title: Effect of methoxyethanol, cyclophosphamide and cadmium on metallothionein levels during prenatal development in the mouse.
abstract: Three known teratogenic agents--methoxyethanol (ME), cyclophosphamide (CP) and cadmium (Cd)--are possible inducers of metallothionein (MT) in the embryo and/or in the fetus. Their effect on the MT levels of forelimbs, brain and liver during prenatal development and in dam's liver was studied in the mouse to elucidate whether MT could be used as an early biochemical indicator of teratogenicity. Pregnant mice were injected with 2 doses of each teratogen at different days of the middle gestational phase and their embryos and fetuses were obtained thereafter. Quantitative estimation of MT in the S9 from homogenates of the embryo/fetal tissues and organs and maternal liver showed major alterations in the dam's hepatic MT content but only small changes in prenatal MT levels. These results do not support MT as an early indicator of teratogenicity. However, a causal relationship between the maternal MT changes induced by the tested agents and their teratogenic effect could be possible.
authors.affiliation: Bundesgesundheitsamt, Berlin, F.R.G.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Dieter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D008098:Litter Size / Q000187:drug effects; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D013723:Teratogens
chemical_list: D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D013723:Teratogens; D002104:Cadmium; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D008668:Metallothionein; C005219:methyl cellosolve