title: On the antiquity of treponemal infection.
abstract: Documentation of the treponemal etiology of reactive bone formation in a pleistocene bear supports unprecedented antiquity of treponemal bone infections. The spectrum and implications of osseous treponemal disease in the New and Old World are reviewed in light of past perspectives and contemporary investigative techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, St. Elizabeth Hospital Medical Centre/Northeast Ohio University College of Medicine, Youngstown 44501-1790.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Rothschild
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049668:History, 15th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D013587:Syphilis / Q000266:history*; D001503:Ursidae; D015001:Yaws / Q000266:history*