title: Presence of coupled trinuclear copper cluster in mammalian ceruloplasmin is essential for efficient electron transfer to oxygen.
abstract: The reactivity with dioxygen of a mammalian (sheep) ceruloplasmin, anaerobically reduced with ascorbate, was found to depend on the state of the Type 2 and Type 3 copper centers, as monitored by EPR and optical spectroscopy. A complete reoxidation by air after anaerobic reduction with ascorbate was observed with samples (A) purified by the single-step procedure described for chicken ceruloplasmin (Calabrese, L., Carbonaro, M., and Musci, G. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 6480-6483), while samples prepared by traditional multistep procedure (B) or subjected to freeze-thawing (C) displayed partial and very slow reoxidation, reflecting the functional nonequivalence of blue coppers which is considered a typical property of mammalian ceruloplasmin. The rate of reduction of the 330 nm chromophore was found to increase as a function of the extent and rate of reoxidation of different samples, while the 610 nm band displayed an opposite trend. Samples B and C showed a Type 2 copper signal in the EPR spectrum, while sample A showed practically no Type 2 copper in the oxidized protein, and a transient Type 2-like signal during reduction. The presence of a trinuclear Type 2-Type 3 cluster can therefore be proposed for all ceruloplasmins, and the integrity of the copper-copper coupling is essential for efficient oxidase behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Sciences, Universita La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carbonaro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Musci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000502:physiology*; D003300:Copper / Q000502:physiology*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012756:Sheep; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D002570:Ceruloplasmin