title: Enalapril and atenolol in essential hypertension: attenuation of hypotensive effects in combination.
abstract: In 16 patients with essential hypertension the effects of enalapril 20 mg once daily were compared with those of atenolol 50 mg once daily, with the two drugs in combination and with placebo using a double-blind cross-over design with allocation of treatment order by randomised Latin squares. For each patient there were four treatment phases, each of four weeks duration, which together comprised a 2 x 2 factorial experiment. All blood pressure parameters were reduced in the three active treatment phases compared to placebo (p less than 0.001). Supine blood pressures (group means) were 171/97 (placebo), 147/85 (enalapril), 154/84 (atenolol) and 144/78 (enalapril plus atenolol) (S.E.M. +/- 2/+/- 1-ANOVA), and standing blood pressures were 170/105 (placebo), 146/92 (enalapril), 154/92 (atenolol) and 147/86 (enalapril plus atenolol) (S.E.M. +/- 3/+/- 1). In the combination phase there was an additional hypotensive response but the potential fully additive effects of the two agents were attenuated by 30-50%. The mechanism of the attenuated hypotensive effect of the combined agents has not been determined. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration was doubled in the presence of atenolol (P less than 0.01) suggesting that ANP may contribute to the hypotensive effect of the beta-blocker.
authors.affiliation: Flinders Medical Centre, Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wing
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bune
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Southgate
mesh_terms: D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood; D001262:Atenolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004656:Enalapril / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000804:Angiotensin II; D000450:Aldosterone; D001262:Atenolol; D004656:Enalapril; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D012083:Renin