title: Activation of HLA-restricted EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells does not require CD4+ (helper) T cells or exogenous cytokines.
abstract: MHC-restricted, viral Ag-specific "memory" CTL are thought to play a decisive role in the defense against pathogenic viruses. However, the requirements for activating such CTL remain controversial. In particular, the role of CD4+ helper cells and their soluble products (e.g., IL-2) are uncertain. To approach these questions as they relate to EBV-specific CTL, highly purified CD8+ T cells from healthy EBV-seropositive individuals were cultured with autologous irradiated EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), in the presence or absence of autologous CD4+ cells or 1 to 10 U/ml purified rIL-2. The results indicate that the induction of CTL requires neither Th cells nor exogenous IL-2. The CTL generated from isolated CD8+ cells were HLA class I restricted as demonstrated by their ability to lyse targets sharing at least one HLA-A or -B Ag with the stimulating autologous LCL. Furthermore, a mAb (W6/32) to a common determinant on HLA class I Ag blocked both the generation and effector phases of killing, whereas an HLA class II directed mAb had no effect. Addition of an IL-2R-specific antibody (anti-Tac) to the culture medium blocked induction of CTL, suggesting that endogenously produced IL-2 plays an obligatory role in this system. Paraformaldehyde fixation of LCL abrogated their ability to function as stimulator cells; however, addition of 2 U/ml exogenous IL-2 to fixed LCL cultured with CD8+ cells allowed for the induction of highly specific CTL. These results indicate that EBV-specific memory CTL can be activated in the absence of CD4+ helper cells or their soluble products, but nonetheless require Ag and IL-2.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Medical School Blood Center, CA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fishwild
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Benike
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Engleman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001688:Biological Products / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000502:physiology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D016207:Cytokines; D006680:HLA Antigens; D007376:Interleukin-2