Effect of ampicillin-induced alterations in murine intestinal microbiota on the survival and competition of environmentally released pseudomonads.
The environmental release of genetically altered microorganisms has prompted the investigation of their potential health effects by the employment of other-than-human models. Although direct health effects are addressed, this investigation examines primarily some potential indirect health effects associated with environmentally released microorganisms. Indirect effects examined include colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, competition with the resident microbiota, and translocation of the dosed microorganisms to other organs. Pseudomonads used in this study were isolated from a commercial product marketed for environmental PCB degradation. When mice were dosed by gavage with approximately 10(9) ampicillin-resistant pseudomonads, an increase in recovery from the intestinal tract, as compared to untreated animals, was observed 48 hr after dosing. Intestinal survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BC16 was enhanced 1000-fold and that of P. maltophilia strain BC6, 10-fold. Strains BC17 and BC18 were unaffected. Ampicillin treatment had a significant effect on the relative number of microbiota in the intestine, by selecting primarily for the facultative species. The lactose-fermenting enterobacteria, obligately anaerobic predominantly Gram-negative rods, and total aerobic and anaerobic populations were monitored in the presence and absence of the PCB-degrading pseudomonad. P. aeruginosa strain BC17 and P. maltophilia strain BC6 had a dose effect (p less than 0.05) on the total aerobic and anaerobic populations as well as the lactose-fermenting enterobacteria. These results are similar to those for the mouse isolate control, strain PAMG. P. aeruginosa strain BC18 had a dose effect (p less than 0.05) on the total anaerobic population, including the obligately anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli. No translocation of the dosed strains to the liver, spleen, or lung was observed 48 hr after dosing.
George
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Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.
Walsh
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Stead
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Claxton
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D000667:Ampicillin / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000187:drug effects; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000187:drug effects; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D007785:Lactose / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000378:metabolism; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
D000667:Ampicillin; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D007785:Lactose