title: GABA-benzodiazepine modulation of aversion in the medial hypothalamus of the rat.
abstract: Earlier results indicate that the neurons of the midbrain central gray (CG) responsible for the elaboration and/or expression of aversive states are tonically inhibited by the GABA-benzodiazepine system. In the present study, chemitrodes were implanted in the medial hypothalamus (MH) of the rat, another aversive area of the brain deeply interrelated with the dorsal CG. Microinjection of the benzodiazepine receptor agonist midazolam raised the aversive threshold of electrical stimulation of the MH in a dose-dependent way, though in only about half of the animals tested. In the remaining rats, midazolam was ineffective. Similar antiaversive effects were caused by the GABA-A receptor agonist THIP. In contrast, microinjection of the GABA-A receptor blocker bicuculline induced aversive-like behavioral and autonomic changes. The effects of bicuculline were antagonized by pretreatment with either THIP or midazolam, the latter being counteracted by the competitive benzodiazepine receptor blocker Ro 15-1788. These results extend to the MH, the hypothesis of GABA-benzodiazepine modulation of neurons integrating aversive motivational states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Campus USP, Brazil.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Graeff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000494:pharmacology; D007033:Hypothalamus, Middle / Q000187:drug effects*; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007555:Isoxazoles; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D005442:Flumazenil; C015542:gaboxadol; D008874:Midazolam; D001640:Bicuculline