title: Both upstream and intron sequence elements are required for elevated expression of the rat somatic cytochrome c gene in COS-1 cells.
abstract: To investigate the transcriptional control of nuclear-encoded respiratory genes in mammals, we have performed a deletional analysis of cis-acting regulatory sequences in the rat somatic cytochrome c gene. Three major regions are required for maximal expression of the transfected gene in kidney cell lines CV-1 and COS-1. One of these, region III (+71 to +115 from the transcription initiation site), is an unusual intragenic controlling element found in the 5' end of the first intron, while the other two, region I (-191 to -165) and region II (-139 to -84), define the upstream promoter. Region II contains two consensus CCAAT boxes and mediates a constitutive level of expression in both cell lines. In contrast, regions I and III are both required for the increased promoter activity observed in COS-1 cells compared with promoter activity observed in CV-1 cells, and the regions function individually as competitors with the full promoter for trans-acting factors or complexes. Region III contains a perfect octanucleotide homology with region I in addition to a consensus Sp1-transcription-factor-binding site. Promoter stimulation in COS-1 cells can be duplicated in CV-1 cells by cotransfecting with a T-antigen-producing vector, but purified T antigen does not bind anywhere in the cytochrome c promoter. A control promoter from the mouse metallothionein I gene is similarly activated in T-antigen-producing cells only in the presence of zinc, which activates its upstream regulatory sites. We conclude that T antigen stimulates these cellular promoters through the activation or induction of cellular factors or complexes that mediate their effects through promoter-specific regulatory elements. Cytochrome c promoter regions activated in this system may play a physiological role in controlling gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Scarpulla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007438:Introns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D014157:Transcription Factors