title: Antidotal therapy of severe acute organophosphate poisoning: a multihospital study.
abstract: Out of 859 consecutive cases treated for exposure to organophosphate (PO) insecticides, 53 were included in the study. Criteria for inclusion were severe OP poisoning necessitating artificial ventilation, intensive care monitoring and treatment according to a standard protocol. The protocol was based on relatively high doses of obidoxime, relatively low doses of atropine and overriding with a pacemaker in cases of ventricular arrhythmias and prolonged Q-T interval. Seven patients died during hospitalization. Thirty-two patients (60%) had major central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Five (9.4%) presented severe psychiatric sequelae. Twenty-two patients (41.5%) presented cardiac arrhythmias. Five (9.4%) had liver dysfunction. High frequency of cardiac arrhythmias was observed in patients who received high cumulative doses of atropine and obidoxime; impairment of liver functions was significantly higher in patients who received high cumulative doses of obidoxime. We conclude that each drug should be titrated separately: atropine dosage should be adjusted to the severity of tracheobronchial secretions and bronchospasm, while full doses of obidoxime are justified for the period before "aging" sets in.
authors.affiliation: Israel National Poison Control Center, Rambam Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kushnir
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raikhlin-Eisenkraft
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Taitelman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007306:Insecticides / Q000506:poisoning*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009768:Obidoxime Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010091:Oximes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011039:Poison Control Centers
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D009768:Obidoxime Chloride; D001285:Atropine