title: Interleukin-1 production and action in thyroid tissue.
abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on human thyroid epithelial cells (thyrocytes) and whether thyrocytes produce IL-1. The supernatants of cultured peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into thyrocytes from normal subjects and patients with Grave's disease. The IL-1 levels of cultured supernatants of monocytes were measured by a thymocyte costimulation assay and a solid phase sandwich immunoenzymometric assay. The supernatants of monocyte cultures stimulated with LPS contained significant amounts of IL-1 bioactivity and IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta immunoactivity. Recombinant IL-1 beta (rIL-1 beta) also stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into thyrocytes from normal subjects and patients with Graves' disease, and it increased the proportion of thyrocytes in the S phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, thyrocytes stimulated with rIL-1 beta for 24 h produced significant amounts of prostaglandin E2. Indomethacin inhibited completely the rIL-1 beta-stimulated prostaglandin E2 production and increased markedly [3H]thymidine incorporation. IL-1-like activity also was detected in the cultured supernatants of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated thyrocytes from Graves' and normal thyroid glands, but the amount of IL-1-like activity secreted by thyrocytes was significantly less than that secreted by circulating monocytes. The kinetics of the release of IL-1-like activity by thyrocytes were similar to those of its production by circulating monocytes. Pretreatment of thyrocytes with interferon-gamma failed to enhance the release of IL-1-like activity. Moreover, IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta immunoreactivity could not be detected in the supernatants of LPS-stimulated thyrocytes, despite the presence of IL-1-like bioactivity. No IL-1 alpha mRNA was detected in unstimulated thyrocytes or thyrocytes stimulated with LPS and phorbol myristate acid. These findings demonstrate that thyrocytes produce an IL-1-like substance(s), but not IL-1, when stimulated by LPS. We conclude that IL-1 may regulate the proliferation of thyrocytes and that local production of IL-1 by infiltrating monocytes may contribute to the development of goiter in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mine
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otsubo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tezuka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Migita
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000502:physiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015232:Dinoprostone; D013936:Thymidine; D007213:Indomethacin