title: Safety and efficacy of amlodipine added to hydrochlorothiazide therapy in essential hypertension.
abstract: We compared amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, to placebo as add-on therapy to hydrochlorothiazide in 91 hypertensive patients inadequately controlled on hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/d for four weeks). This was a double-blind, randomized, multicenter, parallel group-trial; 45 patients received placebo and 46 received amlodipine in doses of 2.5 to 10 mg qd (mean 9 mg/d). Supine blood pressure systolic/diastolic, mean +/- SE mm Hg) 24-hour postdose was significantly reduced by 14.2 +/- 2.3/11.7 +/- 1, compared to placebo, 4.5 +/- 2.7/5 +/- 1.2. Standing blood pressure was similarly reduced: amlodipine by 14 +/- 2.7/12.5 +/- 1.2; placebo by 3 +/- 2.1/5.8 +/- 1.2. This reduction in blood pressure was attained without any significant changes in pulse rate, EKG, and serum lipids (triglycerides were reduced in the amlodipine group by 42.9 mg/dL, P = .023). Only two patients had side effects requiring discontinuation from the study (both in the amlodipine group). Side effects occurred in 27 amlodipine-treated patients (11 with peripheral edema) and 18 patients in the placebo (three with peripheral edema) group. Investigator's assessment of therapeutic effect and tolerability, and the percent of responders v nonresponders was also in favor of amlodipine. Thus amlodipine administered once daily is an effective and safe agent for second-step therapy in mild to moderate essential hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa 33612.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Glasser
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Chrysant
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rofman
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Koehn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D017311:Amlodipine; D009543:Nifedipine