title: Acute effects of sulfur dioxide exposure on the middle ear mucosa.
abstract: A variety of atmospheric pollutants are known to depress mucociliary function in the respiratory system. Since the mucociliary function in the middle ear is similar, and the middle ear may be invaded by atmospheric pollutants, we decided to investigate the possible contribution of sulfur dioxide to middle ear effusion. Guinea pigs were exposed for 24 hours to 300 ppm of sulfur dioxide or air. Immediately after exposure, ciliary activity and epithelial structure were examined close to the tympanic orifice (proximal site) and more distal to it (distal site). In the animals exposed to sulfur dioxide, no effusion was found in the tympanic cavity. Ciliary activity was reduced only in the distal site. Electron microscopy demonstrated hypersecretion in the proximal site and severe pathologic changes in the distal site. Although the normally functioning cilia in the proximal site may prevent retention of surplus secretions in the ear, sulfur dioxide may promote middle ear effusion when combined with other detrimental factors, because it stimulates mucus secretion in the proximal site and impairs ciliary function in the distal site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka City, University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koshimo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Esaki
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000139:chemically induced; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D013458:Sulfur Dioxide