title: Refractory afferent loop problems: percutaneous transhepatic management of two cases.
abstract: Complications of the afferent loop are traditionally managed only by surgical revision. Transhepatic biliary drainage was used in the palliative treatment of two different afferent loop problems in critically ill patients for whom surgery was unsuccessful. Transcholecystic cholangiography was used to opacify the nondilated bile ducts and proved valuable for the transhepatic biliary catheterization procedure. There were no complications, and both patients showed clinical improvement.
mesh_terms: D000343:Afferent Loop Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization; D002758:Cholangiography; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*