title: Prognostic parameters in breast cancer.
abstract: Carcinoma of the breast is the most common cancer in Australian women. Current methods of treatment and refinements in therapeutic regimens are based on our understanding of the biological behaviour of the disease. Several prognostic parameters have been identified which predict survival and allow the selection of patients who may benefit from adjuvant therapies. The more important of these parameters include tumour size, histologic type, histologic grade, axillary lymph node status, estrogen receptor status and tumour growth fraction. Diagnostic pathologists who are responsible for the evaluation of these parameters should be cognizant of their relative prognostic values and also of other factors such as cellular antigens, lectin binding and oncogenes which may have potential roles in predicting survival and therapeutic responses. This review provides an update of prognostic parameters which are assessed through examination of the excised specimen.
authors.affiliation: Division of Tissue Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, Adelaide.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Raymond
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002455:Cell Division; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins / Q000032:analysis; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000502:physiology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D037102:Lectins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface