Diagnostic importance of vitamin K1 and its epoxide measured in serum of dogs exposed to an anticoagulant rodenticide.
Administration of vitamin K1, SC, to anticoagulant-poisoned (diphenadione) dogs provided diagnostic information within 4 hours, when vitamin K1 and its epoxide were measured in canine sera. Twelve dogs (2 groups of 6) were given 2.5 mg of diphenadione/kg of body weight for 3 days. Dogs were treated with vitamin K1, 2.5 (n = 6) or 5 mg/kg/day (n = 6) SC for 21 days, and their responses were compared. Four nonexposed control dogs were given 5 mg of vitamin K1/kg/day. Serum concentration of vitamin K epoxide was significantly (P less than 0.02) higher in diphenadione-exposed dogs than in control dogs 1 to 4 hours after the initial vitamin K1 treatment on day 4. Vitamin K epoxide/vitamin K1 ratios were similarly higher and became more distinct. Cessation of vitamin K1 therapy on day 24 resulted in prolongation of one-stage prothrombin times in diphenadione-exposed dogs, becoming clearly evident on day 27. Serum vitamin K1 concentrations were not detectable on day 27 in diphenadione-exposed dogs, whereas serum vitamin K1 concentrations were readily detectable in control dogs. One-stage prothrombin time changes, during days 24 to 32, indicated 5 mg of vitamin K1/kg provided better protection than did 2.5 mg of vitamin K1/kg. Coagulopathy in the dogs was resolved by day 32.
Mount
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ME
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
Kass
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PH
D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000506:poisoning*; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010630:Phenindione / Q000506:poisoning / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D012378:Rodenticides / Q000506:poisoning*; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000925:Anticoagulants; D000931:Antidotes; D012378:Rodenticides; C016186:vitamin K1 oxide; C100262:diphenadione; D010630:Phenindione; D010837:Vitamin K 1