title: Five-year reproducibility of natural head posture: a longitudinal study.
abstract: Natural head posture (NHP) is being increasingly used as the logical reference position for the evaluation of craniofacial morphology. The basic premise underlying its use is that the long-term clinical reproducibility (variability) of NHP is significantly less than the variability of conventional intracranial reference planes with respect to the vertical. This study reports the results of a 5-year longitudinal study evaluating the reproducibility over time of NHP lateral cephalometric radiographs. The subjects were 126 randomly selected Chinese children in Hong Kong who were first assessed at the age of 12 years. Thirty subjects were recorded after 5 years. NHP reproducibility deteriorated over time but showed signs of stabilizing after 1 to 1 1/2 years. The method error was 1.93 degrees after 1 to 2 hours, 2.34 degrees after 3 to 6 months, and 3.04 degrees after 5 years. The individual variability of NHP reproducibility also increased over time. The standard deviation of the SN/vertical angulation was 2.61 degrees after 1 to 2 hours, 3.16 degrees after 3 to 6 months, and 4.20 degrees after 5 years. Further longitudinal data are required to determine whether NHP reproducibility continues to deteriorate after 5 years. After 5 years, however, the variance of NHP (9.24 degrees [= 3.04(2)]) remains significantly less than the variance of intracranial reference planes to the vertical (25 degrees to 36 degrees).
authors.affiliation: Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, University of Hong Kong.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cooke
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors