title: Irrigation with 0.06% chlorhexidine in naturally occurring gingivitis. II. 6 months microbiological observations.
abstract: In an examiner blind positive/negative controlled 6-month study, the efficacy of supragingival irrigation with 0.06% chlorhexidine gluconate on the marginal and subgingival microflora in naturally occurring gingivitis was evaluated. The 222 patients enrolled in the study were assigned to one of four groups: Group 1: Once daily irrigation with 300 ml water followed by irrigation with 200 ml 0.06% chlorhexidine gluconate (experimental); Group 2: Twice daily rinsing with 15 ml 0.12% chlorhexidine (positive control); Group 3: Once daily irrigation with 500 ml water (irrigation control) and Group 4: Sodium fluoride dentifrice for normal oral hygiene only (negative control). All groups received the same sodium fluoride dentifrice for tooth brushing. All patients received a supra- and subgingival oral prophylaxis after baseline examination and at the end of the investigation. Plaque samples were analyzed from 105 patients at baseline, 93 patients at 3 months and 88 patients at 6 months. The 6-months results demonstrated that, when compared with tooth brushing alone, adjunctive supragingival irrigation with 0.06% chlorhexidine gluconate was most effective by significantly reducing (P less than or equal to 0.008) both log10 CFU and % of Gram-negative anaerobic rods and black-pigmented Bacteroides. Chlorhexidine rinse also significantly (P less than or equal to 0.008) reduced log10 CFU of black-pigmented Bacteroides at 6 months. Both chlorhexidine regimens significantly (P less than or equal to 0.008) increased the % of Gram-positive facultative cocci compared to water irrigation at 3 months. Water irrigation had a limited effect on any of the assessed bacterial groups (log10 CFU and %).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Section of Periodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Flemmig
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nachnani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calsina
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Camargo
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bakdash
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003802:Dentifrices; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology; D005888:Gingival Pocket / Q000473:pathology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation
chemical_list: D003802:Dentifrices; D009067:Mouthwashes; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D002710:Chlorhexidine