Serum and effector-cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity remains high during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression.
The activity of both serum and effector cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1, HIV) was assessed in HIV-infected individuals. The goal was to relate ADCC levels with the stage or progression of HIV disease. Serial serum samples, usually collected at 6-month intervals, from individuals at defined stages of HIV disease (seroconversion, the HIV-seropositive period before AIDS, and around the time of clinical AIDS diagnosis) were tested. HIV-coated CEM tumor cells were used as targets. Effector-cell ADCC activity was evaluated using fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-infected individuals at different stages of HIV disease. Samples were obtained from male homosexual participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). In seroconverters, ADCC-inducing HIV-specific antibodies were detected at the time that the ELISA antibody test was first positive. Within several months, serum ADCC activity stabilized in each individual. In 29 HIV-seroprevalent individuals (HIV seropositive on their first visit), serum ADCC activity remained constant regardless of whether the individual's HIV disease was stable (high stable CD4; n = 9) or rapidly deteriorating (sharply declining CD4, n = 10; AIDS progressors, n = 10). With respect to effector-cell activity, PBMC from HIV-infected individuals with or without AIDS were capable of mediating ADCC with heterologous and usually with autologous sera. Although the level of NK cytotoxic activity and the level of antibody-armed effector cell activity have been reported to decline as disease progresses, our results support previous observations that ADCC effector-cell activity against antibody-coated targets does not decline in HIV infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ojo-Amaize
E
E
UCLA School of Public Health 90024.
Nishanian
P G
PG
Heitjan
D F
DF
Rezai
A
A
Esmail
I
I
Korns
E
E
Detels
R
R
Fahey
J
J
Giorgi
J V
JV
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology*; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic
D015483:HIV Antibodies