title: Effects of droperidol, haloperidol and ketamine on halothane, succinylcholine and caffeine contractures: implications for malignant hyperthermia.
abstract: The effects of two structurally similar butyrophenones (droperidol and haloperidol) and ketamine were evaluated in an in vitro system to determine their potential for eliciting or exacerbating an episode of malignant hyperthermia. Muscle strips from patients referred for diagnostic testing for malignant hyperthermia and muscle strips from the rat diaphragm were exposed to droperidol, haloperidol, or ketamine prior to challenge with halothane, succinylcholine or caffeine. If any agent augmented the contracture response to the malignant hyperthermia triggering or diagnostic agents, then the agent was considered unsafe for use in malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients. Droperidol 10 mumol/l and ketamine 100 mumol/l did not induce contractures in human or rat skeletal muscle when added alone, nor did they augment halothane, succinylcholine or caffeine contractures. These agents appear to be safe for use in patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. In contrast, haloperidol 10 mumol/l augmented the response to succinylcholine about 1.5-fold and may be contraindicated in MH susceptibles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hahnemann University, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Lizzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003286:Contracture / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D004329:Droperidol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006221:Halothane / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008305:Malignant Hyperthermia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013390:Succinylcholine / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine; D007649:Ketamine; D013390:Succinylcholine; D006220:Haloperidol; D004329:Droperidol; D006221:Halothane