title: Outcome standards for the client with chronic congestive heart failure.
abstract: This article discusses the outcome standards for the client with chronic congestive heart failure. The pathophysiology of chronic congestive heart failure is explained and used as a basis for the outcome standards nurses need to strive for in this patient population. This article outlines the basic outcome standards for this patient population and aspires to open the doorway for further research into the needs of the client with chronic congestive heart failure.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009732:Nursing Care / Q000592:standards*; D009742:Nursing Theory; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D012648:Self Care