title: Drug therapy for juvenile arthritis.
abstract: Juvenile arthritis includes a variety of rheumatic disorders with varied articular and extraarticular manifestations. The heterogeneity of JA cannot be overemphasized in a rational approach to therapy. Fortunately, most children with JA improve significantly with first-line treatment, especially those with pauciarticular disease. Only a small number of these patients go on to require second-line treatment, usually because of the evolution of their condition into the polyarticular type. Patients with polyarticular, RF-positive disease and patients with early-onset polyarthritis in association with systemic-onset disease both have poor prognoses in terms of ultimate joint function, and should receive second-line treatment early in their therapy. Injectable gold is the drug of choice for the former patients, if an initial trial of NSAIDs has failed. Patients with polyarticular onset, RF-negative disease generally have a better prognosis than other patients with polyarticular involvement. One may wait considerably longer before introducing a second-line agent for these patients. An antimalarial agent may be a reasonable choice for these patients, especially those with limited polyarticular involvement (5 to 10 active joints). This latter principle may also be applied to patients who evolve from pauciarticular to polyarticular involvement. In all such cases, penicillamine is almost never used as first choice. If the patient is a young child, the difficulty with injecting gold and the hazards of antimalarial agents may limit the use of these treatments. In situations such as this, auranofin or sulfasalazine may be the drug of choice. Cytotoxic/antimetabolic therapy should be reserved for those children who have continued active disease despite full courses of two SAARDs, or for those who have been unable to take SAARDs because of their side effects. Corticosteroid therapy should be used only when specifically indicated, and every attempt should be made to wean the patient from it as soon as feasible. The aim of therapy is to ensure that patients enter their remission in the best condition possible. For this to be assured, a sensible approach to drug therapy is mandatory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Laxer
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D050607:Organogold Compounds; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012459:Salicylates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000962:Antimalarials; D000963:Antimetabolites; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D050607:Organogold Compounds; D012459:Salicylates; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D010396:Penicillamine