title: Young children who drown in hot tubs, spas, and whirlpools in California: a 26-year survey.
abstract: A survey of drownings in hot tubs, spas, and whirlpools in California 1960-85 suggests a person- and site-specific profile. The identified 74 deaths occurred mostly in White children, under two years of age, in Southern California, during the late afternoons, from May through August. From 1967 to 1985, the drowning rate increased tenfold. The deaths were associated with access to the water, lack of supervision, neuromotor handicaps, and entrapment by suction. Educational and environmental control efforts are required to reduce the incidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health 90024-1772.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Shinaberger
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kraus
mesh_terms: D001494:Baths / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004332:Drowning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male