Dietary habits and effects of dietary advice in patients with type 2 diabetes. Results from a one-year intervention study.
The diets of 22 patients with type 2 diabetes were evaluated by a dietary-history interview. Sixteen of the patients were also interviewed after a 1-year intervention period, to find out whether continuous contact with a dietitian at a health centre could influence the food habits and thereby improve the metabolic control. In most participants the diabetes was fairly well controlled on entry into the study. Another 24 patients took part in the same intervention programme but did not agree to participate in the dietary-history interview. These subjects had, in general, a poorer metabolic control on admission. According to the study design, the patients were to make four visits to the dietitian during the first 6 months, and one visit at the end of the year. The patients were advised to eat a fat-modified, fibre-enriched diet. Among the patients who completed both the intervention programme and the dietary-history interviews there were significant reductions in mean body weight, haemoglobin A1c and serum triglycerides during the first half of the study. After 12 months, however, only the mean body weight and serum triglycerides remained lower than before the intervention period. A study of the fatty acid composition of the plasma cholesterol esters showed a significant reduction of the content of oleic acid (18:1 n-9). The dietary interviews indicated only minor changes (not significant) in the intake of energy and different nutrients, including dietary fibre, after 1 year. However, the effects of the intervention were better in the patients who did not participate in the dietary interview with significant reductions in the mean body weight, fasting blood glucose, haemoglobin A1c and serum triglycerides also after 1 year.
Karlström
B
B
Department of Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Nydahl
M
M
Vessby
B
B
D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged