title: Measurement of hemodialysis access recirculation: a two-needle method at the start of dialysis.
abstract: Conventional methods of measuring recirculation in hemodialysis access include a three site method performed during dialysis, and a two site technique conducted at the end of a hemodialysis treatment. This study describes a two site procedure performed at the beginning of a hemodialysis session. Blood samples are drawn from the arterial side of the hemodialysis access immediately prior to hemodialysis (AIPD), and from the same arterial line (A+5) and venous line (V+5) when maximal blood flows are reached 5 min after starting hemodialysis. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is measured in these samples, and the results entered into the formula AIPD - A+5/AIPD - V+5 X 100% to calculate the percent recirculation. Percent recirculation calculated by this method compared favorably with, and may hold several advantages over conventional techniques.
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19141.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kobrin
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Kriger
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Raja
mesh_terms: D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*