title: Hierarchic and cooperative binding of the rat liver nuclear protein C/EBP at the hepatitis B virus enhancer.
abstract: We used the enhancer-binding protein C/EBP as a model to study the nature and the complexity of interaction of an enhancer-binding protein with its target DNA. We found that bacterially expressed C/EBP binds the hepatitis B virus enhancer at multiple sites in a hierarchic and cooperative manner. At low concentrations, only the E element is occupied, but at higher concentrations, additional sites are filled including a site that binds EP, a crucial enhancer-activating protein. This pattern of C/EBP binding may explain the concentration-dependent effect of C/EBP on enhancer activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dikstein
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Faktor
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shaul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics*; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D014157:Transcription Factors