title: The daily course of the symptomatology and the impaired time estimation in endogenous depression (melancholia).
abstract: The importance of 'typical' diurnal variations in mood (depression worse in the morning) as a diagnostic criterion of endogenous depression has been challenged in previous investigations. Disturbance in time experience may contribute towards an understanding of diurnal variation in depressive symptomatology. To examine this hypothesis a series of time estimation experiments was conducted in the course of the day. Twenty-five endogenous depressive patients (according to ICD-9) and 12 healthy controls were asked to estimate prospectively a 30-s interval on two successive days at 7.30 a.m., 11.30 a.m., 3.30 p.m. and 7.30 p.m. Simultaneously the subjects assessed their state of well-being using a visual analogue mood scale. A circadian rhythm of time estimation errors could not be detected; even in daily courses with 'typical' diurnal variations an increasingly favourable self-assessment of well-being was not accompanied by a corresponding diurnal fluctuation of time estimation. These results cast additional doubts on the significance of 'typical' diurnal variations in depressive symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, F.R.G.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuhs
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kammer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tölle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013998:Time Perception