title: Increased endothelial albumin permeability mediated by protein kinase C activation.
abstract: We examined the effects of activation of endothelial protein kinase C (PKC) of the endothelial barrier function. Exposure of confluent bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell monolayers to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) resulted in concentration-dependent (10(-8)-10(-6) M) increases in PKC activity and in the transendothelial flux of 125I-albumin. Exposure of the endothelium to 1-oleoyl 2-acetyl glycerol (OAG) also increased the transendothelial flux of 125I-albumin in a concentration-dependent manner. Neither 4 alpha-phorbol didecanoate nor 1-mono-oleoyl glycerol, which do not activate PKC, altered permeability. The increase in 125I-albumin permeability induced by PMA was inhibited by 25 microM H7 (a PKC inhibitor), but not by the control compound HA1004 (25 microM). After 16 h of exposure to PMA, 125I-albumin permeability returned to baseline and a significant reduction in cytosolic PKC activity was noted. Further challenge with PMA at this time resulted in no significant increase in PKC activity indicating downregulation of the enzyme; moreover, this PMA challenge did not increase endothelial permeability. Exposure of endothelial monolayers to phospholipase C (PLC), which increases membrane phosphatidylinositide turnover, or to alpha-thrombin also induced concentration-dependent activation of PKC and increases in 125I-albumin endothelial permeability. The thrombin- and PLC-induced permeability increases were inhibited by H7, but not by HA1004. The activation of endothelial PKC directly by PMA or OAG and by PLC and alpha-thrombin increases the transendothelial albumin permeability, indicating that PKC activation is an important signal transduction pathway by which extracellular mediators increase endothelial macromolecular transport.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College of Union University, New York 12208.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Blumenstock
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Brockenauer
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010539:Permeability; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D013917:Thrombin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate