title: Pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine following intraoperative intercostal nerve block in neonates and in infants aged less than 6 months.
abstract: Pharmacokinetics and blood concentrations of bupivacaine were studied after intercostal nerve blocks were performed intraoperatively using 1.5 mg.kg-1 in 11 neonates (age 0-28 days) and 11 infants between age 1 and 6 months. The study aimed to provide pharmacokinetic data that are limited in these age groups, and to identify any adverse effects of intercostal nerve block in infancy. Arterial blood samples were taken at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min. Whole blood bupivacaine was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Peak blood concentrations were attained within 10 min in 18 of 22 subjects, and were 087 micrograms.ml-1 [corrected] +/- 0.56 micrograms.ml-1 (mean and SD) and 0.91 +/- 0.27 micrograms.ml-1 in neonates and infants, respectively. Pharmacokinetic variables in the two groups included elimination half-life (t1/2 beta): 132 +/- 59 min and 102 +/- 39 min; steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss): 2.56 +/- 0.76 l.kg-1 and 2.17 +/- 0.17 l.kg-1; and total body clearance (Clt): 16.93 +/- 9.32 ml.min-1.kg-1 and 15.71 +/- 6.99 ml.min-1.kg-1. There was no statistically significant difference between neonates and infants with regard to any of these parameters. Patients were further divided into those with acyanotic and cyanotic disease. Cyanotic infants were significantly heavier than acyanotic infants (P less than 0.05), but no other differences were demonstrated. No adverse effects resulting from the technique were identified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Liverpool Hospital, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bricker
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Telford
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Booker
mesh_terms: D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007367:Intercostal Nerves; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block; D013900:Thoracic Nerves; D013908:Thoracotomy
chemical_list: D002045:Bupivacaine