title: Screening and confirmation of drugs in horse urine by using a simple column extraction procedure.
abstract: A simple and reproducible column (Clean Screen-DAU, copolymeric bonded-phase silica column) extraction procedure has been described for the screening and confirmation of drugs in horse urine. The recovery of drugs by the column extraction was better than or comparable to the recovery by the liquid-liquid extraction, which is commonly used in the equine analytical laboratories. The column extraction provided broad coverage of drugs, separated extracts into three fractions (acidic/neutral, steroids, basic), produced a cleaner extract, and eliminated the need for special liquid-liquid extraction procedures for different drugs. The column extract was cleaner and did not contain impurities, whereas, the liquid-liquid extract was relatively impure and the extract required further thin-layer chromatographic cleanup. The column extraction procedure was used to confirm the presence of several potent drugs, such as fentanyl, etorphine, and mazindol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Granley
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D005048:Etorphine / Q000652:urine; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000652:urine; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006736:Horses / Q000652:urine*; D008454:Mazindol / Q000652:urine; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000652:urine; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000652:urine*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D005048:Etorphine; D008694:Methamphetamine; D008454:Mazindol; D005283:Fentanyl