title: The prevalence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance patterns of nonverocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Ontario broiler chickens.
abstract: The prevalence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Ontario broiler chickens was determined by culturing cloacal samples from 500 individual birds selected from 50 poultry farms. Resistance to antimicrobials was determined for each of the isolates. In addition, abattoir and farm-level management data were obtained to evaluate variables that may be considered risk factors for infection. The variables selected included: Percentage of birds condemned at slaughter, percentage of birds dead-on-arrival, bird weight, truck number, farm size, hatchery source, litter source and type, feed source, mortality levels, type of water drinker, water sanitization, down time, barn clean out and history of antibiotic treatment. None of the cloacal samples revealed the presence of verocytotoxin-producing E. coli, though 19/500 (3.8%) contained Salmonella organisms. Nine different Salmonella serotypes were isolated; the most common being S. hadar, S. heidelberg and S. mbandaka. Resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin was common among Salmonella (63%) and E. coli (25.2%) isolates. Resistance to two or more antimicrobials occurred in 420/500 (84%) of the E. coli isolates. No statistically significant associations between abattoir or farm-level management variables and the Salmonella-status of farms were demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McEwen
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Meek
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D002988:Cloaca / Q000382:microbiology; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D009864:Ontario; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D022622:Shiga Toxin 1; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D003603:Cytotoxins; D022622:Shiga Toxin 1