title: Effects of atropine/2-PAM chloride, heat, and chemical protective clothing on visual performance.
abstract: Visual acuity, phoria, stereopsis, and contrast sensitivity were assessed over 6 h of continued exposure to combinations of atropine (2 mg) and 2-PAM chloride (600 mg), severe heat/humidity (95 degrees F (35 degrees C); 60% RH), and wearing either the U.S. Army battle dress uniform (BDU) or the BDU and the impermeable chemical protective clothing (MOPP-IV). Subjects were able to complete all 6 h of testing under severe heat when wearing BDU's, but only lasted 2 h under the same severe heat when wearing MOPP-IV. Acuity and phoria were significantly impaired by the drug in the BDU conditions. Acuity, phoria and stereopsis were all significantly impaired by heat, drug and continued exposure under MOPP-IV. Acuity was significantly impaired by drug even during the first 2 h of heat exposure in MOPP-IV. Contrast sensitivity was impaired mainly by continued heat exposure in MOPP-IV.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760-5007.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kobrick
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McMenemy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000931:Antidotes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002618:Chemical Warfare; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000187:drug effects; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D005739:Gas Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008297:Male; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011481:Protective Clothing; D013997:Time Factors; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds; D001285:Atropine; C028797:pralidoxime