Activation of T cell-derived lymphokine genes in T cells and fibroblasts: effects of human T cell leukemia virus type I p40x protein and bovine papilloma virus encoded E2 protein.
The effects of p40x, a product of an human T cell leukemia virus type I, on the activation of lymphokine genes were examined. The mouse GM-CSF and IL-3 genes were activated by cotransfection with a pX containing plasmid both in Jurkat and CV1 cells. Mouse GM-CSF gene was also activated by phytohaemagglutinin A (PHA)/phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or PMA/calcium ionophore A23187 stimulation. The 5'-flanking region of the mouse GM-CSF gene which is required for activation by pX or mitogen was mapped within 226 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site. Action of pX was not restricted to T cells. pX activated exogenously added GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-3 and IL-4 genes in fibroblasts. Activation of the GM-CSF gene in fibroblasts appears to require the same regulatory region as in T cells. Similar results were obtained using bovine papilloma virus encoded E2 protein. We propose that pX or E2 protein, both in T cells and fibroblasts, activates cellular component(s) in the signal transduction pathway which results in the activation of lymphokine genes in the absence of extracellular stimuli.
Miyatake
S
S
Department of Molecular Biology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104.
Seiki
M
M
Malefijt
R D
RD
Heike
T
T
Fujisawa
J
J
Takebe
Y
Y
Nishida
J
J
Shlomai
J
J
Yokota
T
T
Yoshida
M
M
D017456:Adenovirus Early Proteins; D000818:Animals; D052688:Bovine papillomavirus 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D017977:Deltaretrovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000502:physiology; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000502:physiology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000502:physiology*; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000502:physiology; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000502:physiology
D017456:Adenovirus Early Proteins; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C051550:E2 protein, Bovine papillomavirus; D006133:Growth Substances; D007376:Interleukin-2; D007377:Interleukin-3; D008222:Lymphokines; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor