title: Value and limitations of auscultation in the management of congenital heart disease.
abstract: With advances in technology, especially that of ultrasonography, the art and science of auscultation could become relegated to that of an obsolete technique. Physicians in a cardiovascular training program involved in learning modern instrumentation diagnostic techniques often become expert in these areas before they have mastered the use of the stethoscope. Although the technology of ultrasonic examination, cardiac catheterization, and angiocardiography must be learned, the value of auscultation of the heart cannot be ignored. Many highly competent physicians who are responsible for diagnosis and treatment of the pediatric patient, including some pediatric cardiologists, may not be aware that they have not yet become experts at auscultation. The skill of auscultation of the heart must be learned by supervised experience with patients in whom a wide variety of normal and abnormal heart sounds and murmurs can be heard. Once learned, the skill can be maintained only by frequent practice in hearing and evaluating both subtle and obvious sounds emanating from the heart and from the pulmonary and systemic blood vessels.
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: McNamara
mesh_terms: D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006326:Heart Auscultation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006337:Heart Murmurs; D006347:Heart Sounds; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012135:Respiratory Sounds