title: In vitro evaluation of 6-thioguanine and alpha-interferon as a therapeutic combination in HL-60 and natural killer cells.
abstract: The effect of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) and alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) was evaluated in vitro to determine their effectiveness in combination on the therapeutically relevant events of: HL-60 cell cytotoxicity, HL-60 cell differentiation, and natural killer (NK)-cell mediated cytotoxicity. 6-TG was toxic to HL-60 cells (ID50 = 0.6 microM; 24-h exposure) while IFN-alpha (up to 1000 IU/ml) had minimal cytotoxic activity. Sequence-dependent activity was observed, inasmuch as the IFN-alpha pretreatment sequence was antagonistic, while the other schedules were additive or, possibly, synergistic. The combination of 0.5 microM 6-TG and 100 IU/ml IFN-alpha produced the same level of HL-60 cell differentiation as each agent alone, suggesting no benefit from the combination on this process. The effect of 6-TG and IFN-alpha on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity was found to be sequence dependent. NK cell activity was markedly stimulated by IFN-alpha, whereas 6-TG alone seemed to have no direct effect. However, when the NK cells were pretreated with 100 IU/ml IFN-alpha followed by 10 microM 6-TG, the IFN-alpha-enhanced activity of NK cells was ablated. These results suggest that the immunosuppressive activity of 6-TG may be related to the acute inhibition of cytokine activation. Our results suggest that 6-TG and IFN-alpha have considerable interactions, which are sequence dependent. The optimal sequence for potential therapeutic application of these anticancer agents appears to be 6-TG pretreatment followed by IFN-alpha.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143.
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects*; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D013866:Thioguanine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I; D013866:Thioguanine