title: Human islet amyloid polypeptide gene: complete nucleotide sequence, chromosomal localization, and evolutionary history.
abstract: The gene-encoding human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), a recently discovered 37 amino acid hormone-like polypeptide which is expressed in the insulin-producing beta-cells of the endocrine pancreas, has been isolated and characterized. The coding region of the gene is interrupted in the 5'-untranslated region and NH2-terminal propeptide by introns of 330 and 4808 base pairs (bp), respectively. Exon 1 (104 bp) encodes most of the 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA; exon 2 (95 bp) encodes 15 nucleotides of 5'-untranslated region, the putative 22 amino acid signal peptide and five residues of the NH2-terminal propeptide; exon 3 (1246 bp) encodes the remainder of the NH2-terminal propeptide (residues 6-9), the IAPP moiety and its processing signals and the 16 amino acid COOH-terminal propeptide, as well as the 3'-untranslated region of the mRNA (1059 bp). Analysis of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of intron 2 of the hIAPP gene did not reveal any homology with the structurally related calcitonin/calcitonin-gene-related peptide genes and indicated that, in contrast to these latter genes, the hIAPP gene apparently gives rise to only a single hormonal product. The transcriptional initiation site was identified about 28 bp downstream from a TATAA sequence. The hIAPP gene was localized to the p12.3 region of chromosome 12.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sanke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seino
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Eddy
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Byers
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Shows
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000682:Amyloid / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000235:genetics; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D005796:Genes; D006801:Humans; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000235:genetics; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide