title: Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the blood of infected persons.
abstract: We used end-point-dilution cultures to measure the level of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma of 54 infected patients who were not receiving antiviral chemotherapy. HIV-1 was recovered from the plasma and PBMC of every seropositive patient, but from none of 22 seronegative control subjects. The mean titers in plasma were 30, 3500, and 3200 tissue-culture-infective doses (TCID) per milliliter for patients with asymptomatic infection, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and the AIDS-related complex, respectively. In PBMC, the mean titers were significantly higher for symptomatic patients (AIDS, 2200, and AIDS-related complex, 2700 TCID per 10(6) PBMC) than asymptomatic patients (20 TCID per 10(6) PBMC). The values for the symptomatic patients were considered to indicate that at least 1 in 400 circulating mononuclear cells harbored HIV-1. The HIV-1 titers of seven patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex treated with zidovudine for four weeks decreased significantly in plasma but not in PBMC. In addition, the mean titer in the plasma of 20 patients receiving long-term zidovudine treatment (130 TCID per milliliter) was 25-fold lower than the mean for comparable untreated patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex. We conclude that the levels of HIV-1 in plasma and PBMC are much higher than previous estimates. This high degree of HIV-1 viremia raises the possibility that the direct cytopathic effect of this retrovirus alone may be sufficient to explain much of the pathogenesis of AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 90048.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moudgil
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alam
mesh_terms: D000386:AIDS-Related Complex / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D014766:Viremia / Q000382:microbiology; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015215:Zidovudine