title: Ultrastructural findings in oral hyperpigmentation of HIV-infected patients.
abstract: Oral hyperpigmentation has been observed in six HIV-infected patients, in two of whom systemic medication (ketokonazole, clofazimine) was supposed to be etiologically involved. Histologically, pigment was found in epithelial basal cells and particularly in subepithelial connective tissue. Ultrastructurally, the presence of premature melanosomes in subepithelial keratinocytes was of interest. Stimulation of melanocytes during HIV infection may occur in association with immunopathologic changes in the oral mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Beijing Medical University, Haidian Weigongcun, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Langford
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gelderblom
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reichart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002610:Cheek; D002991:Clofazimine / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010159:Palate / Q000473:pathology; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D014060:Tongue Diseases / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002991:Clofazimine; D007654:Ketoconazole