title: Thymomodulin increases the depressed production of superoxide anion by alveolar macrophages in patients with chronic bronchitis.
abstract: Thymomodulin is an immunomodulating agent which is derived from calf thymus by partial acid lysis. It promotes T-cell maturation, enhances antibody synthesis and improves the phagocytic response of neutrophils. Clinical trials have revealed the effectiveness of this thymic derivative in the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections (RRI) in children and in adults; 11 patients (8 males and 3 females; age range 18-76 years) with chronic bronchitis dominated by recurrent respiratory infections were studied. They were treated orally for 6 months during the winter season with 120 mg/day of thymomodulin. All the subjects were asked to keep a diary recording the intensity of their symptoms, the number of working days lost (days of illness) and the use of antibiotic and/or mucolytic drugs. At the beginning and at the end of the trial each patient was subjected to a control with a flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope with bronchoalveolar lavage to evaluate the phagocytic response of alveolar macrophages. At the end of therapy a significant improvement of the clinical status, evaluated by the above-mentioned parameters, of the bronchial mucosa aspect and an increase in alveolar macrophage superoxide production was noticed (from 0.1 +/- 0.09 and 0.8 +/- 0.5 nmol to 1.6 +/- 0.8 and 4.1 +/- 2.2 nmol with PMA or zymosan particles respectively; p less than 0.001). During thymomodulin treatment no side-effects were recorded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiopathology, University of Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maiorano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chianese
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fumarulo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Costantino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Contini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carnimeo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cazzola
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000838:Anions / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000032:analysis; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013481:Superoxides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013949:Thymus Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D013949:Thymus Extracts; D013481:Superoxides; C051006:thymomodulin