title: Alterations in the stereochemistry of the kappa-selective opioid agonist U50,488 result in high-affinity sigma ligands.
abstract: The synthesis and in vitro sigma receptor activity of the two diastereomers of U50,488 [(+/-)-2], namely, (1R,2S)-(+)- cis-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]benzeneacet ami de [(+)-1] and (1S,2R)-(-)-cis-3,4-dichloro- N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]benzeneacetamide [(-)-1], are described. (+)-1 and (-)-1 were synthesized from (+/-)-trans-N-methyl-2-aminocyclohexanol [(+/-)-3]. Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) oxidation of the N-t-Boc-protected derivative of (+/-)-3 afforded (+/-)-2-[N- [(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl]-N-methylamino]cyclohexanone [(+/-)-5]. The sequence of enamine formation with pyrrolidine, catalytic reduction, N-deprotection, and optical resolution afforded (1R,2S)-(-)-cis-2-pyrrolidinyl-N-methylcyclohexylamine [(-)-10] and (1S,2R)-(+)-cis-2-pyrrolidinyl-N-methylcyclohexylamine [(+)-10]. The optical purity (greater than 99.5%) of (-)-10 and (+)-10 was determined by HPLC analysis of the diastereomeric ureas formed by reaction with optically pure (R)-alpha-methylbenzyl isocyanate. The absolute configuration of (-)-10 and (+)-10 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry of the bis-(R)-mandelate salt. Condensation of optically pure (-)-10 and (+)-10 with 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid furnished (+)-1 and (-)-1, respectively. Compounds (+)-1, (-)-1, (-)-2, and (+)-2 were compared for their binding affinities at kappa opioid, sigma, D2-dopamine, and phencyclidine (PCP) receptors in competitive binding assays using [3H]bremazocine ([3H]BREM) or [3H]U69,593, [3H]-(+)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(1-propyl)piperidine [[3H]-(+)-3-PPP], or [3H]-1,3-di(o-tolyl)guanidine ([3H]DTG), [3H]-(-)-sulpiride [[3H]-(-)SULP], and [3H]-1- [1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine ([3H]TCP), respectively. In the systems examined, (-)-2 exhibited the highest affinity for kappa receptors, with a Ki of 44 +/- 8 nM. However, (-)-2 also showed moderate affinity for sigma receptors, with a Ki of 594 +/- 3 nM [[3H]-(+)-3-PPP]. The (1R,2R)-(+)-enantiomer, (+)-2, had low affinity for both kappa and sigma receptors, exhibiting Ki values of 1298 +/- 49 nM at kappa ([3H]BREM) and 1270 +/- 168 nM at sigma [[3H]-(+)-3-PPP]. In contrast, the chiral cis compounds (+)-1 and (-)-1 showed high affinity for sigma receptors and negligible affinity for kappa opioid receptors in the [3H]BREM assay. Compound (-)-1 exhibited a Ki of 81 +/- 13 nM at sigma receptors [[3H]-(+)-3-PPP] and 250 +/- 8 nM ([3H]DTG).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Digestive, Diabetes, and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20894.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: de Costa
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hellewell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Rice
mesh_terms: D019900:3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; D000818:Animals; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000187:drug effects*; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000187:drug effects*; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000187:drug effects*; D017478:Receptors, Phencyclidine; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D011759:Pyrrolidines; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D017478:Receptors, Phencyclidine; D019900:3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer