title: Nonconservative utilization of aldolase A alternative promoters.
abstract: Recently, analysis of the sequence and expression of the human aldolase A gene revealed the unique arrangement of three tandem promoters and exons preceding a common coding sequence. A muscle-specific promoter (M) and two flanking widely used promoters (N and H) produce mRNA species which, in their mature forms, differ only in the sequence of their 5'-untranslated regions. We have isolated and investigated the expression of a mouse aldolase A gene. This mouse gene represents a functional gene by sequence analysis, recombinational screening, and by transfection into C2C12 cells. Although there is a high degree of sequence similarity between the mouse and the human gene in the region of the alternative first exons, we have been unable to detect a functional utilization of the 5'-most promoter (N) in the mouse. Steady state mRNAs isolated from a variety of adult tissues and cultured cells were analyzed by RNase protection and primer extension to identify first exon utilization. Consistent with previous reports, exon M is found only in skeletal muscle and exon H, the "housekeeping" exon, is utilized in every tissue where aldolase A is expressed. Under identical conditions we fail to see any evidence of the N exon. Therefore, although sequence homology exists between rodents and primates in the N region, the absence of selective pressure to preserve its primate pattern of expression may have resulted in functional promoter extinction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York 14642.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Stauffer
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Colbert
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ciejek-Baez
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005091:Exons; D005634:Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase / Q000235:genetics*; D005796:Genes; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005634:Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase