title: Stimulants, urinary catecholamines, and indoleamines in hyperactivity. A comparison of methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine.
abstract: Children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity were given either methylphenidate hydrochloride or dextroamphetamine sulfate to compare the effects on urinary excretion of catecholamines, indoleamines, and phenylethylamine (PEA). Methylphenidate's effects were distinctly different from those of dextroamphetamine. After methylphenidate administration, both norepinephrine (NE) and normetanephrine (NMN) concentrations were significantly elevated, and there was a 22% increase in excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). In contrast, after dextroamphetamine treatment, MHPG excretion was significantly reduced and NE and NMN values were unchanged. Excretion of dopamine and metabolites was unchanged by either drug. Urinary PEA excretion was not significantly changed after methylphenidate treatment, but increased 1,600% in response to dextroamphetamine. Methylphenidate treatment did not significantly alter serotonin or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion. Effects of dextroamphetamine were not tested.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Zametkin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karoum
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linnoila
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rapoport
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wyatt
mesh_terms: D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid / Q000652:urine; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol / Q000652:urine; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000652:urine; D009647:Normetanephrine / Q000652:urine; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000652:urine; D012701:Serotonin / Q000652:urine*; D014642:Vanilmandelic Acid / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D010627:Phenethylamines; D009647:Normetanephrine; D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; D008774:Methylphenidate; D012701:Serotonin; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D014642:Vanilmandelic Acid; D003913:Dextroamphetamine; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine