title: Lithium clearance in healthy humans: effects of sodium intake and diuretics.
abstract: In summary, our experiments clearly demonstrate that lithium reabsorption occurs by frusemide- and bumetanide-sensitive reabsorption, but we have failed to identify the mechanism(s) responsible for the lower CLi and FELi in salt-depletion. It is possible that some, as yet unknown, factor increases the activity of the Na, K, 2Cl cotransporter and, hence, increases lithium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb in salt-depleted subjects. However, it is equally possible that a fraction of proximal tubular reabsorption is inhibited by frusemide and bumetanide. If this is correct, CLi in humans are reasonable markers of proximal tubular function even in conditions of avid salt retention and in salt depletion, when fractional reabsorption of salt and water in the proximal tubules is enhanced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Manchester University, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Atherton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Large
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McNicholas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pempkowiak
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D002034:Bumetanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D004232:Diuretics; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D002034:Bumetanide; D013148:Spironolactone; D000584:Amiloride; D005665:Furosemide; D008094:Lithium