title: Disposition of single oral doses of butylated hydroxyanisole in man and rat.
abstract: The kinetics and metabolism of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) have been compared between man and rats. Oral doses of 2, 20 or 200 mg BHA/kg body weight were administered to male Wistar rats and a single oral dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight was administered to human volunteers (non-smoking males). Following oral administration of 2 or 20 mg BHA/kg body weight to rats, no plasma BHA profiles were observed, whereas at the 200 mg BHA/kg body weight dose level plasma BHA peak concentrations between 100 and 400 ng/ml were detected. Plasma BHA peak levels and the area under the curve show that the application of 15% polyethylene glycol-400 as the vehicle produced significantly lower values compared with those obtained using the vehicles, salad dressing, corn oil and dimethylsulphoxide. In man, oral administration of 0.5 mg BHA/kg body weight dissolved in corn oil gave plasma BHA peak concentrations of greater value than 100 ng/ml (range 53 to 255 ng/ml). In rats, 24 hr after dosing 2, 20 or 200 mg BHA/kg body weight the mean BHA concentrations in adipose tissue ranged from 0.7 to 6.8 micrograms/g. In man and rats, BHA was O-demethylated to tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). This is the first study to report that TBHQ is an in vivo metabolite of BHA in rats. Within 4 days following oral administration the total recovery of BHA in the urine and faeces of man (0.5 mg BHA/kg body weight) and rats (200 mg BHA/kg body weight) was 49 +/- 7% and 95 +/- 10% (mean +/- SD) respectively. In rats, BHA was excreted in the urine as free BHA (2%), conjugated BHA (48%) and conjugated TBHQ (9%) and in the faeces as free BHA (36%). In man, BHA was excreted in the urine mainly as conjugated BHA (39%) together with smaller amount of conjugated TBHQ (9%); no free BHA was found in the urine or faeces. In man and rats only the fraction of BHA excreted in urine as conjugates of BHA and TBHQ was qualitatively and quantitatively comparable. Results in this study indicate a considerable difference in the biological fate of BHA following oral administration of high and low doses of BHA in rat and man, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Thijssen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: ten Hoor
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kleinjans
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005243:Feces / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D006873:Hydroquinones; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole; C018855:2-tert-butylhydroquinone