title: Santayana's warning unheeded: the parallels of syphilis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
abstract: The recent social and scientific confrontations with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) echo those of syphilis 100 years ago. Various historical parallels and outright recurrences in politics and medical ethics, in the courts and in the laboratory, are presented to show the failure of government and other social institutions to recognize the precedents and apply the lessons of history effectively in meeting the challenge of AIDS. Equivocating politicians, social intolerance, the insurance industry, and a medically ignorant public are considered the chief problems in combating AIDS rather than the temporary deficiencies in scientific knowledge. An active, instituted role for historians in policy decisions and public education is urged.
authors.affiliation: Elie Metchnikoff Memorial Library, Oakland, California.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bibel
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D013587:Syphilis / Q000517:prevention & control*