Toxicokinetics of ochratoxin A in several species and its plasma-binding properties.
The toxicokinetic profile of ochratoxin A was studied after the oral or intravenous administration of 50 ng/g b.w. to fish, quail, mouse, rat and monkey. The elimination half-life varied from 0.68 h after oral administration to fish, up to 840 h after intravenous administration to monkey. The distribution volume ranged from 57 ml/kg in fish to 1500 ml/kg in quail. The plasma clearance was most rapid in quail and fish, 72 and 58 ml/kg.h, respectively, while it was only 0.17 ml/kg.h in monkey. The bioavailability was as low as 1.6% in fish but as high as 97% in mouse. The binding abilities of ochratoxin A to plasma proteins were also studied. From these data we calculated the free fraction of toxin in plasma, which we found to be less than 0.2% in all species investigated (including man) except fish. A similar but smaller investigation on the toxicokinetics and binding properties of ochratoxin B was also performed. Ochratoxin B was more readily eliminated and had a lower affinity for plasma proteins, which partly may explain its lower toxicity.
Hagelberg
S
S
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Hult
K
K
Fuchs
R
R
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002347:Carps; D003370:Coturnix; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013045:Species Specificity
D001798:Blood Proteins; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A