title: Description of a sequential staining procedure for double immunoenzymatic staining of pairs of antigens using monoclonal antibodies.
abstract: This paper describes a sequential staining procedure for double immunoenzymatic staining of pairs of antigens in frozen tissue sections and cell smears using monoclonal antibodies. This technique involves performance of an indirect immunoperoxidase sandwich (including development of the enzyme reaction) followed by an unlabelled immuno-alkaline phosphatase sandwich (the APAAP method). The two enzyme labels are revealed using DAB/H2O2 for peroxidase and naphthol AS-MX plus fast blue or fast red for alkaline phosphatase. When compared with a hapten-sandwich/biotin-avidin system, the sequential staining procedure proved to be simpler and more sensitive and was also more suitable for double immunoenzymatic staining when monoclonal antibodies were only available in small amounts. The sequential staining procedure is particularly useful for the identification of antigens distributed in different cell populations or in different sites (e.g., nucleus and cytoplasm or cell surface) of the same cell. In contrast, this method does not appear to be very suitable for demonstrating two antigens located in the same site (e.g., surface membrane) of the same cell for which purpose double immunofluorescence remains the first choice.
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000276:immunology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000941:Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D001360:Avidin; D001710:Biotin; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000941:Antigens; D001360:Avidin; D001710:Biotin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase