A cell adhesion molecule, ICAM-1, is the major surface receptor for rhinoviruses.
Rhinoviruses, which cause common colds, possess over 100 serotypes, 90% of which (the major group) share a single receptor. Lymphocyte function associated molecule 1 (LFA-1) mediates leukocyte adhesion to a wide variety of cell types by binding to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). We demonstrate identity between the receptor for the major group of rhinoviruses and ICAM-1. A major group rhinovirus binds specifically to purified ICAM-1 and to ICAM-1 expressed on transfected COS cells, and binding is blocked by three ICAM-1 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) that block ICAM-1-LFA-1 interaction, but not by an ICAM-1 MAb that does not block ICAM-1-LFA-1 interaction. This suggests that the ICAM-1 contact site(s) for LFA-1 and rhinoviruses is proximal or identical. In addition, ICAM-1 MAb block the cytopathic effect in HeLa cells mediated by representative major but not minor group rhinoviruses. ICAM-1 is induced by soluble mediators of inflammation, suggesting that the host immune response to rhinovirus may facilitate spread to uninfected cells.
Staunton
D E
DE
Center for Blood Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Merluzzi
V J
VJ
Rothlein
R
R
Barton
R
R
Marlin
S D
SD
Springer
T A
TA
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D006801:Humans; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D011991:Receptors, Virus