title: Encephalitis, proventricular and ventricular myositis, and myenteric ganglioneuritis in an umbrella cockatoo.
abstract: Myenteric ganglioneuritis and encephalomyelitis were diagnosed in an umbrella cockatoo. The cockatoo exhibited clinical signs that were milder than those associated with this syndrome, such as anorexia, muscle wasting, regurgitation, depression, and changes in fecal consistency. The gross lesions also differed from earlier reports in that only the duodenum and proximal jejunum were grossly dilated. Normally the proventriculus and ventriculus are dilated without visible intestinal changes. The histopathological lesions, however, such as perivascular cuffs in the brain stem and muscular mass of the ventriculus and proventriculus, were similar to earlier reports. A virus was suspected, although transmission and isolation of a virus has not occurred in other reports and was not attempted in this case.
authors.affiliation: Avicultural Breeding and Research Center, Loxahatchee, Florida 33470.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Joyner
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kock
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Styles
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D009220:Myositis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009443:Neuritis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011531:Proventriculus / Q000473:pathology; D011563:Psittaciformes; D013270:Stomach / Q000473:pathology; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*