title: Use of low-dose ketamine hydrochloride in outpatient oral surgery.
abstract: This study compares the quality of anesthesia achieved with low-dose ketamine with that of methohexital sodium. In a double-blind study of 40 healthy adult patients undergoing a variety of minor oral surgical procedures, the anesthetic techniques were assessed with respect to the following parameters: patients' subjective evaluation of the anesthesia, the level of response to injection of local anesthetic, psychomotor ability after surgery, recovery times, and the frequency of adverse effects. From these observations, it was deduced that when low-dose ketamine was used with diazepam, meperidine, and nitrous oxide, it proved to be a safe and effective supplement for minimizing pain, discomfort, and anxiety before injection of local anesthetic. Patients' appreciation of the level of anesthetic achieved, psychomotor ability, adverse reactions, and recovery time was not significantly different from the methohexital sodium group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kryshtalskyj
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Direnfeld
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008723:Methohexital / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007649:Ketamine; D008614:Meperidine; D008723:Methohexital; D003975:Diazepam