title: Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in patients at a sexually transmitted disease clinic in New York City.
abstract: Patients who attended a sexually transmitted disease clinic in New York City in 1987 were offered enrollment in a nonblinded study to estimate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroprevalence in adults with multiple sexual partners and to determine risk factors associated with HIV-1 infection. In addition, a blinded serosurvey of a representative sample of patients was performed to obtain an unbiased estimate of seroprevalence in clinic attendees. The seroprevalence in the blinded serosurvey was 7.5% (26/348), while the seroprevalence of the 1,201 volunteers for the nonblinded study was 11.2%. For men in the nonblinded study, the risk behaviors most strongly associated with HIV-1 infection were intravenous drug use, sexual contact with another man, and sexual contact with a female intravenous drug user. For women, intravenous drug use and sexual contact with a man at risk for HIV-1 infection (an intravenous drug user or a bisexual) were most important. The seroprevalence among persons who denied all high-risk behavior was 1% (7/723). The results of this study, conducted in a city with one of the nation's highest reported cumulative incidences of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, suggest that HIV-1 infection in clinic attendees was primarily limited to intravenous drug users, homosexual/bisexual men, and the sexual partners of these two groups.
authors.affiliation: AIDS Research Unit, New York City Department of Health, NY 10013.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chiasson
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Stoneburner
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lifson
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Ewing
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Jaffe
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior