Self development and self-conscious emotions.
In each of 2 studies, the mirror-rouge technique was used to differentiate children into those who showed self-recognition and those who did not. In Study 1, 27 children (aged 9-24 months) were observed in 2 experimental situations thought to differentially elicit fear and embarrassment behaviors. In Study 2, 44 children (aged 22 months) were seen in the situations of Study 1 and 3 additional contexts thought to elicit embarrassment behavior. The results of both studies indicate that embarrassment but not wariness was related to self-recognition.
Lewis
M
M
Institute for the Study of Child Development, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick 08903-0019.
Sullivan
M W
MW
Stanger
C
C
Weiss
M
M
D004644:Emotions; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D010553:Personality Development; D012649:Self Concept; D012931:Social Environment