title: Functional heterogeneity in the process of T lymphocyte activation; barium blocks several modes of T cell activation, but spares a functionally unique subset of PHA-activable T cells.
abstract: The effects of the alkaline earth divalent cation Barium (Ba2+) were studied in in-vitro murine polyclonal T cell activation induced with a panel of T cell mitogens consisting of the plant mitogens concanavalin A (ConA), jacalin and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), a mitogenic anti-Thy1 monoclonal antibody (MoAb), and an anti-murine CD3 MoAb combined with phorbol ester. All modes of T cell activation, except PHA-induced mitogenesis, were blocked in a reversible and dose-related manner by Ba2+. Blockade was evident only if Ba2+ was added within the first 6 h of stimulation, was totally reversed in a competitive fashion by addition of Ca2+ to the medium, and selectively affected interleukin 2 (IL-2) production, without interfering with expression of IL-2 receptor light chains, nor with late IL-2-dependent activated T cell growth. On the other hand, PHA-induced responses stimulated by optimal mitogen doses were resistant to the effects of Ba2+. Ba2+-resistance of PHA responses was due to IL-2-dependent activation and growth of a Ba2+-resistant T cell subset since: (i) limiting dilution analysis demonstrated that this PHA response had a much lower precursor cell frequency than control PHA responses; (ii) proliferation was blocked by anti-IL2 agents, such as cyclosporin A and anti-IL-2 receptor light chain MoAbs, which were much less effective in blocking control PHA responses. Thus, pharmacological use of Ba2+ reveals the existence of a pathway of T cell activation, induced by PHA, with differential interleukin requirements.
authors: Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: L T
authors: LT
authors: Peçanha
authors: G A
authors: GA
authors: Dos Reis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001464:Barium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D001464:Barium; D002118:Calcium