Regulation of sigma-receptors: high- and low-affinity agonist states, GTP shifts, and up-regulation by rimcazole and 1,3-Di(2-tolyl)guanidine.
The regulation of the central sigma-binding site was investigated using both in vitro and in vivo manipulations in conjunction with radioligand binding. The displacement of the binding of R(+)-[3H]3-[3-hydroxyphenyl]-N-(1-propyl)piperidine [R(+)-[3H]3-PPP] to cortical homogenates by a range of drugs was consistent with the site labelled being a sigma-receptor. (+)-SKF 10,047, (-)-SKF 10,047, (+/-)-cyclazocine, phencyclidine, and dexoxadrol displaced R(+)-[3H]3-PPP with pseudo-Hill coefficients of less than 1. Further analysis employing nonlinear curve fitting techniques demonstrated that displacement data for these compounds were described better by a model whereby R(+)-[3H]3-PPP was displaced from two discrete sites; approximately 65% of the total sites were in the high-affinity state. In the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ and 0.3 mM GTP, displacement curves for (+)-SKF 10,047 and (+/-)-cyclazocine were shifted to the right. These findings were due to the shift of some 15% of the high-affinity binding sites to a low-affinity state. Saturation experiments revealed that 0.3 mM GTP acted competitively to decrease the affinity of R(+)-[3H]3-PPP for the sigma sites. The sigma-binding site was thus likely to be linked to a guanine nucleotide regulatory (G) protein. Thus sigma drugs could be subdivided on the basis of their GTP sensitivity and pseudo-Hill coefficients, and by analogy with other receptors R(+)-3-PPP, (+)-SKF 10,047, and (+/-)-cyclazocine, may be putative sigma-agonists. 1,3-Di(2-tolyl)guanidine (DTG), rimcazole, and haloperidol displaced R(+)-[3H]3-PPP with pseudo-Hill coefficients of approximately unity and thus may be sigma-antagonists. Subchronic treatment with rimcazole was characterized by slight sedation and a concomitant up-regulation, with a decrease in the affinity, of sigma-binding sites. The schedule of rimcazole also increased dopamine turnover in the nucleus accumbens; both the concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and the DOPAC/dopamine ratio were elevated. DTG produced similar alterations to the binding parameters of the sigma-binding site; however, changes were not observed in general behavior or accumbal dopamine turnover. sigma-Receptors are likely to be linked to a G protein and are functionally involved in the CNS.
Beart
P M
PM
University of Melbourne, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria.
O'Shea
R D
RD
Manallack
D T
DT
D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003496:Cyclazocine / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010620:Phenazocine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017480:Receptors, sigma
D002227:Carbazoles; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D006146:Guanidines; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D017480:Receptors, sigma; D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; C012134:SK&F 10047; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; C034931:rimcazole; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D008274:Magnesium; D010620:Phenazocine; D003496:Cyclazocine; C050232:1,3-ditolylguanidine; D004298:Dopamine