title: The influence of the pelvic nerves on anorectal motility in the cat.
abstract: The influence of the parasympathetic pelvic nerves on anorectal motility was studied in anaesthetized cats. Anal pressure and rectal motility were recorded by a manometric and a volumetric method, respectively. Severing of the pelvic nerves did not cause any pressure change in the anus, indicating that these nerves are not significantly tonically active. Efferent low intensity (0.05-0.5 ms, 8 V at 5 Hz) electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerves (PNS) elicited a contraction of the internal anal sphincter (IAS), while high intensity stimulation (greater than 1 ms, 8 V at 5 Hz) caused a sphincter relaxation. A rectal contraction was noted on both low and high intensity stimulation. After sectioning of the sympathetic nerves, PNS elicited a contraction in both the anus and the rectum irrespective of stimulation intensity. PNS inhibited the anal contraction elicited by simultaneous stimulation of the sympathetic nerves or noradrenaline infusion. The inhibitory anal responses to PNS were unaffected or augmented by atropine, unaffected by propranolol and abolished by hexamethonium. The excitatory anal effects of PNS were reduced or abolished by atropine and abolished by phentolamine. The rectal contraction induced by low intensity PNS was abolished by atropine or converted to a relaxation. In half of the experiments an atropine resistant rectal contraction was observed in response to high intensity PNS. The results are consistent with a pelvic nerve influence on IAS pressure through several mechanisms, including modulation of the activity in the sympathetic nerves and activation of inhibitory non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurons. The pelvic nerves convey both cholinergic and non-cholinergic excitatory, as well as non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory fibres to the rectum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Göteborg, Sahlgrenska Sjukhuset, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carlstedt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nordgren
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fasth
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hulten
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002415:Cats; D004525:Efferent Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D006584:Hexamethonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000294:innervation*; D010646:Phentolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011312:Pressure; D012007:Rectum / Q000502:physiology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D006584:Hexamethonium Compounds; D001285:Atropine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D010646:Phentolamine