title: RNA editing in wheat mitochondria results in the conservation of protein sequences.
abstract: RNA editing is a process that results in the production of a messenger RNA with nucleotide sequences that differ from those of the template DNA, and provides another mechanism for modulating gene expression. The phenomenon was initially described in the mitochondria of protozoa. Here we report that RNA editing is also required for the correct expression of plant mitochondrial genes. It has previously been proposed that in plant mitochondria there is a departure from the universal genetic code, with CGG specifying tryptophan instead of arginine. This was because CGG codons are often found in plant mitochondrial genes at positions corresponding to those encoding conserved tryptophans in other organisms. We have now found, however, wheat mitochondrial gene sequences containing C residues that are edited to U residues in the corresponding mRNA sequences. In this way, CGG codons can be changed to UGG codons in the mRNA so that tryptophan may be encoded according to the universal genetic code. Furthermore, for each codon modification resulting from a C----U conversion that we studied, we found a corresponding change in the amino acid that was encoded. RNA editing in wheat mitochondria can thus maintain genetic information at the RNA level and as a result contribute to the conservation of mitochondrial protein sequences among plants.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gualberto
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lamattina
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonnard
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grienenberger
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D003062:Codon; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017343:Genes, Plant; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010944:Plants; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV