title: Hemodynamic and arrhythmogenic effects of aversive stress during myocardial ischemia.
abstract: Pavlovian conditioning was accomplished in two groups of dogs by following a 30-s tone (the CS+) with a short (less than or equal to 1 s) electric shock). An inflatable occluder was implanted around the left circumflex coronary artery in all animals. The CS+ was presented to Group I dogs (n = 6) during control (i.e., no coronary occlusion) and at 30 s and 3 min after the onset of a 4-min left circumflex coronary occlusion. The CS+ evoked a robust increase in heart rate and blood pressure in the control state. A conditional cardiovascular response was still evoked during the acute coronary occlusion despite the evolving myocardial ischemia. No increase in ventricular ectopic beats occurred during the CS+. An anterior myocardial infarction (16.8 +/- 1.7% of left ventricular mass, mean +/- SEM) was created in Group II dogs (n = 8) at the time of surgery. A CS+ was presented, as above, both alone and 1 min after the beginning of a 2-min left circumflex coronary occlusion. There were significant differences in the conditional response in heart rate, left ventricular (systolic) pressure (LVP) and d(LVP)/dt for trials given during the coronary occlusion compared with no occlusion. These dogs were then classified as 'resistant' or 'susceptible' to ventricular arrhythmias approx. 4 weeks later using an exercise and coronary occlusion test. Three of five susceptible dogs, but none of three resistant dogs, evidenced increased severity of arrhythmias during the CS+. We conclude that the nature of the cardiovascular response to behavioral stress during myocardial ischemia depends in part upon the timing of the CS+, the presence or absence of a resident myocardial infarction and the status of the autonomic reflexes controlling the heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Ohio State University, Columbus.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Billman
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Zolman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003214:Conditioning, Classical; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*