title: Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of urinary calculi by use of the internal-standard method and reference intensity ratios.
abstract: The internal-standard method and the powder diffractometer have been applied here to the quantitative determination of urinary stone constituents by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Reference intensity ratios determined for six stone substances were used in the reduction of intensity data. Constituent concentrations calculated for 21 stones were compared with values obtained from an element-sensitive technique. We conclude that XRD analysis alone cannot be regarded as a routine technique for the quantitative characterization of uroliths, but that semiquantitative XRD analysis supplemented by accurate quantitative elemental data is more suitable for the precise determination of true stone composition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Republic of South Africa.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wandt
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rodgers
mesh_terms: D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D017886:Durapatite; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000032:analysis; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D000069877:Struvite; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000032:analysis*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; C016189:whewellite; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid; C016188:weddellite; D017886:Durapatite; D000069877:Struvite; D008274:Magnesium; C494366:calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate