title: [Rectal premedication using ketamine, diazepam and atropine in childhood].
abstract: In 70 children aged between 2 and 14 years the effect of rectal application of ketamine, diazepam and atropine was investigated. Administration was effected by suppositories in 38 children (group A) in four weight classes. Thirty-two children (group B) were premedicated by clysters depending on body weight. We found that the combination of drugs applied in group B showed significantly more effective premedication and enabled smooth induction of anaesthesia. Latency between application and induction was 20 minutes. Since a state of deep sleep can occur rapidly, a preoperative monitoring of the children is necessary. In contrast to group A, we found a smaller increase in heart rate in group B. But there were no differences in behaviour during and after operation between the groups. Despite the relatively small doses of ketamine, 12.8% of all children showed increased salivation. Therefore, this method of premedication should not be used without atropine. Since 11% of the patients vomited postoperatively, the use of dehydrobenzperidol instead of diazepam is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin der Kreisgesundheitseinrichtungen Bad Salzungen.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwabe
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000293:Adolescent; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication
chemical_list: D007649:Ketamine; D001285:Atropine; D003975:Diazepam
vernacular_title: Die rektale Prämedikation mit Ketamin, Diazepam und Atropin im Kindesalter.