title: Antiplatelet therapy and carotid plaque hemorrhage and its clinical implications.
abstract: One hundred and fifty-four carotid endarterectomy plaques were studied to determine the correlation of multiple intraplaque hemorrhages to (1) carotid symptoms, (2) the percentage of carotid stenosis, and (3) the preoperative antiplatelet therapy. The plaques were evaluated histopathologically for the presence of multiple hemorrhages. The data were analyzed using the chi 2 test. Multiple hemorrhages were noted in 60.4% and single or not hemorrhage in 39.6% of patients with hemispheric symptoms. In patients with nonhemispheric symptoms, 9.4% had multiple hemorrhages and 90.6% has single or no hemorrhages; 89.4% plaques with multiple hemorrhages had stenosis greater than 75% in contrast to 37.5% in plaques with single or no hemorrhage; and 62.5% with single or no hemorrhage had stenosis of less than 75% (p less than 0.001). In patients receiving antiplatelet therapy, 80.1% of plaques with multiple hemorrhages were removed, in contrast to 19.7% from patients not receiving antiplatelets (p less than 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple intraplaque hemorrhages were seen more often in patients with hemispheric symptoms and are associated with more critical carotid stenosis. Preoperative antiplatelet therapy increases the incidence of repeated plaque hemorrhages; therefore, we question the validity of this therapy in certain patients with carotid disease.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Laboratory, Charleston Area Medical Center/ West Virginia University Health Sciences Center.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: AbuRahma
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Decanio
mesh_terms: D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004691:Endarterectomy; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011292:Premedication
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors