title: Effect of cigarette smoking on recurrence of Crohn's disease.
abstract: The effect of cigarette smoking on recurrence (defined in this study as the need for repeat surgery) in patients who had previously required surgery for Crohn's disease was assessed in a historical cohort of 174 patients. Mean follow-up was 10.8 yr. The 5- and 10-yr recurrence rates were 28% and 56%, respectively. Five- and 10-yr rates were significantly different for smokers (36%, 70%) and nonsmokers (20%, 41%). When patients were stratified by gender, the increased risk was more apparent in women (odds ratio 4.2, 95% confidence interval 2.0-4.2) than in men (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 0.8-6.0). Evidence for a dose-response relationship could be identified in women but not men. Cigarette smoking may not only be a risk factor for development of Crohn's disease but also may influence disease activity following surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramcharan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fick
mesh_terms: D000416:Alberta / Q000453:epidemiology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires