title: 1-Chloromethylpyrene: a reference skin sensitizer and genotoxin.
abstract: 1-Chloromethylpyrene (1-CMP) has been evaluated as a model mutagen and toxin related to the ultimate electrophiles derived from benzo[a]pyrene and 1-nitropyrene. It was mutagenic to Salmonella (greater than 100 pg/plate) and exceptionally reactive to DNA when assessed by the 32P-postlabelling technique. 1-CMP was inactive in a mouse bone micronucleus assay when administered by gavage, probably due to hydrolysis, whose kinetics have been studied (t1/2 approximately 23 min at 37 degrees C). However, as expected, it was a potent skin toxin as determined by its activity as a mitogen to mouse skin and its contact allergenicity, as determined using the local lymph node proliferative assay. It is concluded that 1-CMP will probably be a potent human skin carcinogen and contact allergen.
authors.affiliation: ICI Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, Great Britain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ashby
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tinwell
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kimber
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paton
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Callander
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chouroulinkov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects; D012627:Sebaceous Glands / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D009153:Mutagens; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D011721:Pyrenes; C052575:1-chloromethylpyrene; D004247:DNA