title: Primary nephrotic syndrome in Arab children in Kuwait.
abstract: Fifty-five Arab children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) were seen at two regional hospitals in Kuwait over a 5-year period. There were 35 boys and 20 girls with a mean age of 5.3 years. The annual incidence was 7.2 and 6.0 per 100,000 children below 10 and 12 years of age, respectively. An initial response to steroids was noted in 84% with almost 50% responding within 1 week of therapy. Nine patients did not respond to steroids; histopathological classification of their renal biopsies showed 5 cases of membranoproliferative nephritis, 3 cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and 1 case of membranous nephropathy. Microscopic haematuria was noted at presentation in 7 of 46 steroid responders, in all 5 patients with membranoproliferative disease and in 1 of 3 with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. We conclude that the incidence of PNS seems to be higher among Arab children than in Western countries. With regard to initial biochemical abnormalities, steroid response and subsequent relapses, the pattern is the same as elsewhere.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Helin
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Manandhar
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Khalil
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D015432:Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative / Q000188:drug therapy; D015433:Glomerulonephritis, Membranous / Q000188:drug therapy; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007730:Kuwait / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013256:Steroids