Olfactory bulb size, odor discrimination and magnetic insensitivity in hummingbirds.
Relative olfactory bulb size with respect to telencephalic hemispheres (olfactory ratio) was measured in five species of hummingbirds. Trochiliformes were found to be next to last among 25 avian orders with respect to olfactory bulb development. One hummingbird species, the White-vented Violetear (Colibri serrirostris), was trained in a successive go/no-go discrimination task, and learned to feed or not to feed from a container dependent on the olfactory stimuli associated with it. Test birds learned to discriminate amyl acetate vs. turpentine essence, jasmine essence vs. lavender essence, eucalyptus essence vs. no odor, beta-ionone vs. no odor, carvone vs. eucalyptol. In contrast, 1-phenylethanol vs. beta-ionone discrimination, two odorants which appear similar to humans, was unsuccessful. Using a similar procedure, attempts were made to condition a White-vented Violetear and a Versicolored Emerald (Amazilia versicolor) to magnetic stimuli. The birds were unable to discriminate between a normal field and an oscillating field (square wave, 1 Hz, amplitude +/- 0.40 G).
Centro di Studio per la Faunistica ed Ecologia Tropicali del C.N.R., Firenze and Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leitão, Santa Teresa, Brasil.
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D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000033:anatomy & histology