title: Influenza A viral nucleoprotein detection in isolates from human and various animal species.
abstract: A double antibody sandwich, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was developed to detect influenza A viral antigen, employing a monoclonal antibody directed against type-specific influenza A nucleoprotein (McAb anti-NP). McAb anti-NP was used to coat ELISA plates as well as to prepare the peroxidase conjugate. Influenza A viruses of avian, equine, swine, and human origin were detected in allantoic fluids of inoculated eggs with higher sensitivity by the DAS-ELISA than by hemagglutination (HA) assays. Minimal concentrations of 8 ng/ml influenza virus protein were detected in Nonidet P40-treated virus preparations. Viral antigen detection in tissues of experimentally infected chickens and pigs was successful, but in pigs yielded a lower positive score than the conventional method of virus isolation in eggs. The test is sensitive, rapid, and easy to perform, but does not permit influenza A subtyping. In avian species, the McAb anti-NP DAS-ELISA differentiates between influenza and Newcastle disease viruses. In pigs, the test distinguishes between influenza and Aujeszky's disease.
authors.affiliation: Central Veterinary Institute, Department of Virology, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Siebinga
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: de Boer
mesh_terms: D000482:Allantois / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002645:Chickens; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000175:diagnosis; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D009698:Nucleoproteins; D014764:Viral Proteins