title: Relationship between ionic surroundings and insulin actions on glucose transport and Na,K-pump in muscles.
abstract: 1. It is well known that insulin has various effects on glucose transport and the Na,K-pump in muscles. It is also known to have some effects on the membrane potential--in general, insulin induces a hyperpolarization of the membrane in muscles. Furthermore, it is suggested that the actions of insulin are modified by changes in ionic surroundings. 2. In this review article, the actions of ionic surroundings and insulin on glucose transport in muscles are discussed; in particular, the effects of changes in extracellular and/or intracellular concentrations of Na, K, Ca and H ions will be mentioned. 3. The actions of ionic surroundings and insulin on the Na,K-pump in muscles are discussed; in particular, the effects of changes in extracellular an/or intracellular concentrations of Na, K, Ca and H ions will be examined. 4. The relationship between the actions of ionic surroundings and insulin are discussed. 5. In particular, the effects of changes in ionic surroundings on the insulin-induced hyperpolarization of the membrane are discussed by relating it to the Na,K-pump function. The relationship between the insulin-induced change in membrane potential and glucose transport will be also mentioned.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D007473:Ion Channels; D012964:Sodium; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium