Stimulation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate production enhances hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release without increasing prostaglandin E2 synthesis: studies in prepubertal female rats.
A role for cAMP in the process of LHRH release was suggested several years ago, but only recently has the validity of this notion come under close scrutiny. In the present experiments we have used three probes, which stimulate adenylate cyclase activity via different mechanisms, to determine whether an increase in endogenous cAMP results in LHRH release from the hypothalamus of prepubertal female rats. Median eminences from juvenile, 28-day-old animals were incubated in vitro with either forskolin (F), cholera toxin (CT), or pertussis toxin (PT). All three substances enhanced LHRH release. The estimated ED50 values were 28.7 microM and 20.0 ng/ml, for F and PT, respectively. The effect of CT appeared biphasic and thus no ED50 could be calculated. None of these agents increased the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an obligatory component in the process of norepinephrine-induced LHRH secretion. Doses of PGE2 and F, which were maximally effective in stimulating LHRH release when administered separately, did not produce any further response when administered concomitantly, thus suggesting that PGE2 and F act along a common pathway. Blockade of phosphodiesterase activity with 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine increased LHRH secretion without enhancing PGE2 release, implying that cAMP metabolism was elevated in the median eminence nerve terminals in vitro. Addition of 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine augmented the LHRH response to CT and PT, but it did not increase further the already marked LHRH response to PGE2 or F. The results indicate that both an increase in adenylate cyclase activity and a decrease in phosphodiesterase activity lead to LHRH release from the median eminence. They also suggest that, upon proper (neurotransmitter?) stimulation, cAMP production increases subsequent to the activation in PGE2 synthesis, which itself causes LHRH release. Furthermore, the capacity of PT to induce LHRH release suggests the involvement of an inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein in transducing inhibitory inputs impinging on LHRH-secreting neurons.
S R
SR
Ojeda
H F
HF
Urbanski
K H
KH
Katz
M E
ME
Costa
D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015232:Dinoprostone; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008473:Median Eminence / Q000187:drug effects; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D011458:Prostaglandins E / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella
D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004224:Diterpenes; D011458:Prostaglandins E; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D005576:Colforsin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D015232:Dinoprostone; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine