title: Antipain microinjection prevents progesterone to inhibit adenyl cyclase in Xenopus oocytes.
abstract: Microinjection of antipain, an inhibitor of thiol and Ca2+-dependent proteases, in immature Xenopus oocytes inhibited meiotic maturation induced by progesterone, but not by transfer of cytoplasm taken from maturing oocytes. Oocytes could be released from antipain inhibition by increasing progesterone concentration. alpha-32P-ATP was microinjected to study adenylcyclase in ovo. As already reported, neosynthesis of cAMP was decreased following progesterone application. This decrease was not observed, or it was considerably reduced, in oocytes previously injected with antipain. In amphibian, full-grown ovarian oocytes are arrested at first meiotic prophase, and have a large nucleus known as the germinal vesicle. Progesterone induces the production of a cytoplasmic maturation-promoting factor (MPF), which itself triggers germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), and subsequent events of meiotic maturation (Masui and Markert, 1971; Gerhart et al., 1984). A considerable body of evidences support the view that release from prophase block is due to inactivation of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (reviewed by Maller, 1983). On the other hand, progesterone has been shown to induce a transient decrease in cAMP level (Speaker and Butcher, 1977; Schorderet-Slatkine et al., 1982; Cicirelli et al., 1985), and this initial drop of cAMP, along with a number of studies indicating a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity (Mulner et al., 1979; Baltus et al., 1981; Sadler and Maller, 1981; Finidori-Lepicard et al., 1981; Jordana et al., 1981), provided key support to the theory that an early drop in cAMP led to the dephosphorylation of a hypothetical protein which initiates maturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D000976:Antipain / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008540:Meiosis / Q000187:drug effects; D008845:Microinjections; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; D000976:Antipain; D011374:Progesterone; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine