title: Influence of opioid peptides on learning and memory processes in the chick.
abstract: Several experiments were conducted to examine the effects of intracranial injection of opioid peptides and antagonists on learning and memory in the chick. Pretraining injection of [leu5]enkephalin and the selective delta receptor agonist [D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin (DPLPE) into the intermediate medial hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) produced impairment. ICI 174,864, a delta-selective antagonist, reversed the impairment produced by either [leu5]enkephalin or DPLE, results indicating that delta receptors may play a role in learning in the chick and suggesting that the impairment produced by [leu5]enkephalin is mediated through delta opioid receptors. beta-endorphin produced a naloxone-reversible impairment in performance, which suggests that this impairment is mediated by opioid receptors. Bilateral injection of beta-endorphin into the IMHV produced impairment, as did unilateral injection into the right, but not left, IMHV. Only bilateral injections into IMHV of [leu5]enkephalin were effective. These results suggest that the effects of beta-endorphin are centrally mediated whereas the effects of [leu5]enkephalin may be localized to other brain regions or are peripherally mediated. These initial results suggest that opioids are associated with learning and memory in the chick.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkely 94720.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schulteis
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Alvarado
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rosenzweig
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Hruby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002645:Chickens; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004723:Endorphins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020881:Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000187:drug effects; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000187:drug effects*; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004723:Endorphins; D004745:Enkephalins; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D009270:Naloxone; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine; D001615:beta-Endorphin; D020881:Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; C040643:N,N-diallyl-tyrosyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid-phenylalanyl-leucine