title: Ocular and serum disposition kinetics of cloxacillin after topical administration of benzathine cloxacillin and intravenous administration of sodium cloxacillin to calves.
abstract: Disposition kinetics of cloxacillin were examined in calves after topical administration of benzathine cloxacillin and single IV administration of sodium cloxacillin, and the susceptibility of 17 field isolates of Moraxella bovis was measured. For the IV pharmacokinetic phase, sodium cloxacillin was administered at dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight to male Holstein calves (n = 6, weighing 146 to 170 kg), and serum concentration of cloxacillin was measured thereafter for 10 hours. For the ocular pharmacokinetic phase, 6 calves were given either of 4 benzathine cloxacillin topical formulations consisting of 50-, 125-, 250-, or 375-mg doses. Treatment was repeated every 10 days until all 4 benzathine cloxacillin dosages were tested in the same 6 calves. Blood and tears were collected for 72 hours after each benzathine cloxacillin formulation was administered, and the concentration of cloxacillin in each specimen was measured, using a bioassay. The minimal inhibitory concentration of cloxacillin for 17 field isolates of M bovis was determined by use of an agar pour-plate dilution assay. After single IV administration of sodium cloxacillin, its half-life, body clearance, and volume of distribution were 19.5 +/- 12.8 minutes, 18.3 +/- 2.2 ml/min.kg, and 496 +/- 290 ml/kg, respectively. After topical administration of benzathine cloxacillin, cloxacillin concentration in lacrimal fluid peaked between 30 and 45 minutes and ranged between 963 micrograms/ml and 3,256 micrograms/ml for the 125- and 375-mg doses, respectively. There was no detectable cloxacillin activity in the lacrimal fluid of any calf by 36 hours after topical administration of benzathine cloxacillin, and cloxacillin was not detected in the serum at any time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daigneault
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Baggot
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003023:Cloxacillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D009016:Moraxella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013666:Tears / Q000032:analysis*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C006692:benzathine cloxacillin; D003023:Cloxacillin