Rapid, two-stage arterial switch for transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum beyond the neonatal period.
Optimal management of dextrotransposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum is currently an arterial switch procedure performed in the first 2 weeks of life. However, a subgroup of patients presents for surgery beyond this time for reasons of sickness, size, or late referral. Experience with 11 such patients (mean age at first-stage procedure, 4.5 months) has revealed that the left ventricle can be prepared by a surprisingly short interval period (median, 9 days) between a first-stage preparatory operation (pulmonary artery band with or without a shunt) and a subsequent second-stage arterial switch procedure. Serial two-dimensional echocardiography showed that left ventricular mass increased by a mean of 85% during this short interval. Mean left ventricular-right ventricular-pressure ratio as measured by cardiac catheterization increased from 0.5 +/- 0.08 a median of 7 days before the first stage to 1.04 +/- 0.29 a median of 7 days after the first stage. One patient underwent a Senning procedure because of an intramural left coronary artery. The other 10 patients underwent an arterial switch, with no early deaths. Median hospitalization after the arterial switch was 8 days. There has been one late death at 5 months. No patient has been detected to have abnormal ventricular function, although trivial to mild aortic regurgitation has been commonly observed with color flow mapping. These results have encouraged us to offer a two-stage arterial switch procedure to appropriate infants with an interval period of approximately 1 week. Both stages can be performed at one hospitalization, with important psychosocial, logistic, and financial advantages.
Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
R A
RA
Jonas
T M
TM
Giglia
S P
SP
Sanders
G
G
Wernovsky
B
B
Nadal-Ginard
J E
JE
Mayer
A R
AR
Castaneda
D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D004452:Echocardiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008722:Methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*