Differences in cathepsin B + L and calcium-dependent protease activities among breed type and their relationship to beef tenderness.
Activities of acidic proteases (cathepsin B + L) and neutral, calcium-dependent proteases (CDP) were quantified to determine whether differences in proteolytic activity could explain differences in meat tenderness among breed types. Steers (n = 32) of known percentage Angus (A) and Brahman (B) breeding were used to establish differences in meat tenderness (A; 3/4A-1/4B; 1/2A-1/2B; 1/4A-3/4B). Samples were removed from the longissimus muscle within 1 h postmortem and within 2 h were frozen for subsequent determination of cathepsin B + L, CDP-I, CDP-II and CDP-inhibitor activities. Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) was assessed after 1, 5 and 10 d of postmortem aging. Taste panel evaluations, conducted on steaks that were subjected to 5 d of aging, detected no differences. At d 1, WBS did not differ among breed types; however, by d 10 of aging, steaks from Angus steers were more tender (P less than .05) than steaks from 1/2B and 3/4B steers. The Angus and 1/4B steaks had significantly more (P less than .05) cathepsin B + L activity than the 3/4B. The CDP had no relationship with WBS; however, CDP-inhibitor was positively related to d-1 WBS (r = .41, P less than .05). Cathepsin B + L activity was negatively related to WBS at d 10 (r = -.44, P less than .05). These data suggest that differences in meat tenderness among breed types may be explained partially by differences in proteolytic enzyme activity.
Dept. of Anim. Sci., University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583.
M H
MH
Johnson
C R
CR
Calkins
R D
RD
Huffman
D D
DD
Johnson
D D
DD
Hargrove
D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002401:Cathepsin B / Q000378:metabolism*; D056668:Cathepsin L; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010450:Endopeptidases; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology*
D002403:Cathepsins; D010450:Endopeptidases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D002401:Cathepsin B; D056668:Cathepsin L