The generation and regeneration of oligodendroglia. A short review.
During postnatal development of the higher vertebrate CNS, large populations of oligodendroglia are generated from precursor cells in a very dependable way. In adult lesioned CNS tissues, local populations of oligodendroglia are replenished by proliferation of this replenishment varies from one species to another and also from one lesion type another. Studies on the developmental generation of oligodendroglia are reviewed here, delineating what is known of the early relationships between the CNS glial lineages and of what regulates this development. Contributions from recent cell biological work are considered against the background of morphological and radioautographic results. The quiescent condition of extremely slow turnover in the normal adult CNS is noted, and the dramatic effects of lesions on the neural cell environment are considered. Lesions can trigger proliferation at a much greater rate in the mature oligodendroglial population, as observed both in situ and in tissue culture; in addition to persisting stem cells, the mature cells participate in replenishing the local oligodendroglial population. This regeneration from cells already committed to the oligodendroglial lineage may minimise such disturbing effects of the lesion environment as might distort replenishment of the population from precursor cells.
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D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002469:Cell Separation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000254:growth & development; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000032:analysis; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008818:Mice, Neurologic Mutants; D008938:Mitosis; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000032:analysis; D009185:Myelin Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000502:physiology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats
D005699:Galactosylceramides; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007328:Insulin; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D009185:Myelin Proteins; C028312:Wolfgram proteins; C002454:galactocerebroside; D005947:Glucose