title: Motor blockade and EMG recordings in epidural anaesthesia. A comparison between mepivacaine 2%, bupivacaine 0.5% and etidocaine 1.5%.
abstract: In a double-blind study young volunteers randomly received 20 ml of mepivacaine 2%, bupivacaine 0.5% or etidocaine 1.5% epidurally, all solutions with adrenaline. The mean cephalad spread of pin-prick analgesia was equal (T10) in the groups, but the duration was longest for bupivacaine and etidocaine. The motor blockade of the rectus abdominis muscles was assessed quantitatively by rectified integrated electromyographic recordings (RIEMG) and as number of turns in EMG recordings [changes in the direction (rise/fall) of the EMG; TURNS] from three different segmental levels, T7, T9 and T11. The motor blockade of the quadriceps muscles was estimated by EMG recordings simultaneously with muscle force measurements at maximal isometric knee extension. Motor blockade was also evaluated by the Bromage scale. There was good correlation (correlation coefficient 0.91) between RIEMG values and muscle force in knee extension during epidural anaesthesia. TURNS showed a non-linear relationship to isometric force during epidural anaesthesia and added no further information. At the lower parts of the abdomen (T11), etidocaine gave more profound and longer motor blockade than mepivacaine. For quadriceps muscle function, motor blockade was almost complete with all three local anaesthetics; the duration of maximum motor blockade was short (45-60 min) for mepivacaine, but about 5 h with etidocaine. At the time when the Bromage scale indicated complete regression of motor blockade, the muscle force of knee extension was only 30% and the quadriceps RIEMG 35% of control values and 1-3 h remained until the time of mobilization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Orebro Medical Centre Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nydahl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Axelsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Philipson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leissner
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000083:Acetanilides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D005041:Etidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008619:Mepivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000083:Acetanilides; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D008619:Mepivacaine; D005041:Etidocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine