The effect of local anaesthetics on epinephrine absorption following rectal mucosal infiltration.
This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of lidocaine and bupivacaine on epinephrine absorption following rectal mucosal infiltration, to assess the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of the absorbed epinephrine and to compare the systemic absorption of the local anaesthetics employed. Three groups of five greyhounds received 1.5 micrograms.kg-1 of epinephrine 1:200,000 in lidocaine 0.5 per cent, bupivacaine 0.5 per cent or 0.9 per cent saline. Plasma epinephrine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, lactate, glucose and potassium concentrations were measured at 1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes following infiltration. Plasma epinephrine concentrations were significantly higher in the lidocaine group at one and two minutes following infiltration. Plasma bupivacaine concentrations were significantly higher than plasma lidocaine concentrations throughout the study period. There were no significant differences in metabolic or biochemical indices within or between the three groups. A local vasodilatory action of lidocaine may enhance epinephrine absorption. Differences in hepatic uptake and rate of metabolism may explain the increased plasma bupivacaine measured. Lidocaine may be the local anaesthetic of choice for ano-rectal procedures, especially when large volumes of local anaesthetic are being infiltrated.
Flynn
N
N
Department of Anaesthesia and Clinical Pharmacology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin.
O'Toole
D P
DP
Bourke
E
E
O'Malley
K
K
Cunningham
A J
AJ
D000042:Absorption; D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007773:Lactates; D008012:Lidocaine; D011188:Potassium; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine