title: Itraconazole versus ketoconazole for the prophylaxis of fungal infection in neutropenic children: results of two consecutive nonrandomized studies.
abstract: Two consecutive nonrandomized studies were conducted in children with prolonged granulocytopenia to evaluate the prophylactic antifungal activity of ketoconazole and the new triazole itraconazole. The conditions were equivalent in both studies. The incidence of colonization was 10% in the ketoconazole group and 19% in the itraconazole group (this difference is not significant). For suspected and proven infections, the incidence was 5% for ketoconazole and 10% for itraconazole, but the incidences were too low for statistical comparison. Although the colonization rate was higher for itraconazole, there was no sign of Aspergillus, whereas in the ketoconazole group an autopsy, proven aspergillosis has been reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ninane
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sluysmans
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vermylen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Beule
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Woestenborghs
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cauwenbergh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cornu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000380:Agranulocytosis / Q000150:complications*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017964:Itraconazole; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009181:Mycoses / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017964:Itraconazole; D007654:Ketoconazole