title: Synthetic lipid second messenger sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol: a complete tumor promoter in mouse skin.
abstract: sn-1,2-Didecanoylglycerol, a synthetic lipid second messenger and model diacylglycerol, was evaluated as a complete skin tumor promoter in CD-1 mice. In addition, sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol, the second stage tumor promoter mezerein, and the complete tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were examined for their ability to stimulate epidermal protein kinase C activity in vitro. All four compounds stimulated epidermal protein kinase C activity utilizing lysine-rich histone as the phosphate acceptor substrate. sn-1,2-Dioctanoylglycerol and sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol stimulated epidermal protein kinase C activity to a maximum velocity similar to that obtained when the enzyme was stimulated with TPA; however, about 1000 times greater concentration of the sn-1,2-diacylglycerols was required. sn-1,2-Didecanoylglycerol was evaluated as a complete skin tumor promoter in CD-1 mice utilizing a dosing regimen demonstrated to produce epidermal hyperplasia. Mice were initiated with 200 nmol 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. One week later the mice received twice daily topical applications of 1 nmol TPA, 2 mumol sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol or 5 mumol sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol, 5 days/week. Additional initiated mice received twice weekly topical applications of 2 or 5 nmol TPA. Initiated mice treated with 5 nmol TPA twice weekly or with 1 nmol TPA twice daily for 5 days/week (cumulative weekly doses of 10 nmol TPA) responded similarly, based on the tumor incidence and the average number of tumors per mouse. Initiated mice treated with 2 or 5 mumol sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol twice daily developed tumors in a dose-dependent manner. Initiated mice treated with 5 mumol sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol twice daily developed many tumors, and at 20 weeks there was a 74% tumor incidence and an average of 6.0 tumors/mouse. At 20 weeks, 24% of the initiated mice treated with 2 mumol sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol twice daily developed tumors, with an average of 1.1 tumors/mouse. Mice which were not initiated but treated twice daily with 5 mumol sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol for 20 weeks did not develop any tumors. These data demonstrate that the representative synthetic lipid second messenger sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol, like TPA, is a complete tumor promoter in DMBA-initiated mouse skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7633.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Smart
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Conney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens; D004075:Diglycerides; D004224:Diterpenes; D005260:Female; D005989:Glycerides; D051379:Mice; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013729:Terpenes; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004075:Diglycerides; D004224:Diterpenes; D005989:Glycerides; D013729:Terpenes; C044295:1,2-dioctanoylglycerol; C044297:1,2-didecanoylglycerol; C011309:mezerein; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate