title: Protein kinase C activity appears to be required for the synthesis of platelet-activating factor and leukotriene B4 by human neutrophils.
abstract: Human neutrophils synthesize platelet-activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) when stimulated with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. These processes are enhanced to a variable extent by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a direct activator of protein kinase C. The long chain amines sphingosine, stearylamine (Hannun, Y.A., Loomis, C.R., Merrill, A.H., Jr., and Bell, R.M. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 12604-12609), and palmitoylcarnitine competitively inhibit activation of purified protein kinase C in vitro and inhibit protein kinase C-mediated activation of the respiratory burst in human neutrophils (Wilson, E., Olcott, M.C., Bell, R.M., Merrill, A.H., Jr., and Lambeth, J.D. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 12616-12623). These amines were found to inhibit A23187-induced PAF and LTB4 synthesis. Inhibition of PAF and LTB4 synthesis occurred in parallel; half-maximal inhibition by sphingosine occurred at 7 microM, with complete inhibition at 15 microM. PMA by itself did not induce the synthesis of PAF or LTB4, although it did enhance PAF and LTB4 synthesis at suboptimal concentrations of A23187. PMA reversed long chain amine inhibition of PAF and LTB4 accumulation. Reversal of the inhibition of PAF and LTB4 accumulation occurred in parallel, was concentration-dependent, and was complete by approximately 3 x 10(-8) M PMA. The inactive 4 alpha-phorbol didecanoate ester did not reverse inhibition at these concentrations. Sphingosine completely prevented the A23187-induced release of [3H]arachidonate and its various metabolites from [3H]arachidonate-labeled cells. PMA, but not 4 alpha-phorbol didecanoate, restored arachidonate release and its metabolism. Therefore, while activation of protein kinase C is not sufficient to induce PAF and LTB4 synthesis, its action appears to be required to couple a rise in intracellular Ca2+ to their synthesis. This coupling occurs at the level of the initial reaction in the production of lipid mediators, a phospholipase A2-like activity that mobilizes the two substrates 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and arachidonic acid from complex lipids.
authors.affiliation: Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Reinhold
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D010172:Palmitoylcarnitine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D010172:Palmitoylcarnitine; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C009317:stearylamine; D013110:Sphingosine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate