title: Pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide and its metabolites in healthy subjects.
abstract: The plasma and urine pharmacokinetic parameters of pyrazinamide and of its metabolites (pyrazinoic acid, 5-hydroxy-pyrazinamide, 5-hydroxy-pyrazinoic acid and pyrazinuric acid) have been studied after a single oral dose of pyrazinamide 27 mg.kg-1 in 9 healthy subjects. Pyrazinamide was rapidly absorbed (tmax less than or equal to 1 h) and showed a short distribution phase followed by an elimination phase of t1/2 beta = 9.6 h. The close similarity of the apparent elimination rates of the metabolites led to a second trial of a single oral dose of pyrazinoic acid to evaluate the formation and elimination stages. The limiting factor was found to be the activity of a microsomal deamidase (pyrazinoic acid formation from pyrazinamide and 5-hydroxy-pyrazinoic acid formation from 5-hydroxy-pyrazinamide). In contrast, oxidation by xanthine oxidase occurred very rapidly (5-hydroxy-pyrazinamide formation and pyrazinoic acid catabolism to 5-hydroxy-pyrazinoic acid).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics, Centre Hospitalier Général, Le Havre, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nouveau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guyonnaud
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duwoos
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lafont
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D011718:Pyrazinamide; C005296:pyrazinoic acid; C054997:pyrazinuric acid