title: A ready-to-use activated charcoal mixture. Adsorption studies in vitro and in dogs: its influence on the intestinal secretion of theophylline in a rat model.
abstract: A practical, ready-to-use preparation of activated charcoal (AZU mixture) for application in toxicology has been formulated. To establish its efficacy, the formulation was tested in vitro and in dogs. The in vitro adsorption capacity was compared to that of freshly prepared charcoal suspension in water (CW) and to Carbomix. Langmuir adsorption coefficients demonstrated small but clinically insignificant differences in adsorption capacity between the preparations. The laxative sodium sulfate did not reduce the adsorption capacity of charcoal in vitro. Dogs were given 60 mg of paracetamol per kg as an oral solution followed by 5 g of activated charcoal preparation. The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (control 2955 +/- 353 mg.min-1.l-1) was significantly reduced following CW (921 +/- 453) and AZU (786 +/- 270). The premixed AZU charcoal formulation is efficacious, inexpensive and overcomes the problems of bed-side preparation. An isolated vascularly perfused rat small intestine can be used to describe the effect of activated charcoal on the intestinal secretion of theophylline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rademaker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kadir
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Glerum
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002606:Charcoal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D051381:Rats; D013806:Theophylline / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal; D000082:Acetaminophen; D013806:Theophylline