title: The policy of surgery for small carcinoid tumors of the rectum.
abstract: In this report, we discuss the current policy of surgery for small carcinoid tumors of the rectum, with reference to our own cases and also to those reported in the literature. Ten cases of rectal carcinoid tumors were surgically treated at the National Kyushu Cancer Center over a period of sixteen years and three months. The tumors ranged in size from 0.2 to 1.0 cm, with an average of 0.5 cm, and all were confined to the submucosa. The lesions were treated by local excision in eight patients and by low anterior resection in the other two cases, where transanal or transsacral excision was considered difficult. No lymph node involvement was found in these two cases. All patients are alive and well without recurrence, after an average follow-up time of three years and six months. According to the literature, the incidence of metastasis from rectal carcinoid tumors smaller than 1 cm is very low, ranging between 1.7 to 3.4 per cent, and it therefore seems that most such lesions can be treated by local excision alone. If, however, any muscle invasion or lymphatic vessel invasion is demonstrated, then radical surgery is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomoda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furusawa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate