title: Bone metastases in carcinoma of the rectum: a clinical and pathological review.
abstract: Bone metastases were confirmed in 48 patients after treatment of rectal cancer and occurred predominantly in the lumbar spine and pelvis. Most of the deposits were lytic and coexisted with widespread metastatic disease. Correspondingly, the median survival from diagnosis was only 4 months. The new prognostic classification for rectal cancer was applied to the original tumour specimens and categorized 23 of these tumours into group IV which confidently predicts a poor outcome compared with only eight by the method of Dukes.
authors: ICRF Colo-Rectal Cancer Unit, St Marks' Hospital, London, UK.
authors: R W
authors: RW
authors: Talbot
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Irvine
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Jass
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Dowd
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Northover
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011859:Radiography; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary