title: The pineal gland: anatomy, physiology, and clinical significance.
abstract: Since the discovery of melatonin approximately 25 years ago, there has been intense study regarding the details of the structure and function of the pineal gland. This work is reviewed, with particular emphasis on those aspects of importance to human physiology and disease.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Erlich
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Apuzzo
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia; D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003863:Depression / Q000378:metabolism; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D008550:Melatonin / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000378:metabolism; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D010507:Periodicity; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011627:Puberty; D012160:Retina / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D012640:Seizures / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000378:metabolism; D014668:Vasotocin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D012701:Serotonin; D008550:Melatonin; D014668:Vasotocin