title: Management of major tracheal hemorrhage after repair of complex congenital heart defects.
abstract: Two patients with complex congenital heart defects (a 4-year-old with transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and a 3 1/2-year-old with double-outlet right ventricle, subpulmonary stenosis, and complete atrio-ventricular septal defect) suffered multiple major hemorrhages from the tracheobronchial tree (28 and 7 bleeding events, respectively). Successful management included tracheostomy, sedation and paralysis, systemic hypotension, and systemic hypothermia for a period of seven days. Both patients survived.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Sick Children, London, England.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Snir
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carotti
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stark
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000601:surgery; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007023:Hypotension, Controlled; D008297:Male; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000601:surgery; D013396:Suction; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014139:Tracheostomy; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000601:surgery; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000601:surgery