title: Effects of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking on serum alpha- and beta-carotene concentrations in healthy adults.
abstract: The effects of alcohol and cigarette consumption on serum concentrations of alpha-carotene and beta-carotene in 312 healthy male adults, aged from 20 to 58 years, were investigated. Serum concentrations of beta-carotene were lower in alcohol drinkers (17.8 micrograms/dl; 0.33 mumol/l) than in nondrinkers (23.2 micrograms/dl; 0.43 mumol/l). Serum concentrations of alpha- and beta-carotenes were higher in nonsmokers (alpha-carotene: 7.4 micrograms/dl; beta-carotene: 22.6 micrograms/dl) than in current smokers (alpha-carotene: 5.9 micrograms/dl; beta-carotene: 18.4 micrograms/dl). In simple correlation and multiple regression analyses, smoking, smoking and alcohol drinking were inversely correlated with serum concentrations of alpha- and beta-carotenes in healthy adults. In contrast, serum concentrations of alpha- and beta-carotenes rose significantly with an increasing intake frequency of green-yellow vegetables or fruits. In addition, the effect of alcohol drinking on the serum beta-carotene concentration was more pronounced that that of smoking.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Ito
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Minohara
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Otani
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sarai
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Niiya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D019207:beta Carotene
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D002338:Carotenoids; C041635:alpha-carotene