title: [Differentiation of renal and postrenal hematuria and proteinuria with SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting].
abstract: The pattern of serum proteins separated by SDS-PAGE is typified by the microprotein apolipoprotein A I which is split from high density lipoprotein by SDS. High density lipoprotein is generally retained by the glomerulus and does not appear in the urine even in glomerulopathies. Thus, apolipoprotein A I is generally absent in the SDS-PAGE protein pattern of renal proteinurias. However, in postrenal hematurias and proteinurias apolipoprotein A I can be found by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and Ouchterlony test. Using rabbit anti-human-apolipoprotein A I as primary antibody and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-rabbit immunoglobulins as secondary antibody antibody apolipoprotein A I could be detected even at a 1:128,000 dilution of blood. This means a microhematuria of only 8 microliters blood/l urine theoretically can be identified as postrenal. Unfortunately, apolipoprotein A I is not only visible on the immunoblots of postrenal hematurias and proteinurias but could also be seen in renal proteinurias. Thus, only with reservation can apolipoprotein A I be called a marker of postrenal hematuria and proteinuria. On the other hand, most renal proteinurias can be identified reliably by SDS-PAGE and analysis of apolipoprotein A I is superfluous. Apolipoprotein A I, however, could become useful in the differentiation of microhematurias without proteinuria.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Schiwara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spiller
mesh_terms: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000652:urine; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods*; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000379:methods*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D001798:Blood Proteins
vernacular_title: Differenzierung renaler und postrenaler Hämaturien und Proteinurien mit SDS-Polyacrylamidgel-Elektrophorese und Immunoblotting.