title: Cognitive functioning and symptomatology in chronic schizophrenia.
abstract: Chronic schizophrenic patients in a long stay hospital were found to have low levels of intelligence (mean IQ of 80), which was attributed to the effects of substantial intellectual deterioration on below average pre-morbid levels of functioning. Patients with the lowest IQ scores had the least severe positive symptoms but symptomatology was not related to age or extent of intellectual decline. Speed of functioning was relatively more impaired than level of intellectual functioning, with cognitive speed being more affected than motor speed. The severity of negative but not positive symptoms was significantly related to the severity of bradyphrenia (cognitive slowing), a result which would be consistent with the notion of a subcortical pathology in patients with Type II schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Academic Unit, Horton Hospital, Epsom, Surrey.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pantelis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Speller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baxendale
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Barnes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013850:Thinking; D014888:Wechsler Scales