title: Treatment of invasive aspergillosis with itraconazole.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Invasive aspergillosis in the immunocompromised host is one of the most difficult therapeutic problems. Itraconazole, a new oral triazole, is inhibitory as well as fungicidal against Aspergillus species in vitro. It is active against Aspergillus infections in animal models. We present our experience with itraconazole therapy of 21 patients with aspergillosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen of the 21 patients received 400 mg of itraconazole orally per day; the other three received 100 to 200 mg daily. Serum concentrations of itraconazole were measured and susceptibility testing was performed according to previously described methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 15 evaluable patients, responses were produced in 12. Four of five with invasive pulmonary disease, two of two with skeletal disease, one of two with pleural disease, one of one with pericardial, sinus, mastoid, or hepatosplenic aspergillosis, and one of one with onychomycosis responded. One patient with carotid artery disease did not show a response, although results of cultures were negative at autopsy. One responder with joint disease had a possible relapse three months after completing 12 months of therapy. Ten of these patients were immunocompromised (including four with neutropenia and two renal transplant recipients) and eight of these responded. Side effects with itraconazole, in contrast to previously available therapy, were rare.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This experience suggests itraconazole may be an important advance in the therapy of aspergillosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California 95128.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Denning
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D017964:Itraconazole; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017964:Itraconazole; D007654:Ketoconazole