Genotoxicity of monofunctional methanesulphonates in the SOS chromotest as a function of alkylation mechanisms. A comparison with the mutagenicity in S. typhimurium TA100.
17 monofunctional methanesulphonates of widely varying structures were investigated in the SOS chromotest using the E. coli strain PQ37. All compounds tested were positive in this assay. The monofunctional methanesulphonates in general possess low SOSiP values. Five of the compounds tested i.e. iBMS, NpMS, 2 PhPMS, PkMS and 1,3-DC12PMS (for abbreviations see Table 1) did not show increasing beta-galactosidase activity and both the positive induction factors and the positive SOSiP values resulted from the toxicity correction as performed according to Quillardet and Hofnung (1985). In general methanesulphonates with a higher SN1 reactivity, in particular the secondary compounds, showed clear genotoxic activities whereas those possessing low SN1 reactivities (primary compounds) induced a low SOS repair indicating that the alkylation of O-atoms in the DNA bases contributes more to the induction of SOS repair in strain PQ37 than N-alkylations. The only exception was methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) which possessed a very high SN2 reactivity but a rather low SN1 reactivity. It had the highest SOSiP value of all tested methanesulphonates. No dependence of the genotoxicity on the SN2 reactivity could be found in this series. In general the phenyl-substituted methanesulphonates showed higher SOSiP values, which is presumably due to their relatively high SN1 reactivities and their relatively long life times in aqueous systems. There is a clear relationship between SN1 reactivities and the SOSiP values: the SOSiP values increase with rising SN1 reactivities reaching a maximum at iPMS after which the genotoxicities decrease due to the decreasing life times. The compounds with very high SN1 reactivities also possess very high hydrolysis rates. A good correlation could be established between the mutagenicities in S. typhimurium TA100 and the SOS chromotest (strain PQ37). Only 4 small deviations from this correlation could be found. The reasons for these deviations are discussed.
Eder
E
E
Institute of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, F.R.G.
Deininger
C
C
Kütt
W
W
D000478:Alkylation; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008698:Mesylates / Q000633:toxicity*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D013014:SOS Response, Genetics / Q000187:drug effects*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
D008698:Mesylates; D001616:beta-Galactosidase