title: Monitoring versus interim analysis of clinical trials: a perspective from the pharmaceutical industry.
abstract: The definitions of "interim analysis" and "monitoring" of clinical trials are often ambiguous in the current literature. The resulting confusion can lead to erroneous conclusions and misguided decisions, especially when activities that are operational or observational are evaluated in a probabilistic sense as inferential. The authors seek to define "interim analysis" and "monitoring" in a mutually exclusive fashion. These definitions will then provide the opportunity to review and categorize existing clinical trial practices and procedures. This will clarify such issues as "when to look" and "when to pay a price" (e.g., test size and power) and characterize such issues in the context of pharmaceutical industry drug development.
authors.affiliation: Mathematical Service, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Enas
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Dornseif
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Rockhold
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wuu
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D012107:Research Design; D012449:Safety; D013223:Statistics as Topic