title: Multiple concurrent stressors in chicks. 2. Effects on hematologic, body composition, and pathologic traits.
abstract: Effects of multiple concurrent stressors on Hubbard x Hubbard chicks (Days 10 to 17 posthatch) were studied in a 2(6)-factorial experiment employing as treatments aerial ammonia (A, 0 or 125 ppm), beak trimming (B, sham handled or beak trimmed/cauterized), coccidiosis (X, gavage with 0 or 6 x 10(5) sporulated Eimeria acervulina oocysts), intermittent electric shock (E, 0 or between 2.9 and 8.7 mA), heat stress (H, 30.4 or 34.8 C), and continuous noise (N, 80 or 95 dB). Packed-cell volume (PCV) was decreased by X and increased by A and H. A quadratic relationship between PCV and number of simultaneous stressors (order) was detected. Heterophil percentage was increased and lymphocyte percentage decreased by A, E, H, and order. Monocyte percentage was increased by N, eosinophil percentage increased by X, and basophil percentage decreased by A, X, and H. Basophil percentage decreased linearly with increasing order. Whole carcass water percentage was increased by X, chloroform-methanol extract percentage (dry matter) (CME) decreased by X, and CP percentage (dry matter) increased by A. Neither water, CME, nor CP percentage changed in relation to order. Lesion severity did not change in any tissue as stressor order increased. With few exceptions, each stressor affected hematologic, body composition, and pathologic traits in a similar manner whether imposed singly or concurrently with up to five other stressors. The results suggest that in practical production situations, where ordinarily poultry experience more than one stressor at the same time, effects of multiple concurrent unrelated stressors on performance traits can be estimated to a first approximation by summing effects of respective stressors when acting alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia; D000818:Animals; D001502:Beak / Q000473:pathology; D001823:Body Composition; D001834:Body Water / Q000032:analysis; D002645:Chickens; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D004386:Duodenum / Q000473:pathology; D004597:Electroshock / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D009622:Noise; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D011506:Proteins; D000641:Ammonia