title: Proton-induced X-ray emission analysis of Zn, Sr and Pb in human deciduous tooth enamel and its relationship to dental caries scores.
abstract: The absolute concentrations of these elements were obtained by calibration with the animal-bone standard of the International Atomic Energy Agency. From exfoliated deciduous incisors and canines of 193 6- and 9-year-old children living in four Finnish towns, 77 enamel samples from subjects with low and high caries (dmfs = 0 and greater than 6, respectively) were analysed. There were no statistically significant correlations between Zn and caries, or Pb and caries, but a weak positive correlation existed between Sr and caries (r = 0.341; p less than 0.001). The lead concentration in incisors (8.1 +/- 5.3 parts/10(6)) was twice as high as in canines (4.1 +/- 2.6 parts/10(6)), whereas the Sr concentration was lower (63 +/- 18 and 85 +/- 13 parts/10(6), respectively) emphasizing the importance of relating such analysis to the tooth type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anttila
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003481:Cuspid / Q000032:analysis; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000378:metabolism*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000032:analysis; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D011522:Protons; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013324:Strontium / Q000032:analysis*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000032:analysis*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D007854:Lead; D015032:Zinc; D013324:Strontium