title: Gestalts are more closely associated with performance on a discrimination task than are component stimuli.
abstract: Distance, similarity, and other components of the physical stimulus but also gestalts are associated with the ability to discriminate between two objects. The present research bears on this confound. Identical lines were added to the opening and closing bracket of a pair of brackets to form two identical rectangles. A stimulus consisted of either one or two of these brackets, lines, or rectangles. Subjects indicated as quickly as possible whether one or two objects occurred. The discriminations between two near brackets and two near lines were more difficult than the discrimination between two near rectangles. A large distance between two objects improved the bracket and line discriminations more than the rectangle discrimination. Single brackets and lines did not result in poorer performance than did single rectangles. These results disconfirm the distance, similarity (including relational similarity), good continuation, location of geometric centers, size, closedness, symmetry, spatial frequency, redundancy, and number of lines component stimulus predictions at least twice. Both the two near brackets and the two near lines produce single gestalts, whereas each remaining 2-object stimulus results in two gestalts. Therefore, gestalts predicted performance better than did component stimuli. Another result was that the 2-object responses were faster than the 1-object responses for far objects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D004215:Distance Perception; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory; D010466:Perceptual Closure; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*