title: Recombinant human erythropoietin in anemic patients with end-stage renal disease. Results of a phase III multicenter clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness and safety of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hemodialysis patients (333) with uncomplicated anemia (hematocrit less than 0.30). All received rHuEpo intravenously, three times per week at 300 or 150 U/kg body weight, which was then reduced to 75 U/kg and adjusted to maintain the hematocrit at 0.35 +/- 0.03 (SD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline hematocrit (0.223 +/- 0.002) increased to 0.35, more than 0.06 over baseline within 12 weeks in 97.4% of patients. Erythrocyte transfusions (1030 within the 6 months before rHuEpo therapy) were eliminated in all patients within 2 months of therapy. Sixty-eight patients with iron overload had a 39% reduction in serum ferritin levels after 6 months of therapy. The median maintenance dose of rHuEpo was 75 U/kg, three times per week (range, 12.5 to 525 U/kg). Nonresponders had complicating causes for anemia, myelofibrosis, osteitis fibrosa, osteomyelitis, and acute or chronic blood loss. Adverse effects included myalgias, 5%; iron deficiency, 43%; increased blood pressure, 35%; and seizures, 5.4%. The creatinine, potassium, and phosphate levels increased slightly but significantly. The platelet count increased slightly but there was no increase in clotting of vascular accesses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anemia of hemodialysis patients is corrected by rHuEpo resulting in the elimination of transfusions, reduction in iron overload, and improved quality of life. Iron stores and blood pressure must be monitored and treated to maintain the effectiveness of rHuEpo and to minimize the threat of hypertensive encephalopathy.
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama, Birmingham.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Eschbach
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Abdulhadi
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Delano
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Downing
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Egrie
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Graber
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Haley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin