title: Transforming growth factor type beta (TGF-beta) and adipogenesis in pigs.
abstract: The present study was performed on s.c. adipose tissue of fetal pigs at 35 to 110 d of gestation to examine the distribution of TGF-beta-positive cells, to localize TGF-beta immunoreactivity at the cellular level using electron microscopy (EM), and to determine the effect of TGF-beta on primary cultures of pig adipose tissue cells. Tissues for EM were fixed and embedded in LR white resin. Sections then were incubated with a polyclonal antibody specific for TGF-beta and TGF-beta was located using 20 nm colloidal gold conjugated second antibody. Tissues were fixed and embedded in paraffin for localization of TGF-beta at the light microscope (LM) level. Tissues were incubated with anti-TGF-beta followed by localization using biotinylated second antibody. Using LM, only a few cells stained positively for TGF-beta within developing blood vessels at 35 d. By 50 d, more TGF-beta-positive cells were associated with forming capillary networks. Between 70 d and 110 d, positively stained adipocytes usually were clustered around blood vessels. Cells surrounding hair follicles stained positive for TGF-beta between 90 to 110 d. Electron microscopy revealed TGF-beta labeling within fat cells. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells did not exhibit TGF-beta immunoreactivity. The addition of TGF-beta to primary cultures of s.c. adipose tissue cells from newborn pigs prevented lipid filling in fat cells. This effect was dose-dependent, with half-maximal inhibition occurring at 3 pM maximum inhibition occurred at 40 pM. These results indicate that TGF-beta may regulate angiogenic activity and lipid filling in s.c. adipose tissue of fetal pigs. Although TGF-beta was present in adipocytes and in cells associated with developing capillary networks, the physiological role of TGF-beta during early adipose tissue development is not known.
authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30613.
authors: R L
authors: RL
authors: Richardson
authors: D R
authors: DR
authors: Campion
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Hausman
authors: J T
authors: JT
authors: Wright
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000032:analysis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D013552:Swine / Q000196:embryology*; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015291:Transforming Growth Factors