title: Bedtime insulin for suppression of overnight free-fatty acid, blood glucose, and glucose production in NIDDM.
abstract: We studied the clinical effectiveness and mechanism underlying the glucose-lowering effect of evening insulin therapy. Nocturnal profiles of blood glucose, plasma free fatty acid (FFA), glycerol, and lactate and overnight glucose kinetics [( 3-3H] glucose infusion) were measured in 15 non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients with a relative body weight of 128 +/-4% who were poorly controlled with oral therapy alone. The patients were studied before and 2 wk and 3 mo after bedtime insulin (23 +/- 3 IU) was given in addition to oral therapy. An early-morning rise in blood glucose (greater than 31 mg/dl = 1.5 mM) was present in two-thirds of the patients and was associated with an overnight rise in plasma FFA and an increase in glucose production (Ra) during the early-morning hours (change 0.42 +/- 0.10 mg.kg-1.min-1, P less than .05, between 0300 and 0800). The overnight mean levels of blood glucose, plasma FFA, and serum insulin averaged 212 +/- 9 vs. 137 +/- 11 vs. 133 +/- 11 mg/dl (P less than .001), 674 +/- 61 vs. 491 +/- 57 vs. 484 +/- 36 microM (P less than 0.01) and 12.7 +/- 1.6 vs. 18.1 +/- 2.2 vs. 20.7 +/- 2.4 microU/L (P less than .01) before and 2 wk and 3 mo after the combination therapy. The decrements in overnight glucose and FFA levels after 2 wk of bedtime insulin therapy were closely correlated (r = .86, (P less than .001). The nocturnal profile of plasma lactate was similar before and during bedtime insulin therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Taskinen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sane
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Helve
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Karonen
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nikkilä
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yki-Järvinen
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000097:blood; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D013006:Growth Hormone; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose; D005990:Glycerol; D006854:Hydrocortisone