title: Complex facial trauma: the evolving role of rigid fixation and immediate bone graft reconstruction.
abstract: The problem of high velocity facial injuries with multiple facial fractures concerns the severity of the bony injury. Attempts at closed reduction of the large comminuted segments common to these fractures result in eventual bony collapse and soft tissue shrinkage. The solution to these problems lies in the early exposure of all fracture segments and their repair using internal fixation techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gruss
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D001864:Bone Wires; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000601:surgery*