title: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus mortality. The risk of cigarette smoking.
abstract: The relation between cigarette smoking and mortality was examined prospectively in a population of adult insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients. In 1981, information on smoking history and other health and lifestyle factors was obtained by questionnaire from 93% of the 723 patients included in the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh IDDM registry who were diagnosed between 1950 and 1964. Vital status as of January 1, 1988 was ascertained for 98% of the 548 patients who participated in the baseline survey and were alive as of January 1, 1982. Fifty-four cases died during the 6-year follow-up (32 male, 22 female). Proportional hazards analysis revealed that heavy smoking was a significant independent predictor of all-cause mortality among females but not males. The excess mortality in female diabetics was explained primarily by a marked excess risk of coronary heart disease mortality in smokers. These data strongly suggest that cigarette smoking, especially among diabetic females, should be avoided in order to improve longevity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Moy
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: LaPorte
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dorman
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Songer
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Orchard
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kuller
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Drash
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*