Role of cytokines and platelet-activating factor in microvascular immune injury.
Inflammation is usually a tightly controlled process which confines tissue damage, prevents infection, and assists in cellular regeneration. However, if the inflammatory response becomes unregulated, this normally beneficial local event may escalate into a wider malignant activity, characterized by endothelial injury, excessive cell infiltration, and vascular leakage. Due to the ability of platelet-activating factor and tumor necrosis factor to elicit the release of each other, 'prime' cell responses, and influence the activity of other cytokines, we propose that these two mediators play a pivotal role in the formation of deleterious feedback cycles leading to the above endothelial damage which may underlie pathologies such as shock, sepsis, ischemia, and asthma. Platelet-activating factor antagonists such as BN 52021 inhibit the priming and other effects induced by platelet-activating factor and thus may be of therapeutic value in such conditions.
Braquet
P
P
Institut Henri-Beaufour, Le-Plessis-Robinson, France.
Hosford
D
D
Braquet
M
M
Bourgain
R
R
Bussolino
F
F
D000818:Animals; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000502:physiology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000503:physiopathology*
D001685:Biological Factors; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha