Cutaneous absorption and decontamination of [3H]T-2 toxin in the rat model.
Cutaneous absorption and decontamination of [3H]T-2 mycotoxin using various treatment modalities incorporating water, detergent, sprays, and scrubbing of application sites were examined in the rat model at 5, 30, 60, and 1440 min (24 h) postexposure. Rats were killed immediately after treatment and radiolabeled T-2 remaining in full-thickness skin samples were determined. Absorption and decontamination were followed over time, and decontaminating treatment modalities were evaluated for efficacy. Less than 1% of the applied dose was absorbed in 5 min, and 50% was absorbed in 24 h. At 5 min, 99.5 +/- 0.05% of nonabsorbed (residual) [3H]T-2 was removed, and 58 +/- 5.2% of residual toxin was removed at 24 h with a 2.5% detergent/water spray. When treatment modalities were evaluated at 60 min, a 2.5% detergent/water scrub followed by a detergent/water spray produced optimal decontamination by removing 81 +/- 2.2% of residual toxin. All treatment modalities using detergent and/or water removed significant amounts of toxin (p less than or equal to .0001); a dry scrub was not efficacious. Treatment should be initiated as soon as possible after exposure for best results. However, the stratum corneum acts as a reservoir for the toxin, and decontamination should be carried out even if delayed several hours or days after exposure. Dermal absorption pharmacokinetics found in these studies are similar to those described for other low-molecular-weight compounds, and the decontamination results from T-2 toxin should be applicable to other, similar toxic substances.
Bunner
B L
BL
Field Medical Materiel Development Division, U.S. Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701-5010.
Wannemacher
R W
RW
Dinterman
R E
RE
Broski
F H
FH
D000818:Animals; D003666:Decontamination; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013605:T-2 Toxin