title: Risk of vocal chord dysplasia in relation to smoking, alcohol intake and occupation.
abstract: The significance of tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and occupation as risk factors for the development of vocal chord dysplasia was evaluated in a case-control study. Twenty-seven male patients with dysplasia of the vocal chords were chosen from the I. ENT-University Clinic in Vienna (1985-1988) and compared with 54 controls. The main results are: The relative risk (RR) of a smoker compared to that of a non-smoker for vocal chord dysplasia is 7.27 (6.81-7.73); the RR adjusted for occupation is 3.58 (2.31-4.84). The most important risk factor, however, is occupational exposure. The relative risk of a blue collar worker compared to that of a white collar worker is 11.04 (10.61-11.46), which is reduced only to 10.02 (10.61-11.46) after stratification according to smoking habits.
authors.affiliation: First Dept. of Otorhinotaryngology University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Grasl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Neuwirth-Riedl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vutuc
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Horak
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vorbeck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banyai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009787:Occupational Medicine; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014827:Vocal Cords
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol