title: Movement disorders and depression due to flunarizine and cinnarizine.
abstract: Over the last few years, cases of movement disorders induced by flunarizine and cinnarizine have been increasingly reported. We describe a series of 101 patients, whose ages ranged from 37 to 84 years (mean 69.1), developing abnormal movements frequently associated with depression, secondary to treatment with either or both drugs. Symptoms closely resembled those induced by neuroleptic drugs and remitted on drug discontinuance in all but five cases after 5-22 months' follow-up. Whether or not such undesirable side effects are attributable to calcium antagonism and/or dopamine receptor blockade, long-term treatment with flunarizine or cinnarizine should be discouraged, particularly in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Micheli
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pardal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giannaula
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gatto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Parera
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paradiso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pikielny
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pardal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002936:Cinnarizine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003863:Depression / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D004421:Dystonia / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005444:Flunarizine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced; D014202:Tremor / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D002936:Cinnarizine; D005444:Flunarizine