Influence of ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin singly and in combination on broiler chickens.
Effects of feeding diets containing ochratoxin A (OA) at 2.0 mg/kg and T-2 toxin at 4.0 mg/kg singly and in combination were characterized in male broiler chicks from 1 day to 3 wk of age. Body weights were depressed by feeding OA singly, T-2 singly, and the OA/T-2 combination. The efficiency of feed utilization was reduced in the OA and OA/T-2 combination-fed groups. The T-2 toxin caused oral lesions, anemia, and changes in some serum biochemical values. Feeding OA resulted in increases in relative liver, kidney, gizzard, and pancreas weights, a microcytic hypochromic anemia, and changed serum chemistries. The OA/T-2 combination caused increases in relative liver, kidney, proventriculus, and gizzard weights and variable serum biochemistries. The effects of OA and T-2 were additive for reduced body weight gains, mean corpuscular volume, and for reduced serum levels of total protein, and for reduced lactate dehydrogenase activity. A significant interaction occurred between OA and T-2 causing elevated serum triglyceride levels and decreased gamma glutamyl transferase activity and calcium levels. Degenerative renal tubular changes were observed in some OA and OA/T-2 combination-fed chicks. These data indicate that OA and T-2 in combination may be more toxic for some parameters than the individual mycotoxins, and may pose a greater problem for the poultry industry than either of the mycotoxins individually.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Veterinary Toxicology & Entomology Research Laboratory, College Station, Texas 77841.
L F
LF
Kubena
R B
RB
Harvey
W E
WE
Huff
D E
DE
Corrier
T D
TD
Philips
G E
GE
Rottinghaus
D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development*; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices / Q000662:veterinary; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000633:toxicity*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
D006454:Hemoglobins; D009793:Ochratoxins; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C025589:ochratoxin A; D010758:Phosphorus; D008274:Magnesium; D013605:T-2 Toxin; D002118:Calcium