title: Comparison of x-radiation doses between conventional and rare earth panoramic radiographic techniques.
abstract: The radiation dose to radiobiologically critical organs at various anatomic sites in a phantom was compared with the use of rare earth screen/film combinations and calcium tungstate screen/film combinations. Rare earth screens and films produced a reduction in dose up to 40% to 50% depending on the anatomic site.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Skoczylas
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Preece
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Langlais
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: McDavid
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Waggener
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D005459:Fluorides; D006257:Head / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth; D008961:Models, Structural; D009333:Neck / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry / Q000295:instrumentation; D014414:Tungsten; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; D014963:X-Ray Intensifying Screens
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; C027651:lithium fluoride; C018858:calcium tungstate; D008094:Lithium; D005459:Fluorides; D014414:Tungsten