title: Effects of D-glucose and beta-hydroxybutyric acid on the in vitro development of (pre)chondrocytes from embryos of normal and diabetic rats.
abstract: In order to elucidate cellular mechanisms causing skeletal malformations in offspring of diabetic rats we studied the incorporation of thymidine and sulphate into embryonic (pre)chondrocytes exposed to increased levels of D-glucose and beta-hydroxybutyric acid for six days in vitro. The (pre)chondrocytes were prepared from embryos of normal or diabetic rats of a malformation-prone strain or from embryos of normal rats of a non-malformation-prone strain. Diabetic female rats of the former strain are known to produce a high proportion of offspring with mandibular and lumbosacral malformations. Increased beta-hydroxybutyric acid caused decreased thymidine incorporation in all types of chondrocytes, and decreased sulphate incorporation in limb bud cells from embryos of normal rats from both strains. Elevated D-glucose levels yielded a slight decrease in thymidine incorporation in mandibular arch cells from embryos of normal rats of the malformation-prone strain, and a marked decrease of both sulphate and thymidine incorporation in mandibular arch cells from embryos of diabetic rats of this strain. The observations suggest that elevated levels of D-glucose or beta-hydroxybutyric acid are able to inhibit the differentiation and growth of (pre)-chondrocytes and illustrate a selective sensitivity of mandibular arch (pre)chondrocytes to a diabetic environment. The data are compatible with the view that both D-glucose and beta-hydroxybutyric acid may cause aberrations in the development of rat mandibular arch chondrocytes, suggesting a role for these compounds in diabetic teratogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Styrud
authors.forename: U J
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000196:embryology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D005947:Glucose; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid