title: Phorbol esters enhance neurotransmitter-stimulated cyclic AMP production in rat brain slices.
abstract: The effect of phorbol esters on cyclic AMP production in rat CNS tissue was examined. Using a prelabeling technique for measuring cyclic AMP accumulation in brain slices, it was found that phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate (PMA) enhanced the cyclic AMP response to forskolin and a variety of neurotransmitter receptor stimulants while having no effect on second messenger accumulation itself. A short (15-min) preincubation period with PMA was required to obtain maximal enhancement, whereas the augmentation was lessened by prolonged exposure (3 h) to the phorbol. The response to PMA was concentration dependent (EC50 = 1 microM) and regionally selective, being most apparent in forebrain, and was not influenced by removal of extracellular calcium or by inhibition of phosphodiesterase or phospholipase A2. Only those phorbols known to stimulate protein kinase C augmented the accumulation of cyclic AMP. Moreover, the membrane substrates phosphorylated by endogenous C kinase and by a partially purified preparation of this enzyme were similar. The results suggest that phorbol esters, by activating protein kinase C, modify the cyclic AMP response to brain neurotransmitter receptor stimulation in brain by influencing a component of the adenylate cyclase system beyond the transmitter recognition site.
mesh_terms: D015762:2-Chloroadenosine; D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015232:Dinoprostone; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008970:Molecular Weight; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011458:Prostaglandins E / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D011458:Prostaglandins E; D015762:2-Chloroadenosine; D005576:Colforsin; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000241:Adenosine; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007545:Isoproterenol; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate