title: Does protamine chloride neutralize low molecular weight heparin sufficiently?
abstract: The heparin neutralizing properties of protamine chloride on conventional heparin (porcine mucosa) and on low molecular weight heparin (Kabi 2165) were studied in vitro. Protamine chloride neutralized 99% of the delaying effect of conventional heparin on the activated partial thromboplastin time, whereas only 70% of the effect of low molecular weight heparin was neutralized. The neutralizing effect of protamine chloride on the inhibition of factor Xa (clot test) was 95% for conventional heparin and 55% for low molecular weight heparin, whereas the effect of both heparin preparations on the thrombin inhibition could be completely neutralized. We conclude that conventional heparin is neutralized more effectively in vitro by protamine chloride than is the low molecular weight heparin. The findings do not exclude that protamine chloride is able to suppress in vivo bleedings caused by low molecular weight heparin.
authors.affiliation: Klinikum der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, I. Medizinische Klinik, Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gram
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mercker
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Bruhn
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015951:Factor Xa; D006494:Heparin Antagonists; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D011479:Protamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D013918:Thrombin Time
chemical_list: D006494:Heparin Antagonists; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D011479:Protamines; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D015951:Factor Xa