title: Ecology of passive smoking by young infants.
abstract: This study provides a detailed description of passive smoking by 433 infants (mean age 18 days) enrolled from a representative population of healthy neonates in central North Carolina during 1986 and 1987. Sixty-four percent (276) lived in households with smokers or had contact with nonhousehold smokers. During the week before data collection, two thirds (184) of these 276 infants reportedly had tobacco smoke produced in their presence. Seventy-five percent of smoking mothers smoked near their infants. The amount smoked by the mother near the infant correlated with the amount smoked near the infant by nonmaternal smokers. Cotinine, an indicator of smoke absorption, was found in the urine of 60% (258) of all study infants. The amount smoked in the infant's presence, as well as the amount smoked farther away from the infant, especially by the mother, were the most significant correlates of the urine cotinine concentration. The results of this study suggest that efforts to reduce passive smoking in young infants should emphasize the importance of the mother's smoking behavior, smoke produced anywhere in the home, and household social influences on smoking behavior near the infant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Strecher
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kleinbaum
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Haley
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Stedman
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Loda
mesh_terms: D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine*; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000652:urine*; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000652:urine*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012907:Smoking; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine