title: Culicoides: biological vectors of Akabane virus.
abstract: Akabane virus replicated in Culicoides nubeculosus and Culicoides variipennis after intrathoracic inoculation and was maintained in both species of midge for at least 9 days post-infection. The virus also replicated to high concentration in C. variipennis after oral infection and was transmitted through a membrane by this species of midge 7-10 days after infection. The experiments described in this paper provided the first definitive evidence that Culicoides spp. are able to act as fully competent vectors of Akabane virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Pathology, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Gt. Britain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Mellor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002043:Bunyaviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D002519:Ceratopogonidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000382:microbiology*; D012840:Simbu virus / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication