title: Association of congenital vertebral malformations with bladder and cloacal exstrophy.
abstract: The radiographs of 28 patients with bladder exstrophy and five with cloacal exstrophy were reviewed at an average age of 8 years 3 months to assess congenital vertebral malformations. Fourteen malformations in 11 patients were noted, including abnormal lumbosacral segmentation in five, congenital scoliosis and kyphosis in four, partial sacral agenesis in three, and interpedicular lumbar widenings in two. These findings are explained by an abnormal embryologic development of the spine and cloaca between 4 and 6 weeks of intrauterine life. We recommend entire spinal radiographs in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Loder
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Dayioglu
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002988:Cloaca / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012447:Sacrum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging