title: Effect of halothane, isoflurane, and pentobarbital anesthesia on myocardial irritability in chickens.
abstract: The relative myocardial irritant properties of halothane, isoflurane, and pentobarbital were evaluated in chickens. Sixteen adult male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: group-1 chickens were anesthetized with pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, IV), group-2 chickens were anesthetized with halothane (end tidal halothane 1.2%), and group-3 chickens were anesthetized with isoflurane (end tidal isoflurane 2.1%). Birds in any 2 of the 3 treatment groups were tested on any 1 day. Local anesthesia was induced, and blood pressure, heart rate, ECG, and blood gas variables were measured before general anesthesia was induced. Positive-pressure ventilation with an inspired O2 fraction greater than 0.95 was adjusted to result in an end tidal CO2 concentration that reflected a Paco2 similar to that obtained prior to anesthesia and ventilation. All measurements were repeated. The threshold for ventricular fibrillation in response to electrical stimulation of the heart was then determined for all birds. Effects of anesthesia on hemodynamic and blood gas variables were similar in all 3 groups. Compared with halothane or pentobarbital, isoflurane anesthesia resulted in a significantly (P less than 0.05) lower threshold for electrical fibrillation of the heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Greenlees
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Clutton
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eyre
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D007530:Isoflurane; D010424:Pentobarbital; D006221:Halothane