The Gecko visual pigment: the dark exchange reaction and the effects of anions.
A dark reaction is known to occur in retinal extracts of the gecko (Gekko gekko), in which the natural 11-cis-chromophore of the 521-pigment is apparently replaced by adding 9-cis-retinal to form the 9-cis-photopigment. With chloride-deficient extracts the reaction involves some 70% of the 521-pigment. Anions like nitrate, azide, thiocyanate and cyanate that shift the spectrum toward the blue do not affect this 70% exchange. Anions like fluoride, iodide and sulfate likewise do not alter this magnitude of reaction. In contrast, chloride and bromide that induce a bathochromic spectral shift lead to a decrease in this dark replacement of the 11-cis chromophore. This protection is similar to the action of these two anions in antagonizing the pigment loss by NH2OH and by temperature, both occurring in the dark. Apparently, chloride and bromide alter the opsin conformation so as to stabilize and/or protect the Schiff's base linkage but nitrate, azide, thiocyanate and cyanate act at a different opsin site or by a different mechanism.
Crescitelli
F
F
Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.
Karvaly
B
B
D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions / Q000378:metabolism*; D003624:Darkness; D008116:Lizards / Q000378:metabolism*; D012168:Retinal Pigments / Q000378:metabolism*
D000838:Anions; D012168:Retinal Pigments