title: The photokilling of bladder carcinoma cells in vitro by phenothiazine dyes.
abstract: The potential photodynamic therapy photosensitizers Methylene Blue, Azure C, Methylene Violet, Thionine, Methylene Green, Haematoporphyrin, Nile Blue A, chloroaluminium phthalocyanine and bis-aluminium phthalocyanine were examined for their photoeffects and dark toxicity against a human superficial bladder carcinoma cell-line. By examination of [3H]thymidine uptake into dye-treated cells after irradiation with a copper-vapour pumped dye laser, it was found that Methylene Blue was the most phototoxic and dark toxic of all the dyes tested, suggesting that the dye might be of some use as a topically applied photodrug for use in photodynamic therapy of superficial or early-recurring carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Sheffield University, S. Yorks, UK.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Devonshire
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008027:Light; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D010640:Phenothiazines; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents