title: Enhancement of cAMP levels and of protein kinase activity by tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 in human fibroblasts: role in the induction of interleukin 6.
abstract: Although tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) affect many cell functions, the molecular mechanisms of TNF and IL-1 action are not understood. Our present study shows that exposure of human FS-4 fibroblasts to TNF or IL-1 caused a rapid accumulation of intracellular cAMP and an increase in protein kinase activity. Intracellular cAMP levels peaked 3-5 min after the addition of TNF or IL-1 and returned to basal level by 15 min. Increased phosphorylation of histone HII-B protein was demonstrated with extracts prepared from TNF- or IL-1-treated cells, suggesting an increase in cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. No evidence was obtained for protein kinase C activation in TNF-treated FS-4 cells. TNF, IL-1, and forskolin all stimulated interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA levels in FS-4 cells. The protein kinase inhibitor H-8, inhibiting preferentially cAMP-dependent kinase activity, reduced forskolin-stimulated IL-6 mRNA induction more strongly than TNF- or IL-1-driven IL-6 mRNA induction. These results suggest that activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by TNF and IL-1 is important in some actions of these cytokines. In addition, our data on IL-6 induction by TNF and IL-1 suggest that other, yet unidentified, signal transduction mechanisms contribute to TNF and IL-1 actions on gene expression in human fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilcek
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011494:Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C