title: A comparison of intraosseous and intravenous routes of administration for antiseizure agents.
abstract: Intravenous (i.v.) access for administration of antiepileptic drugs can be time-consuming and difficult in an infant during a seizure. This study examined the intraosseous (i.o.) route as an alternative means of vascular access for drug administration in an animal-seizure model. Domestic swine (13-20 kg) were anesthetized with ketamine (20 mg/kg i.m.) and alpha-chloralose (80 mg/kg i.v.) and given gallamine (4 mg/kg i.v.) to prevent muscle fasciculations. Tracheosotomies were performed and the animals were ventilated with a Harvard respirator. The left femoral vein was cannulated and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (100 mg/kg) was given to elicit epileptogenic activity. Sixty seconds after onset of epileptogenic activity, the animals received saline or diazepam (DZP) (0.1 mg/kg) or propranolol (2.5 mg/kg) i.v. or via the i.o. route (18-gauge spinal needle placed in the right proximal tibia). Both DZP and propranolol were effective in suppressing epileptogenic activity via the i.v. or i.o. routes. Thus, the i.o. route is a rapid and effective alternative route for the administration of antiepileptic drugs when an i.v. route cannot be readily established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lathers
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Jim
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Spivey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001842:Bone and Bones; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D011433:Propranolol; D003975:Diazepam; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole