title: Medical correlates of urinary incontinence in the elderly.
abstract: A probability sample of noninstitutionalized elderly people in Washtenaw County, Michigan, was interviewed to determine the relationship between urinary incontinence and various health conditions. The results show that between both male and female respondents physical mobility problems, specific neurologic symptoms, lower urinary tract problems, bowel problems, respiratory problems, and history of genital surgery are more prevalent among those who are incontinent than among those who are continent. Additional factors associated with incontinence in females are: history of parent and sibling incontinence, incontinence either during pregnancy or postpartum, hearing problems, use of female hormones, and vaginal infections. Incontinence among males is associated with vision problems and a history of and symptoms of cardiovascular disease. These findings suggest urinary incontinence is part of a complex and multifactorial problem. Further studies are needed to confirm and explain these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Diokno
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bromberg
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000150:complications; D006547:Hernia / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D015995:Prevalence; D012008:Recurrence; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000150:complications; D012737:Sex Factors; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000150:complications