title: Protein kinase A-dependent binding of a nuclear factor to the 21-base-pair repeat of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I long terminal repeat.
abstract: The long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) contains an imperfect repeat of 21 nucleotides which governs the response to the virus trans-activator protein tax and to cyclic AMP. In a murine thymocyte cell line defective in the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A, the response of the HTLV-I LTR to cyclic AMP is abolished and the response to tax is substantially diminished. This report shows that a factor present in nuclear extracts of wild-type cells binds to the HTLV-I 21-nucleotide sequence and that this binding activity is missing from the extracts of protein kinase A-defective cells. Treatment of nuclear extracts of protein kinase A-defective cells with the bovine protein kinase A catalytic subunit restores the binding activity, whereas treatment of wild-type nuclear extracts with a protein phosphatase destroys the binding activity. The binding factor is referred to as protein kinase A-dependent factor (PKAF). These results indicate that in murine thymocytes the response of the HTLV-I LTR to cyclic AMP depends upon the binding of a phosphorylated protein to the 21-nucleotide repeat sequence and that the response to tax is partially dependent upon binding of the phosphorylated protein. The results suggest a model in which the phosphorylation of a transcription factor by protein kinase A regulates HTLV-I gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Poteat
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kadison
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Sodroski
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Haseltine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005814:Genes, Viral; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D011485:Protein Binding; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D015534:Trans-Activators; D011494:Protein Kinases