title: Characterization and regulation of sex-specific mouse steroid hydroxylase genes.
abstract: We characterized the genes of the male-specific mouse steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase (C-P-45016 alpha) and the female-specific mouse steroid 15 alpha-hydroxylase (P-45015 alpha) within two distinct gene families. In spite of the high structural identities within each family, the expression of the hydroxylase genes is uniquely regulated. Moreover, the other family members encode the P-450s which are structurally very similar to the hydroxylases but are not able to catalyze steroid hydroxylase activities. For example, only a single amino acid substitution creates steroid 15 alpha-hydroxylase activity in another family-member P-450coh, which catalyzes coumarin 7-hydroxylase but little steroid hydroxylase activity. It appears, therefore, that the mouse P-450 gene families evolved through gene duplication and selective mutation to create new P-450s structurally as well as to establish novel regulatory elements for the gene expressions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itakura
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burkhart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Negishi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003374:Coumarins / Q000378:metabolism; D065637:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins; D004247:DNA; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D065637:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; C050356:steroid 15-alpha-hydroxylase; C022724:testosterone 7-alpha-hydroxylase, hamster