title: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in children.
abstract: The purpose of this paper is to study the use of upper gastrointestinal (Gl) fiberoptic endoscopy in children. Two hundred consecutive patients referred to one of the authors were reviewed. The indications for performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in these 200 patients were: (1) recurrent abdominal pain (46.5%), (2) persistent vomiting (14.5%), (3) haematemesis (14.5%), (4) acute abdominal pain (13%) and (5) other indications such as foreign body removal, failure to thrive and unexplained chest pain (11.5%). The endoscopy was performed with the Olympus P3 or Olympus XP-10 gastroscopes. The sedation used was a combination of intravenous pethidine (2mg/kg) and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg). Among the patients with recurrent abdominal pain, upper Gl endoscopy showed duodenal ulcer in 7 patients (7.5%), duodenitis in 4 (4.3%), oesophagitis in 4 (4.3%) and gastric ulcer in 2 (2.2%). The rest of the patients were normal (81.7%). With regard to persistent vomiting, 37.9% of the patients showed gastroesophageal reflux and 6.9% had a hiatus hernia. Of 29 patients examined endoscopically for upper Gl bleeding, no focus of bleeding was identified in 27.6%. The remaining 72.4% were bleeding from acute gastric erosion (27.6%), oesophagitis (17.2%), oesophageal varices (13.8%), duodenal ulcer (10.3%) and Mallory-Weiss tear (3.5%). The Majority of the patients with acute abdominal pain were normal endoscopically (61.5%). The two common abnormal findings were acute gastritis (27.0%) and acute duodenitis (11.5%). No major complications were encountered during the procedure in these 200 patients. It was concluded that upper Gl endoscopy is useful for defining upper Gl mucosal pathology. The procedure can be performed safely in children under sedation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, National University Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Quak
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Low
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004724:Endoscopy; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies