title: Patellofemoral problems after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
abstract: Between 1982 and 1986, 126 patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction were followed in a prospective manner. One year follow-up statistics were reviewed for the presence of 13 different complications. The most prevalent complications were quadriceps weakness, flexion contracture, and patellofemoral pain. Quadriceps weakness (strength less than 80% of the normal side) was present in 65% of patients and correlated positively with flexion contracture, patellar irritabibilty, and ACL reconstructions using patellar tendon grafts. Flexion contracture of 5 degrees or more was present in 24% of patients and correlated positively with increased age and patellar irritability. Patellofemoral pain was present in 19% of patients and correlated positively with flexion contracture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three most common complications of knee ligament surgery are shown to be strongly interrelated. It is likely that a causal relationship is present in which flexion contracture causes patellofemoral irritability, and that both of these factors, alone or in combination, result in quadriceps weakness. If this theory is correct, then it is crucial that postoperative rehabilitation programs place a major emphasis on the avoidance of flexion contracture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Garfein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003286:Contracture / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010329:Patella; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies