title: Multiple-dose safety study of ibuprofen/codeine and aspirin/codeine combinations.
abstract: This multiple-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, normal volunteer study compared formulations of ibuprofen/codeine and aspirin/codeine for systemic safety. Vital signs, hematologic, biochemical and urinary parameters, side effects, mood and mental alertness, were monitored. The placebo group had less gastrointestinal side effects and more frequent stools than the active treatment groups. There was statistical evidence for greater adverse effects of aspirin/codeine on mood and mental alertness in comparison to ibuprofen/codeine and placebo. Ibuprofen/codeine had a more favorable adverse effect profile than aspirin/codeine. A mild respiratory and cardiac depressant effect attributable to codeine was evident in all active treatment groups after 7 days of frequent therapy. More work needs to be done to elucidate the factors regulating the development of tolerance to the respiratory and cardiovascular depressant effects of opiates in general, and for codeine in particular.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49001.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seckman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stubbs
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oster
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Royer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003061:Codeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects; D005243:Feces / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011674:Pulse / Q000187:drug effects; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D014527:Uric Acid; D001241:Aspirin; D003061:Codeine; D007052:Ibuprofen