title: Development of color association in normal and neurologically impaired children.
abstract: Color association, defined as the ability to identify the characteristic color of familiar objects, was studied in 2 groups of brain-damaged children with language or nonlanguage impairment and in a group of control patients. The performance of the 16 control children, 3.5-4.5 years of age, was compared with that of 31 patients, 4.5-5.5 years of age; their scores were 52.4 +/- 31.3 (mean +/- SD) and 85.9 +/- 13.1, respectively (p less than 0.005). Seventeen dysphasic, brain-damaged children and 11 age-matched children with neurologic deficits but without language delay were examined. Their scores were 57.7 +/- 11.7 and 70.6 +/- 21.9, respectively (p less than 0.05). Finally, each of the brain-damaged groups was compared with age-matched controls. Although the control children performed far better than the dysphasic children (77.6 +/- 20.9 and 57.5 +/- 11.7, respectively, p less than 0.001), there was no significant difference between controls and neurologically impaired children without language delay (77.6 +/- 20.9 and 70.6 +/- 21.9, respectively). We conclude that color association in normal children is already operative at 3.5 years and approaches maturity by 4.5-5.5 years. This function was preserved in neurologically impaired children without language delay but was significantly distrubed in the dysphasic children; therefore, the use of color should be assessed in the habilitation of children.
authors: Florence Miller Child Neurology Diagnostic Unit, Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Shalev
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Gross-Tsur
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Wine
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Amir
mesh_terms: D000849:Anomia / Q000523:psychology; D001037:Aphasia / Q000523:psychology; D001245:Association Learning; D001288:Attention; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000523:psychology*; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003118:Color Perception; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual