title: The interaction of nitrous oxide and isoflurane with incomplete cerebral ischemia in the rat.
abstract: In rats with incomplete cerebral ischemia the effects of 70% N2O alone, isoflurane alone (0.5 and 1 MAC), and the combination of N2O + isoflurane on neurologic outcome, neurohistopathology, and EEG were compared. Moderate and severe ischemia were produced by right carotid artery occlusion combined with hemorrhagic hypotension (moderate ischemia, MAP = 30 mmHg, FIO2 = 0.30; severe ischemia, MAP = 25 mmHg, FIO2 = 0.20). Neurologic outcome was evaluated using a graded deficit score from 0 to 5 (0 = normal, 5 = death associated with stroke), and neurohistopathology was evaluated using a 40-point scale from 0 = normal to 40 = total hemisphere infarct at the level of the caudate nucleus in coronal section. Compared with N2O alone, isoflurane (0.5 and 1 MAC) improved neurologic outcome following moderate ischemia (P less than 0.05). Isoflurane also decreased histopathologic damage following moderate ischemia (N2O control = 33 +/- 1 vs. 0.5 MAC isoflurane = 11 +/- 4 and 1 MAC isoflurane = 12 +/- 3, P less than 0.05), whereas only 0.5 MAC isoflurane decreased histopathologic damage following severe ischemia (N2O control = 38 +/- 1 vs. 0.5 MAC isoflurane = 25 +/- 5; P less than 0.05) Adding N2O to 0.5 MAC isoflurane attenuated the neurologic protective effect of isoflurane alone and increased histopathologic damage following both moderate and severe ischemia (moderate = 23 +/- 5, severe = 37 +/- 2; both P greater than 0.05 compared with N2O controls). The effect of adding 70% N2O to isoflurane on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxygen consumption(CMRO2) was also evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60616.
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Baughman
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Miletich
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004569:Electroencephalography; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D007530:Isoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide