title: Mg2+ reduces N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotoxicity in embryonic chick neural retina in vitro.
abstract: N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) is a potent neurotoxin that affects cells in the inner layers of the embryonic chick retina exposed in vitro. After exposure of the embryonic day 12 neural retina to 0.5-10.0 mM NMDA for 30 min, 50-80% of the cells in the inner region of the inner nuclear layer and 50-100% of the cells in the ganglion cell layer were hypochromatic. When retinas were incubated with Mg2+ (0.5-10.0 mM) for 15 min and then incubated with Mg2+ and NMDA (0.5 mM) for 30 min, the NMDA effect in the inner layers was dramatically reduced but not abolished. Removal of Mg2+ before NMDA exposure produced retinas as seriously affected as retinas not exposed to Mg2+. Studying the effects of NMDA inhibitors, such as Mg2+, may help elucidate the mechanism of the cytotoxic events that occur in the retina in response to certain excitatory acidic amino acids.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reif-Lehrer
mesh_terms: D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; D015074:2-Aminoadipic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects*; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015074:2-Aminoadipic Acid; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; D014633:Valine; D008274:Magnesium