title: The hormonal environment of post-natal depression.
abstract: The incidence of post-natal depression is high, and dramatic changes in steroid hormones and prolactin occur in the post-partum period. In an attempt to correlate these events, 147 mothers, six to eight weeks after delivery of a healthy infant, completed standard psychological tests, including the Edinburgh, Montgomery-Asberg, and Raskin scales. They also provided matched samples of plasma for assay of cortisol, oestradiol, progesterone and prolactin, and saliva for assay of cortisol and progesterone. All steroid concentrations were within the appropriate normal ranges. Of the mothers, 14.9% were depressed on all three scales. Significant correlations were seen between depression ratings and salivary progesterone and prolactin. In bottle-feeders, salivary progesterone was positively associated with depression, whereas in breast-feeders it was negatively associated. Plasma prolactin levels were inappropriately low in depressed breast-feeders. These data indicate that differing therapies may be appropriate for depression in breast- and bottle-feeders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Riad-Fahmy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin; D006854:Hydrocortisone