Crystal structure of rat intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein. Refinement and analysis of the Escherichia coli-derived protein with bound palmitate.
Rat intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein (I-FABP) is a small (15,124 Mr) cytoplasmic polypeptide that binds long-chain fatty acids in a non-covalent fashion. I-FABP is a member of a family of intracellular binding proteins that are thought to participate in the uptake, transport and/or metabolic targeting of hydrophobic ligands. The crystal structure of Escherichia coli-derived rat I-FABP with a single molecule of bound palmitate has been refined to 2 A resolution using a combination of least-squares methods, energy refinement and molecular dynamics. The combined methods resulted in a model with a crystallographic R-factor of 17.8% (7775 reflections, sigma greater than 2.0), root-mean-square bond length deviation of 0.009 A and root-mean-square bond angle deviation of 2.85 degrees. I-FABP contains ten antiparallel beta-strands organized into two approximately orthogonal, beta-sheets. The hydrocarbon tail of its single C16:0 ligand is present in a well-ordered, distinctively bent conformation. The carboxylate group of the fatty acid is located in the interior of I-FABP and forms a unique "quintet" of electrostatic interactions involving Arg106; Gln 115, and two solvent molecules. The hydrocarbon tail is bent with a slight left-handed helical twist from the carboxylate group to C-16. The bent methylene chain resides in a "cradle" formed by the side-chains of hydrophobic, mainly aromatic, amino acid residues. The refined molecular model of holo-I-FABP suggests several potential locations for entry and exiting of the fatty acid.
Sacchettini
J C
JC
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110.
Gordon
J I
JI
Banaszak
L J
LJ
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli; D000071438:Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010168:Palmitates / Q000378:metabolism; D010169:Palmitic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D002352:Carrier Proteins; C490174:Fabp7 protein, rat; D000071438:Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008024:Ligands; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010168:Palmitates; D010169:Palmitic Acids