title: Symptomatic secondary hormone syndromes in patients with established malignant pancreatic endocrine tumors.
abstract: Over a five-year period, we measured concentrations of gut hormones in plasma samples from 353 patients in whom diagnoses of pancreatic endocrine tumors were subsequently confirmed. A median of 19 months (range, 7 to 120) after the initial diagnosis, 24 of these patients (6.8 percent) had elevated concentrations of other hormones in association with new clinical symptoms. In 13 of these patients (8 with glucagonomas, 3 with tumors secreting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and 2 with insulinomas), hypergastrinemia developed along with the clinical features of a gastrinoma; 5 patients died of gastrointestinal perforation or bleeding, apparently caused by this second tumor. We conclude that patients with pancreatic endocrine tumors, regardless of their initial clinical picture, require continued surveillance for new elevations of hormones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, U.K.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wynick
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bloom
mesh_terms: D007516:Adenoma, Islet Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005755:Gastrins / Q000378:metabolism; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D005935:Glucagonoma / Q000378:metabolism; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D003969:Vipoma / Q000378:metabolism; D015043:Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins; D006728:Hormones; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D005934:Glucagon