title: Behavioral differentiation of benzodiazepine ligands after repeated administration in baboons.
abstract: Baboons received repeated daily administration of saline, 5.6 mg/kg midazolam, 5.0 mg/kg flumazenil (Ro15-1788), 3.2 mg/kg 3-carboethoxy-beta-carboline hydrochloride (beta CCE) or 10 mg/kg beta CCE for 5 days. Behavioral signs of sedation and excitation were scored for 1 h after i.m. injections. Daily administration of these benzodiazepine-receptor ligands differentiated their behavioral effects; repeated midazolam resulted in tolerance to the sedative and ataxic effects; repeated beta CCE resulted in sensitization to its convulsant properties; and repeated flumazenil or saline produced no changes in behavior. In a second study, baboons received repeated injections of midazolam (5.6, 11.2 or 20 mg/kg per day) for 6 days. All three groups became tolerant to the sedative and ataxic effects of midazolam. Acute injections of flumazenil (5.0 mg/kg) on day 5 produced a dose-dependent withdrawal syndrome. This flumazenil treatment produced a slight attenuation in the degree of tolerance to midazolam on day 6, suggesting that receptor sensitivity to the benzodiazepine agonist may have partially reset.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sannerud
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Griffiths
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002243:Carbolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D010215:Papio; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D002243:Carbolines; D005442:Flumazenil; C024915:beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; D008874:Midazolam