Slow desaturation and elongation of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids as a rationale of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich diet to lower blood pressure and serum lipids in normal, hypertensive and hyperlipemic subjects.
In normal, hypertensive and hyperlipemic subjects, diets supplemented with linoleic acid (LA) or alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) resulted in an increase of the corresponding fatty acids in serum lipids. However, their C20-derivatives, the prostaglandin precursors arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), respectively, were not or only slightly augmented. On the other hand, an EPA-rich diet produced a marked increase of this fatty acid, especially in cholesterol esters. After this diet the decreases of blood pressure and serum lipids were more pronounced when compared with LA- and LNA-rich diets containing a 20-fold higher dose of the polyunsaturated fatty acids. The slow formation of AA and EPA from LA and LNA seems to be a characteristic finding in humans, being different from preferred laboratory animals, for instance, rats. This observation was independent of the presence of risk factors, like arterial hypertension or hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP).
D000328:Adult; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008042:Linolenic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid
D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D008042:Linolenic Acids; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid