title: Functional appliances: a review.
abstract: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the scientific studies that describe the effects of functional appliances on the dentofacial structures in the treatment of Class II malocclusions. The review is limited to two appliances: the activator and the functional regulator.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bishara
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Ziaja
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D009968:Orthodontic Appliances, Removable