title: Quantitative assessment of gait determinants during single stance via a three-dimensional model--Part 1. Normal gait.
abstract: In this two-part paper, a variety of three-dimensional, dynamical models are constructed for simulating the single support phases of normal and pathological human gait. A major objective of this work is to quantify the influence of individual gait determinants on the ground reaction forces generated during normal, level walking. To this end, Part 1 presents a three-dimensional, seven degree-of-freedom model incorporating five of the six fundamental determinants of gait. On the basis of crude muscle-force and/or joint-moment trajectories, body-segmental motions and ground reaction forces are synthesized open loop. Through a quantitative comparison with experimental gait data, the model's predictions are evaluated. Our simulation results suggest that pelvic list is not as dominant a dynamical determinant as either stance knee flexion-extension or foot and knee interaction. Transverse pelvic rotation, however, makes an important contribution by limiting the magnitude of the horizontal ground reaction prior to opposite heel-strike.
authors: Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, CA 94305.
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Pandy
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Berme
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006365:Heel / Q000502:physiology; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014034:Toes / Q000502:physiology