title: Amniotic fluid enzymes in pregnancies with trisomy 21.
abstract: The activities of a range of microvillous enzymes in amniotic fluid from normal pregnancies (n = 213) and those complicated by trisomy 21 (n = 26) were compared in a prospective study. Using a centrifugal analyser, the activities of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate transferase (AST), and isoenzymes of alkaline phosphate (ALP) were measured in amniotic fluid alongside alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Of the markers studied, LAP was found to be the most reliable indicator of trisomy 21. Using levels below the 5th percentile, LAP showed sensitivity 73 per cent, specificity 94 per cent, and predictive value positive 63 per cent. Although these tests would not replace karyotyping in all cases, the measurement of LAP could be useful as a rapid initial screening test, particularly when amniocentesis is performed for indications other than chromosomal abnormalities.
authors: Department of Pathology, Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton, Australia.
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Giddy
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: Hay
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Horacek
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000201:enzymology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000032:analysis; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007931:Leucyl Aminopeptidase / Q000032:analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D007931:Leucyl Aminopeptidase