title: Adverse reproductive outcomes among female veterinarians.
abstract: Because female veterinarians are exposed to several known reproductive hazards, the authors conducted a reproductive survey of all female graduates of a US veterinary school (n = 537) and law school (comparison group, n = 794). Analysis was confined to pregnancies completed after the second year of professional school and from 1966 to 1986. Based on one randomly chosen eligible pregnancy per woman (veterinarians, n = 176; lawyers, n = 229), spontaneous abortion rates, adjusted for elective abortions, were 13.3% for the veterinarians and 15.1% for the lawyers; these did not differ significantly. A Cox life table regression model controlling for age, smoking, alcohol use, and prior spontaneous abortion also showed no significant difference in spontaneous abortion rates between the two populations. Using all pregnancies, veterinarians who reported performing five or more radiographic examinations per week had a marginally elevated risk of spontaneous abortion, but the statistical significance disappeared when analysis was limited to one random pregnancy per woman. For one random eligible birth per woman, the mean birth weight did not differ significantly between the veterinarians and lawyers, even after controlling for possible confounders in regression analyses. A higher rate of reportable birth defects was observed among the veterinarians than among the lawyers (relative risk = 4.2, 95% confidence interval 1.2-15.1), but this unexpected result must be considered hypothesis-generating. The authors did not find an overall increased risk for spontaneous abortion or low birth weight infants among veterinarians compared with lawyers, but veterinarians who reported performing five or more radiographic examinations per week may have been at increased risk for spontaneous abortion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California, Davis.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Schenker
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Samuels
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiggins
mesh_terms: D000027:Abortion, Incomplete / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011859:Radiography / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014730:Veterinary Medicine