Hexapropymate self-poisoning causes severe and long-lasting clinical symptoms.
Cases of hexapropymate poisoning requiring intensive care in an urban region of Sweden (420,000 inhabitants) were collected over 2.5 years (1985 to 1987). Only patients with serum hexapropymate concentrations above 5.5 mg/L (30 mumol/L) and with a negative history for intake of tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, barbiturates, antihistaminic drugs and opiates were included. Clinical data about 8 intoxication events in 6 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Initial symptoms included coma, hypotension, hypothermia, and hypoventilation. Maximum coma depth (Glasgow coma score) was 3 to 5 in 5 out of 8 events. On 7 occasions assisted ventilation was required (for 12 hours or more in 5 events). There was no relationship between serum concentrations of hexapropymate and severity of clinical symptoms. All patients survived. Detailed analysis of the drug elimination in one patient showed a terminal elimination half-life of 21 hours, which is longer than previously reported (5 hours). The indications for use of this hypnotic drug may vary between doctors since an 8-fold variation was seen in drug prescription between Swedish counties in 1987. Poisoning with hexapropymate is a serious condition which may require symptomatic treatment in the intensive care unit. The clinical picture is similar to that seen in patients with burbiturate intoxication. There is no role for active forced elimination of the drug. It is questionable whether the clinical value of the drug is outweighted by its toxicity.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden.
L L
LL
Gustafsson
A
A
Berg
A
A
Magnusson
H O
HO
Malmlund
B M
BM
Sandell
R
R
Stig
D000328:Adult; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000097:blood; D002219:Carbamates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000506:poisoning*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000506:poisoning*; D008297:Male; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D013405:Suicide; D013548:Sweden; D013997:Time Factors
D002219:Carbamates; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; C001343:hexapropymate; D001569:Benzodiazepines