title: Comparative carcinogenicity of two structurally similar phenylenediamine dyes (HC blue no. 1 and HC blue no. 2) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.
abstract: Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 2 structurally-related p-phenylenediamines, HC Blue No. 1, and HC Blue No. 2 were conducted by administering each chemical in feed for 103 weeks to both sexes of Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3F1 (C57BL/6N x C3H/HEN) mice. Diets containing 0, 1500, or 3000 ppm HC Blue 1 were fed to male and female rats and male mice; female mice received diets with 0, 3000, or 6000 ppm. Diets containing 0, 5000, or 10,000 ppm HC Blue 2 were fed to male rats and mice and the females received diets containing 0, 10,000 or 20,000 ppm. These concentrations were compatible with long-term growth and survival. The results demonstrated substantial differences in the neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions caused by these structural analogs. HC Blue 2 caused histocytosis in lungs and hyperostosis of the skull in rats, and splenic hematopoiesis, fibrous osteodystrophy, and hyperostosis of the skull in mice. These non-neoplastic lesions were not observed in rats or mice treated with HC Blue 1. Contrasting, in male and female mice, HC Blue 1 produced dose-related increases in the incidences of both adenomas and carcinomas of the liver. HC Blue 1 produced a marginally positive trend in hepatocellular nodules and carcinomas in male rats and dose-related increases in hyperplasias and neoplasms of the lungs in female rats. In contrast, there was no evidence of carcinogenicity for HC Blue 2 in either sex of rats or mice, despite the fact that it was administered 3-5 times the dose of the HC Blue 1. Since these 2 nitroaromatic compounds differ only in the methyl vs. 2-hydroxyethyl substituent on the secondary amine of ring carbon 4, the great discordance in their carcinogenicity is most probably due to side group-directed alteration in their metabolic profiles.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences/National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Kari
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Mennear
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farnell
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Huff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D010655:Phenylenediamines; C007906:N-methylamino-2-nitro-4-N',N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminobenzene; C053869:HC Blue No. 2