title: Absence of trichothecenes in toxigenic isolates of Fusarium moniliforme.
abstract: Thirty-four isolates of Fusarium moniliforme were obtained from cereal grains collected in various parts of the world. The isolates were grown on rice and tested as a diet for toxicity to rats. Of these isolates, 53% caused death, 12% caused congestion and hemorrhage of the stomach and intestine as well as hematuria, 21% caused diarrhea, 38% caused weight loss, and 9% were nontoxic. The cultures were tested to T-2, HT-2, neosolaniol, acetyl-T-2, T-2-tetraol, iso-T-2, diacetoxyscirpenol, monoacetoxyscirpenol, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone-X, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, zearalenone, moniliformin, fusarochromanone, fusarin-C, and wortmannin; all were negative. In addition, F. moniliforme NRRL A25820 was grown on corn and banana fruit as solid substrates as well as on a defined liquid medium; none of the above toxins were found. When F. moniliforme NRRL A25820 was incorporated into a rat diet, no toxicity was noted. Twenty-eight additional isolates of F. moniliforme, isolated from feed associated with equine leukoencephalomalacia, were grown on cracked corn for 2 weeks. The cultures were negative when tested for deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, monoacetoxyscirpenol, nivalenol, and fusarenone X. Seventy-five percent of the isolates were toxic to ducklings, indicating the presence of a toxin other than trichothecenes. Our results support the conclusion that F. moniliforme does not produce trichothecenes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mirocha
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Vesonder
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D003470:Culture Media; D004372:Ducks; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D005638:Fruit; D005670:Fusarium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D012275:Oryza; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D009183:Mycotoxins; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D014255:Trichothecenes