title: A large frontonasal bone flap for sinus surgery in the horse.
abstract: A large frontonasal bone flap was created to treat diseases of the paranasal sinuses in 14 horses. The bone flap was made as wide as possible within the confines of the nasolacrimal duct so the floor of the frontal sinus and the dorsal and ventral conchae could be opened. These openings exposed the nasal passages, maxillary sinuses, and ventral conchal sinus thereby facilitating removal of diffuse and localized lesions from these sites. Diseases treated were ethmoid hematomas (4 horses), sinus cysts (5 horses), cryptococcal granuloma, osteoma, hemangiosarcoma, pus in the ventral conchal sinus, and periapical infection of a second molar. Four horses were euthanatized during or after surgery, one because of postsurgical pleuritis and pneumonia (horse with osteoma) and three because of their primary problems (cryptococcal granuloma, hemangiosarcoma, pus in the ventral conchal sinus). Skin suture abscesses that responded to treatment developed in four horses. Ten horses returned to their intended uses, the sinus flaps healed without blemish, and the original problems did not recur. The frontonasal flap technique provided greater access to all paranasal sinuses than methods described previously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Madison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D003560:Cysts / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus; D005260:Female; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D006099:Granuloma / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D006394:Hemangiosarcoma / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D006406:Hematoma / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D010016:Osteoma / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D010482:Periapical Abscess / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary