The pain of burns: characteristics and correlates.
This study examined the characteristics of pain experienced by burned patients. Sources of inter-individual variations were also studied and the interrelationships between anxiety, depression, and pain were investigated. Forty-two adult patients hospitalized for burn injuries participated in the study. The McGill Pain Questionnaire and a visual analogue scale were employed to measure the pain experienced at rest and during therapeutic procedures. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed with the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and visual analogue scales. The results showed that the pain varies greatly from patient to patient and undergoes wide fluctuations over time in each patient. The greatest pain is usually experienced during therapeutic procedures, the patients reporting significantly more pain on these occasions than at rest. Variations in pain severity were not related to socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, the length of time elapsed since the injury, or the quantity of analgesics administered. The extent of the burns was a significant predictor of pain but only in the first week after the injury. High levels of anxiety or depression were not necessarily associated with higher pain scores during therapeutic procedures but the patients who were more anxious or depressed tended to report more pain when at rest. These results are discussed in relation to pain management strategies, with particular emphasis on the need for the analgesic therapy to be highly individualized and frequently adjusted.
Choinière
M
M
Burn Centre, Hôtel-Dieu of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Melzack
R
R
Rondeau
J
J
Girard
N
N
Paquin
M J
MJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety; D002056:Burns / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement
D000700:Analgesics