title: Localized surface activity of torso, a receptor tyrosine kinase, specifies terminal body pattern in Drosophila.
abstract: The subdivision of the Drosophila body into distinct terminal and central domains depends on the torso (tor) protein, a putative receptor tyrosine kinase that is active at both ends of the early embryo. We show that the tor protein is uniformly expressed along the surface membrane of early embryos despite its localized activity at both poles. Further, we present evidence that polarized activity of this protein depends on other terminal gene functions, one of which may be a localized extracellular ligand generated during oogenesis. Finally, using the temperature-sensitive gain-of-function mutation torRL3, we show that different levels of active tor protein can specify distinct portions of the terminal pattern. Thus, we argue (1) that for functions as a ubiquitous surface receptor that is activated by a spatially restricted ligand, and (2) that localized activity of the tor kinase may generate one or more gradients of intracellular signals that control body pattern.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casanova
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Struhl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004330:Drosophila / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007106:Immune Sera; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D007106:Immune Sera; D008024:Ligands; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases