title: The microscopic diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii. An evaluation of the gram, the methylene blue, and the Ziehl-Neelsen procedures.
abstract: An assessment of the Gram, the Methylene blue, and the Ziehl-Neelsen procedures in diagnosing Pneumocystis carinii has been performed. By using heat and methanol as fixatives and phase-contrast microscopy we found the procedures valuable in detecting the pneumocysts, especially in the Gram staining. The diagnosis should, however, be confirmed by a re-staining with a specific staining, viz. the toluidine blue 0 or the silver impregnation a.m. Gomori-Grocott. It is additionally shown that the staining a.m. Gomori-Grocott is dependent on the density of the preparation.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005404:Fixatives; D005840:Gentian Violet; D006801:Humans; D008751:Methylene Blue; D008853:Microscopy; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D010619:Phenazines; D011010:Pneumocystis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000469:parasitology*; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014048:Tolonium Chloride
chemical_list: D005404:Fixatives; C035863:Gram's stain; D010619:Phenazines; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; C006898:carbol-fuchsin solution; D005840:Gentian Violet; D008751:Methylene Blue