title: Behavioral treatment of essential hypertension: a comparison between cognitive therapy and biofeedback of heart rate.
abstract: The efficacy and the mechanisms of action of two behavioral treatments for essential hypertension were compared: cognitive group therapy for anger control and biofeedback for heart rate control. The cognitive therapy aimed at lowering the "general anger" level and helping overt expression of "anger out;" heart rate biofeedback aimed at slowing heart rate in stress situations. Ninety-seven essential hypertensive patients were randomly assigned to three groups; after 20 dropouts, 77 patients fully participated in the study: cognitive treatment (N = 30), biofeedback (N = 27), and control (no treatment, N = 20). The treatments were held in 17 weekly sessions; during treatment, blood pressure was measured once a month, and during follow-up after 1 and 6 months. The anger level and heart rate control were assessed at the beginning and the end of treatment. The main results were: 1) a significant decrease of blood pressure for both treatments as compared with control, 2) a significant decrease of blood pressure with heart rate biofeedback as compared with cognitive therapy, and 3) a better control in anger achieved with cognitive therapy and a lesser control in heart rate as compared with biofeedback.
authors.affiliation: Outpatient Mental Clinic, Gehah Psychiatric Hospital, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Achmon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golomb
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hart
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D001143:Arousal; D001242:Assertiveness; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods*; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011340:Problem Solving