title: The direction of membrane lipid flow in locomoting polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the direction of membrane lipid flow in locomoting cells. The plasma membrane of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was stained with a fluorescent lipid analog dihexadecanoyl indocarbocyanine. A line was photobleached on the cell surface perpendicular to the direction of cell motion. Low-light-level fluorescence microscopy and digital image-processing techniques were used to analyze a series of images taken at short intervals after photobleaching. The bleached line remained visible for about 5 seconds before being erased by diffusional recovery. Examination of fluorescence intensity profiles allowed a comparison to be made between the velocities of line and cell movement. Results indicate that the bleached line moves forward with the same velocity as the cell during locomotion, refuting the retrograde lipid flow model of locomotion. Instead, the plasma membrane lipid appears to move forward according to either the unit movement of membrane or the tank track model of locomotion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D002232:Carbocyanines; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008560:Membrane Fluidity; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000502:physiology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D010777:Photochemistry
chemical_list: C035005:3,3'-dihexadecylindocarbocyanine; D002232:Carbocyanines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008563:Membrane Lipids