title: The effect of halothane, isoflurane, and verapamil on ischemic-isolated rabbit renal tubules.
abstract: The effects of the volatile anesthetics halothane and isoflurane, and the calcium entry blocker verapamil, were studied in isolated rabbit renal tubules under nonischemic and simulated ischemic conditions. Isolated rabbit renal tubules were subjected to zero (control), 30 (I-30), or 60 (I-60) minutes of simulated ischemia following the method of Weinberg. Following the ischemic period, tubules were reoxygenated in a Gilson respirometer (simulated reperfusion) and treated with either halothane (1%) or isoflurane (1%) in the controls and at I-30, or halothane (1%, 2%, 4%) or verapamil (5 microM, 15 microM, 30 microM) at I-60. Tubules were analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (measuring cell membrane integrity), intracellular potassium and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and oxygen consumption (cellular respiratory rate). In nonischemic tubules, exposure to 1% isoflurane caused significantly reduced LDH release compared with that released by controls, indicating cell membrane protection, whereas 1% halothane had no effect on these cells. With 30 min of ischemia, 1% isoflurane was associated with significantly higher cellular LDH release and lower ATP concentration, suggesting increased cellular damage. Halothane (1%) was associated with only an increased ATP concentration in tubules exposed to 30 min of ischemia. Following 60 min of ischemia, halothane (4%) decreased LDH release by 45% (29.2 +/- 2.3% vs. 47.0 +/- 9.6% without halothane). Tubules exposed to halothane also had higher intracellular potassium and ATP concentrations, and increased respiratory rates. Halothane (2%) was less protective and only increased the ATP concentration. The release of LDH was not statistically different with or without 2% halothane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hjelmhaug
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Southard
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D015424:Reperfusion; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D014700:Verapamil; D007530:Isoflurane; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D011188:Potassium; D006221:Halothane