title: The second-messenger system for peptide hormones.
abstract: There are three major hormone classes--peptide, steroid, and the newly defined growth factors--each with its own system for signal transduction in the cell. Two interdependent theses are proposed for the peptide hormone: that incoming signal transduction requires coupling to a G protein in a second-messenger pathway, and that second-messenger redundancy assures checks and balances in cell regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000502:physiology; D006003:Glycogen / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D010455:Peptides / Q000502:physiology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D006003:Glycogen; D005934:Glucagon; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011494:Protein Kinases