title: Influence of gramicidin S on cardiac membrane Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase activities and contractile force development.
abstract: The effects of gramicidin S (GS), an antibiotic, on the rat heart membrane ATPases and contractile activity of the right ventricle strips were investigated. GS inhibited sarcolemmal Ca2+-stimulated ATPase (IC50 = 3 microM), Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase which is activated by millimolar Ca2+ or Mg2+ (IC50 = 3.4 microM), and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-stimulated ATPase (IC50 = 6 microM). The type of inhibition for the sarcolemmal Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase by GS was apparently uncompetitive, while that for Ca2+-stimulated ATPases in sarcolemma or sarcoplasmic reticulum was of mixed type. Other ATPases, including mitochondrial ATPase, sarcolemmal Na+-K+ ATPase, and myofibrillar ATPase, were not inhibited by this agent. GS also decreased the rat right ventricle maximum force development (half-maximal inhibitory concentration was 2-4 microM), maximum velocity of contraction, and maximum velocity of relaxation. The resting tension was increased by GS to over 200%. The contractile actions of GS were mostly irreversible upon washing the muscle 3 times over a 10-min period. Decreased Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ concentrations in the perfusate increased the effects of GS. These findings showed that GS was a potent inhibitor of divalent cation ATPases of heart sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum and it is suggested that these membrane effects may explain the cardiodepressant action of this agent.
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Man., Canada.
authors: D Y
authors: DY
authors: Zhao
authors: N S
authors: NS
authors: Dhalla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002412:Cations / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006096:Gramicidin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology*; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D006096:Gramicidin; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases