Transvenous pacing in infants and children with congenital heart disease.
A technique for transvenous pacemaker implantation in children with complex heart disease is described. The use of small positive-fixation leads, introducers, retained guidewires, and atrial lead loops to allow for growth all have an important role in management of this often challenging problem.
Spotnitz
H M
HM
Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York.
D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004867:Equipment Design; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial