title: Diagnosing urinary incontinence in adults.
abstract: Urinary incontinence is a health problem for people of all ages and especially for the elderly. Urinary incontinence accounts for 3 to 8 percent of the total costs of nursing home care. This article focuses on the clinical picture in urinary incontinence and includes guidelines for the incontinence history, the physical examination, the psychological assessment and diagnostic studies. It serves as a useful guide for health care providers involved in diagnosing urinary incontinence.
authors.affiliation: Howard University College of Nursing, Washington, D.C.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ruff
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Reaves
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010808:Physical Examination; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology