Studies on age-dependent plasma platinum pharmacokinetics and ototoxicity of cisplatin.
The age-related difference of cisplatin (CDDP) pharmacokinetics and ototoxicity were studied in 6 children with solid tumors who received CDDP infusion. CDDP was administered intravenously for 6 hours at a dosage of 30-120 mg/m2 and plasma-free platinum concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Plasma-free platinum concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 2.1 micrograms/ml at the end of infusions and declined rapidly with T1/2 of 0.6-1.5 hours. Pharmacokinetic parameters of plasma-free platinum were analyzed in 13 CDDP infusions by the one-compartment open model method. Parameters (Ke, Cl, T1/2 and Vd) of free platinum pharmacokinetics were 0.66 hr-1, 7.71l/hr, 1.35 hr and 15.71l in the younger group (age: 1.7-6.5 years old) and 1.44 hr-1, 11.41l/hr, 0.61 hr and 8.99l in the older group (age: 12.2-15.7 years old), respectively. Up to 600 mg/m2 of the cumulative dosage of CDDP caused minimal ototoxicity in the older group; however, in the younger group, hearing loss at a high frequency zone (6000 and 8000 Hz) began to appear at a cumulative dosage of 200 mg/m2 and progressed to middle zone (3000 Hz) when dosages surpassed 400 mg/m2. These data indicate that the pharmacokinetic difference in age possesses a large distribution volume (Vd) and that slower elimination of the drug in a younger age group is an important factor for age-dependent ototoxicity.
Murakami
T
T
Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Japan.
Inoue
S
S
Sasaki
K
K
Fujimoto
T
T
D000293:Adolescent; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006316:Hearing Loss, High-Frequency / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010984:Platinum / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
D010984:Platinum; D002945:Cisplatin