title: Assessment of AlbuSure and its usefulness in identifying IDDM subjects at increased risk for developing clinical diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: This study, which included 154 participants in a 10-yr follow-up study of diabetes complications, was conducted to evaluate AlbuSure (a qualitative test designed to detect urinary albumin concentrations greater than 0.03 g/L) for its ability to discriminate between albumin concentrations above and below the manufacturer's concentration threshold and to identify individuals at increased risk for developing diabetic nephropathy (i.e., those with albumin excretion rate [AER] greater than 0.0288 g/24 h). The reproducibility of AlbuSure results was also evaluated. The results of these evaluations were examined by three different types of urine collections (24 h, overnight, and timed postclinic) and overall. AlbuSure's validity was examined by comparing its results to immunonephelometrically measured concentrations and AER. When compared to albumin concentration, AlbuSure had an overall sensitivity of 81.8%, specificity of 94.8%, and positive predictive value of 90.6%. AlbuSure's sensitivity was lower (71.4%) when compared with AER; however, this was higher than the sensitivity achieved by dipsticks against AER (50.7%). On testing urine samples stored for 3 days at 4 degrees C, AlbuSure results were 100% reproducible after 1 day and had an overall reproducibility of 92% after 3 days. When urine was retested after 3 and 15 mo of storage at -70 degrees C, AlbuSure was greater than or equal to 90% reproducible, with some of the differing results attributable to corresponding changes in albumin concentration. The overnight sample appeared to be the sample of choice for testing with AlbuSure in that it showed excellent reproducibility and the highest sensitivity (compared to both albumin concentration and AER).
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Coonrod
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dorman
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Drash
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kuller
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Orchard
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests; D000419:Albuminuria; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000652:urine*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers