title: Effects of music and imagery on physiologic and self-report of analogued labor pain.
abstract: Two studies were conducted to examine the effects of music on analogued labor pain using volunteer nulliparous subjects who were randomly assigned to treatment groups (n = 10 per group). Assessments of the treatments were made in a 1-hour session involving twenty 80-second exposures to a laboratory pain stimulus patterned to resemble labor contractions. In the first experiment, it was hypothesized that subjects listening to easy-listening music would report lower pain ratings and cardiovascular responses than subjects listening to rock music, self-selected music, or a dissertation (placebo-attention) and subjects in a no-treatment control group. No significant group effects were found; significant time effects were found for heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Subjects spontaneously reported using imagery as a pain reduction technique. In the second study a combination of music and imagery was examined by randomly assigning subjects to one of five groups: self-generated imagery with music (SIM), guided imagery with music (GIM), self-generated imagery without music (SI), guided imagery without music (GI), or no-treatment control. Again, no significant group effects were obtained. Significant time effects were obtained for heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Missouri--Columbia.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Geden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lower
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beattie
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000502:physiology*; D009146:Music; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012064:Relaxation Therapy