title: A digital annular array prototype scanner for realtime ultrasound imaging.
abstract: The use of annular array transducers in diagnostic ultrasound applications is growing. The development of this equipment raises a number of questions concerning both the role these systems will play in the clinic and how the annular array can be best implemented in an ultrasound scanner. In this paper, we will build on the results of the previous companion paper to describe the development of a 12 element 30 mm diameter 4.5 MHz laboratory prototype scanner. The mechanical probe and probe acoustics are discussed and a unique digital receive beamformer (DRB) and signal processor are described. Focusing down to an f-number (focal length/diameter) of 0.9 is demonstrated. Measured angular beamwidths of 0.62 degrees at -6 dB and 2.8 degrees at -50 dB are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Images of phantoms and normal volunteers showed exceptional resolution with little variation in the fine speckle texture as a function of depth. The effect of the number of transmit focal zones on image quality is demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Hewlett Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94304.
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pittaro
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Corl
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Greenstein
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lum
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008961:Models, Structural; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014159:Transducers; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation*