title: Simple nonrebreathing valves for use with large mammals.
abstract: Two simple nonrebreathing valves suitable for use with large mammals are described. These valves can be constructed in a reasonably well equipped workshop using materials that are readily available. The resistive pressure of both valves is less than 0.1 kPa at flow rates up to 15 L.s-1. Their main limitation is a relatively large dead space, although the dead space of valve B (290 mL) is less than the dead space of some commercially available valves. Healthy adult horses and cows compensate for the increased dead space by an increase in tidal volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gallivan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bignell
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: McDonell
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Whiting
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration; D012126:Respiratory Dead Space; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*