title: Developmental delays associated with prenatal alcohol exposure are reversed by thyroid hormone treatment.
abstract: Exposure to alcohol in utero has been associated with hypothyroidism and a variety of developmental defects characteristic of thyroid dysfunction. The present work examined whether these abnormalities could be reversed in infant rats treated with thyroid hormones. Subjects were offspring of dams which were on the following diet regimen during gestation: (1) free access to liquid diet containing ethanol (alcohol pups); (2) an equal volume of isocaloric liquid diet (pair-fed pups); or (3) ad libitum control diet (control pups). Neonates from each group were foster-nursed by control dams, and received triiodothyronine (T3; 0.1 mg/kg/day; s.c.) or saline treatments on postnatal days 1 to 10. The alcohol neonates displayed reduced serum thyroxine which was restored to normal by postnatal day 14. In addition, these pups showed a delayed appearance of developmental landmarks, including righting reflex, dental eruption, auditory startle response and eye opening. The retarded incisor eruption and eye opening were reversed in alcohol pups by T3 treatments. The present data suggest that at least some of the developmental abnormalities associated with prenatal alcohol exposure are attributable to perinatal hypothyroidism and can be restored by early hormone replacement therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77225.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gottesfeld
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine; D000431:Ethanol; D013974:Thyroxine