title: Duration and selectivity of blood-brain barrier breakdown in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis studied by gadolinium-DTPA and protein markers.
abstract: Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) enhancement seen with magnetic resonance imaging in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CREAE) corresponded with sites of blood-brain barrier breakdown judged by traditional markers in areas of inflammatory demyelination. Duration of Gd-DTPA leakage for individual lesions in CREAE varied from 5 days to more than 5 wks. By contrast, in acute EAE leakage was of shorter duration (always less than 5 days). Selective enhancement was observed in CREAE lesions using Gd-protein markers. Gd-albumin enhancement was not always seen in areas of leakage of the smaller molecular weight compound Gd-DTPA. The addition of immunoglobulin to the gadolinium complex led to enhancement of lesions not seen with Gd-albumin alone. From the similarities between the histology and the patterns of Gd-enhancement in CREAE and multiple sclerosis, it is probable that Gd-enhancement reflects active inflammation (with or without demyelination) in the human disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, National Hospital, Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kesselring
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Tofts
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: du Boulay
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Landon
authors.forename: W I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: McDonald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003287:Contrast Media; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011506:Proteins; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA