title: 2-Deoxy-D-glucose inhibits the antitumor effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on the growth of colon cancer in vivo.
abstract: The glycolytic inhibitor, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), has been shown to inhibit the growth of certain cancers. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. DFMO has been shown to inhibit cancer growth in a number of models. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of 2-DG alone and combined with DFMO on MC-26 mouse colon adenocarcinoma tumors growing in vivo. Twenty-eight male Balb/c mice were inoculated with 250,000 MC-26 cells, and then randomized into four groups of 7 each: group I served as control; group II received DFMO (3% in drinking water); group III received 2-DG (500 mg/kg/d IP); group IV received combination of 2-DG and DFMO. Treatment began 5 days after tumor cell inoculation. MC-26 tumor area was reduced 73% by DFMO compared to a 24% reduction caused by 2-DG. The tumor weight was reduced 80% by DFMO and 52% by 2-DG. The tumor contents of DNA, RNA, and protein were significantly reduced by DFMO but not 2-DG. The tumor concentration of the polyamines putrescine and spermidine were reduced by DFMO alone or combined with 2-DG while spermine levels remained unchanged. 2-DG alone did not alter polyamine levels. These results indicate that both 2-DG and DFMO, when added as single agents, inhibit tumor growth. However, the addition of 2-DG to the DFMO regimen inhibited the antitumor effects of DFMO. Survival studies performed on MC-26 cells in vitro corroborated the antagonisms between DFMO and 2-DG that were shown in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saydjari
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Upp
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Barranco
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015317:Biogenic Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003837:Deoxy Sugars / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000518:Eflornithine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015317:Biogenic Polyamines; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D003837:Deoxy Sugars; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D000518:Eflornithine