Pharmacokinetics of buthionine sulfoximine (NSC 326231) and its effect on melphalan-induced toxicity in mice.
Intravenous doses of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, NSC 326231), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, were eliminated rapidly from mouse plasma in a biexponential manner. The initial phase of the plasma concentration versus time curve had a half-life of 4.9 min and accounted for 94% of the total area under the curve. The half-life of the terminal phase of the curve was 36.7 min and the area accounted for only 6% of the total area under the curve. Plasma clearance of BSO was 28.1 ml/min/kg and the steady state volume of distribution was 280 ml/kg. The oral bioavailability of BSO, based on plasma BSO levels, was extremely low. However, comparable glutathione depletion was apparent after i.v. and p.o. doses of BSO, suggesting a rapid tissue uptake and/or metabolism of BSO. Therefore, due to the rapid elimination of BSO from mouse plasma, plasma drug levels do not directly correlate with BSO-induced tissue glutathione depletion. Administration of multiple i.v. doses of BSO to male and female mice resulted in a marked 88% depletion of liver glutathione at doses of 400-1600 mg/kg/dose. Toxicity of i.v. administered BSO was limited to a transient depression of peripheral WBC levels in female mice given six doses of 1600 mg/kg. Multiple i.v. doses of BSO of up to 800 mg/kg/dose (every 4 h for a total of six doses) did not alter the toxicity of i.v. administered melphalan. However, multiple doses of 1600 mg/kg/dose of BSO did potentiate histopathological evidence of melphalan-induced bone marrow toxicity in 30% of the mice and, additionally, the combination of BSO and melphalan produced renal tubular necrosis in 80% of the male mice. The potentiation of melphalan induced toxicity did not appear to be related to GSH depletion, since: quantitatively similar amount of GSH depletion occurred at lower dose of BSO without any increase in melphalan toxicity.
Smith
A C
AC
Toxicology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Liao
J T
JT
Page
J G
JG
Wientjes
M G
MG
Grieshaber
C K
CK
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008717:Methionine Sulfoximine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D011292:Premedication
D008717:Methionine Sulfoximine; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D005978:Glutathione; D008558:Melphalan