title: Effects of gammalinolenic acid on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins.
abstract: Nineteen hypercholesterolemic patients (10 without and 9 with hypertriglyceridemia) were given evening primrose oil rich in gammalinolenic acid (GLA, 18: 3n - 6), in a placebo controlled cross-over design, over 16 weeks (8 + 8 weeks), with safflower oil as the placebo. During supplementation with evening primrose oil, dihomogammalinolenic acid (20: 3n - 6) increased in plasma lipids and red blood cells, and in subjects without hypertriglyceridemia there was a significant decrease in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and plasma apolipoprotein B compared with the levels observed during safflower oil administration. Our results confirmed that evening primrose oil is effective in lowering low density lipoprotein in hypercholesterolemic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Aoto Hospital, Jikei Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiyama
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morino
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kagami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D008042:Linolenic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D031665:Oenothera biennis; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D010938:Plant Oils; D011897:Random Allocation; D012450:Safflower Oil / Q000494:pharmacology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D008042:Linolenic Acids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D010743:Phospholipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; C028498:evening primrose oil; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid; D012450:Safflower Oil; D002784:Cholesterol