title: In vitro BALB/3T3 cell transformation assay of nonoxynol-9 and 1,4-dioxane.
abstract: The spermicidal surfactant nonoxynol-9 (Igepal CO-630, GAF Corp.) and a potential impurity, 1,4-dioxane, were tested in the in vitro cell transformation assay using BALB/3T3 cells. Two treatment periods, 48 hr and 13 days, were used. Nonoxynol-9, tested at levels up to 10 micrograms/ml, did not induce transformation, whereas dioxane was very active in the induction of type III foci in the cultured BALB/3T3 cells.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Toxicology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Moreland
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Dunkel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D003902:Detergents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000633:toxicity*; D004147:Dioxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D017137:Nonoxynol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000633:toxicity*; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D004146:Dioxanes; D004147:Dioxins; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D017137:Nonoxynol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C025223:1,4-dioxane