title: Stability and mutual conversion of enamel apatite and brushite at 20 degrees C as a function of pH of the aqueous phase.
abstract: By calculation, apatite is more soluble than brushite at low pH and less soluble at high pH. Apatite, therefore should be able to transform spontaneously to brushite at low pH and brushite to apatite at high pH. The aim was to describe this mutual conversion as related to the aqueous phase composition. Powdered enamel, brushite or 1:1 mixtures of the two salts were suspended in distilled water for up to 12 weeks at 20 degrees C, pH was adjusted to 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 by drops of perchloric acid or potassium hydroxide. The calcium and the phosphate concentrations and pH were determined, and the nature of the calcium phosphate powder was examined by X-ray diffraction. At pH 8 and above, brushite was invariably converted to apatite, whilst it was transformed to octacalcium phosphate at pH 7. In the pH range 6-4 brushite was not converted to apatite and enamel apatite was not transformed to brushite spontaneously within 2 months. In the enamel apatite suspensions, the apatite ion product altered with pH, which explained why apatite did not transform to brushite at pH 5-4. At pH 3.7, however, the enamel apatite was converted to brushite. No transformation of apatite to brushite was identified in apatite-brushite mixtures at pH 6-4. Supplementary experiments showed that ethanol, used as an agent for removal of water, salted out the water-free dicalcium phosphate, monetite.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Pathology and Operative Dentistry, Royal Dental College, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003747:Dental Enamel Solubility; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D012995:Solubility; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C021767:whitlockite; C494366:calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate