title: The effects of structure-conformation modifications of melanotropin analogs on learning and memory: D-amino acid substituted linear and cyclic analogs.
abstract: Alpha-MSH has a wide variety of putative biological activities in addition to its classical melanocyte dispersing activity. Since each of these activities appears to be mediated by a discrete receptor, this peptide is an excellent candidate for exploring conformational restrictions which determine the chemical-physical basis for hormone action on specific activities. Experiments One and Two evaluated several cyclic and linear analogs of alpha-MSH on retrieval of memory during the reactivation of memory for a passive avoidance response following hypothermia-induced amnesia. Three of the cyclic analogs appear to have enhanced the peptide's ability to serve as a reactivation agent. One of the linear Nle4,D-Phe7 analogs antagonized whereas three others enhanced reactivation. The D-Phe7 substitution in cyclic analogs did not affect reactivation. Another group of animals were trained on a step-through passive avoidance task and tested 25 days later. The cyclic analog enhanced memory whereas the D-Phe7 analog and alpha-MSH had no effect. Finally, two analogs were tested on a black-white discrimination. Although the cyclic analog had no effect on either acquisition or reversal of this learning, the Nle4,D-Phe7 analog significantly impaired reversal learning. The results from these preliminary studies suggest that structural modifications of alpha-MSH do alter its potency and pattern of actions in learning and memory situations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks 58202.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Beckwith
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Tinius
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Hruby
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: al-Obeidi
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Affholter
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000647:Amnesia; D000818:Animals; D004597:Electroshock; D007536:Isomerism; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D012016:Reference Values; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000521:alpha-MSH