Synergistic regulatory effects of interleukin 6 and interleukin 1 on the growth and differentiation of human and mouse myeloid leukemic cell lines.
We analyzed the effect of recombinant human interleukin 6 (IL-6), in combination with human recombinant interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), on the growth and differentiation of several human and mouse myeloid leukemic cell lines, specifically U937, HL-60, M1, and its subclone M1-3b-N, into macrophage-like cells. IL-6 and IL-1 inhibited the growth of U937, M1, and M1-3b-N in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of these cells with both IL-6 and IL-1 resulted in either an additive or a synergistic growth inhibition. IL-6 alone induced moderate differentiation of U937 and M1-3b-N, but the combination of IL-6 and IL-1 synergistically augmented this differentiation. In M1, only the combination of IL-1 and IL-6 resulted in differentiation. These two cytokines, whether alone or in combination, did not influence the growth and differentiation of HL-60. Therefore IL-6 in conjunction with IL-1 can induce differentiation in several human and mouse myeloid leukemic cell lines, although this effect varies with cell type. IL-6 did not stimulate the expression of IL-1 mRNA or IL-1 activity in U937 cells. IL-1 also failed to stimulate IL-6 production. Furthermore, the differentiation of U937 cells induced by IL-6 was not neutralized by antibody against either IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta. The minimal differentiative effect of IL-1 was not affected by anti-IL-6 antibody. Therefore IL-6 and IL-1 appear to provide distinct signals for differentiation.
Onozaki
K
K
Department of Microbiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Akiyama
Y
Y
Okano
A
A
Hirano
T
T
Kishimoto
T
T
Hashimoto
T
T
Yoshizawa
K
K
Taniyama
T
T
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D011961:Receptors, Fc; D004247:DNA