title: Leptospiral and hepatitis A antibodies amongst windsurfers and waterskiers in Bristol City Docks.
abstract: Previous epidemiological studies have detected a substantial risk of gastroenteritis associated with snorkel swimming events in the Bristol City Docks. The event has since been discontinued. Similar risks were not identified at that time for surface-based events. A subsequent fatality from Weil's disease (Leptospirosis) and a case of Hepatitis A associated with surface water immersion in the Bristol City Docks water prompted this study of Leptospiral and Hepatitis A immunity amongst regular windsurfers and waterskiers. Although one person showed evidence of past Leptospiral infection and several people showed evidence of previous Hepatitis A, a causal association with Docks water exposure was not established. Nevertheless, there was sufficient public concern to justify the introduction of precautions against the potential health risks associated with immersion in the City Docks. The study findings and these preventive measures are described.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Philipp
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Waitkins
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Caul
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Roome
authors: S
authors: S
authors: McMahon
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Enticott
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000276:immunology*; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D007921:Leptospira interrogans / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013177:Sports; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies