title: Effects of atropine, proglumide, and somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995) on bombesin-induced gallbladder contraction and CCK secretion in humans.
abstract: The effects of atropine, proglumide, and somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995) on bombesin-induced gallbladder contraction and plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion were investigated in healthy volunteers. The gallbladder size was measured by real-time ultrasonography and the plasma CCK levels by radioimmunoassay. Bombesin (5 micrograms/30 min infusion) induced gallbladder contractions that reduced the gallbladder area to 36.6 +/- 2.1% of the original area 45 min after bombesin infusion, and caused a significant increase of plasma CCK from a basal level of 10.3 +/- 1.8 pg/ml to a peak level of 42.9 +/- 8.9 pg/ml (p less than 0.01) at 20 min. Atropine (500 micrograms, im) inhibited significantly (p less than 0.01) the gallbladder contraction (maximum contractile rate, 78.7 +/- 6.4%) in response to bombesin without any change of plasma CCK secretion, whereas proglumide (800 mg/day for 3 days, per os) decreased slightly but not significantly the gallbladder contraction, and had no effect on plasma CCK secretion. On the other hand, SMS 201-995 (50 micrograms, sc) almost completely inhibited both bombesin-induced CCK secretion and gallbladder contraction (maximum contractile rate, 93.6 +/- 6.2%). These findings suggest that atropine inhibits bombesin-induced gallbladder contraction, not via suppression of CCK release, but probably by inhibiting cholinergic mechanisms, whereas somatostatin inhibits gallbladder contraction, at least in part, by the suppression of bombesin-stimulated CCK secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsukawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nishizono
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakatsuru
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohgo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsukura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001839:Bombesin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000187:drug effects*; D005973:Glutamine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D015282:Octreotide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011377:Proglumide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012016:Reference Values; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D001285:Atropine; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D011377:Proglumide; D001839:Bombesin; D015282:Octreotide