title: A new cardiac auscultation simulator.
abstract: We have successfully developed a new cardiac auscultation simulator by applying recently developed digital and computer technology, which digitally records, stores, modifies, and plays back heart sounds and murmurs characteristic of various heart diseases. The simulator is capable of playing back different heart sounds or murmurs at each auscultatory site (aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral) of a human chest-sized mannequin (made of urethane foam), through four built-in speakers. We were able to listen to accurate reproductions of heart sounds and murmurs at the same timing as in real patients by any type of stethoscope used in routine medical practice. This compact and portable educational apparatus, which simulates realistic auscultatory sounds, will impact greatly on the medical training of cardiac auscultation for physicians, medical students, nurses, and paramedicals.
authors.affiliation: Takashina Clinic, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takashina
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuzawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D006326:Heart Auscultation; D008348:Manikins; D008838:Microcomputers; D013664:Teaching Materials