title: Vesicoureteral reflux and voiding dysfunction: a prospective study.
abstract: We prospectively studied 53 young children (45 less than 4 years old) between 1985 and 1988 with primary vesicoureteral reflux (grades I to V, 74 ureters). All patients had elevated bladder pressures during bladder filling and/or voiding on urodynamic evaluation, which sometimes were associated with abnormal perineal muscle activity. Baclofen, flavoxate, dicyclomine and diazepam were given individually or in combination for each type of dysfunction for 12 to 30 months. Reflux disappeared in 68 ureters (91.8 per cent) and it was downgraded in 6 (8.2 per cent). Urodynamic evaluation at the end of treatment revealed normal bladder pressures in 46 children (83.7 per cent of the ureters in which reflux resolved). Another group of 48 children with primary vesicoureteral reflux (grades I to IV, 67 ureters) seen between 1980 and 1985 was reviewed retrospectively. All patients had been treated with prophylactic antibiotics only. Reflux resolved in 53.7 per cent of the ureters, and it was downgraded in 19.4 per cent, unchanged in 22.4 per cent and upgraded in 4.5 per cent. Urodynamic studies performed in 1985 showed that all persistent cases of reflux in the retrospective group had urodynamic findings similar to those found in the prospective group. These data suggest that vesicoperineal incoordination as well as bladder instability can be important factors in causing and perpetuating reflux, and that medical treatment of these factors individually or in combination may affect therapeutic perspectives of this pathological condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Santa Maria, Universidade Classica de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seruca
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014563:Urodynamics; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy