title: An analysis of the hypothalamic sites at which substituted benzamide drugs act to facilitate gastric emptying in the guinea-pig.
abstract: An analysis of the hypothalamic sites at which the substituted benzamides, metoclopramide and clebopride, act to facilitate gastric emptying was undertaken in the guinea-pig. Standard stereotaxic techniques for intracerebral injection via chronically indwelling intracerebral guides were combined with measurement of gastric emptying by fluoroscopic following of the passage of barium sulphate spheroids from the stomach. Injections were made at 7 different locations within the hypothalamus at Ant. 8.0, 8.9 and 9.6, Lat. +/- 1.0, +/- 1.6, +/- 2.2 (relative to the stereotaxic frame) and at 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0 mm below guide tips in the cortex. The most sensitive sites for gastric facilitation by the substituted benzamides were located at Ant. 8.9, Lat. +/- 1.6, Vert. -8.0, -9.0, the "perifornical area". As the distance of the injection site from the area of the fornix increased, so the facilitatory gastric action diminished, with marked delays or loss in response occurring when injection sites were moved 1 mm above, 0.6 mm lateral, 0.4 mm medial, 0.9 mm posterior or 0.7 mm anterior. The facilitatory gastric actions of metoclopramide and clebopride in the perifornical area of the hypothalamus were not mimicked by haloperidol, domperidone or sulpiride. Atropine, injected into the hypothalamus, markedly reduced gastric emptying; hexamethonium was less effective, and phentolamine, propranolol and methysergide were inactive. Atropine (but not hexamethonium, phentolamine, propranolol or methysergide), injected into the hypothalamus, dose-dependently antagonised the facilitatory gastric action of metoclopramide injected at the same site. Carbachol (but not serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine or apomorphine), injected into the perifornical area, caused marked facilitation of gastric emptying.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Costall
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gunning
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Naylor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology*; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013217:Starvation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; C014417:clebopride; D008787:Metoclopramide