Adaptation of energy metabolism of overweight women to alternating and continuous low energy intake.
To investigate whether a slimming diet based on alternating (low with normal) energy intakes could counteract a decrease in energy requirement, 24-h energy expenditure (24EE), sleeping energy expenditure (sleeping EE), and physical activity were determined in a respiration chamber in 27 overweight women: before weight reduction and after 4 and 8 wk of slimming. Daily alternating and continuous slimming diets were supplied. Average weight losses over 8 wk of slimming were 6.9-9.0 kg. After 8 wk at low energy intake, 24EE had declined by 12-16% (from 2328 +/- 219 to 1987 +/- 204 kcal, mean +/- SD). Sleeping EE had declined by 7-13% (from 64 +/- 6 to 57 +/- 6 kcal/h). Measurements of physical activity indicated a reduction of spontaneous physical activity during slimming. Alternating low energy intake did not prevent 24EE from declining. The reduction in 24EE was determined by a decrease of body weight, dietary induced thermogenesis (in proportion to caloric restriction), and physical activity. There seems little reason to consider other adaptive mechanisms.
de Groot
L C
LC
Department of Animal Physiology, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
van Es
A J
AJ
van Raaij
J M
JM
Vogt
J E
JE
Hautvast
J G
JG
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D015431:Weight Loss
D009584:Nitrogen