title: Deformities of the smaller toes and surgical treatment.
abstract: According to the anatomical changes, deformities of the smaller toes often are referred to as hammer toe, club toe, and claw toe. In this article a new deformity, which often appears as inflammatory arthritis, is described. In this toe deformation, which the author calls zig-zag deformity, there are contractures at the metatarsophalangeal joints, and at the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints. Between January 1983 and June 1985, 70 patients with small-toe deformities were treated surgically: 64 by partial phalangeal resection and 6 by tendon transfer with the Girdlestone technique. The results are presented in this article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Turan
mesh_terms: D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005531:Foot Deformities, Acquired / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D012086:Reoperation; D012775:Shoes / Q000009:adverse effects; D013709:Tendon Transfer; D014034:Toes / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*