title: Effect of intracaudate haloperidol and apomorphine on switching motor patterns upon current behaviour of cats.
abstract: Previous studies using various experimental set-ups, have shown that the dopaminergic activity in the caudate nucleus (CN) is involved in the organism's ability to switch from one motor or behavioural program to another without the help of external stimuli (switching arbitrarily). The main purpose of the present study was to investigate how arbitrarily switching motor patterns manifests itself in an 'open field situation'. Therefore, the effects of CN application of haloperidol (12.5 micrograms/5 microliter) and apomorphine (0.6 micrograms/5 microliter) were analyzed on the ability to switch from one motor program to any other program in cats habituated to an observation cage. Application of haloperidol decreased switching. In addition the number of distinct motor patterns declined after injecting haloperidol into the CN. The haloperidol-induced effect, however, was not selectively restricted to any particular motor pattern. Switching from one motor pattern to another increased after CN injection of apomorphine. Moreover, the number of distinct motor patterns increased after CN injection of apomorphine. However, the effect of CN application of apomorphine was not selectively restricted to any particular motor pattern. Since previous studies have demonstrated that various expressions of dopaminergic CN activity are funnelled through the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (dl-SC), it was hypothesized that switching induced by CN application of apomorphine may also be channelled through the dl-SC. Therefore the effect of dl-SC-injected muscimol (75 ng/1 microliter) was analyzed on the ability to switch motor programs in cats pretreated with apomorphine. Injection of muscimol into the dl-SC reduced both the number of distinct motor patterns and the number of switchings in cats pretreated with apomorphine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gelissen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cools
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects*; D002415:Cats; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007267:Injections; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000187:drug effects; D009118:Muscimol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000187:drug effects*; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D009118:Muscimol; D006220:Haloperidol; D001058:Apomorphine