title: The effect of glutathione (GSH) depletion in vivo by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) on the radiosensitization of SR 2508.
abstract: The effect of glutathione depletion (GSH) on the efficacy of SR 2508 was evaluated in two murine tumor models with single large doses of radiation or with low doses administered in an accelerated fractionated schedule. To deplete tumor GSH, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) was administered in the animals drinking water (10 mM) following two i.p. injections of 450 mg/kg. This treatment decreased RIF and MCA tumor GSH concentrations by 95% and 80%, respectively. Mice (C3H/Sed) received BSO for 48-72 hr before the first dose of radiation, and were maintained on BSO drinking water for the duration of the fractionated course of therapy. SR 2508 (200-1000 mg/kg) was injected 45 min prior to each fraction of radiation. Radiation was administered as a single dose of 15 Gy or 20 Gy, for RIF and MCA tumors, respectively. Alternatively, animals received a fractionated course of radiotherapy which consisted of 2.5 Gy/fraction for the RIF, and 3 Gy/fraction for the MCA tumors, b.i.d. for five days (total of 10 fractions). Tumor response with and without BSO, and with and without SR 2508, was determined by regrowth delay. BSO pretreatment increased the efficacy of SR 2508 with single dose radiation in the MCA but not RIF tumor. SR 2508 administered with fractionated radiation produced lower enhancement ratios (SER) than with a single radiation dose. However, BSO significantly enhanced the efficacy of SR 2508 with fractionated radiation. BSO increased the maximum SER for SR 2508 (3 mM/fraction) from 1.2 to 1.4 in the RIF tumor, and from 1.4 to 1.8 in the MCA tumor. BSO also increased the toxicity of SR 2508 by a factor of 2. However, the ability of BSO to increase the efficacy of low doses of sensitizer at clinically relevant doses of radiation suggests that this combined modifier treatment may be of clinical benefit.
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soble
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Howes
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Montoya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D017341:Etanidazole; D005978:Glutathione / Q000502:physiology*; D008717:Methionine Sulfoximine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage
chemical_list: D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D008717:Methionine Sulfoximine; D017341:Etanidazole; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D005978:Glutathione