title: Dibutyryl cAMP, aminophylline, and beta-adrenergic agonists protect against pulmonary edema caused by phosgene.
abstract: Phosgene is a toxic oxidant gas that causes the adult respiratory distress syndrome in exposed workers. Phosgene exposure markedly increased lung weight gain in buffer-perfused isolated rabbit lungs (31 +/- 5 g over 60 min after phosgene vs. 7.7 +/- 1.2 in control lungs, P less than 0.01) and markedly increased the lung leak index for 125I-albumin (0.28 +/- 0.03 after phosgene vs. 0.02 +/- 0.01 in control lungs, P less than 0.01). Pretreatment with dibutyryl adenosine 3',5' -cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP), aminophylline, or terbutaline plus isoproterenol prevented the increase in lung weight caused by phosgene (31 +/- 5 g phosgene, 11.7 +/- 2.8 DBcAMP, 7.5 +/- 2.5 aminophylline, 6.1 +/- 1 terbutaline and isoproterenol, 6.1 +/- 1.2 control + aminophylline, and 7.7 +/- 1.2 control; all treatments were P less than 0.01 vs. the untreated phosgene group and not significantly different from control lungs). Pretreatment with aminophylline prevented the increase in lung leak index for 125I-albumin (0.28 +/- 0.03 after phosgene vs. 0.06 +/- 0.02 in aminophylline-treated lungs, P less than 0.01). Posttreatment with aminophylline and terbutaline also prevented the increase in lung weight caused by phosgene. These results indicate that phosgene dramatically increases the movement of fluid and protein across the pulmonary vasculature and that treatment with DBcAMP, aminophylline, terbutaline, or isoproterenol markedly reduces the pulmonary edema caused by phosgene.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Tennessee Center for Health Sciences, Memphis 38101.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hoidal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasty
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sciuto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Bysani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tolley
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Gurtner
mesh_terms: D000628:Aminophylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D055370:Lung Injury; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010705:Phosgene / Q000633:toxicity*; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D013726:Terbutaline / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010705:Phosgene; D000628:Aminophylline; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003994:Bucladesine; D007545:Isoproterenol; D013726:Terbutaline