title: mRNA expression of transforming growth factor alpha in human breast carcinomas and its activity in effusions of breast cancer patients.
abstract: Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) mRNA expression was measured by Northern blot analysis in 18 human, primary, infiltrating, ductal breast carcinomas. Expression of a 4.8-kilobase TGF alpha mRNA transcript was detected in nine of 18 tumors. No evidence was observed of any gross amplifications or major rearrangements of the TGF alpha gene in the breast carcinoma specimens. Biologically active and immunoreactive TGF alpha was measured in the pleural effusions or in the ascitic fluids from 37 noncancer and 63 cancer patients. The TGF alpha activity detected ranged from 0.2 to 26 ng/mL in most effusions from both groups. However, 29 of 63 (46%) of the effusions from cancer patients exhibited TGF alpha levels that were 6 ng/mL or higher, whereas only seven of 37 (19%) of those from noncancer patients exceeded this level (P less than .03). In particular, effusions obtained from breast cancer patients showed a significantly higher level of TGF alpha, compared with those from noncancer patients (P less than .001). Effusions from 14 cancer patients also contained elevated levels of two tumor-associated antigens, CEA and/or TAG-72, and within this group, nine also had elevated levels of TGF alpha.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ciardiello
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Liscia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lidereau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Merlo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greiner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szpak
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kidwell
mesh_terms: D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors