title: New philosophies in control of laser hazards in the outdoors.
abstract: In 1969, the first laser safety guidance was published by the U.S. Army. Since that time, the approach to the analysis of potential laser hazards has changed in some ways, such as in the determination of appropriate exposure limits, in the use of optical viewing aids, and in regard to atmospheric attenuation. Approaches have not changed in regard to other factors, such as atmospheric scintillation and the use of probability. The author discusses the philosophy behind the changes and also discusses "eye-safe" lasers.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency, Laser Microwave Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5422.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Franks
mesh_terms: D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008889:Military Personnel; D012449:Safety; D014481:United States