title: Dependence characteristics and risk assessment of agonist-antagonist analgesics.
abstract: Risk assessment of dependence-producing drugs comprises assessment of two major risks: the risk that a drug is likely to be abused (abuse liability) and the harm that is likely to occur as a consequence of abuse (termed here as harm liability). Important determinants of these risks are the dependence-related pharmacological and toxicological properties of a drug. In this paper, the relationships of the drug properties to the abuse and harm liabilities are described. Next, a scoring system to assess the abuse and harm liabilities is introduced. Finally, an attempt to actually apply this system to several prototypic drugs of abuse and some agonist-antagonist analgesics is explained.
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects; D001463:Barbiturates / Q000009:adverse effects; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008238:Lysergic Acid Diethylamide / Q000009:adverse effects; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D009294:Narcotics / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D001463:Barbiturates; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009294:Narcotics; D008238:Lysergic Acid Diethylamide