title: Alpha 1-adrenoreceptor-mediated increase in acetylcholine release in brain slices during morphine tolerance.
abstract: Norepinephrine, clonidine, and phenylephrine increased the electrically evoked release of endogenous acetylcholine in cortical slices taken from morphine-tolerant guinea pigs. This effect was alpha 1-adrenoreceptor mediated and was opposite to the alpha 2-adrenoreceptor-mediated inhibition of acetylcholine release, normally elicited by norepinephrine and clonidine. In the presence of prazosin, clonidine recovered its normal inhibitory properties, suggesting that morphine tolerance induced the appearance of an alpha 1-adrenoreceptor-mediated response that overshadowed, but did not cancel, the still present alpha 2-adrenoreceptor inhibitory control. The attempt to prove the presence of alpha-adrenoreceptors on the nerve endings by testing the effect of norepinephrine in synaptosomal preparations (preloaded with [3H]choline and depolarized with KCl and veratridine) was unsuccessful. Therefore the problem of the exact location of this excitatory input remains to be solved. These results confirm previous findings reporting the increase in cortical acetylcholine release induced by the alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists in morphine-tolerant, freely moving guinea pigs and demonstrate that opiate tolerance inverts the direction of the noradrenergic modulation even in the isolated intracortical cholinergic structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanganelli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simonato
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spalluto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomasini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beani
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; D010656:Phenylephrine; D009020:Morphine; D003000:Clonidine; D002794:Choline; D000109:Acetylcholine; D009638:Norepinephrine