title: Complete physical map of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gene complex.
abstract: We have found by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis that the human immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gene complex maps entirely to a 350-kilobase (kb) Mlu I fragment. The enzyme Eag I was used with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis alone and in double digests with Spe I to map the region. C gamma 3, of the C gamma 3-C gamma 1-C psi epsilon 1-C alpha 1 cluster, maps 60 kb to the 3' side of C delta; C gamma 2 of the C gamma 2-C gamma 4-C epsilon-C alpha 2 cluster maps 80 kb to the 3' side of C alpha 1, where C gamma 3 encodes the constant region of the immunoglobulin gamma 3 chain, C gamma 1 encodes the constant region of the immunoglobulin gamma 1 chain, etc. C psi gamma maps 35 kb to the 3' side of C alpha 1 and is in the same transcriptional orientation as the other genes. Although in the cloned DNA many CpG-containing restriction sites were identified, most of these were methylated in peripheral blood leukocytes. The sites that were not methylated were predominantly found in three clusters, or Hpa I tiny fragment islands. One was found on the 5' side of C mu; the other two lie 30 kb to the 3' side of each of the C alpha genes and could indicate the presence of regulatory sequences or genes. A region showing strong linkage disequilibrium between all C gamma genes spans at least 160 kb. The 70-kb C mu-C gamma 3 region, however, shows no linkage disequilibrium, possibly indicating a recombination hot spot. The immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region has been almost entirely cloned and mapped, and thus most rearrangements occurring in this region should be detectable.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hofker
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D015139:Blotting, Southern; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003360:Cosmids; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin; D006801:Humans; D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions / Q000235:genetics*; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D015183:Restriction Mapping
chemical_list: D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D004247:DNA