title: Dose-response relationship between urinary cadmium and beta 2-microglobulin in a Japanese environmentally cadmium exposed population.
abstract: This study was carried out to test the dose-response relationship between urinary cadmium (Cd) and beta 2-microglobulin(beta 2-mg) and also to estimate the biological threshold value of urinary Cd concentration in inhabitants exposed to environmental Cd. Urinary Cd and beta 2-mg were measured in 3178 inhabitants over 50 years of age in the Cd-polluted Kakehashi River basin in Japan and 294 inhabitants in non-polluted areas. Urinary Cd and beta 2-mg were significantly higher in the Cd-exposed subjects than in the non-exposed subjects. Prevalence rates of beta 2-microglobulinuria(beta 2-mg-uria) increased proportionally with increasing urinary Cd concentrations and probit linear regression lines could be calculated between them. The urinary Cd concentration corresponding to the prevalence rates of beta 2-mg-uria among non-exposed subjects was calculated using the regression line, and values of 3.8-4.0 micrograms Cd/g creatinine for men and 3.8-4.1 micrograms Cd/g creatinine for women, respectively, were obtained. These values may be of use in establishing the biological threshold of urinary Cd concentration in environmentally Cd-exposed populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsuritani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nogawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002104:Cadmium / Q000652:urine*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008875:Middle Aged; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D002104:Cadmium