title: t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole as an inhibitor of tumor cell respiration.
abstract: The effect of t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), a widely used food antioxidant additive, on the culture growth, oxygen consumption, and redox state of some electron carriers of intact TA3 and 786A ascites tumor cells has been studied. BHA inhibited culture growth and respiration of these two tumor cell lines, by inhibiting the electron flow through the respiratory chain. Experiments to determine its site of action showed that BHA did not inhibit noticeably the electron flow through cytochrome oxidase, due to the ability of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine to bypass the BHA inhibition of the respiration. Electron flow through the ubiquinone-cytochrome b-c1 complex also was unaffected by BHA; in fact, BHA failed to inhibit the oxidation of duroquinol. Spectrophotometric experiments are in accordance with studies carried out using synthetic electron donors. The redox state of NAD(P)+, determined in steady-state conditions, changed to a more reduced level, and the redox states of ubiquinone, cytochrome b, cytochromes c + c1 and cytochromes a + a3 changed to a more oxidized level. These observations suggest that the electron transport in the tumor mitochondria was inhibited by BHA at the NADH-dehydrogenase-ubiquinone level (energy-conserving site 1). These findings could explain, in part, the cytotoxic effect of BHA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fones
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amigo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gallegos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009637:Masoprocol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; D009637:Masoprocol