title: Transendoscopic contact neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser correction of epiglottic entrapment in standing horses.
abstract: Fifty-seven Standardbred and 44 Thoroughbred racehorses and 1 Thoroughbred polo mare with primary clinical signs of exercise intolerance or respiratory tract noise or combined exercise intolerance and respiratory tract noise were referred for laser correction of epiglottic entrapment. Significantly (P less than 0.001) more Standardbred than Thoroughbred racehorses were affected, compared with the observed hospital population during the same period. At referral, 14 horses did not have evident epiglottic entrapment and were returned to exercise without development of entrapment after treatment, which consisted of 1 week of rest and administration of anti-inflammatory medication. In 88 standing horses under sedation and topical anesthesia, epiglottic entrapment was corrected transendoscopically by use of a contact neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser. In these 88 horses, 98% of entrapments were persistent, 92% were thick, 97% were wide, and 45% were ulcerated. Thirty-one percent of the horses had endoscopic evidence of epiglottic hypoplasia, and 8% had deviated epiglottic axis. Complete correction was achieved in 97% of the horses, Persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate in 1 horse and severe epiglottic hypoplasia with thick, chronic entrapping membranes in 2 horses precluded successful transendoscopic correction with the horses in standing position. Most horses were treated on an outpatient basis, and all were able to be returned to exercise after 7 to 14 days of rest and treatment with anti-inflammatory medication. Entrapment recurred in 4 horses (5%), 3 of which had hypoplastic epiglottis. Dorsal displacement of the soft palate developed after surgery in 9 horses (10%) and continued in 4 horses (5%) that had displaced soft palate before surgery. All these horses had epiglottic hypoplasia. Laser correction of epiglottic entrapment in standing horses was safe, well tolerated, and effective. Laser surgery was an alternative to conventional surgery, and eliminated the need for general anesthesia and laryngotomy. It also reduced convalescence and postoperative complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Tulleners
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D004825:Epiglottis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000662:veterinary; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D012008:Recurrence