Correlation between cytosolic free calcium, contracture, ATP, and irreversible ischemic injury in perfused rat heart.
The relations between ATP depletion, increased cytosolic free calcium concentration [( Cai]), contracture development, and lethal myocardial ischemic injury, as evaluated by enzyme release, were examined using 19F nuclear magnetic resonance to measure [Cai] in 1,2-bis(2-amino-5-fluorophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (5F-BAPTA)-loaded perfused rat hearts. Total ischemia at 37 degrees C was induced in beating hearts, potassium-arrested hearts, magnesium-arrested hearts, and hearts pretreated with 0.9 microM diltiazem to reduce but not abolish contractility. In the beating hearts, time-averaged [Cai], which is intermediate between the systolic and the basal [Cai], was 544 +/- 74 nM. In contrast, in the potassium- and magnesium-arrested hearts, the time-averaged values are lower than in beating hearts (352 +/- 88 nM for potassium arrest, 143 +/- 22 nM for magnesium arrest). During ischemia, ATP depletion, contracture, and a rise in [Cai] are delayed by cardiac arrest, but all occur more rapidly in the potassium-arrested hearts than in the magnesium-arrested hearts. The diltiazem-treated hearts were generally similar to the magnesium-arrested hearts in their response to ischemia. Under all conditions, contracture development was initiated after tissue ATP had fallen to less than 50% of control; invariably, there was a progressive rise in [Cai] during and following contracture development. Reperfusion with oxygenated perfusate shortly after peak contracture development resulted in a return of [Cai] to its preischemic level, resynthesis of creatine phosphate, no significant enzyme release, and no substantial loss of 5F-BAPTA from the heart. The data demonstrate that an increase in [Cai] precedes lethal myocardial ischemic injury. This rise in [Cai] may accelerate the depletion of cellular ATP and may directly contribute to the development of lethal ischemic cell injury.
Steenbergen
C
C
Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Murphy
E
E
Watts
J A
JA
London
R E
RE
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000032:analysis*; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002118:Calcium