title: Pain assessment and management in infants.
abstract: A review of infant pain assessment and management is presented. Included are physiological (cardiovascular and hormonal) and behavioral (facial expression and cry analysis) approaches to measurement. Management of pain in infants includes pharmacological (namely opiate) approaches and nonpharmacological techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Montreal Children's Hospital, Que., Canada.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology