title: Physiological responses in rats fed extracts of endophyte-free and endophyte-infected tall fescue seed relative to some known ergot alkaloids.
abstract: Ethanol and ethanol-water extracts of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed were effective for extracting toxin(s) responsible for feed intake and average daily weight gain (ADG) depression in Sprague Dawley rats. Although the ethanol extract of endophyte-infected seed depressed serum prolactin (Prl) concentrations, the data were less reflective of overall toxicity than feed intake and weight gain. Inclusion of commercially available ergonovine maleate, ergocryptine and ergotamine tartrate had no effect on rat feed intake, ADG or serum Prl at the levels tested. Dietary addition of a recombination of hexane, ethanol and ethanol-water extracts caused a toxicity response (depressed feed intake, ADG, and serum Prl) equivalent to that of the whole seed. The toxic factor(s) were extracted primarily in more polar solvents such as ethanol and ethanol-water. Rat assays can be used successfully in lieu of cattle assays as a routine evaluation of toxic components in endophyte-infected tall fescue. However, species differences dictate that eventually all suspected toxins be evaluated in the bovine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0215.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hemken
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boling
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Zavos
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet; D004876:Ergot Alkaloids / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D011763:Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012639:Seeds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004876:Ergot Alkaloids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011763:Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids; D011388:Prolactin