title: Estimation of turbulent shear stresses in pulsatile flow immediately downstream of two artificial aortic valves in vitro.
abstract: Measuring turbulent shear stresses is of major importance in artificial heart valve evaluation. Bi- and unidirectional fluid velocity measurements enable calculation of Reynolds shear stress [formula: see text] and Reynolds normal stress [formula: see text]. tau is important due to the relation to hemolysis and thrombus formation, but sigma is the only obtainable parameter in vivo. Therefore, determination of a correlation factor between tau and sigma is pertinent. In a pulsatile flow model, laser Doppler (LDA) and hot-film (HFA) anemometry were used for simultaneous bi- and unidirectional fluid velocity measurements downstream of a Hall Kaster and a Hancock Porcine aortic valve. Velocities were registered in two flow field locations and at four cardiac outputs. The velocity signals were subjected to analog signal processing prior to digital turbulence analysis, as a basis for calculation of tau and sigma. A correlation factor of 0.5 with a correlation coefficient of 0.97 was found between the maximum Reynolds shear stress and Reynolds normal stress, implying [formula: see text]. In vitro estimation of turbulent shear stresses downstream of artificial aortic valves, based on the axial velocity component alone, seems possible.
authors.affiliation: Engineering College, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nygaard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giersiepen
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hasenkam
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reul
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000502:physiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D007834:Lasers; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D012212:Rheology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical