title: Protection against cyanide-induced convulsions with alpha-ketoglutarate.
abstract: Protection against convulsions induced by cyanide was observed after treatment with alpha-ketoglutarate, either alone or in combination with sodium thiosulfate, a classical antagonist for cyanide intoxication. However, sodium thiosulfate alone did not protect against cyanide (30 mg/kg)-induced convulsions. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in brain were decreased by 31% in KCN-treated mice exhibiting convulsions. The combined administration of alpha-ketoglutarate and sodium thiosulfate completely abolished the decrease of GABA levels induced by cyanide. Furthermore, sodium thiosulfate alone also completely abolished the decrease of GABA levels. These results suggest that the depletion of brain GABA levels may not directly contribute to the development of convulsions induced by cyanide. On the other hand, cyanide increased calcium levels by 32% in brain crude mitochondrial fractions in mice with convulsions. The increased calcium levels were completely abolished by the combined administration of alpha-ketoglutarate and sodium thiosulfate, but not affected by sodium thiosulfate alone. These findings support the hypothesis proposed by Johnson et al. (Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 84 (1986) 464) and Robinson et al. (Toxicology, 35 (1985) 59) that calcium may play an important role in mediating cyanide neurotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003486:Cyanides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D011190:Potassium Cyanide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D013885:Thiosulfates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003486:Cyanides; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D009566:Nitrates; D013885:Thiosulfates; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C031618:sodium nitrate; C017717:sodium thiosulfate; D011190:Potassium Cyanide; D002118:Calcium