title: Severe methaemoglobinaemia after flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy.
abstract: A patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed severe cyanosis after bronchoscopy (oxygen saturation 34%) from methaemoglobinaemia. This was thought to be due to enhanced absorption of local anaesthetic from the nasopharynx or trachea as a result of candidiasis. The patient responded dramatically to intravenous methylene blue.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kotler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hansen-Flaschen
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Casey
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D000328:Adult; D001566:Benzocaine / Q000009:adverse effects; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008708:Methemoglobinemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; D008751:Methylene Blue; D001566:Benzocaine