title: Cyclosporin-associated akinetic mutism and extrapyramidal syndrome after liver transplantation.
abstract: Three patients developed akinetic mutism on the third day after the introduction of intravenous cyclosporin A, given for immunosuppression after liver transplantation. One patient in addition developed a florid orofacial dyskinesia, which resolved completely, as did the akinetic mutism, after withdrawal of cyclosporin. In these patients the time course of the akinetic mutism and extrapyramidal syndrome, which developed in the absence of any other identifiable cause, suggests cyclosporin A was the precipitating factor. Subsequently, two of the patients showed signs of pseudobulbar palsy with abnormalities in the pons on MRI scanning, suggesting central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). None of the patients had experienced significant fluctuations in serum sodium or other risk factors for central pontine myelinolysis and the exact relationship to the earlier cyclosporin related mutism was not clear.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, Cromwell Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meadows
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Polson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000405:Akinetic Mutism / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010244:Bulbar Palsy, Progressive / Q000139:chemically induced; D003524:Cyclosporins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D011149:Pons / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003524:Cyclosporins