title: Resurfacing difficult wounds: selective use of the posterior tibial flap.
abstract: The posterior tibial flap is a type C fasciocutaneous flap from the medial calf with the posterior tibial vascular bundle as its pedicle. Most of the skin perforators, 1 to 3 in number, can be found in the middle third of the leg, with an average diameter of 0.8 mm and an average length of 22 mm. The posterior tibial artery ranges between 1.5 and 2.0 mm in diameter, although it is absent in 8 percent of limbs. Since the saphenous nerve is taken with the flap, this is an innervated flap. The flap can be transferred as a free flap or a pedicled flap. The reversed-flow pedicled flap has an average pedicle length of 8 cm. The posterior tibial flap is a reliable, large, thin, innervated flap and can be raised with the patient supine. Case reports are presented of six patients who received a free flap transfer and of one patient who received a reversed-flow pedicled flap. There were two cases of heel ulcerations, two crushed hands, one chronic ulceration and osteomyelitis of the tibia, one burn contracture of the neck, and one salvage flap for diabetic gangrene of the hand.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Chinese University of Hong Kong.
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000379:methods*; D013977:Tibia; D014945:Wound Healing