title: Isolated visual hallucinations and the Charles Bonnet syndrome: a review of the literature and presentation of six cases.
abstract: Vivid visual hallucinations without other psychopathology have been reported for several hundred years. However, there is no consensus on whether these hallucinations should be considered a separate syndrome, the Charles Bonnet syndrome, or whether eye disease or brain disease is a necessary or exclusionary criterion for diagnosing this syndrome. In an attempt to resolve these issues, this article reviews the literature on isolated visual hallucinations and presents follow-up data from six cases. Criteria for diagnosing the Charles Bonnet syndrome are suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Rabins
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology; D003702:Delusions / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000009:adverse effects; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D013577:Syndrome; D013999:Timolol / Q000009:adverse effects; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D014796:Visual Perception
chemical_list: D010862:Pilocarpine; D013999:Timolol