Linoleic acid metabolism in metastatic and nonmetastatic murine mammary tumor cells.
The mechanism(s) by which dietary linoleic acid (18:2n-6) enhances mammary tumor growth and metastasis is not known. Since arachidonic acid (20:4n-6)-derived prostaglandins (PG) may play a role in the metastatic dissemination of tumor cells, the ability of two murine mammary tumor cell lines, 4526 (metastasis positive) and line 168 (spontaneous metastasis negative), to convert 18:2n-6 into prostaglandins was examined. Cells were initially incubated with [14C]18:2n-6 and after 8-24 h the [14C]fatty acids were quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography following transesterification. [14C]18:2n-6 was metabolized primarily to [14C]dihomogammalinolenic acid (20:3n-6) in line 4526 cells and [14C]20:4n-6 in line 168 cells. Examination of cellular fatty acid levels revealed a 20:3n-6/20:4n-6 ratio of 1.79 +/- 0.36 and 0.20 +/- 0.02 in line 4526 and 168 cells, respectively. These data are consistent with an inherently lower delta 5 desaturase activity in line 4526 relative to 168. To assess the metabolism of 18:2n-6 into eicosanoid products, the cell lines were prelabeled with [14C]18:2n-6 or 0-40 microM nonradiolabeled 18:2n-6 overnight and subsequently stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187 for 1 h. Total PGE production, as determined by radioimmunoassay, was greater in 168 relative to 4526 cells at all 18:2n-6 concentrations. 14C-prostaglandins detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and argentation thin-layer chromatography were: PGF1 alpha and PGE1 (derived from 20:3n-6) and PGF2 alpha and PGE 2 (derived from 20:4n-6) from line 4526; PGE1 and PGE2 from line 168. PGE1/PGE2 ratios were 1.43 +/- 0.07 and 0.23 +/- 0.03 for 4526 and 168 lines, respectively. Neither cell line synthesized lipoxygenase products following [14C]18:2n-6 or [3H]-20:4n-6 incubations under the conditions employed. Additional studies are warranted in order to define the biological properties of 1- and 2-series cyclooxygenase products as they relate to tumor cell metastasis.
Chapkin
R S
RS
Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
Hubbard
N E
NE
Buckman
D K
DK
Erickson
K L
KL
D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D011453:Prostaglandins; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases