title: Selective nonconjugate binocular adaptation of vertical saccades and pursuits.
abstract: Hering's law describes the equal and symmetrical rotation of the two eyes. It is possible to calibrate the binocular yoking of the two eyes in response to disparate size and/or motion of the two ocular images. It is unclear if the ratio of movements by the two eyes is modified by selective adaptation of each versional system (i.e. saccades and pursuits) or if there is an apparent adaptation of Hering's law that results from a single underlying process. The latter could be accomplished by vergence (prism) adaptation, which could interact with all versional systems. In this investigation, binocularly stimulated saccades and pursuits were adapted separately for 2 hr to unequal vertical target displacements. Three adaptation paradigms were used; each included a 10% binocular gradient disparity. The adapting stimulus for the pursuit system was 0.25 Hz vertical triangular motion of 20 deg, peak to peak. Two saccade adaptation paradigms included one which emphasized correcting vertical disparity during the pulse component of the saccade, the other minimized the influence of disparity prior to, during and immediately after saccades (vergence paradigm). Yoking ratios (YRs) for vertical pursuits and saccades were compared before and after adaptation. The pursuit paradigm produced marked adaptation of the pursuit YRs while it had negligible effect on saccade YRs. The pulse saccade paradigm adapted the saccade YRs twice as much as the pursuit YRs whereas the vergence paradigm resulted in little adaptation of YRs for either saccades or pursuits. Pursuits adapted to the first paradigm in 15-30 min whereas saccades adapted to the second paradigm in 1.5-2 hr. These results indicate that there is not a single common nonconjugate adaptation mechanism for vertical pursuits and saccades. Results of the vergence paradigm demonstrate that feedback during or immediately after eye movements is necessary in order to stimulate the binocular versional adaptation mechanism. Versional adaptation may be considered as a calibration of Hering's law.
authors.affiliation: University of California, School of Optometry, Berkeley 94720.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gleason
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Horner
mesh_terms: D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D005366:Figural Aftereffect / Q000502:physiology; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D011698:Pursuit, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D015357:Vision Disparity / Q000502:physiology; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology