title: Activity involvement, risk-taking, demographic variables, and other drug use: prediction of trying smokeless tobacco.
abstract: Four activity participation variables (clubs, sports, church, and parties); two indices of "risk-taking" (preference for risk-taking, getting into trouble at school); three demographic variables (sex, ethnic group, socioeconomic status); and two drug use variables (trial of cigarettes and alcohol) were examined as correlates and prospective predictors of trial of smokeless tobacco in two cohorts of seventh graders in urban Los Angeles. The data were analyzed separately for males and females. Cross-sectional logistic regression analyses indicated that correlates of trying smokeless tobacco among the seventh-grade cohorts or among these same cohorts in the eighth grade (considering those persons who had not tried smokeless tobacco in seventh grade) generally included being white, trying cigarettes, risk-taking, and attending parties. Prospective logistic regression analyses with data from subjects who had not tried smokeless tobacco in the seventh grade indicated that predictors of subsequent trial of it generally included only being white and having tried cigarettes. Sports participation predicted onset only in one cohort of female subjects but not in males. Some activities that have been proposed as being predictive of smokeless tobacco use (e.g., sports participation) are generally irrelevant for a large sample of young adolescents in urban Los Angeles. White male cigarette smokers, regardless of the activities they have engaged in, are most likely to try smokeless tobacco.
authors: Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, Pasadena, California 91101.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sussman
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Holt
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: Dent
authors: B R
authors: BR
authors: Flay
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Graham
authors: W B
authors: WB
authors: Hansen
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002140:California; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012932:Social Facilitation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless