title: Teicoplanin pharmacokinetics and bioavailability during peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin in serum and dialysate were examined in a crossover study after intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of a 3 mg/kg dose to five anuric patients who were undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Blood and dialysate samples were obtained for 30 and 15 days, respectively, and were assayed microbiologically. The principal pharmacokinetic parameters after intravenous administration were as follows: total body clearance, 2.76 +/- 1.08 ml/min; elimination half-life, 377 +/- 109 hours; volume of distribution at steady state, 1.04 +/- 0.18 L/kg. Only 9% +/- 6% of the intravenous dose was recovered in the dialysate and the net peritoneal clearance was 0.25 +/- 0.21 ml/min. Bioavailability values, which were assessed by use of three methods after intraperitoneal administration and while dialysate was retained in the peritoneal cavity for 5 hours (dwell time), were 0.77 +/- 0.21, 0.78 +/- 0.05, and 0.76 +/- 0.08. Changes in bioavailability with dwell time were also examined. A dosing guide, which accounts for changes in bioavailability with dwell time, is presented.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0446.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brouard
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kapusnik
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gambertoglio
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Schoenfeld
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sachdeva
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Freel
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Tozer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D005260:Female; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D017334:Teicoplanin
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006020:Glycopeptides; D017334:Teicoplanin