title: The sympathetic skin response: normal values, elucidation of afferent components and application limits.
abstract: The sympathetic skin response (SSR), recorded at the hand and foot, was elicited using different classes of stimuli in 20 normal controls and 10 patients with peripheral neuropathy. We found that SSR latencies changed significantly with different recording sites, but not with different stimulation sites. Additionally, after ischemic conduction block of the arm in 3 normal controls, the previously obtainable SSR recorded at the hand became unobtainable with median nerve stimulation. Also, in one patient with subacute ganglionitis and 3 patients with demyelinating neuropathies, the SSR could not be elicited by electrical stimulation, but it could with deep inspiration. These results suggest that large diameter myelinated fibers may serve as afferents for the SSR. Furthermore, these findings imply that an unobtainable SSR by electrical stimulation may be due not only to dysfunction of the autonomic efferent nerve fibers, but also to abnormalities of the sensory afferents of the reflex. Therefore, investigations of autonomic dysfunction utilizing the SSR must be interpreted with caution in patients with peripheral neuropathies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Neurology and Sciences of Behavior, University of Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uncini
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pullman
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Lovelace
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gambi
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005528:Foot; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology