title: Effects of swimming exercise at two different water temperature on hepatic lipid and lipoprotein levels in experimental fatty liver rats.
abstract: The present study was aimed at demonstrating the effects of exercising in water at two different temperatures on lipid-lipoprotein metabolism in experimental fatty liver rats. The rats were fed a high fat, high cholesterol (CHL) diet for 6 weeks, then returned to standard chow. The fatty liver rats were then divided at random into three groups, two for swimming in 20 degrees C (20SWG) and 30 degrees C (30SWG) water, 5 days/week, 30 min/day for 6 weeks, and a sedentary control group (SG). The concentrations of serum triglyceride (TG) and CHL were significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in both the 20SWG and 30SWG than in the SG. The serum concentration of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-CHL was clearly less in the 20SWG than in the SG (p less than 0.05) or the 30SWG (p less than 0.01). Compared to the SG, the two swimming groups had significantly lower levels (p less than 0.01) of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-CHL. The LDL-CHL in the 30SWG was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than that in the 20SWG. There were no significant differences among the three groups in high density lipoprotein (HDL)/CHL. However, the ratio of HDL to CHL was over 10% greater in the two swimming groups than in the SG. Hepatic CHL ester and TG were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in the 20SWG than in the SG. These results indicate that swimming in water at the lower temperature was more stimulating to lipid-lipoprotein metabolism in fatty liver than swimming in the higher temperature water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology 3, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujise
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013550:Swimming; D013696:Temperature; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D014867:Water; D002784:Cholesterol