title: Botulinum toxin: a treatment for facial asymmetry caused by facial nerve paralysis.
abstract: Injury to the frontal or other facial nerve branches can result in an asymmetry that can be very distressful to both patient and surgeon. This is especially true following cosmetic procedures such as rhytidectomy. We propose a means to create temporary symmetry while awaiting the possible return of nerve function. Botulinum neurotoxin causes a muscle paralysis lasting for approximately 3 months, and it is well established as the preferred treatment for blepharospasm. A case is presented in which botulinum toxin type A was injected into the opposite functioning frontalis muscle of a patient with unilateral frontal nerve paralysis. The patient experienced satisfactory relief of the asymmetry caused by onesided forehead wrinkling and brow elevation. Botulinum toxin therapy should be considered for both temporary and permanent facial asymmetries due to facial nerve paralysis as well as spasm.
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mercy General Hospital, Sacramento, Calif.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Berris
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins