Passive euthanasia in response to attempted suicide: one form of aggressiveness by relatives.
A total of 88 interviews were conducted with 40 people attempting suicide who were receiving care in an intensive-care unit, and 129 interviews were carried out with their relatives and friends. The subjects were divided into 3 diagnostic groups: neurosis (n = 14), abuse (n = 19) and psychosis (n = 7). The incidence of relatives' failure to provide care after the suicide attempt--turning-away reactions as well as do not resuscitate orders, a form of passive euthanasia--was investigated. In 8 cases, partners of patients in the abuse and neurosis groups showed turning-away reactions. In 2 cases, relatives of elderly patients in the neurosis group said to the doctor that life-preserving measures should not be taken. Relatives explained their behaviour by saying that they had the best interests of the suicidal individual at heart. In-depth interviews, however, revealed that these reactions were a manifestation of the relatives own psychic conflicts, brought forth by the confrontation with the depressed and suicidal patient. Turning-away reactions and do not resuscitate orders might be interpreted as expressing the relatives' aggressiveness towards the suicidal individual and attempts to escape from a difficult situation. It is important that doctors stand up for the interests of suicidal people, which at times may conflict with relatives' interests, and help the relatives to sort out their problems and wishes with respect to the problem areas of passive euthanasia.
Wasserman
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Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D001293:Attitude to Death; D005065:Euthanasia / Q000523:psychology*; D005066:Euthanasia, Passive / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D028642:Persons with Psychiatric Disorders; D008875:Middle Aged; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000523:psychology; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology*