title: Gd-DTPA enhancement of posterior epidural scar: an experimental model.
abstract: Because of the tremendous clinical and physiological importance of anterior epidural scar, an easily produced and reproducible model to assess potential pathways for lessening its formation is a necessity. We speculated whether posterior epidural scar (produced by the less complex surgery of laminectomy alone) could be considered equivalent to anterior scar from an imaging standpoint; that is, enhancement following Gd-DTPA irrespective of scar age. Posterior epidural scar in dogs showed the highest degree of enhancement 1 month after surgery, with a rapid decline thereafter out to 4 months postsurgery to a level equivalent to that of paraspinal muscle. Gd-153-DTPA time/activity curves paralleled the Gd-DTPA findings. Light microscopy showed granulation tissue after 1 month, and mature scar with large amounts of collagen 4 months after surgery. Electron microscopy showed tight capillary endothelial junctions. An appropriate model for epidural scar, which has imaging characteristics similar to human anterior scar, necessitates an extensive lumbar laminectomy with anterior epidural dissection. A simple laminectomy, while easily performed, does not provide a physiologically correct time course of enhancement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, OH 44106.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blaser
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Masaryk
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Emory
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bolesta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Modic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003287:Contrast Media; D004285:Dogs; D004727:Endothelium / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D007796:Laminectomy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D013115:Spinal Canal / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA