title: Anti-coccidial activity of 2-picoline, 6-amino-4-nitro-, 1-oxide.
abstract: An investigational drug (2-picoline, 6-amino-4-nitro-, 1-oxide) was evaluated to characterize the anti-coccidial spectrum of the compound. Two concentrations of the drug (125 and 250 ppm) were evaluated for bioactivity; weight gain, survival, dropping, and lesion scores were the response variables utilized to ascertain activity. The activities of the picoline derivative were compared with monensin, maduramicin, and a narasin/nicarbazin (1:1) combination. The investigational drug had significant activity against Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix, and the 250-ppm level was significantly more active than 125 ppm. At 250 ppm, the E. tenella activity of the picoline derivative was comparable to both monensin (120 ppm) and the 50-ppm narasin/nicarbazin combination, significantly less effective than maduramicin (6 ppm), and significantly more efficacious than 30 ppm narasin/nicarbazin. At the same level (250 ppm), the picoline derivative had significantly less E. necatrix activity than monensin (120 ppm), maduramicin (6 ppm), and narasin/nicarbazin (50 ppm), and significantly greater activity than 30 ppm narasin/nicarbazin. At best, only extremely weak Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria brunetti, and Eimeria maxima activities were noted with the investigational drug; higher concentrations of the picoline derivative may achieve greater anti-coccidial activity against these species. The efficacy of narasin/nicarbazin compared favorably with monensin and maduramicin; the 50-ppm level of the combination appeared significantly more efficacious than 30-ppm.
authors: Clinical Research and Development & Parasitology Research, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001.
authors: S D
authors: SD
authors: Folz
authors: B L
authors: BL
authors: Lee
authors: L H
authors: LH
authors: Nowakowski
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: Rector
authors: B M
authors: BM
authors: Folz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000469:parasitology; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004539:Eimeria / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010847:Picolines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D011897:Random Allocation; D013045:Species Specificity; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D003049:Coccidiostats; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D010847:Picolines; C061240:2-picoline-6-amino-4-nitro-1-oxide