title: Molecular mechanism in the formation of a human ring chromosome 21.
abstract: We have characterized the structural rearrangements of a chromosome 21 that led to the de novo formation of a human ring chromosome 21 [r(21)]. Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of the DNA regions flanking the ring junction provide evidence for a long arm to long arm fusion in formation of the r(21). In addition, the centromere and proximal long arm region of a maternal chromosome 21 are duplicated in the r(21). Therefore, the mechanism in formation of the r(21) was complex involving two sequential chromosomal rearrangements. (i) Duplication of the centromere and long arm of one maternal chromosome 21 occurred forming a rearranged intermediate. (ii) Chromosomal breaks in both the proximal and telomeric long arm regions on opposite arms of this rearranged chromosome occurred with subsequent reunion producing the r(21).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kazazian
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stetten
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Earnshaw
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Van Keuren
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Antonarakis
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000032:analysis / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D015342:DNA Probes; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000032:analysis / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000032:analysis / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012303:Ring Chromosomes; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D004247:DNA