title: An epidemiological study of disability in 4-year-old children from a birth cohort in Frederiksborg County, Denmark.
abstract: In an epidemiological study of a county cohort of 4,138 liveborn children, surveyed at age four, 45 had disability (1.1%). The following period prevalences from birth to age four in per mille were found: motor handicap 5.1, to include cerebral palsy 4.1, myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus 0.5, and metabolic disorders 0.5; severe mental retardation 2.9, mild 1.4, subnormality 2.7; epilepsy 4.6; severe visual defect 1.4; severe auditory defect 0.7. Perinatal damage alone was likely in only three children out of 45. Two thirds had a prenatal cause or a combination of prenatal and perinatal causes. Birth asphyxia seemed to be a rare cause of motor disability and mental retardation. Prematurity per se gave a risk of spastic diplegia, but not of mental retardation. Among the mentally retarded, half were light for gestational age, and in more than half, the damage occurred prenatally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Frederiksborg County Hospital, Hillerød.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Fledelius
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Føns
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haugsted
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003718:Denmark; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology