title: Adrenergic blocking agents and the kidney.
abstract: The acute and chronic renal effects of the beta-adrenergic antagonists, alpha 1-adrenergic antagonists, central alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, and central and/or peripheral adrenergic-neuronal blocking agents are reviewed. In general, beta-adrenergic antagonists have little or no clinical effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow or renal blood flow (ERPF/RBF), renal vascular resistance (RVR), urinary sodium or potassium excretion, free water clearance, or body fluid composition. The alpha 1-adrenergic antagonists (prazosin and indoramin) have little or no clinical effect on GFR and ERPF/RBF; however, RVR is reduced. Sodium excretion is also reduced, leading to salt and water retention. The central alpha 2-adrenergic agonists (alpha-methyldopa, clonidine, and guanabenz) have little or no clinical effect on GFR and ERPF/RBF; however, RVR is reduced. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and body fluid composition are unchanged. Free water clearance may be increased. The central and peripheral adrenergic-neuronal blocking agent reserpine has little or no clinical effect on GFR and ERPF/RBF; however, RVR is reduced. Urinary sodium, potassium, and water excretion and body fluid composition are unchanged. Finally, the peripheral adrenergic-neuronal blocking agents (guanadrel and guanethidine) decrease GFR and ERPF/RBF; RVR is also reduced. The filtered load and fractional excretion of sodium is decreased, producing expansion of body fluid spaces and weight gain.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001834:Body Water / Q000187:drug effects; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006145:Guanethidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D010953:Plasma Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D006146:Guanidines; C004945:guanadrel; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium; D006145:Guanethidine