title: Chemical degeneration of intestinal nerves.
abstract: In 15 dogs, cobalt chloride solutions were infused close intra-arterially to perfuse a short segment of the jejunum. In an additional four dogs, the jejunum was perfused with the aqueous vehicle (perfusion control). All animals were killed after 1 mo and tissue samples from cobalt-treated and from nonperfused intestine (tissue comparison control) were obtained for electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies. Segments infused with 0.25 g/dl cobalt solution showed minimal changes; the most striking feature was an increase of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- and substance P-containing neurosecretory granules. Cobalt chloride at higher concentrations (0.75-1.5 g/dl) induced degeneration of ganglion cells and axons in both the myenteric and submucosal plexi. In contrast, the smooth muscle and the mucosal cells of the cobalt-perfused intestine showed no histological abnormalities. Immunohistochemical staining of tissues treated with 0.75-1.5 g/dl cobalt solutions revealed absence of substance P, Met-enkephalin, and VIP immunoreactivity in all section studied; control segments showed the presence of all three peptides. Cobalt chloride in concentrations of 0.75-1.5 g/dl causes degeneration of intestinal intramural nerves and provides an experimental model suitable for studying the role of these nerves in small intestinal function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Frantzides
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Garancis
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Doumas
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Condon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003035:Cobalt / Q000633:toxicity*; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004285:Dogs; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009197:Myenteric Plexus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009410:Nerve Degeneration; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D003035:Cobalt; C018021:cobaltous chloride