title: Release of formaldehyde and melamine from tableware made of melamine-formaldehyde resin.
abstract: The relationship between the concentrations of formaldehyde and melamine released into 4% acetic acid from dishes and bowls made of melamine-formaldehyde resin was determined. The average concentrations in the migration solution after the sample had been treated at 60, 80, and 95 degrees C for 30 min with 4% acetic acid were 0.0 +/- 0.1, 0.5 +/- 0.4 and 3.0 +/- 2.2 ppm, respectively for formaldehyde and 0.04 +/- 0.07, 0.21 +/- 0.20 and 1.19 +/- 1.18 ppm, respectively for melamine. The correlation between the concentrations of formaldehyde and melamine released at 95 degrees C was y=0.4858x-0.2728 (r=0.8860), where y is melamine concentration (ppm), x is formaldehyde concentration (ppm) and r is the correlation coefficient. The molar concentration ratios of formaldehyde to melamine (F/M ratio) were 15.4 +/- 11.6 at 80 degrees C and 14.9 +/- 10.1 at 95 degrees C. Hence the release of both migrants was affected by temperature but the F/M ratio was not affected. The release of both compounds was was increased on repetition of the migration test at 95 degrees C but their concentrations remained constant after the tenth and seventeenth repetitions of the treatment. During this period, the F/M ratio decreased according to the equation 1n y=-1.4344 1n x+3.7814 (r=-0.9984) for a sample before the tenth repetition of the treatment and remained between 1.7 and 1.9 after the twelfth repetition, where y is the F/M ratio and x is the number of repetitions of the treatment.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-chome, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiwata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshihira
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000032:analysis; D003297:Cooking and Eating Utensils; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000032:analysis*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000032:analysis*; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D014227:Triazines; D005557:Formaldehyde; C011907:melamine