title: Tetraedric and sand-glass crystals in the urine.
abstract: Sand-glass and tetraedric crystals often occur in cytologic evaluations of urinary sediments as a secondary finding. The analyses show inflammation and an increase in protein casts as accompanying changes. The basic diseases are primarily renal but unspecific. The analyses of the crystals by laser-ray-technique (LAMMA-analysis) demonstrate calcium in the positive ionic spectrum in both forms. Differences can be registered in the negative ionic spectrum: sand-glasses and small tetraeders contain considerable amounts of phosphate (PO2- and PO3-), while only the larger tetraedric crystals consist of pure calcium oxalate.
authors: Department of Pathology, University of Düsseldorf, FRG.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Baumert
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Kaufmann
authors: K F
authors: KF
authors: Bürrig
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Pfitzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis; D003460:Crystallization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010070:Oxalates / Q000032:analysis; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D014556:Urine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010070:Oxalates; D010710:Phosphates; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D019815:Oxalic Acid