title: Boys with hypospadias: a survey of behavioral difficulties.
abstract: Studied behavior problems and gender-role behavior of psychiatrically unselected boys (N = 69; ages 6-10 years) with mild or severe hypospadias, a genital anomaly. Parents completed standardized questionnaires in a postal survey. Subjects showed more behavior problems and lower social competency than nonclinical subjects but were better adjusted than a psychiatric-clinical control group. More severe anomalies were associated with increased behavior problems and poorer school performance. Boys with hypospadias had more cross-gender behavior which, however, was not associated with severity of the condition. Surgery-related hospitalizations were correlated with poorer school performance and increased cross-gender behavior. A history of hypospadias did not appear to have a lasting negative impact on the family.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Meyer-Bahlburg
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Aranoff
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sconzo
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Hensle
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D005783:Gender Identity; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D012917:Social Adjustment