title: An adhesion-defective variant of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells fails to differentiate into visceral endoderm.
abstract: Adhesion-defective EC cells were isolated from a population of mutagenized F9 cells by serial transfer of cells that did not adhere to gelatin-coated dishes. The variant cells grew in suspension as multicellular clusters of loosely aggregated cells. The cells adhered to, but did not flatten on, fibroblast monolayers and extracellular matrix produced by parietal-like endoderm. Two different mutant cell lines exhibited increased sensitivity to the lectin abrin and decreased sensitivity to wheat germ agglutinin, suggesting that changes in cell surface glycosylation are associated with the mutant phenotype. These adhesion-defective mutants were used to study the relationship between cell-cell adhesion and endodermal differentiation. Unlike wild-type cells, when cultured with low concentrations of retinoic acid (RA) in suspension culture, the mutant cells did not form embryoid bodies but remained as loosely adhering strings of cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed that most of the differentiated variant cells resembled parietal endoderm, and this was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining for TROMA-3 marker. The levels of some of the markers that characterize the differentiative pathways were examined by immunoprecipitation and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The variant line produced higher levels of laminin and type IV collagen compared to the wild-type cells. alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) was produced at a significantly lower level by the variant compared to wild-type F9 cells during the differentiative process. The results show that variant cells differentiated toward parietal endoderm but have a very much restricted ability to differentiate to visceral endoderm. We conclude that aggregation and/or compaction provide some essential signals during the differentiation of F9 cells into epithelial layers of visceral endoderm.
mesh_terms: D000036:Abrin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D054278:Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells; D004707:Endoderm / Q000166:cytology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007163:Immunosorbent Techniques; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009154:Mutation; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014909:Wheat Germ Agglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D007797:Laminin; D014909:Wheat Germ Agglutinins; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D000036:Abrin; D014212:Tretinoin; D003094:Collagen