title: Behavioral teratology investigation of 1-propanol administered by inhalation to rats.
abstract: Due to their structural similarity to ethanol, a human teratogen, and their widespread use in industry, a series of industrial alcohols are being investigated for developmental toxicity. This paper presents the results of exposures to 7000 ppm 1-propanol, which is minimally toxic to maternal animals and produces a low incidence of teratogenicity, and to 3500 ppm 1-propanol, which is not toxic to maternal rats and produces no teratogenicity. Propanol vapors or filtered air was administered for 7 hr/day to 15 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats throughout gestation or to 18 male rats daily for 6 weeks. Tests of offspring were: a) ascent on a wire mesh screen b) rotorod, c) open field and optically monitored activity, d) running wheel, e) avoidance conditioning, and f) progressive fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement. Brains from 10 rats per group were dissected into cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and midbrain, and were assayed for protein, acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, beta-endorphin, Met-enkephalin, and substance P. Overall, the results indicate that exposure to high concentrations of 1-propanol can affect fertility in exposed males (only 2 of 17 produced litters), but there were no consistent effects seen in the behavioral or neurochemical tests measured. This lack of effects is surprising based on predictions from the structural similarity of 1-propanol to ethanol, and on long-standing observations that toxicity (to adult animals) increases with carbon chain length among the aliphatic alcohols.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Brightwell
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Burg
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Krieg
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Massari
mesh_terms: D000433:1-Propanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012016:Reference Values; D013723:Teratogens
chemical_list: D013723:Teratogens; D000433:1-Propanol