title: Growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction.
abstract: The basis for understanding clinical disorders in the neuroregulation of GH secretion is derived from the complexity of the CNS-hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Studies in animals and humans demonstrate an anatomic, physiological and pharmacological evidence for neurosecretory control over GH secretion including neurohormones (GRH, somatostatin), neurotransmitters (dopaminergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, histaminergic, GABAergic), and neuropeptides (gut hormones, opioids, CRH, TRH, etc). The observation of a defect in the neuroregulatory control of GH secretion in CNS-irradiated humans and animals led to the hypothesis of a disorder in neurosecretion, GHND, as a cause for short stature. We speculate that in this heterogeneous group of children a disruption in the neurotransmitter-neurohormonal functional pathway could modify secretion ultimately expressed as poor growth velocity and short stature.
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000502:physiology; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000502:physiology; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000503:physiopathology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D006632:Histamine / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000502:physiology; D009489:Neurosecretion; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000502:physiology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D009479:Neuropeptides; D011453:Prostaglandins; D012701:Serotonin; D013004:Somatostatin; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D006632:Histamine; D013006:Growth Hormone; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; D004298:Dopamine