title: The role of refractorinesss to long daylength in the annual reproductive cycle of the female Bennett's Wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus).
abstract: The beginning of the breeding season of the female Bennett's wallaby occurs when seasonal quiescence terminates 1-2 months after the summer solstice. In this study, the role of photoperiod in terminating seasonal quiescence was examined. One week before the summer solstice, five non-lactating wallabies were transferred from natural to artificial summer solstice daylength for 5 months. The beginning of the breeding season in these animals as indicated by births, matings, and peripheral progesterone profiles was not different from that of five control animals maintained on natural photoperiod. The following year, three animals were transferred from natural to summer solstice daylength on February 25 and were held on the artificial photoperiod until September 30. Changes in plasma progesterone concentrations indicative of the beginning of the breeding season occurred on June 12-30 (range), which was significantly (P less than 0.01) advanced by 29 days when compared with six control animals. These results indicate that the decrease in daylength that occurs after the summer solstice is not required to induce the termination of seasonal quiescence at the beginning of the breeding season. Further, the beginning of the breeding season can be advanced by transferring animals to long daylength early in seasonal quiescence. Photorefractoriness to long daylengths may therefore be important in the initiation of the breeding season in this species. In further experiments, groups of six animals were transferred from natural to artificial summer solstice daylength on September 26 and December 9 and pouch young were removed 7 days after the transfer. In September, reactivation of the quiescent corpus luteum followed soon after removal of pouch young (RPY) indicating that exposure to long daylength had not induced a transition into seasonal quiescence. In December, RPY was not followed by reactivation of the quiescent corpus luteum indicating that animals were in seasonal quiescence. These results suggest that the female Bennett's wallaby may need to experience a period of shortening days after the summer solstice before exposure to long days can again initiate seasonal quiescence.
authors.affiliation: M.R.C/A.F.R.C. Comparative Physiology Research Group, The Institute of Zoology, The Zoological Society of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Curlewis
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Loudon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D007614:Macropodidae / Q000502:physiology*; D008394:Marsupialia / Q000502:physiology*; D012098:Reproduction; D013997:Time Factors