title: Enhanced resistance against Escherichia coli infection by subcutaneous administration of the hot-water extract of Chlorella vulgaris in cyclophosphamide-treated mice.
abstract: The effects of Chlorella vulgaris extract (CVE-A) on the recovery of leukocyte number and the augmentation of resistance to bacterial infection were examined in CDF1 mice made neutropenic by cyclophosphamide (CY). They were treated intraperitoneally with CY (150 mg/kg) on day 0, and were given CVE-A (50 mg/kg) subcutaneously (s.c.) every other day from day 1 to day 13 after CY treatment. CVE-A accelerated the recovery of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the peripheral blood in CY-treated mice. The number of granulocyte/monocyte-progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in the spleen increased rapidly and highly after the administration of CVE-A in CY-treated mice, in contrast to the absence of change due to CVE-A in the number of bone marrow cells in CY-treated mice. Administration of CVE-A in CY-treated mice enhanced the accumulation of PMN in the inflammatory site and the activity of the accumulated leukocyte cells in luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. The mice became highly susceptible to an intraperitoneal infection with E. coli on day 4 after CY treatment, whereas the mice given CVE-A showed an enhanced resistance against E. coli infection, irrespective of the timing of challenge. The bacterial number in CY-treated mice increased explosively after inoculation, resulting in death within 24 h. A progressive elimination of bacteria was observed from 6 h in the peritoneal cavity, spleen and liver of CY-treated mice given CVE-A s.c. These results indicate that CVE-A can be used as a potent stimulant of nonspecific resistance to infection in neutropenic mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshikai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins; D002708:Chlorella; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008165:Luminol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000166:cytology; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008165:Luminol; D003520:Cyclophosphamide