title: Suramin inhibits proliferation of rat glioma cells and alters N-CAM cell surface expression.
abstract: Suramin, a drug used in the treatment of trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis inhibits growth-factor-induced mitogenesis. We have investigated the effect of suramin on the growth rate and the morphology of C6 glioma cells cultured in the presence of serum or in a serum-free defined medium. Exponentially growing cells were seeded in multi-dish plates (5 x 10(4) cells/2 cm2 well) in DMEM supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum and were continuously exposed to 1 microgram/ml to 1,000 micrograms/ml suramin. Growth rate (determined 9 days after seeding) was reduced by 5%, 33%, 56% and 97%, respectively for suramin concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 micrograms/ml. Similar results were obtained in serum-free defined medium (DMEM/F12, 1:1, v:v, EGF 5 ng/ml, transferrin 5 micrograms/ml, selenium 10 ng/ml). Moreover, the concentration of suramin in the culture medium remained constant, demonstrating that the drug was not actively metabolized by the cells. Suramin also induced marked changes in cell morphology: the usual bipolar shape of C6 cells evolved toward a more differentiated appearance, with numerous cellular processes allowing a wide number of cell-cell contacts. In parallel, we monitored expression of an adhesion molecule (N-CAM) at both the mRNA and protein levels. Indirect immunofluoresence technique showed an important increase in cell surface N-CAM expression, starting from a dose of 10 micrograms/ml suramin, whereas total cellular content of N-CAM protein as well as its mRNA levels were unaffected. We also observed that the levels of expression of actin and N-CAM mRNAs decreased by a factor of two in cells maintained in defined medium. However, the relative ratio of N-CAM mRNA over actin mRNA was virtually unchanged following suramin treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that suramin (i) exerts a blocking effect of autocrine growth factors, (ii) interferes with the turn-over mechanisms of N-CAM expressed at the cell surface, either by impairing its endocytosis and/or the process of release of the N-CAM 120 isoform.
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 202, Université de Provence, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fantini
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marvaldi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rougon
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005910:Glioma / Q000032:analysis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D013498:Suramin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013498:Suramin