title: Effect of heparin-PVA hydrogel on platelets in a chronic canine arterio-venous shunt.
abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel, with or without heparin, was reactive towards canine platelets in a chronic arteriovenous shunt as demonstrated by an increase in platelet regeneration time, a systemic decrease in platelet count and transient decrease in platelet serotonin content. Immobilized heparin (heparin-PVA) had no effect whereas unmodified polyethylene was found to be unreactive despite similar levels of platelet deposition as measured by SEM and a higher in vitro reactivity (J. Biomed. Mater. Res., this issue). Twenty-centimeter lengths of hydrogel coated polyethylene tubing were inserted between the arterial and venous portions of the shunt and left in place for 4-6 days, without the complicating artifacts of anticoagulation, anesthesia, or surgical intervention. Regeneration time was measured as the return to normal platelet cyclooxygenase (co) activity after a single 240-mg dose of aspirin, with co activity measured in vitro as malondialdehyde production. Although measuring new platelet production, regeneration time is an indirect measure of platelet consumption, so that the reduced regeneration time seen here was presumed to reflect enhanced material associated consumption and thromboembolism. Like other hydrogels, PVA does not appear to be "thromboadherent" but it does appear thrombogenic. Immobilized heparin had no additional effect, presumably because the platelet response was dominated by the reactivity of the underlying substrate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cholakis
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zingg
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sefton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004285:Dogs; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008954:Models, Biological; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects; D010976:Platelet Count; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D012701:Serotonin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C058382:heparin-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel; D012701:Serotonin; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D006493:Heparin