title: Radiologic anatomy of the genital venous system in female patients with varicocele.
abstract: The diagnosis of varicocele in a female patient is difficult clinically. Until recently, only celioscopy and uterine phlebography were helpful. We have developed a new method for diagnosis of the pelvic varicocele using retrograde phlebography of the ovarian and iliac veins. Thirty-three women with pelvic pains and disorders of the menstrual cycle have been studied. In 15 patients, an insufficiency of the left ovarian vein was revealed. In three of the patients, an analogous insufficiency of the right ovarian vein was also recognized, along with chronic bilateral stasis in the pampiniform plexes. An insufficiency of the left iliac vein was present in seven of the patients without ovarian varicocele. The average age of the women without ovarian reflux was lower (22.5 years) than that of women with reflux (36.6 years) (p less than 0.01). In this last group of patients, the number of pregnancies was greater (30 children) than in the group without reflux (two children) (chi-square = 12.75; p less than 0.001). This indicates how parity plays an important role in the determination of the appearance of a varicocele. We conclude that the diagnosis of pelvic varicocele may be made by a new diagnostic method represented by retrograde phlebography of the ovarian and iliac veins. The use of it in patients with chronic pelvic pains and disorders of the menstrual cycle of unknown nature can be done routinely.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Unit, U.S.L., Amantea (CS), Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giacchetto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catizone
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Cotroneo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cavallaro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cammisuli
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Minutolo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodolico
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007084:Iliac Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010053:Ovary / Q000098:blood supply*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010298:Parity; D010388:Pelvis; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply*; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*