title: Kappa-opioid receptor-mediated antinociception in the rat. I. Comparative actions of mu- and kappa-opioids against noxious thermal, pressure and electrical stimuli.
abstract: This study examined the comparative efficacy of mu- and kappa-opioids in modulating the tail-withdrawal response to matched intensity heat and pressure stimuli and the vocalization response to electrical stimulation in the rat. All drugs were given s.c. The mu-agonists, morphine and fentanyl, were equipotent against heat and pressure at all intensities. The kappa-agonists, U50,488H and U69,593 also acted against pressure in an intensity-independent fashion. However, their action against heat was intensity-dependent being greatest against "low" and least against "high" intensity. At "moderate" intensities, morphine, fentanyl, U69,593, U50,488H and 2 other kappa-agonists (bremazocine and tifluadom) were equipotent against heat and pressure. The action of tifluadom was stereospecific. Naltrexone (a preferential mu-antagonist) was 10 times more potent in blocking the actions of morphine and fentanyl (as compared to U69,593 and U50,488H) against both heat and pressure. The preferential kappa-antagonists, nor-binaltorphimine and MR 2266, were 5- and 2-fold, respectively, more potent against the kappa-ligands for both heat and pressure. The antagonism of MR 2266 was expressed stereospecifically. Fentanyl and morphine induced a powerful antinociception against electrical stimulation whereas U69,593, U50,488H, bremazocine and tifluadom were completely inactive. Thus, kappa-opioid receptors can mediate antinociception against noxious thermal stimuli. However, in contrast to mu-receptors, this antinociception against heat is intensity-dependent. Kappa-agonists, in distinction to mu-agonists, are inactive against electrical stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropharmacology, Max-Planck-Institut for Psychiatry, Planegg-Martinsried, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Millan
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008297:Male; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu