title: Mechanisms of termination of reentrant atrial arrhythmias by class I and class III antiarrhythmic agents.
abstract: We studied atrial flutter due to circus movement in chronically instrumented conscious dogs to identify the mechanism by which class I and class III antiarrhythmic drugs terminate reentrant excitation. We used a crossover experimental design administering five class I agents and one class III agent, by intravenous bolus followed by intravenous infusion. The class I agents other than lidocaine were almost uniformly effective in terminating the arrhythmia (disopyramide in six of seven dogs, propafenone in six of six, flecainide in seven of seven, and SC-40230 in seven of seven). Termination was preceded by a marked increase in cycle length (ranging from +78% with propafenone to +55% with disopyramide), but with the exception of disopyramide, class I agents did not significantly shorten the excitable gap. With disopyramide the gap decreased from 49 +/- 3% to 28 +/- 3% of the cycle length. With no class I agent did the wavelength of effective refractoriness increase to approach the cycle length of the arrhythmia. Lidocaine, used as a negative control, terminated the reentry in one dog with modest prolongation of the cycle length. Terminations with class I agents correlated with depression of conduction rather than prolongation of refractoriness. In contrast with class I agents, D-sotalol prolonged the cycle length minimally (+10%) and terminated the arrhythmia in six of seven dogs. It decreased the excitable gap from 42 +/- 4% to 26 +/- 6% of the cycle, but it still did not cause the wavelength of effective refractoriness to equal the cycle length. Terminations by D-sotalol seemed to result from either failure of the lateral boundaries of the circus path or reflection within the path.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004206:Disopyramide / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005424:Flecainide / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D011405:Propafenone / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D013015:Sotalol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D010880:Piperidines; C061991:bidisomide; D011405:Propafenone; D008012:Lidocaine; D013015:Sotalol; D004206:Disopyramide; D005424:Flecainide