title: Different effects of halothane and enflurane on diaphragmatic contractility in vivo.
abstract: We examined the effects of halothane and enflurane on diaphragmatic contractility in 12 anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs. The diaphragmatic force was assessed from transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) developed at functional residual capacity against an occluded airway during cervical phrenic nerve stimulation. Animals were randomly assigned to two groups, a halothane group (n = 6) and an enflurane group (n = 6). The Pdi stimulus-frequency relationship was compared at anesthetic levels of 1, 1.5, and 2 MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) in each group. The sequence of changing anesthetic concentration was randomized. In addition, the Pdi-frequency relationship was also compared between 1 MAC of halothane and enflurane in 8 of 12 dogs. In animals anesthetized with enflurane, Pdi significantly decreased with 50- and 100-Hz stimulation in the presence of increasing MAC values, whereas Pdi at 10-Hz stimulation was not affected by the depth of anesthesia. Pdi with 20-Hz stimulation during 2 MAC enflurane also decreased significantly below Pdi levels seen at 1 and 1.5 MAC. By contrast, with halothane there was no difference in Pdi at any of the stimulation frequencies during any of the three levels of anesthesia. There was no statistical difference, however, between Pdi-frequency relationships during 1 MAC of halothane and enflurane in eight animals. From these results, we conclude that halothane does not impair diaphragmatic contractility any more than enflurane does, but enflurane decreases force generation of the diaphragm at high stimulation frequencies in a dose-related fashion. This depressant effect of enflurane occurs mainly through the impairment of neuromuscular transmission and/or membrane excitability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kochi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004737:Enflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010791:Phrenic Nerve; D011312:Pressure
chemical_list: D004737:Enflurane; D006221:Halothane