Experimental frostbite: freezing times, rewarming times, and lowest temperatures of pig skin exposed to chilled air.
Frostbite was produced in the skin of five Hanford Miniature Swine by exposing local areas to chilled air (-75 degrees C) for 1, 3, 5, 10, or 20 min. A copper-constantan thermocouple was inserted into the dermis to measure the temperature. The mean freezing time (the time required to reach 0 degrees C) was approximately 1.9 min. The mean lowest temperatures were 8.8, -15.7, -20.9, -22.5, and -23.4 degrees C for the 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-, and 20-min freezes, respectively. The mean times to rewarm the skin to 25 degrees C were 3.1, 4.5, 5.5, 7.0, and 8.6 min for the 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-, and 20-min freezes, respectively. Significant linear correlations existed between duration of freeze and rewarming times, duration of freeze and lowest temperature, and lowest temperature and rewarming times.
Schoning
P
P
Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
Hall
S M
SM
Hamlet
M P
MP
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005627:Frostbite / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors