title: Long-term use of antecubital veins for plasma exchange. The Canadian Cooperative Multiple Sclerosis Study Group.
abstract: True or sham plasma exchange was done weekly for 20 weeks in patients in two of the randomization groups in a prospective, blind clinical trial of experimental treatments for multiple sclerosis. Because patients could be randomized to receive sham plasma exchange and placebo medications, it was decided when the trial was designed that the use of fistulae, arteriovenous shunts, venous cutdowns, or other aggressive forms of venous access would not be permitted for any patient. Accordingly, patients judged to have inadequate superficial antecubital veins were ineligible for the trial. To date, only 13 (4.4%) of 294 patients considered for entry into the trial have been rejected on these grounds. In only 4 of the 93 patients undergoing exchange was it necessary to discontinue plasma exchange because of inadequate venous access. In 79.3 percent of the 1207 exchanges done in these patients, there were no problems of any kind with venous access. In 5.4 percent of these 1207 exchanges, it was necessary to terminate the procedure prematurely because of difficulties with patients' veins. Thus, the great majority of patients free of serious systemic illness (other than chronic progressive multiple sclerosis) can undergo weekly plasma exchange for up to 20 weeks using superficial antecubital veins without the need to resort to more invasive methods of venous access.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Noseworthy
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shumak
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Vandervoort
mesh_terms: D001815:Bloodletting / Q000009:adverse effects; D002170:Canada; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000628:therapy*; D010951:Plasma Exchange / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors