title: Energy utilization of breast-fed and formula-fed infants.
abstract: Breast-fed and formula-fed infants (n = 65) were studied at 1 and 4 mo of age to elucidate differences in energy utilization between feeding groups. Gross energy intake at 1 mo was comparable between groups but was statistically different at 4 mo. Weight, length, and weight gain were not different between groups. Energy expenditure 0-4 h postprandially did not differ between feeding groups. Sleeping metabolic rates (SMRs) were not different but minimal observable energy expenditures standardized by weight were lower among 4-mo-old breast-fed infants (p less than 0.03). No differences were found between feeding groups in thermic effect of feeding (TEF). Activity patterns revealed that breast-fed infants slept less than formula-fed infants (p less than 0.04). Disparities in energy intake observed between breast-fed and formula-fed infants at 4 mo of age did not result in statistically significant differences in growth rate, SMR, or TEF.
authors.affiliation: USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Butte
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garza
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001827:Body Height; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D001835:Body Weight; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male