title: Value of antenatal diagnosis of abnormalities of the urinary tract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of antenatal diagnosis of abnormalities of the urinary tract on ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two obstetric units in Glasgow.
  
  
  METHODS
  62 Fetuses in which renal abnormalities were diagnosed on antenatal ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six fetuses had their bladders aspirated to determine renal function. Fifteen pregnancies were terminated on the basis of the findings on antenatal ultrasonography, and if possible necropsy was performed on the fetuses. In babies who were born alive the final diagnosis was made by postnatal ultrasonography, intravenous urography, radionuclide scanning, cystography, and, in those who died in the early neonatal period, necropsy. Neonates who were referred with a known obstructed kidney had nephrostomy or pyeloplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of the value of antenatal diagnosis of renal abnormalities on ultrasonography for babies who had no clinical evidence of disease postnatally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen fetuses did not survive birth; the antenatal diagnosis was accurate in all 18. Of the 44 babies born alive, five had normal urinary tracts, in two of whom antenatal ultrasonography had probably indicated a false positive diagnosis. Fourteen babies died during the early neonatal period. Twenty five babies with renal abnormalities were followed up; the antenatal diagnosis was inaccurate for 10 of them, the commonest misdiagnosis being hydronephrosis for multicystic kidney and vice versa, and there was one false positive diagnosis. The initial clinical findings in 14 babies would have led to the early detection of a urological abnormality. In the 30 babies with no clinical evidence of disease the antenatal diagnosis was of definite value in eight, probable value in 15, and marginal value in seven. Overall, an accurate antenatal diagnosis was made in 46 of the 62 cases (74%); in 12 cases renal disease was detected but its specific nature was not determined; and in four cases the diagnosis was misleading.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall value of antenatal diagnosis is that it indicates early termination of fetuses with fatal renal disease, prepares parents and medical staff for the likelihood of serious neonatal problems, and shows abnormalities of the urinary tract that may not be detected postnatally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Greig
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Raine
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Azmy
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Danskin
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Whittle
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: McNay
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*