title: Nitrate, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds in Finnish foods and the estimation of the dietary intakes.
abstract: An estimate of the dietary intakes of nitrite, nitrate and N-nitroso compounds is presented, based on the analytical data supplied by the Finnish Food Quality Control. Figures on the food consumption of the Finnish population, taken from a national dietary survey, and food consumption of 1768 children and adolescents over a 48-h recall period were used. The mean daily dietary nitrate intakes were estimated to be about 55 mg for the total population and for children and adolescents. The mean nitrite intakes were 1.88 mg for the total population and 1.07 mg for children and adolescents. The intake of N-nitroso compounds (NDMA) was estimated to be 0.08 micrograms for the total population and 0.02 micrograms for children. Nitrates were found to originate mainly from vegetables (80%), nitrites from meat products (97%) and nitrosamines mostly from fish products and beer. A comparison of the estimate of dietary intake of with ADI values indicated that the nitrite intake of the total population was 23% and by children 39% of ADI. The average weight was approximately 60 kg for adults and 20 kg for children. When measured average weight (39 kg) was used, and the nitrite intake was found to be 28% of ADI. Nitrate intakes from food additives were 2.5% and 1.4% of the ADI value, respectively. When the total nitrate intake from various food sources was compared with the ADI (which is given only for food additives), the estimated nitrate intake of the total population was 25% and that of children 28% of the ADI value.
authors.affiliation: National Board of Trade and Consumer Affairs, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Penttilä
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Räsänen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimppa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001515:Beer; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004435:Eating; D005387:Finland; D005396:Fish Products; D005503:Food Additives / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008461:Meat Products; D009566:Nitrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009603:Nitroso Compounds