title: Effects of physostigmine on the cardiopulmonary system of conscious pigs.
abstract: Physostigmine, as a pretreatment candidate for nerve agent poisoning, was examined for cardiopulmonary side effects. Cardiovascular and pulmonary parameters were monitored in unanesthetized domestic pigs which received pulmonary arterial infusion of 5 micrograms/kg/min physostigmine salicylate for 2 hr. A level of 74% inhibition of red blood cell (RBC) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was attained in 45 min, and this level of carbamylation increased only slightly during the remaining infusion period. In addition to this large change in AChE activity, minor changes were observed in hematocrit, heart rate, body temperature, mean aortic pressure, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, and pulmonary artery pressure. Typically, these parameters showed a trend toward elevated levels. Blood gases, pH, respiratory rate, tidal and minute volume, cardiac output, nonelastic resistance, and dynamic compliance were not significantly different from baseline values. The unanesthetized pig responds to physostigmine in a manner similar to that reported for other species and appears to be a suitable model for evaluating cardiopulmonary effects of cholinesterase inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5424.
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Stemler
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Corcoran
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Parrish
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hurt
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Tezak-Reid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaminskis
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jaeger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000633:toxicity*; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D010830:Physostigmine; D002802:Cholinesterases