Synergistic effects of synthetic adjuvants on the humoral immune response.
The effect of combinations of adjuvants on the humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as antigen was investigated. Adjuvants belonging to two categories differing in physicochemical properties were used: surfactants (N,N-dioctadecyl-N',N'-bis-(2-hydroyethyl)propanediamine (CP-20,961), dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), neutrally charged liposomes, polyol (L 101 and L 121) and polyanions [dextran sulfate (DXS), liquoid and suramine]. All adjuvants but suramine augmented humoral responses to 2 X 10(7) SRBC measured by the number of direct anti-SRBC plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleen. The response to 2 X 10(6) SRBC was enhanced considerably by L 121 and DXS but hardly or not at all by the other adjuvants. Combinations of two adjuvants were made at distinct ratios (1:3, 2:2, and 3:1) and injected intraperitoneally with 2 X 10(6) SRBC. Low responses (5 X 10(3) PFC per spleen) were induced by combinations of liquoid or suramine with DDA or DXS, and by combinations of CP-20,961, liposomes, L 101 or L 121 with DDA. Combinations of the surfactants DDA, CP-20,961, liposomes, L 101 or L 121 with DXS evoked responses which were significantly higher than the sum of responses supported by the single adjuvants. Ratios of 1:3 or 2:2 (surfactant: DXS) resulted in the most effective combinations. The data obtained suggest that only adjuvants derived from two different physicochemical groups are able to act synergistically.
L A
LA
Hilgers
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Snippe
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Jansze
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JM
Willers
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D003911:Dextrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003959:Diamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011074:Polyanetholesulfonate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D003911:Dextrans; D003959:Diamines; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C015831:dimethyldioctadecylammonium; D011074:Polyanetholesulfonate; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; C006270:avridine