title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between nisoldipine and propranolol.
abstract: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of nisoldipine, a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium entry blocker, and the lipophilic beta-adrenoceptor blocker propranolol were assessed alone and in combination in 12 healthy men. Oral nisoldipine, 20 mg, or placebo was followed 1 hour later by propranolol, 40 mg, or placebo using a randomized, crossover, double-blind design. Nisoldipine significantly increased the AUC (+43%) and peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax) (+68%) of propranolol resulting in a higher degree of beta-adrenoceptor blockade (as assessed by isoproterenol). Conversely, nisoldipine's AUC (+30%) and Cmax (+57%) were increased with concomitant administration of propranolol. Nisoldipine did not affect blood pressure but caused significant decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR) and increases in plasma catecholamines and cardiac index. Forearm vascular resistance and blood flow changed more markedly than did TPR and cardiac index. In contrast, propranolol had little effect on forearm hemodynamics despite significant decreases in cardiac index and increases in TPR. The data are compatible with changes in hepatic blood flow, accounting for the pharmacokinetic interaction of nisoldipine and propranolol. Different vascular beds appear to contribute to the effects of nisoldipine vs. propranolol on peripheral resistance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toronto, Western Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Ogilvie
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Leenen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D015737:Nisoldipine; D011433:Propranolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D015737:Nisoldipine; D011433:Propranolol; D009543:Nifedipine