title: Developmental kyphoscoliosis in a foal.
abstract: The clinical, radiological and anatomical changes in a yearling foal with kyphoscoliosis are described. The lesion was due to a primary malformation of the eleventh, twelfth, fourteenth and fifteenth thoracic vertebral bodies resulting in hemivertebrae. Secondary changes occurred in the laminae, pedicles, spinous and articular processes of the affected vertebrae and the adjacent vertebrae. The possible pathogenesis and differential diagnosis are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kirberger
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology