title: Mutagenicity assay with Salmonella typhimurium revealing biotransformation of antiphytoviral substances by cell-free plant extract.
abstract: The mutagenic activity of four antiphytoviral substances was tested in reversion mutagenicity assays with a set of histidine auxotrophic strains of Salmonella typhimurium by means of the preincubation method. A possible metabolic activation of the substances by cell free fractions from maize seedlings (S-14-fraction) and for comparison from mouse liver (S-9 mix) was examined. None of the guanidine, phenyl urea and thiadiazole compounds exerted mutagenic activity in the bacterial strains in experiments without metabolic activation. Cyanoguanidine and N-phenyl-N-carboxyphenylurea became mutagenic for Salmonella strain TA98 after metabolic activation by the S-14 plant fraction. Both substances were not mutagenic in the presence of S-9 mix made from mouse liver. The promutagen cyclophosphamide proved highly mutagenic in experiments with S-14 mediated plant metabolic activation. This kind of bacterial mutagenicity assay is valuable in investigations of potential agrochemicals, as the examples have shown.
authors.affiliation: Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig, Wissenschaftsbereich Pflanzenphysiologie und Mikrobiologie, DDR.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: el-Tarras
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stenz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schuster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D001711:Biotransformation; D008110:Liver Extracts / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism*; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000187:drug effects; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D008110:Liver Extracts; D010936:Plant Extracts