title: Joubert syndrome.
abstract: Joubert syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition in which there is a variable combination of central nervous system defects with a distinctive congenital retinal dystrophy, ocular motor abnormalities, and respiratory abnormalities in early infancy. The retinal dystrophy has been previously classified as a variant of Leber's congenital amaurosis. We report electrophysiologic and eye movement findings in a series of seven consecutive children with Joubert syndrome. Unlike patients with Leber's congenital amaurosis, all but one of these children had preserved flash and pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials. Six of the seven children had abnormalities of smooth pursuit, optokinetic nystagmus, and saccades. Six of the children had nystagmus: three had a pendular torsional nystagmus and three had a form of see-saw nystagmus. An alternating hyperdeviation was present in five of the patients, two of whom also had a tonic deviation of their eyes laterally. All seven patients had cerebellar vermis hypoplasia on a magnetic resonance imaging scan. Developmentally delayed children with an absent or highly attenuated electroretinogram should be investigated for Joubert syndrome.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital for Sick Children, London, England.
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Lambert
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kriss
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gresty
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Benton
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Taylor
mesh_terms: D001766:Blindness / Q000503:physiopathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000002:abnormalities; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000503:physiopathology; D004596:Electroretinography; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013577:Syndrome