title: Important role of glucagon during exercise in diabetic dogs.
abstract: To define the role of immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) during exercise in diabetes, 12 insulin-deprived alloxan-diabetic (A-D) dogs were run for 90 min (100 m/min, 12 degrees) with or without somatostatin (St 0.5 microgram . kg-1 . min-1). Compared with normal dogs, A-D dogs were characterized by similar hepatic glucose production (Ra), lower glucose metabolic clearance, and higher plasma glucose and free fatty acid levels during rest and exercise. In A-D dogs IRG was greater at rest and exhibited a threefold greater exercise increment than controls, whereas immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was reduced by 68% at rest but had similar values to controls during exercise. Basal norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, and lactate levels were similar in normal and A-D dogs. However, exercise increments in norepinephrine, cortisol, and lactate were higher in A-D dogs. When St was infused during exercise in the A-D dogs, IRG was suppressed by 432 +/- 146 pg/ml below basal and far below the exercise response in A-D controls (delta = 645 +/- 153 pg/ml). IRI was reduced by 1.8 +/- 0.2 microU/ml with St. With IRG suppression the increase in Ra seen in exercising A-D controls (delta = 4.8 +/- 1.6 mg . kg-1 . min-1) was virtually abolished, and glycemia fell by 104 to 133 +/- 37 mg/dl. Owing to this decrease in glycemia, the increase in glucose disappearance was attenuated. Despite the large fall in glucose during IRG suppression, counterregulatory increases were not excessive compared with A-D controls. In fact, as glucose levels approached euglycemia, the increments in norepinephrine and cortisol were reduced to levels similar to those seen in normal exercising dogs. In conclusion, IRG suppression during exercise in A-D dogs almost completely obviated the increase in Ra, resulting in a large decrease in plasma glucose. Despite this large fall in glucose, there was no excess counterregulation, since glucose concentrations never reached the hypoglycemic range.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lickley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vranic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005934:Glucagon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D005082:Physical Exertion; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D013004:Somatostatin; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose