Effect of metoclopramide, bethanechol, and loperamide on gastric residence time, gastric emptying, and mouth-to-cecum transit time.
The effects of metoclopramide, bethanechol, and loperamide on the gastric residence time (GRT), gastric emptying (GE), and mouth-to-cecum transit time (MCTT) of a solution were investigated in three separate studies of five healthy male volunteers each. Metoclopramide in doses of 5, 10, and 15 mg prolonged GRT by 33, 88, and 162%, respectively, almost reaching statistical significance (p 0.058). A relationship was observed between GRT prolongation, and metoclopramide area under the plasma-time curve (p 0.01) and metoclopramide observed time to maximum concentration (p 0.01). Metoclopramide had an inconsistent effect on MCTT. Bethanechol 50 mg prolonged GRT by 64% (p 0.031) and had no effect on MCTT. Loperamide at doses of 2 and 8 mg prolonged GRT by 18 and 115% (p 0.043) and MCTT by 30 and 130% (p 0.0001), respectively. None of these motility-altering agents affected GE.
University of North Carolina School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill.
M G
MG
Kirby
G E
GE
Dukes
W D
WD
Heizer
J C
JC
Bryson
J R
JR
Powell
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001626:Bethanechol Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008139:Loperamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*
D001626:Bethanechol Compounds; D010880:Piperidines; D008139:Loperamide; D008787:Metoclopramide