title: Combined cold- and warm-antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia--review of the literature and a case report.
abstract: This report described the second case in the literature of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with combined cold- and warm- antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (CCW-AIHA). Both IgG and IgM red cell auto-antibodies (auto-Abs) were present in the patient's serum. The IgM auto-Abs had a high thermal amplitude and anti-I blood group specificity. The IgG auto-Abs did not reveal blood group specificity. This patient depended on steroids to control hemolysis, but responded well to chemotherapy and plasmapheresis. CCW-AIHA has rarely been reported. In this study, the literature is reviewed and the characteristic serological and clinical features of this rare category of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) are discussed.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000744:Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / Q000150:complications*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003298:Coombs Test; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008258:Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M