Nail changes secondary to environmental influences.
Environmental medicine is a dynamic medical specialty that integrates medicine, mathematics, biology, and engineering. In this article an overview of how environmental agents affect the nail is presented. In addition, the three major routes of exposure (inhalation, dermal, and gastrointestinal) to environmental agents are discussed. Selected physical, chemical, and pharmaceutical agents and their effect on the nail structure are presented in the text.
Positano
R G
RG
Division of Community Medicine, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York.
DeLauro
T M
TM
Berkowitz
B J
BJ
D006801:Humans; D009260:Nail Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009264:Nails, Malformed / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D012307:Risk Factors