title: In vivo and in vitro regional differential sensitivity of neuropathy target esterase to di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate.
abstract: Organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP) is initiated by inhibition/aging of more than 70-75% of neuropathy target esterase (NTE). Di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DBDCVP) (1 mg/kg s.c.) inhibited 96%, 86% and 83% of NTE in brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve, respectively, and induced a typical central peripheral distal axonopathy in hens. A lower dose (0.45 mg/kg s.c.) caused 90%, 83% and 54% NTE inhibition in the same organs; by contrast, hens developed a spastic ataxia with axonal degeneration in spinal cord but not in peripheral nerve. With a dose of 0.2 mg/kg s.c., a suprathreshold inhibition of NTE was produced in brain (78%) but not in spinal cord (56%) and peripheral nerve (33%) and no morphological or clinical signs of neuropathy developed in hens. With doses up to 4.0 mg/kg s.c., acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition was similar throughout the nervous system. In vitro time-course inhibition studies showed a different sensitivity to DBDCVP of NTE from peripheral nerve (ka = 5.4 x 10(6)) relative to that from spinal cord (ka = 13.9 x 10(6)) or brain (ka = 20.6 x 10(6)). In vitro I50s of DBDCVP for AChE were similar in brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve (11-17 nM). These data support the hypothesis that the critical target for initiation of OPIDP is located in the nerve fiber, possibly in the axon and also suggest that peripheral nerve NTE has a different sensitivity to DBDCVP than the brain enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro dell'Università di Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moretto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lotti
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Spencer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002645:Chickens; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D004006:Dichlorvos / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000201:enzymology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; C053753:di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate; D004006:Dichlorvos; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C021859:neurotoxic esterase