title: Berenil (diminazene aceturate)-resistant Trypanosoma congolense in cattle under natural tsetse challenge at Kibaha, Tanzania.
abstract: Twenty-nine cattle, naturally infected with Trypanosoma congolense Kibaha, were subjected to chemotherapy with diminazene aceturate (Berenil, Hoechst) at 3.5 to 14.0 mg/kg. Fourteen animals recovered while six were refractory to treatment at 7.0 to 14.0 mg/kg. Further treatment of the Berenil-resistant isolates with isometamidium chloride (Samorin, May and Baker) at 1.0 mg/kg, effected cure. Corresponding chemotherapeutic trials in mice showed that the isolates were resistant to diminazene aceturate at 56.0 mg/kg and sensitive to Samorin at 20.0 mg/kg. It is noted, that T. congolense infections that do not respond to treatment with Berenil at 7.0 mg/kg may indicate development of resistance; the use of Samorin at 1.0 mg/kg or Homidium may be the alternative. The paper calls for judicious use of Berenil and Samorin, as they are the only sanative pairs available for the chemotherapy of bovine trypanosomiasis.
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004133:Diminazene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D051379:Mice; D010617:Phenanthridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013636:Tanzania; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014348:Trypanosoma congolense / Q000187:drug effects*; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D014354:Trypanosomiasis, Bovine / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000578:Amidines; D010617:Phenanthridines; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; C000702:isometamidium chloride; C003915:diminazene aceturate; D004133:Diminazene