title: Neurochemical and neuroendocrine dysregulation in affective disorders.
abstract: Depressed patients demonstrate dysregulation in multiple neurochemical and neuroendocrine systems. The observed abnormalities are often subtle, involving "inefficiencies" in stress-responsive systems. Norepinephrine, acetylcholine, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis are among the major biochemical and hormonal sites of dysregulation in depression.
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.forename: W Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Potter
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000502:physiology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology; D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008550:Melatonin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000502:physiology; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D009435:Synaptic Transmission
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D008550:Melatonin; D000109:Acetylcholine; C012365:6-hydroxymelatonin; D009638:Norepinephrine