title: Nursing's divided loyalties: an historical case study.
abstract: Using the historical version of the case study method, this research explored an example of turn-of-the-century nurses' conflicted loyalties. One training school alumnae association was examined to demonstrate that nurses acted out simultaneous loyalty to competing entities: individual graduates attributes vs. associational eligibility requirements; member vs. institutions' needs; and local vs. national nursing concerns. As a result of these divided loyalties, the nurses did not meet the alumnae organizational goals they set for themselves.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Baer
mesh_terms: D004471:Economics, Nursing / Q000266:history; D006676:History of Nursing; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006761:Hospitals / Q000266:history; D011057:Politics / Q000266:history; D012579:Schools, Nursing / Q000266:history; D012956:Societies, Nursing / Q000266:history; D014481:United States