title: Differential roles of splanchnic and peripheral tissues in determining diurnal fluctuation of glucose tolerance.
abstract: To identify the mechanisms and the sites of the diurnal fluctuation in glucose tolerance in humans, we selectively quantitated the components of net splanchnic glucose balance, i.e., splanchnic glucose uptake and hepatic glucose output, as well as peripheral glucose uptake, by combining tritiated glucose infusion with hepatic and femoral venous catheterization. The studies were carried out in 11 healthy volunteers at 8:00 A.M. and at 6:00 P.M. on different days after 12 h of fasting. After intravenous glucose infusion (6.5 mg.kg-1.min-1 for 120 min) blood glucose rose twofold at 8:00 A.M. and threefold at 6:00 P.M. (P less than 0.01). Insulin levels did not differ significantly between the two series of tests. Splanchnic glucose balance switched from the net output of the basal state to a net uptake in both morning and afternoon studies. However, this effect was more marked at 6:00 P.M. than at 8:00 A.M. (at 60-120 min, P less than 0.05). The different pattern of splanchnic glucose balance was entirely accounted for by a greater rise in splanchnic glucose uptake in the afternoon, as the suppression of endogenous glucose output by the glucose load was practically complete in both series of studies. In contrast, glucose uptake by leg tissues increased less at 6:00 P.M. than at 8:00 A.M. (at 30-60 min, P less than 0.05; at 75 and 90 min, P less than 0.01; at 105 and 120 min, P less than 0.005). These data indicate that the mechanism responsible for the reduced glucose tolerance later in the day resides in the peripheral tissues whose ability to dispose of a glucose load is drastically decreased.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verrillo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Teresa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Chiara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verrillo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torello
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gattoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose