title: Premenstrual anxiety and depression: comparison of objective psychological tests with a retrospective questionnaire.
abstract: Increased anxiety and depression are among the most frequently reported psychological problems in women seeking help for severe symptomatic premenstrual change, but there has been little objective evaluation of these symptoms. We therefore examined the results of objective psychological testing in 40 women with no apparent psychiatric or psychological disorder who had reported moderate to extreme increased anxiety and depression on a retrospective assessment form. Scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Institute of Personality and Ability Testing (IPAT) Depression Scale increased from the low symptom intermenstrual phase of the cycle (days 5-10) to the premenstrual phase (within the last 6 days of the cycle), suggesting that retrospective complaints of increased premenstrual anxiety and depression can be confirmed on objective psychological assessment. However, it was observed that the distribution of intermenstrual IPAT depression scores was bimodal. Cyclic changes varied among the tests depending upon the IPAT depression score. The study suggests that 2 populations may exist in this screened sample; one population appears to have "pure PMS" and the second groups manifests a premenstrual exacerbation of subclinical depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cumming
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cumming
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires