title: Voltage clamping with single microelectrodes: comparison of the discontinuous mode and continuous mode using the Axoclamp 2A amplifier.
abstract: The voltage clamp technique is a powerful method for studying the physiology of excitable membrane. This technique has made possible the determination of ionic responses generated by activation of either receptor-mediated or voltage-dependent processes. The development of the whole-cell, 'tight-seal' voltage clamp method has allowed the analysis and examination of membrane physiology at the single cell level. The method allows the characterization of voltage-dependent ionic conductances both at the macroscopic (whole-cell) and at the microscopic (unitary conductance or single channel) level in cells less than 10 micron in diameter, a feat difficult to achieve with 'conventional' fine-tipped micropipettes. In this paper, several methologies used for culturing neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the laboratory are described. A comparison between the two modes of voltage clamp using blunt-tipped 'patch'-microelectrodes, the switching (discontinuous) and the non-switching (continuous) modes, of the Axoclamp-2A amplifier is made. Some results on membrane currents obtained from neuronal and non-neuronal cells using the single electrode whole-cell 'tight-seal' voltage clamp is illustrated. The possible existence of two inactivating K+ currents, one dependent on Ca++ the other is not, is discussed.
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, OH 45267-0576.
authors: R Y
authors: RY
authors: Pun
mesh_terms: D000669:Amplifiers, Electronic; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010673:Pheochromocytoma; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels