title: Electromagnetically generated extracorporeal shock waves for gallstone lithotripsy: in vitro experiments and clinical relevance.
abstract: First generation shock wave sources have been proved to disintegrate gallstones effectively, but they require the immersion of the patient's body in a tank of water. A recently developed second generation shock wave source (Siemens-Lithostar, Erlangen, FRG) generates shock waves electromagnetically. It presents several novel features. In particular the waterbath can be omitted and due to lower shock wave pressure general anaesthesia is not required. In vitro studies showed that 36 out of 38 gallstones (11-30 mm in diameter) could be disintegrated. Two concrements resisting lithotripsy were pure white cholesterol stones. Independent of shape, size, and composition (cholesterol or pigment) the maximum diameter of remaining fragments after lithotripsy was between 1 and 8 mm. For sufficient disintegration precise focusing (+/- 1 cm) of the stones and maximum power of the shock wave generator were required.
authors.affiliation: I. Medical Department, University of Mainz, FRG.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Staritz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rambow
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mildenberger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goebel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scherfe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grosse
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Junginger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hohenfellner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thelen
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Meyer zum Büschenfelde
mesh_terms: D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000032:analysis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed