Genotoxicity of naturally occurring hydroxyanthraquinones.
A variety of structurally related hydroxyanthraquinones (HA) were investigated in a test battery for the evaluation of mutagenicity and cell-transforming activity. The tests were: (1) the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay, (2) the V79-HGPRT mutagenicity assay, (3) the DNA-repair induction assay in primary rat hepatocytes and (4) the in vitro transformation of C3H/M2 mouse fibroblasts. In Salmonella, most of the tested compounds were mutagenic in strain TA1537, but only a few were active in other strains. Among these were HA with a hydroxymethyl group, such as lucidin and aloe-emodin. In V79 cells, only HA with 2 hydroxy groups in the 1,3 positions (1,3-DHA, purpurin, emodin) or with a hydroxymethyl sidechain (lucidin and aloe-emodin) were mutagenic. The compounds found to be active in V79 cells were also active in the DNA-repair assay and in the C3H/M2 transformation assay. Thus, it appears that the genotoxicity of HA is dependent on certain structural requirements.
Westendorf
J
J
Department of Toxicology, University of Hamburg Medical School, F.R.G.
Marquardt
H
H
Poginsky
B
B
Dominiak
M
M
Schmidt
J
J
Marquardt
H
H
D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000633:toxicity*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D000880:Anthraquinones; D009153:Mutagens