title: Effect of habitual knuckle cracking on hand function.
abstract: The relation of habitual knuckle cracking to osteoarthrosis with functional impairment of the hand has long been considered an old wives' tale without experimental support. The mechanical sequelae of knuckle cracking have been shown to produce the rapid release of energy in the form of sudden vibratory energy, much like the forces responsible for the destruction of hydraulic blades and ship propellers. To investigate the relation of habitual knuckle cracking to hand function 300 consecutive patients aged 45 years or above and without evidence of neuromuscular, inflammatory, or malignant disease were evaluated for the presence of habitual knuckle cracking and hand arthritis/dysfunction. The age and sex distribution of the patients (74 habitual knuckle crackers, 226 non-knuckle crackers) was similar. There was no increased preponderance of arthritis of the hand in either group; however, habitual knuckle crackers were more likely to have hand swelling and lower grip strength. Habitual knuckle cracking was associated with manual labour, biting of the nails, smoking, and drinking alcohol. It is concluded that habitual knuckle cracking results in functional hand impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Carmel Mercy Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48235.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Axelrod
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors