title: Initial treatment of ventricular fibrillation: defibrillation or drug therapy.
abstract: The belief that defibrillation of unwitnessed ventricular fibrillation frequently results in asystole, combined with perceived low survival rates, led to deviation from "standard" advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) by physicians directing paramedics in the field. In nonstandard ACLS, intubation or drug therapy preceded defibrillation. This study retrospectively compared standard and nonstandard ACLS for ventricular fibrillation. The long-term survival rates were 12.3% (7/57) and 3.6% (6/168) for the two forms of ACLS, respectively (p = 0.03). The incidence of postcountershock asystole was 35% and 28% (p = 0.45). The survival rates for patients with a postcountershock rhythm and a pulse were 83% and 17% after standard and nonstandard ACLS (p less than 0.0001). Other factors reported to have a significant effect on survival were compared, and no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) were noted for mean age, sex, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) initiated by a bystander, ACLS response time, time to CPR, lay-witnessed arrest, or time to definitive care. The significant difference in the time to defibrillation (14 and 26 minutes) was expected. This is the first clinical study to clearly confirm the ACLS recommendation of early defibrillation before drug therapy in ventricular fibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Division of Emergency Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033.
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Weigel
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Rider
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Buckingham
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004554:Electric Countershock; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012151:Resuscitation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012964:Sodium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D013997:Time Factors; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D012964:Sodium; D004837:Epinephrine