title: Influence of phosphodiesterase inhibition and of carbachol on inotropic effects of 8-substituted cyclic AMP analogues.
abstract: The influence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors and of carbachol on the positive inotropic effect of 8-substituted cyclic AMP analogues was studied on isometrically contracting guinea-pig papillary muscles driven at a rate of 0.2 Hz. In muscles from reserpine-pretreated animals, the phosphodiesterase inhibitors 3-isobutyl, 1-methyl xanthine (IBMX; 20 mumol/l) and papaverine (10 mumol/l) shifted the concentration-effect curves of 8-substituted cyclic AMP benzyl esters to the left, decreasing the EC50 by a factor of 10 to 25. In the presence of IBMX (5 and 20 mumol/l) or papaverine (10 mumol/l), the slopes of the concentration-effect curves of 8-substituted cyclic AMP benzyl esters became flatter. The positive inotropic effect and the increase in Vmax, overshoot and duration of slow action potentials induced by cyclic AMP analogues were not affected by carbachol (0.1-10 mumol/l). In the presence of IBMX (20 mumol/l), however, carbachol (3 mumol/l) antagonized the positive inotropic effect of 8-substituted cyclic AMP derivatives, shifting the EC50-values by a factor of 3 to the right. Cyclic AMP content determined by radioimmunoassay in individual papillary muscles was raised 1.22 and 1.63-fold in the presence of 3 and 20 mumol/l IBMX. Isoprenaline (0.1 mumol/l) induced an increase in cyclic AMP content which was not significantly different from that produced by 20 mumol/l IBMX, but in contrast to the phosphodiesterase inhibitor enhanced force of contraction by 17.7 mN as compared to 1.5 mN obtained with 20 mumol/l IBMX. The findings are consistent with a model that describes the interaction between IBMX and cyclic AMP analogues as an additive effect with only endogenously accumulated cyclic AMP (due to phosphodiesterase inhibition) being involved in the negative inotropic effect of carbachol. From the failure of carbachol to affect the positive inotropic effect of cyclic AMP analogues, it is concluded, that cyclic AMP derivatives do not act as phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and that the well-known negative inotropic effect of carbachol in the presence of cyclic AMP-elevating drugs does not occur at a step beyond cyclic AMP accumulation.
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D010210:Papillary Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D002217:Carbachol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine