title: N-acetylglucosaminides. A new type of bile acid conjugate in man.
abstract: Bile acids were extracted from human urine and were separated into groups of nonamidated and glycine- and taurine-conjugated compounds. Each group was subfractionated in a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography system, and the fractions were analyzed by negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and also by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after enzymatic removal of glycine and taurine moieties. The major glycosides of the non-amidated bile acids were more polar than reference bile acid glucosides and gave quasimolecular ions at m/z 592, 594, and 610 consistent with N-acetylglucosaminides of unsaturated dihydroxy and saturated di- and trihydroxy bile acids. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of methyl ester trimethylsilyl ether derivatives showed fragments typical for N-acetylglucosaminides (m/z 173 and 186) in addition to those also given by glucosides (m/z 204 and 217). The N-acetylglucosaminides were inert toward alpha- and beta-glucosidase but were cleaved completely with N-acetylglucosaminidase. The released sugar moiety was identified as N-acetylglucosamine. One of the liberated bile acids was identified as ursodeoxycholic acid. The other acids were not identical to any known primary or secondary bile acid in humans. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry analyses of the glycine-and taurine-conjugated bile acid glycosides only showed ions consistent with the presence of glucosides (m/z 626 and 676). These compounds were sensitive only toward beta-glucosidase which liberated a trihydroxy bile acid as the major compound. Based on the recover of 13C- and 14C-labeled chenodeoxycholic acid glucoside added as internal standard, the daily excretion of nonamidated bile acid glycosides was estimated to be about 137 micrograms or 0.29 mumol, N-acetylglucosaminides constituting about 90%. The daily excretion of the glucosides of amidated bile acids was about 150 micrograms or 0.25 mumol, glycine conjugates constituting about 90%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Marschall
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Egestad
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matern
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matern
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sjövall
mesh_terms: D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000652:urine*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000652:urine; D006000:Glycocholic Acid / Q000652:urine; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D013656:Taurocholic Acid / Q000652:urine; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D005960:Glucosides; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; C060582:ursodeoxycholic acid N-acetylglucosaminide; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid; D006000:Glycocholic Acid; D005944:Glucosamine; D000117:Acetylglucosamine