title: Severe metabolic acidosis induced in a patient during fasting by KCl administration.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of an acute metabolic acidosis of the normal anion gap type which developed during a 3 day period when 64 mmol of KCl was administered daily to an obese but otherwise healthy subject fasted for 2 weeks (called the index case). She had typical ketoacidosis of fasting for the first 13 days of fasting; since the plasma [K] was 3.6 mmol/l, she was given 64 mmol of KCl daily for 3 days. On day 3 of KCl treatment, the plasma [HCO3] was 13 mmol/l with no change in the plasma anion gap or 3-hydroxybutyrate concentration; the plasma [K] had risen to 4.3 mmol/l. The cause of the acidosis was a reduction of urine ammonium excretion by 42 mmol/day without a parallel fall in the rate of 3-hydroxybutyrate excretion. Since renal ammonium production can be inhibited by K administration, 5 other obese subjects were studied in a similar fashion to gain insight into the problem. They had a similar reduction in the daily rate of ammonium excretion (41 mmol) after KCl; however, their daily 3-hydroxybutyrate excretions declined by a similar amount (47 mmol) and thus metabolic acidosis did not develop.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, Toronto Western Hospital.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Leiter
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Josse
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Halperin
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D000138:Acidosis / Q000209:etiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000641:Ammonia / Q000652:urine; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000097:blood; D005215:Fasting / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000652:urine; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D000641:Ammonia; D011188:Potassium; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid