title: Desipramine facilitation of initial cocaine abstinence.
abstract: We conducted a double-blind, random assignment, six-week comparison of desipramine hydrochloride (n = 24), lithium carbonate (n = 24), and placebo (n = 24) treatments for cocaine dependence. Subjects were 72 outpatient cocaine abusers who met DSM-III-R dependence criteria for cocaine but not for other substance abuse. Subjects in each treatment group were similar in history of cocaine and other substance abuse, cocaine craving, sociodemographics, and other psychiatric comorbidity. Desipramine, compared with both other treatments, substantially decreased cocaine use. Lithium treatment outcome did not differ from that of placebo. Desipramine-treated subjects attained contiguous periods of abstinence substantially more frequently than subjects receiving lithium or placebo. Fifty-nine percent of the desipramine-treated subjects were abstinent for at least three to four consecutive weeks during the six-week study period, compared with 17% for placebo and 25% for lithium. Cocaine craving reductions were also substantially greater in the desipramine-treated subjects. Establishment of initial abstinence is the first stage in recovery from cocaine dependence. Our findings indicate that desipramine is an effective general treatment, for this first treatment stage, in actively cocaine-dependent outpatients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510.
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Gawin
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kleber
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Byck
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Rounsaville
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kosten
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Jatlow
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003042:Cocaine; D003891:Desipramine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016651:Lithium Carbonate; D008297:Male; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010919:Placebos; D011613:Psychotherapy; D011897:Random Allocation; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D016651:Lithium Carbonate; D008094:Lithium; D003042:Cocaine; D003891:Desipramine