title: Transdermal peptide delivery.
abstract: The transdermal delivery of peptide drugs, though ill-favoured by their hydrophilicity and high molecular mass, would seem very attractive from the pharmacotherapeutical and patient compliance point of view. In some cases, effective transdermal dosing has been achieved in vivo, especially with the aid of iontophoresis. This paper deals with a dodecapeptide, des-enkephalin-gamma-endorphin, of which the transepidermal permeation and the intra(epi-)dermal biotransformation were both studied in vitro. Small, though measurable, fluxes through human stratum corneum were obtained in vitro, which could be enhanced by using a skin lipid fluidizer. The half-life of the peptide, both in the epidermis and in the dermis, was surprisingly long as compared with that in human plasma. Hence, improvement of the transdermal bioavailability of the peptide will most likely be obtained chiefly by enhancing its flux (possibly through iontophoresis), intra(epi-)dermal degradation being a problem of only minor importance.
authors.affiliation: Center for Bio-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Bodde
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ponec
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D001615:beta-Endorphin; C033558:des-enkephalin-gamma-endorphin