title: Oral fluconazole therapy for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cryptococcosis: experience with 22 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cryptococcus neoformans causes infections in up to 10 percent of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Nearly 50 percent of AIDS patients with previously treated cryptococcal meningitis will experience a relapse within six months. To reduce the likelihood of relapse, a maintenance regimen of amphotericin B is often administered weekly. However, the drug's intravenous route of administration and considerable toxicity have led to a search for alternative antifungal agents. In this report, we document our experience with fluconazole, a new oral triazole antifungal agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with AIDS and various forms of cryptococcosis were treated in an open-label study with 50 to 400 mg/day of fluconazole. The following laboratory studies were done on a monthly basis: complete blood cell count, liver function tests, serum creatinine level, serum cryptococcal antigen level, and serum fluconazole level. Lumbar puncture was performed in patients with meningitis every four to eight weeks to evaluate cerebrospinal fluid cryptococcal antigen, India ink preparation findings, fungal culture, fluconazole level, and protein, glucose, and cell count.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of seven patients with active culture-positive infections, four showed clinical and microbiologic responses (three of four with meningitis, one of three with extraneural cryptococcosis). Fifteen patients who had already undergone successful amphotericin B therapy for either meningitis (n = 14) or pneumonia (n = 1) received fluconazole as prophylaxis against relapse. Fourteen patients remained free of infection during 11 to 64 weeks of suppressive therapy; one patient with meningitis experienced relapse after 26 weeks of treatment. Reverse reactions were limited to increases in hepatic enzyme levels in four patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results appear sufficiently encouraging to warrant further trials of this oral agent in the suppression of chronic cryptococcosis and perhaps in the treatment of acute infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharkey
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Squires
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Graybill
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015725:Fluconazole; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D014230:Triazoles; D015725:Fluconazole