title: Development of pharmacological sensitivity to adenosine analogs in embryonic chick heart: role of A1 adenosine receptors and adenylyl cyclase inhibition.
abstract: The developing chick heart was employed as a model system to explore temporal correlations between the onset of pharmacological sensitivity to adenosine analogs and the appearance of A1 adenosine receptors coupled to adenylyl cyclase. A characterization of the developmental profile for adenosine analog-induced negative chronotropic response revealed that isolated atria from 5- and 6-day embryos were unresponsive to adenosine analogs. The onset of pharmacological sensitivity occurred on embryonic day 7, as evidenced by a 27% reduction in atrial beating rate in the presence of 2-chloradenosine (2-CIA) (30 microM). The sensitivity of embryonic atria to 2-CIA increased continuously from day 7 to day 12 in ovo, when the atria became fully responsive to the negative chronotropic effect of this adenosine analog. In order to evaluate whether the developmental increase in pharmacological sensitivity to 2-CIA reflected changes in the number of A1 adenosine receptors, the ontogenesis of A1 adenosine receptors was assessed using the antagonist radioligand 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-[3H]dipropylxanthine as a probe. Cardiac membranes from day 5 and day 6 embryos possessed approximately one third of the maximum number of A1 adenosine receptors expressed at later embryonic ages. Additionally, agonist/[3H] DPCPX competition curves revealed that the high affinity state receptors comprised a larger proportion of the total receptor population in membranes from day 6 as compared with day 12 embryos. These results suggest that there are pharmacologically inactive A1 receptors in hearts from day 5 and day 6 embryos. The developmental change in A1 receptor-mediated negative chronotropic response paralleled the increase in [3H]DPCPX binding sites from embryonic day 7 to day 10. Thus, a large fractional occupancy of A1 adenosine receptors is required to express negative chronotropy during this period of embryonic development. Studies of the sensitivity of adenylyl cyclase to inhibition by cyclopentyladenosine as a function of ontogenesis revealed that cyclopentyladenosine inhibited basal adenylyl cyclase activity to a similar maximal extent from embryonic day 5 through day 16. The efficacy of cyclopentyladenosine as an inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase activity was, therefore, stable during a developmental period when A1 receptor density increased approximately 3-fold. Hence, only a fraction of the A1 receptors present during embryogenesis need to be coupled to produce a maximum response with respect to adenylyl cyclase inhibition, which is an indication of the presence of spare receptors. receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parenti
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D015762:2-Chloroadenosine; D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic; D015762:2-Chloroadenosine; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate; C048599:N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D000241:Adenosine