title: Genetic analysis of the human tumor necrosis factor alpha/cachectin promoter region in a macrophage cell line.
abstract: The 615-bp 5' flanking region of the human TNF-alpha/cachectin gene was isolated and ligated to the luciferase reporter gene. In addition, a series of truncated promoter constructs was generated by exonuclease III digestion. The promoter activity of these constructs was studied in a transient transfection system using the TNF-alpha-producing U937 cell line. Full-length and truncated TNF promoter constructions extending from -615 to -95 bp relative to the transcription start site (TSS) could be induced by phorbol esters. A construct truncated to within 36 bp of the TSS (and within 11 bp of the TATAA box) was inactive. Therefore, the phorbol ester responsive is localized in the TNF/cachectin promoter to a relatively short region proximal to the TATAA box.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Clinic, Armand Hammer Laboratories, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Economou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rhoades
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Essner
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gasson
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Morton
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D005796:Genes; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008156:Luciferases