title: High pressure freezing comes of age.
abstract: High pressure freezing permits the successful cryoimmobilization of thick biological specimens (up to approx. 500 microns). A very high yield of adequately frozen specimens, in which no segregation patterns due to ice crystal formation is apparent after freeze-substitution or freeze-fracturing, is obtained with suspensions of microorganisms as well as plant and animal tissue. This very high yield is attributed to an optimized transfer of pressure and cold to the biological specimen. This is achieved by replacement of extraspecimen water or buffer by 1-hexadecene, a chemically inert, hydrophobic paraffin oil of low viscosity and low surface tension.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Electron Microscopy I, Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Studer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005404:Fixatives; D005614:Freeze Fracturing; D005615:Freezing; D008099:Liver / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008867:Microtomy; D010944:Plants / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D005404:Fixatives