title: [Vertical development of the jaw in cases of trisomy 21: interaction of form and function].
abstract: With reference to lateral tele-X-rays of 1896 patients with trisomy 21 in the period from birth up to the 14th year of life, the vertical development of the face was analysed. 1154 healthy children of the same age serve as control group. Particular attention is paid to the question as to the importance of parafunctional forces which derive from the lingual protrusion typical for trisomy 21. In the context of the statistical analysis, group differences were tested by means of analysis of variance. There were the following results: the hypoplastic development of the midface also involves the vertical dimension. There is a reduced caudal development of the maxilla; the horizontal positioning of the maxilla is only altered slightly in that the maxilla is depressed somewhat less posteriorly; the mandible shows a slightly hypoplastic development, and the mandibular angle is slightly reduced in size; an increased presence of a vertical growth type is not found; the parafunctional force deriving from the lingual protrusion do not have any demonstrable effect on the vertical skeletal development, but bring about a bialveolar protrusion of the incisors; the frontal vertical open bites found in trisomy 21 are mainly dento-alveolar in nature.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fischer-Brandies
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007568:Jaw / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014061:Tongue Habits; D014716:Vertical Dimension
vernacular_title: Développement vertical des mâchoires dans les cas de trisomie 21: interaction de la forme et de la fonction.