title: Direct determination of codeine-6-glucuronide in plasma and urine using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
abstract: A sensitive and selective method was developed for the direct determination of codeine-6-glucuronide in plasma and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. Codeine-6-glucuronide was synthesised and its purity estimated using acid and enzyme hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of codeine-6-glucuronide by beta-glucuronidase was incomplete and urine reduced the extent of hydrolysis. Codeine-6-glucuronide was recovered from plasma using a solid-phase extraction column and separated on a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column. The assay showed good reproducibility and accuracy (within 10%), and standard curves were linear between 32 and 1600 ng/ml in plasma and between 0.32 and 160 micrograms/ml in urine. The assay has been applied to the study of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of codeine in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, University of Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Z R
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bochner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Somogyi
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003061:Codeine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: C061773:codeine-6-glucuronide; D005966:Glucuronidase; D003061:Codeine