title: Early nosocomial infections in pediatric cardiovascular surgery patients.
abstract: All patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery between July 1, 1987 and February 29, 1988 were followed from admission to the pediatric ICU (PICU) daily by an intensivist/anesthetist. Patients were characterized by surgical procedure and PRISM score on ICU admission. Of 310 patients, 40 patients (nosocomially infected patient ratio 12.9) developed 78 infections (nosocomial infection ratio 25.2), of which 28% (n = 22) were wounds, within 2 months of surgery. Early wound infection followed 8% of closed, nonpump cases and 6.7% of open, pump cases. Wound infection was more likely if the sternum was open on the ward (elective or emergency) (27.6% open vs. 5.0% closed, p less than .001) or if the PRISM score was greater than or equal to 10 on PICU admission (10.7% greater than or equal to 10 vs. 2.3% less than 10, p less than .01). The causative agents in wound infections in closed cases were Staphylococcus aureus (70%) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) (30%) while in open, pump cases the agents were CONS (33%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27%), Candida spp. (27%), and S. aureus (20%). Nonwound infections accounted for 72% of infections (n = 56). The number of bacteremias and other central and arterial line-related infections approximated wound infection in incidence at 6.8/100 patients. Wound infections are more likely if the sternum has been left open on the ward, if the patient has a high PRISM score on PICU admission, and after specific surgical procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Ford-Jones
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rebeyka
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mindorff
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bohn
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Edmonds
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Lightfoot
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coles
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Trusler
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002648:Child; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004630:Emergencies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors