title: Distribution of substance P-like, leucine-enkephalin-like, and bombesine-like immunoreactivity and acetylcholinesterase activity in the visual system of salamanders.
abstract: In the urodele species Salamandra salamandra and Batrachoseps attenuatus, the distribution of the neuropeptides substance P (SP), leucine-enkephalin (LENK), and bombesine (BOMB) was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry in brain areas containing retinofugal projection sites (tectum mesencephali, praetectum, thalamus) as well as in brain regions postsynaptic to the tectum. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was studied histochemically. Despite its simplified, two-layered morphology, the salamander tectum shows a high degree of neurochemical differentiation, characterized by a laminar organization of neuropeptide-like immunoreactivity and AChE-activity comparable to that found in the anuran tectum, which has a multi-layered morphology. SP-like immunoreactivity constituted four tectal laminae, two of them occurring in the stratum opticum. LENK-like immunoreactivity formed three laminae, one in the stratum opticum. BOMB-like immunoreactivity formed one lamina within the stratum opticum and one in the tectal efferent layers. Layers 1 and 2 of the stratum opticum revealed high AChE-activity, whereas low activity was found in deep fiber layers containing tectal efferents. The outer cellular layer also revealed AChE-activity. After enucleation of one eye, the contralateral tectum lacked neuropeptide-like immunoreactivity and AChE-activity in the layers containing retinofugal projection sites. No reduction of immunoreactivity was found in nuclei postsynaptic to the tectum. Our experiments suggest that the secondary simplification that has taken place in salamanders with respect to tectal morphology did not affect the neurochemical differentiation of the tectum.
authors: Brain Research Institute, University of Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Schmidt
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Roth
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ernst
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001839:Bombesin / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism*; D014562:Caudata / Q000378:metabolism*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013373:Substance P; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D001839:Bombesin