title: The HLA genetic constitution of the Bushmen (San).
abstract: The HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens of 290 and the DR antigens of 212 !Kung San individuals were characterized. The most frequent antigens were HLA-A30 [gene frequency (gf) = 0.193], Bw58 (gf = 0.303), Cw6 (gf = 0.327), DR4 (gf = 0.273), and DQw3 (gf = 0.553). An unexpected finding was the low frequency of the classic African black antigen Bw42 (gf = 0.004). Marked differences as well as similarities in HLA gene frequencies were observed between the San and the South African Negroes, supporting the view that they had a common origin and were then separated for a very long time. During this period differences developed as a result of selective advantage in the Negroes following the pastoralist-agriculturalist way of life as opposed to the hunter-gatherer way of life. The picture is further complicated by the fact that gene flow, mostly from the San to the southern African Negroes, took place when they met again a few hundred years ago. The data also illustrate HLA haplotypes, linkage disequilibria, and four-locus haplotypes not previously seen in other human populations. The most frequent four-locus haplotype in the San, HLA-Aw43,Cw7,B7,DRw6 was also different from A30, Cw2,Bw42,DR3, the most common among the South African Negroes.
authors.affiliation: Provincial Laboratory for Tissue Immunology, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: du Toit
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Taljaard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oudshoorn
mesh_terms: D000353:Africa, Southern; D005075:Biological Evolution; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens