title: Effect of dose on nicotine's reinforcing, withdrawal-suppression and self-reported effects.
abstract: Seventy-eight smokers trying to quit were randomly assigned to 0-, 0.5-, 2- and 4-mg doses of nicotine gum and tracked for 9 months. In the 1st week of abstinence, self-administration of gum did not differ by dose (4 mg = 2 mg = 0.5 mg = 0 mg). Higher doses did not more effectively suppress withdrawal than lower doses nor induce more accurate nicotine identification (4 mg = 2 mg = 0.5 mg greater than 0 mg). Higher doses slightly increased ratings of adverse effects in the 1st week (4 mg greater than 2 mg greater than 0.5 mg greater than 0 mg). Over the next 6 months, the two higher doses appeared to support more gum self-administration than the two lower doses (4 mg = 2 mg greater than 0.5 mg = 0 mg) in the subsample of long-term quitters (n = 20). Our results suggest the dose-response curves differ for nicotine gum's reinforcing, withdrawal-suppression and self-reported effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Gust
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fenwick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003367:Cotinine / Q000032:analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D012463:Saliva / Q000032:analysis; D012646:Self Administration; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine; D003367:Cotinine