The human beta-globin gene 3' enhancer contains multiple binding sites for an erythroid-specific protein.
We have shown that the minimal enhancer fragment present in the 3'-flanking region of the human beta-globin gene contains four regions that bind nuclear proteins in vitro. By using gel mobility shift and DNase I footprinting assays, we were able to show that each of these regions binds an erythroid-cell-specific nuclear factor which we name NF-E1. This factor is present in erythroid cells at different developmental stages of globin gene expression. The recognition sequence of this protein (A/C Py T/A ATC A/T Py) is also present in the intragenic enhancer and the promoter of the beta-globin gene as well as in the promoter of other erythroid-cell specific genes. In addition to NF-E1, each of the four binding regions interacts with at least one other protein factor.
Wall
L
L
Laboratory of Gene Structure and Expression, National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK.
deBoer
E
E
Grosveld
F
F
D001483:Base Sequence; D001609:Beta-Globulins / Q000235:genetics*; D001665:Binding Sites; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D004920:Erythropoiesis; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009710:Nucleotide Mapping; D009928:Organ Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors
D001609:Beta-Globulins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I