title: Fluoride in workplace air and in urine of workers concentrating fluorspar.
abstract: The urinary fluoride concentrations of workers exposed to calcium fluoride (CaF2) during fluorspar processing were measured. Personal dust measurement showed that the mean occupational exposure to fluoride for 12 workers in the most dusty environment was 24.3 mg/m3, which is 9.7 times the threshold limit value (TLV) of 2.5 mg/m3. Exposure was below the TLV for the remaining 23 workers. Urinary fluoride concentrations were measured pre- and postshift. The heavily exposed workers had a mean preshift concentration of 3.3 mg/liter (range 1.4-8.5 mg/liter), only slightly higher than the mean of 2.8 mg/liter (range 1.3-4.2 mg/liter) in the workers with fluoride exposure below the TLV. Four of the preshift concentrations exceeded the recommended upper limit of 4 mg/liter. The mean postshift concentration for workers exposed above the TLV was 4.4 mg/liter (range 2.4-7.1 mg/liter) and the difference between pre- and postshift concentrations was significant (p less than 0.05). Only one urinary concentration exceeded the recommended upper limit of 7 mg/liter. There was poor correlation between intensity of environmental exposure to fluorspar and postshift fluoride concentration in the urine. Eighteen workers provided a urine sample 7-14 hr after the end of a shift. The mean fluoride concentration was 4.7 mg/liter (range 2.4-11.7 mg/liter), which exceeded their postshift concentration by 0.2 mg/liter. These results indicate that the low aqueous solubility of fluorspar reduced the biologic availability of the fluoride ion but that this did not prevent excessive fluoride absorption in some workers.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rama
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yousefi
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis* / Q000506:poisoning; D002124:Calcium Fluoride / Q000506:poisoning*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005458:Fluoride Poisoning / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008669:Metallurgy; D008906:Mining; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000652:urine*; D013019:South Africa
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D002124:Calcium Fluoride