title: Accelerated onset of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs: pancuronium, atracurium and vecuronium. A comparison with succinylcholine.
abstract: The time of onset and degree of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) in 80 anaesthetized patients, following either a single bolus injection of pancuronium 0.95 mg kg-1, atracurium 0.53 mg kg-1 or vecuronium 0.07 mg kg-1, or divided doses of pancuronium 0.15 mg kg-1, atracurium 0.07 mg kg-1 or vecuronium 0.01 mg kg-1 administered 3 min or 5 min before the second dose of pancuronium 0.08 mg kg-1, atracurium 0.46 mg kg-1 or vecuronium 0.06 mg kg-1, were determined and compared to the same parameters measured following succinylcholine administration (1 mg kg-1). The time to maximum NMB (100%) following the administration of succinylcholine was 58.1 +/- 5.3 s, whereas the time to maximum NMB (100%) following a single bolus injection of either pancuronium, atracurium or vecuronium was 130.6 +/- 22.2, 93.0 +/- 6.4, 127.5 +/- 13.0 s, respectively. These values for time to maximum NMB are significantly longer than the time required for succinylcholine to achieve maximal blockade. The time to attain maximum NMB following divided doses of pancuronium, atracurium or vecuronium separated by 3 min decreased significantly to 77.9 +/- 4.3, 77.5 +/- 7.6, 89.0 +/- 8.6 s, respectively. However, when the two doses of drug were separated by 5 min, only small, non-significant further decreases occurred in the time required to achieve maximum blockade. Although the time to maximum NMB following divided doses of pancuronium, atracurium or vecuronium is significantly longer than that for succinylcholine, divided dosing significantly decreases the time required to reach maximal NMB.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001279:Atracurium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects*; D010197:Pancuronium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013390:Succinylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001279:Atracurium; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide; D013390:Succinylcholine; D010197:Pancuronium