title: The spinal pedicle screw: techniques and systems.
abstract: New spine instrumentation systems are being developed that incorporate pedicle screws for purchase. This review article outlines techniques for the safe insertion of these devices. A description of the various screw-rod and screw-plate systems currently available is presented.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Esses
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bednar
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D006801:Humans; D009984:Orthopedic Fixation Devices; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery*