title: The effect of amino acids on the ischemic heart. Improvement of oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegic solution by an enriched branched chain amino acid formulation.
abstract: This study was designed to test the effect of glucose and a formulation enriched with branched chain amino acids as additives to oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegic solution in the ischemic heart. Energy-depleted isolated working rat hearts were subjected to 68 minutes of normothermic global ischemia during which oxygenated cardioplegic solution was used to protect them. The hearts were then reperfused in the nonworking mode for 10 minutes and for a further 30 minutes in the working mode. The hearts were randomly divided into three groups, in which various oxygenated cardioplegic solutions were perfused. Group 1 (control) was subjected to modified St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution and groups 2 and 3 to the same solution with the addition of glucose (11.1 mmol/L) and glucose (11.1 mmol/L) and branched chain amino acids, respectively. Recovery of aortic flow, coronary flow, cardiac output, aortic pressure, adenosine triphosphate, creatine phosphate, and oxygen consumption was significantly better in group 2 than in group 1. In addition, recovery of aortic flow, coronary flow, cardiac output, aortic pressure, stroke volume, minute work, adenosine triphosphate, and creatine phosphate was found to be significantly enhanced in group 3. Release of adenine catabolites and lactic dehydrogenase from these hearts during postischemic reperfusion was significantly decreased. Thus, during global ischemia in the energy-depleted heart, the presence of glucose and branched chain amino acids in oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegic solution enhanced myocardial protection.
authors: Joseph Lunenfeld Cardiac Surgery Research Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Schwalb
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Izhar
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Yaroslavsky
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Borman
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Uretzky
mesh_terms: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005947:Glucose; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011188:Potassium; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D011685:Purine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013318:Stroke Volume
chemical_list: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D011685:Purine Nucleotides; C018369:potassium cardioplegic solution; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium; D010100:Oxygen