title: Occlusion and the solution to the aperture problem for motion.
abstract: The "aperture problem" indicates that a local reading of the velocity of an oriented contour is inherently ambiguous, insufficient by itself to recover the velocity of image points. In Wallach's "barber pole" display consisting of moving diagonal lines within an elongated rectangular aperture, it has been suggested that the unambiguous motion of edge-terminators along the longer edges of the aperture propagates towards the motion-ambiguous center part of drifting stripes. This results in the perception of a surface moving in the direction of the longer axis of the aperture. By manipulating the stereoscopic disparity of a striped pattern relative to the aperture plane, we found that the disambiguating effects of terminators could be abolished if the striped pattern was in uncrossed disparity relative to the aperture plane. Also, the motion in 3 separate horizontally oriented, and vertically aligned apertures which would otherwise be seen as moving horizontally, was seen as "linked" together and moving vertically. This occurred only when the horizontally oriented segments separating these apertures were stereoscopically coded so that they appeared as occluders in front. These findings suggest that accidental or "extrinsic" terminators created by occluding edges are treated differently from real or "intrinsic" terminators, and that the real-world constraint of occlusion is thus implemented in the ambiguity-solving processes for motion.
authors.affiliation: Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94115.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimojo
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
mesh_terms: D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D015357:Vision Disparity / Q000502:physiology; D015349:Vision, Monocular / Q000502:physiology