N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists: ready for clinical trial in brain ischemia?
Antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subclass of glutamate receptors may offer a new approach for the treatment of ischemic brain injury. This strategy is supported by a well-developed scientific foundation and encouraging results in a variety of in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Several specific antagonists, including MK-801, dextrorphan, dextromethorphan, and ketamine, have already been used at low doses in humans for other indications and are potential candidates for Phase I clinical trials.
Albers
G W
GW
Department of Neurology, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305.
Goldberg
M P
MP
Choi
D W
DW
D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005971:Glutamates / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects
D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005971:Glutamates; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D016202:N-Methylaspartate