title: Impaired effortful cognition in depression.
abstract: Depressed patients have been reported to have deficits in "effortful," but not effortless, cognitive functions compared to healthy volunteers. To test the hypothesis that the effortful cognitive deficits in major depression are not simply a function of psychiatric illness or hospitalization, we administered both effort-demanding and effortless cognitive tasks to 17 inpatients with major affective disorder and 17 hospitalized psychiatric controls. The depressed patients performed significantly more poorly than the controls on the effort-demanding task. The groups did not differ on the effortless task. These findings suggest that depressed patients are impaired in performing effort-demanding cognitive tasks compared to nondepressed psychiatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Tancer
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ekstrom
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Haggerty
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Golden
mesh_terms: D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D010153:Paired-Associate Learning; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011340:Problem Solving; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D012153:Retention, Psychology