title: Controlled multicenter study of the antihypertensive effects of lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, and lisinopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of 394 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
abstract: Lisinopril (LIS) is a lysine analog of enalaprilat, the active metabolite of enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). Unlike enalapril, the precursor of enalaprilat, LIS is not a prodrug but has equal ACEI efficacy and potency and a slightly longer duration of action after oral administration. Short-term (12 weeks) and long-term (24 weeks) blood pressure control has been studied with LIS, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), and LIS + HCTZ when given once a day. Drug treatment had three phases: (i) 2-4 weeks of single-blind placebo washout; (ii) 12 weeks of double-blind comparison therapy with LIS 20, 40, and 80 mg vs. HCTZ 12.5, 25, and 50 mg, vs. LIS + HCTZ 20 + 12.5, 40 + 25, and 80 + 50 mg; (iii) 13-24 weeks single-blind LIS vs. LIS + HCTZ. Starting double-blind therapy at the lowest dose, all three groups doubled the dose at weeks 4 and 8 if BP was not controlled with sitting diastolic BP (SDBP) less than 90 mm Hg. At the end of 12 weeks of double-blind therapy, uncontrolled HCTZ-only and LIS-only treatment groups were advanced to combination LIS + HCTZ therapy but uncontrolled LIS + HCTZ patients were dropped. Mean BP reductions (systolic/diastolic, mm Hg) for all three groups after 12 weeks of double-blind comparison therapy were: (i) LIS (n = 162), -16.6/-12.5; (ii) HCTZ (n = 155), -10.4/-6.8; (iii) LIS + HCTZ (n = 74), -23.9/-18.2 with p less than 0.01 for all groups compared to baseline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004656:Enalapril / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017706:Lisinopril; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D004656:Enalapril; D017706:Lisinopril