title: [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sulbactam/ampicillin in children].
abstract: Laboratory and clinical studies of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) in children have been carried out, and the following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial effect MICs of SBT/ABPC were only one-tube less than or similar to those of ABPC against susceptible organisms. Against ABPC-resistant organisms at the inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml however, SBT/ABPC was superior to ABPC when evaluated in terms of their MIC values. When MICs of SBT/ABPC were compared to those of ABPC against organisms with high beta-lactamase producing activities, it was found that many of ABPC-resistant organisms were much susceptible to SBT/ABPC. 2. Absorption and urinary excretion In 2 cases to which 50 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg SBT/ABPC were respectively given over 30 minutes by drip infusion, peak serum levels were obtained at the end of the drip infusion with peak levels of SBT of 45.5 micrograms/ml, 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively and those of ABPC of 83.0 micrograms/ml, 22.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. The half-lives of SBT and ABPC were 0.94 hour and 0.98 hour, respectively. The mean urinary excretion rates in the first 6 hours after the end of administration were 84.4% for SBT and 63.1% for ABPC. 3. Clinical results Clinical efficacies were evaluated in 24 cases including 9 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of upper respiratory infection, 7 cases of urinary tract infection and 1 case each of bronchopneumonia, pyothorax, tonsillitis, streptococcal infection, ++ phlegmon and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Clinical efficacies were excellent or good in 19 cases with an overall efficacy rate of 86.4%. Adverse effect was found in 1 case with nausea and vomiting, and abnormal laboratory test values observed were 2 cases each of eosinophilia, slight elevation of GOT and GPT and elevation of LDH, but they were not serious.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higashino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nobori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nogi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D013407:Sulbactam / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000667:Ampicillin; D013407:Sulbactam