title: Retention of soman in rats, guinea-pigs and marmosets: species-dependent effects of the soman simulator, pinacolyl dimethylphosphinate (PDP).
abstract: Whether the temporary retention of intact soman in the rat and its subsequent delivery from tissues into the circulation of the blood is also demonstrable in guinea-pigs and marmosets has been investigated as was whether the soman simulator PDP (pinacolyl dimethylphosphinate) prevented this retention. Electric eel AChE, intravenously injected 1.5 h after an intravenous soman intoxication into anaesthetized, atropinized and artificially ventilated guinea-pigs (150 micrograms kg-1 soman), marmoset monkeys (100 micrograms kg-1 soman) and rats (330 and 172.5 micrograms kg-1 soman) lost its activity faster than enzyme injected in non-intoxicated animals. Electric eel AChE incubated in the presence of pectoralis or diaphragm muscle isolated from soman-intoxicated rats, guinea-pigs and marmosets 0.5 or 1.5 h after the intoxication, was progressively inhibited, indicating that those muscles still delivered soman into the incubation medium. In rats, PDP (6.4 mg kg-1 i.v.) pretreatment was effective in preventing inhibition of intravenously injected electric eel AChE 1.5 h after intoxication with a high dose of soman (330 micrograms kg-1). But after intoxication with a low dose (172.5 micrograms kg-1), PDP pretreatment was ineffective in this action, however, it did lead to less soman delivery from muscle tissue isolated 30 min following the 172.5 micrograms kg-1 soman intoxication, suggesting that there was less soman in the tissue. In PDP (6.4 mg kg-1 i.v.)-pretreated marmosets (100 micrograms kg-1 soman) and guinea-pigs (150 micrograms kg-1 soman), to the contrary, the trend was for the injected AChE to be more inhibited, whereas only slightly less soman was delivered from isolated muscle tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000494:pharmacology; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002143:Callitrichinae; D004593:Electrophorus; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D010091:Oximes; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D012999:Soman / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D010091:Oximes; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D001285:Atropine; C048957:pinacolyl dimethylphosphinate; D012999:Soman; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C022870:asoxime chloride