title: Blastocoel expansion in the preimplantation mouse embryo: role of extracellular sodium and chloride and possible apical routes of their entry.
abstract: The trophectoderm of the mouse blastocyst is a fluid transporting epithelium that is responsible for generating a fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. Vectorial transport of ions from the medium into the blastocoel generates an osmotic gradient that drives fluid across this epithelium. We report here that substitution of Na+ or Cl-, but not K+, in the medium halves the rate of blastocoel expansion in the mouse blastocyst. Entrance of Na+ into the trophectoderm may involve several routes, since both blastocoel expansion and 22Na+ uptake are decreased in the presence of the highly specific Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride, and to a lesser extent with the amiloride-sensitive Na+-channel blocker, benzamil. Uptake of 22Na+ manifests saturation kinetics as a function of extracellular Na+ concentration, whereas uptake of 36Cl- is linear. Furthermore, neither 4,4-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid, which is an inhibitor of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, nor 2-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-5-nitrobenzoic acid, which is a Cl- -channel blocker, affect either blastocoel expansion or 36Cl- uptake. These results suggest that Na+ entry into the mouse blastocyst is carrier-mediated and probably involves several routes that include the Na+/H+ exchanger and possibly the Na+-channel. Chloride entry, however, may not be carrier-mediated and may occur through a paracellular route, i.e., between the trophectodermal cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6018.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Manejwala
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Cragoe
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schultz
mesh_terms: D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; D012856:4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000584:Amiloride / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D018118:Chloride Channels; D027963:Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters; D002712:Chlorides / Q000502:physiology*; D015638:Cytochalasin D; D003572:Cytochalasins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000502:physiology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology; D007700:Kinetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D009579:Nitrobenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000502:physiology; D012964:Sodium / Q000502:physiology*; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018118:Chloride Channels; D027963:Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters; D002712:Chlorides; D003572:Cytochalasins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009579:Nitrobenzoates; D015222:Sodium Channels; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; C013407:benzamil; C059350:2-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-5-nitrobenzoic acid; D015638:Cytochalasin D; D012856:4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid; D000584:Amiloride; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D012964:Sodium; D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; D011188:Potassium; C039614:ethylisopropylamiloride