title: Cyclosporine induces abnormal facial bone growth in children: a preliminary study.
abstract: Using cephalometric radiography, facial bony structure of a group of pediatric renal transplant recipients immunosuppressed with cyclosporine (CsA) and prednisone was studied and compared with a control group of children. A pattern of abnormal facial growth was demonstrated on cephalometry in eight of nine transplant recipients receiving CsA. The abnormalities included shortening of posterior facial height and increased anterior facial height with a deep mandibular plane angle. There was also an absolute shortening in the mandibular body and mandibular retrognathia. These findings may be consistent with inhibition of mandibular condylar growth inhibiting the anteroinferior growth of the mandible. Similar changes were present in two children with end-stage renal disease and none of the remaining nine control patients (P less than 0.01, chi-squared analysis). The affected area appears to be the lower third of the face. The role of CsA in affecting facial bony growth in children needs to be evaluated further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Reznik
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mendoza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003524:Cyclosporins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D003524:Cyclosporins; D011241:Prednisone