title: Retino-retinal projections in three anuran species.
abstract: In juvenile and adult Xenopus laevis, in adult Bufo marinus and Rana esculenta frogs retino-retinal projections were traced by filling the central stump of one optic nerve, cut 2-3 mm from the eye, with horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) or cobaltic-lysine complex (CLC). The presence of retino-retinal projections was confirmed in all 3 species both in the juvenile and the adult. Up to 12 ganglion cells per retina were found to be filled retrogradely with HRP together with optic axons filled anterogradely with CLC. These findings suggest that (1) a small proportion of ganglion cells project, erroneously, to the opposite retina and (2) this erroneous retino-retinal projection persists throughout the whole lifespan of the animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Straznicky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002024:Bufo marinus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003035:Cobalt; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011893:Rana esculenta / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012160:Retina / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
chemical_list: C051459:cobaltic lysine; D003035:Cobalt; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D008239:Lysine