title: Temperature artifacts produced by thermocouples used in conjunction with 1 and 3 MHz ultrasound.
abstract: The relative temperature artifacts produced by a selection of commercially available thermocouples and catheters were evaluated in radiation bolus and beef phantoms heated by 1 and 3 MHz continuous ultrasound. The thermocouples included a 23 gauge needle microprobe inserted directly into the phantoms, polyurethane-sheathed, Teflon-sheathed, and exposed-tip thermocouples, each inserted into a 19 gauge polyurethane closed-end catheter, a multisensor Teflon-sheathed probe inserted into a 16 gauge polyurethane catheter and a Teflon-sheathed single-sensor probe without a catheter. The needle microprobe and the polyurethane-sheathed thermocouple produce equivalent artifacts. The artifacts produced by the Teflon and exposed-tip thermocouples are 1.4 +/- 0.3 times greater, that produced by the multisensor Teflon-sheathed probe is 2.1 +/- 0.3 times greater, and that produced by the Teflon-sheathed thermocouple without a catheter is 2.3 +/- 0.4 times greater. The results in the beef phantom indicate that the needle microprobe and polyurethane-sheathed thermocouple both produce artifacts of 0.7 +/- 0.1 degree in tissue at an SAR of 100 W/kg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Waterman
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Leeper
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature; D002404:Catheterization; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D013821:Thermometers; D014159:Transducers; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*