title: 1H and 31P NMR measurement of cerebral lactate, high-energy phosphate levels, and pH in humans during voluntary hyperventilation: associated EEG, capnographic, and Doppler findings.
abstract: In order to explore the sensitivity of spatially resolved 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy on a whole-body NMR instrument, cerebral metabolic changes in human volunteers were measured during hyperventilation provocation. During hyperventilation the flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery decreased significantly and the EEG showed a marked increase in slow activity. 1H NMR spectra revealed an increase in cerebral lactate concentration. 31P NMR spectra showed no changes in ATP or PCr peak heights, but a shift toward tissue alkalosis was derived from changes in Pi chemical shift. During subsequent recovery, lactate concentration decreased and a slight intracellular acidosis was detected. In three experiments broadening of the lactate resonance peak resulted in separation into two components at 1.32 and 1.48 ppm, in which the latter signal possibly arose from alanine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: van Rijen
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Luyten
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van der Sprenkel
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kraaier
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van Huffelen
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Tulleken
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: den Hollander
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000032:analysis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006985:Hyperventilation / Q000378:metabolism*; D007773:Lactates / Q000032:analysis*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D010710:Phosphates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide