title: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the significance of neck node involvement in relation to the pattern of distant failure.
abstract: The pattern of distant failure of 759 Stage I-IV cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was studied. The most common sites of distant metastasis were, in descending order, bone, lung and liver. The N stage, T stage and the characteristics (size and degree of fixation) of the neck nodes involved were found to be significant prognostic factors determining the development of distant metastasis. The bilaterality of neck node involvement, sex, age, haemoglobin and white blood count at diagnosis were not significant. The discriminating effect of N stage holds true in patient groups stratified for the node size and degree of fixation. The superiority of the Ho stage classification was confirmed. The high incidence of distant failure in patients with T3, N3, or bulky or fixed neck node involvement warrants further clinical trials to explore the role of adjuvant chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sham
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009333:Neck; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis