title: Physiological and behavioral responses of gray wolves (Canis lupus) to immobilization with tiletamine and zolazepam.
abstract: We conducted a series of experiments to examine the efficacy of Telazol (TEL) for immobilization of captive gray wolves (Canis lupus). Ten wolves were immobilized with either 5 or 10 mg/kg TEL. There was no difference in induction time (6.5 +/- 0.8 versus 5.8 +/- 1.2 min; P = 0.63) between the two doses, but the time to initial arousal was longer for the higher dose (P = 0.0008). Wolves were again immobilized with 10 mg/kg TEL and upon initial arousal were given additional doses of either 5.0 mg/kg TEL or 2.5 mg/kg ketamine (KET) to maintain immobilization. Wolves given boosters of TEL had longer second recovery times than wolves given KET (P = 0.01). There were no differences in induction times or arousal times for wolves immobilized with TEL that had been reconstituted with sterile water and stored at 20 C for 30 days (P greater than or equal to 0.11) or 60 days (P greater than or equal to 0.27) when compared to immobilization times using fresh solution. Induction times for wolves given TEL reconstituted with water and propylene glycol and stored for 60 days at -9 C were longer (P less than 0.05) than such times for wolves given standard TEL, but time to initial arousal was unchanged (P greater than or equal to 0.44). There were no differences in heart rates (P = 0.36), blood pressures (P = 0.32), respiratory rates (P = 0.91), and rectal temperatures (P = 0.62) between the two TEL doses. Telazol was shown to be an effective and safe immobilizing agent for gray wolves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Behavioral Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kreeger
authors.forename: U S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Seal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beckel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001381:Azepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002335:Carnivora / Q000502:physiology*; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007103:Immobilization; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects; D012652:Self Mutilation / Q000139:chemically induced; D013992:Tiletamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015041:Zolazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D013992:Tiletamine; D007649:Ketamine; D015041:Zolazepam