title: Vulnerability of myelin development of the chick to the herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic butyl ester.
abstract: Fertilized hens' eggs were treated externally with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic butyl ester (2,4-D b.e.) (3.1 mg/egg) immediately before starting incubation, and after different times of incubation (5, 10 and 15 days). Controls were treated externally with ether. Hatchability studies demonstrated that fetotoxic effects of 2,4-D b.e. were similar on the 0, 5 and 10 incubation day, but the 15 Day Group improved the hatching percentage. One day after hatching, chicks were decapitated, and CNS tissue was dissected. Myelin markers, as cerebrosides and CNP, were determined in cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord of the four groups. They were reduced in cerebrum and brain stem of the 0, 5 and 10 Day Groups, but in the 15 Day Group they were in normal levels. Cerebellum presented normal myelin marker contents in each group studied, while spinal cord only presented decreased marker contents in the 5 Day Group. UDP galactose-ceramide galactosyl transferase (EC 2.4.1.45) activity was reduced in whole brain of chicks born from eggs treated preincubation. The results show the importance of time drug application and suggest that the vulnerable period in CNS development includes proliferation and development of myelin forming cells. Among CNS regions, cerebrum and brain stem seem to be the most vulnerable to the toxic action of 2,4-D b.e. in the chick.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Exact, National University of Rio Cuarto.
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Duffard
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Mori de Moro
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Evangelista de Duffard
mesh_terms: D015087:2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005700:Galactosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D005700:Galactosyltransferases; D015087:2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases