title: Class-specific cell death shapes the distribution and pattern of central projection of cat retinal ganglion cells.
abstract: The development of the nasotemporal division in cat retina was studied. We find that in the normally pigmented neonatal cat significant numbers of ganglion cells of all types in temporal retina project to the contralateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd); far fewer cells in temporal retina project contralaterally to the LGNd in the normal adult. Thus, most of these cells must be eliminated during development. Experimental interruption of one optic tract in the neonate results in the retrograde degeneration of the ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells in the temporal retina ipsilateral to the lesion. Consequent to the loss of the ipsilaterally projecting cells in this hemiretina, many of the ganglion cells projecting to the intact contralateral LGNd, which are normally eliminated, survive. Also, unlike in the normal cat, in which very few of the small ganglion cells in temporal retina project contralaterally to the thalamus, in optic tract sectioned (OTX) cats, significant numbers of the smallest ganglion cells in the temporal retina ipsilateral to the lesion project contralaterally to the intact thalamus. In order to make a quantitative comparison of the distributions of ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting cells in the temporal retinae of normal cats, OTX cats, and neonatal kittens, it was necessary to determine the position of the vertical meridian in all animals. We defined the vertical meridian as the median edge (Stone, 1966). The median edge was determined from the distribution of the most nasally located, ipsilaterally projecting cells in temporal retina. The results indicate that the angle of the vertical meridian (median edge) with respect to the area centralis and optic disc is specified before birth and does not differ in normal cats, OTX cats, or neonatal kittens. Since the location of the vertical meridian does not change with age in postnatal life and is not affected by optic tract section, corresponding regions of retina in the different groups could be compared. A quantitative analysis of ganglion cell density in the temporal retina contralateral to the section, ipsilateral to the intact hemisphere, indicated that there was a reduction in the population of ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells that was complementary to the abnormally large number of contralaterally projecting cells surviving in the temporal retina ipsilateral to the lesion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Leventhal
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schall
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ault
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Provis
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Vitek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002415:Cats; D002470:Cell Survival; D003714:Denervation; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase