title: Production and egg-quality responses of White Leghorn layers to anticoccidial agents.
abstract: Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of anticoccidial agents on the production and reproduction of White Leghorns. In Experiment 1, nicarbazin (NCZ) was fed at 0, 20, 50, and 100 ppm. Hen-day egg production, egg weight, the egg-yolk DNC (4-4'-dinitrocarbanilide) level, and egg-yolk mottling were affected by the treatments. When response was evidenced, the relationship between those variables and the level of NCZ was basically linear. Decreased egg production occurred from Days 5 and 6 of the treatment through Days 1 and 2 of withdrawal. On Days 9 and 10 of treatment, the control hens peaked at 92% hen-day production, while hens fed 20, 50, and 100 ppm of NCZ peaked late--at 90, 82, and 80%, respectively. Compared to the controls, egg weight was reduced linearly as the level of dietary NCZ increased. The egg-yolk DNC level increased from Days 3 and 4 of treatment through Days 9 and 10 of withdrawal. Egg yolk mottling generally increased along with the level and duration of feeding NCZ. If the NCZ was mistakenly fed to White Leghorn layers, ill effects would be alleviated within 10 days after drug withdrawal. In Experiment 2, halofuginone (3 ppm), maduramicin (5 ppm), monensin (100 ppm), narasin (70 ppm), nicarbazin (125 ppm), robenidine (33 ppm), and salinomycin (60 ppm) were fed to White Leghorn hens at the levels specified in parentheses. Nicarbazin reduced egg production, depressed egg weight, reduced shell thickness, and caused egg-yolk mottling; but internal egg quality, as measured by Haugh Units, was unaffected. Halofuginone, maduramicin, monensin, narasin, robenidine, and salinomycin did not have a meaningful effect on the variables measured when fed to White Leghorn layers.
authors.affiliation: Poultry Science Department, Clemson University, South Carolina 29634-0379.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Solis
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Castaldo
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Toler
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002224:Carbanilides / Q000032:analysis; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000032:analysis; D004531:Eggs / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D009528:Nicarbazin / Q000009:adverse effects; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002224:Carbanilides; D003049:Coccidiostats; D009528:Nicarbazin; C039493:4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide