title: Serum antibodies to Giardia lamblia by age in populations in Colorado and Thailand.
abstract: We measured levels of antibodies to Giardia lamblia by age in serum specimens from persons in Denver, Colorado, and Soongnern, Thailand. Serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, and IgA G lamblia-specific antibodies measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay increased substantially during childhood in both geographic areas, although children in Soongnern showed significantly higher mean levels of each antibody class (P less than .05). After adolescence, levels of G lamblia-specific IgM fell steadily with age in both populations. In contrast, specific IgA levels remained elevated throughout life among the Thai but decreased to low levels among adults in Denver. Similarly, rates of carriage of G lamblia were high among children aged 1 to 4 years in Denver and Soongnern (14.3% versus 26.5%, respectively) but were much lower among adults in Denver (0% versus 14%; P less than .01). These data suggest that levels of G lamblia-specific IgM may reflect exposure to the parasite early in life in both areas. Levels of parasite-specific IgA may reflect recurrent exposure to G lamblia in Soongnern, where G lamblia is endemic, but less frequent exposure to the parasite in Denver, where exposure is often episodic.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Section, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Denver.
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Janoff
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Echeverria
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Glode
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Blaser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003120:Colorado / Q000453:epidemiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005872:Giardia / Q000276:immunology*; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan