title: An early record of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) developing in the dung of game animals in southern Africa.
abstract: The value of the dung of game animals as a larval habitat for Culicoides species was briefly investigated in 1973/74 in the Kruger National Park, Transvaal, Republic of South Africa. A total of 4 species in the subgenus Avaritia was reared, 3 from elephant dung, 2 from zebra dung and 1 from the dung of buffalo. These early studies have recently led to more intensive rearing and a better understanding of the systematics of this subgenus in the Afrotropical region.
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical Animal Production, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dyce
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002020:Buffaloes; D002519:Ceratopogonidae / Q000254:growth & development*; D004606:Elephants; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology*; D010527:Perissodactyla; D013019:South Africa