title: Characterization of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter region by genetic analysis: correlation with DNase I footprinting.
abstract: T-cell activation induces expression of the hematopoietic growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). To define the molecular events involved in the induction of GM-CSF gene expression more clearly, we prepared and analyzed deletion mutants of GM-CSF promoter recombinant constructs. The results localized inducible expression to a 90-base-pair region (-53 to +37) which is active in uninfected and human T-cell leukemia virus-infected T-cell lines but not in resting or mitogen-stimulated B cells. DNase I footprinting experiments revealed protection of sequences contained within this region, including a repeated nucleotide sequence, CATT(A/T), which could serve as a core recognition sequence for a cellular transcription factor. Upstream of these GM-CSF promoter sequences is a 15-base-pair region (-193 to -179) which has negative regulatory activity in human T-cell leukemia virus-infected T cells. These studies revealed a complex pattern of regulation of GM-CSF expression in T cells; positive and negative regulatory sequences may play critical roles in controlling the expression of this potent granulopoietin in the bone marrow microenvironment and in localized inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine 90024.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Nimer
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martis
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wachsman
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gasson
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D017977:Deltaretrovirus; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009710:Nucleotide Mapping; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I