title: Mechanism of transport and distribution of organic solvents in blood.
abstract: Little is known about the mechanism of transport and distribution of volatile organic compounds in blood. Studies were conducted on five typical organic solvents to investigate how these compounds are transported and distributed in blood. Groups of four to five rats were exposed for 2 hr to 500 ppm of n-hexane, toluene, chloroform, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), or diethyl ether vapor; 94, 66, 90, 51, or 49%, respectively, of these solvents in the blood were found in the red blood cells (RBCs). Very similar results were obtained in vitro when aqueous solutions of these solvents were added to rat blood. In vitro studies were also conducted on human blood with these solvents; 66, 43, 65, 49, or 46%, respectively, of the added solvent was taken up by the RBCs. These results indicate that RBCs from humans and rats exhibited substantial differences in affinity for the three more hydrophobic solvents studied. When solutions of these solvents were added to human plasma and RBC samples, large fractions (51-96%) of the solvents were recovered from ammonium sulfate-precipitated plasma proteins and hemoglobin. Smaller fractions were recovered from plasma water and red cell water. Less than 10% of each of the added solvents in RBC samples was found in the red cell membrane ghosts. These results indicate that RBCs play an important role in the uptake and transport of these solvents. Proteins, chiefly hemoglobin, are the major carriers of these compounds in blood. It can be inferred from the results of the present study that volatile lipophilic organic solvents are probably taken up by the hydrophobic sites of blood proteins.
authors.affiliation: NASA Biomedical Operations and Research Branch, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Galen
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Pierson
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D004986:Ether / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006586:Hexanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008742:Methyl n-Butyl Ketone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010949:Plasma / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012997:Solvents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014050:Toluene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D006586:Hexanes; D012997:Solvents; D004986:Ether; C026385:n-hexane; D014050:Toluene; D008742:Methyl n-Butyl Ketone; C005458:methyl isobutyl ketone