title: A comparative evaluation of intubating doses of atracurium, d-tubocurarine, pancuronium and vecuronium in children.
abstract: To determine the onset and recovery times and haemodynamic effects of intubating doses of atracurium (0.4 mg.kg-1), d-tubocurarine (0.8 mg.kg-1), pancuronium (0.12 mg.kg-1), and vecuronium (0.07 mg.kg-1), sixty-seven children aged one to eight years were studied under halothane and nitrous oxide anaesthesia. The time to maximum twitch depression and the time to recovery to T1/Tc 25 per cent were recorded with an integrated evoked EMG recorder. The heart rate and systolic blood pressure were recorded for five minutes after drug administration and prior to intubation. There was no difference in onset times between drugs. The recovery time to T1/Tc 25 per cent following vecuronium (25.5 +/- 6.3 min) was shorter than following atracurium (37.5 +/- 7.0 min). Recovery times for d-tubocurarine and pancuronium were greater than sixty minutes. Elevation of heart rate occurred after administration of pancuronium (+29.8 per cent to +38.6 per cent) and d-tubocurarine (+31 per cent to +34.9 per cent), but no change was observed after atracurium or vecuronium. Elevation of blood pressure was greatest following pancuronium (+10.8 to +14.8 per cent). No significant change was observed following atracurium or vecuronium. A transient lowering of blood pressure (-9.3 per cent) occurred following d-tubocurarine.
mesh_terms: D001279:Atracurium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004576:Electromyography; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007440:Intubation / Q000379:methods*; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010197:Pancuronium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011897:Random Allocation; D014403:Tubocurarine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D001279:Atracurium; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide; D010197:Pancuronium; D014403:Tubocurarine