Canal preparation using two mechanical handpieces: distortions, ledging, and potential solutions.
Two mechanical handpieces, the Giromatic and the Kerr M-4, were used to prepare curved canals in plastic blocks. The canals prepared with the Giromatic were generally better than those using the M-4. Both systems produced ledges and other canal distortions. This paper will describe methods to minimize ledge production.
Ianno
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Weine
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D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*