title: The perceptual buildup of three-dimensional structure from motion.
abstract: We present a set of psychophysical experiments that measure the accuracy of perceived three-dimensional (3-D) structure derived from relative motion in the changing two-dimensional image. The experiments are motivated in part by a computational model proposed by Ullman (1984), called the incremental rigidity scheme, in which an accurate 3-D structure is built up incrementally, by considering images of moving objects over an extended time period. Our main conclusions are: First, the human visual system can derive an accurate model of the relative depths of moving points, even in the presence of noise in their image positions; second, the accuracy of the 3-D model improves with time, eventually reaching a plateau; and third, the 3-D structure currently perceived appears to depend on previous 3-D models. Through computer simulations, we relate the results of our psychophysical experiments with the predictions of Ullman's model.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Hildreth
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Grzywacz
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Adelson
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Inada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003867:Depth Perception; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007088:Illusions; D008297:Male; D009039:Motion Perception; D009903:Optical Illusions; D009949:Orientation; D011601:Psychophysics