title: Ionomycin releases calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and activates Na+/Ca2+ exchange in vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Ionomycin (1 microM) produced a large spike in cytosolic free Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i). The ionophore had no effect on [Ca2+]i if the sarcoplasmic reticulum had previously been Ca2+ depleted by stimulating neurohormone receptors. Ionomycin markedly increased 45Ca2+ efflux and decreased total cell Ca2+ by 60 to 70% in 1 min. Replacing extracellular Na+ [( Na+]o) with choline or N-methyl-D-glucamine strongly inhibited the effects of ionomycin on 45Ca2+ efflux and total Ca2+. Ionomycin caused similar peak increases in [Ca2+]i in the presence and absence of [Na+]o, but the exponential fall from the peak was faster in the presence of [Na+]o. Dimethylbenzamil, a potent blocker of Na+/Ca2+ exchange in these cells, strongly inhibited the effects of ionomycin on 45Ca2+ efflux and total cell Ca2+. We conclude that the increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ produced by ionomycin may be sufficient to activate the plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger which removes Ca2+ from the cytosol and helps restore basal [Ca2+]i.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama, Birmingham.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lyu
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004987:Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015759:Ionomycin; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004987:Ethers; C053494:2',4'-dimethylbenzamil; D015759:Ionomycin; D000584:Amiloride; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium