[Polar neutral organic compounds (POCN) in city aerosols. 2. Measuring of emissions from domestic fuel and vehicle exhaust and from immission particles in Berlin (West)].
During April and May 1985, some emission samples from private coal firing (domestic fuel) were taken and were fired with two different kind of coal (bituminous and brown coal). Also, measurements were done under different combustion conditions (low and high concentrations of oxygenium during the combustion process). In June and November 1985, some emission samples from heavy diesel-engines were taken in a special tunnel equipment, at different engine conditions. During September 1985, also suspended particulates in a highway traffic tunnel were taken. All these samples were taken using high volume cascade impactors which give a fractionation of the suspended particulates into different particle sizes, according to their retention behaviour in the human respiratory system. The results of these emission samples and samples in the highway tunnel were compared with prior immission measurements of urban suspended particulates in Berlin-West, during January 1984. The etherextractable organic matter (= EEOM) of the total suspended particulate matter (= TPM) was determined using ultrasonic extraction method. The EEOM was separated into an acidic (= AF), a basic (= BF) and a neutral fraction (= NF) by dissolution in acidic and basic agents. Of the neutral fraction (NF), further separation was done into aliphatic compounds (= AIP), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (= PAH) and polar neutral organic compounds (POCN) by using thin layer chromatography. From the PAH and POCN, single compounds were identified by gas chromatographic analysis with dual capillary collumns and internal standard method. All organic fractions were tested to their mutagenic activity in the Salmonella typhimurium mammalian microsome bioassay by Ames. The following results were gained: the neutral fraction (NF) made the highest part of the EEOM (greater than or equal to 60%) whereas the part of the AF amounted to 10-25% and of the basic fraction (BF) to approximatively 5-20%. Making further separation of the NF, some differences between the emission sources were gained. Now, the AIP amounted to a percentage of ca. 15% of the NF for coal firing emissions and to ca. 20-40% for diesel-emissions and samples in the highway tunnel. The percentages of the PAH and POCN varied in dependence of the combustion conditions on both emission sources and amounted to 20-50% for the PAH and 30-50% for the POCN. The gas chromatographic analysis showed also differences between the two emission sources. So, for coal firing emissions, higher concentrations for phenanthrene, benzo(a)-pyrene and dibenz(a.h)anthracene (for PAH) and 9-fluorenone (for POCN) were gained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001604:Berlin; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003031:Coal / Q000009:adverse effects; D005579:Fossil Fuels / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006361:Heating; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D003031:Coal; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
Polare neutrale organische Verbindungen (POCN) im Stadtaerosol. 2. Mitteilung: Messung der Emissionen von Hausbrand und Kfz. und von Immissionsstäuben in Berlin (West).