title: Amphetamine-like effects of anorectics and related compounds in pigeons.
abstract: Four pigeons were trained to discriminate injections of d-amphetamine (AMPH; 2.0 mg/kg i.m.) from saline with responding maintained under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food delivery. When drugs used therapeutically as anorectics were tested, they consistently produced greater than 80% of AMPH-appropriate responding. The order of potency for substituting for AMPH was: mazindol greater than AMPH = phenmetrazine = phentermine greater than chlorphentermine = phendimetrazine = diethylpropion greater than clortermine = mefenorex. Other anorectics such as phenylpropanolamine (0.3-30.0 mg/kg) and fenfluramine (1.0-17.0 mg/kg) only substituted partially for AMPH whereas benzphetamine (1.0-100.0 mg/kg) resulted primarily in saline-appropriate responding. Compounds related to AMPH in biochemical mechanism of action or psychomotor stimulant activity also were tested. Methylphenidate (0.1-3.0 mg/kg), piribedil (0.3-17.0 mg/kg) and nisoxetine (0.03-1.0 mg/kg) shared discriminative stimulus properties with AMPH whereas bupropion (1.0-30.0 mg/kg) and propylhexedrine (10.0-100.0 mg/kg) substituted for AMPH in two of three pigeons tested. In contrast, caffeine and fenetylline resulted principally in saline-appropriate responding. Compounds from pharmacological classes not related to AMPH, such as morphine, diazepam and phencyclidine, failed to substitute for AMPH. In general, compounds with anorectic and/or stimulant properties shared discriminative stimulus properties with AMPH.
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001067:Appetite Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016642:Bupropion; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002745:Chlorphentermine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010856:Columbidae; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005277:Fenfluramine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008454:Mazindol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011427:Propiophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D011437:Propylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013806:Theophylline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D001067:Appetite Depressants; D011427:Propiophenones; D011437:Propylamines; D016642:Bupropion; D005277:Fenfluramine; D002110:Caffeine; D013806:Theophylline; D008454:Mazindol; D002745:Chlorphentermine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine; C004518:fenethylline