Phonophoresis: an in vivo evaluation using three topical anaesthetic preparations.
An electrical sensory perception threshold technique has been developed for use with human volunteers. This technique has been used to reproducibly quantify the effects of three different commercially available topical anaesthetic preparations on superficial sensory cells (nociceptors) in the skin. Low intensities (0.25 W cm-2 SATA) of 1.1 MHz ultrasound had no detectable effects upon the rate of penetration of either one of the three anaesthetic preparations through human skin under conditions where temperature increases had been minimized.
Williams
A R
AR
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Manchester Medical School, UK.
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001566:Benzocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003992:Dibucaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004553:Electric Conductivity / Q000187:drug effects; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D008297:Male; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015612:Phonophoresis / Q000379:methods; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D011318:Prilocaine; D008012:Lidocaine; D003992:Dibucaine; D001566:Benzocaine