Some pharmacological applications of an extracellular recording method to study secretion of a sympathetic co-transmitter, presumably ATP.
Extracellular recording in guinea-pig or mouse vas deferens or rat tail artery was used to study the effects of some pharmacological agents on the nerve terminal spike (NTS) and the secretion of a sympathetic co-transmitter (presumably ATP), as reflected in the excitatory junction current (EJC). A negative-going EJCi (i for inside) was assumed to reflect release from sites inside, and a positive-going EJCo (o for outside) release from sites outside the recording electrode. Passage into or out of the electrode seemed to be slow. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the outer medium blocked the NTS and ECJo as well as EJCi; TTX in the pipette blocked stimulus-evoked but not spontaneous EJCi. The dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blocking agent, nifedipine, was without effect, but Cd2+ in the external medium blocked EJCo and also, by an effect apparently 'upstream' of varicosities, inhibited EJCi (i.e. release within the patch) but not the NTS. When present in the outer medium the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists, clonidine and xylazine, blocked both EJCo and EJCi, but not the NTS. The effects of clonidine were blocked by yohimbine, which in itself increased the EJCo by about 50%. Neuropeptide Y and met-enkephalin in the outer medium blocked EJCo; the effect of met-enkephalin was blocked by naloxone. The K+ channel blocking agents, tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine, inside or outside the electrode, increased dramatically the size of EJCi or EJCo, respectively.
Stjärne
L
L
Department of Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Stjärne
E
E
D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D051379:Mice; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000294:innervation*
D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D015221:Potassium Channels; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D009543:Nifedipine