title: Microbial biotransformation of retinoic acid by Cunninghamella echinulata and Cunninghamella blakesleeana.
abstract: Vitamin A (retinol) is needed by higher animals for the maintenance of normal epithelium and growth, and retinoic acid (I) has been proposed to be the active metabolite. Microbial models are useful for the study of mammalian metabolism of xenobiotics. Two species of the fungal genus Cunninghamella afforded products of greater polarity than 1 when fed 1 in a two-stage fermentation procedure. The products obtained were principally the result of oxidation of the trimethylcyclohexenyl ring. Although most of the isolated metabolites of 1 have been previously seen in mammalian studies, two novel compounds, 2-hydroxyretinoic acid (2) and 2,3-dehydro-4-oxoretinoic acid (4), were isolated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Basil
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Curley
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D005285:Fermentation; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009090:Mucorales / Q000378:metabolism*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014212:Tretinoin