title: The school breakfast program and cognition in adolescents.
abstract: We studied cognitive function and metabolic status in a group of healthy adolescents fed the government supplied breakfast (n = 18) versus a control group (n = 16) fed a very low calorie meal. Serum glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were repeatedly measured at predetermined intervals throughout the testing period. Acute cognitive and mood effect were evaluated in all subjects on a pre-post basis. No significant group differences emerged on a battery of psychological measures that assessed short-term auditory memory, vigilance, impulsivity, and mood. Neither serum glucose or beta-hydroxybutyrate levels correlated significantly with any behavioral measure. Results are discussed in the context of previous studies of nutrition and cognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cromer
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Tarnowski
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harton
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Thornton
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D000293:Adolescent; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid