title: Early versus late hospital arrival for acute myocardial infarction in the western Washington thrombolytic therapy trials.
abstract: In the 3 Western Washington thrombolytic therapy trials, 54.9% of patients with acute myocardial infarction arrived at the hospital within 2 hours of symptom onset. These early arrivers were younger and more likely to be hypotensive and in cardiogenic shock than were patients arriving later. There were decreases in the time from symptom onset to hospital arrival (p = 0.0002) and in the time from hospital arrival to institution of thrombolytic therapy (p less than 0.0001) in the 8 hospitals that participated in both the Western Washington intravenous streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator trials from 1983 to 1988. For those patients receiving thrombolysis, early arrival was associated with increased survival (p = 0.031) after adjustment by Cox regression analysis for important clinical predictors of long-term survival. These covariates included pulmonary edema, anterior wall acute myocardial infarction, hypotension and absence of chest pain at hospital arrival. Reductions in barriers to timely administration of thrombolytic therapy can be achieved and can result in improved survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maynard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Althouse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olsufka
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004630:Emergencies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011897:Random Allocation; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014861:Washington
chemical_list: D013300:Streptokinase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator