title: The prevalence of micro-albuminuria and glomerular hyperfiltration in young patients with IDDM.
abstract: We have assessed the prevalence of two risk factors for diabetic nephropathy, i.e., micro-albuminuria and a raised glomerular filtration rate (GFR), in 127 insulin-dependent diabetic patients aged 13-36 years. Micro-albuminuria (albumin excretion rate (AER) 20-200 micrograms/min) was found in 46 subjects (36%) and GFR was elevated (greater than 135 ml/min/1.73 m2) in 43 (34%). The prevalence of supranormal GFR declined and that of micro-albuminuria rose progressively with the increasing duration of diabetes. While age and sex distribution were similar in subjects with and without raised AER, duration of diabetes was significantly longer, blood pressure (BP) was significantly greater and age of onset was lower in the micro-albuminuria group. Blood pressure was significantly elevated only in the patients with AER of 70-200 micrograms/min; there was a linear trend for BP to rise as AER increased. Stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that duration of diabetes (P less than 0.0001), age of onset of diabetes (P less than 0.005) and current glycaemic control (HbA1) (P less than 0.01) were risk factors for micro-albuminuria. The association with a rising blood pressure appears to be secondary to the renal involvement. In this cross-sectional study an association of micro-albuminuria with a raised GFR could not be demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, S., Africa.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kalk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Panz
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Esse
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Reinach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin