title: Transition to motherhood and the self: measurement, stability, and change.
abstract: Different ways of conceptualizing and measuring change in attitudes during transition to motherhood are examined. A series of analyses was performed on data from a cross-sectional sample (N = 667) and a smaller longitudinal sample (n = 48) to demonstrate sound psychometric properties for 2 new scales and to show construct comparability across different phases of childbearing. For Childbearing Attitudes Questionnaire, results demonstrated equality of covariance for 16 scales and comparability of structure and meaning of 4 higher order factors--identification with motherhood, social orientation, self-confidence, and negative aspects of giving birth. For Mothering Self-Definition Questionnaire, results demonstrated equality of covariance of 5 scales and comparability of structure and meaning of a single higher order factor, interpreted as reflecting positive feelings about one's mothering characteristics. Analyses of correlations and mean differences identified areas of change and stability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Ruble
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brooks-Gunn
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fitzmaurice
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stangor
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deutsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007062:Identification, Psychological; D008016:Life Change Events; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009035:Mothers; D010556:Personality Tests; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept