title: The estimation of dietary protein intake in chronic renal failure.
abstract: Forty-five adult clinic patients with chronic renal failure each supplied a 4-day weighed dietary record, a 24-h urine collection, and a nocturnal spot urine sample. Total nitrogen (N) losses derived from the urines were corrected for proteinuria and non-urea nitrogen excretion. Individual estimates of N intake were compared by correlation and assessing the level of agreement. Daily urea N excretion derived from the spot sample correlated well with the 24-h collection P less than 0.001, but the degree of agreement was poor, mean difference being +1.62 g with 95% limits of +5.7 to -2.47 g. The correlation between the spot-sample-derived N loss and dietary N intake was poor, r = 0.42; P less than 0.05. For 12 patients taking a low-protein diet, N intake correlated well with 24-h urine derived N losses, P less than 0.001, mean difference being +0.59 g, 95% limits +2.39 to -1.21 g. The correlation and agreement was less satisfactory for the subjects who had not received dietary instruction, due largely to individual variation in day-to-day protein intake. Use of spot urine samples is too inaccurate for routine clinical practice. Single 24-h urine derived estimates of N intake are only of value for assessing patients previously prescribed a low-protein intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics, Cardiff Royal Infirmary, Wales, UK.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Coles
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Meadows
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bright
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D015930:Diet Records; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000652:urine; D014508:Urea / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014508:Urea; D009584:Nitrogen