title: Respiratory failure elicited by streptococcal septicaemia in patients treated with cytosine arabinoside, and its prevention by penicillin.
abstract: In order to prevent septicaemia with streptococci, 20 consecutive selectively decontaminated patients on intermediate high-dose Ara-C treatment for malignant haematological diseases were given penicillin G. The incidence of infection with streptococci decreased from 0.76 per episode (14 patients, 17 episodes) for controls who did not receive penicillin G to 0.11 per episode in the prophylaxis group (20 patients, 26 episodes). Simultaneously, a decrease in the incidence of respiratory failure was observed, i.e. 0.52 per episode for controls and 0.19 per episode for patients on penicillin G. The results suggest that septicaemia with streptococci triggers the development of noncardiogenic pulmonary oedema in patients with pre-existing damage of the lung due to aggressive cytotoxic treatment. This suggestion is supported by the sequence of events, regarding the occurrence of infection and respiratory failure and the results of measurements of antileukoprotease serum concentrations, a parameter for pulmonary capillary leakage. Taking into account the data in the literature and the results of the present study, the conclusion is drawn that in patients treated with (intermediate) high dose Ara-C, prevention of streptococcal septicaemia is associated with a decrease in the incidence of respiratory failure.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Guiot
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van den Broek
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van der Meer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kramps
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willemze
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Furth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000380:Agranulocytosis / Q000209:etiology; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000150:complications; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D003561:Cytarabine; D010400:Penicillin G