title: Influences of maternal smoking and fetal sex on maternal serum oestriol, prolactin, hCG, and hPI levels.
abstract: A total of 222 pregnant women had repeated hormone assays between 20 weeks and delivery; 86 of the women were smokers. The maternal hormone balance appeared to be affected by smoking. Smoking affected maternal serum levels of hPL and hCG in pregnancies with a female fetus whereas maternal serum concentrations of oestriol and prolactin were affected in pregnancies with a male fetus. Significantly higher hCG levels were found in mothers who smoked and had a girl than in those who smoked and had a boy. On the basis of our results we feel that smoking mainly affects the placenta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bremme
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lagerström
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eneroth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010920:Placenta / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010928:Placental Lactogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000378:metabolism; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000378:metabolism; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin; D010928:Placental Lactogen