title: History of rhinology: functional surgery of the nose in France at the turn of the century.
abstract: The first reference to an attempt at functional surgery of the nose which we have discovered in France concerns Blandin (Paris 1798-1849) who "corrected" septal deviations with a punch; one arm is introduced into each nostril. Heylen performed a submucous resection in 1847, Chassaignac in 1851 and Demarquay in 1859 through the external median columellar route. In 1876 Richet carried out a resection of the deviated septum after having elevated the whole cartilaginous pyramid, achieved by a horizontal incision of the base of the columella. Paul Berger recommended, in 1883, a subperichondrial chisel resection of the salient part of the septum. In 1888, Miot approached septal thickening with galvano-caustic chemicals using metal plates or through a method called galvano-puncture. In 1892 Escat resected the cartilaginous arch and its corresponding mucosa after having separated the contralateral mucosa with injected water. In 1903, Caboche referred to both operations used at that time to correct cartilaginous septal deviations, e.g. Petersen's operations (submucous resection) and Asch's operation (fracture with repositioning). In 1905, Blanc distinguished between three types of operations: 1. Procedures based upon the fracturing the septum or its straightening and its maintenance with a splint. 2. Procedures designed in order to overcome the elasticity of the cartilage by making incisions followed by its retention in place. 3. Submucous resection of the cartilage based upon the principle that the septum is too big for its surroundings. In 1917, Dangouloff and Woyatchek developed a septoplasty technique, many modern operations being only pale copies of theirs. It consisted of four possibilities: mobilization, straightening, circular resection and partial resection.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willemot
mesh_terms: D005602:France; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery*; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000266:history*; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000266:history