title: Recurrence and clearance of hepatitis B surface antigenemia in a dialysis patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: Hepatitis B vaccination programs have prevented infection in many dialysis patients, although the antibody response to vaccination is still insufficient in approximately 50%. Reinfection or reactivation of latent hepatitis B infection (HBV) has been reported in certain groups of immunosuppressed patients, including those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). We report the reactivation or reinfection of HBV with resurgence of hepatitis B surface antigen in a dialysis patient coinfected with HIV-1. Thus, in dialysis patients with latent HBV infection, with undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels, the potential exists to reactivate during immunosuppression associated with HIV-1 infection and/or end-stage renal disease. Reinfection with a different subtype is also possible. The development of hepatitis B surface antigenemia in this patient population creates a potential for transmission in the dialysis setting. This is of special concern since the number of patients infected with HIV-1 and with evidence of prior hepatitis B infection is increasing in urban units.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, University of Miami, FL 33101.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Interian
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: de Medina
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bourgoignie
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Velez-Robinson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schiff
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D015497:HIV-1; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens