title: Serpin receptor 1: a hepatic receptor that mediates the clearance of antithrombin III-proteinase complexes.
abstract: Antithrombin III (ATIII) clearance from blood occurs by redistribution into the extravascular compartment and by binding to the endothelial surface. When, however, ATIII reacts with a proteinase such as alpha-thrombin, the complex is rapidly cleared from the circulation (half-life is approximately five minutes) by a receptor present on hepatocytes. This receptor binds a number of other serine proteinase inhibitors that are members of the class designated as the "serpins." ATIII, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, heparin cofactor II, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin proteinase complexes bind to the same hepatic receptor, now designated as serpin receptor 1. Proteinase complexes with alpha 2-antiplasmin, another member of the serpin class, do not bind to serpin receptor 1. Recent studies suggest that the specificity of the receptor for serpins may reside in the so-called D helix (nomenclature based on the structure of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor). The presence of ATIII on the surface of endothelial cells offers a unique mechanism for regulating proteinases formed during coagulation. Since this ATIII is probably associated with heparin-like substances and exists in a high-affinity state, the inhibitor rapidly binds proteinases such as alpha-thrombin. Once the complex forms, its affinity for heparinoids is decreased compared with ATIII, allowing the complex to dissociate from the endothelial surface for rapid clearance by the liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Pizzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D015843:Serpins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D015843:Serpins; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; D000990:Antithrombin III; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases