title: Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of human ADP-ribosylation factors: two guanine nucleotide-dependent activators of cholera toxin.
abstract: ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that enhance the enzymatic activities of cholera toxin. Two ARF cDNAs, ARF1 and ARF3, were cloned from a human cerebellum library. Based on deduced amino acid sequences and patterns of hybridization of cDNA and oligonucleotide probes with mammalian brain poly(A)+ RNA, human ARF1 is the homologue of bovine ARF1. Human ARF3, which differs from bovine ARF1 and bovine ARF2, appears to represent a newly identified third type of ARF. Hybridization patterns of human ARF cDNA and clone-specific oligonucleotides with poly(A)+ RNA are consistent with the presence of at least two, and perhaps four, separate ARF messages in human brain. In vitro translation of ARF1, ARF2, and ARF3 produced proteins that behaved, by SDS/PAGE, similar to a purified soluble brain ARF. Deduced amino acid sequences of human ARF1 and ARF3 contain regions, similar to those in other G proteins, that are believed to be involved in GTP binding and hydrolysis. ARFs also exhibit a modest degree of homology with a bovine phospholipase C. The observations reported here support the conclusion that the ARFs are members of a multigene family of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. Definition of the regulation of ARF mRNAs and of function(s) of recombinant ARF proteins will aid in the elucidation of the physiologic role(s) of ARFs.
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Bobak
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Nightingale
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Murtagh
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Price
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Moss
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Vaughan
mesh_terms: D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D011061:Poly A / Q000235:genetics; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D011061:Poly A; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors; C116688:ARF4 protein, human