title: Melanogenesis in the pigment cells of Rana esculenta L. liver: evidence for tyrosinase-like activity in the melanosome protein fraction.
abstract: This work demonstrates the presence of a tyrosinase-like activity in the pigment cells of frog Rana esculenta L. liver. The activity was evidenced in the protein melanosome fraction extracted with differential centrifugation methods. The study of this activity, carried out with spectrophotometric methods, indicates 1) the system presents the characteristics of an allosteric enzyme; 2) the grade of cooperativity shows oscillations going from negative cooperativity toward the substrate, evident in the warmest months of the year, to an absence of cooperativity in the coldest months of the year; and 3) the levels of activity of the system also vary according to season, with the highest levels appearing in the coldest months of the year. Given that this extracutaneous system of pigment cells, different from melanocytes, is able to carry out melanogenesis, we suggest its inclusion in the classification of pigment cells.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Bologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cicero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mallardi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maida
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pintucci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011893:Rana esculenta
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase