Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by analogues of amiloride.
Amiloride analogues with nonaromatic substituents on the 5-amino group or different substituents on carbon-6 of the pyrazine ring were tested as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A and B in rat brain homogenate. The inhibition was competitive and reversible. 5-(N,N-Tetramethylene)amiloride protected the A type in the homogenate against irreversible inhibition by clorgyline. A reciprocal relation was found to exist between inhibitory constants of 5-N-substituted amiloride analogues for monoamine oxidase A and the ratio of overflows of endogenous noradrenaline and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol from the isolated rat tail artery incubated in the presence of a 50 microM concentration of the analogue, when the tissue was exposed to 10 microM tyramine. The 5-amino group appeared to be essential for inhibition of the A but not of the B type. Bell-shaped relations between inhibitory constants of 5-(N-alkyl)- and 5-(N,N-dialkyl)-substituted analogues and lengths of alkyl chains were different for each type. The presence of a methyl group in the alpha-position of the chain increased substantially the inhibitory constant for the A type. Halogen atoms as substituents on carbon-6 increased inhibitory constants for both types of the enzyme in the sequence: I less than Br less than Cl less than F. These findings are consistent with the existence of hydrophobic binding sites of restricted dimensions in both types of the enzyme.
Department of Anatomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Palatý
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EJ
Cragoe
D000320:Adrenergic Fibers / Q000201:enzymology; D000584:Amiloride / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000294:innervation; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D003010:Clorgyline / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D000584:Amiloride; D003010:Clorgyline