title: Blood pressure and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in black adults with sickle cell trait or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
abstract: In this study, we examined the relationship of two common genetic markers in black populations, sickle cell trait and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, to cardiovascular risk factors. The subjects were Nigerian civil servants in Benin City, Nigeria. We measured blood pressure, height, weight, sickle cell hemoglobin, G-6-PD, proteinuria, microalbuminuria and fasting serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides, apoprotein (APO) AI, and APO B. Data were collected on age, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, job status, and years lived in an urban area. There were 257 males (3 SS hemoglobin, 73 AS, 181 AA) and 69 females (23 AS, 46 AA). In comparing cardiovascular risk factors, males differed only in percent of smokers (31.5 in AS vs. 17.8 in AA, P less than 0.01). Among females, only high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol differed (61.5 mg/dl in AS vs. 52.4 in AA, P less than 0.01). We hypothesize that females with sickle cell trait are more likely to use oral contraceptives than nontrait females. If so, the high-estrogen oral contraceptives available in Nigeria could elevate HDL. G-6-PD deficiency status among males (52 deficient, 207 nondeficient) and females (1 deficient, 5 carriers, 65 nondeficient) was not related to any of the cardiovascular risk factors. We conclude that sickle cell hemoglobin trait and G-6-PD deficiency are not useful genetic markers for risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Nwankwo
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bunker
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ukoli
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Omene
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Vergis
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kuller
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications*; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005955:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria; D011507:Proteinuria; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012805:Sickle Cell Trait / Q000150:complications*; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins