title: Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) augments chemoattractant-induced diglyceride generation in human neutrophils but inhibits phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Implications for the mechanism of PMA priming of the respiratory burst.
abstract: Pretreatment ("priming") of neutrophils with a non-activating concentration (2 nM) of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) augments superoxide (O2-) production in response to the chemoattractant formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP). We initially examined the effect of sphinganine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme), on activation of primed neutrophils. In both primed and unprimed cells activation by fMLP was blocked, and inhibition occurred at identical concentrations, supporting a common inhibited site. PMA also augmented (about 2-fold) fMLP-induced generation of sn-1,2-diglyceride (DG), the level of which correlated with O2- generation. In contrast to its effects on DG, PMA diminished by about 50% the magnitude of the fMLP-stimulated rise in cytosolic Ca2+. Thus, PMA priming dissociates the fMLP-stimulated Ca2+ increase from DG and O2- generation. The effect of PMA on Ca2+ levels appeared to be due in part to lowered levels of inositol trisphosphate. Lowering of inositol phosphate levels correlated with inhibition of fMLP-induced hydrolysis of inositol-containing phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. PMA did not inhibit (and in fact augmented at early time points) formation of [32P] phosphatidic acid in response to fMLP, indicating that the increase in DG was not due to inhibition of cellular diglyceride kinase. Thus, the data suggest that PMA enhances fMLP-stimulated DG generation concomitant with switching the source of DG from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to an alternative lipid(s). Increased DG and inhibition of activation by sphinganine are consistent with a role for protein kinase C in activation of the respiratory burst in PMA-primed neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Emory University Medical School, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Burnham
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lambeth
mesh_terms: D004075:Diglycerides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005989:Glycerides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D005989:Glycerides; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D013481:Superoxides; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D013110:Sphingosine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C005682:safingol