title: Measurement of intracardiac dimensions and structures in normal young adult subjects by transesophageal echocardiography.
abstract: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has proven to be an excellent diagnostic means of diagnosing different cardiac diseases. To distinguish between normal and pathologic findings, standardized measurements of well-defined cross-sectional planes are necessary. Therefore, the 2-dimensional echocardiographic data of 25 healthy volunteers were obtained. In 13 men and 12 women, aged 19 to 30 years, recordings of the left ventricular short-axis view, the 2- or 4-chamber view with the left and right atria, the long axes of the left and right ventricles, the mitral and tricuspid valve ring and the atrial septum were analyzed. Furthermore, the aortic valve plane and the ascending and descending aorta were also measured. All data are given as mean values +/- 2 times the standard deviation. End-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular anterior-to-posterior diameter of the left ventricular short axis was 2.5 +/- 0.3 cm/m2 and 1.7 +/- 0.3 cm/m2, with the fractional shortening ranging from 27 to 42%. The end-systolic lateral diameter was 2.4 +/- 0.5 cm/m2 for the left atrium and 2.4 +/- 0.4 cm/m2 for the right atrium, and the end-systolic anterior-to-posterior diameter was 1.5 +/- 0.6 cm/m2 for the left atrium and 2.1 +/- 0.6 cm/m2 for the right atrium. End-diastolic diameters of 3.4 +/- 0.6 cm/m2 and 2.8 +/- 0.4 cm/m2 were obtained for the long axis of the left ventricle and for the right ventricle. Measurements ranged from 1.5 to 2.2 cm/m2 for the end-diastolic diameter of the mitral ring and from 1.3 to 2.0 cm/m2 for the tricuspid ring.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Second Medical Clinic, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drexler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Erbel
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wittlich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohr-Kahaly
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001011:Aorta / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012016:Reference Values