title: The effectiveness of bystander CPR in an animal model.
abstract: Several clinical studies have yielded conflicting results in examining the effectiveness of bystander CPR (BCPR). The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effectiveness of BCPR in an animal model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Ten swine were instrumented for hemodynamic and regional blood flow measurements with tracer microspheres. After two minutes of ventricular fibrillation (VF), the animals received eight minutes of either BCPR (five) or no-bystander CPR (NBCPR; five). Defibrillation was then attempted in both groups. If unsuccessful, CPR was begun and epinephrine 0.02 mg/kg was administered. Defibrillation was attempted again three and one-half minutes after epinephrine administration. Regional myocardial and cerebral blood flows were measured 30 seconds and five and one-half minutes after initiation of BCPR and one minute after epinephrine administration. In the BCPR group, myocardial blood flow was initially 29.0 +/- 33.2 and decreased to 15.0 +/- 21.5 mL/min/100 g during the last two and one-half minutes of BCPR. Cortical cerebral blood flow was initially 2.0 +/- 2.8 and fell to 0.6 +/- 0.8 mL/min/100 g during the last two and one-half minutes of BCPR. There were no statistical differences in myocardial blood flow and cerebral blood flow between the initial or late stages of BCPR (P greater than .14). There were no statistical differences in myocardial blood flow and cerebral blood flow between BCPR and NBCPR groups after epinephrine administration (P greater than .09).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1228.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rinnert
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Ligten
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neumar
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Werman
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008954:Models, Biological; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012151:Resuscitation; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004837:Epinephrine