[Management of a patient with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility during anesthesia and daily living].
Death from malignant hyperthermia (MH) still occurs in France. However, anaesthesia of the MH susceptible (MhS) patient is quite possible without any more risk than for patients who are not MhS. Guidelines have been worked out: "trigger" drugs such as volatile anaesthetics (halothane, enflurane, isoflurane) and depolarizing muscle relaxants must be imperatively avoided; "non-trigger" drugs should be used, such as nitrous oxide, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, propofol, opiates, non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, amide or ester local anaesthetics at the usual doses without adrenaline. Moreover, dantrolene should be available in all hospitals, 12 bottles being a minimum at hand, or, better, 30 (about 10 mg.kg-1). In some cases, such as emergencies, an unprepared operating theatre, or an unprepared ventilator, the patient should be premedicated with 2.5 mg.kg-1 dantrolene intravenously. The ventilator, the circuit and the operating theatre should not contain any trace of halogenated vapour. The usual parameters, as well as temperature and expired CO2 concentration, should be closely monitored. MhS patients must also be given counselling. This includes explanations about MH, its genetic features, the main laboratory tests used to detect susceptibility, as well as advice about lifestyle, the use of drugs other than general and local anaesthetics, and a discussion concerning the association of MH with other diseases. This counselling is not always easy to provide, because many answers are not, as yet, definitive.
Jacquot
C
C
Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHRU de Grenoble.
Stieglitz
P
P
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000777:Anesthetics; D003620:Dantrolene / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D006801:Humans; D008305:Malignant Hyperthermia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011292:Premedication; D012307:Risk Factors; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical
D000777:Anesthetics; D003620:Dantrolene
Conduite à tenir devant un sujet susceptible de présenter une hyperthermie maligne en cas d'anesthésie et dans la vie quotidienne.