title: Computer simulation of plasma insulin and glucose dynamics after subcutaneous insulin injection.
abstract: We developed a computer program for the simulation of plasma insulin and glucose dynamics after subcutaneous injection of insulin. The program incorporates a pharmacokinetic model to calculate the time courses of plasma insulin for various combinations of popular preparations (regular, NPH, lente, and ultralente). With the use of a pharmacodynamic model describing the dependence of glucose dynamics on plasma insulin and glucose levels, the program can predict the expected time course of plasma glucose in response to a change in carbohydrate intake, insulin dose, timing, or regimen. A set of typical parameters has been obtained by analysis of data from the literature. The results of several computer simulations are presented showing the effect on a 24-h insulin and glucose profile of systematically changing insulin regimen, dose, timing of meals, or timing of preprandial insulin administration. The program can be used to explore on a theoretical basis the impact of various factors associated with glycemic control in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. As an educational tool, the program provides a realistic environment for demonstration of the combined or isolated effects of insulin and diet on glycemia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Theoretical and Physical Biology, National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodbard
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008433:Mathematics; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose