Tibial torsion. Normal values in children.
In-toeing and out-toeing are common foot problems, and frequently are caused by torsional abnormalities of the tibia. Malleolar position, and thus tibial torsion, was measured in 281 children, 1 1/2 to 6 years of age, with a Tractograph, and normal values for the different age groups were determined. The authors discuss the clinical significance of torsional abnormalities of the tibia regarding gait.
Valmassy
R
R
Stanton
B
B
D000886:Anthropometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005532:Foot Deformities, Congenital / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012016:Reference Values; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology