title: Activation of human papillomavirus type 18 gene expression by herpes simplex virus type 1 viral transactivators and a phorbol ester.
abstract: Several viral trans-activators and a tumor promoter were examined for the ability to activate human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) gene expression. A plasmid containing the HPV-18 noncoding region placed upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene was cotransfected with different herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genes into several cell lines. Both HSV-1 TIF and ICP0 activated HPV-18 expression; however, activation by TIF was observed only in epithelial cells, while ICP0 stimulated expression in a wide variety of cells. The element activated by both TIF and ICP0 was mapped to a 229-base-pair fragment which also contains an HPV-18 epithelial cell-preferred enhancer. The inclusion of a papillomavirus E2 trans-activator with TIF and ICP0 further increased HPV-18 expression. In contrast, the HSV-1 ICP4 and ICP27 genes, as well as the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat genes, were found to have no effect on HPV-18 expression. In transient assays, the addition of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) also activated HPV-18 expression. The region of HPV-18 activated by TPA was localized to a sequence which is homologous to other TPA-responsive elements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gius
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Laimins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005347:Fibroblasts; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006367:HeLa Cells; D051379:Mice; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate