title: Modulation of type I immediate and type IV delayed immunoreactivity using direct suggestion and guided imagery during hypnosis.
abstract: Cutaneous reactivity against histamine skin prick test (Type I) and purified tuberculin protein derivative (Mantoux reaction, Type IV) was studied in eight volunteers under hypnosis. Types I and IV immunoreactivity were modulated by direct suggestion (Type I) and guided imagery (Type IV). The volunteers were highly susceptible subjects, selected by means of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A. When the volunteers underwent hypnotic suggestion to decrease the cutaneous reaction to histamine prick test, a significant (P less than 0.02) reduction of the flare reaction (area of erythema) was observed compared with control histamine skin prick tests. The wheal reaction did not respond to hypnotic suggestion. Neither wheal nor flare reaction could be increased in size by hypnotic suggestion compared with control histamine skin prick tests. A hypnotic suggestion of increasing the Type IV reaction on one arm and decreasing the reaction on the other revealed a significant difference in both erythema size (P less than 0.02) and palpable induration (P less than 0.01). In two cases the reactions were monitored by laser doppler blood flowmetry and skin thickness measurement by ultrasound. The difference between the suggested increased and decreased reaction was 19% for the laser doppler bloodflow (in favor of the augmented side), and 44% for the dermal infiltrate thickness. This study objectively supports the numerous uncontrolled case reports of modulation of immunoreactivity in allergic diseases involving both Type I and Type IV skin reactions following hypnotic suggestions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Aarhus, Risskov, Denmark.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zachariae
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bjerring
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arendt-Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006990:Hypnosis / Q000379:methods*; D007092:Imagination; D008297:Male; D012882:Skin Tests; D013404:Suggestion; D014374:Tuberculin Test