title: Roles of histamine, complement and xanthine oxidase in thermal injury of skin.
abstract: The pathogenesis of burn edema in the skin of rats appears to be related to a role for histamine, xanthine oxidase and oxygen radicals. Histamine and its metabolic derivatives increase the catalytic activity of xanthine oxidase (but not xanthine dehydrogenase) in rat plasma and in rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells. In thermally injured rats levels of plasma histamine and xanthine oxidase rise in parallel, in association with increases in uric acid. Burn edema is greatly attenuated by treatment of rats with the mast cell stabilizer, cromolyn, by complement depletion and by treatment with the H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine, but is unaffected by neutrophil depletion. These studies suggest the following pathogenesis of burn edema: thermal trauma causes complement activation with anaphylatoxin release and mast cell secretion of histamine, leading to enhancement of xanthine oxidase activity and increased production of oxygen radicals which damage endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0602.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Friedl
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Till
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Trentz
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002927:Cimetidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D004487:Edema / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D004546:Elapid Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006878:Hydroxides; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins; D004546:Elapid Venoms; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D006878:Hydroxides; C016310:cobra venom factor; D013481:Superoxides; D014527:Uric Acid; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D002927:Cimetidine; D006632:Histamine; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium