title: HMO ownership pays off for systems that stick with it.
abstract: HMOs and PPOs have been financial losers for many hospitals. In fact, problems controlling costs have driven many hospitals to sell or close HMOs and PPOs that they started to channel new business their way. But for those hospitals that invested the time and money needed to manage physician and ambulatory care networks, vertical integration of managed care is paying off.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Larkin
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006739:Hospital Administration; D006754:Hospital Restructuring; D006777:Hospitals, Proprietary / Q000458:organization & administration; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009096:Multi-Institutional Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010067:Ownership / Q000191:economics; D014481:United States