title: Duration-dependent effects of repeated restraint stress on cortical projections of locus coeruleus neurons.
abstract: Using electrophysiological techniques, changes in noradrenergic fiber innervation in the cerebral cortex following repeated stress (restraint in a small cage for either 1 or 6 h daily) were examined by quantifying the density of cortical terminal axons of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in the rat. After termination of the stress treatment, the single-unit activity of LC neurons was recorded extracellularly under urethane anesthesia, and antidromic activation from 7 cortical points covering nearly the entire cerebral cortex was examined. The percentage of LC neurons activated anti-dromically from the medial frontal cortex was higher in the animals stressed for 1 h daily for 2 weeks. In contrast, the percentage of LC neurons activated antidromically from the cerebral cortex decreased in the animals who received 6 h stress for 2 weeks. These results suggest that stress can cause dual effects, either sprouting or retraction of cortical LC axons depending upon the duration of stress treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008125:Locus Coeruleus / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors