title: Inhibitory effects of calcium channel blockers on intestinal motility in the dog.
abstract: Calcium channel blockers are now widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. However, data concerning their effects on intestinal motility in vivo are still rather fragmentary. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of three prototype calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem) on intestinal motility in five fasting, conscious dogs fitted with electrodes and strain-gauges along the small bowel. The myoelectric data were analyzed by a recently developed and validated computer program which allows accurate monitoring of intestinal spike activity. The mechanical data were analyzed by calculating a motility index. After recording of at least two migrating motor complexes (control), an i.v. infusion of one of the following calcium channel blockers was maintained for 3 h: 0.29 or 0.87 mumol/kg per h nifedipine, 1.02 or 2.04 mumol/kg per h verapamil and 1.11 or 2.22 mumol/kg per h diltiazem. Nifedipine 0.29 mumol/kg per h significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) spike activity and motility index during phases II and III without disrupting migrating motor complex cycling. The higher dose suppressed migrating motor complex cycling and almost completely abolished both spike and mechanical activities. The two doses of verapamil had effects similar to those of the two doses of nifedipine. Both doses of diltiazem significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) spike activity and motility index during phases II and III without disrupting migrating motor complex cycling. We conclude that all the agents tested, apart from their well known cardiovascular effects, also have a profound inhibitory effect on intestinal motility in vivo, the order of potency being nifedipine greater than verapamil greater than diltiazem. The search for more selective calcium channel blockers for the treatment of intestinal motor disorders with minimal cardiovascular effects is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Ponti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Frigo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crema
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012984:Software; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014700:Verapamil; D004110:Diltiazem; D009543:Nifedipine