title: Left renal vein compression syndrome ("nutcracker phenomenon").
abstract: Four cases are presented with clinical diagnosis of scrotal varicocele on the left side, and one case with ureter varices and left-sided haematuria as a result of compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery (SMA), also known as "nutcracker phenomenon". The clinical signs and the radiological diagnostic methods of the condition are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital Maastricht, State University of Limburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Stassen
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Janevski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010690:Phlebography; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014513:Ureter / Q000098:blood supply; D014646:Varicocele / Q000209:etiology; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000209:etiology