title: Handedness and the laterality of breast cancer in women.
abstract: In a pilot study of 138 women with mastectomies that explored the consistent finding of more left breast cancer in American women, associations were found among handedness, initial breast cancer laterality, and age. To test these findings further, 889 subjects were added to the original sample. The resulting sample of 1,027 consisted of 861 right-handed, 94 ambihanded, and 72 left-handed subjects aged 21 to 84. A chi-square test showed a statistically significant association between ipsilateral breast cancer before age 45 and contralateral breast cancer after age 44 in right-handers, chi 2 (1, n = 861) = 4.169, p less than .05. The association was also significant for left-handers, chi 2 (1, n = 72) = 4.036, p less than .05. In addition, a chi-square test showed a statistically significant association between handedness and earlier development of breast cancer, chi 2 (1, n = 933) = 13.9, p less than .01. Almost twice as high a percentage of left-handers as right-handers developed breast cancer before age 45. Log-linear analysis demonstrated no significant associations of nodes with either handedness or age. Overall, there was no statistically significant association between the laterality of breast cancer and a history of breast cancer in a primary relative, chi 2 (1, n = 1,024) = 1.38, p greater than .05. In some presently unknown way, lateral asymmetries of neurotransmitters may contribute to an explanation of the findings.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents