title: Two toxins from the venom of Trimeresurus tokarensis.
abstract: 1. Two toxins, Tokaratoxin-1 (TT-1) and Tokaratoxin-2 (TT-2), were isolated from the venom of Trimeresurus tokarensis using gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column, followed by chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and carboxymethyl-cellulose. TT-1 possessed both hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities. However, TT-2 did not show hemorrhagic activity. 2. Homogeneity was established by the formation of a single band in acrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and SDS-PAGE. 3. Molecular weights of TT-1 and TT-2 were 71,000 and 25,400, respectively. Although TT-2 is a basic protein, TT-1 is an acidic protein. 4. Biological activities of TT-1 and TT-2 were inhibited by EDTA, EGTA and o-phenanthroline, suggesting that the toxins are metalloproteins. Atomic absorption analyses indicated that TT-1 contains 2.79 mol Ca/mol protein and TT-2 contains 1.04 mol Ca/mol protein and 1.07 mol Zn/mol protein, respectively. 5. The two toxins degraded the A alpha and B beta chains of fibrinogen. 6. TT-1 induced necrosis in addition to its hemorrhagic activity while TT-2 induced necrosis only.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekoguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugihara
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology* / Q000633:toxicity; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D007328:Insulin; C029748:Trimeresurus venoms; C060334:tokaratoxin 1; C060335:tokaratoxin 2; D005340:Fibrinogen; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases