title: Tourette disorder and bipolar symptomatology in childhood and adolescence.
abstract: Three boys with an early history of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity developed Tourette disorder. At 13, 12 and eight years of age, respectively, each met DSM-III criteria for a manic episode or bipolar disorder. Each of the boys had a family history of affective or affective spectrum disorder. Lithium carbonate in a range of 0.8 to 1.2 meq/L markedly improved their bipolar symptomatology with Tourette symptoms improving in two patients. Further study is suggested to determine the significance of these findings.
authors.affiliation: University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kerbeshian
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burd
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016651:Lithium Carbonate; D008297:Male; D010868:Pimozide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D010868:Pimozide; D016651:Lithium Carbonate; D008094:Lithium