title: AMPA is a powerful neurotoxin in the chicken retina.
abstract: Intravitreal (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleacetic acid (AMPA) is a powerful excitotoxin on the chicken retina. Doses of 10 nmol/eye produce half-maximum destruction of cholinergic amacrine cells, making AMPA equipotent with kainic acid. The effects of AMPA can be distinguished from those of kainic acid morphologically, and from those of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid by the failure of 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (2-AP5) to block those of AMPA. Both morphologically, and in response to 2-AP5, the effects of AMPA and quisqualic acid are indistinguishable, but AMPA is much more potent than quisqualic acid, presumably due to the uptake and inactivation of quisqualic acid.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002645:Chickens; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007051:Ibotenic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity*; D007267:Injections; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D016318:Quisqualic Acid; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D014822:Vitreous Body; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid
chemical_list: D010069:Oxadiazoles; D010080:Oxazoles; D007051:Ibotenic Acid; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; D016318:Quisqualic Acid; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase; D007608:Kainic Acid