title: Low current electrostimulation produces naloxone-reversible analgesia in rats.
abstract: A new form of transcranial electrostimulation (TE) has been shown to induce analgesia in rats, as measured by the wet tail flick test. Charge-balanced rectangular current pulses of very low amplitude were delivered bilaterally into low impedance regions of the rat pinnae. The resultant analgesia was studied as a function of systematic variations in stimulus frequency, amplitude and duration. The optimal current for inducing analgesia was found to be 10 microA, well below the startle threshold, and several orders of magnitude below effective stimulus current levels required for other treatment modalities. The optimal stimulation duration was 30 min, during which time a slow onset of analgesia was noted. Significant analgesia persisted for at least 200 min after stimulation ended, and no evidence was found of tolerance developing in the course of 5 daily stimulation sessions. Consistent with findings for other forms of electrostimulation, the analgesic effect of TE was abolished by subcutaneous injection of 3 mg/kg naloxone, suggesting that the mechanism of TE analgesia has an endogenous opioid component.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Skolnick
authors.forename: O B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Collard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hudson-Howard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hymel
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Malin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004723:Endorphins / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation
chemical_list: D004723:Endorphins; D009270:Naloxone