title: Limitations of diet therapy in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Sixty-one patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and fasting blood glucose of 12.0 +/- 0.6 mmol/l were studied before and after dietary treatment in an outpatient setting. At the start of the study 33 patients were obese (body mass index greater than 27.0 kg/m2). Twenty patients were newly diagnosed, median known duration of diabetes in the others was 5 years. Beta-cell function was measured by the release of C-peptide after i.v. injection of 1 mg glucagon (area under the curve of C-peptide = AUC-cp), as well as calculated according to the formulae of Matthews. Insulin action was estimated by measurement of fasting blood glucose, insulin and free fatty acids (FFA) concentrations. Non-obese patients showed more severe beta-cell deficiency than the obese ones (AUC-cp 2586 +/- 158 vs. 3294 +/- 277 pmol/l per 15 min), and did not improve in metabolic control during treatment. In the obese patients three response patterns to treatment were observed: weight loss and improvement in metabolic control accompanied primarily with increased beta-cell function or increased insulin action, or worsening of metabolic control. Those with less impaired beta-cell function and shorter known duration of diabetes showed the most favourable response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  non-obese type 2 diabetes patients with fasting glucose levels above 10 mmol/l do not improve on dietary treatment alone; in obese type 2 diabetics weight reduction is essential and results in metabolic improvement, irrespective of the preceding fasting blood glucose concentrations. Improved beta-cell function as well as increased insulin action are responsible for this improvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III and Clinical Endocrinology, University Hospital Rotterdam, Dijkzigt, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Wolffenbuttel
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Van Koetsveld
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verschoor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide