title: The postnatal development of the air-righting reaction in albino rats. Quantitative analysis of normal development and the effect of preventing neck-torso and torso-pelvis rotations.
abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the ontogenesis of the air-righting reaction (ARR) in rats. The first experiment was performed on 6 newborn albino rats of both sexes and followed the development of the ARR over postnatal days 1-21. The degree of rotation achieved after falling from different heights was quantified according to a rating scheme. It appeared that the air-righting reaction is effected by a spiral movement which spreads in a cranio-caudal direction. The reaction develops between postnatal day 8 and 18. On postnatal day 10 only a few animals are able to turn their heads, this being possible only from a falling height of 60 cm and corresponding to a falling time of 350 ms. A rapid development of the reaction was found between days 10 and 14. The second experiment on 8 rats involved the use of immobilization in order to isolate the mechanisms that trigger the ARR. The immobilization prevented neck-torso rotation, torso-pelvis rotation, and both rotations in different animals. Despite the disruption of important (afferent) feedback systems, the reaction developed within the same age period as in control rats. Thus, the Magnus "chain reflex hypothesis' as basis for the ARR is rejected in favor of a central motor program hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, Karl-Marx-University, Leipzig, G.D.R.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Laouris
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalli-Laouri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schwartze
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000294:innervation*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*; D014726:Vestibular Nuclei / Q000502:physiology*