title: Production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 by alveolar macrophages from HIV-1-infected persons.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are potent immunomodulatory cytokines which are produced principally by cells of the macrophage-monocyte lineage. We conducted an investigation to assess the secretion of these cytokines by bronchoalveolar macrophages from patients with progressive stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. The mean level of TNF-alpha produced by macrophages from 9 patients with AIDS was significantly reduced compared with the responses of macrophages from 6 healthy HIV-1-seronegative persons, 6 patients with either asymptomatic HIV-1 infection or persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, and 6 patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC). The four study groups did not differ in their mean IL-1 beta responses. However, within the HIV-1-infected patient population, macrophages from 4 patients, 3 of whom had AIDS and 1 with ARC, failed to secrete detectable levels of IL-1 beta. All 4 patients were also nonresponsive in assays for TNF-alpha. These data establish that advanced HIV-1 infection may result in a pronounced dysfunction in the cytokine responses of alveolar macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research Immunology, San Antonio State Chest Hospital, TX 78223.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Anders
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cappelli
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Blanton
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Seaworth
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Treasure
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha