title: Synthetic and natural Escherichia coli free lipid A express identical endotoxic activities.
abstract: The recently chemically synthesized Escherichia coli lipid A and the natural free lipid A of E. coli were compared with respect to their endotoxic activities in the following test systems: lethal toxicity, pyrogenicity, local Shwartzman reactivity, Limulus amoebocyte lysate gelation capacity, tumour necrotizing activity, B cell mitogenicity, induction of prostaglandin synthesis in macrophages, and antigenic specificity. It was found that synthetic and natural free lipid A exhibit identical activities and are indistinguishable in all tests.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galanos
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lüderitz
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Rietschel
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brade
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brade
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freudenberg
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schade
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D004731:Endotoxins; D000939:Epitopes; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008033:Limulus Test; D008050:Lipid A / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008934:Mitogens; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011749:Pyrogens; D011817:Rabbits; D012513:Sarcoma, Experimental / Q000473:pathology; D012790:Shwartzman Phenomenon / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D000939:Epitopes; D008050:Lipid A; D008934:Mitogens; D011453:Prostaglandins; D011749:Pyrogens