title: Maternal cocaine use during early pregnancy as a risk factor for congenital urogenital anomalies.
abstract: To study the association of maternal cocaine use during early pregnancy with the occurrence of congenital urogenital anomalies, we analyzed data from the population-based Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study. We identified 276 and 791 case-babies with urinary and genital anomalies, respectively, who were live born and stillborn to residents of metropolitan Atlanta from 1968 through 1980. There were 2835 and 2973 respective control-babies born without birth defects randomly selected through birth certificates. Maternal cocaine use during early pregnancy was defined as reported use at any time from 1 month before the pregnancy began through the first 3 months of pregnancy. We found a statistically significant association of reported cocaine use with an increased risk for urinary tract defects (crude odds ratio, 4.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 17.24) and no statistically significant association with genital organ defects (odds ratio, 2.26; confidence interval, 0.67 to 7.62). The findings from this study were consistent with a previously reported association of maternal cocaine use and urinary tract anomalies in animal and clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Chávez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mulinare
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cordero
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D003042:Cocaine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D013997:Time Factors; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine