title: N-acetyl-L-tyrosine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine as tyrosine and cysteine precursors during intravenous infusion in humans.
abstract: The usefulness of N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (NAT) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) as tyrosine and cysteine precursors during intravenous infusion was investigated in humans. Plasma levels and urinary excretion of NAT, tyrosine, NAC, and total cysteine were determined, and the site of deacetylation was examined by measuring the splanchnic and renal balances. Eleven healthy volunteers were given 5 g of either NAT or NAC as a 4-hour intravenous infusion. Plasma levels of NAT and NAC increased rapidly, accompanied by a 25% increase in tyrosine levels and a 35% decrease in total cysteine. Urinary excretion of NAT and NAC in 4 hours accounted for 56% and 11% of the infused amount, respectively. No net production of tyrosine or cysteine was found from the splanchnic area, but from the kidneys there was a small release of both tyrosine (10 +/- 3 mumol/min) and cysteine (64 +/- 3 mumol/min). We conclude that under these conditions the usefulness of NAT and NAC as precursors for the corresponding amino acids in humans is not apparent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ekman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wångdahl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wahren
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000328:Adult; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential / Q000378:metabolism; D001682:Biological Availability; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D000601:Amino Acids, Essential; D014443:Tyrosine; C025787:N-acetyltyrosine; D003545:Cysteine; D000111:Acetylcysteine