title: The human beta-globin gene contains multiple regulatory regions: identification of one promoter and two downstream enhancers.
abstract: We have introduced into murine erythroleukaemia (MEL) cells several series of deletion mutants of hybrid genes between the human beta-globin gene and the murine H-2Kb gene. S1 nuclease and transcriptional run-off analysis showed that the human beta-globin gene contains at least three globin specific transcriptional control elements. One is a promoter element and is located 160 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site; it increases the efficiency of the promoter after MEL cells are induced to differentiate. The other two elements are tissue-specific transcriptional enhancers and are located downstream from the transcription initiation site, the first in the structural beta-globin gene and the second in the 3' flanking sequences.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Gene Structure and Expression, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antoniou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: deBoer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Habets
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grosveld
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005796:Genes; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics*; D006367:HeLa Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D004915:Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D005914:Globins; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes