title: Nefopam hydrochloride degradation kinetics in solution.
abstract: A stability-indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the detection of nefopam hydrochloride and its degradation products under accelerated degradation conditions. The degradation kinetics of nefopam hydrochloride in aqueous solutions over a pH range of 1.18 to 9.94 at 90 +/- 0.2 degrees C was studied. The degradation of nefopam hydrochloride was found to follow apparent first-order kinetics. The pH-rate profile shows that maximum stability of nefopam hydrochloride was obtained at pH 5.2-5.4. No general acid or base catalysis from acetate, phosphate, or borate buffer species was observed. The catalytic rate constants on the protonated nefopam imposed by hydrogen ion and water was determined to be 7.16 X 10(-6) M-1 sec-1, and 4.54 X 10(-9) sec-1, respectively. The pKa of nefopam hydrochloride in aqueous solution was determined to be 8.98 +/- 0.33 (n = 3) at 25 +/- 0.2 degrees C by the spectrophotometric method. The catalytic rate constant of hydroxyl ion on the degradation of nefopam in either protonated or nonprotonated form was determined to be 6.63 X 10(-6) M-1 sec-1 and 4.06 X 10(-6) M-1 sec-1, respectively. A smaller effect of hydroxyl ion on the degradation of nonprotonated than on the degradation of protonated nefopam was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City 73190.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D002021:Buffers; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004355:Drug Stability; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009340:Nefopam / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010079:Oxazocines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; D013696:Temperature; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D010079:Oxazocines; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D009340:Nefopam