title: 2,4-Dienoyl-coenzyme A reductase deficiency: a possible new disorder of fatty acid oxidation.
abstract: Several inherited disorders of fatty acid beta-oxidation have been described that relate mainly to saturated precursors. This study is the first report of an enzyme defect related only to unsaturated fatty acid oxidation and provides the first in vivo evidence that fat oxidation in humans proceeds by the reductase-dependent pathway. The patient was a black female, presenting in the neonatal period with persistent hypotonia. Biochemical studies revealed hyperlysinemia, hypocarnitinemia, normal organic acid profile, and an unusual acylcarnitine species in both urine and blood. The new metabolite was positively identified by mass spectrometry as 2-trans,4-cis-decadienoylcarnitine, derived from incomplete oxidation of linoleic acid. In spite of dietary therapy, the patient died of respiratory acidosis at four months of age. Samples of liver and muscle from the autopsy were assayed for 2,4-dienoyl-coenzyme A reductase activity. Using the substrate 2-trans,4-cis-decadienoylcoenzyme A, the reductase activity was 40% of the control value in liver and only 17% of that found in normal muscle. It is suggested that unsaturated substrates should be used for in vitro testing to cover the full range of potential beta-oxidation defects and that acylcarnitine species identification be used for in vivo detection of this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Genetics and Metabolism, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Millington
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Norwood
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kodo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sprecher
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McVie
mesh_terms: D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D008052:Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000201:enzymology*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology*; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; C100153:2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase