Tattooing in reconstruction of the nipple and areola: a new method.
In order to produce the characteristic color of the nipple-areola complex and in unilateral reconstructions to match the other side, a modified tattooing method has been introduced. The quite different requirements between reconstruction and ornamental studio tattooing can only be satisfied by different techniques. For the first time, pigment particles have been suspended in a gel rather than adsorbed on an opaque mineral. Our porcine study has shown how the pigment is distributed in the dermis without penetration of the gel particles. The first 16 of the authors' 29 patients have been reviewed with an analysis of their appearance. Using this new method, a third achieved a completely natural appearance and two-thirds were judged to be intermediate, compared with an unnatural, although sometimes acceptable, result in all the earlier conventional tattoos.
Wessex Centre for Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Odstock Hospital, Salisbury, England.
M R
MR
Masser
L
L
Di Meo
J A
JA
Hobby
D001940:Breast / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery*; D010858:Pigmentation; D013653:Tattooing