title: Influence of extracellular calcium and nifedipine on alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated contractile responses in isolated rat and cat cerebral and mesenteric arteries.
abstract: The influence of extracellular Ca2+ and nifedipine on contractile responses to 10 microM noradrenaline (NA) was investigated in isolated rat and cat middle cerebral (RCA, CCA) and mesenteric (RMA, CMA) arteries. In the CCA (containing predominantly alpha 2-adrenoceptors), the NA-induced contractions developed considerably more slowly than in the RCA, RMA (containing mainly alpha 1-adrenoceptors) and CMA (sensitive to both alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor selective antagonists). The tonic component of the NA-induced contraction in the four types of artery was substantially suppressed after only short periods in Ca2+-free solution. In each type of artery, excluding the CCA, the contractile response to 124 mM K+ was more sensitive to Ca2+ deprivation than that to NA. This suggests that NA, besides mobilizing extracellular Ca2+, can also release Ca2+ from an intracellular pool in the RCA, RMA and CMA, but not in the CCA. Thus, alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated contractions in the RCA and RMA seem to depend on both Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ release, whereas alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated contractile responses in the CCA appear to rely almost entirely on Ca2+ influx. Both the maximum response and the tonic component of the NA-induced contraction were significantly more sensitive to nifedipine in the CCA than in the RCA. In comparison with the NA-induced contractions in these arteries, those in the RMA and CMA were relatively resistant to nifedipine. In the CCA exposed to NA in Ca2+-free medium, nifedipine almost abolished the contraction induced by re-addition of Ca2+, whereas in the other types of artery, Ca2+ re-application evoked a significant contraction also in the presence of the drug. The differential effects of nifedipine presumably reflect differences between the arteries, not only in the relative contribution of Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ release to the contractile activation, but also in the nifedipine sensitivity of the Ca2+ entry pathways utilized by NA. It is concluded that the mechanisms through which NA induces contraction seem to be related both to the subtype of alpha-adrenoceptor stimulated by NA and to the type of vessel studied.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skärby
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Högestätt
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D002415:Cats; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000187:drug effects*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D015016:Yohimbine; D012964:Sodium; D011433:Propranolol; D003042:Cocaine; D009543:Nifedipine; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium; D009638:Norepinephrine; D011224:Prazosin