title: Pharmacokinetics of single-dose administration of moxalactam in unweaned calves.
abstract: Twenty-nine healthy 17- to 29-day-old unweaned Israeli-Friesian male calves were each given a single IV or IM injection of 10 or 20 mg of moxalactam disodium/kg of body weight. Serum concentrations were measured serially during a 12-hour period. Serum concentration vs time profiles were analyzed by use of linear least-squares regression analysis and the statistical moment theory. The elimination half-lives after IV administration were 143.7 +/- 30.2 minutes and 155.5 +/- 10.5 minutes (harmonic mean +/- SD) at dosages of 10 and 20 mg of moxalactam/kg of body weight, respectively. Corresponding mean residence time values were 153.1 +/- 26.8 minutes and 169.9 +/- 19.3 minutes (arithmetic mean +/- SD). Mean residence time values after IM administration were 200.4 +/- 17.5 minutes and 198.4 +/- 19.9 minutes at dosages of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The volumes of distribution at steady state were 0.285 +/- 0.073 L/kg and 0.313 +/- 0.020 L/kg and total body clearance values were 1.96 +/- 0.69 ml/min/kg and 1.86 +/- 0.18 ml/min/kg after administration of dosages of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Moxalactam was rapidly absorbed from the IM injection site and peak serum concentrations occurred at 1 hour. The estimated bioavailability ranged from 69.8 to 79.1%. The amount of serum protein binding was 53.4, 55.0, and 61.5% when a concentration of moxalactam was at 50, 10, and 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of moxalactam ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 micrograms/ml against Salmonella and Escherichia coli strains and from 0.005 to 6.25 micrograms/ml against Pasteurella multocida strains.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Agriculture, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soback
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D001682:Biological Availability; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009070:Moxalactam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010325:Pasteurella / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D009070:Moxalactam