title: Orthogonal arrays are absent from the membranes of human glioblastomatous tissues.
abstract: Human astrocytic gliomas were studied with the freeze fracture technique. Orthogonal arrays of particles were noted in the plasma membranes of low-grade astrocytoma tissues. However, no such arrays were found in the plasma membranes of anaplastic glioma or glioblastoma tissues. Gap junctions were rarely seen in the membranes of these higher-grade gliomas; when seen, they consisted of relatively few particles in poorly organized plaques. These plasma membranes were dominated by randomly distributed single particles. These findings constitute aspects of the loss of differentiation in these malignant tumors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Diego, Calif.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.forename: U H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Sang
mesh_terms: D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005614:Freeze Fracturing; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods