title: Protein engineering and design.
abstract: Rapid advances in site-directed mutagenesis and total gene synthesis combined with new expression systems in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have provided the molecular biologist with tools for modification of existing proteins to improve catalytic activity, stability and selectivity, for construction of chimeric molecules and for synthesis of completely novel molecules that may be endowed with some useful activity. Such protein engineering can be seen as a cycle in which the structures of engineered molecules are studied by X-ray analysis and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. The results are used in the improvement of the design by using knowledge-based procedures that exploit facts, rules and observations about proteins of known three-dimensional structure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, London, U.K.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Blundell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mantafounis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Murray-Rust
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Overington
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pitts
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003459:Crystallins / Q000235:genetics; D005796:Genes; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D003459:Crystallins; D011506:Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins