title: Identification in blood stains through DNA typing with C4 and HLA-DR probes.
abstract: A restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using double digestion of DNA preparations with XbaI and BglII restriction enzymes and hybridization with C4 and HLA-DR probes is described. The typing conditions selected reveal extensive individual variation in both C4 and DR gene regions. In our panel of 46 unrelated individuals, 37 different phenotypic patterns were recognized when both probes were used, and preliminary discriminative power values of 0.865 and 0.914 were calculated for C4 and DR beta, respectively. The probability of a chance match using both systems is probably about 1.5.10(-2). The potential of this method for individual identification of blood stains was demonstrated on DNA prepared from 6-month-old dried blood stains from seven panel individuals. The seven individuals were all identified when comparing stain DNA patterns with panel control patterns. No RFLP pattern changes were observed following storage of blood stains. Based on these experiments with C4 and DR beta DNA typing under laboratory conditions, it is concluded that DNA typing with such probes may become a powerful tool in future stain identification analyses.
mesh_terms: D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000379:methods; D001801:Blood Stains; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006681:HLA-D Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D003181:Complement C4; D006681:HLA-D Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D004247:DNA