title: Reversal of fentanyl/fluanisone neuroleptanalgesia in the rabbit using mixed agonist/antagonist opioids.
abstract: The reversal of the neuroleptanalgesic combination of fentanyl/fluanisone using mixed agonist/antagonist opioids has been investigated in the rabbit. All of the compounds studied (naloxone, nalbuphine, meptazinol, butorphanol, buprenorphine, pentazocine, doxapram) reversed the respiratory depression and sedation produced by fentanyl/fluanisone. Fentanyl/fluanisone produced profound analgesia for 180 min, which was rapidly and completely antagonized by naloxone. The mixed agonist/antagonist opioids produced a reduction in the degree of analgesia but, in contrast to naloxone, analgesic activity persisted from 120 min (meptazinol) to 420 min (buprenorphine). Administration of buprenorphine to rabbits anaesthetized with fentanyl/fluanisone and midazolam confirmed that the reversal of respiratory depression was accompanied by the return of arterial pH, PCO2 and PCO2 to preanaesthetic values. The use of neuroleptanalgesic anaesthetic regimens, which have been shown to provide effective surgical anaesthesia, combined with reversal using a mixed agonist/antagonist opioid to provide postoperative analgesia, appears to be a valuable refinement of current laboratory animal anaesthetic practice.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Biology Centre, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Flecknell
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liles
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wootton
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002090:Butyrophenones / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009458:Neuroleptanalgesia / Q000662:veterinary; D011817:Rabbits; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D002090:Butyrophenones; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009294:Narcotics; C005014:fluanisone; D005283:Fentanyl