The pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime in cirrhotic patients with ascites.
We have compared in two separate studies the kinetics of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime in 8 cirrhotic patients with ascites and 8 control subjects after a single 20 min intravenous infusion of 1 g of each drug. The apparent volumes of distribution (Vz) were found to be significantly higher in cirrhotics than in control subjects (0.87, versus 0.49, l.kg-1, for cefotaxime and 0.23 versus 0.13 for ceftriaxone). The elimination kinetics of ceftriaxone were similar in the two groups. In contrast, the total and non-renal clearances of cefotaxime were reduced in cirrhotic patients. The two drugs rapidly entered the ascitic fluid. Peritoneal concentrations of ceftriaxone were higher than 7 micrograms.ml-1 from the second hour after the infusion and were 8.9 micrograms.ml-1 at 24 h. Peritoneal concentrations of cefotaxime were higher than 4 micrograms.ml-1 from 0.5 to 8 h after the infusion.
Unité de Pharmacologie Clinique, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université de Picardie, France.
L
L
Hary
M
M
Andrejak
S
S
Leleu
J
J
Orfila
J P
JP
Capron
D001201:Ascites / Q000378:metabolism*; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008104:Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000378:metabolism
D002443:Ceftriaxone; D002439:Cefotaxime