title: The effects of cytosine arabinoside and GM-CSF in leukemic cells in vitro.
abstract: An in vitro pilot study was conducted of the possible utility of combining low doses of cytosine arabinoside (araC) and GM-CSF to stimulate leukemic cell differentiation. Cytosine arabinoside induced macrophage differentiation in some cultures but only when the drug produced substantial cytostatic effects. GM-CSF, when present alone, failed to induce leukemic cell differentiation. When GM-CSF and araC were simultaneously present the level of both araC associated cytotoxicity and araC associated differentiation were reduced in 3 studies. In only a single study was there evidence suggesting that GM-CSF increased araC-associated differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Barrett Cancer Center for Prevention, Research and Treatment, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267.
authors.forename: X Z
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Preisler
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000097:blood; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000097:blood; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D003561:Cytarabine; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor