title: Effect of intrathecal tizanidine on antinociception and blood pressure in the rat.
abstract: Experiments were performed in rats to determine if the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist tizanidine has an antinociceptive effect when injected intrathecally, and whether the analgesia is accompanied by changes in blood pressure. Rats were chronically implanted with catheters in the lumbar subarachnoid space. Antinociception was evaluated in conscious rats with the tail-flick test. Increasing tizanidine doses produced increases in analgesic efficacy, with 25 micrograms producing a significant long-lasting antinociception. This tail-flick analgesia was very similar to that produced by clonidine (25 micrograms) and morphine (8 micrograms) in peak effect and duration. Doses as high as 250 micrograms produced only a transient hind limb motor dysfunction in 43% of the animals. Daily injections of 25 micrograms tizanidine over 5 days produced a decrease in antinociception, with the peak effect at day 5 at 59% of that at day 1. Blood pressure, in rats lightly anesthetized with halothane, was not affected by tizanidine injections up to 250 micrograms. Tizanidine appears to be a promising non-opiate analgesic for intrathecal usage.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anesthesiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612 U.S.A. Dept. of Neurosurgery, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612 U.S.A.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kroin
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Lubenow
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Penn
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ivankovich
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D015016:Yohimbine; C023754:tizanidine; D003000:Clonidine