[The radioecology of the grapevine. 1. The transfer of nuclear weapons fallout from the soil into wine].
In a field investigation (1983-1985) comprising eight places of the most important viticultural regions in the Federal Republic of Germany, the contents of the radionuclides tritium (3H), carbon-14 (14C), strontium-90 (90Sr), and cesium-137 (137Cs) in air, soils, leaves of the vine, grapes and wine were measured and site-specific transfer factors were calculated. Data concerning soil parameters, climatic conditions, cultivation and vinification were collected. The tritium content of all samples was 10 Bq/l water of combustion, independent of location and year. The specific activity of 14C in the atmosphere and in biological material was 0.22 Bq/g carbon, independent of site and year. 90Sr contents of soils fluctuated between 0.7 and 3.5 Bq/kg dry matter. The mean content of leaves was 2 Bq/kg fresh material, of grapes 0.035 Bq/kg and of wine 0.008 Bq/l. 137Cs content of soils fluctuated between 1.3 and 7.9 Bq/kg dry matter. The mean content of leaves was 0.098 Bq/kg fresh material, of grapes 0.021 Bq/kg and of wine 0.0085 Bq/l. A relation between transfer of radionuclides and soil parameters and between the contents of grapes and wine was not recognizable. While cultivar-specific differences were not observed in grapes, red wines contained somewhat more 137Cs than white wines. Transfer factors soil grapes were 0.027 for 90Sr and 0.0057 for 137Cs. Site-specific influences such as soil parameters, climate, cultivation, vinification and differences between years led to a relatively small fluctuation of values. An influence of the nuclear power station Neckarwestheim has not been found in any of the radionuclides.
Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, Helsinki, Finnland.
K H
KH
Hellmuth
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A
Wagner
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E
Fischer
D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D002980:Climate; D005638:Fruit / Q000032:analysis*; D005860:Germany, West; D009689:Nuclear Warfare; D011847:Radioactive Fallout / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D014316:Tritium / Q000032:analysis; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D011847:Radioactive Fallout; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes; D014316:Tritium
Zur Radioökologie der Weinrebe. Teil 1. Transfer von Kernwaffenfallout vom Boden in den Wein.