title: Maternal cohort, time of stillbirth, and maternal age effects in Italian stillbirth mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate factors in stillbirth mortality in Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Italian stillbirth data from 1955 to 1979 were analysed using a log-linear Poisson model with arbitrary constraints on the parameters to identify the effects of maternal birth cohort, calendar period of stillbirth and maternal age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stillbirth data for the whole of Italy were obtained from the Italian Central Institute of Statistics for the years under examination. During this period the criteria for defining stillbirth did not change and the quality of birth registration was similar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Decreases in stillbirth mortality were marked and steady, starting for the generations born since 1920. A period effect in stillbirth trends was shown, but this was apparently smaller than the cohort trend.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cohort trend suggests that long term improvements in socioeconomic and general health conditions may be important factors in the diminishing stillbirth rates, as well as short term advances in obstetric care. Alternatively the cohort effect could be attributed, at least in part, to an age-period interaction, since the downward trends were more pronounced in younger women.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parazzini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mezzanotte
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fedele
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D011247:Pregnancy; D012923:Social Class; D013997:Time Factors