title: Behavioral biochemical and neuroendocrine concomitants of lactate-induced panic anxiety.
abstract: In a single-blind study using sodium lactate infusions to provoke panic attacks, 11 of 15 patients with panic disorder panicked with lactate. None of the 15 control subjects panicked during lactate administration. Before receiving lactate, higher preinfusion anxiety levels were present in the patient group as compared to controls. Preinfusion Acute Panic Inventory (API) scores were significantly higher in patients who panicked compared to nonpanicking patients. In addition, patients who panicked during lactate infusion showed a higher mean plasma MHPG level at baseline. During lactate infusion, however, no increase in plasma MHPG was seen in patients who panicked, nor in nonpanickers and controls. Several other biochemical and hormonal variables were measured. No single biochemical or neuroendocrine variable was found to correlate with lactate-induced panic attacks. It is argued that the baseline arousal level of patients with panic disorder may be increased, which renders these patients more vulnerable to panic attacks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Psychiatry, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Den Boer
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Westenberg
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Klompmakers
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: van Lint
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000097:blood; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol / Q000097:blood; D010200:Panic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000097:blood; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D007773:Lactates; D011773:Pyruvates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; D001615:beta-Endorphin; D019289:Pyruvic Acid