Activation of HIV gene expression during monocyte differentiation by induction of NF-kappa B.
The latent period of AIDS is influenced by factors which activate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in different cell types. Although monocytic cells may provide a reservoir for virus production in vivo, their regulation of HIV transcription has not been defined. We now report that HIV gene expression in the monocyte lineage is regulated by NF-kappa B, the same transcription factor known to stimulate the HIV enhancer in activated T cells; however, control of NF-kappa B and HIV in monocytes differs from that observed in T cells. NF-kappa B-binding activity appears during the transition from promonocyte to monocyte in U937 cells induced to differentiate in vitro and is present constitutively in mature monocytes and macrophages. In a chronically infected promonocytic cell, U1, differentiation is associated with HIV-1 replication as well as NF-kappa B binding activity. These findings suggest that NF-kappa B binding activity is developmentally regulated in the monocyte lineage, and that it provides one signal for HIV activation in these cells.
Griffin
G E
GE
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor 48109.
Leung
K
K
Folks
T M
TM
Kunkel
S
S
Nabel
G J
GJ
D002454:Cell Differentiation; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics*; D007938:Leukemia; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D010957:Plasmids; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
D004279:DNA, Viral; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate