title: Effects of activation of protein kinase C on the agonist-induced stimulation and inhibition of cyclic AMP formation in intact human platelets.
abstract: Jakobs, Bauer & Watanabe [(1985) Eur. J. Biochem. 151, 425-430] reported that treatment of platelets with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) prevented GTP- and agonist-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase in membranes from the platelets. This was attributed to the phosphorylation of the inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Gi) by protein kinase C. In the present study, the effects of PMA on cyclic [3H]AMP formation and protein phosphorylation were studied in intact human platelets labelled with [3H]adenine and [32P]Pi. Incubation mixtures contained indomethacin to block prostaglandin synthesis, phosphocreatine and creatine kinase to remove ADP released from the platelets, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine to inhibit cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases. Under these conditions, PMA partially inhibited the initial formation of cyclic [3H]AMP induced by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), but later enhanced cyclic [3H]AMP accumulation by blocking the slow decrease in activation of adenylate cyclase that follows addition of PGE1. PMA had more marked and exclusively inhibitory effects on cyclic [3H]AMP formation induced by prostaglandin D2 and also inhibited the action of forskolin. Adrenaline, high thrombin concentrations and, in the absence of phosphocreatine and creatine kinase, ADP inhibited cyclic [3H]AMP formation induced by PGE1. The actions of adrenaline and thrombin were attenuated by PMA, but that of ADP was little affected, suggesting differences in the mechanisms by which these agonists inhibit adenylate cyclase. sn-1,2-Dioctanoylglycerol (diC8) had effects similar to those of PMA. The actions of increasing concentrations of PMA or diC8 on the modulation of cyclic [3H]AMP formation by PGE1 or adrenaline correlated with intracellular protein kinase C activity, as determined by 32P incorporation into the 47 kDa substrate of the enzyme. Parallel increases in phosphorylation of 20 kDa and 39-41 kDa proteins were also observed. Platelet-activating factor, [Arg8]vasopressin and low thrombin concentrations, all of which inhibit adenylate cyclase in isolated platelet membranes, did not affect cyclic [3H]AMP formation in intact platelets. However, the activation of protein kinase C by these agonists was insufficient to account for their failure to inhibit cyclic [3H]AMP formation. Moreover, high thrombin concentrations simultaneously activated protein kinase C and inhibited cyclic [3H]AMP formation. The results show that, in the intact platelet, the predominant effects of activation of protein kinase C on adenylate cyclase activity are inhibitory, suggesting actions additional to inactivation of Gi.
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000527:Alprostadil / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000097:blood*; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015230:Prostaglandin D2; D011457:Prostaglandins D / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000097:blood*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D011457:Prostaglandins D; C044295:1,2-dioctanoylglycerol; D005576:Colforsin; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000527:Alprostadil; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D015230:Prostaglandin D2; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; D004837:Epinephrine