title: [Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on aztreonam in neonates].
abstract: Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on aztreonam (AZT) were performed in neonates. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion of AZT were determined in 12 neonates with ages between 0 and 7 days (birth weights were between 1,260 and 3,500 g) upon intravenous injection or 1 hour drip intravenous infusion of AZT at 20 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of AZT at 1 hour after i.v. administration were 54.0 +/- 12.5 micrograms/ml, and half-lives were 6.01 +/- 0.70 hours. Serum concentrations of AZT reached their peaks at the end of drip infusion with levels of 42.1 +/- 17.6 micrograms/ml in the d.i.v. group and half-lives were 6.40 +/- 1.88 hours. Urinary recovery rates in the first 12 hours after administration were 28.5 +/- 6.4% for the i.v. group and 32.3 +/- 13.9% for the d.i.v. group. AZT was administered to 12 neonatal patients (2 cases of sepsis, 2 cases of suspected sepsis, 3 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of urinary tract infection and 3 cases for prophylaxis), and clinical effectiveness, bacteriological efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated. Clinical efficacies in 9 cases except 3 cases with prophylactic use were excellent in 1 case, good in 5 cases, fair in 1 case, poor in 1 case and unknown in 1 case, thus the efficacy rate was 75%. Bacteriological effects in 3 strains with Gram-negative bacilli were eradicated in 2 strains and unchanged in 1 strain, hence the bacteriological eradication rate was 66.7%. Increased GOT and GPT were observed in 1 cases as abnormal laboratory test results, but the abnormality was not serious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mie University.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inamochi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D001398:Aztreonam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001398:Aztreonam