title: Dietary vitamin D and calcium and risk of colorectal cancer: a 19-year prospective study in men.
abstract: Mortality rates from colon cancer in the USA are highest in populations exposed to the least amounts of natural sunlight; differences in endogenous vitamin D production and calcium absorption could be responsible. To investigate this possibility, the association of dietary vitamin D and calcium with 19-year risk of colorectal cancer was examined in 1954 men who had completed detailed, 28-day dietary histories in the period 1957-59. Risk of colorectal cancer was inversely correlated with dietary vitamin D and calcium. In the quartiles of a combined index of dietary vitamin D and calcium, from lowest to highest, observed risks of colorectal cancer were 38.9, 24.5, 22.5, and 14.3/1000 population. This association remained significant after adjustment for age, daily cigarette consumption, body mass index, ethanol consumption, and percentage of calories obtained from fat.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garland
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Shekelle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Criqui
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rossof
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012306:Risk; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D