title: Mutagenicity of 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and its metabolites in short-term tests in vitro.
abstract: The mutagenicity of 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and its metabolites was investigated in the reverse mutation assay using S. typhimurium strains and the chromosomal aberration test in vitro using a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line, CHL. BHA, tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ), tert-butylquinone (BQ) and BHA dimer (diBHA) did not show any mutagenic potential with and without S9 mix in the reverse mutation assay. In addition to the above 4 chemicals, 3-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydroxyanisole (BHA-OH), 3-tert-butylanisole-4,5-quinone (BHA-o-Q), and tert-butylquinone oxide (BQO) were tested in the chromosomal aberration test. BHA, BHQ and BQ induced chromosomal aberrations only in the presence of S9 mix, while BHA-OH, BHA-o-Q and BQO induced chromosomal aberrations only without S9 mix. DiBHA, however, showed no clastogenic potential with and without S9 mix. The present findings suggest that BHA-OH, BHA-o-Q or BQO may contribute to the clastogenicity of BHA in the presence of S9 mix.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sofuni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishidate
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000633:toxicity*; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole / Q000633:toxicity*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D006224:Cricetinae; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000633:toxicity*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006873:Hydroquinones; D009153:Mutagens; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole; C051362:3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole; C018855:2-tert-butylhydroquinone