title: Immune response to vaccination.
abstract: Effective immune responses requires a synchronization of a number of different physiological and immunological events. Effective vaccines simulate natural invasion of the body by microbes or parasites. The route of administration of vaccines contributes to the effectiveness of preventing or controlling local or systemic infections. Immune responses to microbial agents usually involve more than one mechanism. For instance, toxins may be neutralized by a single antibody, while cellular interactions are required for destruction of more complex microorganisms. These systems have been illustrated in this review.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis.
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Osburn
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology*; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D010273:Parasitic Diseases, Animal; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines