title: Results of management of facial palsy with microvascular free-muscle transfer.
abstract: This paper reports our experience in facial reanimation using free innervated muscle transfer in 69 patients with long-term facial palsy. The majority of patients were treated in two stages with cross-facial nerve graft as the first stage and microvascular muscle transfer at the second stage. The gracilis muscle was used in 62 patients. A system of grading results has been utilized in the long-term evaluation. The overall final result was excellent or good in 51 percent of 47 patients who were available for follow-up. Although the results are not completely satisfactory, they justify the use of this approach to a difficult clinical problem. The results are improving as technical modifications to the procedure have evolved. The gracilis muscle is a reliable free transfer with internal anatomy conductive to use for reanimation of the paralyzed face. This type of transfer, in our experience, has proved superior to nonmicrosurgical methods for treatment of complete and severe incomplete facial palsy. The seventh cranial nerve is used in the innervation of the transferred muscle, the ipsilateral being preferable if available. The authors believe that use of the same cranial nerve is superior to methods that involve other cranial nerves, where spontaneity is often not achieved.
authors.affiliation: Microsurgery Research Centre and Plastic Surgery Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Pederson
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Khazanchi
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005149:Facial Expression; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000601:surgery*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D009132:Muscles / Q000637:transplantation*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D013497:Sural Nerve / Q000637:transplantation