Senescence of visual function as studied by visually evoked cortical potentials.
Visual functions in senescence were assessed quantitatively by the pattern reversal visually evoked cortical potentials (VECP) in human subjects and animals. The results obtained in the elderly showed an elevation of contrast threshold, ie, lowered sensitivity, for higher spatial frequency, and a rise in the luminance thresholds. There was also an overall suppression in the temporal frequency curves, a sensitivity decrease for the upper half of the visual field, a blue-yellow defect and a decrease in the amplitude of accommodation. Studies of the pseudophakic eye with an intraocular lens verified that the lower transparency and yellowish changes of the crystalline lens and senile miosis do not entirely account for the depressed visual function in the elderly. The delay of P100 peak latency of the VECP in patients with juvenile Parkinson's disease after cessation of L-dopa indicated the deficiency of dopamine in these patients, which in turn was considered as a clinical model of senescence. Optic nerve fiber counts in mice showed a significant decrease in the aged group. It was considered that there is neuronal senescence other than in the eye itself. The results can be illustrated by the following daily life experience. In the evening, an elderly person would have difficulty in identifying a cat as a calico cat if the cat were atop a wall and running quickly through the visual field. It was surprising, however, that the senescence found in the visual function was not as great as that found in the other sensory organs. As further studies, investigation of the feedback mechanism from the brain to the retina and the compensatory mechanism should be made.
Adachi-Usami
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Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan.
D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008875:Middle Aged; D009412:Nerve Fibers; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000166:cytology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D011680:Pupil; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields