title: Vaccine-containing biodegradable microspheres specifically enter the gut-associated lymphoid tissue following oral administration and induce a disseminated mucosal immune response.
abstract: Biodegradable and biocompatible microspheres have been investigated for their usefulness as a vaccine delivery system for both parenteral and enteral immunization. Microspheres composed of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) which contained a toxoid vaccine of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B were found to strongly potentiate the circulating anti-toxin antibody response following intraperitoneal injection. Following oral administration, microspheres less than 10 microns in diameter were specifically taken up into the Peyer's patches of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, where those greater than or equal to 5 microns remained fixed for an extended period. Microspheres less than 5 microns were disseminated within macrophages to the mesenteric lymph nodes, blood circulation and spleen. Oral immunization with enterotoxoid-containing microspheres induced circulating toxin-specific antibodies and a concurrent secretory IgA anti-toxin response in saliva, gut wash fluids and bronchial-alveolar wash (BAW) fluids. In contrast, soluble enterotoxoid was completely ineffective as an oral immunogen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Eldridge
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Meulbroek
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Staas
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Tice
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gilley
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008863:Microspheres; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D010316:Particle Size; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004768:Enterotoxins; D014612:Vaccines; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal