title: The developing chick isthmo-optic nucleus forms a transient efferent projection to the optic tectum.
abstract: The present work describes the formation of a transient efferent axonal projection from the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION) to the ipsilateral optic tectum of the chick embryo. Local application of either the carbocyanine dye DiI or rhodamine-B-isothiocyanate (RITC) to the superficial layers of the optic tectum resulted in retrograde labeling of the corresponding retinal region, and in anterograde staining of tectal axons projecting to the ION. In addition to these known projections, retrogradely labeled ION neurons appeared to be filled from the tectum. This projection, called the isthmo-tectal projection, could be characterized by means of various staining techniques: (i) It first appears at embryonic day E9 and gradually disappears after day E16. It is absent in the hatched chick. (ii) Both the cells inside the ION and those situated outside the border of the ION, the so-called ectopic cells, contribute to the formation of the isthmo-tectal projection. (iii) Double labeling from the contralateral retina (Fast blue) and from the ipsilateral tectum (DiI or RITC) revealed that some of the ION fibers projecting to the tectum are collaterals of axons normally directed to the retina. (iv) Microsurgical removal of the eye anlage early in development resulted in a numerical increase of the ION-tectal fibers. The results are discussed in terms of the role of transient projections during development.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, F.R.G.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wizenmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thanos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes