title: [Renoscopy and ureteroscopy].
abstract: The main indication for renoscopy is percutaneous removal of concrements from the pyelocaliceal system (percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, PNL). Today, following the introduction of extra-corporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), PNL is still used for the treatment of staghorn stones. During ureteroscopy (URS), which is more frequently used, the ureter is examined retrogradely by a rigid instrument. Previously untreated ureteral stones and "steinstrasse" following ESWL can be successfully removed in one session. Since these techniques are invasive and require at least regional anesthesia, they are rarely used for diagnostic purposes only (e.g. ureteral stenosis of unknown origin, tumor biopsy).
authors.affiliation: Urologische Klinik, Universitätsspital Zürich.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Knönagel
mesh_terms: D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*
vernacular_title: Renoskopie und Ureteroskopie.