title: Reversal of increased anxiety during benzodiazepine withdrawal: evidence for an anxiogenic endogenous ligand for the benzodiazepine receptor.
abstract: Rats were injected daily for 21 days with water or with chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (10 mg/kg) and then tested in the elevated plus-maze 24-30 hr after the last of their chronic injections. At this time, rats withdrawn from chlordiazepoxide showed a significant decrease in the % of time spent on the open arms, compared with controls, thus indicating enhanced anxiety. The benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil (Ro 15-1788, 4 mg/kg, IP 20 min before test) significantly (p less than 0.01) reversed this withdrawal anxiety, and was without effect in the control group. The partial inverse agonist, FG 7142 (5 mg/kg IP 30 min before test) had no significant effect on the withdrawal anxiety. Possible mechanisms underlying the enhanced anxiety displayed by rats in withdrawal from chlordiazepoxide are discussed. It is concluded that a likely explanation is that chronic benzodiazepine treatment leads to an increased production and release of an endogenous ligand for the benzodiazepine receptor, with inverse agonist properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, University of London, U.K.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: File
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
chemical_list: D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D005442:Flumazenil; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide