Anger assessment and reactivity to stress.
This study compared a questionnaire method to an interview method of anger assessment in predicting reactivity to a stressor and explored possible associations between anger expression and reactivity to a stressor. Blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamines were measured in 40 normotensive subjects before and after a 5 min mental arithmetic task. The questionnaire and interview anger scores were related (p = 0.03). Anger expressed outward was associated with lower heart rate (p = 0.005) and norepinephrine (p = 0.01) reactivity to the stressor. The results suggest that self report questionnaires may be a reliable and inexpensive way to evaluate anger in the context of reactivity to stressors and that anger expression, particularly anger expressed outward, may be related to decreased heart rate and norepinephrine reactivity. The relationship between anger expression and reactivity to stressors may provide insight into the mechanisms linking anger, blood pressure and incidence of cardiovascular disease.
Mills
P J
PJ
Department of Physiological and Biological Sciences, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, IA.
Schneider
R H
RH
Dimsdale
J E
JE
D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*
D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine