title: Pharmacological effects of sedative-hypnotics, narcotic analgesics, and alcohol during sleep.
abstract: This article briefly reviews the well known effects of sedative-hypnotics, alcohol and narcotics on sleep. These drugs also have respiratory depressant effects, and the limited information about their effects on sleep-related breathing disturbances is reviewed. They exacerbate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and have moderate to minimal effects on occasional apnea or hypopnea, but do not induce breathing disturbances de novo.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roehrs
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zorick
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Conway
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005479:Flurazepam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009294:Narcotics; D000431:Ethanol; D005479:Flurazepam