title: Frequency and differential diagnosis of depressive syndromes in schizophrenia.
abstract: The frequency, differential diagnosis, and implications of depression occurring in the course of schizophrenia are considered in light of recently reported findings from a follow-up and family study of 500 psychiatric outpatients (the St. Louis 500 Study). Problems in diagnosis are illustrated in an interview of a schizophrenic patient with a history of depression. Nearly 60% of the schizophrenics studied had suffered a depressive syndrome during the course of their schizophrenic illness, supporting the observations of others. The majority of patients with a history of depression who were otherwise diagnosable as schizophrenic had a course of illness consistent with schizophrenia during follow-up. The pattern of illness among first-degree relatives suggested that intercurrent depression did not represent a biologic unity with primary affective disorder. Intercurrent depression should not be overinterpreted in excluding a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cloninger
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Guze
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Clayton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008370:Manuals as Topic; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents