Aprotinin derivatives with chromophoric leaving groups can be used as highly selective active-site titrants for serine proteinases and permit the determination of kinetic constants of enzyme-inhibitor complexes.
This paper reports a novel and valuable approach to active-site titration. The starting substance for the preparation of the active-site titrants is aprotinin (bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor) in which the reactive-site peptide bond, Lys15-Ala16, is split. Two cystine disulfide bonds hold together the two peptide chains. The Lys15 of the reactive site is substituted by arginine-, phenylalanine- and valine-4-nitroanilide or by valine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin. The different incorporated amino acid residues correspond to different specificities against serine proteinases. Serine proteinases with suitable specificity are able to remove 4-nitroaniline or 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin from these aprotinin derivatives while at the same time resynthesis of the reactive-site peptide bond occurs. The proteinase is then trapped in a stable enzyme-inhibitor complex, which prevents the proteinase from releasing further leaving groups. The quantity of 4-nitroaniline or 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, which can be assayed spectrophotometrically or fluorometrically is equimolar to the quantity of proteinase used and trapped. The aprotinin derivatives with an incorporated Phe15 or Val15 residue are highly specific for chymotrypsin or for elastase from human leukocytes, respectively. The kinetic constants kon and koff of the enzyme-inhibitor complexes, and hence the equilibrium dissociation constants, can be calculated from the respective titration curves.
Mehlich
A
A
Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, F.R.G.
Beckmann
J
J
Wenzel
H R
HR
Tschesche
H
H
D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002918:Chymotrypsin / Q000378:metabolism; D003374:Coumarins; D005470:Fluorometry; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000378:metabolism; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism
D000596:Amino Acids; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D003374:Coumarins; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; C019498:4-nitroaniline; D007611:Aprotinin; D007610:Kallikreins; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D002918:Chymotrypsin; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D014357:Trypsin; D008239:Lysine; C028743:7-amino-4-methylcoumarin; D000409:Alanine