Immunity to Schistosoma mansoni in vivo: contradiction or clarification?
In recent years controversy and contradiction have hindered the elucidation of the immune effector mechanisms that are most effective against Schistosoma mansoni - an essential goal for the development of an effective vaccine. However, recent in-vivo studies have clarified the relative contributions of such mechanisms to protection. Here, Dario Vignali and colleagues summarize current evidence that suggests that both antibody and CD4+ T cells, in cooperation with macrophages, are crucial for the development of an effective response. In addition, a model is presented that may account for some of the discrepancies observed and which could be used as a basis for future research.
Vignali
D A
DA
Bickle
Q D
QD
Taylor
M G
MG
D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000276:immunology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014612:Vaccines
D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D014612:Vaccines; D003165:Complement System Proteins