title: Paragangliomas of the head and neck: immunohistochemical neuroendocrine and intermediate filament typing.
abstract: Twenty-nine paragangliomas of the head and neck region including 20 glomus jugulare (GJ) and nine carotid body (CB) tumors were evaluated for the presence of neuroendocrine and intermediate filament antigens. Immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was used to identify: S-100 protein (S-100); neuron-specific enolase (NSE); chromogranin A (CHA); serotonin (SER); synaptophysin (SYN); cytokeratin (CK); neurofilament (NF); desmin (DES); vimentin (VIM); and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). S-100 protein staining of sustentacular cell nuclei and cytoplasm was found in all tumors and was present in chief cells in 4 of 20 GJ and 3 of 9 CB tumors. All tumors stained with at least three neuroendocrine markers (29 of 29 NSE, 28 of 29 SYN, 26 of 29 CHA, 25 of 29 SER). CK was detected in 2 GJ and 1 CB tumor using anticytokeratins AE 1/3 and CAM 5.2. Neurofilament protein could not be demonstrated in fixed material, and all tumors were negative for GFAP and desmin. Vimentin was inconsistently detected in chief and sustentacular cells. We conclude that, in formalin-fixed material, paragangliomas have S-100 protein staining of sustentacular cells with chief cells containing antigens associated with neuroendocrine differentiation. The presence of CK in some paragangliomas is consistent with recent tissue culture studies demonstrating immunoblot confirmation of CK in pheochromocytomas and represents a potential source of immunohistologic misinterpretation in diagnosis, unless a panel of markers is utilized.
authors: Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
authors: T L
authors: TL
authors: Johnson
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Zarbo
authors: R V
authors: RV
authors: Lloyd
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Crissman
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins / Q000276:immunology; D003893:Desmin / Q000276:immunology; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000276:immunology; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007633:Keratins / Q000276:immunology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000378:metabolism*; D010235:Paraganglioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000276:immunology; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000276:immunology; D016708:Synaptophysin; D014746:Vimentin / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins; D003893:Desmin; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D009418:S100 Proteins; D016708:Synaptophysin; D014746:Vimentin; D012701:Serotonin; D007633:Keratins; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase