Dietary vitamin D and calcium and risk of colorectal cancer: a 19-year prospective study in men.
Mortality rates from colon cancer in the USA are highest in populations exposed to the least amounts of natural sunlight; differences in endogenous vitamin D production and calcium absorption could be responsible. To investigate this possibility, the association of dietary vitamin D and calcium with 19-year risk of colorectal cancer was examined in 1954 men who had completed detailed, 28-day dietary histories in the period 1957-59. Risk of colorectal cancer was inversely correlated with dietary vitamin D and calcium. In the quartiles of a combined index of dietary vitamin D and calcium, from lowest to highest, observed risks of colorectal cancer were 38.9, 24.5, 22.5, and 14.3/1000 population. This association remained significant after adjustment for age, daily cigarette consumption, body mass index, ethanol consumption, and percentage of calories obtained from fat.
Garland
C
C
Shekelle
R B
RB
Barrett-Connor
E
E
Criqui
M H
MH
Rossof
A H
AH
Paul
O
O
D000328:Adult; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012306:Risk; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D