title: Effect of glutamine deprivation and glutamate or ammonium chloride addition on growth rate, metabolism and differentiation of human colon cancer cell-line HT29.
abstract: Effect of glutamine deprivation (GLN- medium) and of its replacement by 4mM ammonium chloride (GLN-/NH4+ medium) or by 4mM glutamate (GLN-/Gt+ medium) was studied on growth rate, morphology and metabolism of HT29 human colon cancer cells. Growth rates were modified as follows: at the first passage, growth of GLN- cells was strongly decreased (doubling time: 192 hr vs 32 hr in control cells grown in GLN+ medium); GLN-/NH4+ cells and GLN-/Gt+ cells were found to have doubling times of 72 and 70 hr, respectively. At the 8th passage, doubling times were decreased in all cases, being: 144 hr for GLN- cells, 60 hr for GLN-/NH4+ cells and 24 hr for GLN-/Gt+ cells, which indicates a capacity of adaptation of the cell-line to new culture conditions. GLN- cells and GLN-/NH4+ cells were found to exhibit an enterocytic type of differentiation (polarization of the cell layer with apical and cystic brush border and tight junctions); GLN-/Gt+ cells remained undifferentiated and comparable to control GLN+ cells. Glycogen level varied according to the phases of the culture, with a trend to lower level in glutamine deprived cells; glucose uptake and lactate production varied as a function of the medium composition and of the phases of the culture. At the 8th passage, all the glutamine deprived cells produced less lactate than control; GLN-/Gt+ cells were found to utilize less glucose than others.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Viallard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trocheris
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Murat
mesh_terms: D000643:Ammonium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005971:Glutamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron
chemical_list: D005971:Glutamates; D007773:Lactates; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006003:Glycogen; D005947:Glucose