title: Fluoride analysis in nanoliter- and microliter-size fluid samples.
abstract: A variety of techniques is described for measuring fluoride in volumes of from 0.005 to 5 microL, including: (1) micropipette procedures for transference and dilution of samples, (2) construction of miniature and micro fluoride-selective electrodes, and (3) methods for adapting standard electrodes for micro- and semi-micro volumes. These described techniques have a number of advantages, including speed of analysis, high accuracy, and adaptability to many types of fluid samples. Recent studies involving use of these procedures include the analysis of fluoride in: (1) plaque fluid samples from single sites before and after topical fluoride administration, (2) tooth mineral samples recovered by acid-etch or microdrill biopsy of enamel, and (3) fluid recovered from the interior of the tooth during simulation of the caries process.
authors.affiliation: American Dental Association Health Foundation, Paffenbarger Research Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ekstrand
mesh_terms: D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000032:analysis; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000032:analysis; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D008722:Methods; D008839:Microelectrodes; D012463:Saliva / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005459:Fluorides