title: Popliteal lymph node reactions in mice induced by the drug zimeldine.
abstract: The antidepressant drug zimeldine was screened for immune modulating properties using the popliteal lymph node (PLN) assay as a test system in mice. In immunocompetent as well as congenitally athymic nude mice, footpad injection of 1.0 mg zimeldine triggered a bimodal footswelling. A transient oedematous swelling, histologically characterized by mast cell degranulation, was followed by infiltration of polymorphnuclear cells. A dose-dependent PLN enlargement to the agent was observed, which appeared to be more pronounced in immunocompetent mice as compared with athymic nude mice, and in H-2b mice as compared with H-2d mice. After injection of 1.0 mg zimeldine into the footpad of C57BL/10 mice, significant enlargement was already observed by 3 days after injection, was optimal around day 9 and persisted for at least 30 days. Histologically, PLN reactions were characterized by blast transformation of lymphocytes and expansion of paracortical areas prior to germinal center reactions in enlarged follicles. Size of both areas gradually decreased as the medulla filled with plasma cells, 7-30 days after injection. The observed reactions could not be transferred with syngeneic lymph node cells after prior exposition to zimeldine in vivo or in vitro. We conclude that zimeldine induces strong and persistent PLN enlargement, blastogenesis and prominent germinal center reactions. Immunocompetent T-cells are apparently conducive, but not prerequisite to these reactions, which suggests involvement of multiple mechanisms including those mediated by inflammatory reactions in the foot. It is unlikely that the observed enlargement of PLN can be attributed to a direct chemical modification of leukocyte membranes by zimeldine. The protracted nature of the reaction may indicate that zimeldine somehow interferes with inhibitory feedback mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Groten
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kammüller
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: De Bakker
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seinen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bloksma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D015031:Zimeldine / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015031:Zimeldine