title: Phorbol ester and dioctanoylglycerol stimulate membrane association of protein kinase C and have a negative inotropic effect mediated by changes in cytosolic Ca2+ in adult rat cardiac myocytes.
abstract: We used left ventricular myocytes from adult rats to investigate the effect of 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and of sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (DiC-8) on the membrane association of protein kinase C (PKC), cytosolic [Ca2+], (Cai) homeostasis, and the contractile properties of single cardiac cells. Because PKC activity is known to be highly Ca2+ sensitive, the K+ concentration of the bathing medium was raised from 5 to 30 mM in some experiments, a perturbation known to depolarize the cell and increase Cai. In cell suspensions both PMA (3 x 10(-10) and 3 x 10(-7) M) and DiC-8 (10(-5) and 10(-4) M) increased membrane association of PKC. The effect of PMA (10(-7) M) on PKC translocation was enhanced in 30 mM KCl compared with 5 mM KCl. During steady field stimulation at 1 Hz in 1 mM bathing [Ca2+], both PMA (10(-7) M) and DiC-8 (10(-5) M) decreased twitch amplitude to approximately 60% of control in 5 mM KCl, and the negative inotropic effect of either drug was more pronounced in 30 mM KCl than in 5 mM KCl. In single cardiac myocytes loaded with the Ca2+ indicator indo-1 and bathed in 5 mM KCl, we simultaneously measured cell length and Cai. The myofilament responsiveness to Ca2+ was assessed by the relation between contraction amplitude and the peak of the Cai transient. The negative inotropic effect of both PMA and DiC-8 was related to a diminished amplitude of the Cai transient and not to a decreased myofilament responsiveness to Ca2+. In the absence of electrical stimulation, PMA (10(-7) M) and DiC-8 (10(-5) M) decreased the frequency of contractile waves due to spontaneous Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and DiC-8 also decreased resting Cai. Thus, activation of PKC, which is thought to occur as part of the response of cardiac muscle to alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation, is associated with a negative inotropic action due to a smaller Cai transient rather than to a decrease in the myofilament responsiveness to Ca2+. These effects on the membrane association of PKC and on contractility are enhanced by cell depolarization achieved by raising [KCl] in the bathing medium.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Capogrossi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Filburn
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pelto
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hansford
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Spurgeon
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Lakatta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005989:Glycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D005989:Glycerides; C044295:1,2-dioctanoylglycerol; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium