Smoking and infectious agents and risk of in situ cervical cancer in Sydney, Australia.
In a study of 116 in situ cervical cancer patients and 193 matched community controls in Sydney, Australia, smoking was found to be a major risk factor. Current smokers had a adjusted relative risk [RR] of 4.5 compared to nonsmokers [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-9.1] and exsmokers a RR of 1.3 [95% CI 0.6-3.0]. There was a stepwise dose-response relationship between risk and number of cigarettes smoked (30+ cigarettes/day, RR = 5.1, 95% CI 1.5-17.3); this dose-response relationship was more marked among current smokers. Years of cigarette smoking was not consistently related to risk. Exposures to herpes simplex virus type 2 and cytomegalovirus as measured by antibody prevalence were unrelated to risk (RR = 1.1 for both measures). However, cases appeared to have more exposure than controls to herpes simplex virus type 1 (RR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.4).
Brock
K E
KE
Department of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
MacLennan
R
R
Brinton
L A
LA
Melnick
J L
JL
Adam
E
E
Mock
P A
PA
Berry
G
G
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012747:Sexual Partners; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000276:immunology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D002338:Carotenoids