title: Natural proteinase inhibitors: blood coagulation inhibition and evolutionary relationships.
abstract: 1. Natural proteinase inhibitors are divided into polysaccharides, plasma proteinase inhibitors and natural non-plasma inhibitors. 2. Polysaccharides are antithrombin-III and heparin co-factor-II dependent or independent regarding their biological activity. Knowledge of the inhibitory mechanism at a molecular level was gained by the study of heparin. 3. Antithrombin-III, heparin-co-factor-II and alpha 2-macroglobulin are the most important plasma proteinase inhibitors involved in coagulation. alpha 2-macroglobulin has a particular inhibitory mechanism. 4. Non-plasma proteinase inhibitors were isolated from many species. They inhibit mainly the contact activation and fibrinolysis. 5. The evolutionary relationships are poorly understood.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000494:pharmacology; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015844:Heparin Cofactor II; D006801:Humans; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000097:blood; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins; D015844:Heparin Cofactor II; D000990:Antithrombin III; D006493:Heparin; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases