Isolation, identification and bacterial mutagenicity of 2-nitro-9-fluorenone from diesel-exhaust particle extracts.
Organic extracts of diesel-exhaust particles show direct mutagenic activity in the Salmonella typhimurium bacterial mutagenicity assay. Nitro-aromatic compounds are believed to be responsible for part of the mutagenicity. A previously unidentified polyfunctional nitro-aromatic compound, 2-nitro-9-fluorenone (2N-Fone) was isolated from diesel-exhaust particles using a two-step fractionation scheme consisting of Sephadex LH20 chromatography and silica-gel thin-layer chromatography. Positive identification was by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy and coelution with an authentic standard. Direct and indirect mutagenicities of 2N-Fone in several bacterial strains were also determined. The results indicated that 2N-Fone produces 60-70 rev/nmole of direct mutagenic activity, and is about 1/5 to 1/10 as mutagenic as 1-nitropyrene.
W E
WE
Bechtold
T R
TR
Henderson
A L
AL
Brooks
D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
D005449:Fluorenes; D009153:Mutagens; D011721:Pyrenes; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; C047878:2-nitro-9-fluorenone; C032668:1-nitropyrene