title: Chemical events in chloropropionyl coenzyme A inactivation of acyl coenzyme A utilizing enzymes.
abstract: Incubation of 3-chloropropionyl-CoA with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase results in exchange of the C2 proton with solvent as inactivation of enzyme proceeds. This enzyme is also inhibited by S-acrylyl-N-acetylcysteamine; the limiting rate constant for inactivation by the acrylyl derivative (0.36 min-1) slightly exceeds the value measured for chloropropionyl-CoA (0.31 min-1). These observations support the intermediacy of acrylyl-CoA in the chloropropionyl-CoA-dependent inactivation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase by chloropropionyl-CoA is primarily due to alkylation of a reactive cysteine, although secondary reaction with the enzyme's pantetheinyl sulfhydryl occurs. Modification of fatty acid synthase by S-acrylyl-N-acetylcysteamine occurs at a limiting rate (1.8 min-1) that is comparable to that estimated for chloropropionyl-CoA-dependent inactivation. However, this enzyme lacks the ability to deprotonate C2 of an acyl group such as the chloropropionyl moiety. Since such a step would be required to generate an acrylyl group from chloropropionyl-S-enzyme, it is likely that a typical affinity labeling process accounts for inactivation of fatty acid synthase by chloropropionyl-CoA. HMG-CoA lyase is also inhibited by S-acrylyl-N-acetylcysteamine. In contrast to the ability of this reagent to serve as a mechanism-based inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase and an affinity label of fatty acid synthase, it acts as a group-specific reagent in modifying HMG-CoA lyase (kappa 2 = 86.7 M-1 min-1).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Miziorko
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Behnke
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000345:Affinity Labels; D000818:Animals; D003543:Cysteamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006904:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007652:Oxo-Acid-Lyases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D000345:Affinity Labels; D003543:Cysteamine; C046467:3-chloropropionyl-coenzyme A; C061074:S-acrylyl-N-acetylcysteamine; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D006904:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase; D007652:Oxo-Acid-Lyases; C021410:3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase