title: Antimicrobial drug resistance and resistance factor transfer among clinical isolates of salmonellae in Iran.
abstract: 508 salmonella strains isolated during 1983-1986 in Tehran, Iran from cases of diarrhoea in children less than 5 were tested for sensitivity to 10 antimicrobial drugs and their ability to transfer the resistance determinants. Salmonella typhimurium and S. havana were most common (45.7% and 30.9%, respectively) followed by S. typhi (2.9%) and S. larochelle (2.4%). The antimicrobial agents used were chloramphenicol (C), gentamicin (G), tetracycline (T), ampicillin (A), cephalothin (Cf), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), kanamycin (K), nalidixic acid (Na), streptomycin (S), and furoxone (F). 91% of the salmonellae isolates contained resistance determinants, of which 89.6% were resistant to more than one agent. Strains resistant to 4-7 drugs comprised 85.6% of the total isolates. Ampicillin resistance was found in 85.4% and nalidixic acid in 2.7%. 58 different patterns of resistance to the antimicrobial agents used were observed, of which C/T/A/SXT/K/S and C/T/A/SXT/K/S/Cf were the most frequently encountered. 71.9% of the resistant strains contained transferable resistance factors and S. typhimurium had the highest rate of transfer (80.8%). Resistance to chloramphenicol had the highest rate of transfer among the agents used (77.4%) and streptomycin the lowest (20.0%). The pattern most frequently transferred was C/T/A/SXT/K (41.9%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Farhoudi-Moghaddam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katouli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bahavar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parsi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malekzadeh
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D005144:F Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007492:Iran; D011815:R Factors; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents