title: Analyses of flushing response to alcohol and drinking behavior among shipyard workers and their family members in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.
abstract: This paper reports on the prevalence of flushing as a subjective symptom, amount of absolute alcohol required to evoke flushing (flushing dose), and relationships among those and drinking frequency or alcohol consumption in Japanese with age of 20 years and above. The percentage of flushers was 68.6% of males and 41.9% of females, non-flushers 18.3%, 11.2%, and unknowns 13.1%, 46.9%, respectively. The percentage of flushers decreased as drinking frequency increased. Flushers drank less than non-flushers among male drinkers, but such a difference in amount of intake between flushers and non-flushers was not found among female drinkers. Drinkers showed a statistically larger flushing dose than non-drinkers. Results of quantification analysis showed correlations between decreasing flushing dose and (a) "less than once a week" drinkers among males and "less than five times per year" drinkers among females, and (b) the initiation of flushing "less than 10 minutes" after ingestion and "upper half of the body" or "whole body" flushing among both males and females.
authors.affiliation: Okayama Prefectural Institute for Environmental Science and Public Health.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005483:Flushing / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol