title: Cervical epidural anaesthesia for carotid artery surgery.
abstract: A series of 394 patients (251 men, 143 women; mean age 70.0 +/- 8.4 yr) selected for carotid artery surgery (CAS) performed under cervical epidural anaesthesia (CEA) was analysed retrospectively. Carotid endarterectomy was performed in 326 patients and saphenous vein bypass in 68. The cervical epidural administration of 15 ml 0.5 per cent bupivacaine or 0.37-0.40 per cent bupivacaine plus fentanyl (50-100 micrograms) resulted in an effective sensory blockade from C2 to T4-T8. Patients were maintained awake during the surgical procedure in comfortable condition. Serious complications included dural puncture in two patients, epidural venipuncture in six patients and respiratory muscle paralysis in three patients. Hypotension (10.9 per cent) and bradycardia (2.8 per cent) were the most frequent side-effects of CEA. Transient neurological events were noticed in 84 patients during the surgical procedure. A definite neurological deficit occurred postoperatively in 12 patients. Three patients suffered postoperative myocardial infarction. The mortality rate was 2.3 per cent (nine patients). Carotid artery surgery may be performed under CEA but haemodynamic variables should be monitored closely and managed closely during the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Departement d'Anesthésie, Hopital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Derosier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pluskwa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abhay
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaillard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000601:surgery*; D004691:Endarterectomy; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine