title: T-cell-independent and T-cell-dependent antibody responses in patients with chronic renal failure.
abstract: Antibody responses against pneumococcal capsular antigens and tetanus toxoid were measured in 14 patients with chronic renal failure who were managed by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or haemodialysis (HD) and in eight healthy controls. IgG antipneumococcal responses were predominantly of the IgG2 and to a lesser extent IgG1 subclasses, while the IgG response against tetanus toxoid was largely IgG1 with smaller amounts of IgG4 and IgG3. The post-immunisation serum levels of IgG1 and IgM antibody against both antigens were significantly reduced in the uraemic patients compared with controls (P less than 0.05). All the uraemic patients had normal levels of IgG, IgA and IgM in the serum, but elevated levels of IgG3 prior to immunisation. The mechanisms responsible for the asymmetric depression of antibody responses in uraemia are unclear and may account in part for the increased susceptibility to infection in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beaman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: MacLennan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid