title: Neuropeptide effects on brain development to be expected from behavioral teratology.
abstract: A wealth of literature has become available about lasting functional consequences of perinatal psychotropic drug exposure, having affected brain development in a subtle rather than gross structural way (behavioral teratology or functional neuroteratology). The underlying mechanism is thought to result from changing levels of neurotransmitters during neurogenesis induced by these neuroactive drugs, which as a consequence appears to lead to impaired cell acquisition and receptor setting i.e., to irreversible changes in particular neuronal circuitries. Neuropeptides are true candidates for a neurotransmission function as well, and are also present early in brain development. As for the classical neurotransmitters, a role for neuropeptides in the growth and functional organization of the nervous system, might therefore be expected. Anomalies in neuropeptide levels also would lead to functional neuroteratology. Although not overwhelming, several studies support this view, and the current state is summarized in this paper: a trophic role for some neuropeptides as well as neuroteratological effects upon perinatal manipulation for others were revealed. However, more detailed studies are necessary, certainly also because of the crying need for exposing possible adverse effects at a time when clinical applications of neuropeptides and their analogues are becoming a mode.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Swaab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development*; D004723:Endorphins / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D009074:Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000502:physiology; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004723:Endorphins; D006728:Hormones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; D014667:Vasopressins; D009074:Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones