title: Comparison of indices of ambient exposure to 60-hertz electric and magnetic fields.
abstract: Occupational, environmental, or domestic exposure of human beings to extremely low-frequency (50- or 60-Hz) electric and magnetic fields varies continuously over time. In epidemiological studies of possible health effects, exposures over long durations must be aggregated in terms of simple summary indices. However, there are many different, biologically plausible, ways of aggregating the data. While awake, each of 20 electric utility personnel and 16 office workers had provided minute-by-minute measures of incident electric (V/m) and magnetic (muT) fields over a 7-day period via personal dosimeters. Once the measures were aggregated as means, medians, peaks, and other indices, intercorrelations between all index pairs were calculated; correlation matrices are presented for the utility and office workers both by group and when pooled. Product-moment coefficients (r) greater that .80 were found between the time-weighted arithmetic mean (TWA) and indices that explicitly emphasize short but highly intense exposures, such as peak values and time above thresholds. Medians and geometric means were less highly correlated with the TWA. Use of only a few indices, perhaps the TWA alone, may sacrifice but little statistical power in most epidemiological studies of utility workers exposed to ELF fields. However, correlations between electric-field strength and magnetic-field density were generally quite weak, as were correlations of either with high-frequency transients; these findings underscore the need to measure each of these variables in epidemiological studies. Indices of exposure incurred outside the workplace were less strongly correlated, which may indicate the need to use several indices in general-population studies.
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Deadman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thériault
mesh_terms: D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*