Comparison of therapeutic efficacy and host toxicity of two different 131I-labelled antibodies and their fragments in the GW-39 colonic cancer xenograft model.
The in vivo uptake, therapeutic potential, and host toxicity were evaluated for both the intact IgG and F(ab')2 fragment of 2 murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against either carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), called NP-4, or colon-specific antigen-p (CSAp), called Mu-9, in the GW-39 human colorectal carcinoma grown in the hamster cheek pouch. Mu-9 IgG and F(ab')2 were retained longer by the tumor than was the NP-4 IgG or F(ab')2, respectively. Localization of the two antibodies by micro-autoradiography revealed two distinct patterns. Mu-9 was seen densely around whole acini of tumor cells, whereas NP-4 was found around each individual cell, albeit less densely. The anti-tumor effects of 131I-labelled Mu-9 and NP-4 IgG were equal, but the therapeutic effectiveness of Mu-9 F(ab')2 was significantly higher than NP-4 F(ab')2, as measured by change in tumor size. A dose-dependent increase in host toxicity, as measured by change in body weight and change in peripheral white blood cells (p-WBCs), was observed with 0.5 to 3.0 mCi doses of 131I-IgG regardless of the MAb used. A 10-22% loss in body weight lasting 3-7 weeks and a 50-80% loss in pWBCs lasting 6-8 weeks were observed in these animals. In contrast, 3 x 2 mCi doses of 131I-NP-4 or Mu-9 F(ab')2 given at 3-day intervals, a schedule which was equally therapeutic to a single 2-mCi dose of 131I-IgG, resulted in only a 9% loss in body weight and a 50% loss in pWBCs that lasted only 1 week. This was followed by a complete recovery over the next 2-3 weeks. These data suggest that multiple doses of F(ab')2 can be as tumoricidal as a single dose of an intact MAb IgG, but significantly less toxic to the host.
Blumenthal
R D
RD
Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark 07103.
Sharkey
R M
RM
Kashi
R
R
Goldenberg
D M
DM
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D006224:Cricetinae; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; C030139:colon-specific antigen