The influence of HIV infection on antibody responses to a two-dose regimen of influenza vaccine.
We studied whether a two-dose regimen of inactivated influenza virus vaccine was more effective than a single dose in inducing protective hemagglutination-inhibition antibody responses in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Participants included subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex, and HIV-seropositive individuals with either lymphadenopathy only or no symptoms. Control subjects were HIV-seronegative heterosexuals and HIV-seronegative homosexuals. Two doses of inactivated influenza vaccine containing 15 micrograms of the hemagglutinin of influenza A/Taiwan/1/86(H1N1), A/Leningrad/360/86(H3N2), and B/Ann Arbor/1/86 were administered intramuscularly in the deltoid region 1 month apart. The second dose of vaccine did not significantly increase the frequency or magnitude of antibody responses of either HIV-seropositive or HIV-seronegative subjects over that achieved by a single dose. The two-dose regimen induced a protective level (greater than or equal to 1:64) of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody to influenza A(H1N1) or (H3N2) virus less often in subjects with symptomatic HIV infection than in uninfected control subjects (39% vs 87% or 46% vs 97%, respectively). Our results suggest that a substantial proportion of individuals with symptomatic HIV infection might remain unprotected from influenza, even after immunization with a two-dose regimen.
Miotti
P G
PG
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Nelson
K E
KE
Dallabetta
G A
GA
Farzadegan
H
H
Margolick
J
J
Clements
M L
ML
D000386:AIDS-Related Complex / Q000276:immunology; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology; D006716:Homosexuality; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000379:methods; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000032:analysis; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D015215:Zidovudine