title: Hepatitis B viruses with precore region defects prevail in persistently infected hosts along with seroconversion to the antibody against e antigen.
abstract: The C gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) codes for a nucleocapsid protein made of 183 amino acid residues and is preceded in phase by the precore (pre-C) region, encoding 29 residues. The pre-C-region product is required for the synthesis and secretion of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), which is made of the C-terminal 10 amino acid residues of the pre-C-region product and the N-terminal 149 residues of the C-gene product. HBV mutants with pre-C-region defects prevailed in the circulation of three asymptomatic carriers as they seroconverted from HBeAg to the corresponding antibody (anti-HBe), and these mutants finally replaced nondefective HBV. HBV DNA clones were propagated from sera of an additional 15 carriers with anti-HBe and sequenced for the pre-C region. Essentially all HBV DNA clones (56 of 57 [98%]) revealed mutations that prohibited the translation of a functional pre-C-region product. A point mutation from G to A at nucleotide 83, converting Trp-28 (TGG) to a stop codon (TAG), was by far the commonest and was observed in HBV DNA clones from 16 (89%) of 18 carriers seropositive for anti-HBe. In addition, there were point mutations involving ATG codon to abort the translation initiation of the pre-C region, as well as deletion and insertion to induce frameshifts. Such mutations leading to pre-C-region defects were rarely observed in persistently infected individuals positive for HBeAg or in patients with type B acute hepatitis after they had seroconverted to anti-HBe. These results would indicate a selection of pre-C-defective mutants in persistently infected hosts, along with seroconversion to anti-HBe, by immune elimination of hepatocytes harboring nondefective HBV with the expression of HBeAg.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Division, Jichi Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yotsumoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akahane
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugai
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayumi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001483:Base Sequence; D002353:Carrier State; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003673:Defective Viruses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000276:immunology*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes