title: Fatal massive pulmonary hemorrhage complicating mitral stenosis.
abstract: Mitral stenosis is a well known cause of hemoptysis; however, sudden death due to fatal massive pulmonary hemorrhage is an extremely rare complication. In this report, we describe a 28-year-old female with severe mitral stenosis who died suddenly due to such complication. A review of the literature shows such complication is extremely rare and unpredictable. We recommend that patients with severe mitral stenosis and history of hemoptysis be considered as candidates for early surgical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000473:pathology; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000473:pathology; D003645:Death, Sudden / Q000473:pathology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000473:pathology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000473:pathology; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000473:pathology*