title: Mechanisms of creatine kinase release from isolated rat skeletal muscles damaged by propylene glycol and ethanol.
abstract: The organic cosolvents propylene glycol and ethanol are found to cause skeletal muscle damage and creatine kinase release following intramuscular injection. The mechanisms of this organic cosolvent-induced enzyme release have not been elucidated. Cosolvent-induced creatine kinase release was enhanced by the addition of calcium to the incubation medium, and inhibited, albeit modestly, by dibucaine, a nonspecific phospholipase A2 inhibitor. The temporal pattern of creatine kinase release further suggested that cosolvent-induced enzyme release from skeletal muscles may be caused by an intracellular mechanism rather than by a direct solubilization of sarcolemma. This intracellular mechanism may involve the mobilization of calcium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, State University of New York, Buffalo 14260.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brazeau
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Fung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D003992:Dibucaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D011409:Propylene Glycols; D000431:Ethanol; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D003992:Dibucaine; D002118:Calcium