title: Probenecid and zidovudine metabolism.
abstract: The effects of probenecid, a known inhibitor of glucuronidation, on the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine were assessed in eight subjects receiving zidovudine as treatment for human immunodeficiency virus infection. Zidovudine plasma concentrations were measured while subjects were receiving zidovudine alone, after 3 days of zidovudine plus 500 mg probenecid every 8 h, and after 3 days of zidovudine plus 500 mg probenecid plus 260 mg quinine sulphate every 8 h. A median increase of 80% in the area under the zidovudine plasma concentration/time curve occurred with the addition of probenecid. Quinine sulphate prevented the probenecid effect but had no effect on zidovudine kinetics when taken without probenecid by four other subjects. All of the effects were secondary to changes in zidovudine metabolism, since neither probenecid nor quinine changed the renal elimination of zidovudine. Probenecid could be used in combination with zidovudine to extend the interval between doses and reduce the daily requirement for zidovudine, thus enhancing convenience and reducing costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kornhauser
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Petty
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hendrix
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Nerhood
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Lietman
mesh_terms: D000386:AIDS-Related Complex / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011339:Probenecid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011803:Quinine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015215:Zidovudine; D011803:Quinine; D011339:Probenecid