Alcohol-related cancers in Mediterranean countries.
In most countries bordering the Mediterranean, alcohol ranks second to tobacco as a risk factor for cancer. It is directly implicated in cancer of the mouth, larynx, hypopharynx and esophagus. For all these cancers a dose-response relationship has been demonstrated as well as a combination with the effect of tobacco, the two effects being multiplicative. Alcohol is also responsible for liver cancer developing on alcoholic cirrhosis. In addition, it has been suggested that alcohol consumption may be related to an increased risk of breast cancer.
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D015022:Yugoslavia / Q000453:epidemiology