title: Accumulation of arachidonic acid cyclo- and lipoxygenase products in rat brain during ischemia and reperfusion: effects of treatment with GM1-lactone.
abstract: The aim of our study was to investigate the changes of various biochemical parameters (concentrations of lactate, free arachidonate, cyclo- and lipoxygenase products) in rat brain after ischemia and reperfusion and the effects of pretreatment with the ganglioside derivative GM1-lactone on the same parameters. Ischemia was induced by reversible occlusion of common carotid arteries for 20 min, which included a final 5 min of respiration of 5% oxygen in nitrogen. Reperfusion was obtained by removing the occlusion. Pre-ischemic conditions were obtained on sham-operated animals. Animals were killed by microwave irradiation of their heads. Brain levels of lactate and of free arachidonate were markedly increased after ischemia and returned to normal values at 5 min of reperfusion. Levels of the cyclooxygenase metabolites prostaglandin F2 alpha, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, and thromboxane B2 were increased after ischemia, whereas levels of the lipoxygenase metabolite leukotriene C4 (LTC4) did not change. After reperfusion, a very marked increase of the cyclooxygenase products occurred but not of LTC4. Treatment with GM1-lactone prevented the elevation of cyclo- and lipoxygenase metabolites especially during reperfusion, with limited effects on lactate and free arachidonate levels.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petroni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertazzo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galli
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000378:metabolism; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000378:metabolism*; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013189:SRS-A / Q000378:metabolism; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D007773:Lactates; D013189:SRS-A; C060696:ganglioside M1 lactone; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D015237:Dinoprost; D008084:Lipoxygenase; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases