title: Imprint cytology of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas based on a study of 212 immunologically characterized cases: correlation of touch imprints with tissue sections.
abstract: The classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) has been traditionally based on analysis of histologic sections and has been supplemented more recently by immunologic marker studies. It was the purpose of the present study to illustrate, side-by-side, sections and Romanowsky-stained imprints from the same surgical specimen from practically all categories of immunophenotyped NHLs, including rare and atypical variants that were difficult to classify from the histologic sections alone. Our results indicate that imprint cytology may reveal nuclear and cytoplasmic details not discernible in even the best tissue sections and that it may be selectively helpful in contributing to the classification of NHLs. Our results also show that the relative value of imprint cytology in the classification of malignant lymphomas varies greatly among categories. Specifically, we have found that imprints assist in three ways: the recognition of plasmacytoid features in small cell lymphocytic lymphomas, the recognition of plasmacytoid immunoblastic lymphoma, and the differentiation between NHLs which may be difficult to distinguish histologically. These include (1) small lymphocytic lymphoma versus lymphocytic lymphoma of intermediate differentiation, (2) true histiocytic malignancies versus large cell malignant lymphomas with abundant cytoplasm and/or phagocytosis, (3) anaplastic myeloma versus plasmacytoid immunoblastic lymphoma, (4) large noncleaved versus plasmacytoid immunoblastic lymphoma, (5) lymphoblastic lymphoma versus diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma, and (6) lymphoblastic lymphoma versus small noncleaved cell lymphoma. Lymph node imprints are easy to prepare and readily interpretable by those experienced in the study of abnormal blood and bone marrow films. Their value as an ancillary methodology aimed at optimal accuracy in the classification of NHLs should be recognized.
authors.affiliation: James Irvine Center, Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rappaport
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sheibani
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pangalis
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Nathwani
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Winberg
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D009626:Terminology as Topic