title: Psychogenic seizures in children and adolescents: outcome after diagnosis by ictal video and electroencephalographic recording.
abstract: Psychogenic seizures in 21 nonepileptic children and adolescents, aged 8 to 18 (mean 14.5) years, were recorded by means of video recording and electroencephalography. The episodes included thrashing movements, limb jerking, or staring, with unresponsiveness. Ictal and interictal electroencephalograms showed no abnormalities after antiepileptic medication was discontinued. Fifteen patients had psychogenic seizures spontaneously during recording, and six had seizures in response to suggestion and intravenous saline injection. After the video-electroencephalographic evaluation, patients and families were told that the episodes were emotional in origin. All patients but 1 agreed to remain without antiepileptic medication, and 16 patients (76%) agreed to begin psychiatric treatment. At 6 to 66 (mean 30) months' follow-up, 14 of 18 (78%) were free of episodes. These data indicate that the majority of young patients with psychogenic seizures have a good outcome. A firm diagnosis is critical so that the episodes can be classified and emphasized as medically not worrisome, permitting a shift away from antiepileptic medication and toward psychiatric treatment.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195-5227.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wyllie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Rothner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luders
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dinner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cruse
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erenberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kotagal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014741:Video Recording