title: Metabolism of the chemopreventive retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide by mammary gland in organ culture.
abstract: N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) is considered to be the most effective chemopreventive retinoid for chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. However, the mechanism of 4-HPR action in mammary cells is poorly understood. In the present study we examined the metabolism of 4-HPR in the mouse mammary gland in organ culture. Mammary glands excised from BALB/c mice were incubated with 4-HPR in the presence of insulin, prolactin and steroid hormones for 6 days. The glands were extracted with chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v), and the metabolites were separated on a reversed-phase h.p.l.c. column. Three metabolites were separated in addition to 4-HPR; one of the metabolites, M2, was co-eluted with 13-cis-4-HPR, M3 was co-eluted with N-(4-methoxyphenyl)retinamide (4-MPR) and M1 remains unidentified. There appeared to be some hormonal regulation in the distribution of metabolites in the glands. Increased levels of 4-MPR and M1 were observed in insulin-plus-prolactin-treated glands as compared with the glands incubated with steroid hormones. Furthermore, it was observed that M1 isolated from the livers of 4-HPR-treated rats competed for the cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) sites; however, 4-HPR did not bind to CRABP. These results indicate that mouse mammary gland can metabolize 4-HPR and that the metabolites which compete for CRABP sites may have physiological significance in the retinoid inhibition of mammary carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pathophysiology, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60616.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hultin
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D017313:Fenretinide; D006728:Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D013997:Time Factors; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006728:Hormones; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D017313:Fenretinide; D014212:Tretinoin; C058346:N-(4-methoxyphenyl)retinamide