title: An evaluation of distress following intraperitoneal immunization with Freund's adjuvant in mice.
abstract: Intraperitoneal immunization with Freund's adjuvant is frequently used to stimulate antibody production in mice. To evaluate the clinical and pathological effects of this technique, mice were immunized intraperitoneally with complete Freund's adjuvant and albumin, and the injection repeated 3-4 weeks later using incomplete Freund's adjuvant. This regimen induced a mean antibody titer against albumin of 1:280 within 7 days after booster immunization and increased the abdominal width, abdominal circumference and spleen weights of immunized animals. Food intake and body weight decreased after immunization, but returned to control levels within 1-2 weeks. Open-field activity was not affected. Neutrophilia, eosinophilia and monocytosis were present 7 days after immunization and persisted for the duration of the study. Gross and histopathological lesions included multiple granulomatous abdominal adhesions and lymphoid hyperplasia. Thus, intraperitoneal immunization with Freund's adjuvant and albumin produced some adverse effects in the animal (weight loss, neutrophilia and granulomatous peritonitis). However, the animals did not appear to be severely or chronically impaired, since food intake, body weight and locomotor activity were within normal limits for most of the post-immunization period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Dunlap
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hessler
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001835:Body Weight; D004435:Eating; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007114:Immunization / Q000662:veterinary*; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009043:Motor Activity; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant