title: Release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum is not the mechanism for bile acid-induced cholestasis and hepatotoxicity in the intact rat liver.
abstract: The hypothesis that monohydroxy bile acids exert their cholestatic and hepatotoxic effects via a sustained elevation of cytosolic [Ca2+] was tested in the isolated perfused rat liver. Infusion of the specific inhibitor of microsomal Ca2+ sequestration, 2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone (tBuBHQ) (25 microM for 10 min) produced efflux of Ca2+ from the liver and a sustained (20 min) increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] as indicated by the threefold increase in hepatic glucose output. Release of the endoplasmic reticular Ca2+ pool was demonstrated by the complete abolition of vasopressin- and phenylephrine-induced Ca2+ exchange between the liver and perfusate. Despite the profound perturbation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis produced by tBuBHQ, there was no decrease in bile flow and no evidence of hepatocellular injury (for 60 min), as indicated by lactate dehydrogenase release. In contrast, lithocholic acid (25 microM for 10 or 30 min) or taurolithocholic acid (5 microM for 10 or 30 min) produced an 80-90% inhibition of bile flow and a progressive increase in perfusate lactate dehydrogenase activity. During and after bile acid infusion, there was no change in Ca2+ fluxes between liver and perfusate, no stimulation of glucose output from the liver, and hormone-stimulated Ca2+ responses were preserved. It is concluded that the mechanisms for bile acid-induced cholestasis and hepatotoxicity in the intact liver are not attributable to changes in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and especially not to prolonged release or depletion of Ca2+ sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Duddy
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Kass
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Llopis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gahm
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orrenius
mesh_terms: D001646:Bile / Q000187:drug effects; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000633:toxicity*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium