title: Distribution and metabolism of norepinephrine, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in the atrioventricular conducting tissue of the bovine heart.
abstract: The distribution of norepinephrine (NE), cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) and the activities of related enzymes in the atrioventricular (A-V) conducting tissue of the bovine heart were examined. The concentration of NE in the atrium was about twice that in the ventricle. In the A-V conducting tissue, the concentration of NE was highest in the atrioventricular node (AVN) and lowest in the false tendon (FT), with intermediate levels in the bundle of His (HIS) and the right and left bundle branches (RLBB). The activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the atrium was about 2.2 times that in the ventricle. In the A-V conducting tissue, the activity of MAO was highest in the HIS and lowest in the FT. The activity of catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) in the atrium and ventricle was similar, and that in the HIS was slightly, but not significantly, higher than that in other regions of the A-V conducting tissue. The concentration of cAMP in the ventricle was about twice that in the atrium. In the A-V conducting tissue, the concentration of cAMP was higher in the AVN and FT than in the HIS and RLBB. The distribution of adenylate cyclase (AC) was similar to that of NE. The phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in the atrium and ventricle was similar. No significant difference was found in the level of PDE activity in different regions of the A-V conducting tissue. The concentration of cGMP was slightly, but not significantly, higher in the A-V conducting tissue than in the atrium or ventricle. In the A-V conducting tissue, the concentration of cGMP was highest in the FT and the concentrations in the HIS, RLBB and AVN were similar. These findings suggest that in the A-V conduction tissue, the regions that have the higher spontaneous pacemaker rates have higher NE content and AC activity, that is sensitivity to NE. Furthermore, the sensitivity for muscarinic cholinergic stimulation is higher in the conducting tissue (especially in the FT) than in the atrium and ventricle.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akaike
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saijo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasui
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kagoshima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000032:analysis* / Q000201:enzymology; D002036:Bundle of His / Q000032:analysis / Q000201:enzymology; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000032:analysis*; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000032:analysis / Q000201:enzymology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000242:Cyclic AMP; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D009638:Norepinephrine