title: Behaviour in rats maintained by low differential reinforcement rate: effects of delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabidiol, alone and in combination.
abstract: Rats were trained to respond according to a low rate differential reinforcement (DRL) 72 sec schedule of operant behaviour. The animals were then tested with delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 1-THC), cannabinol, and cannabidiol alone and in combination. Tests with single doses of delta 1-THC (dose-range: 0.3-5.6 mg/kg) and cannabinol (dose-range: 1-56 mg/kg) but not cannabidiol (dose-range 3-100 mg/kg), yielded a dose-related biphasic effect on the response rate. Small doses of delta 1-THC and cannabinol increased the rate of responding, large doses of these agents decreased it. Cannabidiol alone only decreased the rate of responding (occurring at large doses). The rate of reinforcement generally was decreased when response rates increased and vice versa. Cannabidiol (10 and 30 kg/kg), together with delta 1-THC (1 and 3 mg/kg), decreased the response output and increased the rate of reinforcement. Similar results were observed with combinations of cannabinol (10 and 30 mg/kg) and cannabidiol (10 and 30 mg/kg). Combinations of delta 1-THC (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) and cannabinol (1 and 3 mg/kg) also reduced the response rate and there were no significant changes in the rate of reinforcement. Hence the actions of delta 1-THC and cannabinol on behaviour in rats maintained by low rate differential reinforcement were similar (approximate difference in potency 1:10), whereas no stimulation of response rate was demonstrated with cannabidiol. Vehicle and day of testing (Tuesday or Friday) variables were found not to affect the results.
authors.affiliation: University of Uppsala, Department of Clinical Psychology, Sweden.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: T U
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: Järbe
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kamkar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Archer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002185:Cannabidiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002187:Cannabinol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012016:Reference Values; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D002185:Cannabidiol; D013759:Dronabinol; D002187:Cannabinol