title: The antiparkinsonian actions and pharmacokinetics of transdermal (+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine (+PHNO): preliminary results.
abstract: (+)-4-Propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine (+PHNO) is a potent dopamine agonist that has been administered transdermally to four patients with Parkinson's disease and "on-off" fluctuations. Skin patches of increasing size were used to treat these patients, who also received infrequent doses of oral levodopa if required. The effect of +PHNO was measured as an increased duration of action of individual levodopa doses. The clinical effect measured in this way was directly proportional to the plasma concentrations of +PHNO achieved. The plasma concentrations of +PHNO began to rise 4-6 h after patch application and reached a steady state by 24 h. The final plasma concentration of +PHNO was proportional to the area of skin covered.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, London, U.K.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Loper
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Bondi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hichens
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Marsden
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000187:drug effects; D010078:Oxazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D010078:Oxazines; C042631:naxagolide; D007980:Levodopa