title: Antiviral agents with activity against human retroviruses.
abstract: The ability of various known anti-HIV antivirals to inhibit four different strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a strain of type 2 (HIV-2), and a human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) was tested. The tested substances included two sulfated polysaccharides (lentinan sulfate and dextran sulfate) and a nonsulfated polysaccharide PSK, E-P-LEM, glycyrrhizin sulfate, and nucleoside analogues (AZT and DHT). The effects of the substances were measured quantitatively with two different assays: (i) inhibition of cell-free viral infection and (ii) inhibition of the fusion reaction induced by cell-to-cell infection. The results showed that cell-free infection of HIV-1 and HIV-2 was almost completely blocked in the presence of all of the substances tested. However, cell-to-cell infection by HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I was inhibited only by the polysaccharides, E-P-LEM, and glycyrrhizin sulfate but not by the two nucleoside analogues. Moreover, the extent of inhibition of the fusion reaction by the substances varied significantly from strain to strain in HIV-1.
authors: Department of Virology and Parasitology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors: T S
authors: TS
authors: Tochikura
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Nakashima
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017977:Deltaretrovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D003911:Dextrans / Q000494:pharmacology; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006034:Glycyrrhetinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007912:Lentinan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000494:pharmacology; D018119:Stavudine; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D003911:Dextrans; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C061242:Lentinus edodes mycelia extract E-P-LEM; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011509:Proteoglycans; C059822:lentinan sulfate; D007912:Lentinan; C010770:polysaccharide-K; D015215:Zidovudine; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D018119:Stavudine; D006034:Glycyrrhetinic Acid