title: Food transport through the anterior oral cavity in macaques.
abstract: Intraoral transport, the movement of food or liquid through the oral cavity and oropharynx, is a major component of feeding behavior. Stage I transport, transport through the oral cavity prior to mastication, has been described for several mammals (Franks et al.: Arch. Oral Biol. 30:539, 1985; Hiiemae and Crompton: Hildebrand et al. (eds.): Functional Vertebrate Morphology, Cambridge, MA, Belknap Press, 1985). Previous work (Franks et al.: Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 65:275, 1984) indicated that this was not a significant behavior in macaques in a laboratory setting, because food was ingested directly to the region of the cheek teeth. Although relatively infrequent in a captive situation, stage I transport does occur in long-tailed macaques through a mechanism similar to other mammals, but also subject to unique aspects of primate anatomy. Transport takes several cycles during which the food moves back and forth in an anterior/posterior direction, due to tongue movements. Because anthropoid primates lack the pronounced rugae that in other mammals prevent the anterior displacement of a bolus, stage I transport uses the rounded arch of the upper, anterior dentition to hold the food during the forward movement of the tongue. During the final cycle of transport, a pronounced twisting of the tongue, along a midline anteroposterior axis helps funnel the food item toward the postcanine teeth for subsequent mastication. This twisting, which was described in humans by Abd-El-Malek (J. Anat. 100:215, 1955) but not within the context of jaw movement, occurs prior to the closing phase of the jaw cycle.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
authors.forename: R Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: German
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Saxe
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Crompton
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hiiemae
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003817:Dentition; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D007568:Jaw / Q000502:physiology; D008251:Macaca / Q000502:physiology*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology