title: Intestinal ion transport and diarrheal disease.
abstract: The physiology of intestinal electrolyte transport is currently an area of intense research interest. Also, reports regularly appear that define possible roles of various endocrine, paracrine, and neurohumoral substances in regulating intestinal ion and water flux. A vast body of knowledge has appeared recently that focuses on the action of specific intracellular mediators or second messengers and certain biochemical events that are thought to be involved in this transport process. This area of research has drawn the attention of the clinical investigator as well as the basic scientist because of the implications of these findings to the understanding of secretory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular diarrheal disease. The purpose of this review is to focus on recent findings reported in three major areas: the physiology of intestinal electrolyte transport and its regulation; the pathophysiology of secretory diarrhea; and current thoughts and practices in the therapeutic approach to the disease.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fondacaro
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D015289:Leukotrienes; D008954:Models, Biological; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000502:physiology; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D002712:Chlorides; D004573:Electrolytes; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D015289:Leukotrienes; D009294:Narcotics; D010640:Phenothiazines; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; C022022:5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid; C025348:arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide; D002217:Carbachol; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D012964:Sodium; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; C031637:phenothiazine; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate