Duration of muscle activity during standing in normally and slowly developing children.
Research in motor control indicates that there are fixed patterns of activity which occur in certain muscle groups involved in standing in adults. The purpose of this study was to assess patterns of duration of muscle activity during quiet standing with and without superimposed arm movement in young children with normal and delayed motor development. Thirty-three children 4, 6, 8 and 10 years of age were screened for level of motor development and classified as either normally or slowly developing. Children performed two tasks: standing and standing with a superimposed 90 degree shoulder abduction movement. Using surface electrodes, EMG activity was monitored in Gastrocnemius, Tibialis Anterior and Erector Spinae muscle groups. The percentage of time activity was present in individual muscle groups was analyzed as a function of age and developmental level. Results indicated that quiet standing in children with delayed motor development was characterized by greater duration of activity in trunk than in leg muscles while in normal children, there was a more equal distribution of muscle activity between the legs and trunk. Both groups of children accommodated superimposed arm movement by increasing the percentage of time Erector Spinae activity was present. Patterns of duration of muscle activity in the legs were, however, different for the two groups of children.
H G
HG
Williams
B
B
McClenaghan
D S
DS
Ward
D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture; D011434:Proprioception