title: A prospective study of risk factors for traumatic deaths in a retirement community.
abstract: We examined possible predictors of traumatic deaths by means of a case-control study nested within a large ongoing cohort study of residents of a Southern California retirement community. Baseline information was collected by means of a detailed mailed health survey completed by 11,888 residents in 1981-1982. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, being widowed or divorced (RR = 6.4, P = 0.009), sleeping 9 or more hours per night (RR = 4.6, P = 0.02), and drinking more than three alcoholic beverages a day (RR = 3.5, P = 0.04) were significant predictors of suicide risk. However, the strongest predictor of suicide was a mental outlook assessment summary score calculated from responses to seven questions derived from the Zung self-rating depression scale. Individuals in the poorest summary score category were 23 times more likely to commit suicide than individuals in the best summary score category (P = 0.004). Women who regularly practiced breast self-examination were also at very low risk for suicide (RR = 0.1, P = 0.0005). The mental outlook assessment summary score was also a predictor of accidental deaths, although the relative risk estimates were lower than those for suicide and the individual questions best predicting risk were different. A history of a serious chronic disease (RR = 2.6, P = 0.01) and moderate alcohol intake of less than two drinks per day (RR = 0.3, P = 0.01) were also predictors of accidental deaths. Estrogen use in women did not predict risk of traumatic deaths.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033-0804.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trent
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paganini-Hill
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002140:California; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012179:Retirement; D012307:Risk Factors; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*