title: Transvenous defibrillation in humans via the coronary sinus.
abstract: A consistently effective transvenous defibrillation system for use in automatic defibrillators could significantly alter the approach to patients at risk of sudden death. Transvenous defibrillation systems that use a right ventricular (RV) electrode only or an RV electrode in combination with a chest patch are relatively inefficient at applying current to the posterolateral left ventricle. An RV electrode combined with a coronary sinus (CS) electrode, however, may improve current distribution to the posterolateral left ventricle. The purpose of this investigation, therefore, was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a specially designed transvenous lead system with a CS electrode capable of current delivery to this relatively inaccessible region of the heart. In 20 survivors of cardiac arrest, we determined defibrillation efficacy immediately before defibrillator surgery for monophasic pulses delivered between an RV catheter electrode and a CS catheter electrode system and compared these findings with an RV catheter electrode-thoracic patch defibrillation system. Subsequently, we referenced the efficacy of both transvenous systems to an epicardial patch electrode system at the time of defibrillator implantation. The mean delivered-energy defibrillation threshold for the CS-RV electrode system was 17.5 +/- 7.9 J, which was substantially lower than the RV electrode-thoracic patch system (25.6 +/- 11.4 J, p = 0.0016 [46% more]). Defibrillation threshold voltage was 529 +/- 123 V for the CS-RV electrode system and 647 +/- 164 V (22% more) for the RV electrode-thoracic patch system (p = 0.0013).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Bardy
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehra
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Ivey
mesh_terms: D003331:Coronary Vessels; D004056:Differential Threshold; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004566:Electrodes; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014680:Veins