title: Intractable orbicularis myokymia: treatment alternatives.
abstract: Orbicularis myokymia frequently occurs in young, otherwise health individuals. The intermittent muscle fasciculations are transient and generally disappear with time. If the myokymia is persistent or progressive, neurologic assessment and investigation may be necessary. Muscle relaxants, botulinum-A toxin, and surgical myectomy are methods of treatment that only occasionally need to be considered. We present limited orbicularis myectomy and botulinum-A toxin injections as efficacious treatments in five selected intractable cases of orbicularis myokymia.
authors.affiliation: Oculoplastic Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Thiese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005207:Fasciculation / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins