Differential effects of stimulus termination on excitation and desensitization of folic acid receptors and guanylate cyclase in Dictyostelium discoideum.
The response of guanylate cyclase to addition of extracellular stimuli is well documented. Here we report for the first time the response of guanylate cyclase to removal of stimuli. Three methods were employed to terminate rapidly a stimulus of folic acid. (1) Addition of a highly active folate deaminase preparation, or (2) 12-fold dilution of the stimulated cell suspension, or (3) addition of an excess concentration of a non-agonistic derivative of folic acid, i.e., 2-deaminofolic acid, which chases the folate agonist from its cell-surface receptors. Accumulation of cGMP terminated instantaneously upon addition of deaminase, but degradation of the synthesized cGMP was not observed until 10-12 s after stimulation. Also in a cGMP phosphodiesterase-lacking 'streamer' mutant an instantaneous termination of further cGMP accumulation was observed upon stimulus removal. This suggests that the termination of cGMP accumulation is due to inactivation of guanylate cyclase instead of a steady state of cGMP synthesis and degradation. Further accumulation of cGMP was approx. 75% reduced upon dilution of a cell suspension after stimulation with both agonists. Stimulation by 300 nM folic acid or by 30 nM N10-methylfolic acid (a more potent agonist) yielded identical results. However, upon addition of deaminofolic acid the accumulation of cGMP continued normally if the cells had been stimulated with N10-methylfolic acid, but only slightly in the case of a folic acid stimulus. The effect of stimulus duration on desensitization was monitored; it was observed that 50% desensitization was induced by stimulation for 1 s, while 4 s was sufficient for maximal desensitization. Short stimuli were observed to elicit high levels of desensitization without much excitation of guanylate cyclase. A desensitization-like process was observed at the level of the folate-binding chemotactic receptors as well. Relationships between the cGMP response data and folic acid receptor kinetics are discussed.
D000619:Aminohydrolases / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000378:metabolism*; D058973:Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D058973:Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C028162:N(10)-methylfolate; C044134:2-deaminofolic acid; D005492:Folic Acid; D000619:Aminohydrolases; C020144:folic acid deaminase, Dictyostelium discoideum; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D008727:Methotrexate