title: Penile vascular system of the dog. An injection-corrosion and histological study.
abstract: The vascular architecture of the dog penis was studied by resin casts and histological preparations. Morphological evidence was found for penile engorgement. The crus and the bulb were compressed by the ischiocavernosus and the bulbospongiosus muscles, respectively, indicating that these muscles act as a booster pump. The distal part of the bulb was also strangulated by the external anal sphincter, indicating that this muscle prevents blood in the corpus spongiosum penis from going back into the bulb. The common trunk of the dorsal vein of the penis was significantly occluded by the ischiourethralis muscle. The internal pudendal vein was also throttled by the levator ani, the coccygeus, and the internal obturator muscles. The extremely narrow diameter of each vein draining the erectile body was insufficient to drain the increased blood flow and, therefore, formed a sluice channel. It is inferred that these muscle activities and sluice channels facilitate the erection of the penis.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Niizuma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006652:Histological Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply*; D012117:Resins, Synthetic
chemical_list: D012117:Resins, Synthetic