title: A survey of the cytology and synaptic organization of the insular trigeminal-cuneatus lateralis nucleus in the rat, including an identification of spinal afferent inputs.
abstract: The cytology and synaptic organization of the insular trigeminal-cuneatus lateralis (iV-Cul) nucleus was examined in the rat. In addition, the ultrastructural morphology and synaptic connectivity of anterogradely labeled spinal afferent axons terminating in iV-Cul were examined following injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the cervical spinal cord. The uniformity of the ultrastructural features of iV-Cul neurons supports the presence of a homogeneous neuronal population. The most prominent feature of the iV-Cul neuropil is the presence of numerous interdigitating astrocytic processes, which extensively isolate neuronal somata and processes. iV-Cul contains a heterogeneous population of axonal endings that can be separated into three categories, depending upon whether they contain predominantly spherical-shaped agranular synaptic vesicles (R endings), predominantly pleomorphic-shaped agranular synaptic vesicles (P endings), or a heterogeneous population of dense-core vesicles (DC endings). The R endings represent the majority of axonal endings in iV-Cul and establish asymmetrical axodendritic and axospinous synaptic contacts, primarily along the distal portions of the dendritic tree. P endings establish symmetrical axosomatic, axodendritic, and axospinous synaptic contacts and exhibit a more generalized distribution along the somadendritic tree. DC terminals establish asymmetrical axodendritic synaptic contacts with distal dendritic processes and are the least frequently observed endings in the iV-Cul neuropil. Numerous synaptic glomeruli, exhibiting a single large central R bouton that establishes multiple axodendritic or axospinous synapses, characterize the iV-Cul neuropil. Axoaxonic synapses are conspicuously absent from the iV-Cul neuropil and glomeruli. The anterograde HRP labeling of spinal afferent axons that terminate in iV-Cul indicates that the terminals along these fibers are of the R type and that they are engaged predominantly in synaptic glomeruli. The results of this study indicate that the synaptic organization of iV-Cul is distinctly different from that of neighboring somatosensory nuclei, and supports the recent suggestion that this nucleus should be considered a separate precerebellar spinal relay nucleus in the lateral medulla.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1316.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Phelan
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Falls
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013569:Synapses / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014278:Trigeminal Nuclei / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase