title: The human genes for GM-CSF and IL 3 are closely linked in tandem on chromosome 5.
abstract: As demonstrated by long-range mapping of restriction endonuclease recognition sequences and genomic cloning, we found that the human genes encoding interleukin 3 (IL 3) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are tandemly arrayed on the long arm of chromosome 5, separated by 9 kilobases (kb) of DNA. This close physical linkage of genes with similar structure and biologic function suggests that these cytokines may have evolved from a common ancestral gene. This linkage in evolution of two relatively divergent genes further implies that some of the other lymphokine and cytokine genes that appear to share as much or more sequence similarity than do IL 3 and GM-CSF may be distantly related members of a cytokine gene family.
authors.affiliation: Genetics Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kovacic
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kriz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Wellems
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nienhuis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Epstein
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005796:Genes; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D007377:Interleukin-3; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D004247:DNA; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes