title: Time course of verapamil interaction with morphine effects on physiological parameters in rats.
abstract: The effects of subcutaneous doses of morphine and verapamil on respiratory and cardiovascular parameters have been assessed in conscious rats. Verapamil (10 mg kg-1) was injected simultaneously with morphine (16 mg kg-1) or at 10, 30, or 60 min before morphine administration. Morphine induced respiratory depression, as indicated by marked hypercapnia, hypoxia and acidosis, and caused marked tachycardia. Although morphine produced only a minor and inconsistent (but statistically significant, P less than 0.01) reduction of mean arterial blood pressure, morphine potentiated verapamil-induced hypotension. Verapamil suppressed morphine-induced hypercapnia only when injected simultaneously with morphine. Verapamil alone did not affect arterial blood gases or pH, but decreased heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. Verapamil attenuated and delayed the maximum positive chronotropic effects of morphine at all times tested. Antagonism by verapamil of respiratory depression and tachycardia produced by morphine was unrelated to morphine levels in plasma. Thus, the explanation of verapamil-morphine interactions on respiration and cardiovascular function is not pharmacokinetic.
authors.affiliation: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Della Puppa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ford-Rice
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cone
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: London
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013997:Time Factors; D014700:Verapamil / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009020:Morphine; D014700:Verapamil