title: Pupillary size in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: Pupillary adaptation to darkness was studied in 63 children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes using a simple portable pupillometer. Results were compared with those in a group of age-related non-diabetic children and expressed as the ratio of the pupil diameter to the iris diameter (pupil diameter %). In the diabetic patients the pupil diameter % was 61.1 +/- 5.8 (44.4-71.9) % compared with 64.2 +/- 4.1 (53.2-72.6) % in the control subjects (p less than 0.001). Abnormal pupillary adaptation to darkness was found more commonly than abnormal heart rate variation in response to a variety of stimuli in the diabetic patients. Pupillary adaptation to darkness may be useful as an indicator of subclinical autonomic neuropathy in diabetic children.
authors.affiliation: Queen Mary's Hospital for Children, Carshalton, UK.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Piesowicz
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Spathis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019270:Fructosamine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006339:Heart Rate; D006595:Hexosamines / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D011187:Posture; D012016:Reference Values; D012025:Reflex, Pupillary; D012119:Respiration; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver
chemical_list: D019270:Fructosamine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006595:Hexosamines