title: [Energy imparted and effective dose equivalent in radiographic examination using panoramic and intraoral film techniques: a survey].
abstract: Studies of energy imparted (mJ) and effective dose equivalents (mu Sv) following rotational panoramic radiography and intraoral full mouth surveys from the past 10 years are reviewed (Tables 1 and 2). Energy and dose values are compared. Factors influencing energy imparted and effective dose equivalents are discussed (measuring techniques, calculation principles, generator, kilovoltage, filtration and half-value layer, irradiated field, collimation, intensifying screens, film sensitivity, focus to object distance, sex and age of patients, inaccurate technical specifications, individual x-ray unit characteristics). In general it is concluded that one panoramic examination means less energy imparted to the patient and a lower effective dose equivalent than an intraoral full mouth survey. However, a number af factors are of influence, and the change of a single factor may have a dramatic effect and reverse the situation. When comparing individual cases all factors of known influence must be considered and general conclusions cannot be applicated without reservations.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sewerin
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic
vernacular_title: Strålebelastning ved røntgenundersogelse med panoramateknik og med intraorale dentalfilm--en oversigt.