title: Correcting misconceptions about oral contraceptives.
abstract: Although the majority of American women believe that oral contraceptives can cause serious health problems such as cancer or heart disease, the scientific literature does not support these beliefs. Oral contraceptives actually protect against endometrial and ovarian cancer. The increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in oral contraceptive users, including myocardial infarction, appears to be caused by thrombosis and not atherosclerosis. The studies suggesting an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in oral contraceptive users were published in the late 1970s and therefore used a data base of women ingesting formulations containing 50 micrograms of estrogen or more. More recently published data involving healthy women taking mainly lower estrogen dose preparations suggest that there is no increased incidence of myocardial infarction or stroke. Nearly all published studies indicate that there is no increased risk of myocardial infarction in former users of oral contraceptives. Animal data actually suggest that oral contraceptives may have a protective effect against atherosclerosis, even in the presence of lowered high-density lipoprotein levels. The low-dose triphasic and monophasic formulations are effective, safe methods of contraception that can be used by most healthy women of reproductive age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mishell
mesh_terms: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008660:Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D011372:Progestins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011639:Public Opinion; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D004967:Estrogens; D011372:Progestins