title: Differential affinity of charged local anesthetics to solid-gel and liquid-crystalline states of dimyristoylphosphatidic acid vesicle membranes.
abstract: Cationic local anesthetics decreased the transition temperature of the anionic phospholipid (dimyristoylphosphatidic acid, DMPA) vesicles. The counterion concentration changes the electrical double layer effect, and affects the magnitude of temperature depression caused by anesthetics. From the counterion effect on the transition-temperature depression, the partition coefficients of cationic local anesthetics to liquid-crystalline and solid-gel DMPA membranes were separately estimated. The differences in the partition coefficients between solid-gel and liquid-crystalline membranes correlated to the nerve blocking potencies. There are at least two states in the nerve membranes: resting state at higher temperature and excited state at lower temperature. We speculate that the resting state corresponds to the liquid-crystalline state, and the excited state to the solid-gel state. The difference in the partition coefficients to the resting and excited states is the cause of local anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaminoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamaya
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003992:Dibucaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008081:Liposomes; D008433:Mathematics; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; D011343:Procaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature; D013748:Tetracaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D008081:Liposomes; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; D013748:Tetracaine; C025602:dimyristoylphosphatidic acid; D011343:Procaine; D008012:Lidocaine; D003992:Dibucaine