title: Right mini-thoracotomy: an adjunct to left subcostal automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation.
abstract: High defibrillation thresholds are encountered in some patients during implantation of the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD). In a consecutive series of 52 patients with AICD implants, 46 had allepicardial implants by left subcostal thoracotomy, and 8 of these patients had thresholds greater than 30 J. Placement of an apicolateral large left ventricular patch and an extrapericardial large right atrial patch electrode through a limited right thoracotomy produced substantial reduction in their thresholds. Especially in patients who have had previous intrapericardial operations, this technique provides a simple solution to the problem of high thresholds.
authors.affiliation: Cora and Webb Mading Department of Surgery and Medicine (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lawrie
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pacifico
mesh_terms: D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006801:Humans; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods*