title: The actions and role of calcium entry blockers in hypertension: cardiac considerations.
abstract: The calcium antagonists, although initially restricted to the treatment of angina pectoris, are now finding widespread application as safe and effective therapy for hypertension. These drugs reduce systemic vascular resistance and thus address the usual primary physiologic defect in high blood pressure. Reduction of blood pressure with these agents appears to lead to the concomitant reduction of hypertension-induced ventricular hypertrophy and improvement of ventricular function. Unlike other vasodilators, calcium antagonists do not secondarily lead to sodium retention or stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathoadrenal systems. They are effective in the treatment of angina pectoris and may inhibit the onset or progression of atherosclerosis. As calcium antagonists primarily block voltage-operated, as opposed to receptor-operated, sarcolemmal calcium channels, they may be rationally and effectively combined with agents such as converting enzyme inhibitors and adrenergic antagonists. Calcium antagonists have important interactions with drugs relevant to the treatment of cardiac disease. The combination of verapamil and beta blockers or disopyramide and diltiazem with amiodarone should be avoided; caution is advised in the concomitant use of calcium antagonists and digoxin or the major antiarrhythmic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sole
mesh_terms: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers