title: Killing rate and serum bactericidal activity of oxacillin, rifampin and ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: The bacterial activity of oxacillin, rifampin and ciprofloxacin was examined at two concentrations by the serum bactericidal rate (SBR) technique against 5 strains of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. The activity of oxacillin plus ciprofloxacin and oxacillin plus rifampin was also determined for 5 strains of staphylococci examining in vitro the SBR and the serum bactericidal activity (SBA). We simulated SBR and SBA in vitro using pooled human serum containing know concentrations of antimicrobial agents. The rate at which the antibiotics kill S. aureus did not rise by increasing the concentrations over the MBC. The oxacillin-ciprofloxacin combination was indifferent when tested by the rate of killing, whereas an antagonistic interaction was frequently observed with the oxacillin-rifampin combination. The SBA was determined by two methods: the technique of the Mayo Clinic that uses Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) as the diluent and the method of Stratton in which the diluent was prepared with MHB supplemented with Ca++ and Mg++ and combined with 50% pooled human serum. The activities of oxacillin and rifampin were decreased in the presence of human serum. These results were attributed to the high protein binding of these antibiotics. Rifampin in combination with oxacillin showed antagonism against S. aureus also by the SBA method. The inhibitory activity of drugs in combination remained substantially the same as the single more active one.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Monteluce, University of Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiorio
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Pasticci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baldelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pauluzzi
mesh_terms: D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010068:Oxacillin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012293:Rifampin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015610:Serum Bactericidal Test; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D010068:Oxacillin; D012293:Rifampin