title: Episcleral plaque radiotherapy for retinoblastoma.
abstract: The authors report their preliminary results of episcleral plaque radiotherapy (cobalt 60, iridium 192, ruthenium 106, and iodine 125 plaques) in 50 selected patients with retinoblastoma. There were 97 plaque applications to 51 affected eyes in these 50 patients. The plaque was used as primary treatment in 15 eyes and as secondary treatment after failure of external beam radiotherapy, photocoagulation, and/or cryotherapy in 36 eyes. Vitreous seeding of tumor cells was evident ophthalmoscopically in 49 of the 51 eyes, negating the possibility of ultimate success by further photocoagulation or cryotherapy. In 18 patients, the contralateral eye had been enucleated and the remaining eye was being considered for enucleation because all other treatment modalities had failed. In 2 of these 18 patients (11%), the remaining eye was salvaged with plaque radiotherapy and some vision was preserved. In 33 eyes with less advanced tumors, 31 had some degree of vitreous seeding by tumor cells. The eye has been retained in all 33 of these patients and useful vision preserved in most. On the basis of these preliminary observations, the authors conclude that plaque radiotherapy can be used successfully as a primary treatment for selected cases of unilateral or bilateral retinoblastoma or as a supplemental treatment after other treatment methods have failed. The current indications for plaque radiotherapy and its advantages over other therapeutic modalities are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Giblin
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Markoe
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Amendola
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Woodleigh
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy; D003452:Cryosurgery; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008028:Light Coagulation; D011379:Prognosis; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012590:Sclera