title: Thermostable alanine dehydrogenase from thermophilic Bacillus sphaericus DSM 462. Purification, characterization and kinetic mechanism.
abstract: Alanine dehydrogenase (L-alanine: NAD+ oxidoreductase, deaminating) was simply purified to homogeneity from a thermophile, Bacillus sphaericus DSM 462, by ammonium sulfate fractionation, red-Sepharose 4B chromatography and preparative slab gel electrophoresis. The enzyme had a molecular mass of about 230 kDa and consisted of six subunits with an identical molecular mass of 38 kDa. The enzyme was much more thermostable than that from a mesophile, B. sphaericus, and retained its full activity upon heating at 75 degrees C for at least 60 min and with incubation in pH 5.5-9.5 at 75 degrees C for 10 min. The enzyme can be stored without loss of its activity in a frozen state (-20 degrees C, at pH 7.2) for over 5 months. The optimum pH for the L-alanine deamination and pyruvate amination were around 10.5 and 8.2, respectively. The enzyme exclusively catalyzed the oxidative deamination of L-alanine in the presence of NAD+, but showed low amino acceptor specificity; hydroxypyruvate, oxaloacetate, 2-oxobutyrate and 3-fluoropyruvate are also aminated as well as pyruvate in the presence of NADH and ammonia. Initial velocity and product inhibition studies showed that the reductive amination proceeded through a sequential mechanism containing partially random binding. NADH binds first to the enzyme, and then pyruvate and ammonia bind in a random fashion. The products are sequentially released from the enzyme in the order L-alanine then NAD+. A dead-end inhibition by the formation of an abortive ternary complex which consists of the enzyme, NAD+ and pyruvate was included in the reaction. A possible role of the dead-end inhibition is to prevent the enzyme from functioning in the L-alanine synthesis. The Michaelis constants for the substrates were as follows: NADH, 0.10 mM; pyruvate, 0.50 mM; ammonia, 38.0 mM; L-alanine, 10.5 mM and NAD+, 0.26 mM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University of Education, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakane
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soda
mesh_terms: D050788:Alanine Dehydrogenase; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D001407:Bacillus / Q000201:enzymology*; D002845:Chromatography; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D005590:Fractional Precipitation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009243:NAD / Q000494:pharmacology; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D009243:NAD; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D050788:Alanine Dehydrogenase