The ontogeny, structure and function of the human T lymphocyte receptor for antigen and major histocompatibility complex.
Recent studies using cloned antigen-specific T lymphocytes and monoclonal antibodies directed at their various surface glycoprotein components have led to identification of the human T cell antigen receptor as a surface complex comprised of a clonotypic 90 kDa Ti heterodimer and the invariant 20 and 25 kDa T3 molecules. Approximately 30,000-40,000 Ti and T3 molecules exist on the surface of human T lymphocytes. These glycoproteins are acquired and expressed during late thymic ontogeny, thus providing the structural basis for immunological competence. The alpha and beta subunits of Ti bear no precursor-product relationship to one another and are encoded by separate germline V, D, J and C segments which rearrange during intrathymic differentiation to form an active gene set. Triggering of the T3-Ti receptor complex induces a rapid increase in free cytoplasmic Ca2+ and gives rise to specific antigen-induced proliferation through an autocrine pathway involving endogenous interleukin-2 production, release and subsequent binding to interleukin-2 receptors. The implications of these findings for understanding of human T cell growth and its regulation in disease states are discussed.
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D000939:Epitopes; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000939:Epitopes; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell