title: The quality mammographic image. A review of its components.
abstract: Seven major factors resulting in a quality or high contrast and high resolution mammographic image have been discussed. The following is a summary of their key features: 1) Dedicated mammographic equipment. --Molybdenum target material --Molybdenum filter, beryllium window --Low kVp usage, in range of 24 to 30 --Routine contact mammography performed at 25 kVp --Slightly lower kVp for coned compression --Slightly higher kVp for microfocus magnification 2) Film density --Phototimer with adjustable position --Calibration of phototimer to optimal optical density of approx. 1.4 over full kVp range 3) Breast Compression --General and focal (coned compression). --Essential to achieve proper contrast, resolution and breast immobility. --Foot controls preferable. 4) Focal Spot. --Size recommendation for contact work 0.3 mm. --Minimum power output of 100 mA at 25 kVp desirable to avoid movement blurring in contact grid work. --Size recommendation for magnification work 0.1 mm. 5) Grid. --Usage recommended as routine in all but magnification work. 6) Film-screen Combination. --High contrast--high speed film. --High resolution screen. --Specifically designed cassette for close film-screen contact and low radiation absorption. --Use of faster screens for magnification techniques. 7) Dedicated processing. --Increased developing time--40 to 45 seconds. --Increased developer temperature--35 to 38 degrees. --Adjusted replenishment rate and dryer temperature. All seven factors contributing to image contrast and resolution affect radiation dosage to the breast. The risk of increased dosage associated with the use of various techniques needs to be balanced against the risks of incorrect diagnosis associated with their non-use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rickard
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014963:X-Ray Intensifying Screens