title: The needle glucose electrode: in vitro performance and optimisation for implantation.
abstract: The classical glucose needle electrode based on detection of H2O2 from glucose oxidase has been studied. Dip-coating of a series of outer polyurethane layers of increasing concentration (10-50% W/V) achieved devices with extended linearity (greater than or equal to 30 mM glucose) with greater reliability than a single dip-coat. In vitro performance in unstirred whole blood was acceptable, and all devices were stir-independent. Nevertheless, signal size was affected by a high solution viscosity, and this may have implications for the use of enzyme electrodes in subcutaneous tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vadgama
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spoors
authors.forename: L X
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Battersby
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002138:Calibration; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009339:Needles; D011140:Polyurethanes; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011140:Polyurethanes; D005949:Glucose Oxidase