title: Antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the urine specimens of HIV-1-seropositive individuals.
abstract: Specific antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were detected in 200-fold concentrated urine samples, but none were detected in unconcentrated urine specimens, from 100 randomly selected HIV-1--seropositive individuals by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot techniques using the manufacturer's recommended procedures. Using modified methods for both the ELISA and Western blot tests, antibodies to HIV-1 have also been detected in the unconcentrated urine specimens from the same HIV-1--seropositive individuals. No difference in the frequency of antibodies to HIV-1 were found between unconcentrated and 200-fold concentrated urine samples when tested by the modified methods. HIV-1 core antigen (p24) was not detected in either the concentrated or the unconcentrated HIV-1--seropositive adult urine samples; none of these individuals showed overt clinical or laboratory evidence of renal dysfunction. The titer of the antibodies to HIV-1 found in the urine specimens was found to be parallel with the titer of antibodies to HIV-1 in the corresponding individual's serum. Further elucidation of the pathophysiology and the nature of the specific antibodies to HIV-1 observed in the urine of HIV-1--seropositive individuals is under investigation in our laboratories.
authors.affiliation: New York University Medical Center, Department of Microbiology, NY 10016.
authors.forename: Y Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hosein
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Borkowsky
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirabile
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Poiesz
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Friedman-Kien
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000652:urine; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000652:urine*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000652:urine; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies