title: Excretion and metabolism of a series of xanthines by the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans.
abstract: The xanthines paraxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid are absorbed completely by the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans and metabolised presumably into CO2 and NH3. No intermediate metabolites are excreted. Caffeine, hydroxycaffein, theobromine, hydroxytheobromine, and hydroxypraxanthine are absorbed and excreted in different amounts or percentages of the dose administered. Intermediate metabolites of these compounds are not excreted. The turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans may, therefore, be ammonotelic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dotulabs, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Vree
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Vree
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Nouws
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Hekster
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hafkenscheid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000378:metabolism; D013805:Theobromine / Q000378:metabolism; D013806:Theophylline / Q000378:metabolism; D014426:Turtles / Q000378:metabolism*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D019820:Xanthine; D014970:Xanthines / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014970:Xanthines; D019820:Xanthine; D014527:Uric Acid; D002110:Caffeine; D013806:Theophylline; D013805:Theobromine; C021183:1,7-dimethylxanthine