title: Therapeutic serum lidocaine and metabolite concentrations in patients undergoing electrophysiologic study after discontinuation of intravenous lidocaine infusion.
abstract: Serum concentrations of lidocaine and its metabolites monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and glycinexylidide (GX) were measured in seven patients after discontinuation of intravenous lidocaine necessary for control of spontaneous arrhythmias prior to electrophysiologic study. Standard loading doses of lidocaine were given intravenously followed by 2 mg/min infusions for 79.5 +/- 6.5 hours. Electrophysiologic studies all started more than 5 half-lives or 7.5 hours after discontinuation of intravenous lidocaine. Local anesthesia with subcutaneous lidocaine (mean 162 +/- 96 mg) was administered in six patients. Plasma concentrations of lidocaine and its metabolites were determined at the termination of the infusion, 2 and 4 hours afterwards, at the start of the electrophysiologic study prior to local anesthesia, and at the end of the study. Levels were also determined at 12 and 24 hours after discontinuation of the infusion. Mean plasma concentrations of lidocaine, MEGX, and GX at the start of the study were 1.02, 0.86, and 0.62 micrograms/ml, respectively. These had increased to 2.78, 0.92, and 0.68 by the end of the electrophysiologic study. One patient with coronary artery disease and prior out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation had a therapeutic lidocaine level and no inducible arrhythmia at the time of the initial study. At a subsequent electrophysiologic study, no lidocaine or metabolites were detected in the serum and ventricular fibrillation was induced. Thus using the reported half-life of 90 minutes and discontinuing lidocaine 5 half-lives prior to electrophysiologic evaluation does not ensure lack of electrophysiologic effects of the parent compound or its metabolites. Lidocaine given for local anesthesia further increases lidocaine and metabolite levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Tufts/New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Manolis
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Greenblatt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garan
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Ruskin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; C001306:glycinexylidide; C001173:monoethylglycinexylidide