title: Activation of calcium entry by the tumor promoter thapsigargin in parotid acinar cells. Evidence that an intracellular calcium pool and not an inositol phosphate regulates calcium fluxes at the plasma membrane.
abstract: The depletion of an inositol 1, 4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ pool has been proposed to be the signal for Ca2+ entry in agonist-activated cells. Consistent with this idea, thapsigargin, which releases intracellular Ca2+ without inositol phosphate formation, has been reported to activate Ca2+ entry in certain cells. We now report the effects of thapsigargin on Ca2+ entry in parotid acinar cells. In fura-2-loaded parotid acinar cells, thapsigargin caused a sustained elevation of [Ca2+], but did not increase inositol phosphate formation. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, the increase in [Ca2+], was transient, suggesting that thapsigargin activates both the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and the entry of Ca2+ from the extracellular space. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, pretreatment with methacholine, an agonist believed to mobilize Ca2+ through the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, inhibited but did not completely block the response to thapsigargin; likewise, pretreatment with thapsigargin inhibited the response to methacholine. In permeabilized cells, thapsigargin gradually released Ca2+, whereas inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate caused a rapid and transient discharge of Ca2+. The simultaneous addition of thapsigargin with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate evoked a maximum Ca2+ release similar to that for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate alone, but the reuptake seen with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate alone was abolished. In intact cells, methacholine and thapsigargin together produced a greater initial release of Ca2+ than either alone, but they were not additive in the sustained phase of Ca2+ mobilization. These results demonstrate that the mechanisms for activation of Ca2+ entry by thapsigargin and methacholine are the same and are consistent with the idea that entry is initiated by the depletion of the intracellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ pool. The results also indicate that, in contrast to previously proposed models, Ca2+ entry into agonist-activated cells occurs directly across the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm rather than through a cycle of uptake and release by the intracellular Ca2+ pool.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Thastrup
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Putney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004987:Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015759:Ionomycin; D007700:Kinetics; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D008688:Methacholine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013403:Sugar Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019284:Thapsigargin
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004987:Ethers; D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D008688:Methacholine Compounds; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013403:Sugar Phosphates; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D007294:Inositol; D015759:Ionomycin; D019284:Thapsigargin; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D002118:Calcium