title: The heel-tip test for restricted tarsal motion.
abstract: We describe a simple test that selectively reveals restricted tarsal motion. From functional anatomic data, it is evident that talocalcaneal motion, being essential for intrinsic tarsal mobility, is correlated with rotation of the tibia when tested in a standing person. When supination of the weight-bearing foot generates only a limited external rotation of the tibia, tarsal pathology must be assumed. In 9 feet with a talocalcaneal coalition, axial tibial rotation with the heel-tip test averaged only 8.4 degrees in contrast to an average rotation of 27 degrees in 60 control feet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Koeweiden
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: van Empel
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: van Horn
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Slooff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006365:Heel / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012399:Rotation; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013484:Supination; D013640:Tarsal Joints / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013977:Tibia / Q000503:physiopathology*