title: Bovine leukemia virus trans-activator p38tax activates heterologous promoters with a common sequence known as a cAMP-responsive element or the binding site of a cellular transcription factor ATF.
abstract: The genome of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) encodes a transcriptional trans-activator p38tax (also referred to as pXBL-I) which amplifies the virus gene expression driven by its long terminal repeat (LTR). It was proposed that activation of cellular gene expression by p38tax might be involved in the mechanism of B-cell transformation caused in vivo by BLV infection. Here, we report that the U3 region of BLV LTR contains multiple regulatory elements responsive to p38tax. A core element composing the p38tax-inducible U3 structure is suggested to be a heptanucleotide motif of 5'TGACGTCA3', the consensus sequence proposed for a cAMP-responsive element (CRE) and for the binding sites of a cellular transcription factor (ATF). Adenovirus-5 E3 and E4, c-fos and somatostatin regulatory regions containing CRE/ATF-element exhibited responsiveness to p38tax in a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase transient expression assay. These suggest that in BLV-infected cells, cellular gene expression might be induced abnormally by the virus trans-activator through ATF or ATF-like factors.
authors.affiliation: Tsukuba Life Science Center, Institute of Chemical and Physical Research, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshinaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikawa
mesh_terms: D051696:Activating Transcription Factors; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016356:Gene Products, tax; D001909:Leukemia Virus, Bovine / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051696:Activating Transcription Factors; D001798:Blood Proteins; D004279:DNA, Viral; D016356:Gene Products, tax; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic; D014157:Transcription Factors; C059786:transactivator protein p38(tax); D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase