A review of urinary hydroxyproline as a biochemical marker on health effects of smoking and air pollution with nitrogen dioxide.
A series of epidemiologic studies on the health effects caused by smoking and air pollution with NO2 were carried out. Urinary hydroxyproline (HOP) which is excreted into the urine by catabolism of lung collagen was used as a biochemical marker. Urinary HOP of smokers increased dose-dependently with increasing numbers of cigarettes smoked and this result was accepted under blind conditions. Urinary HOP of nonsmokers also increased with increasing the amounts of involuntary smoking caused by smokers in their families although the increases in HOP by passive smoking were less than those by active smoking. Health effects caused by indoor air pollution with NO2 in winter and automobile exhaust in summer were also demonstrated using urinary HOP. The effects of cessation of smoking were followed up for 14 weeks by the decrease in urinary HOP. In practice, the HOP to creatinine ratio (HOP ratio) in random urine samples was used as representative of the 24-hour urine samples. Some confounding factors for urinary HOP were taken into consideration in these studies.
D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000652:urine*; D008834:Microclimate; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D003094:Collagen; D006909:Hydroxyproline; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide