title: Pancreatic beta-cell-type-specific expression of the rat insulin II gene is controlled by positive and negative cellular transcriptional elements.
abstract: The insulin gene is expressed almost exclusively in pancreatic beta-cells. The DNA sequences that control cell-specific expression are located upstream of the transcription initiation site. To identify the cis-acting transcriptional control regions within the rat insulin II gene that are responsible for this tissue-specific expression pattern, we constructed a series of 5'-flanking deletion mutants and analyzed their expression in vivo in transfected insulin-producing and -nonproducing cell lines. Pancreatic beta-cell-specific expression was shown to be controlled by enhancer sequences lying between nucleotides -342 and -91 relative to the transcription start site. The rat insulin II enhancer appears to be a chimera, composed of a number of distinct cis-acting DNA elements. Both positive and negative transcriptional regulatory elements appear to be responsible for this cell-type-specific expression. We have shown that expression from one element within the enhancer, which is found between nucleotides -100 and -91, is regulated by both positive- and negative-acting cellular transcription factors. Expression from chimeras containing only the enhancer element sequences from -100 to -91 were active only in insulin-producing cells, indicating that the positive-acting factor(s) required for this activity may be active only in beta-cells. In contrast to the enhancer region, the rat insulin II gene promoter did not appear to require cell-specific transcription factors. Promoter mutants with 5'-flanking sequences extending to nucleotides -90 and -73 were constitutively active in both insulin-producing and -nonproducing cells. These results suggest that rat insulin II gene transcription in pancreatic beta-cells is imparted by a combination of both negative- and positive-acting cellular factors interacting with the gene enhancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012260:Ribonucleases
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D012260:Ribonucleases; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes