title: Load sharing and graft forces in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions with the Ligament Augmentation Device.
abstract: Buckle transducers were used to directly measure load sharing and overall force in three segment (semitendinosus, gracilis, Ligament Augmentation Device) and two segment (patellar tendon, LAD) composite ACL grafts during the application of anteriorly directed loads to a series of five fresh knee specimens with a pneumatic load apparatus. The total graft forces generated in the two segment and three segment composite reconstructions during this immediate postoperative state were highly variable when compared to the normal ACL in each specimen, and were irreproducible among the five specimens. Load sharing among the graft components occurred and was also variable in both reconstructions, with this variation being greater in the three segment graft. The LAD carried an average of 45% of the total graft force in the three segment graft and 28% in the two segment graft. Further work is required to clarify the source of the variability in the total graft force and load sharing observed in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Lew
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirstukas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000601:surgery*; D008722:Methods; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation; D014159:Transducers; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous