title: The deadly quartet. Upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension.
abstract: The contribution of obesity to cardiovascular risk has not been adequately appreciated because of a failure to recognize the involvement of upper-body predominance of body weight with hypertension, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia even in the absence of significant overall obesity. This article examines the evidence that upper-body obesity, as usually induced by caloric excess in the presence of androgens, mediates these problems by way of hyperinsulinemia. Because of these interrelationships, there is a need to identify and prevent upper-body obesity or, failing that, to provide therapies that will control the associated problems without aggravating hyperinsulinemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9030.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000150:complications*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin