title: Muscarinic stimulation and antagonism and glucoregulation in nondiabetic and obese hyperglycemic mice.
abstract: Plasma glucose and insulin responses to a muscarinic agonist (bethanechol chloride) and a muscarinic antagonist (atropine) were evaluated in obese C57BL/6J ob/ob mice and in lean C57BL/6J + /? mice. In lean +/? mice, plasma glucose decreased in response to 1 and 2 micrograms/g bethanechol chloride, whereas insulin increased significantly. In ob/ob mice, insulin increased remarkably in response to bethanechol administration (saline, 632 +/- 80 microU/ml; 2 micrograms/g bethanechol chloride, 1794 +/- 97 microU/ml; n = 10), but surprisingly, plasma glucose also rose significantly (saline, 230 +/- 14 mg/dl; 2 micrograms/g bethanechol chloride, 363 +/- 18 mg/dl, n = 10). This exaggerated hyperglycemia in ob/ob mice was not associated with significant changes in plasma glucagon. Furthermore, administration of propranolol hydrochloride did not diminish bethanechol chloride-induced hyperglycemia in ob/ob mice. Administration of atropine (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg body wt) induced a significant decrease in plasma insulin without changes in plasma glucose in ob/ob mice, whereas neither plasma insulin nor plasma glucose changed in lean mice. Finally, conversion of [14C]alanine to glucose was increased in ob/ob mice after bethanechol chloride administration, indicating that muscarinic stimulation increases gluconeogenesis in an animal model of type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukudo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Virnelli
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Feinglos
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Surwit
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018723:Bethanechol; D001626:Bethanechol Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001626:Bethanechol Compounds; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D018723:Bethanechol; D001285:Atropine; D005934:Glucagon; D011433:Propranolol; D005947:Glucose