title: Recombinant human interleukin-3 stimulation of hematopoiesis in humans: loss of responsiveness with differentiation in the neutrophilic myeloid series.
abstract: Recombinant human (rh) interleukin-3 (IL-3) stimulated the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid, granulocyte, macrophage, eosinophil (Eo), and mixed colonies as well as megakaryocytes from human bone marrow cells. rh IL-3 was a weaker stimulus than rh granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for day 14 myeloid cell colonies. At day 7 of incubation, rh IL-3 stimulated a few G, M, and Eo clusters but no colonies. This loss of responsiveness of myeloid cells to rh IL-3 was accentuated with further differentiation of the cells. rh IL-3 stimulated very few or no clones after five-day incubation with enriched promyelocytes and myelocytes, whereas rh GM-CSF was an efficient stimulus. Responsiveness to rh IL-3 was completely lost in postmitotic mature neutrophils. Incubation of these cells with rh IL-3 did not result in enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of tumor cells or superoxide anion production after stimulation with formyl-methyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), although they could be stimulated by rh GM-CSF. In addition, preincubation of neutrophils with different concentrations of rh IL-3 failed to increase or decrease their response to rh GM-CSF. In contrast to neutrophils, mature Eos could be stimulated by rh IL-3 to kill antibody-coated tumor cells. These results show that cells of the neutrophilic myeloid series lose their responsiveness to h IL-3 as they differentiate and suggest that although h IL-3 may be an important therapeutic agent to use for hematopoietic regeneration in vivo, the lack of stimulation of mature neutrophil function makes it an unlikely sole candidate as adjunct therapy for treatment of infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Dyson
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: To
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Milton
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Juttner
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vadas
mesh_terms: D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity / Q000187:drug effects; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002999:Clone Cells; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D007377:Interleukin-3; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013481:Superoxides; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D004247:DNA