title: Reference ranges for hematologic and serum biochemical values in llamas (Lama glama).
abstract: Hematologic and serum biochemical values were determined in 174 llamas of all age groups and both sexes from ranches in California and Nevada. Compared with hematologic values for horses and cattle, llama erythrocytes were more numerous (10.1 to 17.3 x 10(6)/microliters), but the PCV was lower (25 to 45%) because the smaller elliptical cells pack tighter. The mean corpuscular volume was half that of horses and cattle (22 to 29.5 fl). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was higher (38.9 to 46.2 g/dl), and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin slightly lower (9.6 to 12.6 pg). Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle and horses, with the exception of triiodothyronine (48 to 468 ng/dl) and thyroxin (9.8 to 30 micrograms/dl), which are up to 10 times higher than values for other domestic species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zinkl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000097:blood*; D001188:Artiodactyla / Q000097:blood*; D002161:Camelids, New World / Q000097:blood*; D004906:Erythrocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D004911:Erythrocyte Volume; D004912:Erythrocytes; D005260:Female; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins