Ethanol: water mutually enhanced transdermal therapeutic system II: skin permeation of ethanol and nitroglycerin.
An optimal concentration range of aqueous ethanol produces 5-10-fold increases in nitroglycerin flux across skin and ethanol skin permeation that are far greater than reported previously. For aqueous ethanol solutions saturated with nitroglycerin with an ethanol volume fraction less than or equal to 0.7, the flux of nitroglycerin across skin is linear with the ethanol flux and is traced to a linear solubility relationship and a constant diffusion coefficient.
Berner
B
B
Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Ardsley, NY 10502.
Mazzenga
G C
GC
Otte
J H
JH
Steffens
R J
RJ
Juang
R H
RH
Ebert
C D
CD
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012995:Solubility; D014867:Water
D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol; D005996:Nitroglycerin