title: Procaine rapidly inactivates acetylcholine receptors from Torpedo and competes with agonist for inhibition sites.
abstract: The relationship between the high-affinity procaine channel inhibition site (apparent dissociation constant Kp congruent to 200 microM) and the agonist self-inhibition site on acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) from Torpedo electroplaque was investigated by using rapid 86Rb+ quenched-flux assays at 4 degrees C in native AChR-rich vesicles on which 50-60% of ACh activation sites were blocked with alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX). In the presence of channel-activating acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations (10 microM-10 mM) alone, AChR undergoes one phase of inactivation (fast desensitization, rate = kd) in under a second. Addition of procaine produces two-phase inactivation similar to that seen with self-inhibiting (greater than 10 mM) ACh concentrations [Forman & Miller (1988) Biophys. J. 54, 149-158]--rapid inactivation (rate = kr) complete in 30-75 ms is followed by fast desensitization at the same kd observed without procaine. The dependence of kr on [procaine] is consistent with a bimolecular association between procaine and its AChR site with kon = 2.5 X 10(5) M-1 s-1, koff = 36 s-1, and Kp = 145 +/- 36 microM). Inhibition of AChR function by mixtures of procaine (up to 12Kp) plus self-inhibiting concentrations of ACh or suberyldicholine ([SubCh] up to 13 X the 50% self-inhibiting agonist concentration, KB) was studied by reducing the level of alpha-BTX block in vesicles. The apparent KB increased in the presence of procaine, and the apparent KP increased linearly with [SubCh], indicating mutually exclusive actions at a common AChR site. Our data support a mechanism where procaine binds preferentially to the open-channel AChR state, since no procaine-induced inactivation is observed without agonist and kr's dependence on [ACh] in the channel-activating range closely parallels that of 86Rb+ flux response to ACh.
authors.affiliation: Committee on Higher Degrees in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D007700:Kinetics; D008433:Mathematics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011343:Procaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012413:Rubidium / Q000378:metabolism; D014101:Torpedo
chemical_list: D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D011343:Procaine; D012413:Rubidium; D000109:Acetylcholine