title: Pulsed-spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis: preliminary clinical results.
abstract: Pulsed-spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis was used to treat 41 patients with 47 complete thrombotic occlusions of hemodialysis grafts (n = 29), arterial bypass grafts (n = 10), or peripheral native arteries (n = 8). The procedure involves the use of small pulses of highly concentrated urokinase, which are forcefully sprayed throughout the thrombus during systemic heparinization. Virtually complete lysis was achieved in 46 of 47 occlusions. In the 46 thrombi that lysed, mean time for completion of lysis was 63 +/- 35 min and initial partial return of flow required 26 +/- 18 min. Complications included small peripheral emboli in one treated bypass graft (which cleared promptly after further pulse-spray therapy) and bleeding in three cases (one case of hematoma in the infused field at the site of recent surgery, one case of bilateral hematomas at the femoral puncture site, and one minor delayed self-limited gastrointestinal hemorrhage). Results to date suggest that the pulsed-spray pharmacomechanical method augments the speed, consistency, safety, and cost efficacy of clinical thrombolysis. Further study is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego 92103.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bookstein
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fellmeth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Valji
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Machado
mesh_terms: D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013594:Syringes; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D006493:Heparin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator