title: Water fluoride concentration and fracture of the proximal femur.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between water fluoride concentration and the incidence of hip fracture, since evidence on this is at present inconsistent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Numbers of hospital admissions for fractures of proximal femur were obtained from hospital activity analysis data for the years 1978-1982. The fracture rates were compared with water fluoride concentrations in 39 county districts of England and Wales (fluoride concentrations had been measured in these districts between 1969 and 1973 as part of the British Regional Heart Study).
  
  
  METHODS
  During the study period, 4121 men and 16,272 women aged 45 years and over were discharged from hospital after hip fracture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Poor correlations were found between discharge rates and both total (r = 0.16, p = 0.34) and natural (r = 0.01, p = 0.95) water fluoride concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Water fluoridation to levels of around 1 mg/litre is unlikely to reduce hip fracture incidence markedly in this country.
authors.affiliation: MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wickham
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Lacey
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005457:Fluoridation; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium