title: Comparison of various anesthetic regimens in the domestic fowl.
abstract: Three anesthetic agents (equithesin, metomidate, and ketamine) combined with diazepam were tested in the domestic fowl. Laparotomy and thoractomy were possible with the equithesin/diazepam combination, but only laparotomy was possible with the metomidate/diazepam combination. The combination of ketamine/diazepam did not result in the depth of anesthesia required for surgical procedures. Repeated blood pressure and heart rate measurements were recorded by use of a modified noninvasive Doppler technique. Equithesin/diazepam was our combination of choice for long-duration surgical anesthesia. The depth of anesthesia could be modulated by increasing the dose of diazepam. Metomidate/diazepam was useful when short-term anesthesia was required. In contrast to equithesin/diazepam, the metomidate/diazepam combination provided unstable anesthesia of varying depth and duration. Adverse reactions with metomidate indicated caution when using this drug in chickens; the drug also caused marked bradycardia. Ketamine/diazepam combination cannot be recommended as an anesthetic agent for use in chickens. The combination may be useful for minor surgical procedures or treatment, but not for experimental procedures that involve major surgery. Diazepam alone had a slight tranquilizing effect.
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D002697:Chloral Hydrate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003975:Diazepam; D004338:Drug Combinations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007649:Ketamine; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007093:Imidazoles; C034864:chloropent; D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D007649:Ketamine; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate; D010424:Pentobarbital; D003975:Diazepam