Reality versus suggestion: pseudomemory in hypnotizable and simulating subjects.
Assigned hypnotizable (N = 56) and simulating Ss (N = 44) to 1 of 4 conditions: heard a phone ring and conversation, received a suggestion to hear a phone ring and conversation, received a suggestion and heard a phone ring and conversation, or neither heard a phone nor received a suggestion. Hypnotizable Ss successfully discriminated objective events from suggested sources of input. When Ss received a suggestion to hear a phone ring, only 11.5% indicated it actually rang in their open-ended reports; in response to a forced-choice question, none did so. In spontaneous reports, none of the hypnotizable Ss who heard a phone ring indicated it was suggested; only one did so in response to a forced-choice item (vs. 2 simulators). In the no-phone/no-suggestion condition, more simulators than hypnotizable Ss indicated that a phone rang or was suggested.
Lynn
S J
SJ
Weekes
J R
JR
Milano
M J
MJ
D001307:Auditory Perception; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D013404:Suggestion