title: The pharmacokinetics of chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides: a literature review.
abstract: The chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides (CPAHs) appear to have similar pharmacokinetics. They are rapidly and almost completely absorbed from an oral dose. They distribute to other tissues and are highly protein-bound in the plasma. The CPAHs are rapidly eliminated unchanged in the urine by an active process in the kidneys. Increasing doses apparently influence absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination of the CPAHs so that biological effects are increased. Combinations of CPAHs are likely to result in additive or potentiated biological effects. Data suggest that CPAH toxicosis may be alleviated by treatment with fluids and bicarbonate to increase urinary pH and volume, thereby increasing excretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Beasley
mesh_terms: D015085:2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D003996:Dicamba / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006540:Herbicides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D011485:Protein Binding; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; C008340:mecoprop; D015085:2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; C009264:fenoprop; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D003996:Dicamba