Effects of single doses of alprazolam and diazepam, alone and in combination with ethanol, on psychomotor and cognitive performance and on autonomic nervous system reactivity in healthy volunteers.
Effects of alprazolam, alone and in combination with ethanol, on psychomotor and cognitive performance were studied in healthy male volunteers and compared to effects of diazepam. Alprazolam 2 mg produced relatively long-lasting impairments on tests of tracking, verbal and nonverbal information processing, and memory, and decreased blood pressure without a change in heart rate or plasma norepinephrine levels. Although ethanol consumption was demonstrated to produce additive decrements in performance on certain tasks, there was little evidence to support a synergistic effect. Alprazolam 2 mg was accompanied by increased self-reports of side effects, especially drowsiness. Low dose alprazolam, diazepam, and ethanol produced significantly fewer side effects than 2 mg alprazolam, but significantly more than placebo.
Linnoila
M
M
Laboratory of Clinical Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland.
Stapleton
J M
JM
Lister
R
R
Moss
H
H
Lane
E
E
Granger
A
A
Eckardt
M J
MJ
D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000525:Alprazolam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D003708:Nordazepam / Q000097:blood; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*
D000431:Ethanol; D003708:Nordazepam; D003975:Diazepam; D009638:Norepinephrine; D000525:Alprazolam