title: Force and velocity of sarcomere shortening in trabeculae from rat heart. Effects of temperature.
abstract: The effect of temperature on the force-sarcomere velocity relation (20 degrees, 25 degrees, and 30 degrees C) and maximum velocity of sarcomere shortening (Vo; range 15 degrees-35 degrees C) was studied in trabeculae from rat heart. Sarcomere length and Vo were measured by laser diffraction techniques. Sarcomere length and sarcomere velocity, determined from each of the first-order diffraction lines, differed by less than 4%. Slack sarcomere length in the trabeculae appeared to be 1.9 microns. Isovelocity release techniques were used to obtain sarcomere velocity and Vo directly. Sarcomere velocity was measured at SL = 1.9-2.0 microns for elimination of contributions of parallel elastic force and restoring force to the external load of the sarcomeres. Peak twitch force development (Fo) was maximal (Fo-max) at 25 degrees C at [Ca2+]o = 1.5 mM. Lowering of the temperature below 25 degrees C led to development of spontaneous sarcomere activity and depression of Fo; both responses could be prevented by the addition of 0.5 mM procaine. Increase of temperature above 25 degrees C reduced twitch duration and Fo. Hill's rectangular hyperbola fitted the force-velocity data if the load during shortening was less than 70% of Fo. Vo appeared to be independent of the level of activation at all temperatures when Fo was maintained above 90% of Fo-max, either by an increase of [Ca2+]o (to 3.0 mM) or by paired pulse stimulation. Vo increased with increasing temperature; the parameter a, calculated from force-velocity relations measured at 20 degrees, 25 degrees, and 30 degrees C, decreased with increasing temperature. The Arrhenius plot of Vo was studied in detail over a wider temperature range (15 degrees-35 degrees C) and in smaller temperature increments. The relation was linear between 18 degrees and 33 degrees C; the observed Q10, defined as the ratio of Vo measured at temperature (T) over Vo at T-10 degrees C, was 4.6 A Q10 of 4.6 for Vo is consistent with the reported temperature dependence of rat cardiac actin-activated myosin ATPase, which suggests that the same reaction step may limit the activity of the enzyme in vitro and during shortening of the cardiac sarcomeres at zero external load.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Medical Physiology, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: de Tombe
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: ter Keurs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009210:Myofibrils / Q000502:physiology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012518:Sarcomeres / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium