title: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 enhances the suppression of human hematopoiesis by tumor necrosis factor-alpha or recombinant interferon-alpha.
abstract: The effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on human hematopoiesis were evaluated in combination with two other regulatory cytokines, namely, recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and recombinant human interferon-alpha (rIFN-alpha). Combinations of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 resulted in a synergistic suppression of colony formation by erythroid progenitor cells (BFU-E) and an additive suppression of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and multipotential (CFU-GEMM) progenitor cells. In addition, TGF-beta 1 synergized with rIFN-alpha to suppress CFU-GM formation, while the combined suppressive effects of both cytokines on CFU-GEMM and BFU-E were additive. When TGF-beta 1 was tested with TNF-alpha or IFN-alpha on granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-stimulated bone marrow cells in a 5-day proliferation assay, the antiproliferative effects of TGF-beta 1 and TNF-alpha were additive, while those with TGF-beta 1 and rIFN-alpha were synergistic. A similar pattern was seen in the suppression of the myeloblastic cell line KG-1 where TGF-beta 1 in combination with TNF-alpha resulted in an additive suppression while inhibition by TGF-beta 1 and IFN-alpha was synergistic. These results demonstrate for the first time the cooperative effects between TGF-beta and TNF-alpha and IFN-alpha in the suppression of hematopoietic cell growth, raising the possibility that TGF-beta might be used in concert with TNF-alpha or IFN-alpha in the treatment of various myeloproliferative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research Facility, Maryland 21701.
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Sing
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ellingsworth
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Ruscetti
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007942:Leukemia, Experimental / Q000473:pathology; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000473:pathology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors