Antibody-mediated in vitro neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 abolishes infectivity for chimpanzees.
This study was undertaken to establish whether antibody directed against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) principal gp120 type-specific neutralization determinant can abolish the infectivity of HIV-1 in chimpanzees. Challenge inocula of the IIIb virus isolate were mixed in vitro with either immunoglobulin G (IgG) from an uninfected chimpanzee, nonneutralizing IgG from an HIV-seropositive human, a virus-neutralizing murine monoclonal antibody directed against the HIV-1 IIIb isolate, or virus-neutralizing IgG from a chimpanzee infected with the IIIb isolate. Both neutralizing antibodies were directed against the principal neutralization determinant of the challenge isolate. Establishment of infection following inoculation of each virus-antibody mixture into chimpanzees was assessed by virus-specific antibody development and by virus isolation. No protective effect was noted either with the control IgG or with the nonneutralizing anti-HIV IgG. By contrast, the polyclonal chimpanzee virus-neutralizing IgG prevented HIV-1 in vivo infection, while the neutralizing monoclonal antibody notably decreased the infectivity of the challenge virus. Hence, antibody to the gp120 principal neutralization determinant is able both to prevent HIV-1 infection in vitro and to inhibit infection in vivo.
Emini
E A
EA
Merck, Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486.
Nara
P L
PL
Schleif
W A
WA
Lewis
J A
JA
Davide
J P
JP
Lee
D R
DR
Kessler
J
J
Conley
S
S
Matsushita
S
S
Putney
S D
SD
D000818:Animals; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000382:microbiology*; D014774:Virulence
D004279:DNA, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G