title: Protective activity of calcium entry blockers against ouabain intoxication in anesthetized guinea pigs.
abstract: Several studies have suggested a central role for calcium in the pathogenesis of digitalis-induced arrhythmias. To test this hypothesis, the effects on ouabain-induced arrhythmia of intraarterial pretreatment with the calcium entry blockers nifedipine, flunarizine, verapamil, diltiazem, and bepridil, the calcium entry promotor Bay K 8644, and CaCl2 were compared with those of the currently applied digitalis antidotes phenytoin and lidocaine in urethane-anesthetized (1.5 g/kg i.p.) guinea pigs. Pretreatment with nifedipine (0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg), flunarizine (1 and 3 mg/kg), and phenytoin (10 mg/kg) doubled the time (from 10-20 to 20-40 min) required to provoke toxic ECG changes. Verapamil, diltiazem, and bepridil caused a slight but significant reduction of ouabain toxicity. Pretreatment with CaCl2 (10 mg/kg) enhanced all toxic effects of ouabain. None of the above-mentioned pretreatments as such changed the ECG parameters. Bay k 8644 (0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg) enhanced the effects of ouabain on ventricular rhythm, but abolished the ouabain-induced impairment of AV conduction. Bay k 8644 as such increased heart rate (from 318 +/- 11 to 376 +/- 6 beats/min at 0.1 mg/kg) and shortened the PR interval. The negative inotropic effects of the calcium entry blockers were quantified in electrically paced (3 Hz) guinea pig isolated left atria 15 min after pretreatment with ouabain (3 X 10(-7) M). The rank order of potency for the negative inotropic effect was nifedipine greater than verapamil greater than bepridil greater than diltiazem greater than flunarizine. In conclusion, nifedipine, flunarizine, and phenytoin showed obvious and equally effective protection against ouabain-induced arrhythmia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015764:Bepridil; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010042:Ouabain / Q000633:toxicity*; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D010042:Ouabain; D010672:Phenytoin; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D015764:Bepridil; D008012:Lidocaine; D002122:Calcium Chloride