title: Specific immune response in humans following rectal delivery of live typhoid vaccine.
abstract: The specific immune responses to the live vaccine Salmonella typhi Ty21a following rectal administration were determined in serum, peripheral blood lymphocytes, saliva and in jejunal fluid of adult human subjects. Following vaccination, all seven subjects had a detectable anti-typhoid IgA antibody response using their peripheral blood lymphocytes (p = 0.009). Significant rises in postvaccination anti-typhoid IgA antibody were observed in the jejunal fluid (p = 0.033), serum (p = 0.010) and saliva (p = 0.050) of these subjects. This study confirms that the normal rectal mucosa is an efficient route of entry to the systemic immune system for microbial agents, and therefore may provide a further possible route of immunization with attenuated bacterial vaccines.
authors.affiliation: University of Adelaide Department of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Shearman
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: LaBrooy
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000276:immunology; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated