title: Sonographic detection of fluid in the cul-de-sac in children--a normal finding?
abstract: Fluid in the cul-de-sac was found in 6.7% of ultrasound examinations of the abdomen and pelvis in children aged one day to 20 years. The amount was graded as minimal (+), moderate (++), or abundant ( ). Excluding teenage girls and those clinical situations in which free intraperitoneal fluid was expected (48 children) or could be explained by clinical circumstances (71 children), there remained a group of 65 children in whom no explanation of the usually minimal amount of fluid in the cul-de-sac could be found. A small amount of such fluid is a normal finding in 1.5% to 2% of children of both genders. Follow-up examinations in 16 patients found to have minimal incidental fluid in the pelvis showed repeat findings only in two; in the others no free fluid was demonstrated. A moderate amount of incidental free fluid was not associated with any morbidity: two of seven having a follow-up examination were normal. A large amount of free pelvic fluid, even when found incidentally, should not be considered as normal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Quebec.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jequier
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rousseau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001826:Body Fluids; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010388:Pelvis / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000473:pathology