title: Neutralized lidocaine with epinephrine for local anesthesia.
abstract: The pain of infiltrating lidocaine with epinephrine into skin is reduced by the addition of sodium bicarbonate. The effect of varied concentrations of sodium bicarbonate on pain of infiltration of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 was measured. Sodium bicarbonate at 40 and 100 meq/L of anesthetic solution caused significantly less pain than did 0 or 10 meq/L. The stability of epinephrine in a solution at pH 7.3 was also determined. Epinephrine concentration declined approximately 25% per week in anesthetic solution containing 100 meq/L sodium bicarbonate.
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine.
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Stewart
authors: G W
authors: GW
authors: Cole
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Klein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine