A VIP-like peptide co-occurs with substance P and enkephalin in cholinergic preganglionic terminals of the avian ciliary ganglion.
Using single-label and double-label immunohistochemical techniques, many of the substance P-enkephalin containing preganglionic terminals of the avian ciliary ganglion were found to also contain a VIP-like peptide. Since these terminals are also known to be cholinergic, these results suggest that neurotransmission at many synapses of the avian ciliary ganglion involves 3 different neuropeptides and a conventional neurotransmitter, acetylcholine.
D000818:Animals; D001339:Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic / Q000378:metabolism; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000378:metabolism; D010856:Columbidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005726:Ganglia, Parasympathetic / Q000378:metabolism*; D009802:Oculomotor Nerve / Q000378:metabolism; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism*; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000378:metabolism; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism*
D004745:Enkephalins; D013373:Substance P; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide