title: Methyl bromide intoxication in four field-workers during removal of soil fumigation sheets.
abstract: Methyl bromide is a highly toxic and penetrating compound used extensively as an insecticide for dry foodstuffs and as a soil fumigant (in greenhouses and fields) for the control of nematodes, fungi, and weeds. More than 300 cases of systemic poisoning and 60 fatalities attributable to methyl bromide have been reported [Alexeeff and Kilgore, 1983], resulting in substantial regulations concerning its handling, storage, application, and disposal. A recent exposure incident at a Connecticut nursery represents to our knowledge the first report of toxicity stemming from exposures in the field during removal of plastic sheets days after injection of methyl bromide into soil. Following removal of polyethylene sheets covering soil fumigated with methyl bromide, four field-workers developed fatigue and light-headedness and 3 workers noted progressive respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), and neurologic symptoms. The acute systemic symptoms improved over several days, but later-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms persisted for several weeks. This incident stresses the need for improved worker education and strict adherence to safety precautions during all stages of methyl bromide fumigation and raises the possibility of an increased risk of toxicity associated with methyl bromide fumigation during a cool season.
authors.affiliation: Occupational Medicine Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herzstein
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cullen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D003237:Connecticut; D005260:Female; D005651:Fumigation; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000506:poisoning*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D012987:Soil; C005218:methyl bromide