title: Rapid microtitre plate test distinguishes insecticide resistant acetylcholinesterase genotypes in the mosquitoes Anopheles albimanus, An. nigerrimus and Culex pipiens.
abstract: A rapid method of distinguishing insecticide insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) genotypes was applied to three species of mosquitoes. This relies on comparing rates of an AChE mediated reaction in the presence and absence of insecticides which are inhibitors, using a kinetic microtitre plate reader. Clearer and more rapid resolution between genotypes was achieved than with previous assays which measure the amount of product formed at a fixed end-point. Results are presented for the F1s from crossing resistant and susceptible Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann and Culex pipiens L., for a strain of An. albimanus with a translocation linking the AChE gene to the Y chromosome and for field collected An. nigerrimus Giles. Propoxur and malaoxon were used as inhibitors. In all three species the enzyme was more insensitive to propoxur than malaoxon. Susceptible enzymes in all species also showed higher uninhibited AChE activity than their resistant counterparts. Presentation of both inhibited and uninhibited activities side by side may be useful to identify insects likely to be misclassified due to abnormally low AChE activities. Estimated frequencies of the three resistance genotypes in field populations of An. nigerrimus conformed to Hardy-Weinberg ratios. The implications of this technique for laboratory and field studies on insects are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ffrench-Constant
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Bonning
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D002138:Calibration; D003465:Culex / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D007306:Insecticides; D008294:Malathion / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D001074:Propoxur
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; C100082:malaoxon; D001074:Propoxur; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D008294:Malathion