title: Selective approach to sternal closure after exploration for hemorrhage following coronary artery bypass.
abstract: Thirty-six (4.6%) patients required exploration for hemorrhage after 788 coronary artery bypass grafting procedures. Twenty-three (64%) patients with a specific site of bleeding that was surgically controlled or with improving coagulopathy were managed by immediate sternal closure. Continued hemorrhage or tamponade necessitated reexploration in 5 of these patients. All 5 patients were then treated by open sternotomy and delayed sternal closure. There were no deaths or sternal wound infections in this subgroup. Thirteen (36%) patients explored for hemorrhage were initially treated by open sternotomy and delayed sternal closure because of ongoing coagulopathy with refractory bleeding. Twelve patients recovered without further complication. One patient died 30 days after delayed sternal closure. There were no sternal wound infections. This experience supports a selective approach to sternal closure after exploration for hemorrhage following coronary artery bypass grafting. Immediate closure is recommended if a specific site of bleeding can be located and corrected. However, in the presence of refractory hemorrhage due to coagulopathy, delayed sternal closure should be considered to avoid the subsequent morbidity of continued bleeding, including cardiac tamponade, multiple reexplorations with sternal trauma, and retained mediastinal hematoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gundersen/Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Gundersen
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Stickney
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Cogbill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D013249:Sternum / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors