title: Advances in clinical toxicology.
abstract: New data are reviewed in two areas in the management of the acute overdose: gastrointestinal decontamination and systemic antidotes. The mechanism and effectiveness of Ipecac syrup, gastric aspiration and lavage, activated charcoal, gastrointestinal dialysis, and saline cathartics are discussed. Special problems posed by disc batteries and packet ingestion of cocaine (in transporting contraband) are highlighted. The pharmacology and uses of pyridoxine and naloxone as antidotes are detailed.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Boehnert
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lewander
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaudreault
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Lovejoy
mesh_terms: D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002400:Cathartics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002606:Charcoal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003042:Cocaine / Q000506:poisoning; D003679:Deglutition; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000628:therapy; D005751:Gastric Lavage; D006801:Humans; D007486:Ipecac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000506:poisoning; D009270:Naloxone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009294:Narcotics / Q000506:poisoning; D011041:Poisoning / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D013396:Suction; D013997:Time Factors; D014116:Toxicology / Q000639:trends*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D002400:Cathartics; D009294:Narcotics; D002606:Charcoal; D009270:Naloxone; D007486:Ipecac; D003042:Cocaine; D011736:Pyridoxine; D007538:Isoniazid