title: Regulation of neutrophil migration and superoxide production by recombinant tumor necrosis factors-alpha and -beta: comparison to recombinant interferon-gamma and interleukin-1 alpha.
abstract: We compared the ability of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-beta (rHuTNF-beta) to stimulate polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration and superoxide production. Significant PMN migration occurred across polycarbonate filters after stimulation with rHuTNF-alpha at concentrations ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-10) mol/L and at 10(-7) to 10(-8) mol/L for rHuTNF-beta and N-formylmethionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP), whereas recombinant human interferon-gamma was only minimally active at 10(-7) mol/L and recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha was inactive at the doses tested. In addition, antibodies to rHuTNF-alpha completely inhibited rHuTNF-alpha but not rHuTNF-beta or FMLP-induced PMN migration. Combinations of rHuTNF-alpha and rHuTNF-beta (at similar molar concentrations) stimulated PMN migration levels comparable to that obtained with rHuTNF-alpha alone. Checkerboard analyses performed by placing different concentrations of rHuTNF-alpha and rHuTNF-beta above and below polycarbonate filters of microchemotaxis chambers demonstrated that rHuTNF-alpha and rHuTNF-beta stimulated both chemotactic and chemokinetic responses by PMN. Additional studies demonstrated that 1 X 10(-8) mol/L rHuTNF-alpha and 3 X 10(-9) mol/L rHuTNF-beta (which represents 10(4) U/mL of each cytokine) were similar in their ability to induce superoxide production by PMNs; however, at ten- to 100-fold lower molar concentrations (10(3) and 10(2) units), rHuTNF-alpha was significantly more active than rHuTNF-beta. At the doses tested, both cytokines were less active than phorbol myristate acetate at stimulating O2- release. The results demonstrate that rHuTNF-alpha and rHuTNF-beta differ quantitatively but not qualitatively in their effects on PMN functions in vitro and suggest that rHuTNF-beta may be less toxic than rHuTNF-alpha in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Immunology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Figari
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Palladino
mesh_terms: D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013481:Superoxides; D007371:Interferon-gamma