title: Direct automated EMIT d.a.u. analysis of N,N-dimethylformamide-modified serum, plasma, and postmortem blood for benzodiazepines, benzoylecgonine, cannabinoids, and opiates.
abstract: Serum, plasma, and postmortem blood treated with two volumes of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and centrifuged, were directly analyzable by means of the EMIT d.a.u. reagents on the Syva Autocarousel in the same manner as urine. Cutoff values in milligrams (immunochemically cross-reactive analyte equivalents)/L are 0.05 for morphine (MOR), 0.15 for benzoylecgonine (BZE), 0.20 for oxazepam (OX), and 0.02 for 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid (THCC). The relationship of concentrations (micrograms/mL serum) to absorbance changes (delta A) were S-shaped up to greater than 3.0 for MOR, 4.0 for BZE, greater than 5.0 for OX, and 0.2 for THCC. Beyond these maximal concentrations, delta A values declined. Thus, negatives should be repeated on substantially diluted aliquots to avoid missing extraordinarily high positives. "False" quantitative negative/positive noncongruence between total EMIT cross-reactives and free-drug analyses by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were 0/17 (N = 75) for opiates, 8/0 (N = 119) for cocaine products, and 19/5 (N = 103) for cannabinoids. For benzodiazepines (N = 58) the "false" negative/"false" positive ratio of EMIT (total)/high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (free) was 4/4. Within-day precision as coefficient of variation (CV) of quantitative estimates was 8-18%. For between-day precision, quantitative estimates varied by 8% for MOR, 15% for BZE, 18% for OX, and 34% for THCC.
authors.affiliation: National Medical Services, Inc., Willow Grove, Pennsylvania 19090.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Klinger
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rieders
mesh_terms: D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000097:blood*; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000097:blood*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D004126:Dimethylformamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D009294:Narcotics / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D009294:Narcotics; D001569:Benzodiazepines; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D004126:Dimethylformamide; D003042:Cocaine