title: Quantitative analysis of germ cell numbers and relation to intratesticular testosterone following vitamin A-induced synchronization of spermatogenesis in the rat.
abstract: Synchronization of spermatogenesis would provide an ideal model for the investigation of stage-dependent changes in the secretion of paracrine factors. In vitamin A-deficient animals subsequently injected with vitamin A, over 80% of seminiferous tubules were synchronized within three to five stages of the seminiferous cycle. Following replenishment of vitamin A, spermatogenic stages IV-VI (35 days), VI-VIII (38 days), IX-XII (41 days), I-IV (45 days) and V-VII (48 days) were observed. Despite synchronization of spermatogenesis at all stages, spermatogenesis was markedly impaired when evaluated in a quantitative fashion. At all times evaluated, numbers of round spermatids were reduced compared with age-matched controls. Numbers of pachytene spermatocytes reached control values only after 45 days of vitamin A replenishment. Elongate spermatids were almost totally absent up to 41 days after vitamin A replenishment. Testicular and epididymal weights were also reduced, although testicular weights showed a significant recovery over the time-course of the study. Serum and pituitary concentrations of LH and FSH were raised at the commencement of the study, with serum gonadotrophins returning to control values 48 days after vitamin A replenishment. Both testicular and serum testosterone concentrations in treated animals tended to be higher than in the controls. Although synchronization of spermatogenesis was achieved, testicular testosterone concentrations did not reflect the stage-dependent cyclical changes observed in earlier studies. Testicular concentrations of testosterone were raised throughout the period of observation with the exception of animals synchronized around stages II-IV of the spermatogenic cycle. No correlation between the most frequent stages and intratesticular testosterone was found (r = 0.06, P greater than 0.1). Previous observations that testosterone concentrations are selectively increased at stages VII-VIII of the spermatogenic cycle are not supported by the present study.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Clinical Research Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Münster, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Weinbauer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nieschlag
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013076:Sperm Count / Q000187:drug effects*; D013087:Spermatids; D013090:Spermatocytes; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013737:Testis / Q000032:analysis* / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000032:analysis*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone