title: NAD+ levels and glucose uptake of cultured human epidermal cells exposed to sulfur mustard.
abstract: In cultured human epidermal cells exposure to the vesicant sulfur mustard (HD) causes a decrease of the NAD+ content, which depends on the dose and the time period between exposure to HD and NAD+ measurement. Presumably, this NAD+ loss is due to activation of the enzyme NAD:protein ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) and may lead to glycolysis inhibition, disturbance of energy metabolism, and eventually cell death. Since prevention of this NAD+ depletion could lead to cell survival, HD-exposed cultures have been incubated with nicotinamide, a precursor of NAD+ and an inhibitor of ADPRT. Although a reduction in NAD+ levels of the cultures can be prevented, the uptake of glucose, which was taken as a measure for cellular viability, appears to be inhibited in cultures in which the NAD+ levels are at the 100% level at 4 hr after exposure. Therefore, prophylactic or therapeutic measures that are focused on maintenance of NAD+ levels in order to preserve energy supplies do not protect human epidermal cells in culture that have been exposed to HD. These experiments indicate that mechanisms other than NAD+ depletion may play an important role in HD-induced cell injury in human skin.
authors.affiliation: Medical Biological Laboratory TNO, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mol
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van de Ruit
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Kluivers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009150:Mustard Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000633:toxicity*; D009243:NAD / Q000032:analysis*; D009525:Niacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009150:Mustard Compounds; D009243:NAD; D009536:Niacinamide; D009525:Niacin; D005947:Glucose; D009151:Mustard Gas