Effects of dose of ingested glucose on plasma metabolite and hormone responses in type II diabetic subjects.
Ten untreated type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects were given 15, 25, 35, and 50 g glucose orally. Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, urea nitrogen, alpha-amino acid nitrogen, and lactate concentrations were measured, and net 5-h postprandial areas were calculated. The net glucose-area response to the ingested glucose dose (with the 0-time value as a constant baseline) was best described by a second-order polynomial equation, whereas insulin-area response was best described by a third-order equation. In a separate study, 5 untreated type II diabetic subjects were given only water, and the same metabolites and hormones were measured. Data from this study indicated that the baseline was not constant during the 5 h of study but decreased progressively. The net glucose-area and insulin-area responses to ingested glucose dose (with the decreasing baseline) were then best described by third-order equations. Glucagon, alpha-amino acid nitrogen, and lactate concentrations were exquisitely sensitive to a rise in glucose and insulin concentrations. These were all decreased with the lowest concentration of glucose used. At this dose of glucose, the increase in insulin was only 15 microU/ml.
Gannon
M C
MC
Metabolic Research Laboratory, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417.
Nuttall
F Q
FQ
Westphal
S A
SA
Neil
B J
BJ
Seaquist
E R
ER
D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005502:Food; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*
D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D007773:Lactates; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose; D009584:Nitrogen