title: Inhalation hazards from airborne particulates evaluated by in vitro cyto- and genotoxicity testing: a long-term study over a period of 14 years (1975-1988) from a highly industrialized area.
abstract: 26 samples of airborne particulates collected between 1975 and 1988 in the highly industrialized Rhine-Ruhr region were analyzed for cytotoxic and genotoxic activity. Samples were extracted by organic solvents and quantitatively transferred to dimethyl sulfoxide for tissue culture experiments. Cytotoxicity testing of samples revealed a dose related loss of cell viability of mouse and human macrophages as well as an impairment of phagocytosis. We observed a reduction of "plating efficiency" of rodent and human lung cell lines induced by extracts. In the presence of extracts we found an inhibition of DNA synthesis, alterations of cell cycle progression and diminished cell growth of rodent, primate and human tissue culture cells. Genotoxic potency of extracts caused dose dependently an induction of "sister chromatid exchanges" in human lymphocyte cultures, Chinese hamster cell line V 79 and human type II pneumocytes of line A 549. Furthermore, we observed by extracts "chromosomal aberrations" in human lymphocyte cultures and a strong "enhancement" of malignant cell transformation of SV40-infected Syrian hamster kidney cells.
authors.affiliation: Medizinisches Institut für Umwelthygiene, Universität, Düsseldorf, FRG.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Seemayer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hadnagy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Behrendt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tomingas
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008647:Mesocricetus; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D003603:Cytotoxins; D004247:DNA; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide