title: Hepatitis D virus infection in Illinois state facilities for the developmentally disabled. Epidemiology and clinical manifestations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of hepatitis D virus infection in an institutionalized population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study of hepatitis B carriers with and without serologic evidence of hepatitis D virus infection. Demographic, institutional, and medical data were obtained through questionnaires and chart review. Clinical status was assessed by liver function assays.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen Illinois state facilities for the developmentally disabled.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clients (238) who were hepatitis B carriers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibody to hepatitis D virus (anti-HDV) was detected in 71 of 238 (30%) hepatitis B carriers. Nine of thirteen facilities housed positive clients. Previous residence at one facility, designated B, was the strongest correlate of anti-HDV positivity; 85% of positive persons had lived there compared with 16% of negative controls (odds ratio 28.3 [95% CI, 13.2 to 60.7], P less than 0.001). Past hepatitis episodes were more common among anti-HDV-positive clients (37% compared with 7%) (odds ratio, 7.5 [95% CI, 3.0 to 19.1], P less than 0.001) and occurred mainly at facility B from 1950 to 1975. Liver function tests were infrequently abnormal among anti-HDV-positive clients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results show widespread hepatitis D virus infection in our institutionalized population and suggest that transmission occurred mainly in the past at the overcrowded facility B. The low prevalence of laboratory evidence of chronic liver disease in the anti-HDV-positive clients may be explained by increased mortality among those originally infected from 1950 to 1975.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hershow
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Chomel
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Schyve
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hadler
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003699:Hepatitis D / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D012112:Residential Facilities; D012307:Risk Factors