title: Behavioral and pharmacological treatment of persistent urinary incontinence in the elderly.
abstract: Research has demonstrated that behavioral interventions can help to decrease or eliminate urinary incontinence. Pharmacological agents have also been shown to be effective in the management of this problem. This article describes simple low risk behavioral techniques and pharmacological approaches that can be used by nurse practitioners to assist their incontinent patients to control this embarrassing and expensive problem.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Burgio
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Candib
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy*