title: The effect of Ringer solution induced extracellular volume expansion on kidney function.
abstract: The present study quantitated the effects of extracellular volume expansion on sodium and water excretion in 118 anesthetized dogs. The animals received a priming injection of 10 ml kg-1 Ringer solution i.v. which was followed by a constant Ringer solution infusion at a rate of 0.25 ml.min-1.kg-1 until the end of the experiment. Fifteen minutes after the start of the constant infusion the renal parameters were examined in 11 subsequent 15 min periods (the total time was 3 hours). Volume expansion produced no significant change in arterial blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), plasma sodium and potassium concentration or, haematocrit, but did reduce the CPAH from 284 ml.min-1 to 218 ml.min-1 (the data were calculated for 100 gram wet kidney weight). There were constant significant increases in the urinary excretion rate from 0.84 ml.min-1 to 4.06 ml.min-1 and the 39% of the infused water was excreted during the experiment. Volume expansion also caused a significant increase in sodium excretion during the three first periods from 120 mumol.min-1 to 329 mumol.min-1 followed by a small but significant decrease. The sodium excretion at the end of the experiment was 221 mumol.min-1 and the 23% of the infused sodium was excreted in the course of the experiment. The increase of the water excretion during the volume expansion was associated with fall of the urine osmolality and the urine because hypoosmotic as compared to the plasma. We have provided evidence that vasopressin was not involved in the control of water excretion in our experiments. It is concluded that neither filtered sodium nor decreased aldosterone secretion can account for the increase in sodium excretion that occurs after Ringer solution loading in the dog. It has been proposed that a decrease in plasma protein concentration may decrease passive sodium reabsorption due to oncotic forces in the proximal tubule. The Ringer solution diuresis elicits a rise in medullary blood flow, thereby causing a washout of medullary sodium. This might dissipate the osmotic force for the back-diffusion of water from the collecting duct. Our studies indicate that the response of the diluting segments of the distal nephron to increased delivery of sodium depends upon the presence or absence of volume expansion. However the increase of the distal tubular loading activates the tubuloglomerular feedback which increases the proximal tubular reabsorption. Based on these assumptions our studies provide further evidence that the tubuloglomerular feedback regulates the blood pressure in the peritubular capillaries in the cortex around the proximal tubules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kövér
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tost
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darvasi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004231:Diuresis; D004285:Dogs; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009318:Natriuresis; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D014556:Urine; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D014667:Vasopressins; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D011188:Potassium