title: [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on aztreonam in neonates and premature infants].
abstract: Aztreonam (AZT) was studied for its pharmacokinetics, clinical effect and effect on intestinal bacterial flora in neonates, and the results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Serum concentrations of AZT upon intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg were 38.6 micrograms/ml in 30 minutes, 30.6 micrograms/ml in 1 hour and 13.6 micrograms/ml in 6 hours. The T 1/2 was 3.73 hours. Ampicillin (ABPC) 25 mg/kg was concurrently used with AZT in 2 cases and serum concentrations of AZT in these 2 cases were 40.3 and 36.9 micrograms/ml in 30 minutes, 35.7 and 32.6 micrograms/ml in 1 hour, and 13.1 and 10.2 micrograms/ml in 6 hours, respectively. T 1/2's were 3.32 and 2.91 hours, respectively, and no interaction between the 2 drugs was observed. 2. AZT was administered to 21 neonates between 0 and 83 days of age and ABPC was concurrently administered to 18 of the cases. Clinical evaluation was made in 14 cases, where AZT was remarkably effective in 7 cases, effective in 6 cases and not effective in 1 case. Of the 21 cases, 1 case of diarrhea, 1 case each of eosinophilia, an increase in platelets, an increase in platelets and an elevation of GOT and a decrease in platelets were recorded. 3. With respect to effects of AZT on intestinal bacterial flora, fecal concentrations of AZT upon its single administration to 2 cases were low suggesting, there was little effect on the intestinal flora. Some effect on anaerobes, however, was recognized in 4 cases in which ABPC was concurrently used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Second Tokyo National Hospital.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sunakawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oikawa
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001398:Aztreonam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000667:Ampicillin; D001398:Aztreonam