title: Chest wall motion of infants during spinal anesthesia.
abstract: To test the extent to which diaphragmatic contraction moves the rib cage in awake supine infants during quiet breathing, we studied chest wall motion in seven prematurely born infants before and during spinal anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair. Infants were studied at or around term (postconceptional age 43 +/- 8 wk). Spinal anesthesia produced a sensory block at the T2-T4 level, with concomitant motor block at a slightly lower level. This resulted in the loss of most intercostal muscle activity, whereas diaphragmatic function was preserved. Rib cage and abdominal displacements were measured with respiratory inductance plethysmography before and during spinal anesthesia. During the anesthetic, outward inspiratory rib cage motion decreased in six infants (P less than 0.02, paired t test); four of these developed paradoxical inward movement of the rib cage during inspiration. One infant, the most immature in the group, had inward movement of the rib cage both before and during the anesthetic. Abdominal displacements increased during spinal anesthesia in six of seven infants (P less than 0.05), suggesting an increase in diaphragmatic motion. We conclude that, in the group of infants studied, outward rib cage movement during awake tidal breathing requires active, coordinated intercostal muscle activity that is suppressed by spinal anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pascucci
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hershenson
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Sethna
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Loring
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Stark
mesh_terms: D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009068:Movement; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D010992:Plethysmography, Impedance; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D012272:Ribs; D013909:Thorax / Q000502:physiology*