title: Low plasma vitamins E and C. Increased risk of angina in Scottish men.
abstract: Cross-cultural studies suggest that low plasma antioxidant levels contribute to the high incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Scotland. One hundred twenty-five cases of angina without reported history were identified by a postal WHO chest pain questionnaire from a systemic population sample of 6000 Edinburgh men (35-54 years). Classical CHD risk factors (lipids, blood pressure, smoking, and relative weight), plasma vitamins, and a new independent CHD risk factor, adipose tissue linoleate, were measured in angina (n = 125) and healthy controls (n = 430). Cigarette smoking was common in angina (46% vs. 29%, p less than 0.01), and adipose tissue linoleate was lower (8.77 +/- 0.18% vs. 9.81 +/- 0.14% (p less than 0.01). Classical CHD risk factors were not different. Vitamin E/cholesterol molar ratio (micron/mM) was lower in angina than in controls: 1.58 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.66 +/- 0.02 (p less than 0.01). Plasma vitamin C was also lower in angina than in controls: 23.6 +/- 1.7 vs. 30.5 +/- 1.1 microM (p less than 0.001). The relative risk of angina for those in the lowest versus those in the highest quintile of the vitamin E/cholesterol ratio distribution was 2.2:1, irrespective of other risk factors (p less than 0.009). Adipose tissue linoleate removed the association between vitamin E and angina. The relative risk of angina for those in the lowest versus those in the highest quintile of plasma vitamin C was 2.6:1 (p less than 0.01), and the increased risk was also independent of classical risk factors, but closely related to a smoking habit. Low plasma vitamin E or adipose linoleate predisposes to angina, and smoking may increase the risk of angina by lowering plasma vitamin C levels in Scottish men.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Riemersma
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Macintyre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elton
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Gey
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Oliver
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E; D001205:Ascorbic Acid