title: Identification of a region within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat that is essential for transactivation by the hepatitis B virus gene X.
abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X-gene product activates transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under control of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR). To identify a cis-acting regulatory sequence within the HIV-1 LTR which is responsive to the HBV X-gene trans-activating function, we examined the effects of HBV X-gene expression in cells with a series of LTR/CAT deletion mutants. A region of the HIV-1 LTR containing the previously identified kappa B-like enhancer element was found to be responsive to HBV X-gene activation, and this effect was independent of, and additive with, the effect of the HIV-1 tat-III protein on CAT expression. Since kappa B-like enhancer sequences are known to regulate transcription of a variety of viruses and cellular genes, our results suggest that the X gene could activate such a gene during HBV infection and replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Twu
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Haseltine
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase