title: Lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes in a patient with concomitant hepatitis B virus infection of CD4 lymphocytes.
abstract: In this report we studied a 35-year-old male who developed an abnormal expansion of granular lymphocytes (GL) which spontaneously regressed over a period of 2 years. The immunological and molecular characterizations of expanded cells showed the CD3+,CD8+,HNK-1+ phenotype, a polyclonal organization of the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene and normal natural killer activity. At the time of presentation, spot and blot hybridization techniques revealed the presence of viral hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA sequences only in highly enriched CD4+ T cells, while proliferating GL were negative. With this as a background, we addressed the question of whether in our case the polyclonal GL proliferation represented an immunoreactive response against CD4+ infected cells. In particular, we tested the possibility that expanded GL could be cytotoxic against autologous infected CD4+ cells. At the time of the first determination, when several of the CD4+ cells harbored HBV, GL showed a minimal degree of cytotoxicity against 51Cr-labeled CD4+ cells; 2 years later, when GL became capable of lysing these targets, the appearance of the specific cytotoxicity was concomitant with the disappearance of the HBV-infected CD4+ cells and with the recovery of granular lymphocytosis. Taken together, our data suggest that in this case GL proliferation could represent an immunoreactive process against CD4+ cells.
authors.affiliation: First Medical Clinic, University of Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agostini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zambello
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pontisso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trentin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Siviero
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Foà
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pandolfi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Semenzato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D002469:Cell Separation; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006511:Hepatitis B Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008218:Lymphocytosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006511:Hepatitis B Antigens