title: Lead and cadmium levels in violent criminals.
abstract: Two groups of violent incarcerated male criminals and 30 nonviolent criminals were compared for element content of hair by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Groups did not differ in age, socioeconomic status, or months institutionalized. The groups did differ significantly in lead and cadmium levels. The importance of cadmium in affecting reactivity to stimuli is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec.
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Pihl
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ervin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects; D002104:Cadmium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002105:Cadmium Poisoning / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D014754:Violence
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead