title: Opioid and neurotransmitter regulation of pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors in the ovariectomized estradiol-treated rat: role of altered GnRH secretion.
abstract: An acute transient fall in the number of pituitary GnRH receptors (GnRH-R) is observed before the preovulatory gonadotropin surge in cycling rats and before the afternoon daily gonadotropin surge in ovariectomized estradiol-treated rats. In the latter model, this fall can be reproduced by administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone, whereas the opioid agonist morphine acutely increases GnRH-R. In this study we investigated the mechanisms of this opioid effect and examined the effects of other neurotransmitter substances on modulation of pituitary GnRH-R. Administration of the dopaminergic agonists bromocriptine and L-dopa or the alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker phenoxybenzamine elevated GnRH-R acutely from average basal values of 240 +/- 22 and 254 +/- 21 fmol/mg protein to maximal values of 374 +/- 49, 441 +/- 67 and 461 +/- 75 fmol/mg, respectively, whereas the alpha-adrenergic agonist clonidine transiently decreased GnRH-R to 186 +/- 19 fmol/mg. Placement of radiofrequency lesions in the mediobasal hypothalamus or pretreatment with anti-GnRH serum completely abolished the ability of both morphine and naloxone to modulate the number of GnRH-R. These data indicate that the opioid-induced modulation of pituitary GnRH-R requires an intact hypothalamus and that both dopaminergic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmitter systems may be involved. The final step of this action probably involves acute modulation of GnRH secretion (altered frequency and/or amplitude), which results in acute transient changes in the number of pituitary GnRH-R.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Barkan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papavasiliou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia-Rodriguez
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kelch
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002369:Castration; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007033:Hypothalamus, Middle / Q000502:physiology; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D010906:Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010906:Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D009270:Naloxone; D004958:Estradiol; D009020:Morphine