title: Effect of in vitro organic nitrate tolerance on relaxation, cyclic GMP accumulation, and guanylate cyclase activation by glyceryl trinitrate and the enantiomers of isoidide dinitrate.
abstract: Previously, it was shown that the D enantiomer of isoidide dinitrate was 10-fold more potent than the L enantiomer and 10-fold less potent than glyceryl trinitrate for stimulating cyclic GMP accumulation and relaxation of isolated rat aorta. In the present study, these organic nitrates were tested for their ability to induce tolerance to organic nitrate-induced relaxation, cyclic GMP accumulation, and guanylate cyclase activation in rat aorta in vitro. To compensate for the differences in vasodilator potency, tolerance was induced by incubating isolated rat aorta with concentrations of organic nitrates 1,000-fold greater than the EC50 for relaxation. Under these conditions, the EC50 for relaxation was increased significantly for each organic nitrate and to a similar degree on subsequent reexposure. These data suggest that the potential for inducing in vitro tolerance to relaxation was the same for the three organic nitrates tested. When activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by these compounds was assessed, the enantiomers of isoidide dinitrate were equipotent, but less potent than glyceryl trinitrate, suggesting that the site of enantioselectivity is not guanylate cyclase itself. In blood vessels made tolerant to organic nitrates by pretreatment with glyceryl trinitrate, vasodilator activity, cyclic GMP accumulation, and guanylate cyclase activation were attenuated on reexposure to each organic nitrate. In addition, differences in the potency of the three organic nitrates and the enantioselectivity of isoidide dinitrate for relaxation were abolished in tolerant tissue, whereas the potency difference between glyceryl trinitrate and isoidide dinitrate for activation of guanylate cyclase was unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013402:Sugar Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D013402:Sugar Alcohols; C002589:isoidide dinitrate; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D006152:Cyclic GMP