[Characteristics of optokinetic, opto-oculomotor and vestibulo-oculomotor reactions in weightlessness].
Investigations of spontaneous and evoked optokinetic, optooculomotor, and vestibulooculomotor reactions in microgravity are described. The investigations were performed during the 7-day Soviet-Indian flight and during the 237-day Salyut-7 flight. At an early period of adaptation to microgravity spontaneous oscillations of the eyeballs were enhanced: spontaneous nystagmus (in one of the subjects), lower effectiveness of saccadic pursuit (saccade elimination during the pursuit of a moving target, decrease of saccade amplitude, appearance of corrective microsaccades during fixation turns and pursuit), decline of the optokinetic nystagmus threshold. Compensatory eye counterrotation, when the head moved from side-to-side in the frontal plane with eyes open and dark glasses on, did not disappear but attenuated slightly; it was followed by low amplitude nystagmus. When the head moved with eyes open, one of the crewmembers showed complete eye destabilization while others--high amplitude nystagmic oscillations. When the head turned around with eyes open, clonic nystagmus occurred.
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D004584:Electronystagmography; D004585:Electrooculography; D005133:Eye Movements; D006801:Humans; D009759:Nystagmus, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology; D013026:Space Flight; D013997:Time Factors; D014893:Weightlessness
Osobennosti optokineticheskikh, optookulomotornykh i vestibulookulomotornykh reaktsiĭ v nevesomosti.