title: The occurrence of ectopic pregnancy with and without clomiphene citrate use in assisted and nonassisted reproductive technology.
abstract: An eleven-year review of treatment records of patients who became pregnant as a result of infertility treatment (n = 3692) was conducted. All records were examined to determine whether clomiphene citrate (CC) was used in the cycle of conception and whether or not an ectopic pregnancy occurred. Data were additionally analyzed for the incidence of ectopic pregnancy with and without assisted reproductive technology (ART). The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was similar between CC (3.4%) and non-CC (3.4%) treatment groups receiving non-ART treatment. For non-ART treatments, tubal disease and severe endometriosis resulted in an increase in ectopic pregnancies independent of CC use. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy in patients receiving CC + human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for in vitro fertilization (5.4%) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (3.1%) was similar compared to ART treatments with hMG alone. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was more closely associated with infertility diagnosis rather than CC use.
authors.affiliation: Fertility Institute of New Orleans, Louisiana 70128.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dickey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matis
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Olar
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Curole
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000188:drug therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011274:Pregnancy, Tubal / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology; D012099:Reproductive Techniques; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D002996:Clomiphene