title: [Inhibition of neutrophil function by solvent of injectable sedatives--effects of propylene glycol, ethanol and benzyl alcohol].
abstract: Propylene glycol, ethanol and benzyl alcohol are usually included in the injection solutions of diazepam, flunitrazepam and others as solvents and/or pain relief agents. It was reported that diazepam and flunitrazepam inhibited oxidative burst of human neutrophils to produce O2-, H2O2 and other active oxygen species. However, the present study revealed that the solvents had far more potent inhibitory effects in this regard than diazepam and flunitrazepam themselves. The solvents reversibly inhibited phagocytosis and O2- production by neutrophils, and they were stimulated by both soluble stimulants, phorbol myristate acetate or laurate, and a particulate stimulant, serum opsonized zymosan, in a dose-dependent manner. Benzyl alcohol, which had the most potent effect among the solvents, appeared to inhibit the O2- generating enzyme NADPH oxidase directly, rather than by affecting intracellular calcium mobilization. Thus one should keep in mind such unexpected effects of the solvents included in solutions for injection.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morisaki
mesh_terms: D019905:Benzyl Alcohol; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001593:Benzyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005445:Flunitrazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D001593:Benzyl Compounds; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D005445:Flunitrazepam; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D019905:Benzyl Alcohol; D003975:Diazepam; D010100:Oxygen