title: Amino acids and memory consolidation in the cricket. I: Changes in the titer of free amino acids in nervous tissue after learning.
abstract: The involvement of certain amino acids in the memory consolidation process was investigated in the cricket Pteronemobius sp. Thirsty crickets were trained to constantly turn to one side of a symmetrical Y-shaped maze using reinforcement with water. Controls were trained to turn to both sides of the maze according to a random program. Animals were sacrificed immediately after training and free amino acid fractions were isolated from whole brain, subesophagic, prothoracic, mesothoracic and metathoracic ganglia homogenates and analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. A complex pattern of variation in the titer of amino acids emerged after learning, where the changes differed among the various ganglia. The most conspicuous change was an increase in the levels of urea and an amino acid-like compound related to the urea cycle, in all ganglia except the subesophagic one, if compared to controls. Arginine increased in the subesophagic ganglion, but decreased significantly in the metathoracic ganglion. The variation of ganglionic amino acid levels and its possible relation to mnemonic processes is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Biologia de Organismos, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baklien
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Zabala
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tablante
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribbi-Jaffe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blau
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005724:Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D006135:Gryllidae / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D009987:Orthoptera / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids