title: The stability of several compounds in formalin fixed tissues and formalin-blood solutions.
abstract: Buffered formalin solutions were added to spiked blood samples containing diazepam, phenytoin, carbon monoxide and cyanide to give formalin-whole blood solutions of 5 and 8%. Sections of liver positive for desipramine, phenobarbital and phenytoin were placed in separate 5 and 8% formalin-water solutions. The formalin-blood solutions were monitored daily for 30 days, while the fixed liver and formalin-water samples were analyzed once a week for 4 weeks. In the formalin-blood solutions losses were found for diazepam and phenytoin over the 30-day period of at least 41% and 33%, respectively. Cyanide detection was not possible immediately after the addition of formalin and the presence of carboxyhemoglobin was difficult to detect after 1 week. In the liver, losses of phenobarbital and desipramine were greater than 60% while phenytoin showed little change. This study has revealed that the drugs examined at toxic concentrations can be detected, with variable recoveries, for up to 30 days after fixation with formalin. However, quantitative analysis for cyanide and carboxyhemoglobin may be significantly impaired in the presence of formaldehyde.
authors.affiliation: Allegheny County Department of Laboratories, Pittsburgh, PA 15219.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Winek
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Cinicola
mesh_terms: D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D003486:Cyanides; D003891:Desipramine / Q000032:analysis; D003975:Diazepam / Q000032:analysis; D004355:Drug Stability; D004615:Embalming; D005404:Fixatives; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000032:analysis; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000032:analysis; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000032:analysis; D011180:Postmortem Changes
chemical_list: D003486:Cyanides; D005404:Fixatives; D005557:Formaldehyde; D010672:Phenytoin; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin; D003975:Diazepam; D003891:Desipramine; D010634:Phenobarbital