title: Additional toxic, bitter saponins from the seeds of Chenopodium quinoa.
abstract: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an important Native American food grain. Prior to consumption, the seeds must be washed with H2O to remove bitterness and improve nutritive value. From the warm-H2O extract of quinoa seeds from Mexico, saponins 1-4 were isolated by monitoring the fractionation with brine shrimp lethality and a taste test for bitterness. By chemical, spectral, and enzymatic methods, 1-4 were identified as glycosides of oleanolic acid. Saponin 4, 3-O-[(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)(1----3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-6-O -methyl ester]-oleanolic acid, is a new natural compound.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Heinstein
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012503:Saponins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013649:Taste; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D012503:Saponins; D014118:Toxins, Biological