title: Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A: effects of mutating tyrosine-470 and tyrosine-481 to phenylalanine.
abstract: Directed mutagenesis was used to probe the functions of Tyr-470 and Tyr-481 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA) with respect to cytotoxicity, ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2 (EF-2), and NAD-glycohydrolase activity. Both of these residues lie in the active site cleft, close to Glu-553, a residue believed to play a direct role in catalysis of ADP-ribosylation of EF-2. Substitution of Tyr-470 with Phe caused no change in any of these activities, thus eliminating the possibility that the phenolic hydroxyl group of Tyr-470 might be directly involved in catalysis. Mutation of Tyr-481 to Phe caused an approximately 10-fold reduction in NAD:EF-2 ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and cytotoxicity but no change in NAD-glycohydrolase activity. The latter mutation did not alter the KM of NAD in the NAD-glycohydrolase reaction, which suggests that the phenolic hydroxyl of Tyr-481 does not participate in NAD binding. We hypothesize that the phenolic hydroxyl of Tyr-481 may be involved in the interaction of the toxin with substrate EF-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lukac
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Collier
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001665:Binding Sites; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009244:NAD+ Nucleosidase / Q000235:genetics; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000235:genetics; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D037521:Virulence Factors; D000097668:Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A
chemical_list: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D005098:Exotoxins; D009244:NAD+ Nucleosidase; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D037521:Virulence Factors; D000097668:Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A