title: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate as a second messenger in horizontal cell uncoupling in the teleost retina.
abstract: The reduction in the receptive field of horizontal cells of the teleost Eugerres plumieri observed upon dopamine (DA) superfusion is thought to be due to cell uncoupling. The possible mechanisms by which activation of DA receptors modify the electric coupling between horizontal cells were studied in the present work. It was found that the effect of DA in different preparations is mediated by a modification of intracellular concentration of cAMP and H+. The effects of intracellular injection of cAMP and H+ were studied in retinal horizontal cells of the teleost E. plumieri. A triple microelectrode was used to inject the ion iontophoretically, to pass current pulses, and to record voltages from the same cell, while a fourth microelectrode was used to record voltages from a neighboring cell in the same retinal layer. Responses evoked by light spots and annuli were evaluated simultaneously. Coupling ratios between neighboring horizontal cells ranged from 0.22 to 0.45. The intercellular resistance (Rc), 0.5-3.5 x 10(6) ohms, and that of the remaining cell membrane resistance (Rm), 2.5-18 x 10(6) ohms, were calculated by means of a passive electrical model that has a hexagonal array. The microinjection of H+ with injection current from +5 to +30 nA for 40 to 100 sec led to temporary and reversible light response reduction. The coupling ratio between two impaled cells was reduced by about 30%, and intercellular resistance (Rc) increment was 320% while cell membrane resistance (Rm) did not change consistently. There was also a temporary and reversible Rm reduction (70-85%) and an Rc increment of 170-330% when cyclic adenosine monophosphate was iontophoretically injected with current from -30 to -40 nA for 50 to 170 sec. The coupling ratio between two impaled cells was reduced by about 40%, and light responses recorded from the injected cell showed a reduction in amplitude with the same time course as that of the resistive changes. The injection of Lucifer yellow into a horizontal cell under normal conditions always results in pronounced fluorescence for more distant cells; however, under constant injection of H+ or cAMP only the injected cell is fluorescent, which provides direct evidence of the reduction in the effectiveness of coupling between horizontal cells. The observed effects of intracellular H+ or cAMP injection correspond to the resistive changes in Rc and coupling ratio that occur in the horizontal cell network upon superfusion with a dopamine (DA) solution.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biofisica y Bioquimica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drujan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002450:Cell Communication; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015290:Second Messenger Systems
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007546:Isoquinolines; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; C017475:lucifer yellow; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D002118:Calcium; D004298:Dopamine