title: Expression and function of the UM4D4 antigen in human thymus.
abstract: UM4D4 is a newly identified T cell surface molecule, distinct from the Ag receptor and CD2, which is expressed on 25% of peripheral blood T cells, resting or activated. Monoclonal anti-UM4D4 is mitogenic for T cells and T cell clones. Since alternative activation pathways independent of Ag/MHC recognition may be important in thymic differentiation, the expression and function of UM4D4 was examined in human thymus. UM4D4 was found on the surface of 6% of thymocytes. All thymocyte subsets contained UM4D4+ cells but expression was greatest on thymocytes that were CD1- (12%), CD3+ (11%) and especially CD4-CD8- (18%). CD3+CD4- CD8- cells, most of which bear the gamma delta-receptor, were greater than or equal to 50% + for UM4D4. Moreover, anti-UM4D4 was comitogenic for thymocytes together with PMA or IL-2. Anti-UM4D4 also reacted strongly with a subset of thymic epithelial cells in both cortex and medulla. Dual color fluorescence microscopy, with anti-UM4D4 and antibodies to other thymic epithelial Ag, showed UM4D4 expression on neuroendocrine thymic epithelium but not on thymic fibrous stroma. Thus, UM4D4 is expressed on, and represents an activation pathway for, a subset of thymic T cells. In addition, this determinant, initially identified as a novel T cell activating molecule, is broadly expressed by neuroendocrine thymic epithelium. Although the function of UM4D4 on the thymic epithelial cells is not yet clear, it is possible that UM4D4 represents a pathway for the functional activation of a subset of the thymic epithelium as well as a subset of thymocytes, thus playing a dual role in T cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0531.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baadsgaard
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000502:physiology; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004848:Epithelium / Q000032:analysis; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D010641:Phenotype; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D000954:Antigens, Surface