Bladder cancer: deciding on appropriate surgery.
Over the last 40 years the role of surgery in the management of bladder cancer has evolved from being the only treatment option to part of a multimodality approach which utilizes intravesical and systemic chemotherapy. Throughout this evolution, surgery has remained the mainstay of staging and treatment. Currently, conservative bladder-sparing endoscopic surgery is possible in patients with superficial bladder cancer, and continent cutaneous or orthoptic diversions are improving the quality of life in many patients who require a radical cystectomy. Unfortunately, surgery alone is insufficient to cure advanced stages of bladder cancer. Continued research in systemic chemotherapy is necessary to significantly improve long-term survival rates.
Wood
D P
DP
Memorial Sloan-Kettering.
Montie
J E
JE
D006801:Humans; D008722:Methods; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*