title: A direct surgical approach to correct the inverted nipple.
abstract: Inverted nipples are cosmetically unpleasing to the patient and can become inflamed due to mechanical difficulty with cleaning the nipple-areola complex. A surgical technique for the permanent repair of inverted nipples is described. The rationale for the surgical approach is that the major pathophysiologic basis for nipple inversion is shortened lactiferous ducts. Briefly outlined, under local anesthesia, the nipple is everted with a skin hook and held in gentle traction while a small incision is made on each side at the nipple-areola junction. Breast ducts are then divided by sharp dissection, and a drain is inserted through the tunnel under the nipple. The drain is removed in 7 to 10 days. The patient must be informed before the procedure that breast-feeding will not be possible afterward because breast ducts will be permanently divided. Advantages to the procedure are (1) no scars on the areola, (2) no stricture from sutures, (3) adequate blood and nerve supply to the nipple, and (4) decreased risk of hematoma.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009558:Nipples / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods*; D014143:Traction