title: Activation of the right ventricular apical electrogram during ventricular tachycardia: suitability for synchronizing intracavitary cardioversion.
abstract: An intravascular catheter positioned in the right ventricular apex has been used for intracavitary cardioversion in patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia. We examined the timing of the right ventricular apical electrogram during sinus rhythm and ventricular tachycardia (VT) in order to determine if this signal could be used to synchronize the delivery of a countershock. Sixty-three distinct morphologies of VT were observed in 33 patients undergoing electrophysiologic testing with programmed stimulation. Regardless of VT morphology or site of origin, the bipolar right ventricular electrogram always occurred within the peripheral QRS complex during ventricular tachycardia. Relative timing occurred within the QRS ranging from the initial 13% of the QRS to the last 12%. When all episodes of VT were examined, the timing of the right ventricular electrogram did not correlate linearly with the peak of the ECG, but the right ventricular electrogram occurred within 60 ms of the peak ECG in 83% of episodes of ventricular tachycardia. In one case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, the right ventricular electrogram occurred 160 ms after the peak ECG in ventricular tachycardia, a time when delivery of a countershock may have precipitated ventricular fibrillation. Six of these patients underwent cardioversion utilizing an intracavitary catheter and external generator. Acceleration of VT, or conversion to ventricular fibrillation, occurred following two of 27 shocks (7.4%). The right ventricular electrogram occurred the latest within the QRS complex in the two patients who developed acceleration of the tachycardia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milstein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: MacDonald
mesh_terms: D002037:Bundle-Branch Block / Q000628:therapy; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000379:methods*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007702:Kinetocardiography; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*