title: Pharmacokinetics of ramipril in hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency.
abstract: In an open trial, the pharmacokinetics of ramipril and its active metabolite ramiprilat were studied in 25 hypertensive patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency given 5 mg ramipril p.o. for 14 days. Ramipril was rapidly absorbed and reached a peak concentration after 1-2 h. Cmax was greater in patients with severe renal insufficiency, which might indicate a reduced renal elimination rate, although, the rapid decline of the concentration-time curve for ramipril was almost independent of renal function. The mean initial apparent half-lives on Days 1 and 12, respectively, were 2.8 and 3.4 h (Group I: creatinine clearance 5-15 ml/min), 1.8 and 2.3 h (Group II: creatinine clearance 15-40 ml/min), and 1.9 and 1.9 h (Group III: creatinine clearance 40-80 ml/min). No accumulation was observed after multiple dosing. In contrast, the kinetics of its active acid metabolite ramiprilat was significantly influenced by renal function. The mean times to the peak plasma concentration were 5.7 h in Group I, 4.4 h in Group II and 3.8 h in Group III. The initial decline in plasma ramiprilat was dependent upon renal function; the mean initial apparent half-lives (Days 1 and 12, respectively) were 16.0 and 14.8 h (Group I), 10.1 and 9.5 h (Group II) and 10.6 and 8.0 h (Group III). Mean trough concentrations and absolute accumulation also increased with worsening renal function, and the renal clearance of ramiprilat was significantly correlated with the creatinine clearance. The subsequent long terminal phase at low plasma ramiprilat concentrations represented slow dissociation of the ACE-inhibitor complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Innere Medizin II, Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule, Aachen.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schunkert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kindler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gassmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lahn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Irmisch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Debusmann
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Pujadas
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Sieberth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001952:Bridged-Ring Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D017257:Ramipril / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D001952:Bridged-Ring Compounds; D011758:Pyrroles; C052549:ramiprilat; D003404:Creatinine; D017257:Ramipril