title: Historical evolution of disease mapping in general and specifically of cancer mapping.
abstract: The presentation of areal data in epidemiology is illustrated by such mapping techniques as dots (spots), shading (choropleth, thematic) and isolines (isopleths). Examples are also given of computer-assisted cartography (computer graphics) which employs hardware and software components of digital computers, together with the use of geographical and demographic base maps.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Great Britain.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Howe
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004813:Epidemiology / Q000266:history*; D005843:Geography; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*