title: Excitatory amino acid analogs evoke release of endogenous amino acids and acetyl choline from chick retina in vitro.
abstract: There is mounting evidence that excitatory amino acids may play a role in retinal synaptic neurotransmission. In this study, we demonstrate the release of endogenous amino acids and acetylcholine from isolated chick retina in vitro evoked by three excitatory amino acid analogs, kainic acid (KA), quisqualic acid (Quis), and N-methyl-D,L-aspartic acid (NMDA). The release is dose-dependent and involves putative transmitters from both inner and outer retina. Release from the inner retina is partially Ca2+-dependent, while release from the outer retina is Ca2+-independent and Na+-dependent. Release experiments carried out in the presence of specific excitatory amino acid blocking agents suggest that the release is mediated by two receptors, the kainate receptor and the NMDA receptor. These results are supportive of a role for excitatory amino acids in synaptic neurotransmission in both inner and outer retina.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Campochiaro
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ferkany
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Coyle
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D016318:Quisqualic Acid; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000502:physiology; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000502:physiology; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical
chemical_list: D000109:Acetylcholine; D000596:Amino Acids; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D002118:Calcium; D007608:Kainic Acid; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D011188:Potassium; D016318:Quisqualic Acid; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; D012964:Sodium