title: Dietary restriction, tyramine, and the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
abstract: The aim of this study is to provide clearer guidelines for rational, safe, and practical dietary restriction for use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Tyramine levels were assayed in over 100 of the controversial foods that have been associated with hypertensive reactions or reported to contain high levels of tyramine. Only a very limited number of foods appear to require absolute restriction. These include all aged cheeses, concentrated yeast extracts (e.g., Marmite), sauerkraut, and broad bean pods. Alcoholic beverages, including Chianti wine consumed in moderation, appear to be safe. Some aged meats contain relatively high levels of tyramine and require closer investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knowles
mesh_terms: D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014439:Tyramine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D014439:Tyramine