title: Molecular analysis of a hybrid gene encoding human glycophorin variant Miltenberger V-like molecule.
abstract: The genomic structure of a human glycophorin variant, Miltenberger class V-like molecule (MiV*), was examined. Southern blot analysis of total genomic DNA revealed that the 5' half of the MiV* gene derived from glycophorin A (GPA) gene whereas the 3' half derived from glycophorin B (GPB) gene. This structure is reciprocal to another glycophorin variant, Sta, which has a GPB-GPA hybrid structure. The genomic sequences around the crossing-over point were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the sequences were determined. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the GPA, GPB, and MiV* genes indicates that the crossing-over point is located in the region around the 3' end of intron 3 of the GPA gene. This place is different from the crossing-over point for Sta, which was found to be highly homologous to that for haptoglobin-related genes. However, the nucleotide sequences within the presumptive crossing-over point for the MiV* gene were found to be homologous in a reverse orientation to the crossing-over point proposed for haptoglobin-related genes. These results suggest strongly that homologous recombination through unequal crossing over can be facilitated by specific genomic elements such as those in common for formation of MiV*, Sta, and haptoglobin-related genes. The present study also localized the gene of the third glycophorin, GPE, at chromosome 4, q31.1 band, the same locus as for the GPA and GPB genes. The results indicate that GPE was not involved in generating MiV* or Sta hybrid gene despite the fact that it is localized adjacent to the GPA and GPB genes.
authors.affiliation: La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, Cancer Research Center, California 92037.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chagnovich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rearden
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015342:DNA Probes; D005091:Exons; D005796:Genes; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006021:Glycophorins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D006021:Glycophorins; C065172:Miltenberger V-like molecule glycophorin variant; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D004247:DNA