title: Craniofacial abnormalities induced by ectopic expression of the homeobox gene Hox-1.1 in transgenic mice.
abstract: Hox-1.1 is a murine homeobox-containing gene expressed in a time- and cell-specific manner during embryogenesis. We have generated transgenic mice that ectopically express Hox-1.1 from the chicken beta-actin promoter. In these mice Hox-1.1 expression was changed to an almost ubiquitous pattern. Ectopic expression of Hox-1.1 leads to death of the transgenic animals shortly after birth and is associated with multiple craniofacial anomalies, such as cleft palate, open eyes at birth, and nonfused pinnae. This phenotype is similar to the effects seen after systemic administration of retinoic acid during gestation. This suggests that retinoic acid embryopathy and the specific developmental defects caused by ectopic expression of a potential developmental control gene share a common pathogenic mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balling
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mutter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gruss
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kessel
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology; D010641:Phenotype; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C492047:Hoxa7 protein, mouse; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins