title: New method for determination of efficacy of health care personnel hand wash products.
abstract: A method of studying the effects of health care personnel hand wash products is described. The fingernail regions of the hands of volunteers are inoculated with a mixture of Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens, and the areas are dried for a standard time. After routine hand washing, each fingernail region is individually scrubbed with an electric toothbrush which moves longitudinally to the handle into collection fluid contained in a petri dish. The test bacteria in the fluid are then enumerated. (Bacillus subtilis spores may be included as tracers to show degree of physical removal of the procedure.) This method has several advantages over the frequently used glove juice technique. Experimental designs with large numbers of volunteers, multiple sampling sites, and many hand wash products may be performed. Ten sampling sites (fingers) are available, versus the two gloved hands for testing products. (Efficiency is almost 100% in the recovery of spore tracers placed on the fingernails.) Many commercial health care personnel hand wash products containing antimicrobial agents substantive to the skin do not rapidly reduce numbers of inoculated bacteria in the fingernail regions to any greater extent than nonantimicrobial hand washes. Products containing isopropanol or ethanol are very effective in decreasing bacteria in areas around and under the fingernails.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Department, S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc., Racine, Wisconsin 53403.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mahl
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000592:standards*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000592:standards*; D006280:Health Workforce; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009262:Nails / Q000382:microbiology; D012706:Serratia marcescens / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012915:Soaps
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012915:Soaps