title: [Cancer--occupational exposure and genetics].
abstract: Carcinogenesis involves a complex interplay of environment and heredity. Several steps are involved in carcinogenesis. Oncogenes and anti-oncogenes influence carcinogenesis by becoming respectively activated or inactivated/lost in somatic cells. Damage to DNA in considered as the initial step in carcinogenesis. Metabolic activation of procarcinogen to an electrophilic intermediate may damage cellular DNA (via adduct formation) priming the process of cancer induction, which after promotion may result in cancer. Advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of chemical carcinogens are now being applied to improve assessment of human risk. In the past epidemiologic studies of the workplace have served to identify important human chemical carcinogens. However, molecular methods are now emerging which will serve in the prospective monitoring of genotoxic effects in the tissues of exposed individuals. Predisposing host factors to chemical toxicity and cancer probably exist. Advances in genetics may make it possible to evaluate human susceptibility factors and genes involved in malignant transformation of human cells. Only epidemiological studies can demonstrate that a chemical is a human carcinogen. For numerous chemicals, data relating to human carcinogenicity are insufficient. It is therefore reasonable for practical purposes to regard chemicals for which there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals as presenting a carcinogenic risk to humans. Since hazard from chemical carcinogens depends upon how they are used, one should aim at a better education and information to the public about dangerous chemicals.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haugen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ryberg
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Skaug
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ovrebø
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D009664:Norway; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm
vernacular_title: Kreft--yrkeseksponeringer og genetiske faktorer.