title: Increased chromosome fragility as a consequence of blood folate levels, smoking status, and coffee consumption.
abstract: Chromosome fragility in 96 h, low-folate cultures was found to be associated with smoking status, coffee consumption, and blood folate level. The higher proportion of cells with chromosome aberrations in cigarette smokers was attributable to lower red cell folate levels in smokers compared with nonsmokers. There was a positive linear relationship between the average cups of coffee consumed per day and the proportion of cells with aberrations. This association was independent of the effects of smoking and red cell folate level. These data suggest that smoking history, coffee consumption, and red cell folate level are important considerations for the design and interpretation of fragile site studies in cancer cytogenetics.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Reidy
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Annest
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Welty
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D043283:Chromosome Fragile Sites; D002873:Chromosome Fragility; D003069:Coffee; D004326:Drinking; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D005492:Folic Acid