title: Life threatening re-expansion hypotension and pulmonary oedema following treatment of a pneumothorax.
abstract: A 27-year old man was admitted with a right-sided pneumothorax of 2-3 weeks duration. A chest tube was inserted and connected to an underwater seal drainage system without the application of external suction. Three hours later, the patient developed unilateral re-expansion pulmonary oedema and severe hypotension. Active management consisted of ventilating the patient with the addition of PEEP, and the administration of liberal amounts of fluids, including plasma and gelatin solution. The mechanism of re-expansion pulmonary oedema is different from that of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, and the treatment consequently different. The cause of the hypotension may be due to hypovolaemia, from rapid pooling of fluid within the thorax, pre-existing volume depletion and myocardial depression. One must specially be aware of this possible complication when the pneumothorax is large and of more than 3 days, and it is to be stressed that suction should never initially be used in the treatment of a pneumothorax.
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chew
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015505:Chest Tubes / Q000009:adverse effects; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology*; D007440:Intubation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000209:etiology*