title: Reversal of thiopental-induced anesthesia by 4-aminopyridine, yohimbine, and doxapram in dogs pretreated with xylazine or acepromazine.
abstract: Groups of atropinized dogs (6 dogs/group) were sedated, using xylazine HCl (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, IM) or acepromazine maleate (0.25 mg/kg, IM), and were anesthetized to loss of pedal reflexes, using thiopental, IV. The dogs were given 1 of the following test antagonists, IV: saline solution (2 ml; control group), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 0.5 mg/kg), yohimbine (0.4 mg/kg), doxapram (5.0 mg/kg), or dual combinations of the latter 3 substances in the same doses as used for each agent. In xylazine-treated dogs, the mean dosage of thiopental required to induce anesthesia was 4.8 mg/kg. Control mean arousal time (MAT) and walk time (MWT) were 37.1 minutes and 53.8 minutes, respectively. These values were decreased to less than 2 minutes and less than 3 minutes, respectively, by yohimbine, 4-AP + yohimbine, and doxapram + yohimbine. With doxapram and with 4-AP + doxapram, MAT was less than 2 minutes and MWT was less than 8 minutes. In acepromazine-treated dogs, the mean dosage of thiopental required for anesthesia was 15.0 mg/kg. Control MAT and MWT were 20.7 minutes and 36.5 minutes, respectively. These values were decreased to 8.1 minutes and 18.1 minutes, respectively, by doxapram, and to 3.5 minutes and 19.9 minutes, respectively, by doxapram + yohimbine. Doxapram, 4-AP + doxapram, and doxapram + yohimbine caused periodic extensor rigidity before and during arousal. This rigidity was accompanied by opisthotonos in 2 dogs of the doxapram + yohimbine group and may have been mild tonic seizures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hatch
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Jernigan
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology; D004315:Doxapram / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D008124:Locomotion; D008297:Male; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000662:veterinary*; D012119:Respiration; D013843:Thiazines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013874:Thiopental / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014991:Xylazine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000631:Aminopyridines; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D013843:Thiazines; D014991:Xylazine; D015016:Yohimbine; D004315:Doxapram; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D013874:Thiopental