title: Childhood's enuresis in the history of women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea.
abstract: Hyperprolactinemia, or elevated levels of prolactin in blood, is a normal physiologic post-partum response in lactating women. Non-lactating women with hyperprolactinemia often present during the reproductive years since they may have amenorrhea, galactorrhea, or both. Hypersecretion of prolactin is most commonly due to pituitary adenomas. Women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea are often quite anxious, depressed and hostile. It has been hypothesized that these psychological symptoms might antecede the onset of hyperprolactinemia and that hyperprolactinemia may be associated with early developmental problems and may be psychogenic in origin. Twenty patients with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea and twenty-one normoprolactinemic patients with amenorrhea had an interview covering psychiatric history in order to establish whether they had ever met DSM-III criteria for functional nocturnal enuresis at one time during their childhood. While seven out of twenty (35%) patients with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea were found to have had functional enuresis during their childhood, only two out of twenty-one (9.5%) normoprolactinemic amenorrheic women reported having had functional enuresis. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (chi-squared: 3.88; p less than 0.05). We postulate that early stress and developmental problems may present in children as psychological distress and functional enuresis and in women as psychological symptoms (e.g., anxiety and depression) and hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fava
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Guaraldi
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Borofsky
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mastrogiacomo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000523:psychology*; D004775:Enuresis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005687:Galactorrhea / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000523:psychology*; D008370:Manuals as Topic; D010333:Paternal Deprivation; D012189:Retrospective Studies