title: T cell multideterminant regions in the human immunodeficiency virus envelope: toward overcoming the problem of major histocompatibility complex restriction.
abstract: Helper T cell determinants should be an important component of an anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine aimed at either antibody or cytotoxic T cell immunity. However, model protein studies have raised concern about the usefulness of any single determinant, because a given determinant is likely to be seen by only a small subset of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) types within the population. Here, we use 44 peptides, including ones predicted and not predicted on the basis of amphipathicity to be potential T cell sites, to locate T cell antigenic determinants recognized by mice of four MHC haplotypes immunized with the whole gp 160 envelope protein. Although the preselection of peptides necessitates caution in a statistical analysis, alpha-amphipathic peptides predominated among sites eliciting the strongest response. Although we have not tested the entire sequence, we have identified six multideterminant regions, in which overlapping peptides are recognized by mice of either three or all four MHC types. Four of the six regions have sequences relatively conserved among HIV-1 isolates. The existence of such multideterminant regions recognized by multiple MHC haplotypes suggests the possibility that use of peptides longer than a minimal determinant and containing several overlapping determinants may be a possible approach to circumvent the serious problem of MHC restriction in peptide vaccines aimed at eliciting T cell immunity.
authors.affiliation: Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Cease
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Houghten
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Putney
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Javaherian
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Margalit
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cornette
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Spouge
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DeLisi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000737:chemistry; D000939:Epitopes / Q000737:chemistry; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology*; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000939:Epitopes; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines