title: A differentiated approach to testing skin sensitization. Proposal for a new test guideline skin sensitization.
abstract: The present EEC and OECD Guidelines for testing skin sensitization have been reviewed in light of scientific evidence demonstrating that those methods which use Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) are likely to be more accurate in predicting a probable skin-sensitizing effect of a new substance in humans than those methods not employing Freund's Complete Adjuvant. In this new test guideline, therefore, the primary testing of a substance should be carried out using one of the recommended Adjuvant methods. In special cases a non-adjuvant method may be performed in addition. Not all of the seven methods in the EEC Guideline or eight methods in the OECD Guideline have been included, but in a proposal for an updated test protocol two Adjuvant tests (Maximization test by Magnusson and Kligman and Optimization test by Maurer), and two non-Adjuvant tests (Open Epicutaneous test by Klecak and Buehler test) are suggested. The criteria for selecting these methods are based on the fact that they are well validated and widely used on a broad basis by the scientific community. Furthermore, it is considered appropriate to permit the use of a lower number of animals than presently recommended for the testing of skin sensitization. This is also in agreement with aspects of animal welfare.
authors.affiliation: Max von Pettenkofer-Institute of the Federal Health Office, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schlede
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Potokar
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roll
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kayser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D005620:Freund's Adjuvant