title: Current management of urinary calculi.
abstract: Open surgery for the removal of renal and ureteric calculi has been rendered almost obsolete in the last eight years. The development of the extracorporeal lithotripter and the pulsed dye laser has permitted many patients to have their stones treated without anaesthesia on an outpatient basis.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wickham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser; D014481:United States; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*