title: Golden proportion for maxillofacial surgery in Orientals.
abstract: The facial position and balance of eyes, nose, and mouth in typical Japanese individuals were investigated, based on the golden proportion for each of these relationships. We found that Japanese tend to have a longer upper lip and shorter chin length compared with Caucasians. We believe that this tendency represents a general facial characteristic of the Oriental population. Each ratio obtained from determinations by our method was used for preoperative and postoperative aesthetic analysis in maxillofacial surgery. This method is considered useful because it permitted us to understand quantitatively the positional relationship and the balance of eyes, nose, and mouth in the face and to make comparisons with typical subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koubayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D044466:Asian People; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D015903:Moire Topography; D011378:Prognathism / Q000601:surgery*; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods*