title: An erythroid-specific, developmental-stage-independent enhancer far upstream of the human "beta-like globin" genes.
abstract: We have identified an erythroid-specific enhancer element far upstream of the human "beta-like globin" genes, at 10.2-11.0 kilobases 5' of the embryonic epsilon-globin gene, and thus at 53-54 kilobases 5' of the adult beta-globin gene. It is capable of enhancing the expression of a cis-linked test gene by up to 300-fold. This enhancer element is apparently developmental-stage-independent, as it is functional at the embryonic and the adult developmental stages in erythroid cells that are expressing the respective beta-like globin genes. The enhancer and globin promoter sequences work in synergy and are capable of conferring on a cis-linked gene the high transcriptional efficiency (enhancer function), erythroid specificity (enhancer and promoter functions), and developmental-stage specificity (promoter function) that are characteristic of the in vivo transcription of the beta-like globin genes in erythroid cells.
authors.affiliation: Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139.
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Tuan
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: London
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D004920:Erythropoiesis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D015183:Restriction Mapping
chemical_list: D005914:Globins