title: Ultrasonic studies of gall-bladder stones.
abstract: Measurements of ultrasonic speed, attenuation and other derived physical properties of gallstones, in vitro, have been evaluated and reported. A double-probe-contact through-transmission technique was used; the average values of ultrasonic speed and attenuation were found to be 1897 m s-1 and 10.2 dB cm-1, respectively, at 2.5 MHz (the value of speed thus being about 25% higher than that in water or soft biological tissues). The object of the present study was to determine the characteristics of stones to permit the optimization of a disintegrator design.
authors.affiliation: National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D001663:Bilirubin / Q000032:analysis; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000032:analysis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D055585:Physical Phenomena; D010825:Physics; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D001663:Bilirubin