title: A phase-II study of low-dose cyclophosphamide and recombinant human interleukin-2 in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma.
abstract: Recent preclinical and clinical studies that have demonstrated antitumor activity of high-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), and animal models that demonstrated a synergistic effect of low-dose cyclophosphamide, led us to study rIL-2 (Cetus Corp., Emeryville, Calif) in a phase II clinical trial in combination with low-dose cyclophosphamide in 32 patients, 18 with malignant melanoma and 14 with renal cell carcinoma. rIL-2 was given once daily at 3 x 10(6) U/m2, as a 30-min infusion for 14 days in cycle I and for 2 x 5 days in cycles II and III respectively; if tolerated, the dose was increased to a maximum of 6 x 10(6) U m-2 day-1; the cycles, separated by 1 week treatment-free intervals, were preceded each by a single i.v. bolus of cyclophosphamide at 350 mg/m2. The most prominent side-effects encountered in this trial consisted of a capillary leak syndrome, myalgia and fever that required dose reduction during the first cycle in one-half of the patients. Given the limit of tolerable toxicities in a standard care unit, the regimen employed achieved minor antitumor activity. No remission was achieved in patients with renal cell carcinoma, and 15% of melanoma patients showed objective responses (partial response + minor response).
authors: Department of Hematology, University of Mainz, FRG.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lindemann
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Höffken
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Schmidt
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Diehl
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Kloke
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Gamm
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Hayungs
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Oster
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Böhm
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Kolitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010641:Phenotype; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003520:Cyclophosphamide