title: Predictors of bone mass in perimenopausal women. A prospective study of clinical data using photon absorptiometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether clinically available data on risk factors are adequate to identify perimenopausal women with either low or high bone mass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional observational study of a cohort of perimenopausal women (mean age, 50.8 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Community volunteers in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-four white volunteers established as perimenopausal by history and serum concentrations of estrogens and follicle-stimulating hormone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Models were constructed to predict bone mass in the radius, lumbar spine, and hip using risk factors (age, height, weight, calcium and caffeine intake, alcohol and tobacco use, and urinary markers of bone turnover). Although highly significant predictive models were developed for all skeletal sites, none of the models correctly identified more than 70% of women with low bone mass at any site. However, for the radius, a model was constructed that never overestimated bone mass by more than 0.10 g/cm. A small subgroup (7%) with short stature, low body weight, low calcium intake, and who were heavy smokers always had low radial bone mass. Using these models, about 30% of our population could be assessed without bone mass measurements. Predictions for the spine and femur were less efficient, suggesting that direct measurements are required if therapy decisions are to be based on bone mass at these sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors for osteoporosis are of limited use in identifying women with low bone mass around the time of menopause. Measurements of bone mass are probably necessary if the risk for osteoporosis is to be the basis for deciding on estrogen replacement therapy.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Slemenda
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Longcope
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wellman
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D011884:Radius / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors