title: Transforming growth factor alpha-Pseudomonas exotoxin fusion protein prolongs survival of nude mice bearing tumor xenografts.
abstract: Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha)-Pseudomonas exotoxin 40 (PE40) is a chimeric protein consisting of an N-terminal TGF alpha domain fused to a C-terminal 40-kDa segment of the Pseudomonas exotoxin A protein. TGF alpha-PE40 exhibits the receptor-binding activity of TGF alpha and the cell-killing activity of PE40. These properties make TGF alpha-PE40 an effective cytotoxic agent for cells that possess epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). However, the utility of this protein as an anticancer agent has been unclear because many normal tissues express EGFR and may be damaged by exposure to TGF alpha-PE40. To address this issue, we injected nude mice with a lethal inoculum of either A431 or HT29 human tumor cells that possess EGFR or with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) tumor cells that lack EGFR. Animals were treated with a derivative of TGF alpha-PE40 in which the cysteine residues are replaced by alanine, termed "TGF alpha-PE40 delta cys," or with saline once a day for 5 days. Mice bearing EGFR+ tumor cells lived significantly (P less than 0.001) longer when treated with TGF alpha-PE40 delta cys compared with saline-treated controls (median survival: A431 cells, 51.5 vs. 25.5 days; HT29 cells, 101 vs. 47.5 days). TGF alpha-PE40 delta cys did not prolong the survival of mice bearing tumor cells that lack EGFR (median survival: CHO cells, 15.5 vs. 19.5 days). The only toxicity to normal tissues was mild periportal hepatic necrosis. These studies indicate that a therapeutic window exists in vivo for the use of some growth factor-toxin fusion proteins as anticancer agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Heimbrook
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stirdivant
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ahern
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Balishin
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Defeo-Jones
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: FitzGerald
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pastan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliff
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D000409:Alanine; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003545:Cysteine; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009154:Mutation; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D037521:Virulence Factors; D000097668:Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A
chemical_list: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D000409:Alanine; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D003545:Cysteine; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D005098:Exotoxins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors; D037521:Virulence Factors; D000097668:Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A; C062005:transforming growth factor type alpha-Pseudomonas exotoxin A