title: Chronotropic response to hyperosmotic solutions of isolated rat atria.
abstract: The changes in spontaneous rate of isolated rat atria in response to increased extracellular osmotic pressure were examined using sucrose, urea and several polyhydroxyalcohols (mannitol, glycerol and ethylene glycol) as test solutes. Sucrose, mannitol and urea induced a fall in atrial rate, which was transient with the last compound. On the other hand, media made hyperosomotic by addition of glycerol or ethylene glycol increased the beating frequency. Sucrose effect was not affected by low extracellular calcium, nifedipine or atropine. Glycerol-induced increase in atrial rate was a calcium-dependent mechanism sensitive to nifedipine. Thus, positive chronotropic effect occurs in the rat atria only with certain diffusible solutes which probably promote calcium entry. The response to pure osmotic change, resulting from changes in concentration of ions within the cell as water moves out, is a negative chronotropic effect.
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D051381:Rats; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D008353:Mannitol; D013395:Sucrose; D009543:Nifedipine; D005990:Glycerol; D002118:Calcium