title: Ba2+ stimulation of luteinizing-hormone release demonstrates two mechanisms of Ca2+ entry in gonadotrope cells.
abstract: Kinetic studies on gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (gonadoliberin, GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing-hormone (lutropin, LH) release in the cultured rat gonadotrope demonstrated a biphasic pattern of LH release. The first rapid phase of release was unaffected by the voltage-gated Ca2+-channel blockers methoxyverapamil (D600) and nifedipine [a dihydropyridine (DHP)], whereas the later second phase was partially inhibited by both drugs. These results suggested that the initial phase of LH release is independent of Ca2+ entry through dihydropyridine (DHP)-sensitive Ca2+ channels and might depend on entry of extracellular Ca2+ by another mechanism. These mechanisms were further studied by utilizing Ba2+ as a Ca2+ substitute. Ba2+, which freely permeates DHP-sensitive Ca2+ channels in the absence of GnRH, induced LH release which was sensitive to blockade by D600 and nifedipine. However, in the presence of the channel blockers, Ba2+-induced LH release could be elicited when GnRH was added to the system. This indicates that GnRH stimulates LH release by initially activating a DHP-insensitive Ca2+-entry mechanism and then a DHP-sensitive mechanism. The DHP-sensitive mechanism freely allows Ba2+ entry in the absence of GnRH-receptor occupancy, whereas the DHP-insensitive mechanism requires GnRH-receptor activation for Ba2+ entry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town Medical School, Republic of South Africa.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Millar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001464:Barium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005711:Gallopamil / Q000494:pharmacology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010906:Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D010906:Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones; D001464:Barium; D005711:Gallopamil; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D009543:Nifedipine