title: The use of inotropic agents in acute and chronic congestive heart failure.
abstract: This article reviews our current understanding of the physiology of myocardial contraction; recent research into its mechanical, macromolecular, and biochemical foundations; and its role in the clinical syndromes of congestive heart failure. This review serves as a background for discussing the mechanism of action and pharmacology of currently available and experimental inotropic agents. The clinical applications of these drugs are discussed and the successes and failures of the pharmacologic approach to patients with congestive heart failure analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hypertension, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kostis
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Frishman
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004071:Digitalis Glycosides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D002395:Catecholamines; D004071:Digitalis Glycosides; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors