title: Frequency of true adverse reactions to measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial in twins.
abstract: The vast majority of adverse reactions following immunisation of children with live measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine were shown in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in 581 twin pairs to be only temporally but not causally related to the vaccination. The true frequency of side-effects caused by MMR vaccine, estimated from the discordance rates of individual signs and symptoms between MMR vaccinees and their placebo-injected twins, was between 0.5 and 4.0%. Moreover, respiratory symptoms, nausea, and vomiting were observed more frequently in the placebo-injected group than in the MMR vaccinated group.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peltola
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Heinonen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009108:Mumps Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012411:Rubella Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014427:Twins; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008458:Measles Vaccine; D009108:Mumps Vaccine; D012411:Rubella Vaccine