title: Human HLA-DR alpha gene: a rare oligonucleotide (GTATA) identifies an upstream sequence required for nuclear protein binding.
abstract: Synthetic oligonucleotides containing putative regulatory sequences are currently employed to identify and isolate genes coding for nuclear binding factors. Upstream DNA sequences of eukaryotic genes required for transcriptional activity and tissue specificity can be identified by means of biochemical techniques as well as computer analysis using homology searching. An alternative approach has been recently proposed by our research group. Scanning DNA sequences 1.8 megabases in length from a Genetic Sequence Data Bank, we have identified rare oligonucleotides 5 base pairs (bp) long, which are localized within or close to regulatory segments in mammalian promoters. In this paper we demonstrate that the rare GTATA sequence identifies an upstream region of the HLA-DR alpha gene which operates in conjunction with the sequence AGAAGTCAG, homologous to a box found in many interferon-inducible genes, in binding nuclear proteins.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Chimica Biologica, Università di Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giacomini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Volinia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nastruzzi
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mileo
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ferrini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barrai
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Natali
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gambari
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D004247:DNA