title: [Intramuscularly administered non-opiate anesthesia in dogs. A report on the use of ketamine/xylazine, tiletamine/zolazepam, ketamine/midazolam and metomidine].
abstract: In the present paper, findings on the use of ketamine/xylazine, ketamine/midazolam, tiletamine/zolazepam, and medetomidine following intramuscular injection in dogs are reported. The combined use of ketamine/xylazine induced anaesthesia, the duration of which was thirty minutes. Untoward side-effects were not observed. Administration of tiletamine/zolazepam failed to induce a surgical level of anaesthesia. Recovery was prolonged. In this group, five out of the ten dogs showed signs of post-anaesthetic muscle spasms. Neither the combination ketamine/midazolam nor medetomidine induced a surgical level of anaesthesia. Post-anesthetic muscle spasms were a frequently observed side-effect when the combination ketamine/midazolam was administered. The use of medetomidine resulted in a qualitatively satisfactory and prolonged sedation.
authors.affiliation: Vakgroep Geneeskunde van Gezelschapsdieren, Faculteit Diergeneeskunde, Utrecht.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hellebrekers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sap
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: van Wandelen
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013992:Tiletamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015041:Zolazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007093:Imidazoles; D014991:Xylazine; D013992:Tiletamine; D007649:Ketamine; D015041:Zolazepam; D020926:Medetomidine; D008874:Midazolam
vernacular_title: Intramusculair toegediende non-opiaat anesthesie bij de hond. Een rapportage over het gebruik van ketamine/xylazine, tiletamine/zolazepam, ketamine/midazolam en medetomidine.