title: [A new mechanical sensor for activity controlled and body position dependent frequency adaptive pacemaker stimulation].
abstract: In the past, the most important feature in the development of rate-responsive pacemaker systems was ensuring an adequate rate response to physical exercise. But there are other variables that modulate the rate of the healthy heart; examples include postural changes in heart rate in order to prevent orthostatic reactions, and the nightly decrease in intrinsic pacemaker rate. Therefore, we developed a sensor that could distinguish, not only rest and activity, but also discriminate between a supine and an upright position. This sensor is a multicontact tilt switch, which contains a small mercury ball. By measuring the number of openings and closures within the sensor as the ball touches the numerous sensor contacts it is possible to discriminate between different levels of exercise; the contact pins are circled around the base plate. There is an almost linear increase in the number of changes per time with increasing exercise. Besides measuring body activity from the number of contact changes per time, it is also possible to determine the body's posture from the count and positioning of the closed contacts within the casing. Based upon the results of 12 volunteers and nine pacemaker patients, a new algorithm is being prepared which enables the pacemaker to decrease stimulation rate in the supine position, to increase it in the upright position, and to correlate pacing rate with the increase in physical exercise. There is a good correlation between number of contact changes and the intrinsic heart rate (r = 0.87).
authors.affiliation: I. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matula
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Theres
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thilo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000628:therapy*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006327:Heart Block / Q000628:therapy; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D012804:Sick Sinus Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
vernacular_title: Ein neuer mechanischer Sensor für aktivitätsgesteuerte und körperpositionsabhängige frequenzadaptive Schrittmacherstimulation.