title: Evaluation of friction between edgewise stainless steel brackets and orthodontic wires of four alloys.
abstract: This investigation was designed to determine the effects of wire size and alloy on frictional force generated between bracket and wire during in vitro translatory displacement of bracket relative to wire. Stainless steel (SS), cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr), nickel-titanium (NiTi), and beta-titanium (beta-Ti) wires of several sizes were tested in narrow single (0.050-inch), medium twin (0.130-inch) and wide twin (0.180-inch) stainless steel brackets in both 0.018- and 0.022-inch slots. The wires were ligated into the brackets with elastomeric ligatures. Bracket movement along the wire was implemented by means of a mechanical testing instrument, and frictional forces were measured by a compression cell and recorded on an X-Y recorder. beta-Ti and NiTi wires generated greater amounts of frictional forces than SS or Co-Cr wires did for most wire sizes. Increase in wire size generally resulted in increased bracket-wire friction. The wire size-alloy interaction on the magnitude of bracket-wire friction was statistically significant (p less than 0.005). With most wire sizes and alloys, narrow single brackets were associated with lower amounts of friction than wider brackets were. The levels of frictional forces in 0.018-inch brackets ranged from 49 gm with 0.016-inch SS wires in narrow single brackets to 336 gm with 0.017 x 0.025-inch beta-Ti wires in wide twin brackets. Similarly for 0.022-inch brackets, frictional forces ranged from 40 gm with 0.018-inch SS wires in narrow single brackets to 222 gm with 0.019 x 0.025-inch NiTi wires in wide twin brackets.
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma, College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapila
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Angolkar
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Duncanson
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Nanda
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002858:Chromium Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D009532:Nickel; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D013193:Stainless Steel; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D002858:Chromium Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium