title: Minimal anesthetic concentration and cardiopulmonary dose response of isoflurane in ducks.
abstract: The minimal anesthetic concentration (MAC) for isoflurane was determined during spontaneous ventilation in nine male Peking ducks (7 to 12 weeks of age; 3.0 +/- 0.4 kg). While each bird was awake, arterial blood was collected for analysis of pH, PaCO2, and PaO2. After anesthesia was induced with isoflurane in oxygen, MAC was determined for isoflurane in each bird during spontaneous ventilation in a manner similar to MAC determinations in mammals. Pulmonary dose-response data were collected at 1 MAC and 1.5 MAC. Anesthetic index (Al; an index of anesthetic-induced apnea) was calculated from ducks that became apneic. The MAC for isoflurane was 1.30 +/- 0.23% (mean +/- SD). There was a dose-dependent decrease in ventilation as evidenced by a statistically significant increase in PaCO2. Apnea or unacceptable hypercarbia (PaCO2 greater than 110 mm Hg), or both, were common occurrences at end-tidal isoflurane concentrations greater than 1.5 MAC. Anesthetic index calculated from four ducks was 1.65 +/- 0.13 (mean +/- SEM). There was no significant difference between the means of either heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure in birds at 1.0 and 1.5 MAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ludders
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rode
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004372:Ducks / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007530:Isoflurane; D008297:Male; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007530:Isoflurane