title: Butyrate stimulates tissue-type plasminogen-activator synthesis in cultured human endothelial cells.
abstract: Incubation of cultured human endothelial cells with 5 mM-dibutyryl cyclic AMP led to an approx. 2-fold increase in tissue-type plasminogen-activator (t-PA) production over a 24 h incubation period. The stimulating effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP could be explained by the slow liberation of butyrate, as the effect could be reproduced by addition of free butyrate to the medium, but not by addition of 8-bromo cyclic AMP or forskolin, agents known to raise intracellular cyclic AMP levels. With butyrate, an accelerated accumulation of t-PA antigen in the conditioned medium (CM) was observed after a lag period of about 6 h. Increasing amounts of butyrate caused an increasingly stimulatory effect, reaching a plateau at 5 mM-butyrate. The relative enhancement of t-PA production in the presence of 5 mM-butyrate varied among different endothelial cell cultures from 6- to 25-fold in 24 h CM. Such an increase in t-PA production was observed with both arterial and venous endothelial cells. The butyrate-induced increases in t-PA production were accompanied by increased t-PA mRNA levels. Analysis of radiolabelled CM and cell extracts by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis indicated that the potent action of butyrate is probably restricted to a small number of proteins. The accumulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in CM from butyrate-treated cells varied only moderately. In our study of the relationship between structure and stimulatory activity, we found that a straight-chain C4 monocarboxylate structure with a methyl group at one end and a carboxy moiety at the other seems to be required for the optimal induction of t-PA in cultured endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Gaubius Institute TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kooistra
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Töns
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Platenburg
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rijken
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van den Berg
mesh_terms: D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020148:Butyric Acid; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D008715:Methionine / Q000378:metabolism; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D006023:Glycoproteins; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020148:Butyric Acid; D008715:Methionine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator