title: Hypocalcification and hypoplasia in permanent teeth of children from different ethnic groups in South Africa assessed with a new index.
abstract: A new descriptive index, the HHI (hypocalcification-hypoplasia index), is described for comparing enamel defects in groups of people. The index was used in a study completed in 1986, in which 1251 11-year-old children from different ethnic groups resident in South Africa were examined: 210 rural black, 203 urban black, 206 urban colored, 426 urban Indian, and 206 urban white. The index can be used as a screening examination, and the results from these different ethnic groups are presented.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Cleaton-Jones
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D003753:Dental Health Surveys; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012424:Rural Population; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D014074:Tooth Calcification; D014505:Urban Population