title: Critical care nurses' participation in ethical decision making.
abstract: Critical care staff nurses' participation in ethical decision making was studied in relation to the perceptions of environmental social support of 45 female staff nurses. Data obtained measured perceived environmental social support from six organizational subgroups and individual participation in ethical decision making. Validity and reliability testing was done on the instrument. When involved in an ethical situation, critical care nurses perceived low levels of environmental social support from hospital administrators, nursing administrators, and physicians. Co-workers were consistently perceived as most supportive across all aspects of social support. The majority of the nurses surveyed (74%) reported that ethical decisions were made by physicians or with reference to hospital policy, and that there were limited roles for individual, family, or nurse participation in such decision making. It was concluded that critical care nurses perceive a lack of free agency necessary to engage in ethical decision making in hospital environments or to act in an advocacy role in such situations.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003422:Critical Care; D003657:Decision Making; D004993:Ethics, Nursing; D006801:Humans; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology; D013041:Specialties, Nursing