title: Determination of the oxide layer thickness on beryllium metal particles.
abstract: The hypothesis was tested that beryllium metal particles have a uniformly thick surface coating of beryllium oxide and that smaller particles should have a higher oxide fraction by mass because they have a higher surface to volume ratio. The mass fraction of oxygen, physical density, and specific surface area were determined for size-fractionated samples of respirable beryllium metal particles. The largest particles analyzed (count median diameter 4.6 microns with geometric standard deviation 1.6) contained 7% +/- 1% beryllium oxide by mass; had a physical density of 1.90 +/- 0.02 g/cm3; and had a specific surface area of 4.0 +/- 0.3 m2/g. The smallest particles analyzed (count median diameter 0.4 micron with geometric standard deviation 1.8) contained 31% +/- 3% beryllium oxide by mass; had a physical density of 2.00 +/- 0.17 g/cm3; and had a specific surface area of 20.8 +/- 2.1 m2/g. These shifts in density and oxide content with size and surface area are consistent with a beryllium metal core of density 1.84 +/- 0.02 g/cm3 (1.848 g/cm3 is theoretical); a beryllium oxide layer of density of 2.53 +/- 0.16 g/cm3 (3.025 g/cm3 is the perfect crystalline density); and an oxide layer thickness of 49 +/- 4 A for all particle sizes. These results indicate that the inhalation toxicity of beryllium metal particles may be similar to that of beryllium oxide formed at low temperatures.
authors: Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87185-5890.
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Hoover
authors: B T
authors: BT
authors: Castorina
authors: G L
authors: GL
authors: Finch
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Rothenberg
mesh_terms: D001607:Berylliosis / Q000209:etiology; D001608:Beryllium / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: C032777:beryllium oxide; D001608:Beryllium