title: The effect of organotin compounds on chloride secretion by the in vitro perfused rectal gland of Squalus acanthias.
abstract: The effects of various organotins on membrane function and electrolyte transport were studied in the marine elasmobranch, Squalus acanthias. The isolated perfused rectal gland was used as a model of electrolyte transport. This gland can be stimulated to secrete chloride by atrial natriuretic peptide, veratrine, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide although the mechanism of action of each secretagogue is different. By analysis of the inhibitory effect of an organotin in the presence of each secretagogue, the mechanism of inhibition can be inferred. Tributyltin (TBT) produced a reversible inhibition of epithelial transport at 10(-8) to 10(-7) M which resulted from inhibition of stimulus-secretion coupling in VIP-containing neurons within the gland. The transporting epithelial cells were unaffected at these concentrations. Trimethytin (TMT) produced inhibition at 10(-7) M which was not reversible and which affected primarily the transporting epithelial cells. Triethyltin and triphenyltin were without effect. The inhibitory effect of TBT and TMT was not affected by simultaneous administration of dithiothreitol. TBT also produced inhibition of oxygen consumption, Na+,K-ATPase, and proton ATPase in dispersed rectal gland cells. These results indicate that organotins are toxic to cell membrane functions which are intimately involved in the movement of electrolytes. This is the first evidence of toxicity to membrane transport functions in a marine species which is at risk from environmental exposure.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lear
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spokes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002713:Chlorine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004284:Dogfish / Q000378:metabolism*; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010477:Perfusion; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012491:Salt Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012754:Sharks / Q000378:metabolism*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D014298:Trimethyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014702:Veratrine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014873:Water Pollutants
chemical_list: D009947:Organotin Compounds; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014298:Trimethyltin Compounds; D014873:Water Pollutants; C046488:trimethyltin; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D002713:Chlorine; C011559:tributyltin; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; C030665:triphenyltin; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D014702:Veratrine