title: Evaluation of acetylator phenotype, renal function and serum sulfadiazine levels in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis treated with cotrimazine (a combination of sulfadiazine and trimethoprim).
abstract: The authors evaluated the relationships among renal function, acetylator phenotype and serum sulfadiazine levels in 22 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis treated with 1 tablet of cotrimazine (a combination of 820 mg sulfadiazine and 180 mg trimethoprim) administered orally every 12 hours. Fifteen patients (68.18%) presented free sulfadiazine levels above 50 micrograms/ml, 6(27.28%) presented serum levels above 40 micrograms/ml, and 1(4.54%), levels lower than 40 micrograms/ml, this being the patient in which treatment failed. The highest free sulfadiazine levels were obtained in slow acetylator patients with reduced renal function. One patient with neuroparacoccidioidomycosis presented free sulfadiazine levels in cerebrospinal fluid corresponding to 55% of the serum levels. Finally, the authors consider cotrimazine to be an important therapeutic alternative for neuroparacoccidioidomycosis and conclude that administration every 12 hours can provide therapeutic sulfadiazine levels. They also suggest that when the sulfadiazine-trimethoprim combination is used, the therapeutic levels of sulfadiazine should be above 40 micrograms/ml.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Parasitologic Diseases, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barraviera
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Meira
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D004338:Drug Combinations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D010229:Paracoccidioidomycosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010641:Phenotype; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D000123:Acetyltransferases; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D014295:Trimethoprim; C024873:sulfadiazine, trimethoprim drug combination; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides