title: A review of the sheep-multiple sclerosis connection.
abstract: This paper reviews a notion that the prevalence of multiple sclerosis is high in global areas where sheep populations are concentrated. Pilot studies are reported to serum antibodies in humans to three sheep diseases; focal symmetrical encephalomalacia (FSE), maedi visna and sarcocystis. In MS patients and controls antibodies were not found to the epsilon neurotoxin of the FSE organism, Clostridium welchii type D and to a caprine retrovirus that is closely related to maedi-visna virus. However, 34% of MS and control patients had antibodies to the protozoan parasite Sarcocystis spp., tissue cysts of which contain a powerful neurotoxin, sarcocystin. It is suggested that epidemiological MS prevalence rates for country areas of southern Australia require further study along with an examination for the prevalence of MS in vegetarians.
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Murrell
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D001315:Australia; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D006041:Goats / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D011021:Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000276:immunology; D012522:Sarcocystis / Q000276:immunology; D012523:Sarcocystosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012756:Sheep / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000635:transmission*; D014790:Visna-maedi virus / Q000276:immunology; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; C039811:Clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin