title: Estimation of instantaneous moment arms of lower-leg muscles.
abstract: Muscle moment arms at the human knee and ankle were estimated from muscle length changes measured as a function of joint flexion angle in cadaver specimens. Nearly all lower-leg muscles were studied: extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, gastrocnemius lateralis, gastrocnemius medialis, peroneus brevis, peroneus longus, peroneus tertius, plantaris, soleus, tibialis anterior, and tibialis posterior. Noise in measured muscle length was filtered by means of quintic splines. Moment arms of the mm. gastrocnemii appear to be much more dependent on joint flexion angles than was generally assumed by other investigators. Some consequences for earlier analyses are mentioned.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, School of Medicine, University of Leiden.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Spoor
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Meskers
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Titulaer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huson
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000502:physiology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture; D013710:Tendons / Q000502:physiology