title: The lungs and airways in achondroplasia. Do little people have little lungs?
abstract: Achondroplasia is a unique model of the effects of skeletal dysplasia and dwarfism on the respiratory system. We measured chest dimensions, spirometry, lung volumes, maximal expiratory flow volume curves, nasal and airways resistance, closing volume, maximal inspiratory/expiratory pressures, and tracheal area by acoustic reflection in 12 healthy subjects with achondroplasia. Anterior-posterior thoracic diameter was mildly reduced in men. Vital capacity for all subjects was 108 percent +/- 18.6 percent (SD) of that predicted for achondroplastic subjects, but was reduced when compared with values for people of average stature that were predicted, based on either sitting height or thoracic height. The reduction was relatively greater in male than in female subjects. The RV/TLC and FRC/TLC ratios were normal. Other measurements were similar to those in average-statured adults. We conclude that achondroplasia results in a reduction in vital capacity out of proportion to what would be expected if these subjects had normal limb size. Although the lungs may be small, they are functionally normal, as are the airways.
authors.affiliation: Cardiopulmonary-Critical Care Division, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis 38105.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Stokes
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wohl
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pyeritz
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Fairclough
mesh_terms: D000130:Achondroplasia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013147:Spirometry; D013909:Thorax / Q000473:pathology; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology