title: Toxicological evaluation of food additives. Toxicological evaluation over estimation of potential high intake to permitted levels of use of food additives and vice versa.
abstract: Permitted levels of use for food additives should agree with the acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) established by toxicologists. To ensure accordance, nutritional and physiological factors can be used to estimate high intakes of food and beverages. Appetite and thirst (energy and liquid requirements) are such quantitative factors. They are universal and, if placed on the same level as the ADI, i.e., expressed on a kilogram of body weight basis, can be used to estimate high intakes of an additive. This tool can be easily used to judge whether a suggested level of use may cause consumption of the additive to exceed the ADI. It also tells us to what level (ADI) toxicological clearance should be sought, when the technological need is known. The method is independent of food consumption surveys, but these may be carried out to confirm its forecasts. This paper uses caramel in soft drinks as an example. The approach, also called "the budget method," has been tried out in Denmark and Sweden. It is now being offered as a solution to the problem facing the European Communities: to establish before 1993 a common list of food additives containing quantitative limitations for use.
authors.affiliation: FOOD CONSULT, Odder, Denmark.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D001066:Appetite; D001628:Beverages; D003718:Denmark; D004032:Diet; D005503:Food Additives / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007881:Legislation, Food; D013894:Thirst; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives