title: Visceral leishmaniasis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
abstract: In an 8-month period nine patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were diagnosed as having visceral leishmaniasis; all diagnoses were based on cultures (eight from bone marrow and one from the skin). Visceral leishmaniasis developed before full-blown acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in seven patients and at the same time as or after AIDS in the other two patients. Three patients had a history of leishmaniasis. Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings were atypical. Leishmania species were cultured from samples taken from all patients; however, six patients had an insignificant antileishmanial antibody titer and Leishmania amastigotes were not seen in their bone marrow smears. Four isolates were identified by isoenzyme analysis as Leishmania donovani infantum. Five patients died, including two patients who had completed at least one 3-week course of therapy with N-methylglucamine antimoniate. Screening should be done for visceral leishmaniasis in patients with HIV infection who live or travel in areas where the disease is endemic. The diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis may frequently be missed if cultures are not done.
authors.affiliation: Hospital General Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berenguer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cercenado
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bernaldo de Quirós
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García de la Fuente
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouza
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012698:Serologic Tests; D013030:Spain; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; D008536:Meglumine; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate