title: Specificity of lactate response in panic disorder, panic with concurrent depression and major depression.
abstract: Lactate infusions with 0.5 molar sodium lactate in a dose of 10 ml/kg within 20 min were given to patients with panic disorder (n = 6), panic attacks with concurrent major depression (n = 7) and major depression without panic (n = 5). Lactate-induced anxiety and symptom attacks without panic were seen more often in the groups with panic attacks, but a full-blown panic attack was provoked in only four subjects, all belonging to the groups with a history of panic attacks. The low incidence of lactate-induced panic attacks can be explained by differences in the procedure that aimed at reducing expectancy biases and baseline anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, F.R.G.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buller
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: von Bardeleben
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Benkert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008875:Middle Aged; D010200:Panic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid