title: Chloride enters glial cells and photoreceptors in response to light stimulation in the retina of the honey bee drone.
abstract: Double-barrelled ion-selective microelectrodes were used to measure free [Cl-] in photoreceptors, extracellular space, and glial cells in superfused slices of drone retina. Tests indicated that with normal superfusate the intracellular electrode signal was due essentially to Cl- and not to some other interfering anion. The results indicate that Cl- is more concentrated in both photoreceptors and glial cells than would be predicted for a passive electrochemical distribution. When the photoreceptors were stimulated by a standard train of 20 ms flashes, 1/s for 90 s, their intracellular free [Cl-] (Cli) rose by 8 +/- 1 mM. At the end of stimulation Cli usually continued to rise for up to a further 2 min and then returned toward the baseline over about 10 min. During light stimulation Cli in the glia rose. The magnitude of the increase was 5.1 +/- 0.4 mM, about half the increase in Ki. In some extracellular recording sites, light stimulation caused [Cl-] to increase and in others to decrease. The mean change was -0.7 mM, SD 6.5 mM. The Cl- that entered the photoreceptors and the glia was presumably made available by the shrinking of the extracellular space. When the cells were depolarized by increasing [K+] in the superfusate from 7.5 mM to 18 mM, Cli increased. The half-time of the change in Cli was longer than the half-time of the depolarization by 10-30 s in the glia and 50-250s in the photoreceptors. During superfusion with 0 Cl- Ringer's solution, the light-induced rise in extracellular [K+] was greater by a factor of 1.4-2.7, and the clearance after the end of the stimulation was slower. The rate of increase in glial Ki during light stimulation fell; the rate of increase of glial Ki caused by superfusion with raised [K+] (in the absence of Cl-) fell more. We conclude that when extracellular [K+] is increased, entry of Cl- into the glia is necessary for part, but not all, of the net uptake of K+. During light stimulation, the observed movement of CL- into glia contributes to homeostasis of extracellular [K+], and the cell swelling associated with movement of Cl- into both glia and photoreceptors contributes to homeostasis of extracellular [Na+].
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ophthalmologie Expèrimentale, Genève, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Coles
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Orkand
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yamate
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000502:physiology*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides