title: Evaluation of a superactivated charcoal paste and detergent and water in prevention of T-2 toxin-induced local cutaneous effects in topically exposed swine.
abstract: T-2 toxin (6 mg) dissolved in 90% DMSO was topically applied to nine 9-cm2 sites on the dorsum of each of nine young, crossbred, specific pathogen-free, female pigs, 20.6 +/- 1.9 kg in weight. A superactive charcoal paste (SAC) and/or a soap-and-water wash (SOAP) was applied to eight of the T-2-exposed sites on each animal. These treatments were applied at various times postexposure ranging from 5 to 65 min. The site that received T-2 alone served as a positive control. DMSO was applied to a tenth site on each pig as a negative control. Animals were killed 1, 3, or 6 days after treatment. Skin lesions were examined and graded grossly and histologically. No adverse systemic clinical signs were observed in any of the animals. Marked reddening and slight swelling of the T-2 toxin-treated positive control sites were present throughout the study. Ulceration of this site was first noted on Day 3. All therapeutic regimens effectively reduced lesion severity resulting from T-2 toxin application. Significant differences in relative effectiveness were also seen between treatments. In each significant pair, the ordering of mean lesion severity was SAC/SOAP less than SAC or SOAP and SOAP less than SAC. As a single treatment, SOAP appears to be more effective than SAC in reducing lesion severity. These results failed to provide unequivocal evidence of an additive therapeutic effect when SAC and SOAP were used sequentially on the same site.
authors.affiliation: Illinois Animal Poison Information Center, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Urbana.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Biehl
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Haschek
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schaeffer
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D002606:Charcoal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007509:Irritants; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D007509:Irritants; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D002606:Charcoal; D013605:T-2 Toxin