title: Hardiness, type A behavior, and physical symptoms in a Japanese sample.
abstract: This study examined the possible mediating effects of hardiness and Type A behavior on the relationship between stressful life events and physical and psychological well-being in a Japanese male sample (N = 78). The ANOVA showed the main effects of hardiness on both physical symptoms and depression. It is indicated that hardiness protects individuals from both physical symptoms and depression. There was a significant stressful life events x Type A interaction, indicating that the Type As tended to possess physical symptoms even when stressful life events decreased. No three-way interaction among hardiness, Type A behavior, and stressful life events was found. The results suggested that hardiness and Type A were independently related to physical and psychological well-being. Implications for the influence of Japanese culture on hardiness and Type A behavior are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008016:Life Change Events; D010807:Physical Endurance; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014434:Type A Personality