title: Interference of prenatal and postnatal exposure to Ca2+-antagonist agents on rat functional development of vascular system.
abstract: Exposure to drugs during pregnancy can alter functional development of the vascular system. The present investigation was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to Ca2+-antagonist (diltiazem, verapamil, and nimodipine) drugs on the development of rat vasomotor reactivity. Studies were carried out on pregnant female albino rats exposed from the first day of pregnancy until weaning to diltiazem and verapamil (6 and 24 mg/kg in their drinking water ad libitum) and nimodipine (3 and 12 mg/kg in their food ad libitum). After weaning, pups were exposed until the 60th day of age to the same treatment as their mothers were. Afterwards, pups from the 60th to 90th day of age were fed with a normal diet. In 30-, 60-, and 90-day-old conscious and anaesthetized pups, we evaluated the following: 1) systolic arterial blood pressure; 2) vasomotor responses elicited by various agents: L-noradrenaline (0.1, 1, and 5 micrograms/kg IV), L-isoprenaline (0.01, 0.1, and 1 micrograms/kg IV), and acetylcholine (0.01, 0.1, and 1 micrograms/kg IV) and by sinus-carotid baroreceptor stimulation; and 3) catecholamine, acetylcholinesterase, and adenosinase plasma levels. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to Ca2+-antagonist drugs significantly (P less than .05) decreased the pressor response to sinus-carotid baroreceptor stimulation and to L-noradrenaline and increased the hypotensive responses to L-isoprenaline and acetylcholine. Moreover, this type of treatment, although it induced a significant (P less than .05) decrease of catecholamine plasma levels, did not modify the acetylcholinesterase and adenosinase plasma levels in 30- and 60-day-old rats. On the 90th day of age, the evaluated parameters were not different from those of control rats. Our results showed that exposure to Ca2+ antagonists during pregnancy and the postnatal period may alter the functional development of rat vasomotor reactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angrisani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loffreda
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Santis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filippelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Paola
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maione
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berrino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matera
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Pasquale
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mauro
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000633:toxicity*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000097:blood; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000633:toxicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D014700:Verapamil / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002395:Catecholamines; D009553:Nimodipine; D014700:Verapamil; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; C019599:adenosine nucleosidase; D004110:Diltiazem