title: Biochemical mechanisms in colon xenografts: thymidylate synthase as a target for therapy.
abstract: Growth of human adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum in immunoincompetent mice has allowed for a greater understanding of the interaction of 5-fluorouracil, its metabolism, and mechanism(s) of cytotoxicity under conditions of tumor growth in situ. Conversely, this agent has proven to be a useful tool in defining metabolic characteristics in human colon adenocarcinomas. Analysis of tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (FUra),5-fluorouridine (FUrd) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) suggests that growth inhibition in vivo is related to a DNA-directed event. Resistance, de novo appears to be a consequence of relatively transient inhibition of the target enzyme thymidylate synthase (dTMP-synthase), which may be a consequence of low concentrations of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (CH2-H4PteGlu) or its polyglutamate forms within tumor cells in situ. In order to study the relationship between inhibition of dTMP-synthase and growth inhibition, mutant cells deficient in their ability to salvage dThd have been selected, and grown as xenografts. Data suggest that transient inhibition of dTMP-synthase and not dThd salvage is responsible for resistance de novo, and that prolonged inhibition of dTMP-synthase would be a lethal event in vivo. This would predict that a cell lacking dTMP-synthase activity would not be tumorigenic. This has been tested directly by selecting clones of GC3 colon adenocarcinoma cells deficient in dTMP-synthase (TS-) activity. Preliminary data indicate that each of 3 TS- clones is tumorigenic in athymic nude mice. The importance of dTMP-synthase as a target for drug development is discussed with respect to these findings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemical and Clinical Pharmacology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38101.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hazelton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radparvar
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; D005472:Fluorouracil