title: The effects of varying cigarette deprivation duration on cognitive and performance tasks.
abstract: The effects of varying times of cigarette deprivation on cognitive and performance tasks were examined. This study employed a between-subjects design in which five groups of smokers (9-10 subjects in each group) were compared on a vigilance task and cognitive measures as a function of length of deprivation (0, 2, 4, 8, or 24 hours). Each subject was tested during baseline ad-lib smoking and at one of the deprivation durations. Difference scores were compared between the 0-hour group and the 2-, 4-, 8-, and 24-hour groups. The results showed that there were no significant withdrawal effects on the measures at 2, 4, and 8 hours after cigarette deprivation with the exception of poorer performance on the Trail Making Test (B) at 4 hours, However, there were significant withdrawal effects at 24-hours deprivation. These included increased mean reaction time, increased variability in reaction time, and increased errors of commission on the vigilance task. There were near significant changes at 24-hours deprivation on the Trail Making Test (B) and Symbol Digits Modalities.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amble
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012691:Serial Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine