title: A light and electron microscopic study of spinal ligament innervation.
abstract: The innervation of the posterior ligamentous structures of the human lumbar spine was studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Three types of nerve endings were recognized: free nerve endings, Paciniform corpuscles and Ruffini corpuscles. The free nerve endings, which are thought to act as nociceptors, were found in the superficial layers of all ligaments. A few free nerve endings were also identified within the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments. The Paciniform corpuscles were predominantly found in the supraspinous ligament. The Ruffini corpuscles were located in the interspinous and flaval ligaments. These findings suggest that the posterior ligamentous structures could be involved in the spinal control system.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yahia
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000294:innervation* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure