title: Hepatic encephalopathy and orotic aciduria associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in a noncirrhotic liver.
abstract: A 40-yr-old man presented with encephalopathy and was found to have hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis. A large vascular hepatic mass was defined by CT scan and angiography; laparoscopy with biopsy confirmed the absence of chronic liver disease. A definitive tissue diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was made at laparotomy; the tumor was unresectable. Peripheral arterial and selective portal and hepatic venous ammonia levels were high, and this finding suggested that the encephalopathy was nitrogenous and hepatic in origin. The proposed mechanisms of the encephalopathy are generation of ammonia from tumor breakdown and portosystemic shunting, a result of partial tumor occlusion of the hepatic veins. An unusually high urinary excretion of orotic acid was found similar to that seen in hereditary orotic aciduria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jeffers
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dubow
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zieve
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Livingstone
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neimark
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viamonte
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Schiff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D009963:Orotic Acid / Q000652:urine*; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D009963:Orotic Acid; D000641:Ammonia