title: Ethical dilemmas of neonatal--perinatal surgery.
abstract: This article reviews historical developments and ethical problems, including quality of life determinations, surrogate decision making, informed consent, and medical uncertainty. Procedural aspects of ethical decision making and a framework for resolving ethical dilemmas are described, and case examples are provided.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rostain
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Bhutani
mesh_terms: D030881:Disclosure; D026689:Ethical Analysis; D028741:Ethics Committees, Clinical; D028744:Ethics Committees, Research; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000601:surgery; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009359:Neonatology; D033282:Parental Consent; D018579:Patient Selection; D010500:Perinatology; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement; D035501:Uncertainty; D026712:Value of Life; D028761:Withholding Treatment