title: Control of defecation in patients with spinal injuries by stimulation of sacral anterior nerve roots.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effects of stimulation of the sacral anterior roots on anorectal and low colonic pressures and to programme implanted stimulators to produce defecation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of 12 consecutive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spinal injuries unit and university gastrointestinal physiology department.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 Patients with complete supraconal spinal cord lesions. Their injuries had been sustained at least two years before the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Brindley-Finetech intradural sacral anterior root stimulator was implanted in all patients. Three months postoperatively the stimulator settings were adjusted after measurement of simultaneous anorectal and low colonic pressures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full defecation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients achieved complete rectal evacuation of faeces using the implant and subsequently did not require manual help for defecation. For all but one of the patients the total time taken to complete defecation was reduced, and all were free from constipation, the most prevalent gastrointestinal symptom in patients with spinal injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sacral anterior root stimulators can be programmed to achieve complete unassisted defecation and can considerably improve the quality of life of patients with spinal injuries.
authors.affiliation: Spinal Injuries Unit, Lodge Moor Hospital, Sheffield.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: MacDonagh
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smallwood
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Read
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003106:Colon / Q000502:physiology; D003248:Constipation / Q000517:prevention & control; D003672:Defecation / Q000502:physiology*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012007:Rectum / Q000502:physiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000503:physiopathology*