title: Laryngeal pacemaker: activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCM) and the diaphragm during respiration in sheep.
abstract: Electromyograms (EMG) of the PCM and the diaphragm were evaluated in 6 sedated female sheep. Corresponding pneumatograms were recorded simultaneously by means of thermocontrolled respiration flowmeter. Evidence was obtained on considerable intra- and inter-individual differences in the duration of respiratory cycles as well as PCM- and diaphragmatic activity. Most of the evaluated respiratory periods showed either a phase coincidence between the PCM and the diaphragm, or a leading edge of about 40-80 ms of the posticus muscle. Due to this minimal phase shift, the diaphragmatic myogram seems to be a valuable trigger for an external PCM stimulation unit in bilateral recurrent nerve palsy.
authors.affiliation: 2nd ENT Clinic, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zrunek
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Streinzer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thoma
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Losert
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Unger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000502:physiology*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration / Q000502:physiology*; D012756:Sheep