title: cGMP-induced differentiation of the promyelocytic cell line HL-60.
abstract: cGMP is a second messenger that mediates numerous metabolic events; in the present work a role in myeloid cell differentiation was demonstrated. Nitroprusside and NaNO2, which activate cytosolic guanylate cyclase and increase the intracellular cGMP concentration, induced granulocytic differentiation of the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60; differentiation was measured by acquisition of the OKM1 antigen, morphological changes, and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. When theophylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, which by itself induced modest differentiation, was added to nitroprusside or NaNO2, differentiation increased in an additive fashion. The degree of differentiation correlated with the increase in the intracellular cGMP concentration. 8-Bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, a membrane-permeable cGMP analogue, also induced differentiation of HL-60 cells but was much more effective in the presence of theophylline, with the two agents interacting synergistically. The effect of theophylline in these studies could not be attributed to increasing the intracellular cAMP concentration. Dimethyl sulfoxide, and established inducer of differentiation of HL-60 cells, markedly enhanced the differentiation induced by nitroprusside and NaNO2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego 92103.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Boss
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000032:analysis; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000187:drug effects; D012977:Sodium Nitrite / Q000494:pharmacology; D013806:Theophylline / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009599:Nitroprusside; C016276:8-bromocyclic GMP; D013806:Theophylline; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D012977:Sodium Nitrite