title: Saccade preparation inhibits reorienting to recently attended locations.
abstract: We measured manual reaction time in normal human subjects to confirm that an eccentric visual signal has a biphasic effect on covert attention and eye movements. First, it summons attention and biases a saccade toward the signal; a subsequent inhibition of return then slows responses to signals at that location. A temporal hemifield dominance for inhibition of return was shown; this finding converges with observations in neurologic patients to suggest that it is mediated by midbrain pathways. Endogenous orienting of attention, from a central arrow cue, did not activate inhibition of return, whereas endogenous saccade preparation did so as effectively as an exogenous signal, even when no saccade was made. Inhibition of return is activated by midbrain oculomotor pathways and may function as a location "tagging" mechanism to optimize efficiency of visual search.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Roger Williams General Hospital Providence, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Rafal
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Calabresi
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Sciolto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005829:Geniculate Bodies / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology; D012718:Set, Psychology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology