A mathematical model of facultative mutualism with populations interacting in a food chain.
Facultative mutualism with populations interacting in a food chain is modeled by a system of four autonomous ordinary differential equations. Two cases are considered: mutualism with the prey and mutualism with the first predator. In both cases persistence and extinction criteria are developed in terms of the invariant flows on the boundaries.
Kumar
R
R
Freedman
H I
HI
D000818:Animals; D004463:Ecology; D008433:Mathematics; D008954:Models, Biological; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011235:Predatory Behavior