title: Role of calcium and calmodulin in the regulation of the rabbit ileal brush-border membrane Na+/H+ antiporter.
abstract: In rabbit ileum, Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) appears to be involved in physiologically inhibiting the linked NaCl absorptive process, since inhibitors of Ca2+/CaM stimulate linked Na+ and Cl- absorption. The role of Ca2+/CaM-dependent phosphorylation in regulation of the brush-border Na+/H+ antiporter, which is believed to be part of the neutral linked NaCl absorptive process, was studied using purified brush-border membrane vesicles, which contain both the Na+/H+ antiporter and Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase(s) and its phosphorprotein substrates. Rabbit ileal villus cell brush-border membrane vesicles were prepared by Mg precipitation and depleted of ATP. Using a freezethaw technique, the ATP-depleted vesicles were loaded with Ca2+, CaM, ATP and an ATP-regenerating system consisting of creatine kinase and creatine phosphate. The combination of Ca2+/CaM and ATP inhibited Na+/H+ exchange by 45 +/- 13%. This effect was specific since Ca2+/CaM and ATP did not alter diffusive Na+ uptake, Na+-dependent glucose entry, or Na+ or glucose equilibrium volumes. The inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger by Ca2+/CaM/ATP was due to an effect on the Vmax and not on the Km for Na+. In the presence of CaM and ATP, Ca2+ caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of Na+ uptake, with an effect 50% of maximum occurring at 120 nM. This Ca2+ concentration dependence was similar to the Ca2+ concentration dependence of Ca2+/CaM-dependent phosphorylation of specific proteins in the vesicles. The Ca2+/CaM/ATP-inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange was reversed by W13, a Ca2+/CaM antagonist, but not by a hydrophobic control, W12, or by H-7, a protein kinase C antagonist. We conclude that Ca2+, acting through CaM, regulates ileal brush-border Na+/H+ exchange, and that this may be involved in the regulation of neutral linked NaCl absorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emmer
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Rood
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wesolek
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Braithwaite
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Donowitz
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007082:Ileum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008871:Microvilli / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D012964:Sodium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D012964:Sodium; D011494:Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium