Videofluoroscopic assessment of muscle fiber shortening in the in situ canine diaphragm.
We tested the hypothesis that dynamic shortening of the costal diaphragm can be accurately estimated from measurements of the radiographic width of the zone of apposition (WZapp) by studying seven supine anesthetized dogs. Both muscle fiber length, represented by the distance between implanted radiopaque markers, and WZapp were measured from digitized recordings of fluoroscopic images utilizing interactive computer software. The WZapp was highly correlated with the length of costal fibers during active respiration in all animals (mean R2 = 0.94). The accuracy in the prediction of fiber length and shortening during breathing is enhanced by inclusion of additional variables describing the displacement of the abdominal wall and the resting geometric orientation of the fibers. We conclude that dynamic fluoroscopic measurement of WZapp is a valuable technique for estimating dynamic diaphragm fiber length and shortening. Depending on the experimental circumstances, WZapp may be a more easily acquired indicator of diaphragm shortening than other variables that have been previously utilized. As such, it may provide a suitable approach to assess active shortening of the diaphragm in humans.
Knight
H
H
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908.
Petroll
W M
WM
Adams
J M
JM
Shaffer
H A
HA
Rochester
D F
DF
D000818:Animals; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology; D014743:Videotape Recording