Liposomes containing anti-idiotypic antibodies: an oral vaccine to induce protective secretory immune responses specific for pathogens of mucosal surfaces.
By using a gnotobiotic rat model system to study the induction of protective immune responses by anti-idiotype (anti-id) vaccines specific for antibodies directed at the cariogenic microorganism Streptococcus mutans, it was shown that administration of such an anti-id vaccine provided partial protection against dental caries after challenge with virulent microorganisms. Protective effects were first demonstrated by direct parenteral administration of the anti-id vaccine into salivary gland regions, as determined by reductions in microbial colonization and caries scores. Subsequently, the anti-id was incorporated into liposomes and administered by gastric intubation. Immunization by this regimen also resulted in a significant reduction in caries as well as S. mutans colonization of the oral cavity, with concomitant increases in salivary immunoglobulin A anti-S. mutans antibodies. These data provide evidence that anti-id vaccines specifically targeted at the secretory immune system can induce protective immune responses to pathogens of mucosal surfaces.
Jackson
S
S
Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.
Mestecky
J
J
Childers
N K
NK
Michalek
S M
SM
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D008081:Liposomes; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000276:immunology*
D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D008081:Liposomes