Residues of chlorinated phenols and phenoxy acid herbicides in the urine of Arkansas children.
Urine samples from 197 Arkansas children were analyzed for eight chlorinated phenols and four chlorinated phenoxy herbicides by using a new procedure that combined gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. With the detection limit of 1 part per billion (ppb), six of these pesticides were detected in more than 10% of the samples. 2,5-Dichlorophenol (a metabolite of p-dichlorobenzene), and pentachlorophenol were detected in 96% and 100%, respectively, of the children's urine at median concentrations of 9 ppb and 14 ppb, respectively. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in 54% of the children's urine at a median concentration of 1 ppb. One trichlorophenol and three other dichlorophenols were found in 3% to 27% of the samples. The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was observed in 20% of all samples. The concentrations of all analytes are reported as background or reference levels for use in future studies. The finding of 2,5-dichlorophenol as a ubiquitous contaminant merits further study.
Hill
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To
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T
Holler
J S
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Fast
D M
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Smith
S J
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Needham
L L
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Binder
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S
D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000652:urine*; D001131:Arkansas; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000652:urine*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006540:Herbicides / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008297:Male; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000652:urine*
D002733:Chlorophenols; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006540:Herbicides; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid