Impact of captopril on hemodynamic and hormonal effects of nitroprusside.
The impact of oral captopril, 2 mg . kg-1, on the dose and on the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of nitroprusside was studied in seven patients (Group II). A comparable group (Group I, n = 7) received nitroprusside alone. In both groups, nitroprusside produced comparable decreases in mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and right atrial pressure; cardiac output increased because of a significant change in heart rate. Although plasma renin activity increased significantly (compared with control values) in both groups, it was greater (p = 0.01) through the operative period in patients pretreated with captopril. Plasma aldosterone concentration increased in Group I (p = 0.01) but decreased in Group II (p = 0.01). Plasma catecholamine concentrations increased (p = 0.01) with nitroprusside alone but were unchanged in captopril-treated patients. Plasma converting enzyme activity was markedly inhibited (p = 0.001) by captopril. Following cessation of nitroprusside infusion in Group I, rebound hypertension occurred in conjunction with a significant (p = 0.01) increase in systemic vascular resistance; it was associated with elevated plasma renin activity, catecholamines, and aldosterone concentrations. In contrast, captopril-treated patients showed no rebound hemodynamic changes. Nitroprusside dose was less (p = 0.01) with captopril pretreatment (2.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.8 +/- 0.9 microgram . kg-1 . min-1). Thus, captopril is a useful adjunct to nitroprusside-induced hypotension.
Fahmy
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D000328:Adult; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002216:Captopril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005292:Ferricyanides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors
D005292:Ferricyanides; D006728:Hormones; D009599:Nitroprusside; D000450:Aldosterone; D002216:Captopril; D012083:Renin; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine