title: Activation of HIV gene expression during monocyte differentiation by induction of NF-kappa B.
abstract: The latent period of AIDS is influenced by factors which activate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in different cell types. Although monocytic cells may provide a reservoir for virus production in vivo, their regulation of HIV transcription has not been defined. We now report that HIV gene expression in the monocyte lineage is regulated by NF-kappa B, the same transcription factor known to stimulate the HIV enhancer in activated T cells; however, control of NF-kappa B and HIV in monocytes differs from that observed in T cells. NF-kappa B-binding activity appears during the transition from promonocyte to monocyte in U937 cells induced to differentiate in vitro and is present constitutively in mature monocytes and macrophages. In a chronically infected promonocytic cell, U1, differentiation is associated with HIV-1 replication as well as NF-kappa B binding activity. These findings suggest that NF-kappa B binding activity is developmentally regulated in the monocyte lineage, and that it provides one signal for HIV activation in these cells.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor 48109.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Folks
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunkel
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Nabel
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics*; D007938:Leukemia; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D010957:Plasmids; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate