title: Alterations in migrating cranial neural crest cells in embryos of mice fed retinoic acid.
abstract: Alterations in migrating neural crest cells induced by all-trans retinoic acid (RA) were studied morphologically and immunohistochemically in the cranial portion of 8-day-old mouse embryos which were derived from dams given 60, 40 or 0 mg kg of RA and killed 2 to 8 h later. Additionally, the embryos exposed to 4 mg/kg of actinomycin D (AD) on day 8 of gestation for 5 h were examined similarly. Light microscopy revealed that RA was cytotoxic and caused the appearance of pleomorphic nuclei, extra-large nucleoli and cytoplasmic budding which replaced lamellipodia and spike-like projections. Electron microscopy revealed pleomorphic nuclei containing nucleoli with major granular portions frequently surrounded with heterochromatin, monosomes, and phagosomes. A monosomal distribution pattern was different from that seen in the neural crest cells exposed to AD. The latter showed incomplete polyribosomal dispersion with fewer nucleolar components. Fewer neural crest cells with choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity were detected in RA- and AD-exposed embryos than in the controls. These findings suggest that excess RA inhibits acetylcholine synthesis of the migrating neural crest cells, in a manner different from AD, and that it enhances phagocytosis. These phenomena modify the characteristics of neural crest cells resulting in craniofacial malformations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy (1st Division), Kiniki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003609:Dactinomycin; D014212:Tretinoin; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase