title: Ca2+-activated synexin forms highly selective, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in phosphatidylserine bilayer membranes.
abstract: Synexin, a cytosolic protein that mediates Ca2+-dependent membrane fusion, was incorporated into acidic phospholipid bilayers, formed at the tip of a patch pipet. The pipet was filled with a high-Ca2+ solution (50 mM) and immersed in a chamber containing a low-Ca2+ solution (1 mM). Brief exposures of the bilayer to synexin increased the capacitance of the bilayer by a factor of 10 and decreased the membrane resistance by a factor of 20. Reduction of Ca2+ in the chamber to 1 microM caused an abrupt increase in the current required to hold the pipet potential at 0 mV. Under certain conditions channel events could be detected, often occurring in bursts. Consistently, open-time histograms were found to be voltage-dependent and to exhibit one time constant in the time range examined here. The slope conductance for the synexin channel was estimated as 10.2 +/- 2.1 pS for the large Ca2+ gradient with low chamber Ca2+. However, for symmetrical, low-Cl- solutions containing 25 mM Ca2+ the conductance was 26.5 +/- 5.2 pS. Ion-replacement studies showed the synexin channel to much prefer Ca2+ over Ba2+ or Mg2+. Cd2+, a potent blocker of other voltage-gated Ca2+ channels at 100 microM, blocked synexin channels only at very high concentrations (greater than or equal to 10 mM). Similarly, nifedipine, an inhibitor of the nonactivating Ca2+ channel, was effective only at extremely high concentrations (greater than 300 microM). The high selectivity for Ca2+ and the lack of response of the channel to various drugs known to block Ca2+ channels thus distinguish the synexin channel from other types of Ca2+ channels hitherto reported.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017310:Annexin A7; D001464:Barium / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000378:metabolism*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017310:Annexin A7; D007473:Ion Channels; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D011506:Proteins; D002104:Cadmium; D001464:Barium; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium