title: Rotational strength of double-pinning techniques in repair of transverse fractures in femurs of dogs.
abstract: Transverse midshaft fractures of femurs from freshly euthanatized dogs were stabilized by means of 6 methods: (1) 3.5-mm bone plate and screws, (2) single intramedullary pin, (3) double intramedullary pins retrograded proximally and driven distally to the level of the femoral trochlea, (4) double intramedullary pins retrograded distally and driven proximally into the trochanteric region, (5) double intramedullary pinning in Rush pin fashion, and (6) multiple intramedullary pinning that filled the medullary cavity at the fracture site. All bones were subjected to torsional stress. The measured strain was converted to forces of torque and correlated with bone diameter to normalize the data. The forces of torque from each fixation technique were compared with each other and with the mean torque force necessary to fracture intact femurs. Torsional shear applied to plated femurs resulted in failure at a mean level of 33.8% of the calculated theoretic moment. Torsional forces were concentrated at one end of the plate and catastrophically failed at that point, whereas the fracture site remained rigidly fixed. There was no significant difference in the initial moment of torsional failure between the single intramedullary pin technique (0.05 Nm) and the double-pinning techniques (0.03 to 0.04 Nm). The multiple-pinning technique was 1.8 to 3 times as effective in resisting rotational forces, compared with the other pinning techniques, but not significantly so.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dallman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Self
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000662:veterinary; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000662:veterinary; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005269:Femur / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000662:veterinary; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014102:Torsion Abnormality