The effects of smoking on the mood, cardiovascular and adrenergic reactivity of heavy and light smokers in a non-stressful environment.
Following a period of overnight deprivation, 58 smokers participated in a 90-min laboratory assessment in which they viewed a non-stressful movie and smoked two 0.5-mg nicotine-containing cigarettes. The first cigarette was given to all subjects following 25 min of adaptation and baseline. The next cigarette was provided at their request, which occurred 9-12 min later. "Heavy" and "light" smokers were grouped according to their average morning cotinine values, which fell above or below 250 ng/ml, respectively. The results showed that, relative to their baseline, heavy and light smokers experienced about the same level of post-smoking change in blood nicotine, heart rate and blood pressure. However, heavy smokers showed a significantly greater delta from baseline in post-smoking measures of epinephrine, norepinephrine, tension reduction and increase in vigor enhancement. A strong and consistent correlation was observed between post-smoking increases in epinephrine, tension reduction and increased vigor.
Cinciripini
P M
PM
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550.
Benedict
C E
CE
Van Vunakis
H
H
Mace
R
R
Lapitsky
L
L
Kitchens
K
K
Nezami
E
E
Gjika
H B
HB
D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology*; D012931:Social Environment
D009538:Nicotine; D003367:Cotinine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine