title: Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates monocyte and tissue macrophage proliferation and enhances their responsiveness to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
abstract: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a specific humoral growth factor that stimulates both neutrophilic granulocyte and macrophage production by bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells. GM-CSF also stimulates the proliferation and clonal growth of both tissue macrophages and blood monocytes. Although at low concentrations GM-CSF was unable to support the long-term growth of tissue macrophages, it greatly enhanced their responsiveness to macrophage CSF (M-CSF, or CSF-1). This effect was also observed by treating macrophages with GM-CSF for a short time. GM-CSF did not compete with M-CSF for binding to M-CSF receptors nor was it inactivated by treatment with anti-M-CSF antiserum. Treatment of tissue macrophages with GM-CSF led to a rapid but transient downregulation of M-CSF receptors; prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C, however, resulted in a restoration and upregulation of M-CSF receptors. Identical effects were observed with both native or recombinant GM-CSF. This study suggests that GM-CSF regulates tissue macrophage production by two modes of action: (a) direct stimulation of macrophage proliferation, and (b) enhancement of their responsiveness to M-CSF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000166:cytology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000187:drug effects; D016184:Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D016184:Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor