title: Presynaptic transmitters and depolarizing influences regulate development of the substantia nigra in culture.
abstract: Recent evidence suggests that extracellular signals regulate neurotransmitter traits in brain catecholaminergic (CA) neurons as in the periphery. Development of the dopaminergic phenotype in the mouse substantia nigra (SN) was studied by monitoring tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in CA biosynthesis in vivo and in culture. Explants of SN were dissected from embryonic day 15 embryos and grown in culture for a week. To define the influence of depolarizing signals on central dopaminergic neurons, cultures were grown with the pharmacologic depolarizing agent veratridine. This treatment elicited a significant increase in TH enzyme activity, accompanied by elevated levels of enzyme protein. The increase in activity was prevented by TTX, suggesting that transmembrane Na+ influx was necessary for the rise in TH. A physiologic presynaptic agonist, substance P, also evoked a significant increase in TH activity; however, the coproduced tachykinin peptide, substance K (SK, neurokinin A) elicited a more dramatic rise. The SK effect was blocked by TTX, suggesting that the physiologic agonist was acting through the same mechanism as the pharmacologic agent veratridine. Immunoblot analysis revealed that SK elicited a parallel increase in TH enzyme protein. Our observations suggest that the novel peptide, SK, serves a physiological role in the regulation of TH in the striatonigral pathway.
authors: Department of Neurology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021.
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: Friedman
authors: C F
authors: CF
authors: Dreyfus
authors: B
authors: B
authors: McEwen
authors: I B
authors: IB
authors: Black
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D015288:Neurokinin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology*; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014701:Veratridine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D013373:Substance P; D014701:Veratridine; D015288:Neurokinin A; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004298:Dopamine