title: External septorhinoplasty--exposure for the difficult nose.
abstract: External septorhinoplasty affords direct exposure, which allows both the novice and the expert surgeon to treat the most challenging noses with a higher degree of assurance. Criticism of the external columellar scar is unwarranted. The technique is reviewed in detail, and complex cases are illustrated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Toronto East General Hospital, Ont, Canada.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Stubbs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000601:surgery*; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013997:Time Factors