Pectoralis minor: a unique muscle for correction of facial palsy.
The author introduced this muscle for the first time almost a decade ago, and this is the first extensive description of the intricate microanatomy of this complex but unique microneurovascular muscle unit. Advantages and disadvantages and indications and contraindications for its use in facial paralysis are presented in detail from an extensive clinical experience of almost 50 such microneurovascular transfers. Pitfalls that the reconstructive microsurgeon should beware and strengths in using this muscle for facial palsy are highlighted. The detailed operative approach is presented, with promise of undetectable scars and minimal functional loss. The strategies for how to inset this muscle unit in the new recipient site are given, along with the thought processes involved in selecting the actual sites of anchoring the muscle to reproduce a mirror image of the contralateral normal face. Finally, an exemplary clinical case demonstrating the use of the pectoralis minor muscle for both eye and lower face reanimation is presented in detail, demonstrating the dual nerve supply and the resulting independent eye and smile movements with total lack of mass action and/or synkinesis. Restorations of eye blink and of a symmetrical and coordinated smile are the frequent rewards of using this unique muscle for the correction of facial palsy.
Terzis
J K
JK
Microsurgical Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk.
D002648:Child; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps