title: Effect of cigarette smoking and coffee consumption on apolipoprotein B levels.
abstract: Apolipoprotein B levels were studied in relation to cigarette smoking, coffee and alcohol consumption, physical activity, age and body mass index in 253 men aged 21-61 years. The mean apolipoprotein B level was 7.3 +/- 3.2 mg/dl and was higher for smokers compared with non-smokers. Considering the smokers of over 20 cigarettes/day and the non-smokers, this difference reached 12.6 +/- 4.3 mg/dl. A significant increase of 7.2 +/- 3.5 mg/dl in apolipoprotein B levels was observed in the subjects who drank over 3 cups of coffee/day compared with the remaining subjects, but the increase was only 4.3 +/- 3.7 mg/dl when we made a correction for cigarette consumption. Furthermore, for cigarette smoking and coffee consumption, there is apparently an interactive effect with BMI and/or age (vs apolipoprotein B levels). However, with a stepwise selection among explicative variables [age, BMI, smoking (yes/no) and coffee consumption (less than or equal to 3, greater than 3 cups/day)] and all their interactions of first order, only the interaction between BMI and smoking (BMI*smoking: b +/- ES (b) = 0.3029 +/- 0.0303), and age and BMI (age*BMI), are significantly and positively related to serum levels of apolipoprotein B. Thus cigarette smoking, interacting with high BMI, appear related to higher apolipoprotein B levels.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica Generale, Ospedale L. Sacco, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Periti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvaggio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Quaglia
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Marzio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D003069:Coffee; D000431:Ethanol