title: Hypophosphatemia. Causes and clinical consequences.
abstract: Severe hypophosphatemia (i.e., serum phosphorus concentration below 1 mg/dl) occurs infrequently in veterinary patients. It is most often associated with diabetic ketoacidosis in small animals. Phosphate is necessary for the production of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP); both are important for normal cellular metabolism. Consequences of severe hypophosphatemia may include hemolytic anemia, seizures, altered mentation, cardiomyopathy, and skeletal muscle weakness. Parenteral phosphate therapy is necessary in most cases of severe hypophosphatemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Moreland
mesh_terms: D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000662:veterinary; D004163:Diphosphoglyceric Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D010760:Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D004163:Diphosphoglyceric Acids; D010710:Phosphates; D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; D010758:Phosphorus; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate