title: Sensitive radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the simultaneous determination of chloroquine and its metabolites in biological fluids.
abstract: Two new methods for the simultaneous determination of chloroquine and its two main metabolites (monodesethylchloroquine and bisdesethylchloroquine) in biological samples, radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), are described. Antiserum is produced in rabbits immunized with N-(2-carboxyethyl)desethylchloroquine:protein conjugate. Besides chloroquine, this antiserum recognizes with good affinity the two main metabolites, monodesethylchloroquine and bisdesethylchloroquine (70 and 40% of crossreaction, respectively). Amodiaquine cross reacts by 4.5%; cross reactions with monodesethylamodiaquine, bisdesethylamodiaquine, and other antimalarial drugs are less than 1%. No extraction step or sample preparation is required for either system. Sensitivity limits are, respectively, 0.70 nM (3 pg of chloroquine sulfate measured in 10 microL of plasma sample) for RIA, and 10 nM (22 pg of chloroquine sulfate measured in 5 microL of plasma sample) for ELISA. The interassay coefficients of variation are, respectively, less than 10 and less than 16% for RIA and ELISA in the range 14-410 nM (6-180 ng/mL). The results of both methods are well correlated (r = 0.97) and correlate with spectrophotometry (r = 0.98) and HPLC results (r = 0.93). Because of their high sensitivity, both methods can be used in the case of chloroquine poisoning and in the control of malaria prophylaxis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biochimie-Toxicologie, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Escande
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chevalier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verdier
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bourdon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006241:Haptens; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011107:Polylysine / Q000032:analysis; D011817:Rabbits; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D006241:Haptens; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011107:Polylysine; D002738:Chloroquine; C033490:N,N-dideethylchloroquine; C007278:desethylchloroquine