title: Mutations at the transit peptide-mature protein junction separate two cleavage events during chloroplast import of the chlorophyll a/b-binding protein.
abstract: We have shown previously that during in vitro import into chloroplasts, the precursor of the major light-harvesting chlorphyll a/b-binding protein (LHCP) generated from a wheat gene gives rise to two mature forms (25 and approximately 26 kDa) which are inserted into the thylakoids. However, during incubation of the LHCP precursor with a chloroplast-soluble extract in an organelle-free processing reaction, the NH2 terminus is cleaved, yielding only a 25-kDa peptide. In the present study, mutations at the transit peptide-mature protein junction were introduced in the LHCP precursor to investigate the relationship between the two peptides and the determinants of proteolytic processing. Mutant p delta 3 lacks 3 amino acids including Met34 at the primary cleavage site thought to give rise to the 26-kDa peptide. It is still processed during import and in the organelle-free reaction yielding in both assays only a 25-kDa peptide. Mutant p + 4 has 4 amino acids inserted immediately after Met34 and a proline that disrupts the alpha-helix predicted by the Garnier-Osguthorpe-Robson method (Garnier, J., Osguthorpe, D. J., and Robson, B. (1978) J. Mol. Biol. 120, 97-120) to extend through this region. Although p + 4 is imported, it is inefficiently processed; both a 25- and 26-kDa peptide are found, but at least 60% of the imported precursor remains uncleaved. Less than 5% is processed in the organelle-free assay. Replacement of the predicted alpha-helix in the mutant p + 4 alpha restores processing upon import into the chloroplast, but this mutant, which also has a 4-amino acid insert, yields only a 26-kDa peptide. p + 4 alpha is not processed in the organelle-free reaction. These results provide evidence that the two forms of LHCP obtained during import are the result of independent processing at two cleavage sites: the first site at Met34, and a second approximately 10 amino acids downstream within what has been designated the NH2 terminus of the mature protein. Whereas p delta 3 has the first site removed but retains a functional second site, in p + 4 alpha only the first site, or one very near it, is accessible to the processing enzyme during import. The conditions of the organelle-free reaction are specific for processing at only the secondary site. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of the heterogeneity of LHCP in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lamppa
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D007887:Fabaceae; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013820:Thermolysin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014357:Trypsin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D002734:Chlorophyll; D014357:Trypsin; D013820:Thermolysin