title: Direct regulation of smooth muscle contractile elements by second messengers.
abstract: The effects of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) and phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate (PDBu) on the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile elements in the rat mesenteric artery were investigated, using a method of permeabilizing smooth muscle with Staphylococcal alpha-toxin. Both cAMP and cGMP relaxed the permeabilized rat mesenteric artery at the intracellular Ca2+ concentrations [( Ca2+]i) held constant with Ca2+ EGTA buffer and Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin. In addition, forskolin and sodium nitroprusside which activate adenylate and guanylate cyclases, respectively, also induced relaxation at a fixed [Ca2+]i. In contrast PDBu which stimulates protein kinase C caused an increase in force at a constant [Ca2+]i which could be partially reversed by cAMP or cGMP. These results indicate that second messengers exert direct control over smooth muscle Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile elements, which is of physiologic and pharmacologic importance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Miami, School of Medicine, Florida 33101.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Breemen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D015290:Second Messenger Systems
chemical_list: D005576:Colforsin; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D002118:Calcium