title: Dietary thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates growth rate and increases the insulin: glucagon molar ratio of broiler chickens.
abstract: The effects of thyroid manipulation on growth, feed efficiency, and plasma hormone levels were determined in rapidly growing chickens. Beginning at 3 weeks of age, eight broiler cockerels were provided with control feed (CF) or feed containing either 1 ppm of triiodothyronine (T3), 1 ppm of thyroxine (T4), 0.3% propylthiouracil (PTU), or 5 ppm of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) for 3 weeks. Blood samples were taken at 4, 5, and 6 weeks for determination of plasma levels of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, T3, T4, insulin, glucagon, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids. Dietary TRH increased (P less than 0.05) the growth rate of chickens by 14% when compared with the CF group. Plasma growth hormone levels were reduced (P less than 0.05) 65% by dietary T3 and 33% by treatment with either T4 or TRH when compared with the CF group. Plasma insulin-like growth factor levels were 16% lower (P less than 0.05) in PTU-fed birds than the other treatment groups. Plasma T3 levels were elevated (P less than 0.05) 3-fold by dietary T3 and 38% by TRH whereas plasma T3 in the PTU group was 38% below the average of CF birds. Plasma T4 levels were increased (P less than 0.05) by 12-fold in T4-fed birds, decreased 48% in TRH-fed birds, and nondetectable in birds treated with either T3 or PTU. Compared with the other treatments, dietary PTU increased (P less than 0.01) plasma insulin levels 4.3-fold whereas TRH provided a 2.7-fold increase in plasma insulin. Plasma glucagon levels were 26% higher (P less than 0.05) in T3-fed birds than those fed either T4 or PTU. These observations indicate that thyroid activity plays an important role in regulating secretion of GH and the pancreatic hormones. Furthermore, our study demonstrates the potential use of TRH as an orally active growth promoter for poultry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Agricultural Biochemistry, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19717-1303.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cogburn
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Alfonso
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: McGuinness
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McMurtry
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development*; D004032:Diet; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D011441:Propylthiouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012016:Reference Values; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011441:Propylthiouracil; D005934:Glucagon; D013974:Thyroxine