title: Expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in aneural Xenopus embryos.
abstract: During gastrulation in vertebrate embryos, the mesoderm moves inward and under the ectoderm and these two cell layers subsequently differentiate in close proximity to each other, providing an opportunity for the exchange of inductive signals. This study examines whether the activation of muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) genes and the subsequent expression of receptors in Xenopus myotomal muscle are dependent on interaction between the ectoderm and the mesoderm, or their derivatives, after the onset of gastrulation. We eliminated such interaction by inducing total exogastrulation of Xenopus embryos. During exogastrulation, the mesoderm moves away from the ectoderm, and the nervous system fails to develop. Single channel recordings from the myotomal muscle of exogastrulated embryos revealed the presence of two major classes of AChRs, which could be distinguished on the basis of channel conductance. The current amplitudes, conductances, reversal potentials, and open times of these channels closely resembled those reported for the two major classes of AChR channels normally expressed in vivo. We conclude that interaction between ectoderm and mesoderm following the onset of gastrulation is not required for the future expression of the major classes of AChRs in myotomal muscle.
authors: Biology Department, University of Alaska, Anchorage 99508.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Owens
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Kullberg
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000502:physiology; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000502:physiology; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004627:Embryonic Induction; D005775:Gastrula; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000502:physiology; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000196:embryology* / Q000294:innervation; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D000109:Acetylcholine