title: Evidence for the activation of two different Ca2+ channels during the egg jelly-induced acrosome reaction of sea urchin sperm.
abstract: The influx of Ca2+ and its subsequent intracellular increase are required for the acrosome reaction of sea urchin sperm to occur. Spermatozoa must undergo this reaction, which is triggered by the egg jelly, in order to fertilize the egg. Here, the egg jelly-induced Ca2+ influx mechanisms have been studied in sperm loaded with FURA-2 using Mn2+ under the assumption that this divalent ion is an indicator of Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ channels. Egg jelly induced the immediate entry of Ca2+ (mixing time 1 s), however; we found that the influx of Mn2+ increased after a lag time of 5 s. Nisol-dipine (a Ca2+ channel blocker) did not block the Mn2+ influx which was inhibited by 40 mM of external [K+], low Na+, and 5 mM of tetraethylammonium (a K+ channel blocker). These conditions also inhibited the alkalinization and the acrosome reaction. The inhibition of the Mn2+ influx could be overcome by increasing internal pH (pHi) with ammonium (10 mM). On the contrary the influx of Ca2+ during the first 5 s was not inhibited by any of the conditions indicated before, except by nisoldipine. These data could be explained by the activation of two different Ca2+ channels by egg jelly. The first one being a receptor-operator Ca2+ channel that opens when the receptor for egg jelly is occupied independently of the ionic conditions. The other one could be considered as a second messenger-operated Ca2+ channel that requires at least an increase in pHi to open.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécuico Nacional, México.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darszon
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D016257:Fura-2; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D010063:Ovum / Q000502:physiology; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D012617:Sea Urchins; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D019789:Tetraethylammonium; D013757:Tetraethylammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D015220:Calcium Channels; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D013757:Tetraethylammonium Compounds; D008345:Manganese; D019789:Tetraethylammonium; C043829:2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein; D011188:Potassium; D016257:Fura-2