title: Renal failure caused by long-term use of a germanium preparation as an elixir.
abstract: Two Japanese women and one Japanese man, who had been taking the same germanium preparation, mainly containing inorganic germanium, as an elixir for health almost every day at 90 mg of germanium per day for 6 to 20 months, suffered from chronic renal failure. Histological examination of the kidney in one patient showed marked interstitial changes with vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubules. High germanium concentrations were found in hair and nails of the three patients, but no germanium was detected in hair or nails of normal persons. These results suggest that long-term use of a germanium preparation at high dosage can cause serious renal tubular damage and renal failure due to germanium toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okagawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morizumi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005857:Germanium / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D005857:Germanium