title: Functional characteristics (EEG) of the thalamo-telencephalic projections of toads.
abstract: Electrical or chemical (carbachol) stimulation of the dorsal thalamus of anesthetized and conscious toads induced synchronization (increased number of spindles and increased amplitude of the waves) in the electric tracing (EEG) of the telencephalon. This alteration was accompanied by mydriasis and greater behavioral alert in conscious animals. No recruitment response was observed in anesthetized toads. The present findings were compared to those obtained by stimulating the nonspecific thalamus of mammals and reptiles. Even though the data available at present do not demonstrate the existence of a system with the morphological characteristics of the reticulo-thalamo-cortical system of mammals in anurans, the functional data presented here suggest this possibility.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Menescal-de-Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002025:Bufonidae; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000502:physiology*; D013788:Thalamus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002217:Carbachol