title: Methylene blue but not changes in cyclic GMP inhibits resting and bradykinin-stimulated production of prostacyclin by pig aortic endothelial cells.
abstract: 1. Primary cultures of pig aortic endothelial cells produced 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto PGF1 alpha), the stable breakdown product of prostacyclin, both in the resting state and in response to bradykinin. The rise in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production induced by bradykinin (1-100 nM) was concentration-dependent. 2. Treating endothelial cells with the inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, methylene blue (0.1-20 microM) produced an irreversible reduction in resting and bradykinin (0.1 microM)-stimulated production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha with an IC50 of 0.5 +/- 0.1 microM. Treating endothelial cells with haemoglobin (10 microM) had no effect on resting or bradykinin (0.1 microM)-stimulated production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. 3. Two stimuli that elevate the level of guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in endothelial cells, 8-bromo cyclic GMP (30 microM) and atriopeptin II (0.1 microM), each had no effect on resting or bradykinin (0.1 microM)-stimulated production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Furthermore, treating endothelial cells with either 8-bromo cyclic GMP (30 microM) or atriopeptin II (0.1 microM) had no effect on the ability of methylene blue (20 microM) to inhibit resting or bradykinin (0.1 microM)-stimulated production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. 4. Adding arachidonic acid (1 microM) to endothelial cells led to a marked stimulation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production. Treating cells with either methylene blue (20 microM) or the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, flurbiprofen (10 microM), inhibited both resting and arachidonic acid (1 microM)-induced production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. 5. In pig aortic endothelial cells methylene blue appears to block prostacyclin production by a mechanism independent of inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase. Care should be exercised when using methylene blue as a selective inhibitor of endothelium-derived relaxing factor due to its additional ability to block production of the other endothelium-derived vasodilator, prostacyclin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Glasgow.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Drazan
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Newby
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D011464:Epoprostenol; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D001920:Bradykinin; D008751:Methylene Blue