title: Biocidal activity of ozone versus formaldehyde against poultry pathogens inoculated in a prototype setter.
abstract: Ozone was evaluated as an alternative hatchery disinfectant to replace formaldehyde in the event that the Environmental Protection Agency regulates the use of formaldehyde under the Toxic Substances Control Act. Cultures of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Bacillus species previously isolated from poultry hatcheries and selected culture collections of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescences, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus species, and Aspergillus fumigatus were spread-plated on open petri plates and independently fumigated with ozone or formaldehyde in a prototype laboratory poultry setter. Ozone (1.52% to 1.65% by weight) resulted in bacterial reductions of greater than 4 to 7 log10 and fungal reductions of greater than 4 log10, whereas formaldehyde achieved reductions of greater than 7 log10 and greater than 5 log10, respectively, after 8 min of exposure to either disinfectant. Potential mutagenic effects were observed in ozonated E. coli colonies resulting in decreased superoxide dismutase activity and increased catalase activity when compared with nonozonated control colonies. In this study ozone reduced microorganism counts but not as much as formaldehyde. Ozone may be used as a disinfectant against selected microorganisms, although further testing under actual hatchery conditions is needed before making recommendations to the industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7624.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Whistler
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Sheldon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000187:drug effects; D001407:Bacillus / Q000187:drug effects; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D002645:Chickens; D004203:Disinfection; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011511:Proteus / Q000187:drug effects; D011551:Pseudomonas fluorescens / Q000187:drug effects; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005557:Formaldehyde; D010126:Ozone