title: Circumsporozoite protein heterogeneity in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.
abstract: Phenotypic heterogeneity in the repetitive portion of a human malaria circumsporozoite (CS) protein, a major target of candidate vaccines, has been found. Over 14% of clinical cases of uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria at two sites in western Thailand produced sporozoites immunologically distinct from previously characterized examples of the species. Monoclonal antibodies to the CS protein of other P. vivax isolates and to other species of human and simian malarias did not bind to these nonreactive sporozoites, nor did antibodies from monkeys immunized with a candidate vaccine made from the repeat portion of a New World CS protein. The section of the CS protein gene between the conserved regions I and II of a nonreactive isolate contained a nonapeptide repeat, Ala-Asn-Gly-Ala-Gly-Asn-Gln-Pro-Gly, identical at only three amino acid positions with published nonapeptide sequences. This heterogeneity implies that a P. vivax vaccine based on the CS protein repeat of one isolate will not be universally protective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wirtz
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lanar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sattabongkot
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prasittisuk
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D005784:Gene Amplification; D005796:Genes; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000469:parasitology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C041595:circumsporozoite protein, Protozoan