title: Black grandmothers in multigenerational households: diversity in family structure and parenting involvement in the Woodlawn community.
abstract: We report here the frequency of black grandmothers' coresidence in households with first-grade children, their patterns of involvement in parenting, and the degree to which family structure and employment affected the grandmothers' parenting involvement in a 1966/1967 community-defined population. Coresidence between grandmothers and their target first-grade grandchildren was found in 10% of the households. The 130 grandmothers' parenting involvement was substantial, second only to mother involvement, and was characterized by 2 parenting activity patterns: control and punishment, and support and punishment. The degree of grandmothers' parenting involvement differed by family structure, with grandmothers in mother-absent homes most likely to be involved. Grandmothers' employment did not moderate their engagement in parenting behaviors. These findings are consistent with previous reports of significant parenting involvement by black extended family members.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ensminger
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kellam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged / Q000523:psychology*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002668:Child Rearing; D004651:Employment; D005190:Family; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011203:Poverty; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support