title: Trypanosoma vivax: disseminated intravascular coagulation in cattle.
abstract: Five crossbred cattle infected with Trypanosoma vivax (Likoni) by Glossina morsitans developed capillary haemorrhages at the onset of parasitaemia, followed by the presence of occult blood in faecal samples and eventually melena. Two animals required treatment to survive, on days 13 and 38 respectively. The other three animals cleared their parasitaemias without treatment. Packed cell volume (PCV) levels decreased in all animals to levels ranging from 7.5 to 17%. Relapse in a treated animal initiated marked haemorrhage and a loss of 14 PCV units during a six-day period. Thrombocytopenia was common to all animals, and thrombocytes decreased to levels of 4000/microliters of blood. All animals developed increased levels of fibrinogen and fibrin monomer. Prolonged prothrombin times were found in all animals, and activated partial thromboplastin times were also extended in the two animals with high parasitaemias.
authors.affiliation: Walter Reed Project, Veterinary Research Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Kabete, Kenya.
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Wellde
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Chumo
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Onyango
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Reardon
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Njogu
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Opiyo
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000662:veterinary; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time / Q000662:veterinary; D010976:Platelet Count / Q000662:veterinary; D011517:Prothrombin Time / Q000662:veterinary; D011693:Purpura / Q000662:veterinary; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D014354:Trypanosomiasis, Bovine / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D014370:Tsetse Flies
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products