title: Adverse effects of gentamicin in scarlet macaws and galahs.
abstract: The adverse effects of administration of gentamicin (5 mg/kg of body weight, IM, q 12 h) for 7 days were studied in healthy scarlet macaws (Ara macao) and galahs (Eolophus roseicapillus; cockatoos). Polydipsia and polyuria developed in each species, but were greater and persisted longer in the cockatoos. Peak water intake in the cockatoos more than quadrupled, and remained increased for 23 days after cessation of gentamicin administration. Plasma aspartate transaminase activity increased significantly (P less than 0.05) after treatment in the macaws, and plasma aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities increased in the cockatoos. Single IM administration of gentamicin (5 mg/kg) resulted in mean (+/- SEM) plasma concentration of 20.6 (+/- 1.85) micrograms/ml at 0.5 hour for either species of birds. There were no significant differences between mean plasma gentamicin concentrations for cockatoos and macaws at any time after drug administration, except at 12 hours, when values for cockatoos were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than those for macaws. The elimination half-life for gentamicin after IM administration of 5 and 10 mg/kg was 1.17 and 1.07 hours, respectively, for macaws and 1.23 and 1.44 hours, respectively, for cockatoos. Correlation between drug disposition and adverse side effects could not be detected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Flammer
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Drewes
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fiorello-Barrett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule / Q000662:veterinary; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006207:Half-Life; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D011141:Polyuria / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D011563:Psittaciformes; D013894:Thirst / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins