title: Integrity of the preimplantation pig blastocyst during expansion and loss of polar trophectoderm (Rauber cells) and the morphology of the embryoblast as an indicator for developmental stage.
abstract: The embryonic ectoderm of the pig differentiated and became part of the outer barrier of the blastocyst (earlier formed by the trophectoderm alone) before shedding of the overlying polar trophectoderm around Day 10, thus securing the integrity of the rapidly expanding blastocyst. Ferritin, added to the medium of the blastocyst, was taken up rapidly by trophectoderm cells, but did not reach the blastocoele, and consequently no tracer was found within hypoblast cells. Embryonic ectoderm cells did not absorb the macromolecule, before or after loss of the polar trophectoderm. When ferritin was injected into the blastocoele, trophectoderm, hypoblast and embryoblast cells all absorbed the tracer. At Day 11, blastocyst diameter and embryoblast cell number varied widely and were hardly correlated. We suggest that embryoblast development may be a more reliable indicator for the developmental stage of a blastocyst than its diameter, which may merely be an indication of the viability of the trophoblast.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural University, Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Barends
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Stroband
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taverne
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: te Kronnie
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Leën
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Blommers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002452:Cell Count; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D013552:Swine / Q000196:embryology*