title: Insertional pain and other IUD insertion-related rare events for breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding women--a decade's experience in developing countries.
abstract: The possible effect of breastfeeding on intrauterine device (IUD) insertion events was investigated. Analysis included a total of 6493 women who enrolled in multicenter IUD clinical trials over a ten-year period. Findings indicate that breastfeeding exerts a protective effect on the incidence of moderate to severe insertional pain and reduces the need for cervical dilatation to facilitate insertion. The pain protection effect was most evident in breastfeeding women who were still in lactational amenorrhea. Subjects with amenorrhea, both breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding, had a significantly lower incidence of pain at IUD insertion than the corresponding menstruating subjects. This effect may be related to a higher secretion of beta-endorphin in the breastfeeding and lactational amenorrheic subjects.
authors.affiliation: Family Health International, Research Triangle Park Branch, Durham, North Carolina 27709.
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wilkens
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Champion
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Machemer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rivera
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies