title: Method for determining vertebral body positions in the sagittal plane using skin markers.
abstract: A method by which the location of vertebral bodies can be estimated from the external profile of the spine in the sagittal plane is described. The technique involves a normalization of the curve from T1 to L5 and approximation using a cubic spline. Mapping functions are developed that enable the transformation of a skin profile to a vertebral centroid curve. Data were obtained for 13 subjects between the ages of 13 and 17 who had undergone lateral spinal radiographs with radiopaque skin markers over the vertebral spinal processes. Results suggested that vertebral body centroids could be estimated from the skin profile to a precision having a standard error of the estimate of 0.4 cm. This was improved to 0.2 cm if the lumbar curve were considered separately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stevenson
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008722:Methods; D011187:Posture; D013131:Spine / Q000033:anatomy & histology*