title: Ischemia-reperfusion in humans. Appearance of xanthine oxidase activity.
abstract: We evaluated effluent blood from extremities of human patients undergoing reconstructive surgical treatment, which is routinely accompanied by upper-extremity exsanguination and application of a tourniquet, resulting in total interruption of arterial blood flow to one upper extremity. After tourniquet release (reperfusion), there were immediate increases in the plasma levels of xanthine oxidase activity, uric acid, and histamine in the ipsilateral limb and much smaller increases, if any, in levels of the same materials in plasma obtained from the contralateral extremity. There was no detectable xanthine dehydrogenase activity in plasma from either limb. Plasma also contained evidence of products consistent with the formation of oxygen-derived free radicals, namely, the appearance predominantly in the reperfused limb of hemoglobin and fluorescent compounds. These data indicate for the first time in humans that ischemia-reperfusion events are associated with the appearance of xanthine oxidase activity and its products in the plasma effluent.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Pathology, Ann Arbor 48109-0602.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Friedl
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Till
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply; D005453:Fluorescence; D005609:Free Radicals; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015424:Reperfusion; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D006454:Hemoglobins; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase