title: Clearance from dialysate and equilibration of intraperitoneal vancomycin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: This article reports on a study of the disposition of loading doses (1g and 15 mg/kg) of vancomycin given intraperitoneally to 6 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with Gram-positive peritonitis. Dialysate samples were collected every 30 minutes during the first dwell, and serum samples were collected after the first 5 exchanges and after 7 or 14 days. The dialysate concentration/time data were fitted to a monoexponential curve for 4 patients and to a biexponential curve for 2 others. Dialysis clearance was 0.73 +/- 0.04 L/h (1g dose) and 0.70 +/- 0.23 L/h (15 mg/kg dose). Total body clearance was 0.51 +/- 0.36 L/h. Serum concentrations reached 14 to 18 mg/L (15 mg/kg dose) and 6.75 to 24 mg/L (1g dose) at the end of the first dwell. The half-life of equilibration of vancomycin across the peritoneal membrane was 2.5 +/- 2.3 hours. Intraperitoneal loading doses of vancomycin produce concomitant serum concentrations in excess of the minimum inhibitory concentrations for susceptible organisms. Administration on a milligram per kilogram basis produces more consistent serum concentrations than using a standard loading dose which is not based on bodyweight.
authors.affiliation: University of Manchester Department of Pharmacy, England.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bailie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003956:Dialysis; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D014640:Vancomycin