title: The positive-negative distinction in drug-free schizophrenic patients. Stability, response to neuroleptics, and prognostic significance.
abstract: Fundamental questions about the validity and significance of positive and negative syndromes in schizophrenia were addressed by a prospective, double-blind longitudinal study that involved a drug-free placebo baseline, three to four months of neuroleptic treatment, and a three-year poststudy follow-up. From pooled data on 62 schizophrenics, the following findings were observed: (1) a high stability of both syndromes during drug-free conditions; (2) significant correlations of syndrome ratings between the placebo baseline and final neuroleptic week; (3) significant neuroleptic-related improvement in both positive and negative syndromes, with a marginally greater reduction of positive features; (4) independence of the two syndromes during the drug-free baseline but not under neuroleptic conditions; (5) greater symptomatic improvement but more residual disorder portended by both positive and negative syndromes in the drug-free baseline; and (6) poorer functional reconstitution and earlier relapse predicted by a positive syndrome alone. These data supported the validity of the positive-negative distinction in schizophrenia but challenged basic assumptions about its import.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010919:Placebos; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010919:Placebos