title: Adolescent chemical use and dependence: current issues in epidemiology, treatment and prevention.
abstract: This review provides a pragmatic and clinical orientation to current issues in adolescent chemical dependence in addition to exploring legitimate and relevant unanswered questions about chemical dependence. The lack of research on adolescent chemical dependence is addressed in light of the updated epidemiology. Patterns of use, abuse and dependence among adolescents are reviewed. The article examines treatment issues as well as prevention strategies among children and adolescents. Future clinically oriented research directions are suggested to promote further investigation into these areas.
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaminer
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bukstein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014481:United States