title: Magnetic fields inhibit opioid-mediated 'analgesic' behaviours of the terrestrial snail, Cepaea nemoralis.
abstract: 1. The terrestrial snail, Cepaea nemoralis, when placed on a warmed surface (40 degrees C) displays a thermal avoidance behaviour that entails an elevation of the anterior portion of the fully extended foot. The latency of this nociceptive response was increased by the prototypical mu and specific kappa opiate agonists, morphine and U-50, 488H, respectively, in a manner indicative of anti-nociception and the induction of 'analgesia'. Pretreatment with the prototypical opiate antagonist, naloxone, blocked the morphine- and reduced the U-50, 488H-induced analgesia. Naloxone had no effects on the thermal response latencies of saline treated animals. 2. Exposure to either cold (7 degrees C) or warm (38 degrees C) temperature stress increased the nociceptive thresholds of Cepaea in a manner indicative of the induction of 'stress-induced analgesia'. The warm stress-induced analgesia was opioid mediated, being blocked by naloxone, whereas, the cold stress-induced analgesia was insensitive to naloxone. 3. Exposure for 15-30 min to 0.5 Hz weak rotating magnetic fields (1.5-8.0 G) significantly reduced the analgesic effects of the mu and kappa opiate agonists in a manner similar to that observed with naloxone. The magnetic stimuli also inhibited the endogenous opioid mediated warm stress-induced analgesia and significantly reduced the cold stress-induced analgesia. The magnetic stimuli had no evident effects on the nociceptive responses of saline-treated animals. The dihydropyridine (DHP) and non-DHP calcium channel antagonists diltiazem, verapamil. and nifedipine differentially and significantly reduced, while the DHP calcium channel agonist, BAY K8644, significantly enhanced the inhibitory effects of the magnetic fields on morphine-induced analgesia.
mesh_terms: D019900:3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D008280:Magnetics; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012908:Snails / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D007473:Ion Channels; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D009270:Naloxone; D019900:3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D009020:Morphine; D014700:Verapamil; D004110:Diltiazem; D009543:Nifedipine; D002118:Calcium