title: A report on methods to reduce, refine and replace animal testing in industrial toxicology laboratories.
abstract: The Committee to Promote Principles of Reduction, Refinement and Replacement of Animal Testing in Industrial Toxicology Laboratories was established in 1987 to work toward industrywide improvements in laboratory animal testing methods. The committee's goals are to gather information about effective nonanimal testing techniques and other methods of conserving and improving the care of laboratory animals, to work toward the systematic validation of nonanimal alternatives, and to disseminate useful information about progressive programs and policies throughout the industrial toxicology community. This is the first in a continuing series of reports the committee plans to produce as part of an ongoing program to promote communication among industrial toxicologists about successful methods of reducing, refining and replacing animal testing. Here are some of the report's major findings: (1) Animal care and use committees charged with the oversight of laboratory animal use are a universal practice at the companies surveyed. (2) Significant reductions in the number of animals used for acute toxicity testing have taken place at all the companies during the last 5- to 10-year period. (3) Structure-activity relationships (predicting a test compound's properties based on the known properties of familiar chemicals with similar structures) are widely used to minimize, but not replace, the use of animals. (4) Tissue and organ culture systems are being used with increasing frequency for screening and mechanistic studies, but are not completely replacing animal evaluations as a final step. (5) There is a pressing need for the systematic and scientifically sound validation of nonanimal alternative techniques to reduce the use of animals in toxicology testing while satisfying requirements for the protection of public safety.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mehlman
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Pfitzer
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Scala
mesh_terms: D026683:Advisory Committees; D035661:Animal Care Committees; D032761:Animal Experimentation; D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D007221:Industry; D007509:Irritants; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013723:Teratogens; D014116:Toxicology / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*
chemical_list: D007509:Irritants; D013723:Teratogens