title: Antidiuretic responses to osmotic, ionic or volume stimulation of the brain in the unanesthetized toad, Bufo arenarum Hensel.
abstract: Single injections of 15 microliter of 1 M NaCl or 2M sucrose into the carotid system of normal unanesthetized toads induced a rapid and significant decrease of urine production. This appears to be the first report on the existence of a Verney-like phenomena in a non-mammalian vertebrate. This antidiuresis was blocked out in the hypophysectomized diencephalic lesioned animal. Concurrently, small volumes (4 microliters) of 1 M NaCl but not 2 M sucrose also induced antidiuresis when injected into the midbrain tegmentum of normal but not of hypophysectomized diencephalic lesioned toads. Larger volumes (6 microliters) of 2 M sucrose were needed to induce a similar antidiuresis in normals. Furthermore, even larger volumes (more than 8 microliters) of any of both solutions were able to induce oliguria in normal as well as in hypophysectomized toads. On the basis of these results, the following conclusion would be drawn: the brain of the toad is able to detect ionic and osmotic stimuli, these stimuli apparently affect different receptors in the brain, the antidiuresis initiated by these mechanisms is dependent on diencephalic integrity.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002022:Bufo arenarum / Q000502:physiology*; D004027:Diencephalon / Q000502:physiology; D004231:Diuresis / Q000187:drug effects; D007016:Hypophysectomy; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013395:Sucrose