title: Sexual discrimination in academia. Implications for dental hygiene faculty.
abstract: Despite anti-discriminatory legislation, academic women in the 1980s have not achieved equality, and continue to face diverse problems advancing in an academic system based on a patriarchal paradigm. The purpose of this paper is to provide dental hygiene faculty with insight, awareness, and understanding into four major problem areas that influence women's academic success: values and attitudes learned through socialization; blocks to administrative positions; the male locus of decision making; and double standards of performance evaluation. Additionally, examples of solutions to these problems are discussed in three categories: individual, internal to the university, and external to the university; in an effort to better prepare women in dental hygiene education to succeed in academia despite discriminatory practices.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shuman
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tolle
mesh_terms: D003756:Dental Hygienists; D005179:Faculty, Dental; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011287:Prejudice; D012576:Schools, Health Occupations