title: Spontaneous and nonspontaneous internal jugular vein thrombosis.
abstract: Nonspontaneous internal jugular vein thrombosis (IJVT) is an uncommon condition historically associated with deep neck infections during the pre-antibiotic era. Today, trauma to the internal jugular vein from catheterization and repeated intravenous injections by drug users are the leading causes of thrombosis, with direct extension of tumor being a rare cause. Spontaneous IJVT occurs when there are no apparent predisposing causes, although many of these patients may harbor an occult malignant neoplasm. Therefore, careful investigation and follow-up are imperative in these patients. The diagnosis of IJVT is readily confirmed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Management of IJVT involves anticoagulation, antibiotics, and with few indications for surgical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Sir Mortimer B David-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: al-Noury
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D004617:Embolism / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000150:complications; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed