title: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
abstract: Four patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are presented; all patients were male and their symptoms were not urinary but nonspecific. Three of the patients are from a low socioeconomic class and did not have adequate medical services; therefore, we suggest that the disease is underreported.
authors.affiliation: Section of Paediatric Surgery, IBN Sina Hospital, Kuwait.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Essa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bader
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014398:Tuberculosis, Renal / Q000473:pathology; D014972:Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery