title: Behavioral evidence implicating dopamine in sensorimotor arousal and norepinephrine in the sedative effects of antidepressant drugs.
abstract: The effects of acute and chronic antidepressant treatment on acoustic startle were evaluated in three experiments. Administration of 2.5-10.0 mg/kg desipramine, amitriptyline, and nortriptyline depressed acoustic startle responding after repeated sensory stimulation. In contrast to the tricyclic drugs, the serotonin reuptake inhibitor zimelidine increased acoustic startle, and inhibition of dopamine reuptake following acute nomifensine and bupropion administration did not influence startle reactivity in the doses examined. The response reducing effects of desipramine and amitriptyline persisted following chronic exposure to these drugs, and these findings were discussed in relation to the inhibitory actions of the tricyclics on locus coeruleus neurons. A second major finding in this study was that animals challenged with d-amphetamine during desipramine and amitriptyline withdrawal showed a facilitated startle response. Enhanced startle reactivity to amphetamine was also observed following long-term exposure to iprindole, and a withdrawal hyperactivity of acoustic startle was evident after chronic treatment with amoxapine, bupropion, and nomifensine. These results agree with evidence that repeated administration of antidepressants increases dopamine neurotransmission which modulates sensorimotor arousal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kokkinidis
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: McCarter
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000494:pharmacology; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D000639:Amitriptyline; D000661:Amphetamine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine