Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins.
A panel of antigen-specific mouse helper T cell clones was characterized according to patterns of lymphokine activity production, and two types of T cell were distinguished. Type 1 T helper cells (TH1) produced IL 2, interferon-gamma, GM-CSF, and IL 3 in response to antigen + presenting cells or to Con A, whereas type 2 helper T cells (TH2) produced IL 3, BSF1, and two other activities unique to the TH2 subset, a mast cell growth factor distinct from IL 3 and a T cell growth factor distinct from IL 2. Clones representing each type of T cell were characterized, and the pattern of lymphokine activities was consistent within each set. The secreted proteins induced by Con A were analyzed by biosynthetic labeling and SDS gel electrophoresis, and significant differences were seen between the two groups of T cell line. Both types of T cell grew in response to alternating cycles of antigen stimulation, followed by growth in IL 2-containing medium. Examples of both types of T cell were also specific for or restricted by the I region of the MHC, and the surface marker phenotype of the majority of both types was Ly-1+, Lyt-2-, L3T4+, Both types of helper T cell could provide help for B cells, but the nature of the help differed. TH1 cells were found among examples of T cell clones specific for chicken RBC and mouse alloantigens. TH2 cells were found among clones specific for mouse alloantigens, fowl gamma-globulin, and KLH. The relationship between these two types of T cells and previously described subsets of T helper cells is discussed.
T R
TR
Mosmann
H
H
Cherwinski
M W
MW
Bond
M A
MA
Giedlin
R L
RL
Coffman
D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003124:Colorimetry; D000939:Epitopes / Q000032:analysis; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007377:Interleukin-3; D015847:Interleukin-4; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000145:classification* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles
D000954:Antigens, Surface; D000939:Epitopes; D006133:Growth Substances; D007376:Interleukin-2; D007377:Interleukin-3; D008222:Lymphokines; D011506:Proteins; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma