title: An assay for the detection of interleukin-1 synthesis inhibitors: effects of antirheumatic drugs.
abstract: The monokines interleukin-1 beta and alpha (IL-1) play a central role in the connective tissue destruction of many chronic inflammatory diseases. A high capacity screening assay for the detection of inhibitors of IL-1 biosynthesis has been established. Normal human monocytes were obtained by leukapheresis and elutriation. IL-1 beta and alpha biosynthesis was stimulated with LPS, and cell-associated and secreted IL-1 beta and IL-1 alpha were measured by specific immunoassays (ELISA). The mean total IL-1 beta (cell-associated and secreted) production in 18 different donors was 11 ng/10(6) cells (range 1.2-28.8). Secreted IL-1 beta represented 31 to 86% of the total IL-1 beta. More IL-1 alpha than IL-1 beta was produced but, unlike IL-1 beta, IL-1 alpha was poorly secreted. The steroids prednisolone and dexamethasone, gold (sodium aurothiomalate) and chloroquine were potent inhibitors of the IL-1 production. Mean IC50 values of 180 nM (range 2.5 nM-1 microns), 10 microM (range 6-20 microM) and of 75 microM were found for prednisolone, gold and chloroquine, respectively. Above 5 microM, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds indomethacin and BW755C increased IL-1 beta biosynthesis. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibited the level of the secreted form of IL-1 beta, but tended to increase the cell-associated level. D-Penicillamine (up to 6 mM), cyclosporin A (up to 1 microM) and methotrexate (up to 12 microM) inhibited neither cell-associated nor secreted IL-1 beta levels. This high capacity assay, which is insensitive to classical NSAIDs, may serve in the detection and characterization of new classes of anti-inflammatory compounds.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceuticals Division, Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rordorf-Adam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lazdins
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Woods-Cook
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alteri
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Henn
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Feige
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Towbin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Erard
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D006052:Gold Sodium Thiomalate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013256:Steroids
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D013256:Steroids; D006052:Gold Sodium Thiomalate; D002738:Chloroquine