title: A preliminary study on the use of betaine as a cryoprotective agent in deep freezing of stallion semen.
abstract: In a preliminary experiment, betaine was added in concentrations ranging from 0 to 3.0 percent to stallion semen diluted with 4% glycerol extender. Motility of frozen-thawed semen was better in the extenders with high betaine concentration than in those of low concentration or the control. In a subsequent experiment, betaine was added to extended semen from five stallions to make a 2.5% betaine concentration. Two different cooling rates were used. The effect of betaine on spermatozoal motility was positive at both cooling rates studied. Motility of frozen-thawed 2.5% betaine semen samples was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than that of the control samples.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Junnila
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katila
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001622:Betaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005615:Freezing; D008297:Male; D011309:Preservation, Biological; D012661:Semen / Q000187:drug effects*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D001622:Betaine