title: Comparison of effects of phorbol esters and glucose on protein kinase C activation and insulin secretion in pancreatic islets.
abstract: The tumour-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) induces insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets, and this suggests a potential role for protein kinase C in the regulation of stimulus-secretion coupling in islets. In the present study, the hypothesis that the insulinotropic effect of TPA is mediated by activation of protein kinase C in pancreatic islets has been examined. TPA induced a gradual translocation of protein kinase C from the cytosol to a membrane-associated state which correlated with the gradual onset of insulin secretion. The pharmacologically inactive phorbol ester 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate did not mimic this effect. TPA also induced a rapid time-dependent decline of total protein kinase C activity in islets and the appearance of a Ca2+- and phospholipid-independent protein kinase activity. Insulin secretion induced by TPA was completely suppressed (IC50 approximately 10 nM) by staurosporine, a potent protein kinase C inhibitor. Staurosporine also inhibited islet cytosolic protein kinase C activity at similar concentrations (IC50 approximately 2 nM). In addition, staurosporine partially (approximately 60%) inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion at concentrations (IC50 approximately 10 nM) similar to those required to inhibit TPA-induced insulin secretion, suggesting that staurosporine may act at a step common to both mechanisms, possibly the activation of protein kinase C. However, stimulatory concentrations of glucose did not induce down-regulation of translocation of protein kinase C, and the inhibition of glucose-induced insulin release by staurosporine was incomplete. Significant questions therefore remain unresolved as to the possible involvement of protein kinase C in glucose-induced insulin secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Easom
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landt
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McDaniel
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D019311:Staurosporine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D002227:Carbazoles; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D007328:Insulin; C049985:staurosporine aglycone; D011494:Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019311:Staurosporine; D005947:Glucose; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate