title: Acute dystonia during fixed-dose neuroleptic treatment.
abstract: Eighty-six patients with acute psychotic exacerbations were treated with fixed dosage regimens of oral fluphenazine up to 10-30 mg/day in randomized, double-blind studies. Dystonic reactions occurred in 33.8% of the subjects at risk. Of these, 58% occurred by the third day, 88% by the fourth day, and 100% by the ninth day of treatment; most occurred later in the interdose interval. Significant predictors of dystonic reactions were higher fluphenazine mg/kg dosage and younger age. There was a trend toward a lower risk of dystonia in patients who received amobarbital sodium for agitation. Results are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms of neuroleptic-induced dystonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute, Philadelphia 19129.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000654:Amobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002697:Chloral Hydrate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005476:Fluphenazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
chemical_list: D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D000654:Amobarbital; D005476:Fluphenazine