title: Neonatal respiratory distress from rhinitis medicamentosa.
abstract: Rhinitis medicamentosa from topical vasoconstrictor abuse results in nasal obstruction which can be life-threatening in neonates. Neonates are obligate nasal breathers, most learning oral respiration by 2 months of age. A neonate was started on topical phenylephrine at birth, and by 3 weeks of age was having multiple daily episodes of apnea and cyanosis. An evaluation documented edematous, obstructing nasal turbinates, as well as polycythemia, cardiomegaly, and prominence of the pulmonary vasculature. A nasopharyngeal airway alleviated the obstruction until the turbinates recovered, and the other abnormalities quickly resolved.
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D014663:Nasal Decongestants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010109:Oxymetazoline / Q000009:adverse effects; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000009:adverse effects; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D014663:Nasal Decongestants; D010656:Phenylephrine; D010109:Oxymetazoline