title: Use of smokeless tobacco in a group of professional baseball players.
abstract: This paper describes the smokeless tobacco use practices and oral health problems of members of a minor league professional baseball team. Seventeen of 25 ball-players reported current use of smokeless tobacco. Gingival recession and lesions in the oral mucosa were more common in smokeless tobacco users than nonusers. Reported use of smokeless tobacco was greater during baseball season than in the off-season. Of the 19 current and past users, 15 reported first using smokeless tobacco after entering professional baseball. To discourage the use of smokeless tobacco by professional athletes, teams should stop accepting free samples and do a better job educating players about health consequences associated with use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Control and Epidemiology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Michalek
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Carl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Haley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001484:Baseball; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000209:etiology*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D009518:New York; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless