title: Cardiovascular effects of vasopressors in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs before and after hemorrhage.
abstract: Exogenously administered vasopressors (sympathomimetics) were evaluated in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs to determine the effects of these drugs on cardiovascular function before and after hemorrhage. Six dogs were anesthetized with thiamylal sodium (20 mg/kg of body weight) and isoflurane (1.25 minimal alveolar concentration) in 100% oxygen. After instrumentation, cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure, heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and an index of cardiac contractility (dP/dT) were measured. Stroke volume, cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), rate-pressure product, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. Epinephrine (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) and dobutamine (1, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) were infused. Methoxamine was given in a bolus of 0.22 mg/kg, IV. All measurements were taken at 2.5 minutes after infusion, and were repeated after removal of 40% of the estimated blood volume. Before hemorrhage, administration of high doses of dobutamine and medium and high doses of epinephrine were equally effective at increasing CI and SI. The dP/dT was increased to the greatest degree by administration of high doses of dobutamine. Administration of the low dose of dobutamine increased dP/dT, whereas administration of the low dose of epinephrine increased CI, HR, and SI, and decreased SVR. The HR and SVR were not increased by administration of any dose of dobutamine or of the medium and high doses of epinephrine. However, methoxamine increased SVR and decreased HR. Methoxamine decreased CI, SI, and dP/dT, but increased systemic arterial pressure to the same degree as that attributed to administration of high doses of dobutamine and epinephrine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bednarski
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Majors
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007530:Isoflurane; D008297:Male; D008729:Methoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D013566:Sympathomimetics; D004280:Dobutamine; D007530:Isoflurane; D008729:Methoxamine; D004837:Epinephrine