Pedagogical handicap associated with micropenis and other CHARGE syndrome anomalies of embryogenesis: four 46, XY cases reared as girls.
Genital hypoplasia (micropenis) and CNS impairments are among multiple anomalies of embryogenesis that are found in association in a syndrome for which the acronym CHARGE has recently been coined. The CNS anomalies are either peripheral or central or both. Their various manifestations are impaired hearing and vision; impaired motor performance and visual-motor coordination; IQ deficit either overall or specific to verbal reasoning or praxic reasoning; and social ineptitude consequent on impaired social maturation. These various impairments constitute a pedagogical handicap which, even though of major severity, is not refractory to clinical treatment and educational therapy.
Money
J
J
Emeritus, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Norman
B F
BF
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000523:psychology*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000150:complications; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000150:complications; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000150:complications