Serum capacity to inhibit reverse transcriptase in vitro distinguishes HIV-1 infection from HIV-2 or SIV infection.
The inhibition of HIV-1 and SIV reverse transcriptase by human and rhesus macaque serum positive for HIV-1 or HIV-2/SIV antibodies was studied. The domain to which reverse transcriptase-inhibiting antibodies were elicited appeared to be highly antigenic. A total of 67% (48 of 72) of individuals had HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-inhibiting (RTI) antibodies 1 year after seroconversion for HIV-1, 90% (9 of 10) of HIV-2 antibody positive persons had SIV RTI antibodies, and all four experimentally SIV-infected rhesus macaques developed SIV RTI antibodies. Low cross-reactivity between HIV-1 and HIV-2/SIV RTI antibodies was observed. Of 10 HIV-1 RTI sera, 2 reduced SIV RT activity by more than 50% (mean reduction 85 versus 24%). Only 1 of 9 SIV RTI human sera reduced HIV-1 RT (mean reduction 74 versus 25%). This serum, however, showed a shared reactivity against both HIV-1 and HIV-2. These results indicate that the HIV-1 domain inducing RTI antibodies is antigenically different from the HIV-2/SIV domain.
Wolfs
T F
TF
Department of Virology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Geelen
J L
JL
Schellekens
H
H
Barin
F
F
Dekker
J T
JT
Goudsmit
J
J
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000818:Animals; D003429:Cross Reactions; D006678:HIV / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000276:immunology*; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology
D015483:HIV Antibodies; D007106:Immune Sera; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase