title: Effects of various anesthetic and autonomic drugs on refraction in monkeys.
abstract: Resting refractive correction in ketamine-, pentobarbital-, or halothane-anesthetized rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys was approximately 1-3 diopters myopic, with little difference under the various anesthetic regimens. Topical cyclopentolate or atropine, or systemic hexamethonium eliminated much of the myopia, while epinephrine, phenylephrine and thymoxamine had little effect. Anesthesia-induced myopia in monkeys thus seems comparable to tonic accommodation ("night myopia") in the human. Accommodation induced by electrical stimulation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus averaged approximately 50% less under halothane than under pentobarbital, possibly due to halothane-induced systemic arterial hypotension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53792.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Gabelt
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: L Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Bito
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001337:Autonomic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000188:drug therapy; D012029:Refraction, Ocular
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D001337:Autonomic Agents