title: Human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzymes involved in the bioactivation of procarcinogens detected by umu gene response in Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535/pSK1002.
abstract: A total of 57 procarcinogens was examined for induction of umu gene response in the chimeric plasmid pSK1002, carried in Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535, after incubation with a series of human liver microsomal preparations which had been selected on the basis of characteristic levels of individual cytochrome P-450 (P-450) enzymes. The 18 most active compounds were selected and further analyzed using the umu gene response and correlative studies with a larger number of microsomal preparations, enzyme reconstitution studies involving purified enzymes, immunochemical inhibition, and patterns of stimulation and inhibition of catalytic activity by 7,8-benzoflavone. The results collectively indicate that 16 of these 18 most potent genotoxins examined are activated primarily either by P-450NF (the nifedipine oxidase) or P-450PA (the phenacetin O-deethylase). P-450NF appears to be the major enzyme involved in the bioactivation of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin G1, sterigmatocystin, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene, 6-aminochrysene, and tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate in human liver. P-450PA appears to be the major enzyme involved in the bioactivation of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-3,5-dimethylimidazo[4, 5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, 2-aminoanthracene, 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole, 2-aminofluorene, 2-acetylaminofluorene, 4-aminobiphenyl, 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b] indole, and 2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole. More than one enzyme appears to contribute significantly to the bioactivation of the other two compounds examined, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b] indole and 6-nitrochrysene. The literature suggests that the two human liver P-450s involved in activation of these 16 procarcinogens are highly inducible by barbiturates, macrolide antibodies, and certain steroids (P-450NF) and by smoking and ingestion of charcoal-containing food (P-450PA); noninvasive assays are available to monitor the function of both P-450NF and P-450PA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Guengerich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A