Combined zidovudine and interferon-alpha therapy in patients with Kaposi sarcoma and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the toxicity and potential clinical efficacy of combined therapy with zidovudine and interferon-alpha for patients with Kaposi sarcoma and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).


METHODS
Nonrandomized, open trial study.


METHODS
Outpatient clinic of a government referral-based research hospital.


METHODS
Volunteer sample of 39 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and Kaposi sarcoma.


METHODS
Patients received zidovudine, 250, 100, or 50 mg orally every 4 hours; 6 weeks after interferon-alpha was begun at a dose of 5 million U/d, and the dose was increased every 2 weeks until a maximum tolerated dose was determined. Patients then received the maximum tolerated dose of the combination for a minimum of 12 weeks before formal efficacy evaluations.


RESULTS
In the dose-escalation phase, the ability to tolerate interferon-alpha was clearly related to the zidovudine dose. Of the 13 patients receiving 250 mg of zidovudine, only 1 patient was able to tolerate at least 10 million U/d of interferon-alpha. Of the 12 patients receiving 100 mg of zidovudine, 8 tolerated 10 million U/d, 5 tolerated 15 million U/d, and none tolerated higher doses. Of the 12 patients receiving 50 mg of zidovudine, 8 tolerated 10 million U/d, 7 tolerated 15 million U/d, and 6 tolerated 20 million U/d or more. Dose-limiting toxicities included neutropenia (57%), fatigue (16%), thrombocytopenia (14%), and hepatic dysfunction (10%). Of the 22 patients who received a stable dose of both drugs for 12 weeks, 11 patients had a complete or partial tumor response and 8 showed an anti-HIV effect. Peak serum levels of interferon-alpha (32 to 250 U/mL) and zidovudine (0.40 to 3.85 microM) were in the ranges previously shown to be synergistic against HIV.


CONCLUSIONS
Combination therapy with zidovudine and interferon-alpha can be administered to patients with HIV infection and Kaposi sarcoma in doses that effect antiviral and antitumor responses; it appears to have a potential role in managing such patients.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland.
J A
JA
Kovacs
L
L
Deyton
R
R
Davey
J
J
Falloon
K
K
Zunich
D
D
Lee
J A
JA
Metcalf
J W
JW
Bigley
L A
LA
Sawyer
K C
KC
Zoon
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D007370:Interferon Type I; D015215:Zidovudine