title: Vesicoureteral reflux in children: endoscopic treatment.
abstract: Endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux in children has been increasingly used in the last years with encouraging results. During a 4-year period 152 children were treated by endoscopic injection of Teflon. A follow-up, ranging from 3 months to 5 years, was available for 173 refluxing ureters. For primary reflux, correction was observed after a single injection in 87% of the cases and in 93% after a second injection in some failures. In duplication, the technique is somewhat more difficult but the results quite satisfactory with 58% success after one injection, increasing to 74% after a second injection. The limitations of these techniques are underlined, the major concern being the safety of the injectable Teflon particles, eliciting a foreign-body granulomatous reaction with the potential hazard of distant migration. So far no long-term morbidity and complications have been observed with the use of Teflon to correct reflux. Extensive pathological study in 7 children submitted to ureteral reimplantation for failure of endoscopic correction showed a typical encapsulated granulomatous reaction below the intramural ureter, but particles of Teflon were noted in only one hypogastric ganglion when the Teflon was injected outside of the bladder. There is a need for finding an ideal substance for endoscopic injection, preferably prepared from the patient's own tissue allowing simple and safe correction of vesicoureteral reflux in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Radiology, Erasme University Hospital, Belgium.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Schulman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pamart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Avni
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013997:Time Factors; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene