title: Differences in kinetic characteristics and in sensitivity to inhibitors between human and rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase.
abstract: 1. On the basis of kinetic properties and sensitivity to pyrazole inhibition, it is shown that liver alcohol dehydrogenase present in human mainly corresponded to class I and in rat to class ADH-3 which differed in a number of parameters. 2. Two different aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isoenzymes were detected in both human and rat liver. The human isoenzymes corresponded to the ALDH-I and ALDH-II type. 3. In the rat, one isoenzyme had low Km and showed similar activity than in human liver but differed in their sensitivity to both disulfiran and nitrofazole inhibition whereas the other presented high Km and showed greater activity than the human one. 4. Caution must be therefore paid when extrapolating to human subjects the data on ethanol metabolism obtained with rats.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Fisiología, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zorzano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herrera
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004221:Disulfiram / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D011720:Pyrazoles; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000079:Acetaldehyde; D004221:Disulfiram; C013756:nitrefazole