title: Computer-assisted optimization of aminophylline therapy in the emergency department.
abstract: The emergency department (ED) is a unique setting for pharmacokinetic-guided drug administration because of the need to rapidly optimize therapy. We compared outcomes in patients receiving intravenous aminophylline according to population-based ED guidelines (group 1) or Bayesian-derived pharmacokinetic estimates (group 2), we determined predictors for admission or discharge in our study group, and we assessed the ability of a Bayesian pharmacokinetic model to estimate theophylline requirements in the ED. The study population was composed of 82 patients (42 males, 40 females) with a mean age of 43 +/- 15.5 years. Fifteen patients were excluded because of protocol violations. Of the 67 cases studied, 30 were assigned to group 1, and 37 were assigned to group 2. Patient demographics, baseline theophylline concentration, and theophylline loading dose did not differ significantly between treatment groups. The aminophylline maintenance infusion was significantly (P less than .001) lower in group 1 (0.4 +/- 0.2 mg/kg/h) than in group 2 (0.6 +/- 0.2 mg/kg/h). Serum theophylline concentrations at one hour post-loading-dose did not differ significantly between treatment groups; however, significant differences were observed at two hours post-load (P less than .002) and four hours post-load (P less than .001). Baseline peak flow rate (PFR) was significantly (P less than .03) higher in group 1 (170 +/- 85 L/min) than in group 2 (132 +/- 62 L/min), but did not differ significantly at any other times throughout the study. The PFR one hour post-load (PFR-1) was the strongest (P less than .003) predictor of outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond 23298.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Vanderheyden
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ornato
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Comstock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000628:Aminophylline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D000628:Aminophylline