title: Ca2+, pH and the regulation of cardiac myofilament force and ATPase activity.
abstract: When the pH surrounding myofilaments of striated muscle is reduced there is an inhibition of both the actin-myosin reaction as well as the Ca2+-sensitivity of the myofilaments. Although the mechanism for the effect of acidic pH on Ca2+-sensitivity has been controversial, we have evidence for the hypothesis that acidic pH reduces the affinity of troponin C (TNC) for Ca2+. This effect of acidic pH depends not only on a direct effect of protons on Ca2+-binding to TNC, but also upon neighboring thin filament proteins, especially TNI, the inhibitory component of the TN complex. Using fluorescent probes that report Ca2+-binding to the regulatory sites of skeletal and cardiac TNC, we have shown, for example, that acidic pH directly decreases the Ca2+-affinity of TNC, but only by a relatively small amount. However, with TNC in whole TN or in the TNI-TNC complex, there is about a 2-fold enhancement of the effects of acidic pH on Ca2+-binding to TNC. Acidic pH decreases the affinity of skeletal TNI for skeletal TNC, and also influences the micro-environment of a probe positioned at Cys-133 of TNI, a region of interaction with TNC. Other evidence that the effects of acidic pH on Ca2+-TNC activation of myofilaments are influenced by TNI comes from studies with developing hearts. In contrast, to the case with the adult preparations, Ca2+-activation of detergent extracted fibers prepared from dog or rat hearts in the peri-natal period are weakly affected by a drop in pH from 7.0 to 6.5. This difference in the effect of acidic pH appears to be due to a difference in the isoform population of TNI, and not to differences in isotype population or amount of TNC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45267-0576.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Solaro
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: el-Saleh
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kentish
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D014336:Troponin / Q000378:metabolism; D019209:Troponin C; D019210:Troponin I
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D014336:Troponin; D019209:Troponin C; D019210:Troponin I; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D002118:Calcium