title: [Toxic glomerulonephritis].
abstract: Most glomerulopathies are immunologically-mediated. Their pathogenesis is now better understood. The role of cell-mediated immunity has recently been envisaged. The role of circulating antibodies now seems to be more important than that of circulating immune complexes. Antibodies may recognize structural or "planted" antigens in the kidney, the latter being non-renal molecules that may bind renal structures for non-immune reasons. The linear or granular pattern observed at immunofluorescence depends upon the regular or irregular distribution of the antigen. In susceptible individuals, various toxins (heavy metals such as mercury or gold, drugs with an SH group, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents) may induce an immune glomerulopathy. It has recently been shown that Brown-Norway rats exposed to one of the above-mentioned agents develop anti-self class II T lymphocytes that are responsible for a polyclonal activation of B cells. Among the various autoantibodies that are produced, some have a nephritogenic potential. Other drugs are responsible for glomerular lesions due to a direct toxic effect of the compound. Doxorubicin induces a nephrotic syndrome in the rabbit, while mitomycin induces a haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans. Finally, drug addiction often leads to glomerulosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U28, Hôpital Broussais, Paris.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Druet
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kleinknecht
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D000917:Antibody Formation; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D003932:Heroin / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008094:Lithium / Q000009:adverse effects; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008937:Mitomycins / Q000009:adverse effects; D050607:Organogold Compounds; D009941:Organomercury Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D001323:Autoantibodies; D008937:Mitomycins; D050607:Organogold Compounds; D009941:Organomercury Compounds; D003932:Heroin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D008094:Lithium; D010396:Penicillamine
vernacular_title: Les néphropathies glomérulaires d'origine toxique.