Isoelectric focusing in low-denaturing media: visualization in renal disease of variation of the isoelectric point of albumin not related to a remarkable conformational variation.
The isoelectric properties of serum and urinary albumin from normal subjects and patients with nephrotic syndrome have been investigated in various conditions of denaturation, obtained by using urea (0-8 M) as a support in isoelectric focusing. In normal human serum, albumin is rather acidic (pI = 4.7) when focused in glycerol while the denatured form obtained by exposing the protein to 8 M urea has a much higher pI (6.1). Albumin from nephrotic patients is acidic in glycerol but at very low levels of urea (2M) it shifts from pI 4.7 to pI 6.1; the same effect has been induced by treating albumin with activated charcoal at low pH. In order to obtain more information on urea-induced changes, we have recorded the circular dichroic spectra of albumin when exposed to the concentration of urea used in gels, and we found that no conformational transition occurs for urea concentrations less than 5 M. Taken together, these observations reveal that variation of the pI of albumin in nephrotic syndrome occurs mainly due to a dissociating effect of urea on charged substances bound to this protein.
G
G
Candiano
G M
GM
Ghiggeri
G
G
Delfino
C
C
Queirolo
G
G
Vecchio
D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis*; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000378:metabolism; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D006801:Humans; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D013194:Staining and Labeling
D000418:Albumins; D012709:Serum Albumin