Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the aetiology of uterine cervical cancer.
A case-control study of uterine cervical cancer was conducted using 331 cases and 993 age-matched controls identified through the Missouri Cancer Registry during 1984-1986. Patients with smoking- or alcohol-related cancers were excluded from the control series. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and stage at diagnosis. A dose-response relation was observed between intensity of cigarette smoking and invasive cervical cancer, with light and heavy smokers having elevated risks (OR = 2.2, 95% Cl = 1.4-3.6 and OR = 3.9, 95% Cl = 2.7-5.6, respectively). Former smokers had less elevated risk (OR = 1.7, 95% Cl = 1.0-2.9), a finding consistent with a greater effect of tobacco smoke on late-stage carcinogenesis. Similar results were obtained in age- and control site-specific analyses. Further, the age-specific data suggested a dose-response relation between duration of smoking and invasive cervical cancer. An association between alcohol consumption and invasive cervical cancer was not observed.
Licciardone
J C
JC
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth 76107.
Wilkins
J R
JR
Brownson
R C
RC
Chang
J C
JC
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008923:Missouri / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*