title: Interference of common household chemicals in immunoassay methods for drugs of abuse.
abstract: I report how some adulterants affect results for drugs of abuse in urine as measured by Roche RIA, Syva emit d.a.u., and Abbott TDx fpia (fluorescence polarization immunoassay) for the following drugs: amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, and phencyclidine (PCP). Sodium chloride interfered negatively with all of these drugs when assayed by emit and caused a slight decrease in measured benzodiazepine concentration by fpia. Drug concentrations were also decreased by added H2O2 (emit: benzodiazepine), Joy detergent (emit: cannabinoid, benzodiazepines, PCP), NaHCO3 (emit: opiate; fpia: PCP), or NaClO [corrected] (emit, RIA, fpia: amphetamines, opiates, PCP; emit, fpia: cannabinoid; emit: benzodiazepines). False-positive results were caused by H2O2 (fpia: benzodiazepines) and Joy (RIA, fpia: benzodiazepine, cannabinoid; fpia: barbiturate, amphetamine). Sodium bicarbonate causes a suspiciously high pH in the urine, NaClO [corrected] an apparently low pH (using pH paper).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH 45267-0714.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Warner
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000652:urine; D001463:Barbiturates / Q000652:urine; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000652:urine; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000652:urine; D003042:Cocaine / Q000652:urine; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006795:Household Products; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000652:urine*; D007118:Immunoassay; D009294:Narcotics / Q000652:urine; D010622:Phencyclidine / Q000652:urine; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D001463:Barbiturates; D001639:Bicarbonates; D002186:Cannabinoids; D003902:Detergents; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D009294:Narcotics; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D012964:Sodium; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D003042:Cocaine; D010622:Phencyclidine