title: CpG dinucleotides are mutation hot spots in phenylketonuria.
abstract: The coding region of the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene contains 22 CpG dinucleotides, including five doublets in the seventh exon of the gene. We hypothesized that CpG doublets could represent mutation hot spots in PAH deficiencies and we carried out the systematic sequence analysis of exon 7 in 20 unrelated PAH-deficient kindreds of Mediterranean ancestry. This procedure resulted in the detection of two novel missense mutations whose location and nature (CG to CA and CG to TG) were consistent with the accidental deamination of a 5-methylcytosine in a CpG doublet (codon 261arg----gln and codon 252arg----trp). Moreover, the codon 261 mutation was found to be associated with mutant restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) haplotype 1, the most frequent mutant RFLP haplotype at the PAH locus in the studies reported thus far. However, since the mutation was detected in only 36% of haplotype 1 mutant alleles, it appears that this haplotype at the PAH locus is genotypically heterogeneous in Mediterranean countries.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherches de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U-12, Hôpital des Enfants-Malades, Paris, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Abadie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lyonnet
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maurin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berthelon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caillaud
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giraud
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munnich
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010651:Phenylalanine Hydroxylase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; D010651:Phenylalanine Hydroxylase; C015772:CpG dinucleotide