title: Torque production in the shoulder of the normal young adult male. The interaction of function, dominance, joint angle, and angular velocity.
abstract: Shoulder torque measurements were obtained from 36 normal young adult males during flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. Normative, angle-specific torque measurements were determined under isometric conditions and isokinetically at 48 deg/sec. The effects of dominance, angular velocity, and joint position were determined and a method provided for determining the expected maximal torque at a specific speed and position based upon torque measurements from the contralateral shoulder. This method can be used in cases of unilateral shoulder abnormalities to predict normative torque values for the affected side based on torque measurements from the unaffected shoulder.
authors.affiliation: Motion Analysis Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Otis
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Backus
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Santner
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mabrey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology