title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 detected in all seropositive symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals.
abstract: Between February 1987 and October 1988, peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMC) from 409 adult individuals antibody positive by Western (immuno-)blot for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (56 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] patients, 88 patients with AIDS-related complex, and 265 asymptomatic individuals) were consecutively cultured for HIV-1 or tested for the presence of HIV-1 DNA sequences by a polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR). We isolated HIV-1 or detected HIV-1 DNA sequences from the PBMC of all 409 HIV-1 antibody-positive individuals. None of 131 healthy HIV-1 antibody-negative individuals were HIV-1 culture positive, nor were HIV-1 DNA sequences detected by PCR in the blood specimens of 43 seronegative individuals. In addition, HIV-1 PCR and HIV-1 culture were compared in testing the PBMC of 59 HIV-1 antibody-positive and 20 HIV-1 antibody-negative hemophiliacs. Both methods were found to have sensitivities and specificities of at least 97 and 100%, respectively. In contrast, the sensitivities of serum HIV-1 antigen testing in AIDS patients and asymptomatic seropositive patients were 42 and 17%, respectively. Our ability to directly demonstrate HIV-1 infection in all HIV-1 antibody-positive individuals provides definitive support that HIV-1 antibody positivity is associated with present HIV-1 infection. Moreover, the sensitivities and specificities of PCR and culture for the detection of HIV-1 appear to be equivalent, and both methods are superior to testing for HIV-1 antigen in serum for the direct detection of HIV-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sninsky
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hopsicker
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sannerud
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Rhame
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Balfour
mesh_terms: D000386:AIDS-Related Complex / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015488:HIV Antigens