title: Altered ventricular repolarization in central sympathetic dysfunction associated with spinal cord injury.
abstract: Complete injury to the cervical spinal cord results in total disruption of central sympathetic outflow. Although ventricular repolarization can be significantly influenced by disorders of autonomic function, the effects of cervical sympathectomy are unknown. Therefore, 40 subjects with complete chronic spinal cord injury were prospectively divided into 2 groups, half with total disruption of central sympathetic outflow (level of injury C5 to C8) known as the high level injury group, and half with nearly intact sympathetic innervation (T10 to L1) serving as controls. The completeness of autonomic dysfunction was verified by the cold pressor response. ST-segment analysis of the resting surface electrocardiogram revealed multilead ST elevation in the high level injury group, with maximum ST height significantly higher than the control group (131 +/- 21 [standard error] vs 47 +/- 8 microV; p = 0.0005). Unlike the control subjects, maximal arm ergometry exercise in the high level injury subjects failed to decrease ST-segment height (delta ST = -3 +/- 6 vs -43 +/- 14 microV in controls; p = 0.02). This difference persisted even after matching for exercise capacity. However, during exogenous stimulation with the sympathomimetic amine isoproterenol, ST-segment height in the high level injury group markedly decreased (mean delta ST = -84 +/- 26 vs -17 +/- 18 microV in controls; p = 0.04). Thus, central sympathetic dysfunction regularly results in multilead ST-segment elevation that decreases to or below isoelectric baseline during low dose isoproterenol infusion. Unlike normal subjects and individuals with normal variant ST-segment elevation, ST height is not altered by exercise. These findings document that ST-segment height in man is greatly influenced by central sympathetic nervous activity both at baseline and during physiologic and pharmacologic stress.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiology, Long Beach Veterans Administration Medical Center, California 90822.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Shandling
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Yusi
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Froelicher
mesh_terms: D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D007545:Isoproterenol