title: Colposcopic findings of gland openings in cervical carcinoma: their histological backgrounds.
abstract: During the past 8 years 1501 colposcopies were performed paying a special attention to cervical glands for diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and carcinoma. Normal openings could exclude these diseases at the error rate of only 5.1%, while atypical openings could identify them at the high confidence rate of 96.3%. False positive evaluations were mostly attributable to a marked degree of squamous metaplasia in the glands. The absence of gland openings in the main portion of the lesions amounted to 88.6% in invasive carcinomas but to only 12.4% in CIN. Adenoma malignum was a highly characteristic exception.
mesh_terms: D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology*; D003127:Colposcopy; D005088:Exocrine Glands / Q000473:pathology*; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology