Mood changes and physical complaints during the normal menstrual cycle in healthy young women.
Significant emotional and physical symptoms have been linked to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. A critical evaluation of the available studies questions the commonly held belief in menstrual-cycle-related complaints in the majority of normal women. The present study investigated changes in mood, somatic complaints and vegetative variables during the menstrual cycle in 30 healthy young women. Normal cycle function was evaluated and cycle phases were defined according to endocrine data. For all subjects, blood samples were taken at least three times a week to measure estradiol and progesterone. Daily ratings of psychological variables revealed no significant changes in global mood or depression over the cycle. Somatic complaints such as abdominal pain and breast tenderness were significantly related to the luteal, premenstrual, and menstrual phases. Appetite increased in the periovulatory and premenstrual phases. There was a tendency for sexual interest to be highest in the post-menstrual period. Affect and vegetative variables showed no association with hormone levels but were significantly correlated with subjective stress ratings. We conclude that in most healthy young women, cycle-related hormone fluctuations are not accompanied by marked affective changes. Specific physical complaints, however, do occur, particularly in the luteal, premenstrual, and menstrual phases.
Laessle
R G
RG
Division of Psychoneuroendocrinology, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, F.R.G.
Tuschl
R J
RJ
Schweiger
U
U
Pirke
K M
KM
D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D008722:Methods; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000502:physiology
D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol