title: Oxidation of four palladium-rich ceramic fusing alloys.
abstract: Oxidation of four ceramic fusing alloys with varying amounts of palladium (35-79 wt%) and with different oxidizing elements (In, Sn, Ga, Cu, Co) was studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The alloy containing cobalt and gallium oxidized mainly externally forming a rather continuous Co-rich oxide layer on the surface and a Ga-rich layer underneath it. The other alloys were oxidized internally. The oxidation behaviour of Pd was found to be strongly dependent on the other oxidizing constituents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Sciences, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hautaniemi
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Juhanoja
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Suoninen
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Yli-Urpo
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002516:Ceramics; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010165:Palladium; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D010165:Palladium