title: Influence of tolazoline on caudal epidural administration of xylazine in cattle.
abstract: Eight adult female cattle (6 Holstein, 1 Jersey, 1 Brown Swiss) were used to determine the antagonistic effects of tolazoline, and alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, on xylazine-induced (via caudal epidural administration) depression of CNS, respiratory, and cardiovascular activity and rumen motility. A 2% solution of xylazine HCl was injected into the epidural space at the first coccygeal interspace, using a dosage of 0.05 mg/kg of body weight, diluted to a 5-ml volume with sterile water, and administered at a rate of approximately 1 ml/30 s. Eight minutes after xylazine injection, either tolazoline (0.3 mg/kg) or saline solution (4 ml) was administered IV. All 8 cattle were treated, using both regimens in a random sequence; at least 1 week elapsed between treatments. Epidurally administered xylazine induced caudal analgesia (S3 to coccyx), as evaluated by no response to superficial and deep muscular pinprick, and induced sedation, cardiopulmonary depression, and inhibition of rumen motility, but all cattle remained standing. Tolazoline effectively reversed xylazine-induced rumen hypomotility, and partially antagonized xylazine-induced cardiopulmonary depression without affecting sedation and desirable local (S3 to coccyx) analgesic effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Skarda
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Jean
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Muir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007268:Injections, Epidural / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012417:Rumen / Q000502:physiology*; D013843:Thiazines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014043:Tolazoline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013843:Thiazines; D014991:Xylazine; D014043:Tolazoline