Modification of tumor cells by a low dose of Newcastle disease virus. II. Augmented tumor-specific T cell response as a result of CD4+ and CD8+ immune T cell cooperation.
Augmented tumor-specific T cell responses were observed against the high metastatic murine lymphoma variant ESb when using as immunogen ESb tumor cells that had been modified by infection with a low dose of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Such virus-modified inactivated tumor cells (ESb-NDV) were potent tumor vaccines when applied postoperatively for active specific immunotherapy of ESb metastases. We demonstrate here that immune spleen cells from mice immunized with ESb-NDV contain enhanced immune capacity in both the CD4+, CD8- and the CD4-, CD8+ T cell compartments to mount a secondary-tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell response in comparison with immune cells from mice immunized with ESb. ESb-NDV immune CD4+, CD8- helper T cells also produced more interleukin 2 after antigen stimulation than the corresponding ESb immune cells. There was no participation of either CD4+ or CD8+ virus-specific cells in the augmented response. The specificity of the T cells for the tumor-associated antigen remained unchanged. Thus, there is the paradox that the virus-mediated augmentation of the tumor-specific T cell response in this system involves increased T helper activity but does not involve the recognition of viral epitopes as potential new helper determinants.
Schild
H
H
Institute for Immunology and Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany.
von Hoegen
P
P
Schirrmacher
V
V
D000818:Animals; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D000939:Epitopes; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008211:Lymphocyte Cooperation; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000276:immunology*; D010641:Phenotype; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D000939:Epitopes; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014765:Viral Vaccines