title: Testing human hair for drugs of abuse. I. Individual dose and time profiles of morphine and codeine in plasma, saliva, urine, and beard compared to drug-induced effects on pupils and behavior.
abstract: The time course of appearance of morphine and codeine in beard after single dose administration in two human subjects was monitored by radioimmunoassay and confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Both morphine and codeine appeared in beard approximately 7-8 days after drug administration at a time when drug levels in urine, plasma, and saliva were not detectable and drug-induced effects had disappeared. Drug levels in beard appeared to be dose-related suggesting that hair analysis can provide evidence of time and degree of drug exposure.
authors.affiliation: Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Cone
mesh_terms: D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000032:analysis; D003061:Codeine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000652:urine; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006197:Hair / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000652:urine; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012463:Saliva / Q000032:analysis*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D003061:Codeine