title: Nucleotide sequence of the virulent SA-14 strain of Japanese encephalitis virus and its attenuated vaccine derivative, SA-14-14-2.
abstract: The attenuated SA-14-14-2 strain of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus has been used to immunize people in the People's Republic of China. Oligonucleotide fingerprints of the parent SA-14 and vaccine strain indicate that multiple genetic changes occurred during attenuation of the virus. We have cloned and sequenced the genomes of both the virulent SA-14 and attenuated SA-14-14-2 viruses to define molecular differences in the genomes. Forty-five nucleotide differences, resulting in 15 amino acid substitutions, were found by comparing sequences of the SA-14 and SA-14-14-2 genomes. Transversion of U to A occurred at position 39 in the 5'-noncoding region of SA-14-14-2 and another SA-14 vaccine derivative SA-14-5-3. A single nucleotide change in the capsid gene of SA-14-14-2 altered a single amino acid which changed its predicted secondary structure. A silent nucleotide change was found in the prM gene sequence and the M-protein was unchanged. There are seven nucleotide differences, resulting in five amino acid changes, in the E glycoprotein sequence of the two viruses. Nine amino acid differences were found in the nonstructural proteins of SA-14 and SA-14-14-2: one in NS2A, two in NS2B, three in NS3, one in ns4a, and two in NS5. A single nucleotide change at position 10,428 in the 3'-noncoding region is vaccine virus-specific. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the vaccine strain SA-14-14-2, the parent virus SA-14, and virulent strains JaOArS982 and Beijing-1 have been compared and are highly conserved.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vector-Borne Infections Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nitayaphan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Trent
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004664:Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014764:Viral Proteins