title: The interior of a whole and unmodified biological object--the zymogen granule--viewed with a high-resolution X-ray microscope.
abstract: We report the ability of focused soft X-rays to visualize at spatial resolution well beyond that of the optical microscope (less than 100 nm) the interior of a small, whole biological object without fixation, staining, dehydration or sectioning. Quantitative estimation of its protein content with unique femtogram sensitivity is also reported. The present results represent a significant step towards the goals of natural imaging and chemical mapping of biological structures with soft X-rays.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iskander
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Attwood
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vladimirsky
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McQuaid
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grendell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ade
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: McNulty
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors