title: Effects of ingestive mastication on particle dimensions and weight distribution of coastal bermudagrass hay fed to steers at four levels.
abstract: Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) hay was fed in the long form to four ruminally cannulated steers to evaluate the effects of intake level on the physical reduction of feed particles during ingestive mastication. The experimental design was a 4 x 4 latin square with 18-d periods. Treatments based on previous intakes were set at 50, 70, 90 and 110% of feed consumed per animal and fed at 12-h intervals. Boli of ingested, masticated hay were collected at the cardia and separated by wet-sieving into fragments retained on sieves of .0027 to 4.0 mm (mesh aperture). In addition, particles retained on the 4.0-mm and 2.0-mm sieves were scanned by image analysis. Ingestive mastication resulted in a linear decrease (P less than .05) in the proportion of boli particles retained on the top (4.0-mm) sieve and linear increases on the 2.0- (P less than .02), 1.0- (P less than .06) and .25-mm (P less than .06) sieves with increasing level of intake. Sixteen to 21% of the ingested hay particles passed through a 1.0-mm sieve. Mean particle size, as determined by sieving data, decreased linearly (P less than .05) as feeding level increased. Image analysis showed no differences in length (L) or width (W) of particles retained on the 4.0- and 2.0-mm sieves as feeding level increased, but L/W decreased linearly (P less than .05) on both sieves. The frequency of jaw movements following feeding was very similar across feeding levels and averaged 71.3 chews/min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anim. Sci. North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Luginbuhl
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Pond
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Russ
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication; D010316:Particle Size; D006109:Poaceae