title: Formulations for immobilized pH gradients including pH extremes.
abstract: Formulations are given both for narrow (less than 2 pH units) and for wide range (up to 8 pH units) immobilized pH gradients, spanning between pH 2.5 and pH 11. The contribution from water to the buffering power (beta) at these pH extremes requires the recipes to be optimized (in terms of gradient linearity) for each desired level of beta av.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gianazza
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Celentano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magenes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ettori
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Righetti
mesh_terms: D002021:Buffers; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers