title: The metabolic disposition of laudanosine in dog, rabbit, and man.
abstract: This paper summarizes the results of studies of the metabolic fate of laudanosine, a major degradation product of atracurium. Intravenous bolus doses of laudanosine (1-3 mg/kg) were administered to eight dogs and two rabbits anesthetized with halothane, and urine and bile samples were collected for up to 6 hr. Urine samples also were collected from two surgical patients given repetitive doses of atracurium. Metabolites were isolated from all samples using C18-Sep Paks. Treatment of the isolates with beta-glucuronidase followed by purification of the hydrolysate by preparative liquid chromatography provided metabolite fractions which were characterized by analytical liquid chromatography and capillary gas chromatography combined with nitrogen-phosphorus and/or electron ionization-mass spectrometric detection. Reference compounds were employed as chromatographic retention time markers. O-Trimethylsilyl, O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl, and N-trifluoroacetyl derivatives of the metabolites and reference compounds were used for gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis. In all three species, the following metabolites of laudanosine were identified: pseudocodamine (4'-desmethyllaudanosine), pseudolaudanine (6-desmethyllaudanosine), laudanine (3'-desmethyllaudanosine), codamine (7-desmethyllaudanosine), N-norlaudanosine, N-norpseudocodamine, and N-norpseudolaudanine.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004285:Dogs; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D007546:Isoquinolines; C001522:laudanosine