title: An empirical study of object relations and defensive operations in antisocial personality disorder.
abstract: This study assessed the object relations, defensive operations, and level of psychopathy and narcissism in a group of antisocial personality disordered offenders. The Rorschach protocols of 33 subjects who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev. [DSM-III-R], American Psychiatric Association, 1987) criteria for antisocial personality disorder were analyzed utilizing Kwawer's (1980) criteria for borderline object relations categories (borderline phenomena), the Lerner and Lerner (1980) Defense Scale, and a number of experimental criteria including Cooper and Arnow's (1986) defense criteria. Level of narcissism was assessed utilizing Exner's (1973) Self-Focus Sentence Completion Test. Hare's Psychopathy Checklist was used as an independent variable to determine a subject's level of psychopathy. Those subjects scoring 30 or more on the psychopathy checklist were compared to subjects scoring less than 30. The level of narcissism or proportion of defenses did not differ significantly between the severe psychopaths (greater than or equal to 30) and the moderate psychopaths (less than 30). The severe psychopaths produced a significantly greater number of borderline object relations. I conclude that antisocial individuals tend to be highly egocentric, and that narcissism is one component of psychopathy. Severe psychopaths, as a group, tend to be more borderline in their functioning than those exhibiting moderate levels of psychopathic disturbance. I also conclude that individuals who are incarcerated for felony offenses and also meet the DSM-III-R criteria for antisocial personality disorder exhibit degrees of borderline personality organization.
authors.affiliation: Atascadero State Hospital.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Gacono
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003858:Dependency, Psychological; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006380:Helplessness, Learned; D006801:Humans; D008950:MMPI; D008297:Male; D010553:Personality Development; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011574:Psychoanalytic Theory; D011594:Psychometrics; D012649:Self Concept