title: Transfer of the pronator teres tendon to the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus in tetraplegia.
abstract: In eleven patients who had traumatic tetraplegia, the pronator teres tendon was transferred to the flexor digitorum profundus tendons to restore active flexion of the fingers. At the same time, in ten of these patients the tendon of the brachioradialis was transferred to the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus, and in the eleventh patient the brachioradialis tendon was transferred to the tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis of the small finger, to restore pinch. The average time between injury and operation was thirty-four months. The average length of follow-up after operation was thirty-four months. Ten patients gained functional active flexion of the fingers, and they reported improved performance of activities of daily living. When the wrist was in 30 degrees of extension, the average active grasp strength was twenty-one millimeters of mercury and the average key-pinch strength was 2.2 kilograms. The average active flexion of the fingers from the resting position, measured from the tip of the finger to the distal palmar crease, was 1.5 centimeters. Only one patient did not gain active flexion of the fingers. Of the entire group, this patient had the least function of the hand on preoperative evaluation; retrospectively, he seemed to be a poor candidate for operation, since the strength of the pronator teres muscle and the sensibility of the hand were insufficient for useful function. We concluded that, in selected tetraplegic patients, transfer of the pronator teres tendon to the flexor digitorum profundus tendons provides useful active flexion of the fingers.
authors.affiliation: Regional Spinal Cord Injury Care System of Southern California, Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, Downey.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gansel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gellman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000601:surgery*; D013709:Tendon Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery*; D013933:Thumb / Q000502:physiology