Molecular basis of adult-onset and chronic GM2 gangliosidoses in patients of Ashkenazi Jewish origin: substitution of serine for glycine at position 269 of the alpha-subunit of beta-hexosaminidase.
Chronic and adult-onset GM2 gangliosidoses are neurological disorders caused by marked deficiency of the A isoenzyme of beta-hexosaminidase; they occur in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, though less frequently than classic (infantile) Tay-Sachs disease. Earlier biosynthetic studies had identified a defective alpha-subunit that failed to associate with the beta-subunit. We have now found a guanosine to adenosine transition at the 3' end of exon 7, which causes substitution of serine for glycine at position 269 of the alpha-subunit [designated 269 (Gly----Ser) substitution]. An RNase protection assay was used to localize the mutation to a segment of mRNA from fibroblasts of a patient with the adult-onset disorder. That segment of mRNA (after reverse transcription) and a corresponding segment of genomic DNA were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced by the dideoxy method. The sequence analysis, together with an assay based on the loss of a ScrFI restriction site, showed that the patient was a compound heterozygote who had inherited the 269 (Gly----Ser) mutation from his father and an allelic null mutation from his mother. The 269 (Gly----Ser) mutation, in compound heterozygosity with a presumed null allele, was also found in fetal fibroblasts with an association-defective phenotype and in cells from five patients with chronic GM2 gangliosidosis. It was not found in beta-hexosaminidase A-deficient cells obtained from patients with infantile Tay-Sachs disease nor in cells from individuals who do not have beta-hexosaminidase A deficiency. However, there must be additional mutations with similar consequences, since the 269 (Gly----Ser) substitution was not present in fibroblasts from two patients with juvenile GM2 gangliosidosis even though these had an association-defective alpha-subunit.
Paw
B H
BH
Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.
Kaback
M M
MM
Neufeld
E F
EF
D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology; D005678:G(M2) Ganglioside / Q000235:genetics; D005733:Gangliosidoses / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D005998:Glycine; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics; D007585:Jews / Q000235:genetics*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D012016:Reference Values; D012694:Serine; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases / Q000235:genetics*
D007527:Isoenzymes; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D005678:G(M2) Ganglioside; D012694:Serine; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases; D005998:Glycine