Effectiveness of the cavity-rim cervical cap: results of a large clinical study.
From 1981-1988, 3433 women were fitted with a cavity-rim cervical cap in a Food and Drug Administration-approved study. The estimated first-year pregnancy risk was 11.3% (95% confidence limits 10.0-12.8), with risks of 8.3 and 3.8% for user and method failures, respectively. Women who were younger, less educated, and more sexually active, and who intended to have children in the future, had higher pregnancy risks. "Near-perfect" users, ie, individuals who wore the cap for a maximum of 72 hours, used spermicide 100% of the time, and did not report unprotected sexual intercourse, had half the first-year pregnancy risk of others (6.1 versus 11.9%). There were no serious medical or gynecologic complications associated with cap use, although over 20% of users reported problems with cap dislodgment during or after intercourse, cap malodor, or partner discomfort.
Richwald
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GA
Divisions of Population and Family Health, University of California, Los Angeles School of Public Health.
Greenland
S
S
Gerber
M M
MM
Potik
R
R
Kersey
L
L
Comas
M A
MA
D000328:Adult; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003274:Contraceptive Devices, Female / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors