title: Extracellular potassium changes in the rat neurohypophysis during activation of the magnocellular neurosecretory system.
abstract: 1. Potassium-sensitive microelectrodes were used to measure extracellular [K+] in the isolated rat neurohypophysis maintained in vitro. Electrical stimulation of the neurohypophysial stalk (20 Hz 5 s) increased the inferred extracellular [K+] by 9.2 +/- 0.4 mM (mean +/- S.E. of mean; n = 21). 2. Veratridine (10 microM) enhanced the response to stalk stimulation, and at a higher concentration (50 microM) increased extracellular [K+] in the absence of stimulation. By contrast, tetrodotoxin (1 microM) blocked the [K+] increase completely and reversibly in each of five experiments, indicating that the increase was a consequence of action potential generation. 3. At the end of brief periods of stimulation, the raised extracellular [K+] returned to pre-stimulation levels within 30 s. In the presence of ouabain (100 microM), the recovery was slower: the half-decay time was extended by 150-300% in each of three experiments. 4. Replacement of calcium in the medium with cobalt, cadmium or magnesium reduced the amplitude of the [K+] increase by 26-30%, indicating that the [K+] increase was largely independent of events subsequent to evoked release of hormone and/or transmitters. 5. Potassium-sensitive microelectrodes were placed in the neurohypophysis of rats anaesthetized with urethane. Electrical stimulation of the pituitary stalk (50 Hz, 5 s) produced transient voltage increases of 7.6 +/- 0.9 mV (mean +/- S.E. of mean of seven experiments). These voltage increases were similar in magnitude to the response of the electrodes to the addition of 7.6 +/- 1.0 mM-K+ to rat plasma. 6. In seven lactating rats, the suckling of a litter of hungry pups evoked periodic reflex milk ejections, as detected by increases in intramammary pressure. Potassium-sensitive microelectrodes in the neurohypophysis recorded transient voltage increases prior to each milk ejection (0.4-5.5 mV). Each increase preceded an increase in intramammary pressure by 12-30 s. 7. Thus synchronized high-frequency activation of magnocellular neurones can produce large changes in extracellular [K+]. The implications of these findings for stimulus-secretion coupling in the neurohypophysis are discussed in the light of previous reports that hormone release from the neurohypophysis is highly dependent on the frequency and pattern of electrical stimulation.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003035:Cobalt / Q000494:pharmacology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000502:physiology; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009489:Neurosecretion / Q000187:drug effects; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology; D010904:Pituitary Gland, Posterior / Q000502:physiology*; D011188:Potassium / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014701:Veratridine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D003035:Cobalt; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D010042:Ouabain; D014701:Veratridine; D011188:Potassium