Characterization of the autophosphorylation of chicken gizzard caldesmon.
Caldesmon, an actin- and calmodulin-binding protein of smooth muscle, is a protein serine/threonine kinase capable of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent autophosphorylation [Scott-Woo & Walsh (1988) Biochem. J. 252, 463-472]. Phosphorylation nullifies the inhibitory effect of caldesmon on the actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity of smooth-muscle myosin [Ngai & Walsh (1987) Biochem. J. 244, 417-425]. We have characterized the kinase activity of caldesmon of chicken gizzard smooth muscle. Autophosphorylation requires Ca2+/calmodulin, but is unaffected by other second messengers (Ca2+/phospholipid/diacylglycerol, cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP), and is inhibited by the calmodulin antagonists chlorpromazine and compound 48/80, with 50% inhibition at 39.8 microM and 12.0 ng/ml respectively. Half-maximal activation of autophosphorylation occurs at 60-80 nM-Ca2+ and 0.14 microM-calmodulin, and maximal activity at 0.14-0.18 microM-Ca2+ and 1 microM-calmodulin; activation is gradually lost at higher Ca2+ and calmodulin concentrations. Autophosphorylation is pH-dependent, with maximal activity over the range pH 7-9, and requires free Mg2+ in addition to the MgATP2- substrate. The Km for ATP is 15.6 +/- 4.1 microM (mean +/- S.D., n = 4), and kinase activity is inhibited by increasing ionic strength [half-maximal inhibition at I = 0.094 +/- 0.009 M (mean +/- S.D., n = 4)]. Autophosphorylation does not affect the rate of hydrolysis of caldesmon (free or bound to calmodulin) by alpha-chymotrypsin. However, a slight difference in peptides generated from phospho- and dephospho-forms of caldesmon is observed. The binding of phospho- or dephospho-caldesmon to F-actin protects the protein against chymotryptic digestion, but does not alter the pattern of peptide generation. Characterization of proteolytic fragments of caldesmon generated by alpha-chymotrypsin and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease enables localization of the phosphorylation sites and the kinase active site within the caldesmon molecule.
Scott-Woo
G C
GC
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Walsh
M P
MP
D000199:Actins / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002645:Chickens; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D002918:Chymotrypsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation
D000199:Actins; D002147:Calmodulin; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D002918:Chymotrypsin; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D002118:Calcium; D002746:Chlorpromazine