title: Use of a chronic ureter cannula in the pig for the determination of renal clearance.
abstract: The surgical implantation of chronic ureter cannula to determine the renal clearance was evaluated using 24 pigs. The silicon tubing was surgically implanted into both ureters of each pigs. Two types of thick tubing (the inside diameter 1.0 or 2.5 mm and the outside diameter 4.0 mm) were used for these cannulas. The tubing was exposed out of the pig's body on the flank, on the hypogastric zone near the umbilicus, or near the groin. The following steps were effective to minimize the opportunity of a bacterial infection in the kidney and to maintain the functional integrity of the chronic ureter cannula for as longer period as possible: 1) to use the tubing of larger opening as the ureter cannula, 2) to expose the tubing from the hypogastric zone near the groin, and 3) to apply the disinfectant frequently to the incision sites, cannula outlets and pig's metabolic cage. The oral ingestion of the GGES solution increased the urinary volume, which might in turn have resulted in the effective rinsing of the kidney and the chronic ureter cannula. The cannula served satisfactorily for more than 3 weeks in 13 of the pigs, up to a maximum of 7 weeks. The PSP clearances values were low during the first week of the postoperative period, which may be attributed to surgical stress. The chronic ureter cannula, associated with the postoperative period of more than 1 week, can be recommended for the evaluation of the renal clearance of drugs in the pig.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kokue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D005260:Female; D007444:Inulin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D010637:Phenolsulfonphthalein / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D014513:Ureter; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D007444:Inulin; D010637:Phenolsulfonphthalein