title: Can a rapidly-eliminated hypnotic cause daytime anxiety?
abstract: To test further the conclusions of preliminary reports that regular use of a rapidly-eliminated hypnotic might cause daytime anxiety, 82 women and 38 men, mean age 53, who claimed to be poor sleepers, took a capsule nightly for 45 nights. On 25 consecutive nights the capsule contained triazolam 0.5 mg (40 subjects), lormetazepam 2 mg (40 subjects) or continued placebo (40 subjects). Both drugs improved sleep, but compared with placebo or lormetazepam-takers, triazolam-takers became more anxious on self-ratings, were judged more often to have had a bad response by an observer, more often wrote down complaints of distress, and suffered weight loss. After about 10 days of regular triazolam they tended to develop panics and depression, felt unreal, and sometimes paranoid. The very short life of triazolam, leading to daytime withdrawal symptoms, may account for some of the observations, but enhancement of benzodiazepine inverse agonist activity is also hypothesized.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oswald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004325:Dreams / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D014229:Triazolam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D014229:Triazolam; C023842:lormetazepam; D008140:Lorazepam