title: Morphological changes in putrefactive anaerobe 3679 (Clostridium sporogenes) induced by sorbate, hydrochloric acid, and nitrite.
abstract: Putrefactive anaerobe 3679 (Clostridium sporogenes), a gram-positive bacterium, was examined by light and electron microscopy during normal growth and in a medium containing sorbate (50 mM, pH 6.5), hydrochloric acid (pH of medium adjusted from 7 to 5 with HCl), or nitrite (1 mM, pH 7). During the early exponential growth phase, untreated cells were filamentous and nonseptate, but became septate later and divided when the culture entered the stationary phase. Untreated short and filamentous cells had a double-layered cell wall. Sorbate-treated cells were usually filamentous and nonseptate, but with distorted shapes characterized by numerous bends and bulges. Septation, when present, resulted in minicells. The inner cell wall appeared to be thickened and the outer wall was absent in many areas. Acid-treated cells were similar to sorbate-treated cells but contained septa. Considerable cellular debris was present in the suspension. Nitrite-treated cells were also filamentous, bent, and bulged but the cell wall appeared normal. Considerable cellular debris was also present in suspensions of nitrite-treated cells. Changes in morphology are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms of cell growth regulation and the inhibitory action of sorbate, acid, and nitrite.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96822.
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Ronning
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003013:Clostridium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003470:Culture Media; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009573:Nitrites / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013011:Sorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D009573:Nitrites; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D013011:Sorbic Acid