title: [Pharmacologic, surgical and infiltration of botulin toxin treatment in blepharospasm].
abstract: The response to different therapeutic methods was evaluated in a series of 264 patients with blepharospasm. The most effective drug therapy were anticholinergic agents, which resulted in the initial improvement of symptoms in 20% of treated patients. There was improvement in isolated cases treated with levodopa, dopaminergic agonists, neuroleptics, benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants. Bilateral avulsion of the facial nerve was carried out in 29 patients; 27 of these (93%) improved. Spasms relapsed in 22 cases, after a mean period of 12 months. Myectomy of the orbicular muscle was performed in 8 patients. In only 2 cases some improvement was obtained. One hundred and fifty-one patients were treated with infiltrations of botulinum toxin A in the orbicular muscle. 78% of cases improved. The mean duration of the benefit of each injection was 9.2 weeks. The most common secondary effects were local (ptosis, diplopia) and transient.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grandas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elston
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Marsden
mesh_terms: D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins
vernacular_title: Tratamiento farmacológico, quirúrigico e infiltraciones de toxina botulínica en el blefarospasmo.