title: Apoptotic hepatocytes become insoluble in detergents and chaotropic agents as a result of transglutaminase action.
abstract: Physiological deletion of cells ensues programmed death which involves formation of apoptotic bodies with fragmented DNA. Here we report that apoptotic hepatocytes are insoluble in detergents, urea, guanidine hydrochloride, reducing agents and thereby can be isolated from rat liver following collagenase treatment. They are wrinkled, spherical structures similar to cornified envelopes of epidermis by phase-contrast microscopy and show irregular, globular morphology by scanning-electron microscopy. Part of their DNA content is cleaved into nucleosomal and oligonucleosomal fragments. Their insolubility, like that of the cornified envelope, is evoked by epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine and N1,N8-bis(gamma-glutamyl)spermidine protein cross-linking bonds formed by transglutaminase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University School of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fesus
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thomazy
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Autuori
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ceru
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tarcsa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piacentini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D003902:Detergents; D004151:Dipeptides; D019791:Guanidine; D006146:Guanidines; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008623:Mercaptoethanol; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D012995:Solubility; D013095:Spermidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014508:Urea
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D004151:Dipeptides; D006146:Guanidines; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C001299:epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D008623:Mercaptoethanol; C058907:N(1),N(8)-bis(gamma-glutamyl)spermidine; D014508:Urea; D004247:DNA; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019791:Guanidine; D013095:Spermidine