title: Effects of tumor necrosis factor on PMN chemotaxis, chemiluminescence, and elastase activity.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been proposed as an important mediator of the inflammatory response in acute lung injury. To better understand polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) activation during acute lung injury, we evaluated the effects of TNF on several in vitro PMN functions, including chemotaxis, chemiluminescence, and elastase activity. In the chemotaxis assay using a modified Boyden chamber, TNF alone or with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP, 10(-8) mol/L) did not alter PMN migration. TNF suspended with 1% zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) increased PMN migration at low concentrations and decreased migration at high concentrations (control 99 +/- 4.8 microns, n = 9; TNF 0.1 ng/ml 135 +/- 9.4 microns, n = 5, p less than 0.01; TNF 1000 ng/ml 62 +/- 7.5 microns, n = 5, p less than 0.01). In the chemiluminescence assay, TNF (1000 ng/ml) induced a 3-fold increase in the PMN chemiluminescent response. However, TNF incubated with PMN did not cause an increase in supernatant elastase activity. These data reveal TNF induced the production of PMN reactive oxygen species as evidenced by an increased chemiluminescent response. Whereas TNF increased chemotaxis at low concentrations in the presence of 1% ZAS, high concentrations of TNF similar to levels detected in septic shock caused a decrease in chemotaxis that might contribute to retaining PMN in sites of inflammation. It is thus suggested that TNF may contribute to inflammation by stimulating the production of PMN-reactive oxygen species and modulating-PMN chemotaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yonemaru
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishizaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hogue
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hatherill
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Raffin
mesh_terms: D000166:Acridines; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000166:Acridines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C033472:10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase