title: Rare craniofacial clefts: Tessier no. 4 clefts.
abstract: A major difficulty in understanding rare craniofacial clefts arises from the fact that previous reports have focused on a single case or have grouped together different types of rare clefts. Less than 50 Tessier no. 4 clefts have been reported. This paper examines our experience with eight patients treated primarily or secondarily for Tessier no. 4 clefts. A treatment plan is recommended. The primary early concern is protection of the eye. Early correction of soft-tissue deformities should include skin, muscle, and lining of the orbit, cheek, and oral cavity. Contrary to the dictum that all soft tissue must be preserved, the medial portion of the upper lip from the cleft to the philtral ridge must be resected to prevent poorly camouflaged scars, muscle deficiency, and macrostomia. Bone grafting should be undertaken at an early age using calvarial bone. Late operations will be necessary for correction of medial and lateral canthal position, epiphora, lower eyelid skin deficiency, and further bony augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
mesh_terms: D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods*