title: Effect of zopiclone and midazolam on sleep and EEG spectra in a phase-advanced sleep schedule.
abstract: Midazolam (15 mg), a benzodiazepine (BDZ) hypnotic, and zopiclone (7.5 mg), a non-BDZ hypnotic, were administered to young, healthy subjects prior to bedtime. They went to bed at 2300 hours after taking placebo (PL-23), and then on three occasions at 1900 hour after taking placebo (PL-19) or one of the hypnotics. Advancing bedtime by 4 hour increased the combined value of waking, stage 1, and movement time. Compared to PL-19, both drugs reduced sleep latency and stage 3, and increased stage 2. Spectral analysis of the EEG in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep revealed a declining trend of power density in the low-frequency range in the course of the night. Activity in the 1 to 10 Hz range was markedly depressed by the two hypnotics, whereas activity in the spindle range (11 to 14 Hz) was augmented. The former changes persisted throughout the 12-hour recording period. The fact that both hypnotics bind to BDZ receptors could be responsible for the similar effects on the EEG spectra.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trachsel
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dijk
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klene
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Borbély
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010879:Piperazines; C515050:zopiclone; D008874:Midazolam