title: The effect of the amount of protrusion built into the bionator on condylar growth and displacement: a clinical study.
abstract: To evaluate the treatment effects of a variable degree of forward posturing of the mandible incorporated into the Bionator, a study was undertaken on 14 patients with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion, treated for 1 year with a Bionator, maintaining the mandible in an edge-to-edge incisal position (Be group). This group was compared with a matched group of patients treated with the Bionator in whom the mandible was maintained in a "functional maxipropulsion" (Bmax group). Both groups were subdivided further according to sex for selected parameters. Twenty-nine measurements on cephalometric x-ray films taken before and after 1 year of treatment were statistically analyzed. According to this study, "edge-to-edge" protrusion is superior to "functional maxipropulsion" in increasing ramal height. The difference in increase in corpus length after treatment (greater in boys than in girls) was sex related rather than dependent on appliance characteristics. When studying the effect of functional appliances, it is suggested that a patient group be subdivided by sex. After treatment a repositioning of the condyle was found in a more downward and possibly slightly forward direction relative to sella point (S) in both groups. A relocation of the condyle should be considered as another treatment effect of functional appliances. The more important lowering of the condyle found in the Bmax group may partly explain the significant increase in SNB, the 1.6-fold larger decrease in overbite, and the highly significant increase in anterior lower facial height in this group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Limburg, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Op Heij
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Callaert
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Opdebeeck
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D009968:Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; D012737:Sex Factors; D014716:Vertical Dimension