title: Interaction of immunoactive monokines (interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor) in the bivalve mollusc Mytilus edulis.
abstract: Mytilus edulis has been the subject of recent studies to determine whether the relationship between the immune and neuroendocrine systems seen in vertebrates also exists in invertebrates. The effects of mammalian monokines were studied in Mytilus immunocytes previously shown to produce and react to opioid peptides. These invertebrate cells respond to interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), both in vitro and in vivo, in a manner similar to that of human granulocytes. As in the mammalian monokine network, the effect of IL-1 on the immunocytes is brought about, at least in part, by its stimulatory effect on the formation of TNF. In addition, the presence of immunoreactive IL-1 and TNF in Mytilus hemolymph was demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cadet
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sinisterra
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shipp
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scharrer
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Stefano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008974:Mollusca / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha