title: CDP-choline for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a small negative series.
abstract: Based on the cholinergic-deficiency hypothesis of tardive dyskinesia (TD), we administered cytidine diphosphoryl choline (CDP-Choline) (a naturally occurring biochemical intermediary in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine), 500 mg twice a day orally, to four women and one man with TD for 2 to 8 weeks in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Although the small sample size provides only limited power to detect a treatment effect, there was no evidence of efficacy, adverse effects, or changes in psychopathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gelenberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojcik
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bellinghausen
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Joseph
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002794:Choline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline; D002794:Choline