title: Localization, analysis and evolution of transposed human immunoglobulin V kappa genes.
abstract: The localization of V kappa gene regions to chromosome 2, on which the kappa locus is located, and to other chromosomes is described. The V kappa genes that have been transposed to other chromosomes are called orphons. The finding of two new V kappa genes on chromosome 22 is reported. A V kappa II gene of this region and two V kappa I genes of the Chr1 and the cos 118 regions were sequenced. The two V kappa I orphon sequences and two others that had been determined previously were 97.5% identical, indicating that they may have evolved from a common ancestor by amplification. A model of the evolution of the human V kappa orphons is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universität München, F.R.G.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lötscher
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klopstock
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Grzeschik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaenichen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Straubinger
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Zachau
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002889:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin; D006801:Humans; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics*; D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015183:Restriction Mapping
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains