Treatment of refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults with high dose cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone (HAM).
In a clinical phase II study the combination of high dose cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone (HAM) was applied to 24 patients with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). All patients had received a standardized first line treatment and were considered refractory against conventional chemotherapy as defined by nonresponse to induction treatment (n = 8), nonresponse to an alternative salvage regimen at first relapse (n = 9), second and third relapses (n = 5) and relapse after bone marrow transplantation (n = 2). Therapy consisted of HD-araC 3 g/m2 q 12 hr days 1-4 and mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2/d days 2-5 or 2-6. Twelve of the 24 patients (50%) achieved a complete remission (CR), one patient had a partial remission, and five patients were nonresponders. Five patients died in aplasia due to infections, one additional patient succumbed to HD-araC related CNS toxicity. Nonhematologic side effects consisted predominantly in infection, nausea and vomiting, mucositis and diarrhea. Recovery of blood counts occurred at a median of 28 days from the onset of treatment; the median time to CR was 33 days. Three of the 12 responders underwent subsequent bone marrow transplantations and one is alive disease free at 40+ months. The median remission duration for the remaining nine patients is 3.5 months, with one case in ongoing CCR at 36+ months; the median survival time is 5 months. Considering the selection of a highly unfavorable group of patients, these data demonstrate a significant antileukemic activity of HAM in refractory ALL and support its application as consolidation treatment during first line ALL therapy.
Hiddemann
W
W
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Münster, F.R.G.
Büchner
T
T
Heil
G
G
Schumacher
K
K
Diedrich
H
H
Maschmeyer
G
G
Ho
A D
AD
Planker
M
M
Gerith-Stolzenburg
S
S
Donhuijsen-Ant
R
R
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012074:Remission Induction; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
D003561:Cytarabine; D008942:Mitoxantrone