title: Insulin-receptor phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatases.
abstract: Calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase has been proposed to be an important phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase. The ability of the enzyme to attack autophosphorylated insulin receptor was examined and compared with the known ability of the enzyme to act on autophosphorylated epidermal-growth-factor (EGF) receptor. Purified calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase was shown to catalyse the complete dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosyl-(insulin receptor). When compared at similar concentrations, 32P-labelled EGF receptor was dephosphorylated at greater than 3 times the rate of 32P-labelled insulin receptor; both dephosphorylations exhibited similar dependence on metal ions and calmodulin. Native phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatases in cell extracts were also characterized. With rat liver, heart or brain, most (75%) of the native phosphatase activity against both 32P-labelled insulin and EGF receptors was recovered in the particulate fraction of the cell, with only 25% in the soluble fraction. This subcellular distribution contrasts with results of previous studies using artificial substrates, which found most of the phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase activity in the soluble fraction of the cell. Properties of particulate and soluble phosphatase activity against 32P-labelled insulin and EGF receptors are reported. The contribution of calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity to phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase activity in cell fractions was determined by utilizing the unique metal-ion dependence of calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase. Whereas Ni2+ (1 mM) markedly activated the calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, it was found to inhibit potently both particulate and soluble phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase activity. In fractions from rat liver, brain and heart, total phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase activity against both 32P-labelled receptors was inhibited by 99.5 +/- 6% (mean +/- S.E.M., 30 observations) by Ni2+. Results of Ni2+ inhibition studies were confirmed by other methods. It is concluded that in cell extracts phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatases other than calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase are the major phosphotyrosyl-(insulin receptor) and -(EGF receptor) phosphatases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemical and Physiological Sciences, University of Southampton, U.K.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Sale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D051381:Rats; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D019703:Calcineurin; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases