title: Chronic vs acute carbamate administration in exercising rats.
abstract: Physostigmine (PH), alone, and pyridostigmine (PY), in combination with atropine and 2-PAM, have been shown to protect animals against organophosphate poisoning. While acute administration of either of these carbamates increased heating rates and decreased endurance of exercising rats, chronically administered PY did not induce these decrements, and we hypothesized that chronic administration of PH could also result in similar attenuation of these effects. Thus, PH was administered acutely (iv) or chronically (osmotic mini-pump) in the following 4 groups (510-530g, male, N = 10/group): C (control, saline iv), AC-200 (acute, 200 ug/kg, 58% whole blood cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition), CH-7 (chronic, 125 ug/hr, 7 days, 60% inhib.), and CH-14 (chronic, 125 ug/hr, 14 days, 56% inhib.). Rats were run (11 m/min, 26 degrees C) to exhaustion. The run times and heating rates (% of control) were: AC-200 - 47, 213%; CH-7 - 60, 157%; CH-14 - 92, 109%. Additionally, ultrastructural changes noted in diaphragms of acutely treated animals were less evident in chronically treated animals. Thus, the decremental effects of acute PH administration on endurance, thermoregulation, and ultrastructure were attenuated with chronic administration at similar levels of ChE inhibition.
authors.affiliation: US Army Res. Inst. Environ. Med., Natick, MA 01760-5007.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Matthew
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Francesconi
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hubbard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002219:Carbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D010830:Physostigmine