title: The influence of electromagnetic interference and ionizing radiation on cardiac pacemakers.
abstract: Adverse effects of the ionizing and non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on five pacemaker models have been tested. The study consisted of three parts: 1. measurement of magnetic fields in a radiotherapy room (microtron MM14), 2. the application of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on pacemakers in a test laboratory (1...1000 microT, 10...10000 Hz), and 3. the application of ionizing radiation of different types of radiotherapy devices on the pacemakers. The magnetic field strength in the microtron treatment room was found to be under 7.5 microT, which is one order of magnitude lower than the tolerance level obtained for the pacemakers in the test laboratory. All the tested pacemakers tolerated the ionizing radiation dose levels (less than 60 Gy) which are used in the radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Tampere University of Technology, Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Eskola
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pitkänen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Malmivuo
mesh_terms: D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects