title: Changes in cyclic nucleotide levels during embryonic development of chick hearts.
abstract: The effects of isoproterenol, acetylcholine (Ach), and adenosine, on cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) contents were examined in chick hearts at various stages of embryonic development. The basal cAMP content was highest (87.7 +/- 1.3 pmol/mg protein) in young (3-day) embryonic chick hearts and decreased during development (9.6 +/- 0.6 pmol/mg protein in 9-19-day-old hearts). On the other hand, the cGMP content was lowest (45.5 +/- 2.3 fmol/mg protein) in young (3-day) embryonic chick hearts and increased during development (338 +/- 15.0 fmol/mg protein in 14-19-day-old hearts). Iso increased the cAMP concentration in embryonic hearts at all ages. Ach and Ado had no effect on the cAMP content at all ages. However, the Isoproterenol-induced stimulation of cAMP was inhibited by Ach and Adenosine at all ages. In young embryonic hearts, Ach and Ado increased cGMP concentration only slightly, whereas these agents caused a substantial increase in cGMP concentration in the older hearts. Thus, there was a clear age difference in the effects of Ach and Adenosine on the cGMP and cAMP concentrations. Nitroprusside and hydrogen peroxide increased cGMP concentration in older hearts (greater than 5-day-old) but not in the 3-day-old embryonic hearts. Thus, guanylate cyclase activity may be low in young (3-day-old) hearts. It summary, the cGMP level is very low in young embryonic chick hearts, and increases markedly during development. The changes in cGMP are reciprocal to those of cAMP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Ohio 45267.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Thakkar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sperelakis
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D000241:Adenosine; D007545:Isoproterenol; D000109:Acetylcholine