title: Behavior disorders in mentally retarded persons, the dually diagnosed: factors of pathogenesis.
abstract: The present report considers organic factors of pathogenesis, in addition to environmental factors, as causal processes in cases of dual disability of mental retardation and behavior disorders. Relevant to organic pathogenesis, in cases of dual diagnosis, basic biological processes are presented, mechanisms concerned with gestational and birth complications that led to fetal-neonatal hypoxic cerebral cortical damage. In such cases, dual diagnosis manifestations of mental retardation and behavior disorders, together with other chronic cerebral disabilities, may be attributed to residues of fetal-neonatal cerebral damage.
authors.affiliation: Mental Retardation Research Institute, Danvers, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Towbin
mesh_terms: D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000473:pathology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000523:psychology*; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000473:pathology*