title: Anopheles gambiae complex egg-stage survival in dry soil from larval development sites in western Kenya.
abstract: The potential for Anopheles egg survival in dry soil from larval development sites was investigated in western Kenya. A total of 230 dry soil samples collected in 1987, 1988 and 1989 yielded 126 first-instar Anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae from 2 to 5 days after flooding with water. These larvae were from dried animal hoofprints along streams (57.9%), from dried edges of permanent and temporary pools (41.3%) and from dried stream beds (0.8%). Larval density was 1.2 larvae/kg of soil from positive microhabitats in 1987 and 2.4 larvae/kg in 1988. Thirteen larvae from the 1989 soil samples, reared to adults, were identified by DNA probes as Anopheles gambiae sensu strictu (n = 6) and Anopheles arabiensis (n = 7). Experimentally, eggs from field-collected females remained viable up to 12 days for An. gambiae s.l. and 10 days for An. funestus. In western Kenya, egg viability in dry soil may represent a significant, short-term survival mechanism for 2 species of the An. gambiae complex.
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oyaro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masinya
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Odago
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oduor
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Koech
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000254:growth & development*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D003890:Desiccation; D004463:Ecology; D007630:Kenya; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D010063:Ovum / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D012987:Soil