title: Short-term and long-term changes of left ventricular volumes during rate-adaptive and single-rate pacing.
abstract: To evaluate the adaptation of the heart to exercise during pacing, 15 patients with permanent endocardial pacemakers were studied; nine patients had atrioventricular universal (DDD) pacemakers (Symbios 7005) and six patients had activity detecting rate-responsive ventricular (VVIR) pacemakers (Activitrax 8403). Left ventricular function in each patient during rate variable pacing was compared to ventricular function during VVI single-rate pacing. End-systolic and end-diastolic volume changes during exercise were measured by radionuclide angiography and the amount of volume change was used to assess left ventricular function. Both short-term (within 4 hours) and long-term measurements (after at least 4 weeks) were made at rest and at 50% of the maximal exercise capacity in DDD or VVIR mode and were compared with VVI single-rate pacing. All patients, when changed from DDD or VVIR mode to VVI single-rate pacing showed a significant increase of the end-diastolic volume during exercise, which increased even more after long-term VVI pacing. During long-term rate variable pacing, there was no increase of the end-diastolic volume during exercise. DDD or VVIR pacing initially showed a substantial increase of the end-systolic volume during exercise combined with a decrease of left ventricular ejection fraction, suggesting a decrease of the left ventricular contractility. After 4 weeks, contractility improved both with DDD and VVIR pacing. We conclude that short-term DDD and VVIR pacing induces a temporary impairment of left ventricular function that improves after 4 weeks, whereas long-term VVI pacing is associated with left ventricular dilatation even at moderate levels of exercise.
authors: University Hospital Leiden, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands.
authors: M I
authors: MI
authors: Sedney
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Weijers
authors: E E
authors: EE
authors: van der Wall
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Adipranoto
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Camps
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Blokland
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Pauwels
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Schipperheijn
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Buis
authors: A V
authors: AV
authors: Bruschke
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D002306:Cardiac Volume; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013484:Supination; D013997:Time Factors