title: Antimicrobial activity of environmental surface disinfectants in the absence and presence of bioburden.
abstract: Thirty-nine products representing six categories of disinfectants (alcohols, chlorines, dilute glutaraldehydes, iodophors, phenolics, and quaternary ammonium compounds) were first tested in the absence of bioburden, using four test methods with five test organisms. Products that performed best were retested with the same methods and organisms in the presence of both serum and whole blood, using 3- and 10-minute contact times. Only products containing high ethyl alcohol had consistently high antimicrobial activity regardless of the test method, test organism, or contact time used both in the absence and presence of bioburden. Although these specific formulations demonstrated ability to penetrate and inactivate high concentrations of microorganisms within heavy bioburden, optimum disinfection of environmental surfaces is highly formulation dependent. Other products tested showed deficiencies that contraindicate their use as environmental surface disinfectants in clinical dental settings.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ploeger
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Leavitt
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Bodily
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001769:Blood; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003748:Dental Equipment; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005976:Glutaral / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007466:Iodophors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D004202:Disinfectants; D007466:Iodophors; D010636:Phenols; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D005976:Glutaral