by the serum response element, a dyad symmetrical sequence found upstream of the c-fos gene. This element binds a complex of proteins, a component(s) of which may be the target of the growth factor-induced signal. Recent progress made towards understanding the roles of these factors in the regulation of c-fos transcription will be described.
Rivera
V M
VM
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
Greenberg
M E
ME
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes / Q000187:drug effects*; D026362:Serum Response Factor; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
D006133:Growth Substances; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D026362:Serum Response Factor; D004247:DNA