title: Chronic progressive spinobulbar spasticity with disturbance of voluntary eyelid closure. Report of a case with special reference to MRI and electrophysiological findings.
abstract: We describe a 56-year-old man who had a progressive pseudobulbar palsy, spastic tetraparesis, forced laughing and disturbance of voluntary eyelid closure, and was clinically compatible with chronic progressive spinobulbar spasticity. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) revealed atrophy of the bilateral motor cortices and single photon emission tomography after intravenous injection of N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine iodine-123 (IMP-SPECT) showed hyporadioactivity in the same regions. Electrophysiological studies on supranuclear paralysis of eyelid closure demonstrated that so-called apraxia and motor impersistence coexisted and that in attempts to keep the eyelid closed the inhibition of basal activity of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and activation of the orbicularis oculi muscle were insufficient, indicating the impaired reciprocity of these ocular muscles. The corresponding lesion of these eyelid symptoms was considered to be the bilateral motor cortices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tojima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D001767:Blinking; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005143:Eyelids / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology